51
“WHERE HAVE ALL THE RICEFIELDS GONE, “WHERE HAVE ALL THE RICEFIELDS GONE, GONE TO MINING GONE TO MINING GONE TO MININGGONE TO MININGTHE CASE OF MACARTHUR, THE CASE OF MACARTHUR, LEYTE LEYTE Presented by Maria Aurora T.W. Presented by Maria Aurora T.W. Tabada Tabada, Director Director, Institute of Strategic Research and Development Institute of Strategic Research and Development Studies, Studies, Visayas Visayas State University, during the GIZ State University, during the GIZENRD Program 4 ENRD Program 4 th th Quarterly Team Meeting on 14 October Quarterly Team Meeting on 14 October 2011 @ CCE, VSU 2011 @ CCE, VSU

MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ“WHERE HAVE ALL THE RICEFIELDS GONE, GONE TO MINING…” THE CASE OF MACARTHUR, LEYTEPresented by Maria Aurora T.W. Tabada, Director, Institute of Strategic Research and Development Studies, Visayas State University, during the GIZ-ENRD Program 4th Quarterly Team Meeting on 14 October 2011 @ CCE, VSU

Citation preview

Page 1: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

“WHERE HAVE ALL THE RICEFIELDS GONE, “WHERE HAVE ALL THE RICEFIELDS GONE, GONE TO MINING ”GONE TO MINING ”GONE TO MINING…” GONE TO MINING…” 

THE CASE OF MACARTHUR, THE CASE OF MACARTHUR, LEYTELEYTE

Presented by Maria Aurora T.W. Presented by Maria Aurora T.W. TabadaTabada, , DirectorDirector, ,  Institute of Strategic Research and Development Institute of Strategic Research and Development Studies, Studies, VisayasVisayas State University, during the GIZState University, during the GIZ‐‐ENRD Program 4ENRD Program 4thth Quarterly Team Meeting on 14 October Quarterly Team Meeting on 14 October 2011 @ CCE, VSU2011 @ CCE, VSU

Page 2: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

• VSU created a TEAM to respond to the request• VSU created a TEAM to respond to the request of Liwayway‐Danao‐Romualdez‐ Imelda‐Maya Irrigators’ Association (LIDAROIMA) throughIrrigators  Association (LIDAROIMA)  through NIA, Archdiocese of Palo, and the Macarthur Parish

• General objective of the study was to determine the biophysical, social, and p y , ,economic effects of the mining activities of NICUA Corporation in MacArthur, Leyte

Page 3: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

• Describe the general profile of the affected g pcommunities;

• Describe the profile of the mining project;Describe the profile of the mining project;

• Describe differences if any, observed in the community since the start of the miningcommunity since the start of the mining activities;

d f h d ff / bl f h• Identify the perceived effects/problems of the mining activities in the area

• Recommend specific courses of action  

Page 4: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

Bi h i l ll i f il d• Biophysical aspects: collection of soil and water (freshwater and marine) samples for 

l i l i tianalysis, ocular inspection

• Social & economic aspects:  focus group discussions, key informant interviews, review of secondary data 

• Data collection: August – October 2010 

Page 5: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

THE MINING PROJECTS INTHE MINING PROJECTS IN MACARTHUR, LEYTE 

Page 6: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

MAGNETITE MININGMAGNETITE MINING• Magnetite mining;  black sand/iron sand with tit ititanium

• Leyte Ironsand Project of the Strong Built (Mining) Development Corporation (MPSA No 254 2007 VIII)Development Corporation (MPSA No. 254‐2007‐VIII) issued on July 28, 2007  covering 7,411.556 ha in the municipalities of MacArthur and Javier, Leyte p , y

• Mt. Mogan Resources and Development Corp. (EP‐VIII‐0MR‐11‐2009) issued on Dec. 23, 2009 – Dec. 22, 2011 covering 15,781.6110 ha in the offshore areas of Tanauan, Tolosa, Dulag, MayorgaMacArthur & Abuyog LeyteMacArthur & Abuyog, Leyte

Page 7: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD
Page 8: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Leyte Magnetite ProjectLeyte Magnetite ProjectMPSA NO.   PERMITEE AREA (ha) LOCATION DURATION REMARKS290‐2009‐VIII  Vincent 

i523.57  Javier and 

A h29 Sep 2009 –28 S 2034

Mines O iTan Tiong MacArthur, 

Leyte 28 Sep 2034 Operating 

Agreement with NICUA Corp. dated 2 N bNovember 2009   

317‐2010‐VIII  Edgar L. Li

776.88    MacArthur,  L P d

10 Feb 2010 – 9 F b 2035

Mines O tiLim  La Paz and 

Mayorga, Leyte 

9 Feb 2035 Operating Agreement with NICUA Corp. dated 30 April 2010

• ECC (Ref. Code: 1006‐0016) issued on 11 June 2010• Maximum annual production of 2 million WMT

April 2010Total    1300.45  

Maximum annual production of 2 million WMT • Use of Chinese technology and skilled manpower

Page 9: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

LEYTE IRONSAND CORPORATIONLEYTE IRONSAND CORPORATION

The Nicua group has over a period of the past 5‐6 yearsThe Nicua group has over a period of the past 5‐6 years, conducted extensive exploration and metallurgical testwork on its Leyte magnetite iron ore project. HSMC f d l f h l

http://hengshengmining.com/ downloaded 27 October 2010

farmed in on a large portion of the project late in 2009.

Page 10: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

• The venture is well located logistically, beingThe venture is well located logistically, being near to existing low cost geothermal power, and adjacent to the coast for ease of shipping. It has social and political support and is environmentally sound.

• LIC controls some 20,402 ha of claims in Leyte, and the claims are all mineralized and cover a flat area of rice paddies and coconut plantations.

Page 11: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Floating dredges suck up the sand and upgrade the iron sands using an onboard rougher magnetic separator (MSU) to a concentrate containing approx 56% Fe. 

hauled by trucks a distance of 1.5 km to the port owned by LIS ready for

upgraded by to the port owned by LIS ready for shipping.

grinding in ball mills 

Page 12: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Congratulations to Leyte Ironto Leyte Iron-sand Corp on the first batch ofthe first batch of iron concentrate October 20 2010October 20, 2010

Group photo of part of Chinesepart of Chinese engineers & technicianstechnicians .

Page 13: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Timeline http://hengshengmining.com/Time Event

MAY 2009 Start to develop and prepare southern part of the mine area in 1200 hec.

July - Nov Complete the construction of roadwork in mine area and connection towards theJuly Nov. 2009

Complete the construction of roadwork in mine area and connection towards the port.

Feb 2010 Complete the construction of the port, capable of handling monthly turnover of 150,000-200,000 ton

Feb 2010 Complete the construction of an initial magnetic separator plant and another final magnetic separator plant for a total of two plants.

Feb 2010 Complete the first production line, and pilot run capable of monthly production Feb 2010 p p p p y pof 15,000 ton iron with the grade of 60%

Mar - Apr 2010

Install another six production lines and reach the capacity of 60,000-80,000 ton monthly

Jul-Aug 2010

Install two more production lines and reach the capacity of 100,000 ton monthly to meet the demand of Chinese customers.

2011 We plan to reach annual capacity of 1-1.5million ton

2012 We plan to reach annual capability of 2million ton

 

Page 14: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

THE AFFECTED COMMUNITIESTHE AFFECTED COMMUNITIES

Page 15: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

MACARTHUR PROFILEMACARTHUR PROFILE• Income class:   5th  class

T l l i 17 608 (9 802 50% f• Total population:  17,608 (9,802; 50% of 

population) 

• Total households:  3,133 

• Total land area:  7,344.6627 sq. km

• No. of barangays:  31 (14 affected)

• Primary livelihoods agriculture: ricePrimary livelihoods agriculture:  rice

fisheries

• Others mining (2010)• Others mining  (2010)

Source: LGPMS, 2009

Page 16: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

FINANCIAL PROFILEFINANCIAL PROFILE

• IRA: 32 121 629 00• IRA: 32, 121,629.00

• Local sourced revenue: 2,461,436.39

• Other revenues: 4,553,419.55

• Total LGU income: 39,136,484.94

Source: LGPMS, 2009

Page 17: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Mostly rice farmers, some have coconutsOther sources of income: driving; Land tenure: 80% are tenants; many landowners reside outside MacArthurProduce sold at farm, to the financier or in neighboring Abuyog since no market in town t

Page 18: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

WATERWATER

Page 19: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Declining rice and coconut harvests partly due to extreme weather conditions lack of water pestsconditions, lack of water, pests

Page 20: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

WHAT IS AT STAKE?WHAT IS AT STAKE?LAKE BITO & LIVELIHOODS OFLIVELIHOODS OF TILAPIA FISHERS

I i t d RICE FIELDSIrrigated RICE FIELDS and the LIVELIHOODS of 374 farmers

Page 21: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Balire South River Irrigation SystemBalire South River Irrigation System• Total rice field area  275.9731 has

covered by mining firm

• Average rice yield per hectare 80 cavans/ha

• No. of cropping seasons per year 2

• Annual production 10,132 MT

• Total no. of farmers in area    374 farmers 

• Amount of investment P120M

Source: NIA BIG Irrigation System, Macarthur, Leyte

Page 22: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD
Page 23: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

OBSERVED PROBLEMS WITH MINING OPERATION

Livelihood displacement (no more farms to farm)  

Not all affected farmers are employed at NICUA

Not all farmers in the area agree with the miningNot all farmers in the area agree with the mining

Other owners who sold their lands to NICUA are t li i i th lnot living in the place 

Adjacent unsold rice areas are affected by the mining operation

Water level of Lake Bito seems to be lower: report of fish kill

Page 24: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

OBSERVATIONS WITH THE MINING OPERATION  

Operation is 22 hours; VERY NOISY; children cannot study because of noise; have difficulty sleeping; ground shakes like there is an earthquake

Water source disturbance/competition duringWater source disturbance/competition during operation: no water when pumps operate; water is muddy; even at 20 ft. no more waterwater is muddy;  even at 20 ft. no more water unlike before at 15 ft. can get water

Water in the ricefields do not get impoundedWater in the ricefields do not get impounded anymore 

Page 25: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY

• No posting of noticeNo posting of notice  

• People aware because NICUA already operatingoperating

• No assembly done in barangays (EIS show one bli l i i h i i l h ldpublic consultation in the municipal gym held 

on 28 May 2010)  

• Only barangays covered by LIDAROIMA signed a petition against mining

Page 26: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

FARMERS PERCEIVED IMPACTSFARMERS PERCEIVED IMPACTS• Destruction of area (Kadaot; magun‐ob)H f th f (G t )• Hunger for the farmers (Gutom sa mag‐uma)

• Children cannot study (Dili na maka‐eskwela)• No farm work available because no more farms• No farm work available because no more farms (Wala nay magpasuhol kay waray tuna)

• If the Balire river overflows, will drown (Kon, (magbaha ang Balire, malunod kami)

• Fish kill (Ma‐poison ang isda sa Danao Lake)• Villa Imelda will transfer to Pongon (because of ponding;  mabalhin sa Pongon)

• Lower water level at Lake Bito (Mobali ang tubig• Lower water level at Lake Bito (Mobali ang tubig,  naibanan na ang tubig sa Lake Bito)

Page 27: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

PROTEST OUTSIDE THE NICUATHE NICUA COMPANY SITE ON 15 FEBRUARY 20115 FEBRUARY 2010 

Page 28: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

BIOPHYSICAL FINDINGSBIOPHYSICAL FINDINGS

Page 29: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Table 1. Summary of soil physical properties.

Bulk Particle Sampling

Spot Depth (cm) Texture

density (g cm-3)

density (g cm-3) Porosity

Ksat (cm d-1)

A 0-30 Sandy Clay 0.87 2.66 0.67 3,177.66

30-60 Loamy Sand 1.53 2.88 0.47 4,305.72 30 60 Loamy Sand 1.53 2.88 0.47 4,305.72

B

0-30 Sandy Clay 0.93 2.54 0.64 1,296.92

30-60 Loamy Sand 0.91 2.47 0.63 999.85

C

0-30 Sandy Clay 0.90 2.28 0.61 not determined

30-60 Loamy Sand 1.16 2.67 0.56 887.02

D 0 30 S d Cl 0 88 2 36 0 63 996 26D

0-30 Sandy Clay 0.88 2.36 0.63 996.26

30-60 Loamy Sand 1.43 2.92 0.51 1,472.43

 

Ksat values of the soil range from around 900 cm d‐1 to over 4,000 cm d‐1. These values mean that the soil very effectively allows water to pass through. 

Page 30: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Table 2. Estimation of groundwater drawdownand volume of water  drawn into excavation (VWDE)

Average Porosity* 0.54 Sample Excavation Depth (m) 10 00Depth (m) 10.00 Average Depth to WT (m)**  0.24 

lSample Area – one hectare (m2) 10,000Ground Water Drawdown (m) 4.33 VWDE  per hectare (m3) 44 603(m )  44,603

 *- average porosity of the 30- 60 cm layer of the four sampling spots** - average depth to the water table at the four sampling spots at the time of sampling

Page 31: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

• Mining operations with an excavation depth ofMining operations with an excavation depth of 10 to 15 m.

• That a 10 m deep excavation could lead to• That a 10 m‐deep excavation could lead to drawdown from the observed WT depth of 0 24 m to as deep as 4 33 m from the surface0.24 m to as deep as 4.33 m from the surface. 

• the presence of a nearby source of water, as a hi h 44 603 3 f t ld b dhigh as 44,603 m3 of water could be drawn into the 10 m deep excavation for every h t f t dhectare of area excavated

Page 32: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

• If there is a source of water nearby such as a river or a lake, an actual drawdown of the WT level may not be observed. This is because water from a river or lake, or even from the surrounding locations of the aquifer (including subsurface drinking water sources) may be drawn into the excavation; 

• expected in areas with very high Ksat such as the surveyed site

Page 33: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

• Continued excavation in an area with a very• Continued excavation in an area with a very conductive soil would continue to draw water from surface water sources such as nearby afrom surface water sources such as nearby a river or lake, or from the aquifer adjacent to the excavation The water budget in a nearby lakeexcavation. The water budget in a nearby lake could be disturbed which may endanger the year‐round water supply in a lakeyear‐round water supply in a lake. 

Page 34: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

2. It is likely that during times that the excavation pumps in the mining site are turned on water supply in water wells in 

b h i b d l ff dnearby home sites may be adversely affected.3. Ponding of the deep excavations in mining sites 

is almost guaranteed This means that it wouldis almost guaranteed. This means that it would be very difficult to rehabilitate the site to revert the area to its previous agriculturally‐p g yproductive state. 

Page 35: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITYSampling

SitepH Hardness

(ppm CO3)DOppm

TDSppm

TSSppm

S1 7.3 Hard(163)

8.4(-)

8110 300

S2 7.5 Very Hard 8.3 8550 380S2 7.5 Very Hard(204)

8.3(-)

8550 380

S3 8.2 (6.8)* Soft(10)

8.4(-)

560 20

S4 7.2 Soft(11)

7.6(11)

70 30

S5 7.0 Soft(11)

8.5(11)

50 30(11) (11)

S6 7.2 Soft(11)

8.2(16)

120 40

S F b 2010 l i l i ti ti tSource: February 2010 ecological investigation team

Page 36: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY

• Results obtained are inconclusive becauseResults obtained are inconclusive because they reflect only one sampling incidence

• pH values obtained were tolerable but Lake• pH values obtained were tolerable but Lake Bito  water was found to be rather alkaline

DO l h d ll d i ll• DO values showed well aerated water in all sampling sites; Sites S4‐S6 showed high 

iorganic matter content

Page 37: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

MARINE WATERS

• Biodiversity Fishes InvertebratesBanak Shells (24/m2)Bangus KuholT l ki k Ali−Fishes and invertebrates were observed Talakitok AlimangoMangagat LambayTilapia BanaganSaminsamin Balat

Fishes and invertebrates were observed mainly.  Interview showed that the estuary of Balere River is a fishing ground for economically important 

Gobies Sea starsTurnos CoralsBolinaoMayamaya

fishes (Table 1).−Fishes and invertebrates were not abundant.  Fishes caught were usually of small size

MamsaKatambakSapsapLapalapa

small size.−Empty shells of kuhol, a freshwater univalve, were abundant which indicate that they were carried by the water from h l d h Bulanbulan

BaloBugsongTambangongo/hito

the upland to the estuary.

g gTalho/tiktikiBisugoPata

Page 38: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

RESULTS

• Biodiversity

Page 39: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

SEDIMENTATION

• Sedimentation−Dominant sediment is sand.Highest deposition was at the−Highest deposition was at the mouth of the river (station 3) and lowest at 100m upstream.  −These indicate strong water flow.  −Sand covers and smothers the aquatic organisms.  −Gills of fishes and invertebrates would be blocked resulting towould be blocked resulting to suffocation and death of the organisms.  −silt and clay mostly towards the marine area.  −seawater was highly turbid; this lessen the amount of light penetration in the water columnpenetration in the water column that could affect the productivity and growth of marine plants and corals.

Page 40: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL FACTORS

− increasing trend of stream flow towards the river mouth.  

−as the width decreases towards the mouth of the river, the water speed increases resulting to high di t l d t thsediment load at the 

estuary. −dissolved oxygen was highest at the marinehighest at the marine environment due to wave action.

Page 41: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

• The low abundance of aquatic fauna could be due to the high sedimentationcould be due to the high sedimentation of the Balere estuary.  

• Anthropogenic activities, such as mining, in the upland area would likely to exacerbate the sedimentation, and ultimately will lead to the ecological instability of the estuarine ecosystem.

Page 42: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

ECONOMIC ASPECTECONOMIC ASPECTTable 1.    N e t   I n c o m e   f r o m   r i c e   f a r m i n g   p e r   h e c t a r e.    Average 

Yield per hectare (cavan) 

Net Income Per Year (P) 

 

Net Income Per Cropping (P) 

 (cavan) 

 N I C U A   r e p o r t  73  57,660  28,830  N I A  80 48,880  24,440

    

   

Note:  If we follow the rice farming period which is 

3‐4  months, the farmers must have  other sources 

of income as an add on from rice farming

of income as an add‐on from rice farming.

Page 43: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

• Hiring rate at NICUA Corporation vs Income from rice farming• Hiring rate at NICUA Corporation vs Income from rice farming

Table 2.  Labor employment of Nicua.  

A) @ 22‐days work permonthA) @ 22‐days work per month  Wage Rate per 

Day (P) Monthly 

Income (P)  

For Three Months 

For Four Months 

Labor 220 4,840 14,520 19,360 Labor  220 4,840  14,520 19,360 Mason‐Carpenter  250  5,500  16,500   22,000  Electrician  280 6,160  18,480 24,640 B) @ 30 days work per month   Wage Rate (P)  Monthly 

Income (P)  

For Three Months 

For Four Months 

 Labor  220  6,600  19,800  26,400  Mason‐Carpenter  250 7,500  22,500 30,000 Electrician  280  8,400  25,200  33,600  Note:  Average Income from Rice Farming per Cropping    Nicua Report    P 28,830   NIA    P 24,440

Page 44: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

Value of Rice Fields as per purchase price of NICUAValue of Rice Fields as per purchase price of NICUATWO OPTIONS1. Outright Sale of Land 

N ti t d t b l M k t t• Negotiated,  not below Market rates

2. Buy‐back Option (1/2 of the amount is given to the farmers, the other ½ is held in trust in the bankfarmers, the other ½ is held in trust in the bank which will serve as payment for the “buy‐back” of the land)• Foregone income is giveng g

Farmers have very minimal opportunity cost of capitalopportunity cost of capital thus, the purchase price of rice lands by NICUA is low.rice lands by NICUA is low.

Page 45: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

• Value of Rice Fields as per purchase price of NICUAValue of Rice Fields as per purchase price of NICUA

Table 3.  P u r c h a s e   p r i c e   o f   N i c u a   p e r   h e c t a r e.    P U R C H A S E   P R I C E   O F   N I C U A      P U R C H A S E   P R I C E   O F   N I C U A    

P E R   H E C T A R E MINING 

OPERATION 160,000  170,000  180,000  

  L A N D    R E N T 

(Years)  Per Year Per Month Per Year Per Month Per Year Per Month

10  16,000  1,333.33  17,000  1,416.67  18,000  1,50015 10667 88889 11333 944 44 12000 100015  10,667 888.89 11,333 944.44 12,000 1,00020  8,000  666.67  8,500  708.33  9,000  750 25  6,400 533.33 6,800 566.67 7,200 600     

Page 46: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

FOOD SECURITYFOOD SECURITY• As a consequence of conversion there is less area for rice productionrice production.  

• These areas covered by the LMP overlaps with the service area of the Balire South River Irrigation System 

d h N i l I i i Ad i i i b dunder the National Irrigation Administration based at MacArthur, Leyte.  

• The NIA service area at MacArthur covers a total area of 275.9731 hectares affecting 374 farmers, or an average area of 0.74 ha/farmer. There are two croppings per year (wet and dry) with an average yield pp g p y ( y) g yper hectare of 80 cavans. Total yield for the entire area is 22,077.848 cavans or 1,103,892.4 mt.

Page 47: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

GENERAL LAYOUTBALIRE SOUTH IRSBALIRE SOUTH IRS

Area Mined By NICUA = 15 - 20 has As of 11/5/2010

Page 48: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

ISSUESISSUES

• Processes to ensure community yparticipation were circumvented; people were not informedwere not informed

• Absence of transparency and failure of  national agencies and concerned LGUs to gperform their legally mandated functions

Page 49: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

ISSUESISSUES

• Conversion of rice fields without following gapproved process (NICUA argues that this is just temporary in nature and not j p ypermanent), 

• Damage to the irrigation system andDamage  to the irrigation system and ricefields of farmers 

• Decline in rice yields which are likely to lead• Decline in rice yields which are likely to lead to a loss of food security for municipality and Leyte provinceand Leyte province

Page 50: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

CONCERNSCONCERNS• The basic issue is really whether mining should be allowed to continue in Leyte Island 

• Need to review existing policies that are conflicting: – mining and ecotourism

– Mining and becoming the food hub of Eastern Visayas

• Passage of policy on NO GO ZONES for mining

• Preparation of CLUPs by LGUs must be strictly enforced and sanctions done

Page 51: MacArthur Assessment Results - GIZ ENRD

CONCERNSCONCERNS• Mechanism for ensuring communities are 

f li ti t d t b i daware of applications, etc need to be reviewed and put in place

• If mining continues, communities should be trained to monitor the mining activities

• The need for the civil society groups especially the church to engage the mining companies from the perspective of stewardship and sustainable development