業界需求之資訊技術相關知識

陳松林

業界需求之資訊技術相關知識

業界需求之資訊技術相關知識

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Simple Traditional IT Environment

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• Processor• Memory• Storage• Power and cooling• Operating system

Computer Components

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• Desktop computers• Laptop computers• Workstations• Smartphones• Tablets• Thin clients

Client Devices

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• Processor with low power requirementso Often an ARM processor

• Support Internet connections over 3G and sometimes 4G

• Can act as a Wi-Fi access point

Smartphones

Smartphones Tablets Rise of

BYOD

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PDU Types ( 電源分配器 )

Modular PDUs Modular PDUs

Monitored PDU

Intelligent PDU (iPDU)

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• Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)o The network used to make a call on a traditional telephone (landline).

• Cellular network ( 蜂窩式網絡 )o A network used to make a call or access data using a mobile phone.

• Interneto The global network that supports the World Wide Web (WWW).

• Local Area Network (LAN)o Network within a single building

• Wide Area Network (WAN)o Network that spans multiple locations

Types of Networks

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• A computer specifically designed to perform a large number of simultaneous operations in the backgroundo Xeon or Opteron processoro A lot of memory

• Typical uses:o Processing user loginso Sending and storing emailo Sharing files and printerso Running websiteso Storing and accessing data

Servers

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請確認伺服器種類

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問題 3-12(1) What IT management function would provide proactive notification of actual or impending component failure alerts? The function allows system administrators to inform users of failures via email or SMS.

題意：什麼樣的 IT 管理功能，當系統故障時，能提供主動的通知訊息？這樣的功能使系統管理者能透過電子郵件或簡訊來告知使用者錯誤訊息。

選項：A. Version controlB. Health managementC. Inventory managementD. Lights Out management

解答： (B)

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機房建置

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機房建置

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問題 2-2Your company is doing business on Internet. The IT department presents you with two options to implement a new web store. The first solution uses a new virtualized blade infrastructure. The second one is based on individual tower servers. The both options offer the same computing power and storage. If you finally select the tower option, what reasons could be? (Choose two.)

題意：你的公司從事網路服務業， IT 部門提出兩個不同硬體方案來建置新的網路商店，第一項是用刀鋒伺服器虛擬化架構，第二項是獨立的直立伺服器架構，兩者皆具備相同的運算及儲存能力，如果最後的選擇是直立伺服器架構，以下何者是可能的因素 ?( 選 2 項 )

選項：A. Less scalabilityB. Better speed to set upC. Better system performanceD. Lower early investment

解答： (B)(D)

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機房營運重要基礎建設永不停電的供電設施

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機房散熱與空調

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• 早期偵煙系統 (VESDA) 與環控

• 獨立防火區劃，使用防火建材注意：管線貫穿防火區劃的部分，必須施以防火填塞

• 大範圍失火氣體滅火系統 ( 如： Halon 系列 (2000 年後禁用 ) 、 FM200 、 NFPA2001 無汙染系統， CO2 等… )

• 小範圍失火手提式二氧化碳 (CO2) 滅火鋼瓶

• 絕不可用水、乾粉、泡沫等滅火會損害機器

機房消防

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Business Data• Businesses collect,

analyze, and manipulate data to create information used to:o Execute business processeso Make critical business

decisions

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End-to-End Data Management Strategy

• IT must understand:o The value of the data to the

businesso Regulatory and compliance

requirementso Impact to the business if data

is lost or stolen

• Data must be:o Storedo Protectedo Made available for access

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• How was the data created or received?• How is the data used?• How critical is the data to your business?• Does the value of the data change over time?• What is the business impact to losing the data or

not having it available?• Where and how is the data stored?• How often is the data backed up and how long will

it take to recover it?• Does the data have security and compliance

requirements?

Determining Data Management Requirements

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Data Lifecycle

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• Internally createdo Inventory recordso Payroll recordso Accounting recordso Emailso Voice mailso HR records

• Externally createdo Purchased customer listso Vendor product and pricing

informationo Data downloaded from the Internet

Where Does Data Come From?

• Structured data• Unstructured data• Big data ( 不可刪除與修改 )

Data Characteristics

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Veracity

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問題 2-3Which of the following data storage descriptions are unstructured data? (Choose three)

題意：公司內部有許多類型的資料，其中包含了兩種形態 : 結構化的與非結構化的 , 如何定義結構化與非結構化資料？簡單來說，只要有固定格式，容易被組織、排序、搜尋的資料就是屬於結構化資料，但是，一般公司內所擁有的資料不是那麼有組織，因此，專家估計超過 80% 的資料屬於非結構化資料，以下為一些典型的例子：Voice mail( 語音信箱的留言 ) 、 Memos( 小筆記 ) 、 Meeting notes( 會議記錄 ) 、Image files( 圖檔 ) 、 Audio and video files( 音檔及視頻 ) 、 Email messages ( 電子郵件 )

選項：A. Data stored in Microsoft SQL Server.B. Email sent to customers.C. Images stored as BMP format.D. XML data received from outside the companyE. Faxed application form of new membership request

解答： (B)(C)(E)

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Problems with Traditional IT

• Silos ( 部門地窖 )o Servers and other resources

owned by departments

• IT sprawl ( 蔓生 )o The accumulation of IT

deviceso Many are underutilizedo Oversizing solutions

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• Cost is often one of the biggest roadblocks to changeo Hardwareo Facilitieso Management

• Traditional IT tends ( 趨向 ) to be:o Inflexibleo Monolithic ( 一體化 )o Under-utilizedo Costly to maintain – 70% of total money spent on IT in many organizationso Slow to respond to changeo Multiple vendors adds complexityo Multiple applications are used by different departments to fulfill the same

needs

Traditional IT Costs

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問題 2-1The company uses VoIP solution. The system is configured that all the voice messages would be forwarded to Microsoft Exchange inbox. However, the VoIP server no longer works, and you are evaluating a new VoIP solution. What should you consider? (Choose two.)

題意：公司使用 VoIP 解決方案， VoIP 系統設定是將語音信箱的留言轉儲存到微軟 Exchange 的收件匣中，但是， VoIP 系統故障了，正在評估一個新的 VoIP 系統解決方案，該考慮什麼？ ( 選 2 項 )

選項：A. Inbox capacityB. New cost of user devices C. Mobile phone costD. Software upgrade cost

解答： (B)(D)

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• Specifically designed to address data center (IT) sprawl

• Brings servers, storage, and networking together as managed resource pools

Converged Infrastructure(CI)

ServersStorage

Networking

Accounting

Operations

Sales

Shipping and Receiving

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Budget spent on

innovation

Budget spent on routine

maintenance

Goal of CI

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問題 3-5What are reasons you would consider to move to a converged infrastructure (CI)? (Choose three)

題意：有哪些原因，使考慮導入到一個融合式基礎架構 (CI) ？ ( 選 3 項 )

選項：A. Utility expenses are high.B. IT management overheads are growing.C. The company is required to use legacy infrastructure.D. The company is transferring to wireless technologiesE. Realizing new applications and services takes too long.

解答： (A)(B)(E)

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• Process of creating something in software that represents something physical

• Examples you have already seen:o Virtual Private Network (VPN)o Virtual LAN (VLAN)o Storage virtualization (SAN and NAS)

• Other types of virtualizationo Server virtualizationo Client virtualization

Virtualization

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• Achieve better utilization of today’s much more powerful x86 servers and high-bandwidth 10 GBps networks.

• Expand the capabilities of your hardware through more efficient utilization of hardware resources.

• Make it easier to maintain groups of servers, such as multiple web servers.

• Control costs and simplify management requirements by consolidating OS platforms on fewer physical hardware platforms.

• Provide different OS environments for the support of OS-dependent applications on a single hardware platform.

• Improve security and reliability of network servers.

Virtualization Benefits

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• Saves time• Reduces errors• Candidates for automation include:

o Application deploymento Adjusting to changes in resource requirementso Any repetitive task

Automation

Define the task once

Execute it over and

over

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Bare Metal 虛擬技術買房

單一檔案

不需安裝作業

系統

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Linux Container (LXC)租屋

單一目錄

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Docker 系統架構(Process Machine)

分租

聯合目錄

共用核心

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