Saule zemē

Dod patīkamu sajutu un siltumu, ja vien Jūs neesat

Un Jums maz ūdens

Saule un Daba

Saule un Daba

In 1988, Dr. Michael Graetzel

Cilvēks, kas izgudroja jaunu saules elementa veidu:

Ja ir stikls ar elektrovadošu un caurspīdīgu pārklājumu ITO

Stikls

ITO = InO2 + SnO2

ITO = indium tin oxide = indija un alvas oksīdi, kas veido elektrovadošo pārklājumu

ITO stikls

Ko var pārklāt ar plāno TiO2

nanokristālu pastas slāni

Stikls

ITO

TiO2 pastas pārklājums

Stikls

ITO

TiO2 pārklājums

ITO

TiO2

TiO2

TiO2

Izkarsēt TiO2 lai savienot tās daļiņas savā starpā

Stikls

ITO

TiO2 pārklājums

ITO

TiO2

TiO2

TiO2

ITO

TiO2

TiO2

TiO2

450C

Keramika, kur TiO2 daļiņas ir:

ITO

TiO2

TiO2

TiO2

•ķīmiski saistīti savā starpā un ar ITO

•tās struktūrai ir ļoti liels virsmas laukums

Nokrāsot ar krāsvielu kas ir :

Avenēs

Vai arī kazenēs

Granātābolā

Der VISAS !!!

Sanāk dīvaini?

Stikls

ITO

TiO2 pārklājums + Krāsviela

Pēc mērcēšanas

Ko lai izdara Vēl???

Paņemt vēl vienu ITO

Uzlikt pirmai elementa pusei virsu

Stikls

ITO

TiO2 pārklājums+ + Krāsviela

Stikls

ITO

Starp divām ITO plāksnēm izveidot spraugu, ieliekot polietilēna plēvi

Stikls

ITO

TiO2 pārklājums+ + Krāsviela

Stikls

ITO

Polietilēns

Pieliekam stiprinājumus

Vajag mērci! --- Elektrolītu

I2/ I3

+ šķidrums

Lejam elektrolītu spraugā

Stikls

ITO

TiO2 pārklājums+ + Krāsviela

Stikls

ITO

Elektrolīts

Ēdiens ir gatavs.

Sanāk saules elements!!!

Ko var uztaisīt ikviens !!!

Antra Dilāne

Anete Kleinberga

RFL 12.c

Paldies skolniecēm!!!

Ja ogas sulu aizvietot ar

• TiO2 saules elementu efektivitāte ir >11%

Šo saules elementu efektivitāte ir ap 0,1%

Vislabākie rezultāti ir iegūtie ar ekstrahētam no Jaboticaba (ISC = 9 mAcm-2, VOC=0.59 V) un Calafate (6 mAcm-2, 0.47 V) ogu sulu antocianiniem.

Pārējie antocianini, ekstrahēti no ērkšķogu sulas dod pārvēršanas efektivitāti ap 0.56 %

Jaboticaba

Best result

Visefektivakie saules elementi

Silicija bāzes saules elementu efektivitāteSilicija bāzes saules elementu efektivitāte

Tips Effektivitāte

Laboratorijas

Apstakļos %

Effektivitāte

Komercialā

Izstradajumā %

Monokristāliskais

24 14-17

polikristāliskais 18 13-15

amorfs 13 5-7

CAS Number 1317-80-2

MDL Number MFCD00011269

Molecular Formula TiO2

Molecular Weight 79.90

Color and Form white powder

Specific Surface Area (BET) ≥500 m2/g

Crystallite Size Amorphous

Average Pore Diameter 32Å

Total Pore Volume ≥0.4 cc/g

Bulk Density 0.6 g/cc

True Density 3.7 g/cc

Mean Aggregate Size 5μm

Loss on Ignition ≤12%

Moisture Content ≤4%

Ce Content (Based on Metal) ≥99.999%

Par virsmas porainību liecinā The table below lists the physical

and chemical

properties of Titanium (IV) Oxide

Nanopowder

http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleId=2282

Solaronix• A series of calibrated current-voltage measurements of sealed Dye Solar Cells were carried out by the Fraunhofer

Institut für Solare Energiesysteme (Freiburg, Germany). An efficiency of 10 % was obtained by the solar cells assembled at the EPFL in Lausanne (simulated sunlight AM 1.5, 1000 W/m2).

• Fig: 5. Current-Voltage plot of a Dye Solar Cell of 0.257 cm2

(eff. = 10 %, AM 1.5, VOC = 823 mV, ISC = 16.9 mA/cm2, ff = 72.5 %) • Such performances were achieved with the bis-tetrabutylammonium salt of Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 as a sensitizing dye

(Ruthenium 535-bisTBA). Using a salt instead of the protonated sensitizer (Ruthenium 535) prevents an irreversible votage drop in the solar cell due to a too high acidity during dye adsorption on the TiO 2. In addition, the electrolyte is based on acetonitrile and organic iodide salt.

• When operating in a solar cell the sensitizer S gets excited by the visible light. Then it gets oxidized due to charge injection, and recycled by iodide reduction. The rate constants for charge injection and iodide reduction are at least 109 times higher than the rate constants for excited and oxidized state degradation. The sensitizer should be able to undergo around one billion cycles without significant degradation. Side reactions such as sensitization of oxygen are efficiently suppressed due to ultrafast electron injection into TiO2.

• Solaronix has performed a variety of studies concerning the stability of the sensitzer, the electrolyte, the redox couple, and the sealing of solar cells. The Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 sensitizer has been validated for a commercial application. Light soaking experiments on photovoltaic devices at different temperatures have proved the long-term stability of this sensitizing dye. The liquid electrolyte has can be encapsulated for many years under thermal cycling with the suitable sealing material chemically inert to triiodide.

• Dye solar cells from Solaronix showed a remarkable photochemical stability under intense and continous light irradiation. After 6000 hours at full sunlight, corresponding to about seven years of outside light exposure in central Europe, no loss of tri-iodide or chemical transformation of the sensitizer was observed. Heating of a test solar cell at 70°C for 1000 hours under irradiation did not affect the conversion efficiency, indicating an excellent chemical stability.

Indola atvasinājumi• Indole occurs naturally as a building block in the amino acid

tryptophan, in• dyes and many alkaloids. Substituted with an electron withdrawing

anchoring• group on the benzene ring and an electron donating group on the

nitrogen• atom, these dyes have a great potential as sensitizers. A

remarkable efficiency• of 6.1 % with D102 was published in 2003 which triggered a number

of subsequent studies. By• Optimizing the substituents, an efficiency of 8 % was achieved with

D149 • This value was even exceeded recently by optimizing the TiO2-

layer properties (9 % )