Open Source Recife

Open Source 2.0Da adolescência para o mundo dos negócios

II Encontro de SL de PernambucoRecife, 23 de abril de 2008

Cezar TaurionGerente de Novas Tecnologias AplicadasIniciativas Estratégicas IBM Brasil/Open Source Evangelistctaurion@br.ibm.comwww.ibm.com/developerworks/blogs/page/ctaurion

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• Kernel de sistema operacional baseado no MINIX, desenvolvido originalmente

• por Linus Torvalds, aluno da Universidade de Helsinki (Finlândia) em meados de 1991.

Era uma vez...

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� Nossa Estratégia Linux: Como e quandocomeçou?

� Jikes (1998)

� Relatório apresentado aoCorporate Technology Council, março de 1999

� Marco na indústria: anúncio no Linux World 2001 (1 bilhão de US$ nos próximos 3 anos)...

� Diversas Iniciativas Importantes: Eclipse,

Apache, Cloudscape, Gluecode…

�Doação de 500 Patentes de Software : “it is

hoped that other patent holders will join

IBM in establishing a patent commons for the

benefit of OSS and to encourage innovation.”

Comprometimento da IBM com Linux e Open Source

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�12/2004: IBM revolutionized the industry and “opened up” the POWER hardware platform with Power.org. Later, IBM, Sony and Toshiba also collaborated on the Cell Broadband Engine processor

Power.org: Collaboration around open POWER platform has led to exciting innovations

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IBM contributes to 150+ OSS projects

More than 1000 developers involved in OSS projects

IBM leads 80+ OSS projects

1999 / 2000

� IBM forms Linux Technology Center

� Leads Apache projects Xerces(XML4J), Xalan, SOAP

� Creates OSI-approved IBM Public License

� Strategic participation in Mozilla

� IBM becomes founding member of OSDL

2001

� Linux contributions to networking, serviceability, performance

� Mods to Apache 2.0 HTTP server

� Founder of Eclipse.org –contributing Platform

� Common Public License approved – used by Eclipse

� Creates internal bazaar using OSS methodology

2002

� Linux contributions to scalability (8-way+), reliability (stress testing, defect mgmt, doc)

� Leads Apache Web Services projects WSIF and WSIL

� Leads Eclipse projects GEF (editing), EMF (modeling), XSD (XML Schema)

� IBM contributes eServer support for Globus Toolkit 2x

2003

� IBM and SuSEachieve EAL2+ Common Criteria security cert

� Leads Apache projects Pluto (Portlet API) and WSRP4J (Remote Portal)

� Leads Eclipse projects Hyades (testing), Visual Editor, AspectJ, Equinox rich client

� Globus Toolkit 3 contributions for OGSA, OGSI

2004-2006

� IBM and Novell/SuSE achieve EAL4+ and COE compliance

� Eclipse becomes independent org –IBM contributes UML2, Web Tools, Voice Tools

� Globus Toolkit 4 is WS-I compliant

� Pledged 500 Patents to Open Source

� Partner with Zend PHP

� IBM enhances Apache partnership

- Contributes Derby database

- Helps Derby graduate from

incubation- Contributes voice recognition

- Supports Geronimo J2EE project

- Acquires Gluecode for skills

� Firefox accessibility contribution

� Aperi project founding member

� Open AJAX initiative

Nossa história no mundo Linux e Open Source...

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IBM Linux Technology Center (LTC)

Development team for all server and software platforms and other key initiatives, such as:

•Real Time Linux

•Security: EAL certifications, Trusted Computing, SELinux, sHype

•Linux on POWER, Linux on Cell,

Linux for System z and z/VM

•Virtualization: Xen/KVM,

APV support

•Systems Management: kdump,

SystemTap

Technical liaison to IBM's customersand Linux Distribution Partners

Make LinuxBetter

Enable IBMProducts

Expand LinuxReach

LTC:Over 600 developers 40+ locations100+ projects

Linux Technology Center

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Mas, o que é Open Source?

Open Source

Inovação do processo

de desenvolvimento

Modelos de negócios

“I think Linus’s cleverest and most consequential hack was notthe construction of the Linux kernel itself, but rather hisinvention of the Linux development model”. Eric Raymond, “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”

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Desenvolvimento colaborativo: o fenômeno Wikipedia (//en.wikipedia.org)

� Imaginem um projeto com as seguintes características:

� Aglutinar todo conhecimento humano

� Autoria colaborativa

� Dezenas de línguas (+2.331.000 verbetes em inglês e + 271.000 em português)

� Manter histórico das atualizações, acesso rápido, flexível nas atualizações e inserções de verbetes (1500 verbetes por dia), alta demanda (um dos dez sites mais visitados)

� Como gerenciar este projeto na forma tradicional?

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Gênesis

Primeira

versão

Versão

estável

Novas

features

Versão

terminalVariantes

Primeiroscontribuidores

Cria-se comunidade

Governança formal

Processos de revisão

Mais contribuidores

Divergências de

direcionamento

Comunidade desiste de

evoluir o software

Variantes podemcontinuar

evoluindo

Split off para novo projeto

Liderança

reconhecida

Desenvolvimento Colaborativo

Modelo Bazaar

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Requirement

Analysis

Design

Implementation

Testing

Integration

Release

Post delivery management

Not Form

al

Estudo de caso: Comparando Processo de Desenvolvimento entre sistema proprietário e Linux

Proprietário: Design oriented Open Source: Implementation oriented engineering

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Características do desenvolvimento colaborativo

Web Infrastructure

Peer review

Short feedback loop

Scalable division of labor

Transparency

No Over-engineering

Recorded-data High modularity and reuse

Distributed community User-developers

Prior-art use

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Open Source: Desenvolvimento ColaborativoExemplo do Kernel 2.6.24

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Open Source: Desenvolvimento ColaborativoExemplo do Kernel 2.6.24

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Open Source: Desenvolvimento Colaborativo

IBM Linux Technology Center

$50M/yr IBM Unique

$50M/yr Common

$100M/yr Total

Non-IBM Commercial Linux Development Expenses

(e.g. Intel, Nokia, Hitachi, etc.)

$450M – 700M Company Unique

$450M – 700M Common

$900M – 1,400M Total

Non-IBM

Commercial

Source: IBM figures: IBM Software Group; External figures: Open Source Development Laboratory

IBM

One fifth of the cost of an

independent IBM approach

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ProposedRequirements

Submit Bug &Enhancement

Reports

Decide on and code

Bugs or Enhancements

Vote on Patches

Vote on New Features

Determine FeaturesOf New Release

Problem ReportsIn Bugzilla

Developer Distribution Source Code

Patches

ProposedFeatures

Users

Developers

Committers

Developers

Patches Revoked?

Release Manager

Program Management Committee

Develop NewRelease

Final TestingOn Their own

Server

GeneralAvailability

Apache HTTPDApache HTTPDApache HTTPDApache HTTPDRelease ProcessRelease ProcessRelease ProcessRelease Process

Decision

To Commit

Patches Released

Alpha Testing

Alpha Build

Beta Testing

Beta Build

Developers

Final DecisionOn what goes in

Source Code

Release Manager

Diagram from Michele Rousseau of UCI

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Quais são nossos objetivos com Open Source?

1. Inovação: Incrementar e explorar o “caldo cultural” de inovação nascomunidades (inteligência coletiva)

3. Otimizar: Capturar e transformarinovações open source em valor paranossos clientes

2. Contribuição: Ser um player estratégicoperante as comunidades open source, tanto como contribuidor comoconsumidor de tecnologia

4. Crescer: Alavancar open source paraobter novos usuários, entrar em novosmercados e expandir oportunidades de negócio

Community Innovation

Contribute

Enhance

Su

pp

ort

Inte

gra

te

Embed Layer Extend

Participate .. Donate ...Sponsor..

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ApacheEcl

ipse

Om

niF

ind

Yah

oo

!

Ed

ition

WAS CommunityEdition

Eclipse Elite

Support

Lo

tus E

xp

ed

ito

r Geronimo,Tuscany,Axis D

erb

y,

Lu

cen

e

WAS ND

DB

2 E

xp

ress-C

Rational SDP

Lo

tus N

ote

s, S

am

etim

e

Eclip

se

RC

P

Eclipse

IBM

Sto

rage

Ap

eri,

Co

sm

os

Glo

bus

To

talS

tora

ge

Pro

du

ctiv

ity C

trO

pen

So

urc

eS

up

po

rtG

TS

/ G

BS

Off

eri

ng

s

Web ApplicationServers

InformationManagement

SoftwareDevelopment

ClientCollaboration

SystemsManagement

Open Source Services

Open Grid Offerings

OpenHardware Platforms

Power.orgBlade.org

Globus

System I, p, BladeCtr

IBM Servers IBM Grid

IBM

Serv

icesO

SS

Off

eri

ng

sIBM Grid

Solutions

Ecossistema Open Source na IBM…

Mozilla

Initiative Areas

Private Source based

Offerings

Open Source based Offerings

Open Source Projects

Open Source

Communities

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Eclipse project launched

Eclipse becomes independent entity

2001 2004

Companies “Eat their own Cooking” (including IBM

Software Group)

8 Members

70 Members

140+ Members

~2.5M Java IDE Users (market

leading)

Eclipse Rel 1.0

Eclipse Rel 2.0

Eclipse Rel 3.0

Software Development and Client Collaboration: Eclipse started as a development IDE but has become a leading cross-platform client runtime environment with Eclipse RCP

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Key Benefits � Open Source Solution that is on track to be adopted by the Linux Mainline�Open Real Time Stack: RT Linux- RTSJ & RT GC RT Java- x86 Blades�Reduced Risk and Reduced Total Cost of Ownership

Solution�Real Time Linux – Led by the IBM Linux Technology Center and built on the work of Red Hat and Open Source Community�IBM System x and BladeCenter based solution�Fully preemptive kernel, reducing critical path latencies�Priority inheritance enabled kernel and userspace locking

Challenge�Build a Real Time Linux Operating System that would compliment the RT Java to meet the performance demands of the DDG-1000 program while working with the Linux Community to mainline the enhancements.

DDG 1000

Zumwalt Class

* http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/micro_stories.pl?ACCT=149999&TICK=RTN&STORY=/www/story/02-06-2007/0004521277&EDATE=Feb+6,+2007

Linux em Real Time

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Impacto do Open Source na indústria de softwareR

eceit

aC

usto

s/in

vesti

men

tos

ProduçãoManutenção/atualizaçõesVendas, marketing e suporte

Disponibilidade do produto

Receita sem Open Source

Surge equivalente Open Source

Receita com Open Source

Obsolescência do produto

PesquisaDesenvolvimentoTestes alfa/beta

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It’s not “proprietary or open,” it’s “and”

Proprietary Innovation

Advantages:

Product / offering uniqueness

Speed-to-Market

OpenInnovation

Advantages:

Cost / value scale

Option value / scope

Differentiation Standardization

IBMLeadership

Collaboration

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Coexistência dos modelos de negócio baseados em open source e softwares proprietários : a indústria e o mercado estão buscando o ponto de equilíbrio...

Totalmente

OpenTotalmente

Proprietário

Onde se posicionar?

Direção daIndústria e mercado

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The mix will change over time…

Open,

standardized

Proprietary,

differentiated

As this gets bigger

This can as well, but

requires innovation

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Adoção pelo mercado

Matu

ridade

cre

scente

Fonte: IBM, Fevereiro 2008

OperatingSystems

DevelopmentToolsApplication

Servers

Web Servers

Databases

SystemsManagement

Open Hardware

SOA

Client Collaboration

WebBrowsers

Enterprise Search

Emergente

Maduro

Services

Grid / OGF

Open Source : ciclo de maturidade e adoção

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Modelos de negócio de Open Source

Cost Reduction Direct Revenue Influenced Revenue

Pro

prie

tary

Co

mm

un

ityO

pe

nC

om

mu

nity

Patronage Strategy

Subscription Strategy

Embedded Strategy

Extend and Enhance Strategy

Layering Strategy

Hosted Strategy

Consulting Strategy

Dual License Strategy

OptimizationStrategy

IBM Non-IBM

Tools, Server Vendors

ProprietaryDatabaseVendor

Search Vendor

Open Source DB Vendor

Open Source Development

Vendor

Open Source App Server

Vendor

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Open Source gera Dinheiro!!!Ecosistema Open Source e LInux

1. Segundo IDC o ecossistema Linux (hardware, software e serviços) totalizou US$ 21 bilhões em 2007 e deverá crescer até US$ 49 bilhões em 2011.

2. “The Linux ecosystem has strong long-term prospects, with the overall ecosystem spend projected to increase from $21 billion in 2007 to $49 billion 2011. The shifts highlighted in this paper will help drive that trend forward at healhty rate, as users incresinglyuse Linux as key business solution for today’s IT challenges”

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Open Source abre novos mercados, antes inatingíveis…

� Open Source permite a indústria de software entrar no mercado “Long Tail”,

inacessível antes devido ao custo de produção, distribuição/comercialização,

manutenção...

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O contexto da evolução da internet

Web 3DWeb 1.0 Web 2.0

Páginasinformativas com texto e gráficos

Usuários gerando conteúdo, blogs, wikis, mashupsvisando compartilhar

Ambiente altamente social, criado pelo

usuário

Co

nte

úd

o

Acesso ParticiparBusca Colaborar Co-Criação

Comunicação, RH, Compras, Marketing,

Treinamento

Colaboração, Treinamento ,

Marketing

Desenvolvimento de Produtos/ Serviços,

Otimização do Trabalho, Educação,

ComunidadesNe

gó

cio

s

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EconomicSocial

Technology

Web 2.0

Web 2.0 is a set of economic, social, and technology trends that collectively form the basis for the next generation of the Internet - a more mature, distinctive medium characterized by user participation, openness, and network effects.

Source: Web 2.0 Best Practices and Principles, O’Reilly Radar

O que é a Web 2.0?

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Web 2.0 : Internet como “The Platform”

The Web

as

“The Platform”

Tools: RSS, AJAX, PHP,

Ruby

Services, not packaged software

Architectural participation

Small pieces loosely joined, or

“re-mixed”

Harnessing collective

intelligence

Software that gets better as more people use it

Standards: REST, XHTML

Techniques: Mash-up, wiki,

tagging, blogging

Rich user experiences

Light-weight programming

models

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Wired Magazine: Open Source Software Made Developers Cool. Now It Can make Them Rich.

1. Em 2007, cerca de 30 companhiasOpen Source foram compradas porum valor acumulado de mais de um bilhão de dólares. O dobro do queocorreu em 2005.

2. Em 2008 as coisas começamaquecidas…MySQL pela Sun, EnterpriseDB por varios investidores, incluindo IBM, Nokia pagando 153 milhões de dólares pela TrollTech…

3. “I think the software-licence business model is archaic…I wouldn’t fund a company with that model, and I don’t think anyone else would., either.”. Frase de Kevin Harvey, VC daBenchmark Capital, que recentementeinvestiu no MySQL e na Zimbra (quedepois foi adquirida pela Yahoo por350 milhões de dólares)…

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Open Source: oportunidades inovadoras!

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Open Source é Estratégia de Negócios na IBM

Sam Palmisano, President and CEO, IBM

�“Open source is a method of tapping a community of experts to develop useful things. It began in software, but applies broadly, and is anything but anti-capitalist. It can raise quality at reduced costs, and vastly expands opportunities for profit. In a sense, open source fuels innovation much the way science fuels technology. Science is created by communities of experts, whose fundamental discoveries are typically made available to all, including individuals and companies that are able to capitalize on the new knowledge in novel ways. For IBM, the open-source model is familiar territory, given our long track record in the sciences.”

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Comentário final…

�After hearing IBM discuss open source at an event, one

analyst recently remarked that “twenty years from now, when MBA types look back on the rise of open source

software and ponder retrospectively its impact on the technology industry, I’d be willing to bid a tidy sum that

IBM will be one of the first and most important case studies they read”

Cezar Taurion

Open Source Evangelist

ctaurion@br.ibm.com

Visitem meu blog em:

www.ibm.com/developerworks/blogs/page/ctaurion

Obrigado pelo interessee atenção