Unit 3 LEISURE ACTIVITIES. CONTENTS I. In-class reading. II. After-class reading. III. Exercises

• Unit 3

LEISURE ACTIVITIES

CONTENTS

I. In-class reading.

II. After-class reading.

III. Exercises.

IN-CLASS READING

ETERTAINING HUMOR

-WHAT’S FUNNY?

beyond the reach of

无法达到（得到、理解等）• Riches and fame are beyond the reach of

most of us.

• It’s a few inches beyond my reach.

within (the) reach of

能得到（达到、拿到）• Food and water were left within reach of t

he sick dog.

• Luxuries are not within the reach of the poor.

• to flash a smile

• to live a happy life

• to dream a beautiful dream

• to smile a cheerful smile

• to grin like a Cheshire cat

entertain v.

• (1)    款待（客人）、请客、招待

• He entertained his friends to dinner yesterday.

• She entertained us with refreshments ( 点心 ).

entertain

• (2)    使……快乐、使感兴趣

• The clown entertained the children with all kinds of tricks.

• His jokes entertained us throughout the party.

entertain

• (3)    怀有（感情），怀抱（怀疑、希望等）

• He entertained a belief that his son would rise in the world.

• People entertained great expectations of him.

entertainment n.

(1) 接待、招待、款待；• She was busy preparing for the entertainm

ent of the guests.

(2) 游艺、演艺• They gives a musical entertainment.

entertaining a. 使人愉快的、有趣的、快乐的• The story is entertaining.

• entertainer n. 演艺者、艺人

analyze v. 分析、研讨

• We analyzed the causes of our failure.

analysis n. 分析

• I have been very much pleased by your analysis of the situation.

• His analyses were always convincing.

analytical/ analytic 　 a.

• 分析的，解析的• A chess player must have an analytic min

d.

• Analysis of the material by analytical chemists showed that it contained magnesium oxide.

analyst n. 分析者，分析的人

range from ... to ...

• Sentences today range from 5 or 6 words to 70, with the majority not far from 20.

• Her children range from 3 to 18 in age.

appeal to

（ 1 ）投合（兴趣或心意） The book doesn’t appeal to children.

（ 2 ）诉诸，求助于• I shall appeal to force if you don’t obey m

e.

lie in 在于

• The solution lies in social and political reform.

• The humor lies in the fact that he is saying that his wife is not a lady.

否定词 not 的否定范围

All his children are not at school.

None of his children are at school.

I don’t know everything about her.

I know nothing about her.

I don’t know anything about her.

not 与 believe, think, suppose expect 等词连用，后跟宾语从句，会发生否定转移。

• I don’t think he is a student.

• I don’t believe he is telling the truth.

not 在复合句中，有时否定主句，有时否定从句。

He did not come because he lost his

way.

I do not read the book because I like

it. I have to write a book report.

not & no

no less than 多达、有……之多

• Its estimated population is no less than 182,000.

• He walks no less than five miles to school.

no less ... than ...

…… 与……一样、不比……差• A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a

dog is. ( 海 豚 和 狗 同 样 都 是 聪 明 的 动物。 )

• I am no less satisfied than she is. ( 我和她都感到满意。 )

no more than

• 仅仅……；只不过• She ate no more than a slice of toast for brea

kfast.

• The theatre was no more than a painted barn ( 库房 ).

no more ... than

• （文语）……与……一样不……• He is no more a good player than I am. （他

和我都不是优秀运动员。）• I am no more satisfied than she is. （我和她

都不满意。）

in advance 事先、提前

• There’s no reason why you shouldn’t tell them in advance that you are going.

• They will pay a hundred and thirty francs in advance.

How come ...?

•   …… 是怎么回事？

• How come they left you in the dark?

• How come you are late?

note

• She sat quietly in the corner making careful notes.

• I made a note of her address and phone number.

• People were beginning to take note of her talent. (pay careful attention to)

alternate

(1)a. （两个）交替的、轮流的；间隔的、互相的• It is a week of alternate rain and sunshine.

• My sister and I do dishes on alternate days. ( 姐姐和我每隔一天轮流洗盘子。 )

• We study English on alternate days. ( 我们每隔一天学习英语。 )

alternate

• (2)  v. （使）交互、（使）交替• Day alternates with night. • She alternated between running and walking.

• alternating current—direct current 交流电 直流电

alternative

(1)  a. （两者或两者以上）选其一的、非此即彼的；替代的

• I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.

• The way was blocked, so we had to go by an alternative road.

alternative

• (2)  n. （两者或两者以上）选择；二选一

• You have the alternative of speaking or of keeping quiet.

• I had no money, so I had no alternative but to stay at home.

vary v.

• (1) 改变、变更、变化

• Her mood varies from day to day.

• A good driver varies the speed of his car according to the condition of the roads.

vary

• (2) （在……方面）相异、不同、成形形色色• These sweaters vary in color.

• Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.

variety n. 多变化、多样性；各种各样、形形色色

• We want to have variety in our lives.

• There are a wide variety of people on the earth.

variation n. 变化、变动、变化的量；差异、差别；变形、变种

• There is a big variation in that hotel’s room charges according to the season.

• Farther from the sea, the variation in temperature is greater.

• They say that this game is a variation of tennis.

variable

• (1)    n. 变量、可变物• Have you taken all the variables into account i

n your calculation?

• There are several variables that could change our plans.

•  

variable

• (2) a. 易变的、变化无常的；能变的、可变的

• I agree that the weather here is extremely variable.

variant

(1)  n. 变种、变体、由……演变而来• The plant is a variant of the common type.

• The song is just a variant of an old folk tune.

variant

(2)  a. 变化而来的

• “Travelling” is a variant spelling of “traveling”.

• “Rhyme” is a variant spelling of “rime”.

variance n. 有分歧、有差异

• The two sisters have been at variance for years.

• This theory is at variance with all that is known on the subject.

concern

• He’s concerned that he won’t get the money back. (worried )

• Everyone concerned in the incident was questioned by the police.

(involved, affected)

clarify v. 澄清（意义、问题等）、变得清晰明了

• The explanation in the note clarified the difficult sentence.

• An example will help to clarify what I mean.

clarification n.

澄清（问题等）、阐明、说明• We need more clarification of your plans b

efore we can promise to support you.

clarity n. 清澈、清晰

• The news commentator analyzed the situation with clarity.

• The clarity of the spring water was amazing.

be blamed for

• 被怪罪、被埋怨、对……负责• I object to being blamed for something I did

not do.

• The accountant was blamed for the mistakes.

alive

• It was really a bad accident --- they’re lucky to be alive.

• It was the kind of morning when you wake up and feel really alive. ( active and happy)

• Ancient traditions are still very much alive in rural areas. (continuing to exist)

persist v.

(1)  （信念等）坚持、固执、固守• Does he always persist in his opinion like that?• She persisted in taking her dog with her. (2) 持续、耐久；存留• The stormy weather will persist for a couple of

days.

• persistent a. （人、行为）不屈不挠的；（事物）持久的

• persistence n. 毅力；坚韧不拔、不屈不挠；固执、坚持；持久性

insist v. 主张、坚持；硬要

• He insisted that he was innocent.

• He insisted on going there.

• We insisted that he (should) come to the party.

EXERCISES

• 1. Relatives are _______ for the safety of the hostages on the plane.

• 2. We had an exceptionally ______ winter last year, with few days of freezing cold.

• 3. It’s a ______ washing liquid and won’t do too much harm to your skin.

• 4. The hostage was shot dead on the spot when he made an __________ to escape.

• 5. I had 50 students altogether, their ages ______ from 19 to 65.

• 6. Girls cannot resist the charm of those mature and _____________ men. That’s why men don’t worry about getting old.

•

• 7. It’s a _________ belief that being born pretty and staying pretty will always prove to be highly rewarding to a girl.

• 8. Once the _________ trust between friends is destroyed, the friendship can go nowhere.

• 9. As far as I am _________, I don’t care about how people look at me.

• 10. Everyone _________ should be informed of the latest development of the situation as as to make corresponding decisions.

• 11. If you _________ in offending your boss, you might risk losing this job.

AFTER-CLASS READING

I. UNDERWATER CONCERT

combine with

• 与……化合、与……结合起来• One atom of carbon combines with two ato

ms of oxygen to form a molecule of carbon dioxide.

• Some films combine education with recreation.

compare to

• (1) 把……和……比较• Compared to many women, she was indeed very

fortunate. • It was a small place then compared to what it is n

ow. • (2) 把……比喻成……• Man’s life is often compared to a candle. • Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.

compare with

• They considered this speech mild compared with his former ones.

• Compared with what he had already, the new stamps were not very interesting.

compare n.

• The little girl is lovely beyond compare.

• The greatness of Shakespeare is without compare.

surface v.

• Fish were surfacing to catch insects.

• He doesn’t usually surface until 10 o’clock. ( to wake up or get out of bed and make one’s first appearance of the day.)

submerge

1 (1) 把……沉入水中 The submarine submerged to a depth o

f fifty meters.

(2) 使浸满、浸没 He was submerged in debt.

experiment with

• 作试验、试用• The man is experimenting with dyes to get

the color he wants.

• In order to discover the crops most suitable to the soil, they experimented with various kinds of grains.

inspire v.

(1)    振奋、鼓舞、激励• We were inspired by his speech.

• The March of Volunteers has inspired Chinese people from generation to generation.

• His friend’s words inspired him to try again.

inspire

• (2)    引发（某人）的（感情、思想等）• The father inspired confidence in his son.

• The father inspired his son with confidence.

• (3)    赋予……灵感• The memory of his childhood inspired his f

irst novel.

inspiration n.

灵感、启发；使人鼓舞的人或事；想法、主意• The painter’s inspiration was drawn from n

ature.

• Such a life is an inspiration to all of us.

• Jim had an inspiration; “Let’s go by canoe,” he said.

conspire v.

策划阴谋、共谋• The criminals conspired to rob a bank.

• A young policeman has been accused of conspiring with a gang of criminals.

aspire v.

热望、渴望、憧憬• He aspired to become a doctor.

• He aspired after knowledge.

• He aspired to the highest position.

radical a.

• (1) 根本的、基本的、彻底的 (thorough)

• radical improvements, radical change

• (2)  过激的、激进的、极端的 (extreme)

• the radical party, a radical idea

conservative a. 保守的

• He is very conservative and does not like things to change.

• She always has conservative opinions.

optional a. 可自由选择的、任意的；选修的

Evening dress is optional.

You don’t have to have this radio in your new car; it’s an optional extra.

They are optional subjects at school.

compulsive, obligatory a.

强制的、必修的• School attendance is compulsory for childr

en.

• Military service is compulsory in many countries.

be limited to

• 局限于、限制于• Her food was limited to bread and water.

• Our holidays are limited to two weeks a year.

• 1. I only had a _______ idea about what was going on since I was only a child.

• 2. In order to stimulate economy, our government has carried out _____ reform of the banking system.

• 3. Digital technology has _______ people’s way of living.

• 4. Arts is only a(n) ____ course. You don’t have to take it if you are occupied.

• 5. It is a well-accommodated hotel, ____ everything you need ranging from toothbrush to kitchen utensils.

• 6. They had been keeping ____ each other for several years before he formally proposed a marriage.

• 7. _____ Albert Einstein, no scientist is justified in being self-conceited for his achievement or success.

• 8. The officer _____ his men to be brave.

• 9. The truth will eventually _____ to prove our innocence.

• 10. There was a nice little present for everyone with a suitable poem _____.

AFTER-CLASS READING

II. FATAL ATTRACTION

reveal v.

(1) （向……）剖析、揭露（事实、秘密等）、告诉、泄露

• The truth will be revealed someday.

• Research revealed that the bird was on the brink of extinction (濒临灭绝 ).

• The fact revealed him as an honest man.

reveal

• (2) 显露出（隐藏之物）、现出• His worn pants revealed his knees. • Little by little he revealed his ambition

s.

commit a crime

• A violent crime was committed every 32 seconds.

• They have committed many horrible crimes against the American people.

shortage of

缺乏、不足（可数、不可数）• Shortage of skilled workers is our main diff

iculty.

• Shortage of manpower is the chief cause of the delay at the factory.

restore v.

• (1) 使。。。恢复，使。。。回复• His health is entirely restored.

• Law and order was quickly restored in New York after the destruction of the World Trade building.

restore v.

• (2)归还，交还• You should restore borrowed books on time.

• The stolen goods have been restored to their owners.

restore v.

• (3)修复，重建• The local government restored the old build

ing to its original form.

convict v.

• 宣告（某人）犯（……的）罪，判决有罪• The prisoner was convicted of murder. • The fingerprints found on the gun were

used to convict her.

conviction n.

(1) 定罪； (2) 信念、相信； (3) 说服力• He had a conviction for drunken

driving.

• It’s my conviction that he is right.

• His talk carries little conviction.

add ... to 增加

• She added sugar to her tea.

• add up to

affection for

• 对……的深挚的感情• He retained a tender affection for his wife

to the end of his life.

• She had a great affection for the town where she grew up.

school n.

(1) 学校（指设施、校舍、建筑物）• a primary school, a high school (2) (指学校教育之意的 ) 学校、学业；授课、上课• He finished school last year. • Children begin school at the age of six. (3)(单复数同形 ) 全校学生、（包括职员的）全校• The whole school went to see the game. • The whole school was talking about the new library.

school

• (4)  ( 艺术、学问等的 )派，学派• the Impressionist school (印象派 )

• The scholar doesn’t belong to any school.

• (5) (大学的 ) 学院、学系、研究所• the law school ( 法学院 ) ， the business s

chool (商学院 )

take on

• (1) 接受、从事（某工作）• You should never take on more than you can do. • After his father died, Bill took on the management

of the factory. • (2) 雇佣• The college is taking on more staff. • Is the supermarket taking on any more assistants?

take on

• (3) 开始具有、获得• His writing has taken on a very peculiar

style.

• After the students put up Christmas decorations, the classroom took on a holiday appearance.

exert v.

发挥（能力、技术等）、运用、使受（影响等）

• He exerted all his strength.

• She exerted a lot of pressure on me.

• Jerry exerted himself to please the new girl.

• 1. Thousands of people _______ (gathered) in front of the embassy protesting against the brutal bombing.

• 2. My baby daughter is fond of watching TV advertisements which are delicately made with ______________ (various kinds of) colors.

• 3. Little boys all like to take their toys apart and then make efforts to __________ ( put together) them again. They are never tired of this.

• 4. In real life, things are not always _______ (expected). You need to make changes accordingly.

• 5. _________ (on condition that) you don’t lose heart, you will find a chance in the end.

• 6. The exhibition had been going on ______ (smoothly) when suddenly someone detected that one of the paintings was a fake one.

• 7. A friend is someone with whom you find all your troubles _________. (disappear)

• 8. We are coming to the end of the project, with only a few _______ (parts incomplete or improperly done) waiting ahead.

• 9. So long as the two parties compromise, peace is likely to be ________. (return to the former condition)

• 10. Mike Tyson was still the focus of publicity even ____________ (when kept by the police) and in prison.

AFTER-CLASS READING

III. WOW, WOULD I LOVE TO DO THAT

back and forth 来回地

• He was walking back and forth along the corridor.

• The chair is rocking back and forth.

• imagine

• imagination

• imaginable

• imaginary

• imaginative

imagine v.

• (1) 想象、设想• Can you imagine life on the moon?• As I lie in bed I like to imagine that I am in a spac

e-ship. • I can’t imagine you doing anything disgraceful. • (2) 认为、想、感觉• Don’t imagine that you are the only person in trou

ble. • I imagine that you are tired from the journey.

imaginative a.

富有想象力的、表现出想象力的• The imaginative child made up fairy stories.

• All imaginative creation is a reflection of the real world.

imaginable a.

可以想象出的• He is the most suitable person imagin

able.

• They tried every imaginable means.

imaginary a.

想象出来的、虚构的• All the characters in the book are imaginar

y.

• This story is not real. Instead, it is only imaginary.

•  

be scared to death

• He was scared to death by the sudden barking of a dog.

• She was scared to death by the thunder.

in no time

• 不要多久、马上• I’m sure that I could learn typing and shorth

and in no time.

• I’ll be back in no time.

catch on

• (1) 受欢迎、变得风行起来、被大家接受• Do you think this fashion will catch on?

• The song caught on and was sung and played everywhere.

• (2) 理解、了解、熟悉情况• Would you mind repeating what you said? I

didn’t quite catch on.

catch at

设法抓住• After the man fell overboard, he caught at

a rope thrown to him. Unfortunately he missed it and sank.

• They catch at every opportunity to make money.

make up

• (1)  创造、编造• John made up that joke about the talking dog. • Not having a good excuse for being late, Sally ma

de one up. • (2)    和解、言归于好• Mary and Joan quarreled, but made up after a whi

le. • Did he make up to you?

make up

• (3) 弥补、补考、把……补上• John must make up the work he missed. • Because you were ill, you will have to make up th

e final exam. • (4) 包好（包）、铺好（床）、缝制（衣物） Your mother has made up a parcel of toys for you. • I had a bed made up for me on the sofa.

make up

• (5)构成、占• What are the qualities that ideally should m

ake up a man’s character?

• Moslems make up 40 percent of the European Common Market foreign work force.

try out

• 试用、试验• I’ll try it out and see whether it works.

• May I try out this ball-point pen, please?

try for

设法争取（得到）• With a school record like yours I’m puzzled

why you didn’t try for a university scholarship.

• He thought of trying for a position in the government.

back v.

• She backed the car through the gate.

• Many countries have promised to back the American government in fighting against terrorism.

back out

• 不遵守（诺言）、改变主意• Once you have given your word, don’t try t

o back out.

• He agreed to help us but backed out when he found how difficult it was.

back down

退让、退回来、撤销（要求等）• The speaker’s forceful words persuaded his

opponent to back down.

• Even those who seemed to have good reason to criticize have backed down.

back up

支持；堵塞；往后退• He backed up his arguments with facts.

• The accident backed up the traffic.

• You’ll have to back up and turn around.

fall back on

( 在必要时 )依靠、求助于• In an emergency we can always fall back

on our savings.

• It’s good to have a friend to fall back on.

resume v.

• (1) 重新开始、继续（中断的事情）• They resumed discussion after a short break. • I prepared to resume reading. • The meeting will resume at 7:00.• (2) 再次取得……、取回、再次占有• He resumed his former position with the company.

• He resumed his seat after his speech.

get through

• (1) 做完、办完、看完• I will be with you as soon as I get through t

his work. • I got through the book in one evening. • (2) 通过（考试）、通过（议案）• I get through everything except biology. • The members of parliament united to get th

e bill through.

get through

• (3) 给……接通电话、被接通• At the fifth attempt the operator got me thr

ough to New York.

• (4) 度过、用完• His Sundays were difficult to get through.

• She got through her husband’s money in a year.

get through

• (5)穿过、漏进去• You would wonder how such a large animal

could get through such a small hole.

• The water gets through every time it rains.

•

• 1. The boss is easygoing. If you are really not feeling well, you can ask for a ______.

• 2. Many companies prefer to employ boys, considering that girls have the problem of asking for _______ with pay once they enter motherhood.

• 3. I have formed the habit of pacing _________ in the room when thinking hard.

• 4. How can you expect me to ________ to the new rules in a day?

• 5. The song ___________ and was sung and played everywhere.

• 6. For your speech, why not _____ it ____ on us? We will be attentive audience.

• 7. Passengers help me to ______ the bus ____.

• 8. For a beginner like me, it is no easy to ________my car out of the parking lot.

• 9. They established a first-class primary school with the government- ______ loan.

• 10. I had to ________________ when he came out the first in the exam unexpectedly.

• EXERCISES

FOR THE WHOLE UNIT

1.He also conceived that the solar system and the universe ___________ into existence by a natural process and would disappear one day.

a. would come b. had come

c. came d. had been coming

2.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, __________ a sudden loud noise.

a. being there b. should there be

c. there was d. there having been

3.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ____________ in the outside world.

a. being lost b. having lost

c. losing d. lost

4.The article opens and closes with description of two news reports, each ___________ one major point in contrasting with the other.

a. makes b. made

c. is to make d. making

5.The number of registered participants in this year’s

Marathon was half ________.

a. of last year’s b. those of last year’s

c. that of last year’s d. of those

6.How often have you queued for ______ seemed like hours at the booking office before you can get a train ticket?

a. what b. which c. that d. when

7.Codes are a way of writing something in secret; ____________, anyone who does not know the code will not be able to read it.

a.that is b.worse still c. in short

d. on the other hand

8.If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, _____________ would be getting sick.

a. a lot of more us b. more a lot of us

c. a lot of us more d. a lot more of us

9. You seem to take a keener interest in the subject _______ has ever been shown before.

a. as b. that c. which d. than

10.As neither of us would give in, the bargain _____.

a. fell into b. fell over c. fell through d. fell back on

11.I like to have my reference books ______.

a. beyond my reach b. out of the reach

c. within the reach d. within my reach

12.Despite hardships, she ____ in her efforts to get a college education.

a. persisted b. insisted c. consisted d. resisted

13. She felt this was the _____ way out of this oddly sinister situation.

a. sensitive b. sensible c. sensory d. sentimental

14.The amount of heat produced by this electrical apparatus is ____ at will by turning a small handle.

a. variable b. vast c. variant d. valuable

15.Diodes are electronic devices which rectify _____ current to direct current.

a.alternative b. alternate

c. alternating d. alternatively

16.It offers a simple way of _____ basic grammatical concepts.

a.confirming b. conforming

c. clarifying d. claiming

18.The main point of the discussion is being ______ by unimportant details.

a.submerged b. submitted

c. subjected d. subdivided

19.A young policeman has been accused of _______ with a gang of criminals.

a. conspiring b. inspiring

c. aspiring d. respiring

20.Burke compared the parks of London _____ the lungs of the human body.

a. with b. to c. between d. in

21.The family _____ their prejudice when they refused to associate with their new neighbor.

a. assembled b. revealed c. shattered d. explored

22.My wife’s been ______ a lot of pressure on me to change my job.

a.exerting b.occupying c.convicting d. committing

23. “I’m not going forever,” her voice was soft, full of kindness and ______.

a. obsession b. instinct

c. hierarchy d. affection

24.I’m afraid we are very busy and can’t ____ get your TV set _____ this evening.

a. get ... back b. get ... through

c. get ... away d. get ... over

25. This new fashion has ____ with young people.

a. caught up b. caught hold of

c. caught up d. caught on

26. He had a good deal of evidence to _______ his story.

a. back on b. back down

c. back out d. back up

27. I don’t think I have a particular good chance of getting the job, but it is certainly worth ______.

a. trying for b. trying on

c. trying out d. trying

28.The violinist resumed _____ after intermission.

a. play b. to play c. playing d. played

29. As soon as it started to rain we turned around and ___ home.

a. made out b. make up

c. made up for d. made for

30.The heart is _____ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.

a. not so b. not much

c. much more d. no more