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Xinjiang (新疆 )The PRC’s Domestic PolicyBy: Jacob Rusoff
Xinjiang• Officially The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous
Region (XUAR) • Borders 8 countries
Afghanistan, Russia, Mongolia, India, Pakistan Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan
• Largest Region in China by Area 642,800 Sq. Miles (Approx.. 17% of China’s total
area) Roughly the Size of Mongolia
• Population: 21,813,334 Roughly the size of Taiwan (Approx. 15% of China’s total population)
• Capital: Ürümqi
46.1
39.2
14.7
Population by Ethinicity in Xinjiang (2008)
Uyghur Han Other
China’s History in Xinjiang• A historically nomadic and ethnically diverse region• 121 BCE Han Dynasty defeat the Xiongnu to the West formally spreading
control to Xinjiang• Trade routes developed overtime creating the silk road• Large numbers of ethnic groups
begin to emigrate to Xnjiang Influx of Uyghurs in 840AD
• Power of the dynasties fluctuated but they continued to have administrative control over Xinjiang
• Tang Dynasty increased ethnic tension
• Qing Dynasty suppressed nationalistic and foreign insurrections Pragmatic
Autonomous Region• 1955 Xinjiang was converted from a,
“Province” to an, “Autonomous Region”• Provide constitutional rights, not
afforded to provinces, in an attempt to promote social harmony and national unity in multi-ethnic regions Chairman must be of the titular ethnicity Have financial autonomy
• Not actually the case More of a means to provide a façade of
self-determination Power in the hands of the local CCP
secretary; HanXinjian
g (Uyg
hur)
Tibet
(Tibe
tan)
Inner
Mongo
lia (M
ongo
l)
Ningxia
(Hui)
Guang
xi (Zh
uang
)0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
Ethnicities of the Autonomous Regions of China
Primary Non-Han Ethnic Group Han Chinese
Ethnic-Based Civil Unrest• 1911 waves of global nationalism
and the fall of the Qing Dynasty Uyghurs twice tried to create an
independent state unsuccessfully• 1949 Communist Revolution
Power consolidation in Xinjiang made a priority
Beginning of incentivized “Hanification”
• 1991 Fall of Soviet Union Increased nationalism and
separatism in Xinjiang as Central Asian countries gained independent states
• Chinese Crack Down 1995 ban of Meshreps (religious social
gatherings) 2015 ban on religion in state-owned
entities, and online Unconstitutional imprisonment Torture
• “Terrorism” March 2014 Train Station Attack May 2014 Ürümqi Bus Bombing
Hanification• Starts in 1949• Exponential Hanification more recently• Increasing Ethnic Tensins• The Xinjiang Production and Construction
Corp (XPCC) SOE charged with the construction and
operation of agricultural communities Controlled areas have population of 2.6 Million
(86% Ethnically Han) 17% of Xinjiang GDP
• Government Incentives 2015 Qiemo Intermarriage Subsidy
$1,600 a year for 5 years Priority housing Government Jobs Health Care Benefits, Free Child Education
82.7
6.211.1
Population by Ethinicity in Xinjiang 1945
Uyghur Han Other
46.1
39.2
14.7
Population by Ethinicity in Xinjiang (2008)
Uyghur Han Other
Economic and Geopolitical Importance• Massive mineral and ore reserves
Iron Ore reserves totaling 750 million tons, larger then South Africa’s total proven reserves
• Vast fossil fuel resources such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal Natural gas reserves estimated at 30 billion tons,
accounting for roughly 25% of the domestic total Coal reserves are 38% of the domestic total equating to
reserves of approximately 44 billion tons
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%100.0%
17%17%18%17%20%18%17%18%17%20%21%22%19%19%21%23%26%27%28%30%
42%42%46%49%48%45%50%47%48%45%41%38%
37%38%39%36%36%37%35%35%
41%41%36%34%32%37%34%35%35%36%38%40%44%42%39%41%38%36%38%36%
Xinjiang GDP by Sector (1995-2014)
Agriculture Industry Service
Xinjiang Beijing Shanghai0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%
9
25
31
14%10%
7%
GDP Growth (2010-2014)
Out of 31 Provinces Avg Annual GDP Growth Rate
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