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Lýsi, fiskmjöl og fiskeldi
Mars. 2015
Guðbergur Rúnarsson
Iceland
Land based
Sea cages
Sea cages
Silfurstjarnan
Small farm
Big farm
Islandsbleikja
Islandsbleikja
Fiskeldid HaukamýragiliHolalax
Glædir
Tungusilungur
Rifos
Stofnfiskur
Holar University College
Selective breeding
Islandsbleikja
Helstu fiskeldisstöðvar á Íslandi
Sjókvíaeldi
Hr. Gunnvör
Dýrfiskur Arnarlax Fjarðalax
Fiskeldi Austfjarða
Fóðurstuðlar og aðrir mikilvægir þættir eldisdýra
Fóðurstuðull FCR
Varveitt orka
Varðveitt prótein
Hlutfall matur
Hlutfall mats miðað við 100 kg fóðri
Lax Kolmunni
Artic Lady frá EWOS afgreiðir fóður til laxeldis í fóðurpramma hjá fiskeldisstöð
Þróun aðfanga fyrir laxfiskafóður í Noregi
Heimild:
89%
65%
42% 32% 30%
Fish in - Fish out (FIFO) hugtakið • Vísindamenn reiknuðu út að FIFO væri allt að 5 á móti 1
– Hugtakið var notað til að bera út óhróður um fiskeldi, sérstaklega laxeli
• Þróun í gerð fóðurs fyrir eldisfisk er að sífellt minna fiskmjöl og lýsi fer í fóðrið og meira af kornmeti.
– Villtur fiskur í fóðri í dag er aðeins 30% en var 89% fyrir 25 árum og þessi þróun heldur áfram
• Nú er FIFO hlutfallið u.þ.b. 1, þ.e .a 1 kg af villtum fiski þarf til að ala 1 kg af eldislaxi af miklum gæðum
• Þannig hefur það tekist að breyta úrgangi og ódýrum fiski í eftirsótta hágæða matvöru
• Það teljum við að sé frábær árangur.
Smolt transport
Heimsframleiðslan 2012 í milljónum tonna (miT) FAO: -Eldisfiskur 44 miT þ.a. laxfiskar rúmlega 2,2 miT -Fiskeldi –allar tegundir 66,7 Spá fyrir 2022 í milljónum tonna (miT) FAO: -Fiskeldi 92,4 miT -Fiskmjöl 7,4 miT -Lýsi 1,08 miT
Fjárfestingar í virðiskeðjunni til að minnka áhættu: • Auka skilvirkni • Minnka líffræðilega áhættu • Auka náttúrulegan vöxt
IAA environment
• The 20 IAA members have the following operations: – 4 Cod farms – 4 Salmon farms – 6 Arctic Char farms – 2 Rainbow trout farms – 2 Other farms; Tilapia and Senegal Sole – 3 Juveniles farms – 2 Ova (egg’s) station
• Jobs in Icelandic Aquaculture are around 340 • The skills and degree of education in Icelandic Aquaculture is high but
there are growing demand for special skills especially for sea cages farming sites.
Growth trend for salmon in the world
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 e. 2014 e. 2015 e.
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
Lax; Atlandic Salmon
Bleikja; Arctic Charr
Regnbogi; Rainbow Trout
Þorskur; Cod
Annað
Samtals
Framleiðsla (slátrun) í fiskeldi á Íslandi í tonnum
Heimild: MAST
*Áætlun-projection
The Atlantic salmon life/production cycle
Transfer to sea Brood – Parr – Smolt Spawn
14-24 months. Primary processing Secondary processing
Source: Marine Harvest
10 – 16 months
Estimated value of fish farming products in Iceland
• 2009 3,7 bkr - 21 m€ • 2012 6,0 bkr - 36 m€ • 2027 -30* 30 bkr - 187 m€
• Vision for 2027
– Production is expected to increase from 8.000 tonnes today to about 40 - 50.000 metric tonnes in the next 15 year period (2027-30).
– *The value of these aquaculture products could be around
190 m€. Some of these projects are all ready well in the starting phase.
Infrastructure
Fish Eggs (Roes): Atlantic Salmon, Arctic Char and marine spices
Holar Aquaculture Lab [email protected]
Marine Culture laboratory Stað við Grindavík [email protected]
Transportation of fish
Ms. Papey – smolt vessel Hraðfrystihúsið Gunnvör ehf. [email protected]
Laxaflutningar ehf Phone: + 892-5724 Efnaeiming ehf. Phone: + 899-8913
Ms. Arnarfell - harvesting vessel Arctic Salmon http://www.arcticsalmon.is
Feed mills
Laxa Feedmill Ltd. Krossanes - 603 Akureyri http://www.laxa.is/ The main target is to produce and sell feed for aquaculture.
Fóðurblandan hf Korngörðum 12 104 Reykjavík http://www.fodurblandan.is/
Main Exporters of farmed fish
Bæjarlind 14-16 201 Kópavogur Tel.: +354 562 0500 Fax: +354 552 1022 Contact: Árni Ólafsson - Director
Glerárgötu 30 - 600 Akureyri Tel.: +354 460 9000 – Contact: Birgir Össurarson - Sales manager
Arctic Salmon, Fjarðalax ehf Grandagarði 14 101 Reykjavík Contact: Ómar Grétarsson - Sales manager [email protected] Tel.: +354 666 6362
Cod Farm
Sea Cages
Growth trends for aquaculture in Iceland in metric tonnes (*forecast)
5.016
7.368
6.886
8.425
10.425
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
2011 2012 2013 2014* 2015*
Aquaculture Facilities in Iceland
• 62 registered fish farms in operation in Iceland
• 52 Fish farms or sites – 23 land-based farms
– 11 sites for sea-cage farms
– 4 hatcheries
– 7 juveniles stations
– 7 mussels farms
• 10 small land-based stations for: – enhancement programs for rivers/lakes
Aquaculture in Iceland - history
• 1900 – First attempts to fertilize and hatch salmon ova and release the emerging fry’s to a river.
• 1951 – Small scale rearing of Rainbow trout for food production.
• 1985 – 1990 - Intensive farming of Atlantic salmon – Many of these farms experienced bankruptcy and operations were ceased.
• 2000 –2011- Production of Atlantic salmon, Arctic Charr and Atlantic Cod.
• 2012 – Growth trends are mainly now for Atlantic salmon, Arctic Charr and Rainbow trout.
Salmon farming - History
• 1960s development in Salmon ranching stations
• 1972 Starting (small scale) on-growing in sea cages
• 1985 Production of smolt’s for export to Norway
• 1991 selective breeding of Norwegian strains
• 1990 - 1996 commercial ranching stations
• 1990 Land based stations
• 2001 On-growing in sea cages starts again
• 2007 Sea cage Salmon operation stops.
• 2011 – On-growing in sea cages
Rifos lagoon in the north-east cost of Iceland. Now farming Arctic Charr but farmed Salmon in the past.
Thorskeldi
HB Grandi
Vopn-fiskur
Brim fiskeldiEinherji
Thoroddur
GlaðurAlfsfell
Hradfrystihusid-Gunnvor
Sea cage
Nursery
Hatchery
Marine Research Institute
Haafell
Stofnfiskur
To
Dyrfiskur
Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
Fjarðalax
Ceased farming
Aquaculture in Iceland - Trends • The growth in farming Arctic Charr is growing slowly
– Potential production up to 5000 metric tonnes in near future
• Farming of Cod is declining – production was 1500 metric tonnes in 2008 but only 482 tonnes 2013
• Export of Halibut juveniles has ceased
• Export of salmon smolts has almost ceased
• Export of salmon ova (egg´s) is growing
• Farming Salmon and Rainbow trout is growing
– The trend is leading us to culture over 15.000 metric tonnes pr. year within few years
• Farming of Senegal Sole has started. – Plans by Stolt Sea Farm to culture 2.000 metric tonnes in the future
• Farming and production other species are very small.
This is the ranking of seafood in French discount stores and larger supermarkets. The salmon
fillet and the smoked salmon are the two most popular products to promote in France..
31
24
16
15
15
13
12
12
11
11
10
10
8
7
7
7
6
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Smoked trout
Smoked salmon
Salmon fillets
Cod fillet
Duck breast
Beef entrecote
Salmon side
Trout fillet
Pork filet mignon
Veal chops
Shrimp
Turkey breast
Beef sirloin
Chicken breast
Lamb tighs
Lamb chops
Mussels
Pork chops
EUR per kg
Promoted fresh products in France in week 50, 2014
http://mysalmon.no/salmon-seafood-meat-promotions-in-europe
• Fôrutnyttelse
• Villfisk i fôr
• Vill laks bruker 10 kilo marint råstoff for å vokse et kilo.
• Laks i havbruk bruker to til tre kilo marint råstoff for å vokse et kilo.
Arctic Charr Production in tonnes
2008 3.006 tn 2010 2.390 tn 2012 3.089 tn 2013 3.215 tn 2015* 3.500 tn Trend: Growing steadily
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* 2015*
COD - Production in tonnes
• 2000 11 tn
• 2005 1.050 tn
• 2010 1.240 tn
• 2012 1.003 tn
• 2013 482 tn
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* 2015*
Cod
Atlantic Salmon- Production in tonnes
2006 6.894 tn 2008 280 tn 2013 3.018 tn 2015* 4.500 tn Trend: Growing strongly
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* 2015*
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2009-2011=100
Fish oil
Fish meal
