View
1.296
Download
7
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ“WHERE HAVE ALL THE RICEFIELDS GONE, GONE TO MINING…” THE CASE OF MACARTHUR, LEYTEPresented by Maria Aurora T.W. Tabada, Director, Institute of Strategic Research and Development Studies, Visayas State University, during the GIZ-ENRD Program 4th Quarterly Team Meeting on 14 October 2011 @ CCE, VSU
Citation preview
“WHERE HAVE ALL THE RICEFIELDS GONE, “WHERE HAVE ALL THE RICEFIELDS GONE, GONE TO MINING ”GONE TO MINING ”GONE TO MINING…” GONE TO MINING…”
THE CASE OF MACARTHUR, THE CASE OF MACARTHUR, LEYTELEYTE
Presented by Maria Aurora T.W. Presented by Maria Aurora T.W. TabadaTabada, , DirectorDirector, , Institute of Strategic Research and Development Institute of Strategic Research and Development Studies, Studies, VisayasVisayas State University, during the GIZState University, during the GIZ‐‐ENRD Program 4ENRD Program 4thth Quarterly Team Meeting on 14 October Quarterly Team Meeting on 14 October 2011 @ CCE, VSU2011 @ CCE, VSU
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
• VSU created a TEAM to respond to the request• VSU created a TEAM to respond to the request of Liwayway‐Danao‐Romualdez‐ Imelda‐Maya Irrigators’ Association (LIDAROIMA) throughIrrigators Association (LIDAROIMA) through NIA, Archdiocese of Palo, and the Macarthur Parish
• General objective of the study was to determine the biophysical, social, and p y , ,economic effects of the mining activities of NICUA Corporation in MacArthur, Leyte
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
• Describe the general profile of the affected g pcommunities;
• Describe the profile of the mining project;Describe the profile of the mining project;
• Describe differences if any, observed in the community since the start of the miningcommunity since the start of the mining activities;
d f h d ff / bl f h• Identify the perceived effects/problems of the mining activities in the area
• Recommend specific courses of action
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
Bi h i l ll i f il d• Biophysical aspects: collection of soil and water (freshwater and marine) samples for
l i l i tianalysis, ocular inspection
• Social & economic aspects: focus group discussions, key informant interviews, review of secondary data
• Data collection: August – October 2010
THE MINING PROJECTS INTHE MINING PROJECTS IN MACARTHUR, LEYTE
MAGNETITE MININGMAGNETITE MINING• Magnetite mining; black sand/iron sand with tit ititanium
• Leyte Ironsand Project of the Strong Built (Mining) Development Corporation (MPSA No 254 2007 VIII)Development Corporation (MPSA No. 254‐2007‐VIII) issued on July 28, 2007 covering 7,411.556 ha in the municipalities of MacArthur and Javier, Leyte p , y
• Mt. Mogan Resources and Development Corp. (EP‐VIII‐0MR‐11‐2009) issued on Dec. 23, 2009 – Dec. 22, 2011 covering 15,781.6110 ha in the offshore areas of Tanauan, Tolosa, Dulag, MayorgaMacArthur & Abuyog LeyteMacArthur & Abuyog, Leyte
Leyte Magnetite ProjectLeyte Magnetite ProjectMPSA NO. PERMITEE AREA (ha) LOCATION DURATION REMARKS290‐2009‐VIII Vincent
i523.57 Javier and
A h29 Sep 2009 –28 S 2034
Mines O iTan Tiong MacArthur,
Leyte 28 Sep 2034 Operating
Agreement with NICUA Corp. dated 2 N bNovember 2009
317‐2010‐VIII Edgar L. Li
776.88 MacArthur, L P d
10 Feb 2010 – 9 F b 2035
Mines O tiLim La Paz and
Mayorga, Leyte
9 Feb 2035 Operating Agreement with NICUA Corp. dated 30 April 2010
• ECC (Ref. Code: 1006‐0016) issued on 11 June 2010• Maximum annual production of 2 million WMT
April 2010Total 1300.45
Maximum annual production of 2 million WMT • Use of Chinese technology and skilled manpower
LEYTE IRONSAND CORPORATIONLEYTE IRONSAND CORPORATION
The Nicua group has over a period of the past 5‐6 yearsThe Nicua group has over a period of the past 5‐6 years, conducted extensive exploration and metallurgical testwork on its Leyte magnetite iron ore project. HSMC f d l f h l
http://hengshengmining.com/ downloaded 27 October 2010
farmed in on a large portion of the project late in 2009.
• The venture is well located logistically, beingThe venture is well located logistically, being near to existing low cost geothermal power, and adjacent to the coast for ease of shipping. It has social and political support and is environmentally sound.
• LIC controls some 20,402 ha of claims in Leyte, and the claims are all mineralized and cover a flat area of rice paddies and coconut plantations.
Floating dredges suck up the sand and upgrade the iron sands using an onboard rougher magnetic separator (MSU) to a concentrate containing approx 56% Fe.
hauled by trucks a distance of 1.5 km to the port owned by LIS ready for
upgraded by to the port owned by LIS ready for shipping.
grinding in ball mills
Congratulations to Leyte Ironto Leyte Iron-sand Corp on the first batch ofthe first batch of iron concentrate October 20 2010October 20, 2010
Group photo of part of Chinesepart of Chinese engineers & technicianstechnicians .
Timeline http://hengshengmining.com/Time Event
MAY 2009 Start to develop and prepare southern part of the mine area in 1200 hec.
July - Nov Complete the construction of roadwork in mine area and connection towards theJuly Nov. 2009
Complete the construction of roadwork in mine area and connection towards the port.
Feb 2010 Complete the construction of the port, capable of handling monthly turnover of 150,000-200,000 ton
Feb 2010 Complete the construction of an initial magnetic separator plant and another final magnetic separator plant for a total of two plants.
Feb 2010 Complete the first production line, and pilot run capable of monthly production Feb 2010 p p p p y pof 15,000 ton iron with the grade of 60%
Mar - Apr 2010
Install another six production lines and reach the capacity of 60,000-80,000 ton monthly
Jul-Aug 2010
Install two more production lines and reach the capacity of 100,000 ton monthly to meet the demand of Chinese customers.
2011 We plan to reach annual capacity of 1-1.5million ton
2012 We plan to reach annual capability of 2million ton
THE AFFECTED COMMUNITIESTHE AFFECTED COMMUNITIES
MACARTHUR PROFILEMACARTHUR PROFILE• Income class: 5th class
T l l i 17 608 (9 802 50% f• Total population: 17,608 (9,802; 50% of
population)
• Total households: 3,133
• Total land area: 7,344.6627 sq. km
• No. of barangays: 31 (14 affected)
• Primary livelihoods agriculture: ricePrimary livelihoods agriculture: rice
fisheries
• Others mining (2010)• Others mining (2010)
Source: LGPMS, 2009
FINANCIAL PROFILEFINANCIAL PROFILE
• IRA: 32 121 629 00• IRA: 32, 121,629.00
• Local sourced revenue: 2,461,436.39
• Other revenues: 4,553,419.55
• Total LGU income: 39,136,484.94
Source: LGPMS, 2009
Mostly rice farmers, some have coconutsOther sources of income: driving; Land tenure: 80% are tenants; many landowners reside outside MacArthurProduce sold at farm, to the financier or in neighboring Abuyog since no market in town t
WATERWATER
Declining rice and coconut harvests partly due to extreme weather conditions lack of water pestsconditions, lack of water, pests
WHAT IS AT STAKE?WHAT IS AT STAKE?LAKE BITO & LIVELIHOODS OFLIVELIHOODS OF TILAPIA FISHERS
I i t d RICE FIELDSIrrigated RICE FIELDS and the LIVELIHOODS of 374 farmers
Balire South River Irrigation SystemBalire South River Irrigation System• Total rice field area 275.9731 has
covered by mining firm
• Average rice yield per hectare 80 cavans/ha
• No. of cropping seasons per year 2
• Annual production 10,132 MT
• Total no. of farmers in area 374 farmers
• Amount of investment P120M
Source: NIA BIG Irrigation System, Macarthur, Leyte
OBSERVED PROBLEMS WITH MINING OPERATION
Livelihood displacement (no more farms to farm)
Not all affected farmers are employed at NICUA
Not all farmers in the area agree with the miningNot all farmers in the area agree with the mining
Other owners who sold their lands to NICUA are t li i i th lnot living in the place
Adjacent unsold rice areas are affected by the mining operation
Water level of Lake Bito seems to be lower: report of fish kill
OBSERVATIONS WITH THE MINING OPERATION
Operation is 22 hours; VERY NOISY; children cannot study because of noise; have difficulty sleeping; ground shakes like there is an earthquake
Water source disturbance/competition duringWater source disturbance/competition during operation: no water when pumps operate; water is muddy; even at 20 ft. no more waterwater is muddy; even at 20 ft. no more water unlike before at 15 ft. can get water
Water in the ricefields do not get impoundedWater in the ricefields do not get impounded anymore
PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY
• No posting of noticeNo posting of notice
• People aware because NICUA already operatingoperating
• No assembly done in barangays (EIS show one bli l i i h i i l h ldpublic consultation in the municipal gym held
on 28 May 2010)
• Only barangays covered by LIDAROIMA signed a petition against mining
FARMERS PERCEIVED IMPACTSFARMERS PERCEIVED IMPACTS• Destruction of area (Kadaot; magun‐ob)H f th f (G t )• Hunger for the farmers (Gutom sa mag‐uma)
• Children cannot study (Dili na maka‐eskwela)• No farm work available because no more farms• No farm work available because no more farms (Wala nay magpasuhol kay waray tuna)
• If the Balire river overflows, will drown (Kon, (magbaha ang Balire, malunod kami)
• Fish kill (Ma‐poison ang isda sa Danao Lake)• Villa Imelda will transfer to Pongon (because of ponding; mabalhin sa Pongon)
• Lower water level at Lake Bito (Mobali ang tubig• Lower water level at Lake Bito (Mobali ang tubig, naibanan na ang tubig sa Lake Bito)
PROTEST OUTSIDE THE NICUATHE NICUA COMPANY SITE ON 15 FEBRUARY 20115 FEBRUARY 2010
BIOPHYSICAL FINDINGSBIOPHYSICAL FINDINGS
Table 1. Summary of soil physical properties.
Bulk Particle Sampling
Spot Depth (cm) Texture
density (g cm-3)
density (g cm-3) Porosity
Ksat (cm d-1)
A 0-30 Sandy Clay 0.87 2.66 0.67 3,177.66
30-60 Loamy Sand 1.53 2.88 0.47 4,305.72 30 60 Loamy Sand 1.53 2.88 0.47 4,305.72
B
0-30 Sandy Clay 0.93 2.54 0.64 1,296.92
30-60 Loamy Sand 0.91 2.47 0.63 999.85
C
0-30 Sandy Clay 0.90 2.28 0.61 not determined
30-60 Loamy Sand 1.16 2.67 0.56 887.02
D 0 30 S d Cl 0 88 2 36 0 63 996 26D
0-30 Sandy Clay 0.88 2.36 0.63 996.26
30-60 Loamy Sand 1.43 2.92 0.51 1,472.43
Ksat values of the soil range from around 900 cm d‐1 to over 4,000 cm d‐1. These values mean that the soil very effectively allows water to pass through.
Table 2. Estimation of groundwater drawdownand volume of water drawn into excavation (VWDE)
Average Porosity* 0.54 Sample Excavation Depth (m) 10 00Depth (m) 10.00 Average Depth to WT (m)** 0.24
lSample Area – one hectare (m2) 10,000Ground Water Drawdown (m) 4.33 VWDE per hectare (m3) 44 603(m ) 44,603
*- average porosity of the 30- 60 cm layer of the four sampling spots** - average depth to the water table at the four sampling spots at the time of sampling
• Mining operations with an excavation depth ofMining operations with an excavation depth of 10 to 15 m.
• That a 10 m deep excavation could lead to• That a 10 m‐deep excavation could lead to drawdown from the observed WT depth of 0 24 m to as deep as 4 33 m from the surface0.24 m to as deep as 4.33 m from the surface.
• the presence of a nearby source of water, as a hi h 44 603 3 f t ld b dhigh as 44,603 m3 of water could be drawn into the 10 m deep excavation for every h t f t dhectare of area excavated
• If there is a source of water nearby such as a river or a lake, an actual drawdown of the WT level may not be observed. This is because water from a river or lake, or even from the surrounding locations of the aquifer (including subsurface drinking water sources) may be drawn into the excavation;
• expected in areas with very high Ksat such as the surveyed site
• Continued excavation in an area with a very• Continued excavation in an area with a very conductive soil would continue to draw water from surface water sources such as nearby afrom surface water sources such as nearby a river or lake, or from the aquifer adjacent to the excavation The water budget in a nearby lakeexcavation. The water budget in a nearby lake could be disturbed which may endanger the year‐round water supply in a lakeyear‐round water supply in a lake.
2. It is likely that during times that the excavation pumps in the mining site are turned on water supply in water wells in
b h i b d l ff dnearby home sites may be adversely affected.3. Ponding of the deep excavations in mining sites
is almost guaranteed This means that it wouldis almost guaranteed. This means that it would be very difficult to rehabilitate the site to revert the area to its previous agriculturally‐p g yproductive state.
WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITYSampling
SitepH Hardness
(ppm CO3)DOppm
TDSppm
TSSppm
S1 7.3 Hard(163)
8.4(-)
8110 300
S2 7.5 Very Hard 8.3 8550 380S2 7.5 Very Hard(204)
8.3(-)
8550 380
S3 8.2 (6.8)* Soft(10)
8.4(-)
560 20
S4 7.2 Soft(11)
7.6(11)
70 30
S5 7.0 Soft(11)
8.5(11)
50 30(11) (11)
S6 7.2 Soft(11)
8.2(16)
120 40
S F b 2010 l i l i ti ti tSource: February 2010 ecological investigation team
WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY
• Results obtained are inconclusive becauseResults obtained are inconclusive because they reflect only one sampling incidence
• pH values obtained were tolerable but Lake• pH values obtained were tolerable but Lake Bito water was found to be rather alkaline
DO l h d ll d i ll• DO values showed well aerated water in all sampling sites; Sites S4‐S6 showed high
iorganic matter content
MARINE WATERS
• Biodiversity Fishes InvertebratesBanak Shells (24/m2)Bangus KuholT l ki k Ali−Fishes and invertebrates were observed Talakitok AlimangoMangagat LambayTilapia BanaganSaminsamin Balat
Fishes and invertebrates were observed mainly. Interview showed that the estuary of Balere River is a fishing ground for economically important
Gobies Sea starsTurnos CoralsBolinaoMayamaya
fishes (Table 1).−Fishes and invertebrates were not abundant. Fishes caught were usually of small size
MamsaKatambakSapsapLapalapa
small size.−Empty shells of kuhol, a freshwater univalve, were abundant which indicate that they were carried by the water from h l d h Bulanbulan
BaloBugsongTambangongo/hito
the upland to the estuary.
g gTalho/tiktikiBisugoPata
RESULTS
• Biodiversity
SEDIMENTATION
• Sedimentation−Dominant sediment is sand.Highest deposition was at the−Highest deposition was at the mouth of the river (station 3) and lowest at 100m upstream. −These indicate strong water flow. −Sand covers and smothers the aquatic organisms. −Gills of fishes and invertebrates would be blocked resulting towould be blocked resulting to suffocation and death of the organisms. −silt and clay mostly towards the marine area. −seawater was highly turbid; this lessen the amount of light penetration in the water columnpenetration in the water column that could affect the productivity and growth of marine plants and corals.
PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL FACTORS
− increasing trend of stream flow towards the river mouth.
−as the width decreases towards the mouth of the river, the water speed increases resulting to high di t l d t thsediment load at the
estuary. −dissolved oxygen was highest at the marinehighest at the marine environment due to wave action.
• The low abundance of aquatic fauna could be due to the high sedimentationcould be due to the high sedimentation of the Balere estuary.
• Anthropogenic activities, such as mining, in the upland area would likely to exacerbate the sedimentation, and ultimately will lead to the ecological instability of the estuarine ecosystem.
ECONOMIC ASPECTECONOMIC ASPECTTable 1. N e t I n c o m e f r o m r i c e f a r m i n g p e r h e c t a r e. Average
Yield per hectare (cavan)
Net Income Per Year (P)
Net Income Per Cropping (P)
(cavan)
N I C U A r e p o r t 73 57,660 28,830 N I A 80 48,880 24,440
Note: If we follow the rice farming period which is
3‐4 months, the farmers must have other sources
of income as an add on from rice farming
of income as an add‐on from rice farming.
• Hiring rate at NICUA Corporation vs Income from rice farming• Hiring rate at NICUA Corporation vs Income from rice farming
Table 2. Labor employment of Nicua.
A) @ 22‐days work permonthA) @ 22‐days work per month Wage Rate per
Day (P) Monthly
Income (P)
For Three Months
For Four Months
Labor 220 4,840 14,520 19,360 Labor 220 4,840 14,520 19,360 Mason‐Carpenter 250 5,500 16,500 22,000 Electrician 280 6,160 18,480 24,640 B) @ 30 days work per month Wage Rate (P) Monthly
Income (P)
For Three Months
For Four Months
Labor 220 6,600 19,800 26,400 Mason‐Carpenter 250 7,500 22,500 30,000 Electrician 280 8,400 25,200 33,600 Note: Average Income from Rice Farming per Cropping Nicua Report P 28,830 NIA P 24,440
Value of Rice Fields as per purchase price of NICUAValue of Rice Fields as per purchase price of NICUATWO OPTIONS1. Outright Sale of Land
N ti t d t b l M k t t• Negotiated, not below Market rates
2. Buy‐back Option (1/2 of the amount is given to the farmers, the other ½ is held in trust in the bankfarmers, the other ½ is held in trust in the bank which will serve as payment for the “buy‐back” of the land)• Foregone income is giveng g
Farmers have very minimal opportunity cost of capitalopportunity cost of capital thus, the purchase price of rice lands by NICUA is low.rice lands by NICUA is low.
• Value of Rice Fields as per purchase price of NICUAValue of Rice Fields as per purchase price of NICUA
Table 3. P u r c h a s e p r i c e o f N i c u a p e r h e c t a r e. P U R C H A S E P R I C E O F N I C U A P U R C H A S E P R I C E O F N I C U A
P E R H E C T A R E MINING
OPERATION 160,000 170,000 180,000
L A N D R E N T
(Years) Per Year Per Month Per Year Per Month Per Year Per Month
10 16,000 1,333.33 17,000 1,416.67 18,000 1,50015 10667 88889 11333 944 44 12000 100015 10,667 888.89 11,333 944.44 12,000 1,00020 8,000 666.67 8,500 708.33 9,000 750 25 6,400 533.33 6,800 566.67 7,200 600
FOOD SECURITYFOOD SECURITY• As a consequence of conversion there is less area for rice productionrice production.
• These areas covered by the LMP overlaps with the service area of the Balire South River Irrigation System
d h N i l I i i Ad i i i b dunder the National Irrigation Administration based at MacArthur, Leyte.
• The NIA service area at MacArthur covers a total area of 275.9731 hectares affecting 374 farmers, or an average area of 0.74 ha/farmer. There are two croppings per year (wet and dry) with an average yield pp g p y ( y) g yper hectare of 80 cavans. Total yield for the entire area is 22,077.848 cavans or 1,103,892.4 mt.
GENERAL LAYOUTBALIRE SOUTH IRSBALIRE SOUTH IRS
Area Mined By NICUA = 15 - 20 has As of 11/5/2010
ISSUESISSUES
• Processes to ensure community yparticipation were circumvented; people were not informedwere not informed
• Absence of transparency and failure of national agencies and concerned LGUs to gperform their legally mandated functions
ISSUESISSUES
• Conversion of rice fields without following gapproved process (NICUA argues that this is just temporary in nature and not j p ypermanent),
• Damage to the irrigation system andDamage to the irrigation system and ricefields of farmers
• Decline in rice yields which are likely to lead• Decline in rice yields which are likely to lead to a loss of food security for municipality and Leyte provinceand Leyte province
CONCERNSCONCERNS• The basic issue is really whether mining should be allowed to continue in Leyte Island
• Need to review existing policies that are conflicting: – mining and ecotourism
– Mining and becoming the food hub of Eastern Visayas
• Passage of policy on NO GO ZONES for mining
• Preparation of CLUPs by LGUs must be strictly enforced and sanctions done
CONCERNSCONCERNS• Mechanism for ensuring communities are
f li ti t d t b i daware of applications, etc need to be reviewed and put in place
• If mining continues, communities should be trained to monitor the mining activities
• The need for the civil society groups especially the church to engage the mining companies from the perspective of stewardship and sustainable development
Recommended