History of IT industry, Internet and Hacker Culture

情報システム論 IT産業の歴史

History of IT industry Internet and Hackers

10/24/2013 よしおかひろたか（楽天株式会社）

hyoshiok@gmail.com http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hyoshiok/

twitter: @hyoshiok

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•  Be a Hacker •  Change the World Better

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•  The future is already here — it's just not very evenly distributed.

by William Gibson

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Agenda

•  History of IT Industry, Internet and Hackers – OSS – Hacker Culture – Community, Engineer’s career

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whoami

Name: Hiro Yoshioka Title: Technical Managing Officer Company: Rakuten, Inc 2009 – present My mission: Empower Our Engineers Twitter: @hyoshiok http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hyoshiok (Diary in Japanese) http://someday-join-us.blogspot.jp/ (in English)

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whoami

Name: Hiro Yoshioka 2009-present, Rakuten 2000-2008, Miracle Linux, CTO 2002-2003, OSDL board member 1994-2000, Oracle 1984-1994, DEC 1984 Keio University (MS) I have one patch to Linux Kernel J x86: cache pollution aware patch 2006/6/23, 2.6.18 http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=c22ce143d15eb288543fe9873e1c5ac1c01b69a1

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Who are we?

l  Rakuten, Inc.

l  Internet services company

l  Founded : Feb. 7th 1997, Tokyo, Japan

l  The first service: Rakuten Ichiba (shopping mall)

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Who are we?

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Rakuten in Japan

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Agenda

•  History of IT Industry – OSS – Hacker Culture – Community, Engineer’s career

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IT industry

•  Vertical Integration – by ’80’s •  Horizontal – from ‘80’s •  Open Systems •  Internet, ‘90’s •  Open Source Software – from

1998 •  Web 2.0, 2005

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Internet Age

•  Collaboration with somebody – OSS (Open Source Software) – Wikipedia – Facebook, twitter – Community – Youtube – 2ch – …

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•  Blog •  SNS •  Cost of finding people becomes

all most zero.

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Free software

•  GNU project, 1985 •  Linux, 1991 •  Ruby, 1993 •  Open Source Software, 1998

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GNU Project

•  Distributed by Magnetic Tapes – you send money to FSF – FSF send you a tape (lately

CDROM) •  Not bazaar model

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Internet

•  Xmosaic – 1993 •  Windows 95 – 1995 •  Open Source Netscape – 1998

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OSS – Open Source Software

•  OSS and Free Software •  1998, Opened Netscape’s

browser source code •  Open Source Software

– Free Software: Freedom is important

– OSS: Not only freedom

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OSS

•  Value – Freedom of Software – Global software development model

•  Evolution of software by collaboration

•  Cathedral and Bazaar – Eric Raymond, 1997

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Bazaar

•  Software Development Model •  Engagement

– Users become Developers •  Develop by Community

–  individual vs. organization – volunteers

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Hacker Culture

•  Common Value

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Hacker Ethics

•  Sharing •  Openness •  Decentraization •  Free access to computers •  World improvement •  Levy, Steven. (1984, 2001). Hackers: Heroes of

the Computer Revolution (updated edition). Penguin. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/729

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Hacker Ethics

•  Access to computers—and anything which might teach you something about the way the world works—should be unlimited and total. Always yield to the Hands-On Imperative!

•  All information should be free •  Mistrust authority – promote decentralization •  Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not

criteria such as degrees, age, race, sex, or position •  You can create art and beauty on a computer •  Computers can change your life for the better

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Hacker Culture, Common Value

•  Computers can change your life for the better •  rough consensus and working code

•  http://www.ietf.org/tao.html •  It’s better to ask forgiveness than permission.

•  If it's a good idea, go ahead and do it. It is much easier to apologize than it is to get permission. By Grace Hopper

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Internet, Joichi Ito •  The ethos of the Internet

•  everyone should have the freedom to connect, to innovate, to program, without asking permission.

•  No one can know the whole of the network, and by design it cannot be centrally controlled.

•  This network was intended to be decentralized, its assets widely distributed. Today most innovation springs from small groups at its “edges.”

•  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/06/science/joichi-ito-innovating-by-the-seat-of-our-pants.html?_r=2&

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What Happened to Yahoo, Paul Graham •  In 1998. Yahoo had two problems Google

didn't: easy money, and ambivalence about being a technology company.

•  Which companies need to have a hacker-centric culture? •  Any company that needs to have good

software.

•  http://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html

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What Happened to Yahoo, Paul Graham •  Good programmers want to work at hacker-

centric culture. •  Without good programmers you won’t get good

software. •  http://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html

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The Hacker Way (Facebook) IPO 2012

•  Code wins arguments •  Continuous Improvement and Iteration •  Open and Meritocratic •  Hackathon •  Bootcamp •  http://www.wired.com/business/2012/02/zuck-

letter/

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http://blogs-images.forbes.com/jasonoberholtzer/files/2011/06/Talent_traffic.gif

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Hacker-centric Culture •  Software Development in Internet Age

•  Hire good programmers •  Good programmers want to work with

good programmers at hacker centric culture

•  Build good work place •  Good programmers make good services

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Web 2.0 •  Software products vs Internet Services

•  http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html 9/30/2005

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Web_2.0_Map.svg

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Netscape vs Google •  A native web application, never sold or

packaged, but delivered as a service •  None of the trappings of the old software

industry are present. •  No scheduled software releases, just continuous

improvement. •  No licensing or sale, just usage. •  No porting to different platforms, …, just a

massively scalable collection of commodity PCs running OSS operating systems plus homegrown applications and utilities that no one outside the company ever gets to see.

http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html

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Community

•  Seminar, meetings, conference,

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IT Seminar Calendar of Japan

http://bit.ly/QmRFiS more than 300 meetings/month

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Conferences in Japan 䜹䞁䝣䜯䝺䞁䝇䜹䞁䝣䜯䝺䞁䝇

http://ll.jus.or.jp/2013/ http://phpcon.php.gr.jp/w/2012/ http://yapcasia.org/2013/ http://2012.pycon.jp/index.html http://nodefest.jp/2012/ http://rubykaigi.org/2013

http://connpass.com/event/2253/?disp_content=presentation#tabs

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Conference

•  Running by volunteers •  Inexpensive, e.g., 5000 yen/day ($50/day) •  Numbers attendees; more than 100 - 1000 •  Sharing technical knowledge and networking •  Beer Bash or Drinking Party (optional) •  Examples, LL event, PHP Conference, YAPC (Yet

another perl conference), RubyKaigi, Tokyo Node Gakuen (Javascript)

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cf. Commercial Conference

•  Running by corporation •  Expensive, e.g., $300-$500/day •  Numbers attendees; more than 1000 •  Sharing technical knowledge and networking •  Party (optional) •  Examples, OSCON $2045 (5 days),

http://www.oscon.com/oscon2013

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Volunteer driven meetups, conference

•  Good Points •  Organizer; You can organize what you want.

•  Contents, speakers, date, time, place, fee •  Presenters; You can share your idea. •  Participants;

•  Bad Points •  You need to do everything. (You may have help

from community)

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Sustainable meetups, conference

•  Value of meetup > Cost of meetups •  Increase value •  Decrease cost

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Self Introduction

•  Ethnography 民族誌 •  a branch of anthropology dealing with the

scientific description of individual cultures.

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Ethnography, computer industry

•  Field study of Computer Industry instead of undeveloped region. •  Understand corporate culture •  Describe corporate culture •  Develop better corporate culture •  Corporate culture is difficult to understand

from outside

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Ethnography

•  The Soul of New Machine（超マシン誕生） •  Show Stopper（闘うプログラマ） •  i-mode 事件 •  Engineering Culture（洗脳するマネジメント） •  Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution

（ハッカーズ）

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whoami

Name: Hiro Yoshioka 2009-present, Rakuten 2000-2008, Miracle Linux, CTO 2002-2003, OSDL board member 1994-2000, Oracle 1984-1994, DEC

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Digital Equipment Corporation

•  Corporate Culture •  The first company gives you strong

impressions… •  Computer vendor, 2nd largest, 1957-90’s •  Acquired by Compaq in 1998, merged with HP

in 2002

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Digital Equipment Corporation

•  Corporate Culture •  Midnight project •  internal computer network •  information sharing

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Hacker-centric Culture •  Why do we need it?

•  Common Good •  Competitiveness •  Best practice

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Hacker-centric Culture •  Why do we need it for me?

•  It is fun. •  Reasons

•  Common good (make better world) •  Competitiveness (win a competition) •  Best practice (increase productivity)

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How do we foster it? •  Corporate culture is developed by implicit and

explicit way •  Only insiders know it

Socialization 共同化

Externalization 表出化

Combination 連結化

Internalization 内面化

Tacit/暗黙知 Tacit

Explicit

Explicit

Tacit Tacit

Explicit/形式知 Explicit

Challenge of a Global Knowledge-Creating Organization

Ø 共同化（Socialization） This process focuses tacit to tacit. Ø 表出化（Externalization） This process focuses tacit to explicit. knowledge. Ø 連結化（Combination） Knowledge transforms from explicit to explicit. Ø 内面化（Internalization） Tacit knowledge is created using explicit knowledge and shared across the organization.

Knowledge needs to move from “Tacit to Explicit” and “Explicit to Tacit” This is especially hard for Global Companies!

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How do we foster it? •  Tacit (implicit) Knowledge

•  material: manager, mentor, colleagues •  methods: work, job, study sessions, lunch,

drinking, hackerthons, SNS, … •  Explicit Knowledge

•  strategy, guideline, rule, procedure, tools

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How do we foster it? •  Tacit (implicit) Knowledge

•  Super Sale live on Enterprise SNS

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Corporate Community

•  Community of practice •  Organization: Vertical •  Project: Horizontal •  Community: Not Vertical, Not

Horizontal •  sharing value

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The Hacker Way (Facebook)

•  Code wins arguments •  Continuous Improvement and Iteration •  Open and Meritocratic •  Hackathon •  Bootcamp •  http://www.wired.com/business/2012/02/zuck-

letter/

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The Hacker Way (Facebook)

•  Hackathon •  Demo or Die •  Pizza and Beer

at Yammer, 10/28/’12

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•  How to be a good Engineer (specialist)? •  Learn how to learn •  knowledge is less important than skill •  Be lifetime learner

http://learningpatterns.sfc.keio.ac.jp/

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Rakuten

•  Learning •  Global Experience Program •  International (oversea) Technical

Conference •  Hands on Trainings

Global training Training is very important.

SF Agile Development Center DU members

■SF Agile Development Center　training

【The number of participants】6　employees 【Training period 】25 Sep 2011 – 15 Dec 2011

Work and Life in San Francisco

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Famous steep hills are all around the city

Internal meeting in the house

The local specialty Clam Chowder

Joined Linkshare’s Soccer Team

Robotics and AI meetup at San Francisco Univ.

Bayside view from Fisherman's Wharf

Project Meeting

SFADC office

Member’s desk

DU’ve promoted Globalization : GEP/OSC/Englishnization

GEP: 8 trainings, 28 trainees. OSC: 140 conferences, 468 members

2012 result

,17 countries.

As part of it, DAD’ve helped GEP, OSC and EP program.

Last year, DU sent many people to overseas.

TrainingOne  day  hands-‐‑‒on

https://www.facebook.com/RakutenTech

Technical Trainings

Mary  Poppendieck  come  to  Japan  in  April.  She  developed  “Lean  Software  Development”  which  like  TOYOTA  Production  System(TPS).And  she  is  known  famous  leader,  consultant  about  software  development  in  USA.  

Leaderʼ’s  WorkshopTechnical Trainings

Janet  Gregoryis  the  founder  of  DragonFire,  Inc.,  an  agile  quality  process  consultancy  and  training  firm.  Her  passion  is  helping  teams  build  quality  systems.  Since  1998,  she  has  worked  as  a  coach  and  tester  introducing  agile  practices  into  both  large  and  small  companies.  

Software  TestTechnical Trainings

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Community

•  Collaboration tools (Wiki, bug tracking system)

•  Techtalks •  Technology Conference

Socialization 共同化

Externalization 表出化

Combination 連結化

Internalization 内面化

Tacit/暗黙知 Tacit Explicit Explicit

Tacit Tacit

Explicit/形式知 Explicit

Challenge of a Global Knowledge-Creating Organization

Ø 共同化（Socialization） This process focuses tacit to tacit. Ø 表出化（Externalization） This process focuses tacit to explicit. knowledge. Ø 連結化（Combination） Knowledge transforms from explicit to explicit. Ø 内面化（Internalization） Tacit knowledge is created using explicit knowledge and shared across the organization.

Knowledge needs to move from “Tacit to Explicit” and “Explicit to Tacit” (Nonaka, Takeuchi) This is especially hard for Global Companies!

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Enterprise SNS •  Tacit (implicit) Knowledge

•  Super Sale live on Enterprise SNS

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Tech Talk ?

•  Informal technical talks by experts, running by volunteer staffs

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Topics

•  Tips about internal tools – Wiki, Network Tools, JIRA,

Confluence, git, … •  New technologies

– Mobile Applications, PaaS, agile software development, HTML5,

Many Tech Topics Big Data Agile CI

Change JIRA Cloud

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Rakuten Technology Conference •  Annual conference since 2007 by

Rakuten •  All sessions were in English (2012) •  industries’ experts and employees

sessions

Experts Sessions

Rakuten’s sessions & LT

Omotenashi

Beautiful Cosplayer

http://tech.rakuten.co.jp/rtc2012

http://www.manaslink.com/rtc2012

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2013 web site

http://tech.rakuten.co.jp

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Oct 26th

October 2013

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keynote speakers

Matz

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keynote speakers

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•  Internet changes everything. – The World is Flat. – Open Source Software – Bazaar Model – Hacker Mind

http://www.rakuten.co.jp/recruit/engineer/hackermind.html

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Moore’s Law

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law

•  Computers are getting cheaper Transistor is double every 18 to 24 months

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The Mythical Man-Month

http://www.kobobooks.com/ebook/The-Mythical-Man-Month-Essays/book-5XViaJPL_UeFtLEagIcF9A/page1.html

Frederick Brooks, JR. Brooks’ Law "adding manpower to a late software project makes it later"

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Human Centric

•  Engineers make Services and Software. – Computers are getting cheaper by

Moor’s law – Software Development is governed

by Brooks’s law. •  Hackers make the Internet.

ENGLISHNIZATION

IT’S ONLY ENGLISH

Employee Grade

Not Reached (RED)

Not Reached (YELLOW)

Not Reached (ORANGE)

Reached　Target （GREEN）

AAA -550 551-650 651-749 750- AA -500 501-600 601-699 700- A -450 451-550 551-649 650- BBB -400 401-500 501-599 600- BB -400 401-500 501-599 600- B -400 401-500 501-599 600-

RED ZONE: More than 200 points away from target YELLOW ZONE: Between 100-199 points away from target ORANGE ZONE: Between 1 – 99 points away from target GREEN ZONE: Score meets or exceeds target

ZONE DEFINITION

ZONE STATUS

29%

9% 11%

14%

36%

87%

8%

4% 5%

A M J M J A S O N D J

2011 2012

F M

16%

19% 20% 19% 17% 15% 13% 10% 7% 6% 6%

1% A

As of June 30th, 2012

42% 45% 48% 49% 51% 53% 54% 56% 58% 60% 63% 66%

Data: Ranten, Inc (Total may not equal 100% due to rounding)

4%

72%

M

80%

2%

J

RED

GREEN

ORANGE

YELLOW No Score

651.5

672.3

687.3694.7

645.6638.9632.6

625.3612.7

604.3596.3

586.9

583.6593.7593.9

589.3589.6

522.6

558.0537.8

526.2

500

520

540

560

580

600

620

640

660

680

700

2010/10 2010/11 2010/12 2011/1 2011/2 2011/3 2011/4 2011/5 2011/6 2011/7 2011/8 2011/9 2011/10 2011/11 2011/12 2012/1 2012/2 2012/3 2012/4 2012/5 2012/6/22

697.7

526.2

Oct-2010 June-2012

TOEIC Average score

TOEIC SCORE

Data: Rakuten, Inc.

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Agenda

•  History of IT Industry, Internet and Hackers – OSS – Hacker Culture – Web 2.0 – Community, Engineer’s career

87

•  The future is already here — it's just not very evenly distributed.

by William Gibson

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•  Be a Hacker •  Change the World Better