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World War TwoWorld War Two
Ways America Prepared for WarWays America Prepared for War
Selective Service ActSelective Service Act
Summer of 1940 First peacetime draft Men between 21 -- 35 Registered 16.5 million men 5 million volunteered
Summer of 1940 First peacetime draft Men between 21 -- 35 Registered 16.5 million men 5 million volunteered
Women in the Armed ServicesWomen in the Armed Services
250,000 women enlisted First time women were permitted to volunteer for
armed forces Non-combat roles (accountants, bookkeepers,
drivers, radio operators) Served in all branches WACS (women’s armed corp services) WAVES (women in the navy) WAFS (women in the air force)
250,000 women enlisted First time women were permitted to volunteer for
armed forces Non-combat roles (accountants, bookkeepers,
drivers, radio operators) Served in all branches WACS (women’s armed corp services) WAVES (women in the navy) WAFS (women in the air force)
WAFSWAFS
Women in WW2Women in WW2
Very strict guidelines for women to serve in the military
Age 20-49 No children under age 14 Minimum of two years of high school
Very strict guidelines for women to serve in the military
Age 20-49 No children under age 14 Minimum of two years of high school
Women in the work forceWomen in the work force
Five million women entered the workforce Many worked in industrial jobs in
shipyards, defense plants, etc. Received 60% less pay than men
Five million women entered the workforce Many worked in industrial jobs in
shipyards, defense plants, etc. Received 60% less pay than men
Rosie The RiveterRosie The Riveter
African Americans in WW2African Americans in WW2
1.5 million AA left the south for jobs in the north and west
1 million left home to serve in the armed forces (segregated units)
Both civilians and soldiers continued to face discrimination and segregation
Civil Rights leaders under the NAACP encouraged AA to adopt the “Double V” slogan
1.5 million AA left the south for jobs in the north and west
1 million left home to serve in the armed forces (segregated units)
Both civilians and soldiers continued to face discrimination and segregation
Civil Rights leaders under the NAACP encouraged AA to adopt the “Double V” slogan
“Double V” Campaign“Double V” Campaign
V= victory over fascism abroad
V = victory for equality at home
New Civil Rights organization created in 1942 to work more “militantly” for AA rights. Named CORE = Congress of Racial Equality
V= victory over fascism abroad
V = victory for equality at home
New Civil Rights organization created in 1942 to work more “militantly” for AA rights. Named CORE = Congress of Racial Equality
Industrial ProductionIndustrial Production
1942: War Production Board (WPB) established to convert companies from peacetime to wartime production.
U.S. industries booming. By 1944 unemployment practically gone Kaiser shipyard in California could make a
new ship in 14 days
1942: War Production Board (WPB) established to convert companies from peacetime to wartime production.
U.S. industries booming. By 1944 unemployment practically gone Kaiser shipyard in California could make a
new ship in 14 days
Office of Price AdministrationOffice of Price Administration
OPA regulated almost every aspect of civilian life. Controlled Inflation. Froze prices, wages, rent, etc.
Set up a rationing system. Used coupon booklets. Meat, sugar, coffee, gasoline, rubber
OPA regulated almost every aspect of civilian life. Controlled Inflation. Froze prices, wages, rent, etc.
Set up a rationing system. Used coupon booklets. Meat, sugar, coffee, gasoline, rubber
Financing the WarFinancing the War
WW2 cost the U.S. $320 Billion (10x’s more than WW1)
Raised the money through income taxes (first time automatically deducted from paychecks)
Selling war bonds (raised $135 Billion) 1945 National Debt $250 Billion
WW2 cost the U.S. $320 Billion (10x’s more than WW1)
Raised the money through income taxes (first time automatically deducted from paychecks)
Selling war bonds (raised $135 Billion) 1945 National Debt $250 Billion
Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster
Organizing ScienceOrganizing Science
1939 Albert Einstein wrote FDR a personal letter. 1941 Office of Scientific Research established to
research and develop the atomic bomb Team of American, British, European scientists
headed by Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer Three plants set up to produce uranium and
plutonium
1939 Albert Einstein wrote FDR a personal letter. 1941 Office of Scientific Research established to
research and develop the atomic bomb Team of American, British, European scientists
headed by Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer Three plants set up to produce uranium and
plutonium
The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb
Changes in EntertainmentChanges in Entertainment
Hollywood began making war-time propaganda films.
60 million to 100 million moviegoers a week
“Prelude To War” one of the greatest propaganda films ever made. Frank Capra series “Why We Fight”
Musicals, romances, comedies
Hollywood began making war-time propaganda films.
60 million to 100 million moviegoers a week
“Prelude To War” one of the greatest propaganda films ever made. Frank Capra series “Why We Fight”
Musicals, romances, comedies
Walt Disney’s contributionsWalt Disney’s contributions
Transformed his cartoon studio into a moviemaking factory for Uncle Sam.
Made educational, training, fund-raising, and morale-building films.
Used the Seven Dwarfs to sell war bonds Donald Duck to inspire Americans to pay
their taxes on time
Transformed his cartoon studio into a moviemaking factory for Uncle Sam.
Made educational, training, fund-raising, and morale-building films.
Used the Seven Dwarfs to sell war bonds Donald Duck to inspire Americans to pay
their taxes on time
Walt Disney Wartime Propaganda
Walt Disney Wartime Propaganda
Japanese American Internment Camps
Japanese American Internment Camps
What does internment mean? What is an Executive Order? (9066) What motivated FDR to issue the order?
National security Military necessity Wartime hysteria
What does internment mean? What is an Executive Order? (9066) What motivated FDR to issue the order?
National security Military necessity Wartime hysteria
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Internment CampsInternment Camps
110,000-120,000 interned 10 camps California, Washington, Oregon, Arizona Issei: Japanese born (first generation) Nisei: Children of Issei (second generation) http://www.asianamericanmedia
.org/jainternment/camps/questions.html
110,000-120,000 interned 10 camps California, Washington, Oregon, Arizona Issei: Japanese born (first generation) Nisei: Children of Issei (second generation) http://www.asianamericanmedia
.org/jainternment/camps/questions.html
European FrontEuropean Front
Dwight Eisenhower Supreme Allied
Commander in Europe Defeat Germany 1st Operation Torch
(invasion of North Africa)
Italian campaign
Dwight Eisenhower Supreme Allied
Commander in Europe Defeat Germany 1st Operation Torch
(invasion of North Africa)
Italian campaign
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Mussolini’s DeathMussolini’s Death
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D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Objective: Free France from Germany 2 years planning U.S., British, Canadian troops landed along
60 mile stretch of beach (Normandy) Largest amphibious attack (3 million
troops) Five landings: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno,
Sword beaches
Objective: Free France from Germany 2 years planning U.S., British, Canadian troops landed along
60 mile stretch of beach (Normandy) Largest amphibious attack (3 million
troops) Five landings: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno,
Sword beaches
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D-DayD-Day
D-Day deception at Calais
Phantom landing force Inflatable tanks,
dummy landing crafts Fooled Germans
temporarily to allow landing at Normandy
D-Day deception at Calais
Phantom landing force Inflatable tanks,
dummy landing crafts Fooled Germans
temporarily to allow landing at Normandy
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American Experience websiteAmerican Experience website
Origins of “D-Day” Paratroopers Letters sent home describing the landing http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dday/
Origins of “D-Day” Paratroopers Letters sent home describing the landing http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dday/
Germany DefeatedGermany Defeated
Last German offensive to stop Allies from entering Germany: Battle of Bulge
One month. Germans lost 120,000 troops April, 1945 Allies seize Berlin April 29,1945 Hitler marries Eva Braun April 30: Hitler shot himself and Braun
swallowed poison. Bodies burned. May 8, 1945: V-E Day
Last German offensive to stop Allies from entering Germany: Battle of Bulge
One month. Germans lost 120,000 troops April, 1945 Allies seize Berlin April 29,1945 Hitler marries Eva Braun April 30: Hitler shot himself and Braun
swallowed poison. Bodies burned. May 8, 1945: V-E Day
Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference
Feb. 1945: FDR, Churchill, Stalin met in Yalta, on the Black Sea.
Decisions made: Create a world peace-keeping organization at
the end of WW2 (United Nations) Soviets promised to enter the war against
Japan, 3 months after war ends in Europe “Free elections” in Soviet occupied Eastern
Europe
Feb. 1945: FDR, Churchill, Stalin met in Yalta, on the Black Sea.
Decisions made: Create a world peace-keeping organization at
the end of WW2 (United Nations) Soviets promised to enter the war against
Japan, 3 months after war ends in Europe “Free elections” in Soviet occupied Eastern
Europe
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Pacific CampaignPacific Campaign
Douglas MacArthur: Supreme Allied Commander of the Pacific
Island hopping (strategy in Pacific)
Douglas MacArthur: Supreme Allied Commander of the Pacific
Island hopping (strategy in Pacific)
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The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project
April 12, 1945: FDR’s dies Harry S. Truman becomes President A few days later, learns about the
Manhattan Project July 16, 1945: A-Bomb tested at Los
Alamos, New Mexico
April 12, 1945: FDR’s dies Harry S. Truman becomes President A few days later, learns about the
Manhattan Project July 16, 1945: A-Bomb tested at Los
Alamos, New Mexico
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Little BoyLittle Boy
Aug. 6, 1945 Target: Hiroshima Carried by B-29
bomber: Enola Gay Uranium 235 Killed 75,000 Injured 68,000
Aug. 6, 1945 Target: Hiroshima Carried by B-29
bomber: Enola Gay Uranium 235 Killed 75,000 Injured 68,000
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Fat ManFat Man
Aug. 9, 1945 Target: Nagasaki plutonium implosion-
type bomb. Over 200,000 died
resulting from injuries and radiation poison
Sept. 2, 1945 official surrender
Aug. 9, 1945 Target: Nagasaki plutonium implosion-
type bomb. Over 200,000 died
resulting from injuries and radiation poison
Sept. 2, 1945 official surrender
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Truman’s JustificationsTruman’s Justifications
Japan unwilling to surrender; fight to their death (Kamakazi attitude)
Huge land invasion of Japan necessary War could last additional 5 years; 1 million
more lives lost Eliminate Soviet input in post war
negotiations
Japan unwilling to surrender; fight to their death (Kamakazi attitude)
Huge land invasion of Japan necessary War could last additional 5 years; 1 million
more lives lost Eliminate Soviet input in post war
negotiations
Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials
1945-1949 Nuremberg, Germany 22 Nazi leaders tried for war crimes (crimes
against humanity) 12 sentenced to death. Rest to prison 200 lesser leaders found guilty First time a nation’s leaders held legally
responsible for their actions during wartime
1945-1949 Nuremberg, Germany 22 Nazi leaders tried for war crimes (crimes
against humanity) 12 sentenced to death. Rest to prison 200 lesser leaders found guilty First time a nation’s leaders held legally
responsible for their actions during wartime
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