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ANCIENTCARIBBEAN
John M. \yeeksPeter J. Ferbel
GARLAND PUBLISHING, INC.New York & London / 1994
CONTENTS
Illustrations xxvii
Tables xxviii
Series Editor's Preface xxix
INTRODUCTION
Peoples and Places of the Contemporary Caribbean xxxi
Peoples and Places of the Ancient Caribbean xxxiii
Why Is So Little Known About the Ancient Caribbean? xxxiv
Are There American Indians Still Living in the Caribbean? xxxvi
Summary of Caribbean Prehistory xxxvii
Preceramic Cultures xxxix
Ceramic Cultures xl
Hispano-Indian Contact: Textual Evidence xlii
Indian Cultures at Spanish Contact: The Taino xlii
Indian Cultures at Spanish Contact: The Carib xlv
Indian Responses to Contact and Conquest xlv
Resources for the Study of the Ancient Caribbean xlvi
Museums and Research Collections xlvii
Literature of the Caribbean Past and Present
Journals bti
Arrangement and Content of the Bibliography lxv
Basic Literature of the Ancient Caribbean
INTRODUCTION TO THE ANCIENT CARIBBEAN 3
General (Entries 1-18) 3
Bibliography (Entries 19-23) 6
vi Ancient Caribbean
Museum Collections (Entries 24-38) 7
Biography (Entries 39-40) 10
Environment (Entries 41-44) 10
Linguistics (Entries 45-128) 11
Classification (Entries 57-77) 12
" Historical Linguistics (Entries 78-83) 14
Phonology (Entries 84-93) 15
Grammar (Entries 94-101) 16
Morphology (Entries 102-104) 17
Semantics (Entries 105-114) 17
Vocabulary (Entries 115-116) 18
Sociolinguistics (Entries 117-128) 18
"Ethnography (Entries 129-133) 19
Ethnohistory (Entries 134-219) 20
Collections of Documents (Entries 154-159) 24
Archivo General de Indias, Seville (Entry 160) 25
Jose de Acosta (Entry 161) 26
Pietro Martire d'Anghiera (Entry 162) 26
Girolamo Benzoni (Entry 163) 26
Jacques Bouton (Entry 164) 26
Theodore de Bry (Entries 165-167) 27
Diego Alvarez Chanca (Entries 168-169) 27
Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix (Entry 170) 27
Christopher Columbus (Entries 171-195) 28
Diaries of Columbus' Voyages (Entries 174-181) 28
Biography (Entries 182-188) 30
Assessments (Entries 189-195) 31
Guillaume Coppier (Entry 196) 32
Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas (Entry 197) 32
Sieur de La Borde (Entry 198) 33
Jean Baptiste Labat (Entries 200-201) 33
Bartolome de Las Casas (Entries 202-208) 33
Contents vii
Nicolas Monardes (Entry 209) 35
Juan Bautista Mufioz (Entries 210-212) 36
Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes (Entries 213-214) 36
Ramon Pane (Entries 215-217) 37
Sir Walter Raleigh (Entry 218) 37
Charles de Rochefort (Entry 219) 38
Historical Archaeology (Entries 220-222) 38
Majolica Pottery (Entry 221) 39
Olive Jar Pottery (Entry 222) 39
Cultural Evolution and Society 40
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 223-284) 41
Chronology (Entries 236-243) 43
Circum-Caribbean Theory (Entries 244-249) 44
Preceramic (Entries 250-258) 46
Relationships with Mesoamerica and Central America
(Entries 259-263) 47
Relationships with North America (Entries 264-273) 48
Relationships with South America (Entries 274-284) 49
Economic Organization (Entry 285) 52
Subsistence Patterns (Entries 286-302) 52
Demography (Entries 303-305) 55
Physical Anthropology (Entries 306-316) 55
Cannibalism (Entries 312-315) 56
Geophagy (Entry 316) 56
Political Organization (Entries 317-322) 57
Warfare (Entry 322) 57
Religious Organization (Entries 323-326) 58
Mythology (Entries 323-324) 58
Cohoba (Entry 325) 58
Cults (Entry 326) 58
viii Ancient Caribbean
Social Organization (Entry 327) 58
Settlement Patterns (Entry 328) 58
Material Culture 59
Art (Entries 329-335) 59
Petroglyphs and Pictographs- (Entries 336-340) 60
Sculpture (Entries 341-343) 60
Pottery (Entries 344-346) 61
Lithics (Entries 347-351) 61
Groundstone (Entries 352-363) 62
Celts (Entries 359-363) 63
Metalwork (Entry 364) 63
Basketry (Entry 365) 63
Wood (Entry 366) 63
Intellectual Life 64
Astronomy (Entry 367) 64
Navigation (Entry 368) 64
New Directions 64
General (Entries 369-381) 64
GREATER ANTILLES 79
General (Entries 382-385) 79
Museum Collections (Entries 386-389) 80
History of Archaeological Research (Entries 390-391) 80
Ethnohistory (Entries 392-410) 81
Historical Archaeology (Entry 410 ) 85
Cultural Evolution and Society 85
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 412-422 ) 85
Subsistence Patterns (Entry 423) 87
Demography (Entries 424-426) 87
Physical Anthropology (Entry 427) 87
Political Organization (Entry 428) 87
Contents ix
Religious Organization (Entries 429-449) 87
Mythology (Entries 433-446) 88
Cohoba (Entry 447) 90
Ball Game (Entries 448-449) 90
Material Culture 91
Art (Entries 450-457) 91
Pottery (Entries 458-459) 92
Cordage and Textiles (Entry 460) 92
Intellectual Life 92
Astronomy (Entries 461-466) 92
Calendar (Entry 467) 93
BAHAMAS 95
General (Entries 468-471) 95
Bibliography (Entry 472) 96
Museum Collections (Entry 473) 96
History of Archaeological Research (Entries 474-476) 97
Environment (Entry 477) . 97
Ethnohistory (Entries 478-484) 97
Historical Archaeology (Entries 485-486) 98
Cultural Evolution and Society 100
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 487-491) 100
Economic Organization (Entry 492) 101
Subsistence Patterns (Entries 493-495) 101
Demography (Entry 496) 101
Physical Anthropology (Entries 497-498) 101
Social Organization (Entry 499) 102
Material Culture 102
Art (Entry 500) 102
Regional and Site Reports 102
Andros Island (Entries 501-502) 102
Fehling (Entry 502) 103
x Ancient Caribbean
Bimini Island (Entry 503) 103
Cat Island (Entries 504-505) 103
Crooked Island (Entries 506-507) 103
Gordon Hill (Entry 507) 104
Eleuthera Island (Entry 508) 104
Highborn Cay (Entry 509) 104
New Providence Island (Entry 510) 104
Clifton Pier Rockshelter (Entry 510) 104
Rum Cay (Entry 511) 104
San Salvador Island (Entries 512-516) 105
Long Bay (Entry 514) 105
Palmetto Grove (Entry 515) 105
Pigeon Creek (Entry 516) 105
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS 107
Cultural Evolution and Society 107
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entry 517) 107
Material Culture 108
Lithics (Entry 518) 108
Groundstone (Entry 519) 108
Regional and Site Reports 108
General (Entry 520) 108
Molasses Creek Wreck (Entries 521-523) 108
CUBA 109
General (Entries 524-543) 109
Museum Collections (Entries 544-551) 111
History of Archaeological Research (Entries 552-560) 112
Biography (Entries 561-562) ' 114
Environment (Entries 563-566) 114
Ethnography (Entries 567-577) 115
Ethnohistory (Entries 578-582) 116
Historical Archaeology (Entries 583-585)
Cultural Evolution and Society
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 586-599)
Demography (Entry 600)
Physical Anthropology (Entries 601-611)
Religious Systems (Entries 612-617)
Caves (Entries 613-614)
Burial patterns (Entries 615-617)
Material Culture
Art (Entries 618-621)
Petroglyphs and Pictographs (Entries 622-624)
Pottery (Entries 625-629)
Lithics (Entries 630-632)
Groundstone (Entries 633-636)
Metalwork (Entry 637)
Shell (Entry 638)
Regional and Site Reports
General (Entries 639-644)
Camagiiey Province (Entries 645-652)
Caney del Castillo (Entry 651)
La Finca de Dos Marias (Entry 652)
Jardines de la Reina (Entry 653)
La Habana Province (Entries 654-666)
Cueva de Garcia Robiou (Entries 654-655)
Isla de Pinos (Entries 656-662)
Jibacoa (Entry 663)
La Habana Vieja (Entries 664-665)
Santa Fe (Entry 666)
Las Villas Province (Entries 667-670)
Caguanas (Entry 668)
Guamuhaya (Entry 669)
Contents xi
117
117
117
119
120
121
121
121
121
121
122
122
123
124
124
124
125
125
125
127
127
127
127
127
128
129
129
129
129
129
130
xii Ancient Caribbean
Lajutia Cave (Entry 670) 130
Matanzas Province (Entries 671-674) 130
Canimar (Entry 671) 130
Carbonera (Entry 672) 130
Cayo Jurajuria (Entry 673) 131
Cueva de la Palma (Entry 674) 131
Oriente Province (Entries 675-690) 131
Aguas Verdes (Entries 684-685) 132
Arroyo del Palo (Entry 686) 133
Banes (Entry 687) 133
Bayamo (Entry 688-689) 133
Caimanes (Entries 690-691) 133
Casanova (Entry 692) 133
Damajayabo (Entries 693-694) ' 134
La Patana Cave (Entry 695) 134
Maniabon Hills (Entry 696) 134
Mejias (Entries 697-698) 134
Sardinero (Entry 690) 135
Pinar del Rio Province (Entries 691-706) 135
Cayo Redonda (Entries 694-695) 135
Cueva de Enrique (Entry 696) 136
Cueva Funche (Entries 697-699) 136
Guanahacabibes (Entry 700) 136
Pinar del Rio (Entries 701-703) 136
Soroa (Entry 704) 137
Vega del Palmar (Entries 705-706) 137
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC , 139
General (Entries 707-722) 140
Museum Collections (Entries 723-729) 142
History of Archaeological Research (Entries 730-734) 143
Contents
Biography (Entry 735)
Environment (Entries 736-738)
Ethnography (Entries 739-742)
Ethnohistory (Entries 743-746)
Historical Archaeology (Entries 747-754)
Architecture (Entries 749-751)
Pottery (Entries 752-753)
Underwater Archaeology (Entry 754)
Cultural Evolution and Society
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 755-765)
Archaic (Entry 758)
Preceramic (Entries 759-762)
Ceramic (Entries 763-765)
Subsistence Patterns (Entries 766-776)
Demography (Entry 777)
Physical Anthropology (Entries 778-789)
Religious Organization (Entries 790-797)
Burial Patterns (Entries 791-794)
Deities (Entry 795)
Cohoba (Entry 796)
Ball Game (Entry 797)
Settlement Patterns (Entries 798-799)
Material CultureArt (Entries 800-808)
Petroglyphs and Pictographs (Entries 809-818)
Pottery (Entries 819-828)
Pottery Technology (Entry 826)
Figurines (Entry 827)
Whistles (Entry 828)
Lithics (Entry 829)
Groundstone (Entries 830-831)
xiii
144
144
144
145
146
146
147
147
147
147
148
148
149
149
151
152
153
153
155
155
155
155
155
155
156
158
159
159
159
159
159
xiv Ancient Caribbean
Metalwork (Entry 832) 160
Cordage and Textiles (Entries 833-836) 160
Intellectual Life 160
Music (Entry 837) 160
Regional and Site Reports 160
General (Entries 838-841) 160
Altagracia Province (Entries 842-856) 161
Cuadro de Piedras (Entry 843) 161
Cueva de Berna (Entry 844) 161
El Atajadizo (Entries 845-848) 162
El Macao (Entries 849-850) 162
Sanate Abajo (Entries 851-856) 162
Azua Province (Entries 857-858) 163
Barreras (Entry 858) 164
Barahona Province (Entries 859-861) 164
Las Salinas (Entry 860) 164
Parque National Jaragua (Entry 861) 164
Dajabon Province (Entries 862-864) 164
Chacuey (Entries 862-864) 164
Distrito National (Entries 865-882) 165
Cueva de Collantes (Entries 865-866) 165
El Caimito (Entry 867) 165
Honduras del Oeste (Entry 868) 165
Los Paredones (Entry 869-870) 166
Santo Domingo Viejo (Entries 871-882) 166
Higiiey Province (Entry 883) 168
Camino de los Indios de Macao (Entry 883) 168
La Vega Province (Entries 884-897), 168
La Concepcion de La Vega (Entries 885-894) 168
Los Huesos (Entry 895) 169
Yuboa (Entries 896-897) 169
Contents xv
Maria Trinidad Sanchez Province (Entry 898) 170
Rio San Juan (Entry 898) 170
Monte Cristi Province (Entries 899-902) 170
Buenhombre (Entry 901) 170
Hatillo Palma (Entry 902) 170
Pedernales Province (Entry 903) 170
Puerto Plata Province (Entries 904-906) 171
Escalera Abajo (Entry 904) 171
La Isabela (Entry 905) 172
La Union (Entry 906) 173
Samaria Province (Entries 907-910) 173
San Cristobal Province (Entries 911-912) 173
Borbon (Entry 911) 173
Yamasa (Entry 912) 174
San Pedro de Macoris Province (Entries 913-925) 174
Ingenio Cristobal Colon (Entry 915) 174
Juan Dolio (Entries 916-918) 174
Juan Pedro (Entry 919) 175
La Caleta (Er/tries 920-921) 175
Maravillas (Entry 922) 175
Punta de Garza (Entry 923) 176
Talanquera (Entries 924-925) 176
Sanchez Ramirez Province (Entries 926-927) 176
Las Guacaras (Entry 927) 176
Santiago Province (Entry 928) 176
Yabanal (Entry 928) 176
HAITI 177
General (Entries 929-936) 177
Bibliography (Entries 937-938) 178
Museum Collections (Entries 939-943) 178
xvi Ancient Caribbean
History of Archaeological Research (Entries 944-945)
Environment (Entry 946)
Cultural Evolution and Society
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 947-948)
Physical Anthropology (Entry 949)
Ethnography (Entry 950)
Ethnohistory (Entries 951-955)
Religious Organization (Entry 956)
Material Culture
Art (Entries 957-958)
Petroglyphs and Pictographs (Entry 959)
Pottery (Entry 960)
Lithics (Entry 961)
Regional and Site Reports
General (Entries 962-963)
Basseterre (Entry 964)
Bois de Charrite (Entry 965)
En Bas Saline (Entries 966-967)
Ft. Liberte (Entries 968-971)
Savanne Carre no. 2 (Entry 972)
He a Cabrits (Entry 973)
lie a Vache (Entry 974)
La Navidad (Entries 975-976)
Port-au-Prince (Entry 977)
Puerto Real (Entries 978-989)
JAMAICA
General (Entries 990-994)
Bibliography (Entries 995-996) '
Museum Collections (Entry 997)
History of Archaeological Research (Entries 998-999)
Environment (Entries 1000-1002)
179
179
180
180
180
180
180
181
181
181
181
182
182
182
182
182
183
183
183
184
184
184
185
185
185
189
189
190
190
190
190
Contents xvii
Ethnohistory (Entries 1003-1005) 191
Historical Archaeology (Entries 1006-1009) 191
Cultural Evolution and Society 192
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 1010-1013) 192
Subsistence Patterns (Entry 1014) 192
Material Culture 192
Art (Entry 1015) 192
Pottery (Entries 1016-1017) 193
Lithics (Entries 1018-1019) 193
Groundstone (Entry 1020) 193
Wood (Entry 1021) 193
Regional and Site Reports 193
General (Entries 1022-1023) 193
Cinnamon Hill (Entry 1024) 194
Drax Hall Plantation (Entry 1025) 194
Hillshire Hills (Entry 1026) 194
Nanny Town (Entry 1027) 194
Norbrook (Entry 1028) . 195
Port Royal (Entries 1029-1039) 195
Sevilla Nueva (Entries 1040-1042) 196
Spanish Church (Entry 1043) 197
Spanish Town (Entry 1044) 197
White Marl (Entry 1045) \ 197
PUERTO RICO 199
General (Entries 1046-1052) 199
Museum Collections (Entries 1053-1058) 200
History of Archaeological Research (Entries 1059-1063) 201
Environment (Entries 1064-1066) 202
Linguistics (Entries 1067-1068) 202
Ethnography (Entries 1069-1070) 204
xviii Ancient Caribbean
Ethnohistory (Entries 1071-1078) 204
Cultural Evolution and Society 205
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 1079-1082) 205
Subsistence Patterns (Entry 1083) 206
Religious Organization (Entries 1084-1087) 206
Cohoba (Entry 1084) 206
Ball Game (Entries 1085-1086) 206
Burial Patterns (Entry 1087) 207
Settlement Patterns (Entry 1088) 207
Material Culture 207
Petroglyphs and Pictographs (Entries 1089-1094) 207
Pottery (Entries 1095-1096) 208
Lithics (Entries 1097-1099) 208
Groundstone (Entries 1100-1109) 208
Jade (Entry 1109) 209
Shell (Entry 1110) 209
Regional and Site Reports 210
General (Entries 1111-1113) 210
Caguanas (Entry 1114) 211
Cayo Cofresi (Entries 1115-1117) 211
Cerrillo (Entry 1118) 211
Convento de Santo Domingo (Entry 1119) 211
Guayanilla (Entries 1120-1122) 212
Hacienda Grande (Entries 1123-1124) 212
Isla de Vieques (Entries 1125-1133) 212
La Cueva El Convento (Entry 1134) 213
La Mina (Entry 1135) 213~
Loiza (Entries 1136-1138) 214
Los Chorros (Entry 1139) i 214
Magueyes Island (Entry 1140) 214
Contents xix
Maisabel (Entry 1141) 215
Mora Island (Entry 1142) 215
Sanjuan (Entries 1143-1144) 215
Tibes (Entries 1145-1146) 215
Villa Taina de Boqueron (Entry 1147) 215
LESSER ANTILLES 217
General (Entries 1148-1150) 217
Bibliography (Entry 1151) 217
Museum Collections (Entry 1152) 217
History of Archaeological Research (Entry 1153) 218
Environment (Entriesll54-1155) 218
Linguistics (Entriesll56-1157) 218
Ethnohistory (Entry 1158) 218
Cultural Evolution and Society 219
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 1159-1163) 219
Material Culture 220
Art (Entry 1164) 220
Petroglyphs and Pictographs (Entry 1165) 220
Pottery (Entries 1166-11168) 220
ANTIGUA 221
General (Entries 1169-1171) 221
Cultural Evolution and Society 221
Settlement Pattlms (Entry 1172) 221
Material Culture 221
Pottery (Entry 1173) 221
Regional and Site Reports 222
General (Entry 1174) 222
Indian Creek (Entries 1175-1178) 222
Mill Reef (Entries 1179-1180) 222
xx Ancient Caribbean
BARBADOS 225
General (Entries 1181-1184) 225
Museum Collections (Entries 1185-1186) 226
History of Archaeological Research (Entry 1187) 226
Ethnography (Entry 1188) 226
Ethnohistory (Entries 1189-1193) 226
Cultural Evolution and Society 227
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entry 1194) 227
Physical Anthropology (Entries 1195-1198) 227
Burial Patterns (Entry 1198) 228
Material Culture 228
Pottery (Entries 1199-1200) 228
Groundstone (Entry 1202) 228
Regional and Site Reports 228
General (Entry 1203) 228
Mapps Cave (Entry 1204) 229
Newton Plantation (Entries 1205-1208) 229
BARBUDA 231
Cultural Evolution and Society 231
Subsistence Patterns (Entry 1209) 231
Settlement Patterns (Entry 1210) 231
DOMINICA 233
Linguistics (Entries 1211-1213) 233
Ethnography (Entries 1214-1242) 233
Culture Change (Entries 1227-1230) 235
Ethnicity (Entries 1231-1233) 235
Folklore (Entries 1234-1235) t 236
Religious Organization (Entry 1236) 236
Social Organization (Entries 1237-1238) 237
Carib Reserve (Entries 1239-1242) 237
Ethnohistory (Entries 1243-1247)
Cultural Evolution and Society
Subsistence Patterns (Entries 1248-1249)
Physical Anthropology (Entry 1250)
Material Culture
Groundstone (Entry 1251)
Basketry (Entry 1252)
Intellectual Life
Astronomy (Entry 1253)
GRENADA
General (Entry 1254)
Ethnohistory (Entries 1255-1256)
Cultural Evolution and Society
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entry 1257)
Economic Organization (Entry 1258)
Material Culture
Petroglyphs and Pictographs (Entry 1259)
GUADELOUPE
General (Entries 1260-1263)
Museum Collections (Entry 1264)
Ethnohistory (Entries 1265^1266)
Cultural Evolution and Society
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entry 1267)
Physical Anthropology (Entries 1268-1269)
Material Culture
Art (Entty 1270)
Groundstone (Entry 1271)
Regional and Site Reports
Marie-Galante (Entry 1273)
Contents xxi
238
239
239
240
240
240
240
240
240
241
241
241
241
241
242
242
242
243
243
243
244
244
244
244
244
244
244
245
245
xxii Ancient Caribbean
Morel (Entry 1274)
Trois-Rivieres (Entry 1275)
MARTINIQUE
General (Entries 1276-1282)
Museum Collections (Entry 1283)
History of Archaeological Research (Entry 1284)
Environment (Entries 1285-1286)
Ethnography (Entry 1287)
Ethnohistory (Entry 1288)
Cultural Evolution and Society
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 1289-1293)
Demography (Entries 1294-1295)
Material Culture
Art (Entry 1296)
Pottery (Entries 1297-1298)
Regional and Site Reports
Anse-Belleville (Entries 1299-1300)
Diamant (Entry 1301)
Macabou (Entries 1302-1303)
Paquemar (Entry 1304)
Sainte Marie (Entry 1305)
Vive (Entries 1306-1308)
MONTSERRAT
General (Entry 1309)
Regional and Site Summaries
Galways Plantation (Entries 1310-1313)
Harney (Entries 1314-1317)
Trant (Entries 1318-1319}
245
245
247
247
248
248
248
249
249
249
249
250
250
250
250
251
251
251
251
252
252
252
253
253
253
253
254
254
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES
General (Entries 1320-1326)
Bibliography (Entries 1327)
History of Archaeological Research (Entry 1328)
Cultural Evolution and Society
Demography (Entry 1329)
Physical Anthropology (Entry 1330)
Material Culture
Art (Entries 1331-1332)
Petroglyphs and Pictographs (Entry 1333)
Pottery (Entry 1334)
Regional and Site Summaries
General (Entries 1335-1337)
Aruba (Entries 1338-1346)
Henriquez I (Entry 1346)
Bonaire (Entries 1347-1349)
Curacao (Entries 1350-1355)
Saba (Entry 1356)
St. Eustatius (Sint Eustatius) (Entries 1357-1358)
St. Martin (Sint Maarten) (Entries 1359-1360)
ST. KITTS-NEVIS-ANGUILLA
Environment (Entry 1361) \
Regional and Site Reports
Anguilla (Entry 1362)
Nevis (Entry 1363)
St. Kitts (St. Christopher) (Entries 1364-1373)
Prince of Wales Bastion (Entry 1372)
Suear Factory Pier (Entrv 13731
Contents xxiii
257
257
258
258
258
258
258
259
259
259
259
260
260
260
261
261
262
262
263
263
265
265
265
265
265
265
266
266
xxiv Ancient Caribbean
ST. LUCIA 269
General (Entries 1374-1376) 269
Museum Collections (Entry 1377) ' 270
Ethnography (Entries 1378-1380) 270
Ethnohistory (Entries 1381-1384) 270
Cultural Evolution and Society 271
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entry 1385) 271
Material Culture 271
Petroglyphs and Pictographs (Entries 1386-1387) 271
Regional and Site Summaries 271
General (Entry 1388) 271
Bequia (Entry 1389) 271
Point Caribe (Entries 1390-1391) 272
ST. VINCENT 273
General (Entry 1392) 273
Linguistics (Entry 1393) 273
EthnographylEntries 1394-1399) 273
Ethnohistory (Entries 1400-1405) 274
Cultural Evolution and Society 275
Physical Anthropology (Entry 1406) 275
Material Culture 276
Petroglyphs and Pictographs (Entries 1407-1410) 276
Groundstone (Entry 1411) 276
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 277
General (Entry 1412) 277
History of Archaeological Research (Entries 1413-1415) 277
Linguistics (Entries 1416-1417) 278
Ethnography (Entry 1418) 278
Ethnohistory (Entries 1419-1421) 278
Contents
Cultural Evolution and Society
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 1422-1424)
Subsistence Patterns (Entry 1425)
Material Culture
Pottery (Entry 1426)
Regional and Site Summaries
General (Entry 1427)
Erin Bay (Entry 1428)
Palo Seco (Entry 1429)
VIRGIN ISLANDS
General (Entries 1430-1434)
Bibliography (Entry 1435)
Museum Collections (Entry 1436)
History of Archaeological Research (Entries 1437-1440)
Historical Archaeology (Entry 1441)
Cultural Evolution and Society
Cultural Evolution and Development (Entries 1442-1443)
Physical Anthropology (Entry 1444)
Material Culture
Architecture (Entry 1445)
Pottery (Entries 1446-1448)
Shell (Entry 1449) \
Regional and Site Reports
General (Entries 1450-1451^
Anegeda Island (Entry 1452)
Arboretum (Entry 1453)
Gun Creek (Entry 1454)
St. Croix (Entries 1455-1460)
Salt River (Entry 1460)
St. John (Entries 1461-1463)
XXV
278
278
280
280
280
280
280
280
281
283
283
284
284
284
285
285
285
285
286
286
286
286
286
286
287
287
287
287
288
288
xxvi Ancient Caribbean
St. Thomas (Entries 1464-1467) 288
Hull Bay (Entry 1468) 289
Krum Bay (Entries 1469-1472) 289
Personal Name Index 291
Place Name Index 305
Subject Index 315
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