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8/10/2019 Tecnologia SDH
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TECNOLOGIA SDH
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Objectives
Introduction to SDH
Multiplexing
STM-1 frame
Virtual Containers (VCs)
TU coordinates
STM-N frame
SDH layers and trails
SDH network elements
SDH overhead Mapping
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INTRODUCCION
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What is SDH?
SDH = Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
It is a transport network
synchronous
fully standardized
with high bandwidth
for synchronous and asynchronous signals
for future broadband signals and new services
with standardized network management capabilities
with traffic protection with a flexible multiplexing structure
direct access to tributaries
cross-connections without demultiplexing
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NETWORK ELEMENTS
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Digital Transmission System
Regenerator
Recreates the signal
Multiplexer (MUX) Multiplexer combines data from
several lines and transmits it
over a higher-capacity data link
No signal
100 km
R
100 km
Regenerator
MUX MUX
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Multiplexer Naming Conventions
Terminal Multiplexer (TM) All traffic is terminated here. m: aggregate level n: lowest tributary level
Add-Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
Part of the traffic is terminated
Part of the traffic goes transparentlythrough
TM
m/n
aggregateADM
m/n
aggregateaggregate
tributaries
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Digital Cross-connect (DXC m/n)
No traffic is terminated
Cross-connection matrix
connects tributary signals of
one aggregate to another
aggregate
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
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PDH vs. SDH
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PDH vs. SDHBit Rates
SONET
(ANSI)
SDH
(ITU-T)
Data rate
(Mbps)STS-1 51.84
STS-3 STM-1 155.52STS-9 466.56
STS-12 STM-4 622.08STS-18 933.12
STS-24 1244.16
STS-36 1866.24
STS-48 STM-16 2488.32
STM-64 9953.28STM-256 39813.12
Hierarchy level USA Europe
0 64 kbit/s T0 64 kbit/s E0
1 1.544 Mbit/s T1 (24x) 2.048 Mbit/s E1 (32x)2 6.312 Mbit/s DS-2 (4x) 8.448 Mbit/s E2 (4x)3 44.736 Mbit/s DS-3 (7x) 34.368 Mbit/s E3 (4x)4 139.264 Mbit/s E4 (4x)
E1 (2.048 Mbit/s)
T1 (1.544 Mbit/s)
DS-2 (6.312 Mbit/s)
E3 (34.368 Mbit/s)
DS-3 (44.736 Mbit/s)
E4 (139.264 Mbit/s)
ATM
etc.
PDH
SDH TM STM-1
TM STM-4
TM STM-16
E1E0
E2
E3 E4plesiochronous
plesiochronous
plesiochronous
synchronous
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PDH vs. SDHAdd & Drop Function
Six TMs needed
to drop E1
One ADM is
enough to
drop E1
PDH SDH
E3
E3
E3
E2
E2
E1
E1
E1
E4 E4
E1 (2.048 kbit/s)
E2
TM4/3
TM3/2
TM2/1
TM2/1
TM3/2
TM4/3
ADM STM-4STM-4
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STM-1 FRAME
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STM-1 Frame
2430 bytes/frame 8 bit/byte 8000 frame/s = 155.52 Mbit/s
transmitted from left to right and top to bottom
9rows(by
tes)
9
5
261
270 columns (bytes)
3 RSOH
AU-4 pointers
MSOH
Payload VC-4 (HO-VC)
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C4 4. level 140 Mbit/s
C3 3. level 34/45 Mbit/s
C2 2. level 6 Mbit/s
C1.2 1. level 2 Mbit/s
C1.1 1. level 1.55 Mbit/s
Virtual Containers (VCs)
VC-3
VC-4
VC-12VC-11
VC-2
E1 (2.048 Mbit/s)
T1 (1.544 Mbit/s)
DS-2 (6.312 Mbit/s)
E3 (34.368 Mbit/s)
DS-3 (44.736 Mbit/s)
ATM cells
Mapping
E4 (139.264 Mbit/s)
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VC-4STM-N
N
3 1
3
7
139 264 kbit/s
44 736 kbit/s
34 368 kbit/s
6312 kbit/s
2048 kbit/s
Pointer processing
Multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
1544 kbit/s
CTPPassing connection
Contains: payload pointer...
TTPEnd of trail
Contains: path trace,
signal label, error detection
AUG AU-4
TUG-3
TUG-2
TU-3
TU-2
TU-12
VC-2
VC-3
VC-12
VC-11
C-4
C-3
C-2
C-12
C-11
1
C-n Container-n
SDH Multiplexing Structure (ETSI)
1
ITU-T
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VC-4STM-N N
3 1
3
7
139 264 kbit/s
Gb Ethernet
44 736 kbit/s
34 368 kbit/s
2048 kbit/s
Fast Ethernet
Pointer processing
Multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
AUG AU-4
TUG-3
TUG-2
TU-3
TU-12
VC-3
VC-12
C-4
C-3
C-12
C-n Container-n
Tellabs 6300 SDH Multiplexing Structure
1
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VC-4STM-N N
3
3
7
n x 8, n x 64 kbit/s
2048 kbit/s
n x 8, n x 64 kbit/s
Pointer processing
Multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
AUG AU-4
TUG-3
TUG-2 TU-2
TU-12
VC-2
VC-12
C-2
C-12
1
C-n Container-n
Tellabs 8100 SDH Multiplexing Structure
1
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RSOH
AU-4 pointers
MSOH
Payload
VC-4 (HO-VC)
KLM Coordinates
V
C
-
4
P
O
H
VC-2
VC-12
K
L
TU12-1 TU12-2 TU12-3
TUG3-1 TUG3-2 TUG3-3
TUG2-6
TUG2-7
TUG2-5
TUG2-4
TUG2-3
TUG2-1
TUG2-2
TUG-3 number (values 1-3)
TUG-2 number (values 0-7)
TU-12 number (values 0-3)
KLM: 170KLM: 152 KLM: 300
VC-3
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STM-N FRAME
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STM-N Frame
One SOH
AU pointers for every VC-4
N VC-4s
T1518000-95
4
3
1
9
5
270 Ncolumns (bytes)
9 N 261 N
STM-N payload9 rows
Section overheadSOH
Section overheadSOH
Administrative unit pointer(s)
Synchronous
Transport
Module
L ine Rate
Mbit/s
STM -1 155.520
STM -4 622.080
STM-16 2488.320
STM-64 9953.280
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Multiplexing of AU into STM-N
AU-4 is placed directly in the AUG
N AUGs are one-byte interleaved into STM-N withfixed phase
Figure 7-1/G.707
1 9
1 261
1 9
1 261
N 9 N 261
123...N123...N
T1518050-95
123 ... N
123...N123...N
AUG AUG
RSOH
MSOH
STM-N
#1 #N
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SDH TRAILS
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SDH Layers
PSTN ISDN ATM IP
Lower-Order
Higher-Order
Multiplex
Regenerator
Physical
Client
Server
OS, ES
RS
MS
HOP (VC-4)
LOP (VC-12, VC-2, VC-3)
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R R
LO Path
MS trail MStrail
RS
trail
RS
trail
RS
trail
RS
trail
MS trail
TM LO TM LOADM HO DXC LO
HO Path HO Path
SDH Trails 1(2)
Trail: Route between two Trail Termination Points (TTP)
TTP: Point where signal is terminated
RS trail: Regenerator Section trail (or just RS) is between regenerators
MS trail: Multiplex Section trail (or just MS) is between multiplexers
Path (P): Trail in path layer (HOP or LOP)
RS
trail
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SDH Trails 2(2)
HO
LO
MS
RS RS RSRS RS RS RS
MS MS MS MS
HO HO
RS RS RS
MS
HO
LO
RS trail RS trail RS trail RS trail RS trail
MS trail MS trailMS trail
HO path HO path
LO path
LO matrix LO matrix
HO matrix
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Regenerator
Regenerates the optical signal
Terminates RSOH
REG
STM-N STM-N
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Terminal Multiplexer
Terminates RSOH and MSOH
May terminate HOP and LOP overhead
Multiplexes/maps tributary signals
Includes timing and management functions
TMSTM-N
or
PDH
STM-M
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STM-N or PDH
STM-MSTM-M
ADM
Add/drop Multiplexer
Terminates RSOH and MSOH
May terminate HOP and LOP overhead
Includes connection function between the twoaggregates
Multiplexes/maps tributary signals
Includes a connection function for allocation of TUs
within the STM frame
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Cross-connect
Terminates RSOH and MSOH
Includes connection function between theaggregates
Can have tributary ports, for which it may
terminate HOP and LOP overhead
STM-N or PDH
STM-MSTM-M DXC
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STM-16
STM-4
STM-1
STM-16
STM-4
STM-1
SDXC 4/1
Example of Cross-connect (XC)
16 x
4 x
1 x
16 x
4 x
1 x
SDHmultiplexer
AUG
VC-4
34 (45) Mbit/s2(1.5) Mbit/s
VC-12 VC-3
HOXC
LOXC
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RSOH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
RSOH 1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 NU1 NU2
RSOH 2 B1 R1 R2 E1 R3 U1 F1 NU3 NU4RSOH 3 D1 R4 R5 D2 R6 U2 D3 U3 U4PTR 4 H1 Y1 Y2 H2 1 1 H3 H3 H3
MSOH 5 B2 B2 B2 K1 U5 U6 K2 U7 U8MSOH 6 D4 U9 U10 D5 U11 U12 D6 U13 U14MSOH 7 D7 U15 U16 D8 U17 U18 D9 U19 U20MSOH 8 D10 U21 U22 D11 U23 U24 D12 U25 U26MSOH 9 S1 Z12 Z13 Z21 Z22 M1 E2 NU5 NU6
A1, A2 framing patterns (F6H), (28H)
J0 regenerator section Trail Trace Identifier (TTI)
B1 BIP-8 parity byte
E1 RS orderwire channel (service telephone)
F1 user (network operator) data channel D1, D2, D3 regenerator section Data Communication Channel
(DCCR)
NU1, NU2, NU3, NU4 bytes reserved for national use
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 media specific bytes (e.g. radio link)
U1, U2, U3, U4 bytes with no defined use
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MSOH1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
RSOH 1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 NU1 NU2
RSOH 2 B1 R1 R2 E1 R3 U1 F1 NU3 NU4RSOH 3 D1 R4 R5 D2 R6 U2 D3 U3 U4PTR 4 H1 Y1 Y2 H2 1 1 H3 H3 H3
MSOH 5 B2 B2 B2 K1 U5 U6 K2 U7 U8MSOH 6 D4 U9 U10 D5 U11 U12 D6 U13 U14MSOH 7 D7 U15 U16 D8 U17 U18 D9 U19 U20MSOH 8 D10 U21 U22 D11 U23 U24 D12 U25 U26MSOH 9 S1 Z12 Z13 Z21 Z22 M1 E2 NU5 NU6
B2 BIP-24 parity bytes
K1, K2 Automatic Protection Switching (APS) channel, bit orientedprotocol (bits 1-5), Remote Defect Indication (RDI) (bits 6-8)
D4 to D12 multiplex section Data Communication Channel (DCCM)
S1 synchronization status (bits 5-8)
M1 Remote Error Indication (REI)
E2 MS orderwire channel (service telephone)
NU5, NU6 bytes reserved for national use
U5 to U26 bytes with no defined use
Z12, Z13, Z21, Z22 bytes with no defined use
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VC-4 and VC-3 POH
P O H
J 1
B 3
C 2
G 1
F2
H 4
F3
K 3
N 1
J1 Trail Trace Identifier
B3 Parity BIP-8
C2 Signal label (C2), used for payload type identification
G1 Path status
REI Remote Error IndicationRDI Remote Defect Indication
F2 Network operator (user) channel
H4 Multiframe indicator, a sequence indicating
TU-multiframe phase (position of VC-12/VC-2)F3 Network operator (user) channel
K3 Automatic Protection Switching (bits 1-4)
N1 Tandem Connection Monitoring TCM, optional use in
multioperator environments
REI RD
I
Reserv
ed
Spar
e
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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VC-2 and VC-12 POH
J2 Trail Trace Identifier
N2 Tandem Connection Monitoring TCM, optional use in
multioperator environmentsK4 Automatic Protection Switching (bits 1-4), additional
information for RDI (bits 5-7) (optional)
V5 Signal monitoring
Parity BIP-2
Remote Error Indication (REI)
Remote Failure Indication (RFI), only for VC-11 (not in ETSI)
Signal label (SL)
Remote defect indication (RDI)
POH
V5 J 2 N2 K 4
V5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B IP-2 B IP-2 REI RFI SL SL SL RDI
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PDH OVER SDH
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PDH over SDH
Container (C) Basic payload unit
Virtual Container (VC)
C + POH (pathoverhead)
Tributary Unit (TU)
VC + pointer
The pointer indicatesthe start of the VC
and allows dynamic
alignment of the VC
ithi th TU f
Justification bytes
C12
POH
Path OverheadVC12
Container
POH
TU PointerTU12
Virtual Container
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