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the monologue of Sassanian kings: aninterpretation of Iranian historical reliefs
Sassanian empire
•Were Sassanid totalitarians?
• Raffaele Pettazzoni (1954:213) Essays on the history of religions "And like Zoroastrianism, which ended by becoming the totalitarian State religion in Persia under the Sassanids, as Christianity did in the Roman Empire." "Islam and Conflict Resolution: Theories and Practices" edited by Ralph H. Salmi, Cesar Adib Majul, George George Kilpatrick Tanham (1998) , The roots of western Europe: an essay on interpenetration of cultures during the first nine centuries, A.D. : with an epilogue covering cultural developments from the 10th to the 20th century (Jacques Rassel 1995).
Bahrani, Zeinab, Rituals of War: the body and
violence in Mesopotamia, New York:
Zone Books, 2008.
Ardeshir I– 224-241
AD
SHAPUR I– 241-271
AD
Hormoz I– 272-273
AD
Bahram I- 273-276 AD
Bahram II- 276-293 AD
Narse-293-302 AD
Shapur II- 310-379 AD
Bahram V-421-439 AD
Bahram V-531-579 AD
Khosrow Parviz – 591-628 AD
Yazdgerd III– 632-651 AD
Kartir inscriprions (3th Century A.D.)
Naghs rajab:
kartir: I destroyed the temples of
Ashmough, the ones who were not
Zorastorians
Sarmashhad
inscription :
I helped the clergy
men to build
Zoroastrian temples..…
Naghsh Rostam :
the story of Kartir’s
travel to heaven and his
attempts to omit all Ashmoug
hs
Shapur I
Valerianus
Philip
Kartir in Sarmashhad: I changed the minorities religion
to Zoroastrian in a region where "the horses and the men of the
king existed "
Kartir and Shapur about the victories
on Romans and Ashmough
• …and in Aniran shahr: from antiyukhous, Syria, Kilikia, Qeysaria, Capadoukia…to Alan Gate , king of kings Shapour and his men and their horses took all these regions. Shapour marauded slaves, fired and ruined everywhere. I,Ketir, obeying king of kings , supported moqan and fires…
Two words • Ashmough: in Kartir inscription , the Jews,
Christians, Buddhists, and Zenadigh have been called Ashmough
• Anirani: used by Shapur I to name the foreigners
Shapur II/III – Tagh Bostan :
This is me! Lord Shapour, worshiper of Ahouramazda, the king of Iran and Aniran king of kings, the son of the gods…to recognize our name ,bravery, heroism and our reign after this, we commanded to write these points…
Firoozabad- Ardeshir and Ahuramazda
Naghsh Rajab- Shapur and Ahuramazda
Khosrow and two gods- Tagh Bostan
21
Ardaviraf name (a religious book about a :travel to heaven)
In heaven, I saw the spirits of soldiers where they had
golden weapons….
•Thank you
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