Tecnologia Geofisica

Processamento Sísmico Fundamentos

Leo Nascimento

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Falhamentos Geológicos

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•Frequencia de Nyquist ( 2*Δ t ) -1

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Fluxo

de Trabalho

Field Data

Geometria

residual

Empilhamento

Análise Velan

MigraçãoPre-empilhamento

Estaticas

Pre-processamento empilhamento migração

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Pre-empilhamento

Reamostragem ( 2ms 4ms ) Correção Estática ( terra ) – efeitos da zona de baixa velocidade e elevação.Remoção dos efeitos do instrumento.Remoção dos fantasmas ( mar )Remoção dos efeitos da fonte ( mar )Remoção Múltiplas Dominio do tiro ( FFID ) x CMP ( CDP ).

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Dispositivo de registro bipartido simétrico com tiro entre as estacas (Stack-array)

Dispositivo básico com seis canais

Combinação de três tiros consecutivos com IPT = IE

Multiplicidade → 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 1

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FAMILIA CDP

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Fluxo

de Trabalho

Field Data

Geometria

residual

Empilhamento

Análise Velan

MigraçãoPre-empilhamento

Estaticas

Pre-processamento empilhamento migração

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Correção de NMO

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Fluxo

de Trabalho

Field Data

Geometria

residual

Empilhamento

Análise Velan

MigraçãoPre-empilhamento

Estaticas

Pre-processamento empilhamento migração

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Sismograma de Tiros ( FFID )

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CDP ou CMP

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Seção empilhada

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Seção migrada

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Fluxo

de TrabalhoField Data

Stk Mig

Load Geometry

Velocity AnalysisDMO

Multiple Rejection

Deconvolution

Gain

Filter

Migration

Trace Decimation

DeSignature

Residual Statics

Near Traces

Vel CDPs

QC Shots

Archival Shots

Trace Edits

Mute

DMO gathers

Decon Shots

Migrated Offsets

Smashed Shots

NMO

Migration

Stack

QC Stack

Stack

NMO

Demult CDPs

Filter

Mute

QC Stack

Stack

NMO

QC Stack

Stack

NMO

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Processamento 4D

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Same data processed by 6 different contractors

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Respuesta tradicional de Amplitud

10,000 ft

Channel Channel ““AA””

Channel Channel ““BB””

FaultFault--Controlled ChannelControlled Channel

Point BarPoint Bar 1

0

Amplitude

analysis window length = 100ms

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Tuning Cube, Amplitude at Frequency = 16 hz

10,000 ft

NorthNorth--South ExtentSouth Extentof Channel of Channel ““AA””

DelineationDelineation

Channel Channel ““AA””

Channel Channel ““BB””

FaultFault--Controlled ChannelControlled Channel

Point BarPoint Bar 1

0

Amplitude

analysis window length = 100ms

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Tuning Cube, Amplitude at Frequency = 26 hz

10,000 ft

NorthNorth--South ExtentSouth Extentof Channel of Channel ““AA””

DelineationDelineation

Channel Channel ““AA””

Channel Channel ““BB””

FaultFault--Controlled ChannelControlled Channel

Point BarPoint Bar 1

0

Amplitude

analysis window length = 100ms

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GEOFÍSICA do PETRÓLEO

Tecnologia GeofísicaLeo Nascimento

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Métodos Geofísicos MagnéticoRadiométricoEletromagnéticoGPRsensoreamento remotoGravitacionalSísmico

Agenda

Métodos Geofísicos MagnéticoRadiométricoEletromagnéticoGPRsensoreamento remotoGravitacionalSísmico

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Método Gravimétrico

LatitudeElevaçãoTopografiaMaréDensidade

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Correção LatitudeCorreção ElevaçãoCorreção Terreno

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Mapa Bouguer

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Mapa de ProfundidadeDo embasamento

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Metodo Sísmico

Princípio fisico Propagação de onda mecânica.Tipos de onda Corpo / SuperficieOndas Elásticas (corpo) Compressiva ( p )/Cisalhante ( s )Propagação Reflexão / TransmissãoObjetivo da aquisição Regional / semidetalhe / detalheTipos de aquisição Superficial / fundo do mar ( Ocean Bottom Cable ) / sismica de poço ( Vertical Seismic Profile )Metodologia de aquisição 2D; 3D; 4D;Ambiente Mar / terraReceptores Hidrofone / geofoneFontes sísmicas Canhão de ar / explosivosEquipamento de Registro SismógrafoMídias de gravação Fitas Magnéticas / discos rígidosModelos de negócios Contratados / Spec

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1º. Sismógrafo

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INCIDÊNCIA DE UMA ONDA SÍSMICA

Sen(Θ1) = Sen(Θ2) V1 V2

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O Sismograma

Geophones

* Seismic Energy Source

*Shot 1

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Sismograma

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Geophones*Shot 1

HV

D

E

2E2= (2H)2 + D2

Dividindo por V2

T2 = to2

+ (D/V)2

E

H

*

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A hipérbole

Hipérbole

t2 = t02 + D2/V2

t0

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V1 = 1500 m/s

V2 = 6000 m/s

V3 = 2800 m/s

V4 = 4000 m/s

OFFSET

CAÇIO

00:01

Offset

Tempo

(s)

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CAÇIO

00:02

Offset

Tempo

(s)

V1 = 1500 m/s

V2 = 6000 m/s

V3 = 2800 m/s

V4 = 4000 m/s

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CAÇIO

00:03

Offset

Tempo

(s)

V1 = 1500 m/s

V2 = 6000 m/s

V3 = 2800 m/s

V4 = 4000 m/s

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CAÇIO

01:00

Offset

Tempo

(s)

V1 = 1500 m/s

V2 = 6000 m/s

V3 = 2800 m/s

V4 = 4000 m/s

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Modelo com camada de alta velocidade

1500 m/s

6000 m/s

2800 m/s

4000 m/s

Dado Sintético

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What is really going on?

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What is really going on?

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Terrestre - Explosivo

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Geofones

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Aquisição