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Lunch Plenary: Geoff Anderson, Executive Director, Smart Growth America
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Geoff AndersonSmart Growth AmericaMarch 7, 2008
Regional Redevelopment Summit
Changes in Washington
• Rise of Issues Significant for Redevelopment– Climate– Transportation– Infrastructure– Foreclosure– Economic Stimulus– Energy
• Change in Administration, Changes in Congress
Growing Cooler:The Evidence on Urban Development and
Climate Change
Smart Growth America, The Urban Land Institute
Transportation Greenhouse Gases: Three Legs of a Stool
Vehicle Efficiency (mpg)
Fuel Greenhouse Gas content (Fuel GHG)
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Need progress on all three, but climate policy discussions have ignored VMT
US VMT Growth Projected to Outpace Vehicle & Fuel Improvements
70%
80%
90%100%
110%
120%
130%
140%150%
160%
170%
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
2005
= 1
00%
Source: EIA AEO 2007
CO2
1990 CO2
Fuel GHG
MPG
VMT
Senate CAFE (35 mpg) + CA Fuel Standards (-10%): 40% above 1990 Levels in 2030
70%
80%
90%100%
110%
120%
130%
140%150%
160%
170%
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
2005
= 1
00%
Sources: VM T: EIA with 10% rebound M PG: US Senate, Fuels: CARB
CO2
1990 CO2
Fuel GHG
MPG
VMT
The 3 Questions Answered inGrowing Cooler
• What reduction in vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) is possible in the United States with compact development rather than continuing urban sprawl?
• What reduction in CO2 emissions will accompany such a reduction in VMT?
• What policy changes will be required to shift the dominant land development pattern from sprawl to compact development?
– Does the U.S. want compact development?
Four Literatures – Core of ULI Book
• Aggregate travel studies
• Disaggregate travel studies
• Regional simulation studies
• Project simulation studies
25% Less VMT with Compact Development
27
21
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ten Most Compact Metros Ten Least Sprawling Metros
Avg
. Dai
ly V
ehic
le M
iles
Trav
eled
per
Cap
ita
Atlantic Station vs. Henry County
Regional Accessibility Accounts for Savings of 1/3 VMT
Sandy Springs
Cobb/Fulton Henry County
Atlantic Station
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
1
Dai
ly V
MT
20-40% VMT Reduction for Each Increment of Compact
Development
7-10% Reduction in Total CO2Emissions in 2050
Only Land Development Effects
Only Transportation Sector
And Essentially Permanent
What Growing Cooler Does Not Include: Revitalization
• According to NTHP:– a 50,000 sq ft office
building= 640,000 gals of gas
– Bldg new is like driving 2.8 million miles
– New EE bldg takes 65 yrs to break even
Transportation• Interstate Era (1956) --- things start to get
bumpy, especially for cities and the poor – Boston, Portland, New Orleans
• ISTEA (1991) – bringing in other modes, clean air, and planning
• TEA-21/SAFETEA-LU (1998, 2005) – stay the course,
• 2009 - $286 billion and what have we got?
What if…• $286 Billion was directed towards:
– Reinvesting in existing communities and maintaining our past investments
– Redeveloping and revitalizing communities because these activities are both a transportation and a climate solution
– Giving metro areas a fair share– Bringing balance to transportation systems within existing
communities so that biking, walking and public transportation are attractive options rather than the last resort.
• Transportation would become an engine for Redevelopment rather than an engine of disinvestment
What’s different this time?• Transportation Fiscal Crisis
– Robbing from Peter (transit) to pay Paul (hwy)– Recession and stimulus– Crisis in the states
• Political change in leadership– House and Senate dynamics– In the White House and at US DOT
• Trends and Voices for Change– More at stake: economy, climate, population growth and demographic
changes, energy costs
• Agreement that it’s broke
Actually, A Lot
A National Wake-Up Call
– Safety and security– Energy security and oil dependency– Growing traffic congestion– Rising energy costs– Global climate change crisis
Affordability: Where the Rubber Meets the Road
Transportation Ballot Measures2006 - 2007
Statewide
Local Measure(s)
Statewide & Local Measures
Almost 70% of State & Local Transportation Measures Approved
Evidence of Change
Source: Center for Transportation Excellence
Taking it to the StreetsOver 18000 schools now have a Safe Routes to School program. 43 states are making investments to support these programs.
Source: Thunderbird Alliance
Local Climate for Change
States with Climate Action Plans
Cities that have Signed USCM Climate Protection Agreement
Source: Pew Center for Climate Change (state map),
US Conference of Mayors (cities map)
How Do We Make the Most of the Opportunities?
Articulating a Vision: Greensboro, NC--Southside Neighborhood
Annual tax base in this area went from $400K before redevelopment (1995) to over $10 million after redevelopment (2003).
Southside benefited from a general downtown renaissance, but also helped to give momentum to that turnaround.
Articulating a Vision
• Clear contrasts between building styles
Doing the Analysis
More networking
• Arterial spacing < 1 mile (fewer lanes per street?)
• Public is beginning to link development patterns to quality of life
Development Patterns affect Quality of Life
• Different patterns of development may help save on school transportation costs
Source: www.urban-advantage.co
Explanation of Existing Conditions
Above ground utilities
WIDE STREETS
Narrow SidewalksAuto-oriented
development
No parking in rear
Single use district
Low Density Development
Source: www.urban-advantage.co
Development Techniques to Fix It
Street Trees
Bike Lanes
Mixed-Use (Residential
and Commercial)
High Density Development
TOD District
Below-ground utilities
Pedestrian-friendly area
Median for light rail
Outreach & Education
…And Still More Outreach
National Vacant Properties Conference
• Educational Forum attended by 600 people
Privacy in front, zero-step entry at rear
Taking Stock• Our issues now frame the debate
in many parts of the country.
• There is a coherent message and a well articulated set of design and policy techniques.
• A great deal of public education has occurred.
• An increasing # of example projects on the ground.
• An increasing # policy examples “on the ground.”
Taking Stock (cont.)• There is increasing acceptance
in the private sector.
• There is wide agreement that the market for SG is at least 1/3 and likely to rise.
• We can count a number of relatively new supporters: health advocates, environmental groups, alt transportation advocates, local leaders, developers, architects, housing organizations, realtors, state level groups, and others.
But…Are We Prepared for Our Success?
• As a result of our work, and macro-trends which puts the wind at our back, big opportunities exist now that didn’t ten years ago.
• We need to do a different kind of work to take advantage of them.
• We need to create, and focus political will on a specific change agenda.
We Need to Create, and Focus Political Will on a Specific
Change Agenda.
Concern• Health Impact Assessments• New Rehab Rules• Reform Transportation and Parking Rules• Brownfield Tax Credits• Change State Investment Patterns• Stream Buffers• Affordable Housing Fund
Outreach & Education
…And Still More Outreach
National Vacant Properties Conference
• Educational Forum attended by 600 people
Another Concern• Health Impact Assessments• New Rehab Rules• Reform Transportation and Parking Rules• Brownfield Tax Credits• Change State Investment Patterns• Stream Buffers• Affordable Housing Fund• Green Jobs and Green Buildings
New Transit
Exporting OR’s Measure 37
• Kelo-Plus strategy
• “Capitalize on the tremendous public and political momentum generated in the aftermath of the Kelo ruling…”
Takings Initiatives States
Transportation for America; for its people, communities, environment and economies
T4AmericaMaking Transportation Work for the America in the 21st Century
• Launching a new national reform campaign• Goal of Re-energizing, Re-building, Re-
engaging the Progressive Transportation Advocacy Movement to Influence Federal Policy
• Build and support state and local efforts
• 2008 – let the games begin– Recommendations from Federal Study commissions
– Bankruptcy of Highway Trust Fund
– Administration position revealed
– Congressional Hearings and Action
– Presidential and Congressional Elections
• 2009 – new leadership– SAFETEA-LU Bill expires
– New Congress and New Administration
Inform the Debate
What is success?• Re-envision purpose and outcomes:
– The role of transportation investments is to reduce our nation’sdependency on oil, to lower household transportation costs, to provide mobility options to all, to reduce our carbon footprint VS. just reduce congestion
• Double transit ridership, • Reduce VMT growth by 50%, • Restructure and empower metropolitan decision making, • Create a national intermodal program for large scale investments, • Explicitly allow transportation funding for land use and community
development programs
Make Our Voices Heard
• Reform from below: strengthen and support state, local, and metro efforts
• Reform from above:– At the Congressional level: Identify and grow our allies,
legislative proposals, and messengers– New Administration: Full plate – will transportation reform
be on it?
• Reform from within: draw connections
The system is broken, and broke
Where we want to be tomorrow• Engage with you to make reform a reality; in your
communities, states, and in Congress
T4America.org