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The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics
NII-Electronic Library Service
The JapaneseSociety forPlant Systematics
ISSN1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 63 (2): 63-69 (2013)
Pleronicastrum naguchii (sect. PiagiostaeLtys,
a New Species from Japan
Plantaginaceae),
KolcHI UEHARAIi KEN'IcHJSAIKI2 AND TosHIo ANDo]
' Grachiate School ofHortieulture, Chiba UniversiijL Mlrtsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Jtrpan.
*uehara@1/acutty.chiba-u,ip (keuthorfor correspondencel; ' Natural Histoely imseum and lhstitute,
Chiba, Aoba-cho. Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, .hu)an
Pteronicastrum noguchii K. Uehara, K. Saiki & T, Ando (Plantaginaceae), from Chiba Prefecture, Japan,
is described as new, It is similar to X viUosuium (Miq,) T, Yamaz. in having a subglobose inflorescence,but differs in having recurved hairs on the stem, the leafbase cordate or eccasionally truncate, the leaf
rnargin crenate, the Ieaf surface sparsely pilose, bracts sparsely pilose and narrowly oblong to ovate, and
narrowly triangular to linear subglabrous ca]yx Iebes.
Key words: Chiba Prefecture, endangered species, Isumi-shi. Flaronicah'trum
if27ronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr. (Plantaginace-ae) in eastern Asia comprises four sections:
Pterocaulon T. Yamaz., Plagiostacbys (Franch.)T, Yamaz,, Leptandua (Nutt.) Benth, (= section
Pleronicastrum) (Yamazaki 1957), and Cdlorhab-
dos (Benth.) D. Y, Hong (Chin & Hong 1979).
Section Plagiostaclrys [type: Z axillare (Siebold& Zucc,) T. Yamaz.] is characterized by a terete
or striate, arching or ascending stem that forms a
new shoot at the apex when it touches the greund,an axi]lary infiorescence, and an actinomorphic
corolla with a long tube, Yamazaki (1957) enu-
merated 12 species in section Plagiostacbys from
northeastern Asia (China, Taiwan, and Japan).
Chin & Hong (1979) recognized two additional
Chinese species as members ofthis section [Z ro-bustum (Diels) D, Y. Hong and " rhombijblium
(Hand,-Mazz,) P. C. Tsoong], and transferred Z
simaclae (Masam.) T, Yamaz. (a species endemic
to [[letiwan) and M yunnanense (W, W. Sm.) T.Yamaz, to sections Pterocaulon and Caiorhab-
dos, respectively. Chin & Hong (l979) treated Z
yamatsutae (T, Yamaz.) T. Yamaz., Z venosum
(Hemsl.) T. Yamaz,, and U plukenetii (T. Yamaz,)T. Yamaz. as infraspecific taxa of Z steno-
stachyum (Hemsl.) T. Yamaz. Thus. nine species
of section Plagiostacbys are currently known in
eastern Asia, Five species are endemic to China
[M stenostacbyum, K longispicatum (Merr.) T.
Yamaz., K latij?)tium (Hemsl.) T, Yamaz,, M ro-
bustum, and Z rhombij2)lium], and two species
are endemic to Japan [K liukiuense (Ohwi) T.Yamaz. and Z tagawae (Ohwi) T. Yamaz,], Thetwo remaining species occur in both countries [[axiilare and U villosulum (Miq.) T. Yamaz,].
The species of P2eronicastrum described here
shares the general morpholegical features of sec-
tion Plagiostacbys, but is distinct ftorn any
known species of the section. We propose this
plant as a new species, Z noguchii K. Uehara, K,
Saiki & T. Ando, and describe it with special ern-
phasis on its distinction from Z viUosulum, since
Z noguchii was erroneously reported as M viilo-
sulum by Noguchi et aL (2009). Pleronicastrum villosulum was described by
Miquel (1866) as a species of Pbederota L., based
on a specimen collected in Japan by Phillip Franz
von Siebold, Although it vvas cultivated as an oF
namental or medicinal plant during Siebold's stay
in Japan, its natural habitat was long unknown.
Pleronieastrum viUosulum is now an endangered
species {n Japan, with natural populations report-
The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics
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64 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. 63
ed fbr only two sites: Fuchu, Tarui-cho, Fuwa-
gun, Gifu Prefecture (Muro 1953) and Sadamit-su, Tsurugi-cho, Mima-gun, Tokushima Prefec-
ture (Abe 1990). P'keronicastrum noguchii is alsoconsidered to be endangered and awaits an ofTi-
cial conservation plan.
Materials and Methods
We made several visits to Isumi-shi, ChibaPrefecture, to collect herbarium specimens of PZ?-ronicastrum noguchii Small portions were also
obtained to propagate the plants vegetatively. We
studied herbarium specimens deposited in theNatural History Museum and Institute, Chiba
(CBM), that had been determined as M villosu-
lum by Noguchi et al. (2009), obtained a photo-graph of the holotype specimen of M villosuium
(L0420659) from the National Herbarium of the
Netherlands-Leiden (L), and studied photos of
specimens of Z villosulum provided by the
[Ibkushima Prefectural Museum (TKPM). We
also visited Tsurugi-cho, Tbkushima Prefecture,on 6 September 2011, to observe the native habi-tat of if viltosulum and obtained several individu-
als from Hirotake Yasuda, who is protecting thenatural population. We visited the habitat of Vvillosulum at [Ibrui-cho and Ikeda-cho, Gifu Pre-
fecture, on 25 July 2012, and observed flowers
and other organs. P2?ronicastrum noguchii and V
villosulum were grown in Noda-shi, Chiba Pre-fecture, under conditions similar to those of their
natural habitat. Fortunately, cultivated plants ofboth species bloomed almost simultaneously inJuly 2012, allowing a close comparisen ofthe flo-ral morphology. Chinese species of the section
Plagiostaclpts were studied via the Chinese ViFtual Herbarium (http:llwww.cvh,org.cnfoms/).
Results and Discussion
Veronicastrum noguchii K. Uehara, K. Saiki &T. Ando, sp. noy-Figs, 1, 2, 3A (righD, 3B (rightrow), 3C (righO, 3D (right).
Resembling Plerenicastrum viltosutum (Miq.) T. Yamaz.,
but differing in stem hairs recurved; leafbase cordate or
occasionally truncate, margin crenate. surface sparsely
pilose except on ribs on lower surface; bracts narrowly
oblong to ovate, surface sparsely pilose; calyx lobes nar-rowly triangular to lmear, surface subglabrous.
7){pus. JAPAN. Chiba Prefecture, Isumi-shi, Ono,35015' N, 140017' E, 12 July 2012, K. Ulehara & T Anclo
s.n. (holo- TI; iso- CBM, KYO, L, NY).
Hlerb perennial, Stems slender, ascending
from base, arching apically, rooting and fbrming
anew shoot when apex touches ground (Fig. IA),
terete, villose; hairs curved (Fig. 3A, right).
Leaves alternate, chartaceous, becoming much
smaller toward shoot apex (Fig. IA); petiole 2-5mm long, pilose; blade ovate, (2-)7-10 cm long,
(1-)4-6 cm wide, sparsely pilose, base cordate or
occasionally truncate, margin crenate with crena-
tions apiculate, apex acuminate, midrib and
nerves raised on lower surface, pubescent, promi-nent lateral nerves 6-12, usually 3-4 lateral
nerves emerging from or slightly above base of
midrib (Figs, IA, 2A, & 3B, right row; see also
Fig, 1 in Noguchi et aL 2009). Ii7owens July to
August. SZ)ikes axillary, sessile, subglobose, 2-3cm long and wide (Figs. IB & 2B). Bracts nar-
rowly oblong to ovate, apex acuminate, ca. 4 mm
long, surface sparsely pilose (Figs, IC & 3C,righD, usually reddish purple while subtended
fiower is in small bud stage. Ctilyx 5-lobed almost
to base; lobes narrowly triangular to linear, apex
acuminate, ciliate, subglabrous, ca. 5 mm long
(Figs. IC & 3D, righO, Cbrolla ca. 7 mm long, tu-bular, dark bluish purple, glabrous outside, pu-bescent inside, 4-lobed; lobes deltoid, acute, ca. 2mm !ong (Figs. IC & 3D, righO, Stamens 2, ex-
serted, 11-12 mm Iong; filaments pubescent inlower halg adnate to base of corolla (Fig, ID).Ovar:y ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; style fili-
fbrm, glabrous, 14-15 mm long (Fig. ID). Cap-sules and seeds not seen.
Distribution. Known only from Ono, Isumi-shi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, which appears to bethe eastern extent of the distribution of section
Plagiostacbys (Fig. 4).
Hbbitat. The native habitat of P2rronicastrum
noguchii is a steep, southwest-facing slope besidea stream, The site is considerably shaded by ever-
green trees. Sandstones in the area are easily
eroded by the stream, forming a deep gorge, al-
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February 2013 UEHARA & AL.- trbronicastntm noguchii. a new species from Japan 65
tttttc /{
'
A
,,z・・ ,,lt'
Lsck
tsl.1';t:t";-
D
/
c.7<''x
'i'-""'
. ・.y
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'
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'
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F]G, 1, P?ronieastrum noguchii K. Uehara, K. Saiki & T. Ando. A: Habit at fiowering in July. B: Spike. C: Flower with bract.
D: Disseeted corolla, stamen, and pistil. Scale bar = 3 cm for A, 3 mm for C and D. Scale bar is not provided for B.
The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics
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66 .ALctaPhytetax.Geobot. Xbl. 6r,
Fl(i. ]. i Ui'oiiiccisirum noyltchii TTiiLs nalixe habittu atlbLlmj-s]li.C'hibaPrei'. .bL/ 1'lunts. B/Spikes.
The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics
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The JapaneseSociety for Plant Systematics
February 201r, L l,H.NRx& v.-l'eronit'asrritni nogu('hii.ane"' spccies i'ro]n JapHn 61
though the altitude is on]y 30 m above sea levei.
The population of l( nogttchii we observed xvas
small, with ca, 100 individuals.
Et.i'niologi'. P・'ei'onicasti'tiin nos.uc'hii is nanied
after Mr. Shouzo Nog.,uchi, an enthusiast of the
fiora ot' Chiba Prefecture. who discoNered this
species on 4 May 2009,
Jtrpanese name, lsumi-suzukake (nox,.)
OtheJ' spe('imens e,vanrisTed, J,ALP,ALN. Chiba Pret'ec-ture. IsuTni-shi. C)ono Ka"aine. 4 Pv{uy 2009. S. Nosttichiy,n. (CBN,{ 319973): Isumi-shi. Oeno Kawame. 22 .ALugust20]O. S. Nogttchi s.n, (CB)vl 31114I): Oh"e. Isumi-shi.
ttt-r.・t.:..t
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'p:llli,#:・.. f'.rr,/, '"ptp,?Ft:,....
't...
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B
lD
Flc;. ]. N・Iorpho]ogiea] characleristics of J k,ronicaslruni no.u.if( hii (rig.hO cotnpared lo thosc of [ ivltosulu"i (left). .aLi Ilairs en
youn.o.. stcm, B/ Adaxial (uppcr ro" ) adid abaxial Oo"'cr ro" ) ]cat'surfaces. C: .dLbax[al x ic"' ot'bracts. D/ Side view offlo".
ers. t,ubtendinL, hract on riL,ht side remoyed. Sea[c bar = 1 mm ['or .,X. Cl and D: 5 cm ibr B. L. t.
NII-Electronic Mbrary
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68 Acta Phytotax. Geobot.
Chiba, 15 July 2009, K. Ohno, T 1leiruki, S, Nbguehi, T
fwase, M[ Kubota & M Nemoto s.n. (CBM 275990). (Allthree specimens were originally determjned as ltleroni-castrum viUosutum); Isumi-shi, Ono, 3 July 2012, K. Ue-
hara, M: ito & T Ando s.n. (TI, TKPM, TNS).
IVbte. Pleronicastrum noguchii resembles Mvillosulum in the morphology of the inflores-
cence. In section Ptagiostacbys, only these two
species develop subglobose inflorescences. Inflo-
rescences ofthe remaining species are cylindrieal
or conical (Yamazaki 1957, Chin & Hong 1979,
Hong et al. 1998). Morphological distinctions be-tween Z noguchii and Z villosulum are summa-
rized in Table 1.
In China, P2ironicastrum villosulum is vari-
able in indumentum, leafmargin, corolla length,and merosity. Four infraspecific taxa are recog-
nized: var. vitlosulum, var, hit:sutum T, L, Chin &
D. Y. Hong, var, parvij70rum T, L, Chin & D. Y.
Hong. and var. glabrum T. L, Chin & D. Y. Hong
Vol. 63
(Hong et al. 1998). However, the morphology of
the leaf base of these taxa is within a range that
can be described as "mostly
broadly cuneate to
rarely rounded" (after Hong et al. 1998), and
prominent lateral nerves do not emerge from the
base ofthe midrib. These morphological featuresof the leaves are distinctive in M noguchii, Var.
glabrum and var. parvij7orum differ from Z no-
guchii in having glabrous stems and small white
fiowers, respectively, Stems of var. hirsutum are
covered with non-glandular curved hairs like
those of M noguchii, but the indumentum of the
leaf blade (hirsute) and bracts, as well as the ca-
lyx lobes (with glandular hairs), ofthis taxen dif
fer from those of Z noguchii.
Like P2ironicastrum noguehii, " robustum
subsp. grandijrolium T. L. Chin & D. Y. Hong.
which occurs in China (see H E Chin 700872
and others deposited in the Guangxi Institute ofBotany Herbarium: IBK), has leaves with a cor-
TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of leronicastrum noguchii and P( villosttlum.
Organ K7ronicastrumnogerchii P2rronieastrumviUosulum Figure
StemLeaves
basc
margln
surface
prornlnentlateral nerves
villose, with curved hairs
cordateoccasionallytruncate
crenate
sparselypilose
usually emerge from base or slightly above
baseofmidrib
glandular-villose,with straight hairscuneate to obtuse
serrate
densely glandular-villose
emerge from midrib
Fig. 3AFig,
3B
Fig.3B
Fig.3B
Bracts
Calyxlobe
Corolla tube
Stamens
lobe
Narrowly oblong to ovate, acuminate, ca.
4 mm long, sparsety pilose, usually reclclish
purple when subtended fiower is in youngbud stage
narrowly triangular to linear,subglabrous
ea.5 mm long
ca.2 mm long. acute
acummate,
11-12 mm long, shorter than pistil
linear-lanceolate,acuminate,7-9mmlong,glandular-villose, Fig.3C
consistentlygreen
linear-lanceolate,
glandular-villose
7-8 mm long
1-1,5 mm long, acurninate
Fig, 3D
14-15 mm long, as long as pistil Fig. 3D
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February 2013 UEHARA&AL.-Pleronicastrztmnoguchii,a ncw species from Japan 69
date base and prominent Iateral nerves emerging
from the base ofthe midrib, but the leaf margin isserrate, the stem is glabrous, and the inflores-
cence is cylindrical, unljke M noguchii.
Muro (1953) noted a bamboo forest situated at
Aza-Yashiki, Naka, Fuchu-mura, Fuwa-gun,GiftL Prefecture, owned by Ybshiaki Kotake, as
the natural habitat of PleFonicastrum viggosulum,
That habitat has been destroyed, but individualstransferred from the forest are currently in the
garden ofKazuyoshi Kotake at Fuchu, Tarui-cho,
Fuwa-gun, Gifu Prefecture. P2?ronicastrum villo-
sutum is also present in a bamboo forest at Shoko-
ji [[bmple at Katayama, Ikeda-cho, Ibi-gun, GifuPrefecture.
We thank Hirotake Yasuda of Josej High School, Karni-
yama Branch, Tokushima Prefecture; Hiroshi Takahashi
ofGifu University; Satoshi K{zuka ofShokoji Teinple in
Jkeda-cho; Kazuyoshi Kotake of Fuchu in Tarui-cho,Gifu Prefecture: and Ryota Sakamoto ofthe University of
Tokyo for their kind assistance in observing the habitat of
P'leronicasb'um villosuttim. We also thank Luc Willemseand Nicolien Sol ofthe National Herbarium ofthe NetheF
]ands, Leiden, fot sending a'photograph of the holotype
specimen of Z villosuhtm. We are also grateful te Hi-
detoshi Nagamasu of Kyoto University and Motemi Ito ofthe Unlversjty of Tokyo for helpful advice in preparingthis manuscript We thank Mutsuko Nakajima for the il-
Iustrations and Akiko Shimizu of the University Muse-um, the University of Tokyo, for proyiding herbariumspecimens and literature infbnnalion. This research was
carried out with the support ofthe 22nd Pro NatLira Fund
program of the Pro Natura Foundation Japan, and finan-cia] support ofChiba prefectural government through the
resear ¢ h grant program of Chiba Biodiversity Center.
References
Abe, C. 1990. Flora of Tbkushirna Prefecture. kyoiku- shuppan Center, Ibkushima, Japan. (in Japanese)Chin, T,-L. & D,-Y. Hong. 1979. P2?ronicastrum Heist, ex
1320E 136oE 1400E T420E
2 13iOE l360E 14'OeE1420EN
FtG, 4. Distribution of frlaronicastrttfn noguchii (solid eirc]e)
and Z viltosulum (open circles) in Japan.
Fabric. Fl, Reipubg. Pepularis Sin. 67(2): 227-250. (in Chinese)
Hong, D.-Y., H.-B. Yang, C.-L. Jin & N. H. Holmgren.
I998. P2ironicastrum. in: Wu, Z,!Y, & P. H. Raven
(eds.), Flora ofChina l8: S7-61,
Miquel, F. A. G. 1866 Prolosie FIorae Japonicae. Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 2: 117-148,Muro, 6. 1953. The native land of Calorhabdos villosa
Makino, J, Jap. Bot, 28: 318-319, (in Japanese)Noguchi, S., M. Kubota, M. Amano, Y, Mikanagi, K,
Saiki & T. Ohba. 2009, A new ]ocality of Plrronicas-
trum viliosutzim (Miq.) T. Yamaz. in Chiba Prefec-
ture, Japan. Chiba-ken Shokubutu-shi Shiryou. 25:
233-235. (in japanese)Ylimazaki, T. 1957. Taxonomical and phylogemetic studies
ofScrophulariaceae-Veronicaewithspecialreference
to P2ironica and Pl!ronicasti'etm in eastern Asia. j.
Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot, 7: 91-162,
ReceivedAugztst 1O, 2012; aceepted 0ctober 3, 2012
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