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Introduction to precision agriculture technologies.
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Crop ProductionPrecision Ag Technologies
John NowatzkiExtension Ag Machine Systems Specialist
Precision Ag for Crop Production
• GPS and Guidance and Computers
• Section Control – Planters and Sprayers
• Variable Rate Technology• How to Make Field Management Zones• In-field Sensing
GPS Guidance
• GPS-assisted• Auto-steer• GPS Correction Options:
• Free GPS Corrections• Commercial Options• Continuously Operating Reference
Station (CORS) – Internet-based • RTK
Section and Row Control• Planters• Air Seeders
PneumaticElectric
Planter RowON
Waterway
Precision Spraying Technology
• Boom Height Control• Section and Nozzle Control• Nozzle Flow Control• Droplet Size Control• As-Applied Maps
Variable Rate Fertilization
• Fertilizer, Seed, Variety
Equipment Technology
Layers to Delineate Management Zones
Variable Rate Fertilization
• Equipment and Technology• Zone Maps• Equipment Capable of Changing Rates• In-cab Computer Controller• GPS
• Farmer Equipment Options: • Fertilizer Applicator• Air Seeder – Planter
• Commercial Options• Consultant Services for Maps• Fertilizer Companies
NH3 Variable Rate Options• Anhydrous Applicator – Fall, Pre-plant, In-season• Strip Till Machine• One-pass when Planting• Separate Seeder or Planter Operation
Anhydrous Ammonia
NH3 Cold-flow Unit
MaintainsLiquid Form
Anhydrous Ammonia
Change NH3 Gas to Liquid
Measure Flow RateVary Flow Rate
NH3 Equipment Costs - Modifications
• Heat Exchanger • Flow Control Meter• Flow Control Valve• Wiring • Speed Measurement
Anhydrous Ammonia
Flow Meter - $400
Control Valves - $400
Heat Exchanger - $1,500
Granular Variable Rate Options• Air/Boom Applicator, Floater/Spreader, Spreader Cart• Fall, Pre-plant, In-season
• Air Seeder without Seed
• One-pass Air Seeder
Granular Fertilizer
Granular Equipment and Costs
Spreader CartVariable Rate Hydraulic Motor - $1,500-2,500Control Valve – Encoder - $300Controller - $1,200
Granular Fertilizer
Equipment Suppliers
Dickey JohnHinikerRavenRawsonMicro-TrakTeejet
Suppliers for Dealers
Variable Rate FertilizationDeveloping Management Zones• Grower Knowledge• Historical Yield Data• Remote Sensing• Elevation• In-field Sensors
Yield Monitoring and Data Management
• Yield Monitors with GPS• GIS Programs
Remote Sensing : Suitability and Accuracy
Google Earth NAIP – 1 meter
Satellite – 15-30 m Zone Maps
LiDAR Technology
• Light Detection And Ranging• Optical Remote Sensing using Lasers• Measuring Distance to Ground from Airplane
measures the time delay between transmission of a pulse and detection of the reflected signal
3D View in Fugro Viewer
1 meter Contours 7.84 meters25.7 feet
James River BasinLiDAR Data
• ND Water Commission
• http://lidar.swc.nd.gov
Red River Basin LiDAR Data
www.internationalwaterinstitute.org/lidar.htm
Crop Sensors
• In-season Fertilization
• Yield Estimate
• Management Zones
Crop SensorsFact Sheet
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/agmachinery
How Crop Sensors Identify Crop Health
• Red Light Absorbed• NIR Reflected
Plants Absorb and Reflect Light
Red NIR
Sensor
Red Absorbed, NIR Reflected
Sensor Field Operation
• Rate Determination:• NDVI Value• Compare NDVI to
Optimum Area • Growing Degree
Days• Potential Yield
• Activate Rate Controller
GreenSeeker – Trimble
• $10,000 - $17,000• Processor• 4 sensors • Cables
• Uses N-Rich Strip
OptRx – Ag Leader
• $17,000• 3 Sensors• Integra Display• Direct Command kit
• Uses Virtual Reference Strip
CropSpec – Topcon
• $18,000• Uses N-Rich Strip
Crop Circle – Holland Scientific
• $17,500• 3 sensor system with Integra display and
Direct Command kit • Uses Virtual Reference Strip
GreenSeeker Handheld
• $500• Uses N-Rich Strip
Handheld Crop Sensor
Holland Scientific
C
B
D
A
Crop Table
Holland Scientific
Crop %N lbs/Bu
Maximum yield (bu/ac)
15 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275
Spring Wheat 2.45 60 66.8 134 200 167 334 401 468
Winter Wheat 2.30 60 3.76 62.7 125 188 251 314 376 439
Dryland corn 1.35 56 99.3 132 165 199 232 265 298 331
Irrigated Corn 1.25 56 127 159 191 223 255 286 318 350
Barley 1.70 48 22.3 31.7 74.2 111 148 185 223 260
Triticale 2.10 54 30.9 51.5 103 155 206 258 309 361
Sorghum 1.34 56 102 136 172 205 239 273 307
canola 3.10 50 42.3 70.5 141 211 282
0.30 x 165 = 49.5 lbs. N
1
2
3
4
$100
$50
iPad – iPhone app Android coming soon!
Click Tap Read, Repeat
FieldScout App Readout:
In-season Variable Rate
• Mount Sensors on side-dress applicator• N-rich strip in each field• Applicator will sense the N-rich strip• Compare each readings with N-rich strip • Use the difference to determine N to
apply
Implications of Crop Sensors
• Real-time Plant Nitrogen Requirements• Maximize Yield• Reduce Total N Application• Save Second Application in Droughts
• Early Yield Prediction• Precision Desiccant Application
Why Precision Agriculture?• Maximize Profits
• Less Overlap• Reduce Inputs• Increase Yields
• Reduce Stress• Protect Environment• Feed 7 Billion People
Current World Population:
7,105,012,760
1804 1 billion
1850 1.2 billion
1900 1.6 billion
1927 2 billion
1950 2.55 billion
1955 2.8 billion
1960 3 billion
1965 3.3 billion
1970 3.7 billion
1975 4 billion
1980 4.5 billion
1985 4.85 billion
1987 5 billion
1990 5.3 billion
1995 5.7 billion
1999 6 billion
2000 6.1 billion
2005 6.45 billion
2010 6.8 billion
2011 7 billion
Questions - Comments
Office 701-231-8213 Cell 701-261-9842
John.Nowatzki@ndsu.edu
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/agmachinery
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