AUTOTRONICS:IMPROVING VEHICLE PERFORMANCE

SANDEEP KUMAR YADAV MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGROLL NO. CSJMA12001390272

UIET CSJM UNIVERSITY KANPUR

AUTRONICS IN A VIEW

FIG.1 [1]

INTRODUCTIONAUTOTRONICS= AUTOMOBILE + ELECTRONICSfirst electronic part in an automobile was called an ECU

(Engine control unit)Analysts estimate that more than 80 percent of all automotive

innovation now stems from electronics

FIG.2 [2]

HISTORY:

TIMELINE:1970’s: Introduction of electronics for engine controls1980’s: Anti-lock braking introduced Early 1990’s: Airbags become standard Late 1990’s: Rapid expansion of body electronics – seat motors Computers, instrument panel lighting, auto locking systems and

keyless entry Early 2000’s to date: infotainment, including sophisticated audio

and video ; Signals sent via satellite (such as the OnStar System); GPS and mapping Capabilities; satellite radio

Late 2000’s: Steer-by-wire, wireless connectivity

Automobile applications of autotronics in following domains:

• Braking system

• Steering system

• Suspension system

• Transmission system

• Engine (fuel intake)

Braking system

EBS increases traffic safety through reduced stopping distance and improved brake stability.Functions In ECB:Anti-lock braking system (ABS):Traction control system (TCS)Brake lining wear control FIG.3[3]

ABS:ABS is an acronym for anti-lock braking system. First developed

and patented in 1936, ABS is actually derived from the German term "anti blockier system."

Anti-lock brakes are designed to prevent skidding and help drivers maintain steering control during an emergency stopping situation

Difference between ABS & Traction ControlABS

manage the grip of the tires for braking maneuverTraction Control

manage the grip of the tires for accelerating maneuver

STEERING SYSTEMThe self-alignment estimation control uses both the EPS sensor information and internally programmed EPS control. Speed sensitive steering system:Used to control the power steering pump pressure in relation to vehicle speed. Below 10mph (16km/h) the computer operates the steeringThis action reduces the steering effort during low speed maneuver

and parking.

Electrically powered steering uses an electric motor to drive either the power steering hydraulic pump or the steering  directly.Steering sensor" is located on the input shaft where it enters the gearbox housing.An interface circuit that same housing converts the signals from the torque sensor and rotation sensor into signals.The vehicle motion estimation control uses the steering angular velocity

information internally programmed in the EPS system.This control helps improve yaw damping of the vehicle at higher speeds on

the road.SensorsAccelerating sensor ,displacement sensors, Steering wheel position

SUSPENSION SYSTEM

suspension systems in most vehicles on the road today are passive.

Shock absorbers help to dissipate the energy applied to the springs and damp the oscillations .

Active Roll Control Systems :Vehicles lean when cornering due to the weight transfer imposed

by lateral acceleration. Factors contributing to the roll angle of the vehicle include vehicle height and suspension stiffness.

ARC system uses hydraulic and electronic technology to the vehicle roll angle in cornering, which improves handling.

The active roll control system containsControl module, Accelerometer, Speed sensor, Fluid reservoir, Electrohydraulic pump, Pressure control valve, Directional control valve, FIG.4[4]A hydraulic actuator in both the front and rear stabilizer bars .

TRANSMISSION SYSTEMMainly it controls the shifting process of the gears.Electronically controlled transmissions were introduced on

BMW products in 1986 on 5 and7 series vehicles.The TCM also adapts to changing conditions within the

transmission by monitoring slip ratios .The TCM controls the operation of the Lock-Up Torque

Converter which further increases economy ADVANTAGES:Increased fuel economy Improved shift comfort Increased driving safety

Electronic Fuel Injection

EFI system electronically meters the fuel so that the exact amount needed is provided to the engine.EFI uses to fuel to power the engine by pumping it forcibly FIG.5[4] by using high pressure through a small nozzle or valve. A high-pressure fuel pump that produces high fuel pressures (5 to 12 MPa)

ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROLIt automatically adjusts the vehicle speed and distance to that of a target vehicle.ACC uses a long range radar sensor to detect a target vehicle up to 200 meters in front of vehicle.As per standard cruise control FIG.6[4] the driver can override the system at any time.Another advantage of this system is that the driver will not

exceed the speed limit on the highway.

Airbags

0000 FIG.7[4]The air bag technology is based on electronic sensors that measure

the amount of quick deceleration through an accelerometerThe new calculations will take into account the position of the

seats, the use of a seat belt and the weight of the occupants.

Latest research

Active bumper system, active hood lift system, vehicle to vehicle communicationCamber thrust in F 1 vehiclesGlobal Positioning SystemRain sensing wipersAdaptive light system

CONCLUSIONWe briefly presented current and future vehicular electronics

system

An approach that uses modern technique to solve most of the local vehicular problems.

The automobile industry and will likely continue as people always want and expect more from their cars.

REFERENCE[1] Mechanical Engineering Design by Joseph Shigley.

[2]”Applying Model-Based Design to Commercial Vehicle Electronics Systems”; Tom Egel, Michael Burke, Michael Carone, Wensi Jin The Math Works, Inc.; 2008.

[3] Development of EPS+; Sumio MOTOYAMA 2009.

[4] REAL TIME FUEL INJECTION IN SI ENGINE USING ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION; V. VINOTH KUMAR; 2010.

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