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Ja ir stikls ar elektrovadošu un caurspīdīgu pārklājumu ITO
Stikls
ITO = InO2 + SnO2
ITO = indium tin oxide = indija un alvas oksīdi, kas veido elektrovadošo pārklājumu
ITO stikls
Izkarsēt TiO2 lai savienot tās daļiņas savā starpā
Stikls
ITO
TiO2 pārklājums
ITO
TiO2
TiO2
TiO2
ITO
TiO2
TiO2
TiO2
450C
Keramika, kur TiO2 daļiņas ir:
ITO
TiO2
TiO2
TiO2
•ķīmiski saistīti savā starpā un ar ITO
•tās struktūrai ir ļoti liels virsmas laukums
Starp divām ITO plāksnēm izveidot spraugu, ieliekot polietilēna plēvi
Stikls
ITO
TiO2 pārklājums+ + Krāsviela
Stikls
ITO
Polietilēns
Šo saules elementu efektivitāte ir ap 0,1%
Vislabākie rezultāti ir iegūtie ar ekstrahētam no Jaboticaba (ISC = 9 mAcm-2, VOC=0.59 V) un Calafate (6 mAcm-2, 0.47 V) ogu sulu antocianiniem.
Pārējie antocianini, ekstrahēti no ērkšķogu sulas dod pārvēršanas efektivitāti ap 0.56 %
Jaboticaba
Visefektivakie saules elementi
Silicija bāzes saules elementu efektivitāteSilicija bāzes saules elementu efektivitāte
Tips Effektivitāte
Laboratorijas
Apstakļos %
Effektivitāte
Komercialā
Izstradajumā %
Monokristāliskais
24 14-17
polikristāliskais 18 13-15
amorfs 13 5-7
CAS Number 1317-80-2
MDL Number MFCD00011269
Molecular Formula TiO2
Molecular Weight 79.90
Color and Form white powder
Specific Surface Area (BET) ≥500 m2/g
Crystallite Size Amorphous
Average Pore Diameter 32Å
Total Pore Volume ≥0.4 cc/g
Bulk Density 0.6 g/cc
True Density 3.7 g/cc
Mean Aggregate Size 5μm
Loss on Ignition ≤12%
Moisture Content ≤4%
Ce Content (Based on Metal) ≥99.999%
Par virsmas porainību liecinā The table below lists the physical
and chemical
properties of Titanium (IV) Oxide
Nanopowder
http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleId=2282
Solaronix• A series of calibrated current-voltage measurements of sealed Dye Solar Cells were carried out by the Fraunhofer
Institut für Solare Energiesysteme (Freiburg, Germany). An efficiency of 10 % was obtained by the solar cells assembled at the EPFL in Lausanne (simulated sunlight AM 1.5, 1000 W/m2).
• Fig: 5. Current-Voltage plot of a Dye Solar Cell of 0.257 cm2
(eff. = 10 %, AM 1.5, VOC = 823 mV, ISC = 16.9 mA/cm2, ff = 72.5 %) • Such performances were achieved with the bis-tetrabutylammonium salt of Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 as a sensitizing dye
(Ruthenium 535-bisTBA). Using a salt instead of the protonated sensitizer (Ruthenium 535) prevents an irreversible votage drop in the solar cell due to a too high acidity during dye adsorption on the TiO 2. In addition, the electrolyte is based on acetonitrile and organic iodide salt.
• When operating in a solar cell the sensitizer S gets excited by the visible light. Then it gets oxidized due to charge injection, and recycled by iodide reduction. The rate constants for charge injection and iodide reduction are at least 109 times higher than the rate constants for excited and oxidized state degradation. The sensitizer should be able to undergo around one billion cycles without significant degradation. Side reactions such as sensitization of oxygen are efficiently suppressed due to ultrafast electron injection into TiO2.
• Solaronix has performed a variety of studies concerning the stability of the sensitzer, the electrolyte, the redox couple, and the sealing of solar cells. The Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 sensitizer has been validated for a commercial application. Light soaking experiments on photovoltaic devices at different temperatures have proved the long-term stability of this sensitizing dye. The liquid electrolyte has can be encapsulated for many years under thermal cycling with the suitable sealing material chemically inert to triiodide.
• Dye solar cells from Solaronix showed a remarkable photochemical stability under intense and continous light irradiation. After 6000 hours at full sunlight, corresponding to about seven years of outside light exposure in central Europe, no loss of tri-iodide or chemical transformation of the sensitizer was observed. Heating of a test solar cell at 70°C for 1000 hours under irradiation did not affect the conversion efficiency, indicating an excellent chemical stability.
Indola atvasinājumi• Indole occurs naturally as a building block in the amino acid
tryptophan, in• dyes and many alkaloids. Substituted with an electron withdrawing
anchoring• group on the benzene ring and an electron donating group on the
nitrogen• atom, these dyes have a great potential as sensitizers. A
remarkable efficiency• of 6.1 % with D102 was published in 2003 which triggered a number
of subsequent studies. By• Optimizing the substituents, an efficiency of 8 % was achieved with
D149 • This value was even exceeded recently by optimizing the TiO2-
layer properties (9 % )
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