Strategy, Campaigns and Tactics - توانا · Strategy and Tactics “Strategy without tactics is...

Strategy, Campaigns

and Tactics

Technology and Human Rights Advocacy

Technology and Human Rights Advocacy • Ivan Marovic • ماروویچایوان • تکنولوژی و دفاع از حقوق بشر

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What is Strategy?

Sun Tzu "The Art of War"

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Levels of Strategy

Strategy

Campaigns

(Operations)

Tactics

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Strategy στρατηγός (Ancient Greek) -

general, commander

STRATEGY - A plan of action

or policy designed to achieve

a major or overall aim.

Example: Otpor's Strategy

against Milosevic

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Campaign / Operation campus (Latin) - open field

CAMPAIGN - More limited

plan of action aimed at

achieving a specific objective

as part of a wider strategy .

Example: "Gotov je" (He is

finished) Campaign

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Tactic τακτική )Ancient Greek( -

arrangement of forces

TACTIC - specific action

or task, within a wider

operation/campaign.

Example: road blockades

and barricades

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Strategy and Tactics “Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to

victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise

before defeat.”

(Sun Tzu, again)

TIP: Campaigns serve as links between strategy

and tactics!

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Levels of Planning

Planning strategic operational tactical

Detail low medium high

Term long term mid term short

term

Scope national regional local

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First step:

Vision and Mission

Vision of tomorrow: Where do we see ourselves

in the future?

Mission: What is our purpose?

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Planning process Analysis. Analysis. Analysis.

"So it is said that if you know your enemies and

know yourself, you can win a hundred battles

without a single loss".

Sun Tzu, The Art of War

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SWOT Analysis

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The Role of Strategy Strategy is a science and an art. But it is not

a formula.

Strategy can help a movement overcome

adverse conditions.

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Strategic Level

Goals: What do we want to achieve?

Methods: How are we going to achieve this?

Structure: What do we need to achieve this?

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Operational Level Objective: What do we want to achieve?

Message: What do we say?

Tactics: What do we do?

Organization and Resources: How do we do it?

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Ghandi's Salt March 1930

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Salt March: Objective Violate the 1882 Salt Act by making your own

salt, which is criminal offence.

Dramatize Purna Swaraj (Declaration of

Independence) in a way that was meaningful to

ordinary Indians.

Build unity between Hindus and Muslims by

fighting a wrong that touched them equally.

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Salt March: Objective ..."on the eleventh day of this month I shall

proceed with such co-workers of the Ashram as I

can take, to disregard the provisions of the Salt

Laws. I regard this tax to be the most iniquitous

of all from the poor man's standpoint. As the

Independence movement is essentially for the

poorest in the land, the beginning will be made

with this evil". Ghandi's letter to the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, March 2, 1930

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Salt March: Message “The British are ruling this country for their own

benefit, so why should we help them?”

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Salt March: Tactics

• Picketing liquor stores

• Social boycotts

• Marching to salt depots

• Salt raids

• Boycott of British cloth

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Salt March: Organization • March to the coast (390 km)

• Replacement leaders after arrest

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Tactical Level Tactical sequencing: Tactics are more

effective when they are sequenced together to

reinforce each other and maintain the initiative.

Tactical innovation: The same tactic may be

done at a new location, timing, participants,

target, message, or in a new way. Or an entirely

new tactic may be used.

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Goals and Objectives S.M.A.R.T. criteria

George T. Doran, Management Review, 1981.

There is no clear consensus about what the five

keywords mean

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S.M.A.R.T. S - specific

M - measurable

A - attainable/achievable

R - relevant

T - timely

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S.M.A.R.T. Example 1 ..."on the eleventh day of this month I shall

proceed with such co-workers of the Ashram as I

can take, to disregard the provisions of the Salt

Laws. I regard this tax to be the most iniquitous

of all from the poor man's standpoint. As the

Independence movement is essentially for the

poorest in the land, the beginning will be made

with this evil".

Technology and Human Rights Advocacy • Ivan Marovic • ماروویچایوان • تکنولوژی و دفاع از حقوق بشر

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S.M.A.R.T. Example 2 October 5th 2000, Serbia:

Specific: counter electoral fraud

Measurable: 1 million people in Belgrade

Achievable: 10 day build up, convoys etc.

Relevant: Milosevic's source of power

Timely: before the run-off elections

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Questions?

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Assignment Using the SMART Goal format, define the goal

of the human rights advocacy effort in the form

of a campaign objective and then present it in

one paragraph and less than 150 words to be

read by members of the advocacy group who did

not take part in defining of the goal.

Assignment is due Thursday, October 30th, before the next class.

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