View
220
Download
3
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
NICOLA LAMADDALENA
Head of Land and Water Dept.
CIHEAM – IAM Bari
Roma, 5 Marzo 2015
Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale
USO RAZIONALE DELLE RISORSE IDRICHE IN
AGRICOLTURA PER UNO SVILUPPO
SOSTENIBILE
NEXUS
CIBO, ACQUA, ENERGIA NELLO SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE
Freshwater resources: current (2003) and
predicted (2030) water withdrawal (km3)
South Asia East and
Southeast
Asia
Latin America
and the
Caribbean
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Middle East
and North
Africa
Renewable water resources
Water withdrawal, 2030
13 570
9 083
3 884 1 947
371
Water withdrawal, 2003
265 1 052
1 301
161
121
1 397
1 034
403 298
263
Withdrawal remains low in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa.
South Asia and the Middle East and North Africa are already under water
scarcity
Augment “supply” & conserve “quality”
PROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCES
IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN
WATER SUPPLY WATER DEMAND
INCREASING FIX AND
LIMITED
SOURCE:
Hamdy, 2005
PAST STRATEGY
• In the last 40 years the policy
choices privileged the big
hydraulic infrastructures in
irrigation giving priorities to the
quantitative aspect rather than the
qualitative (Supply Management).
DİYARBAKIR
MARDİN
MARDİN-CEYLANPINAR
PLAIN
SİVEREK-HİLVAN
IRRIGATION PROJECT
KRALKIZI-DİCLE
IRRIGATION
YAYLAK PLAIN
IRRIGATION
BOZOVA PUMPING
IRRIGATION
SİLOPİ PLAIN
IRRIGATION
ADIYAMAN-KAHTA
PROJECT
ADIYAMAN-GÖKSU-
ARABAN PROJECT
ŞANLIURFA-HARRAN PLAIN IRRIGATION
SURUÇ PLAIN
IRRIGATION
CİZRE-İDİL-NUSAYBIN
PLAINS IRRIGATION
ATATÜRK
BİRECİK
DİCLE
KRALKIZI
KEBAN
KARKAMIŞ
KARAKAYA
ILISU
CİZRE
GARZAN
BATMAN
KAYSER
SİLVAN
BATMAN
IRRIGATION
ŞANLIURFA
GARZAN IRRIGATION
GAZİANTEP
PROJECT
IN OPERATION
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
INVESTMENT PROGRAM
PLANNING AND FINAL DESIGN
IN OPERATION
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
REST
SİİRT
ŞIRNAK
ADIYAMAN
DEVEGEÇİDİ
ÇINAR-GÖKSU
MALATYA
DERİK
HANCAĞIZ
KAYACIK
ÇAMGAZİ
HACIHIDIR
Turkey (project GAP) Water Distribution plan
PRESENT STRATEGIES
• The current policy choices highlighted the
importance of Operation, Maintenance
and Management activities (DEMAND
MANAGEMENT)
–Technical approaches (improving WUE
at the whole chain of the system, use of
unconventional waters, use of new
technologies, ....)
– Institutional approaches (PIM, Capacity
Building,…)
WATER LOSSES IN IRRIGATION IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN BASIN (%)
LOSSES IN THE ON-
FARM SYSTEM
LOSSES IN THE
DISTRIBUTION and
CONVEYANCE SYSTEM WATER USED BY
THE CROPS
ELABORATION:
APPLICATION LOSSES
AT FARM LEVEL
Simulated soil-water balance for TABLE GRAPES according to the
rotational delivery schedule conducted by the Water Users Association
504 mm
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
0123456789
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Time (h)
Dis
charg
e (l/s
)
IDROGRAMMA DEI PRELIEVI
ESEMPIO DI STIMA DEGLI SPRECHI
DI ACQUA VIRTUALE IN PUGLIA
Popolazione: 4.000.000 ab
Superficie: 20.000 Km2
Fabbisogno calorico: 2000 kcal/ab/g
Media: 1 kcal = 1 litro acqua (stima FAO, 2010)
Nel Mondo si spreca mediamente il 30% di cibo quindi, in
termini di acqua (virtuale), in Puglia si sprecano mediamente:
2000 l/ab/g x 0.30 = 600 l/ab/g
600 x 4.000.000 : 1000 = 2.400.000 m3/g
2.400.000 x 365 = 876.000.000 m3/anno
PARI ALL’INTERO FABBIGNO IRRIGUO DELLE COLTURE
IN PUGLIA !
Recommended