Social Sustainability: Civic Centers and PODS

Civic Centers A Proposed Physical and Institutional Structure for the Social and Environmental Sustainability of Human Settlements2013 02 25

市民中心为了人类居住点的社会和环境的可持续发展而建造的实体结构和制度结构

2013 02 25

1.市民中心 : 历史先例CIVIC CENTERS: Historical Precedents

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2.市民中心 : 社会发展与社区建设CIVIC CENTERS: Social Development & Community-Building

3.市民中心 : 城市与小镇规划CIVIC CENTERS: City and Town Planning


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The Emperor, the Representative of Heaven, (spiritual and temporal authority combined as one)is located at the center of the city. Old Beijing’s city plan and the Forbidden City are based on this model

. In the Chinese model of an ideal city, there is a coherence of spiritual and material authority.China did not experience the same early rupture of reason and faith, “church” and state as in the West.

历史先例 Historical Precedents

Community Centers in Guizhou, Dong Minority Village

The drum towers provide venues for the whole village to discuss and settle important matters, hold important festivals or entertainments such as singing and playing wind instruments. A leather drum is placed in the drum tower. When there are important things to talk about, the drum is beaten by a respected village leader to summon the villagers. There is a fire on the ground where a fire burns almost all year round.


Drum Tower

Drum Tower

Drum Tower

Drum TowerDrum Tower

Drum Tower Community Centers in Guizhou, Dong Minority Village


The Mandala pattern was used by astronomer-King Sawai Jai Singh (1700-1743), India. In the center are the Palace Complex and Observatory.


Mandala

The word “mandala” is from the classical Indian language of Sanskrit, loosely translated to mean “circle“. It represents wholeness, and can be seen as a model for

the organizational structure of life itself--a cosmic diagram that reminds us of our relation to the infinite.


Civic Center in Ancient Athens (Greece), The Agora A cluster of spiritual, political , educational, and commercial institutions


Civic Center in Ancient Athens (Greece), The Agora


Civic Center in Ancient Rome, The Forum


Gur, Iran. Founded by Ardeshir I ( 224-651 CE), the founder of the Sasanian Dynasty

Gur city is a circle-shaped city with diameter of 2 kilometres. The city is divided into 61 parts by 20 radial walls and 3 concentric circles. The core circle is 450 meters in diameter. Most probably important

buildings such as ceremonial, religious, and governmental departments were in this area, remains of two of which can still be seen in the area. One of them is the famous mihrab (altar) which is located just in the centre of the circle and the other is known as the seat monument which must have been a big Zoroastrian

temple.


City of Al- Mansoor, Baghdad (762)

In 762 AD, construction began on Mansur. The city was designed as a circle about 2.7 km in diameter, leading it to be known as the "Round City". The original design shows as single ring of residential and commercial structures along the inside of the city walls, but the final construction added another ring inside the first. Within the city there were many parks, gardens, villas, and promenades. In the center of the city lay the mosque, as well as headquarters for guards. The purpose or use of the remaining space in the center is unknown.






Institutions of Spiritual and Temporal Authority

Residential

Commercial(assumed)

English Medieval Monastery

Devotion

Education


English Medieval Monastery


Venice: Institutions of Authority: St. Mark’s Church and the Palace of the Doge


Palmanova, Italy (1593)






Karslruhe, Prince’s Palace (1752-81), center of 32 radiating roads, Germany


Ince Madrassah (1260-65)

Devotion

Education


The Süleymaniye Mosque was built on the order of Sultan Suleyman (the Magnificent) and designed by Sina Pasha. Construction work began in 1550 and was finished in 1558.

Suleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey (1558)



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巴哈伊灵曦堂 The Baha’i Mashriqu’l-Adhkar


巴哈伊灵曦堂建筑群，包括礼拜堂及其周围的附属建筑The Baha’i Mashriqu’l-Adhkar, A Temple surrounded by “dependencies”


阿博都巴哈提到，灵曦堂建筑群应包括即将建立的附属建筑，包括：

•医院•救济穷人的药房•接待旅人的馆舍•教导孤儿的学校•老弱病残者之家 •高等研究的大学•及其他慈善建筑

所有这些都将向所有种族、民族和宗教的人开放。 The Baha’i Mashriqu’l-Adhkar, including a central House of Worship, or Temple, and the complex of buildings surrounding it, is to be at the heart of every Bahá’í community. The surrounding buildings, or “dependencies” are to include educational and humanitarian service institutions open to people of all religions: a hospital, drug dispensary for the poor, travelers’ hospice, school for orphans, home for the elderly, infirm and disabled, university for advanced studies, and other philanthropic buildings; in addition, community administration offices with a secretariat, treasury, archives, library, publishing office, assembly hall, and council chamber. The dependencies surrounding the Temple link worship to service to humanity; the prayers …. within the Temple are translated into deeds of compassion, care, and education in the world outside.


The Mashriqu’l-Adhkár Temples built so far, such as this one in New Delhi, India,

allow for expansion, for the addition of the dependencies. 灵曦堂用以扩建其附属建筑的土地


花园城市图，埃比尼泽 · 霍华德设计的花园城市


Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City

Schools are located along the Grand Avenue or in the surrounding countryside.Social and humanitarian institutions are located in the surrounding countryside.


Schools are located along the Grand Avenue.The Culturally-oriented Civic center includes:

Town Hall, Museum-Gallery, Hospital, Library, Theater, and Concert Hall


Senior High School

Elementary School

Junior High School

Plan by Jose Sert

A hierarchy of community centers organized around education


Sweden: A hierarchy of community centers organized around education and social centers


加内施纳格尔社区： 5.3 公顷， 1200 户居民，人口总数 7000 人 /5.3 化顷＝ 1300 人 / 公顷

Temple

Kindergarten

Center for Elderly

Map of Ganeshnagar, Pune, drawn in 1989.


加内施纳格尔社区：当地居民历史先例 Historical Precedents

Qiang MinorityYang Liu Village (Reconstructed 2010) Sichuan

Research and Culture Center

School学校

研究与文化中心

四川羌族杨柳村（ 2010 重建）


Nan Mo Fang Residential Community, Beijing, 1995. Planning law requires community service buildings, particularly for education.

Kindergarten

Elementary School

Central Green Space



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市民中心 : 社会发展与社区建设CIVIC CENTERS: Social Development & Community-Building

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Extended

任务：塑造人的能力。培育个人、社区和制度的建设性变革。

The enterprise of building human capacity, of fostering constructive • individual, • community and • institutional change, is increasingly being recognized as the fundamental purpose of development.

Social Development and Community-Building: The Individual, The Community, Institutions

Science, Religion and Development: Some Initial Considerations, Prepared by the Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity

促进塑造人类的能力以培育

• 个人、• 社区与• 机构的

建设性转变是发展的根本目的

这日益成为人们的共识。

社会发展与社区建设：个人，社区和机构

社会发展

个人社区机构

社会演变 Social Evolution

A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL, COMMUNITY, and INSTITUTIONS 个人 , 社区 , 机构的新定义

时代

古代

转变周期新世界秩序

Social Character

Characteristics World View Emotional and Intellectual

Characteristics

Relationships with Others

1. Authoritarian Power- oriented DichotomousPerceptions

Rigidity Authoritarian Submission

2. Indulgent Pleasure-oriented Indiscriminate Perceptions

Promiscuity Anarchic Relationships

3. Integrative Growth-oriented Unity in Diversity Creativity Responsibility and Cooperation

Three Kinds of Social Relationships

Challenge: To Mature from authoritarian to “integrative” social relations

Chart by psychologist Dr. Hossain Danesh

三种社会关系

人格类型( 民族性

格）特征世界观情感与理智特征与他人的关系

专制型以权力为导向二元分立的感知刻板僵化屈从于专制

放纵型以享乐为导向不加分辨的感知混乱无法无天的关系

整合型以成长为导向存多样求团结有创造性负责与合作

当我们对“发展目标”再下定义的时候﹐重新审视当事人在发展过程中所扮演的角色是很必要的。各层政府机构在社会发展方面的重要作用不言而喻。然而﹐在一个称颂平等主义原则以及相关的民主原则的时代里﹐发展规划应把广大民众视为援助和训练的接受者﹐远而我们的后代将会对此感到不可理解。尽管“民众参与”是公认的原则﹐然而留给世界绝大多数人民的决策范围充其量是次要性的：他们的抉择范围被高不可及的机构所规定﹐并常常受那些与他们的现实观背道而驰的目标所制约。

The Prosperity Of Humankind, A Statement Prepared by the Baháí International Community's Office of Public Information

“Future generations, however, will find almost incomprehensible the circumstance that, in an age paying tribute to an egalitarian philosophy and related democratic principles, development planning should view the masses of humanity as essentially recipients of benefits from aid and training. Despite acknowledgement of participation as a principle, the scope of the decision making left to most of the world's population is at best secondary, limited to a range of choices formulated by agencies inaccessible to them and determined by goals that are often irreconcilable with their perceptions of reality.”

A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL (The Responsible Protagonist)

个人的新定义（负责任的提倡者）

个人的作用个人的知识水平越高、学科面越广，促进集体决策和集体行动的国际机制越多，个人表达自身志向和需要的能力越强，公民就越容易参与公共计划和政策的观念形成、具体实践和效果评估方面，成为积极的参与者。


The Role of the Individual“Higher levels of knowledge across an ever-expanding range of disciplines, increasing international mechanisms that promote collective decision-making and action, and increasing ability to articulate their aspirations and needs, makes it increasingly possible for citizens to become active participants in the conceptualization, implementation, and evaluation of public programs and policies.”

A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL (The Responsible Protagonist)

个人的新定义（负责任的主人翁）

Spiritual Heritages

"No calamity is greater than not knowing what is enough No fault worse than wanting too much Whoever knows what is enough Has enough. Attachment comes at wasteful cost; Hoarding leads to a certain loss; Knowing what is enough avoids disgrace; Knowing when to stop secures from peril. Only thus can you long last.

知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久 .(知足于内而不争虚名，就不会有屈辱；知止于外而不贪得无厌，就不会有忧患。如此可以使身体健康长寿。 )Lao Zi, Dao De Jing, ch. 46 and 44

"The sage does not hoard, The more he does for others, The more he has himself. The more he gives, The more he gets.

聖人不積，既以為人己愈有，既以與人己愈多 ;(圣人不为自己积攒什么：既然一切都是为了世人，自己就愈发拥有了；既然一切都已给了世人，自己就愈发丰富了 .) Lao Zi, Dao De Jing, ch. 8

A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL (The Responsible Protagonist) 个人的新定义（负责任的主人翁）

老子《道德经》节 46 及 44

老子《道德经》节 8

服务 SERVICE

A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL (The Responsible Protagonist) 个人的新定义（负责任的主人翁）

A sign of maturity is the capacity to be of service to others.

成熟的标志是有能力为他人服务。

Served by Others接受他人服务

Serving Others服务他人

The very young and the very old rely on the service of others.

Infant / Child / Youth / Adult / Senior

幼小的和衰老的依靠他人的服务

婴儿 / 儿童 / 青年 / 成年 / 长者

一个成熟和谐的社区定义为：“ 文明的综合单位，由个人家庭和机构组成是对体制、部门和组织的发起者和激励者、机构和组织等为一个共同的目标、为内部和外部的福祉而协同运作的个人、家庭和机构组成；由多样化的、彼此互动的、在为灵性和社会进步而不懈追求中实现团结的参与者组成。

The Universal House of Justice, The Four Year Plan, pp.34-35

社区的新定义

A New Definition of COMMUNITYWe can define a mature harmonious community as….

“a comprehensive unit of civilization composed of individuals, families and institutions that are originators and encouragers of systems, agencies and organizations working together with a common purpose for the welfare of people both within and beyond its borders; it is a composition of diverse, interacting participants that are achieving unity in an unremitting quest for spiritual and social progress.”

世界正义院《四年计划》 34-35

在社区的层次上增加机构的一层，以安全地、有效地、创造性地增加人类的能力

社区的新定义

Add an institutional layer at the community level to channel safely, productively, and creatively the increasing capacity of humanity.

A New Definition of COMMUNITY

家庭

国家

社区

A New Definition of COMMUNITY 社区的新定义

The Human Body: A Unified System

人体 : 一个统一的统系

Society is also a Mutual Helpfulness System社会也是一个相互帮助的统系

“If governing institutions do, in fact, provide for the meaningfulparticipation of citizens in the conceptualization, implementation and evaluation of public programs and policies, then a community's capacity to effect and manage change will indeed be greatly enhanced. This is true whether the institutions operate at the village or international level”.

A New Definition of INSITUTIONS

Science, Religion and Development: Some Initial Considerations, Prepared by the Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity 摘自《科学、宗教与发展，最初始的考虑》全球繁荣研究所

“如果统治机构确实能够为公民提供机会，使他们有意义地参与公共事务和政策的观念形成、具体实践和效果评估，那么社团影响和应对变化的能力必将大在增强。事实就是如此，无论机构是在村庄还是国际范围内运行。”

机构的新定义

“The creation of the institutions of a global society, a web of interconnected structures that hold society together at all levels, from local to international institutions that gradually become the patrimony of all the inhabitants of the planet is for me one of the major challenges of development planning and strategy. Without it, I fear, globalization will be synonymous with the marginalisation of the masses.

Dr. Farzam Arbab, The Lab, the Temple, and the Market, IDRC, 2001.


“建立全球社会的诸多机构，从各层面上把社会凝聚起来、形成结构上彼此连结的网络，让这些机构，无论是地方性还是国际性机构，都逐渐成为整个地球上的所有居民的宝贵财富，在我看来，这是发展计划与策略中的首要挑战之一。做不到这一点，恐怕全球化就会成为大众边缘化的同义词。”

Dr. Farzam Arbab, The Lab, the Temple, and the Market, IDRC, 2001.摘自法赞 . 阿巴布：《庙宇与市场》 2001

机构的新定义

A New Definition of INSITUTIONS

市民中心在组织小区、城镇、城市时提供如下功能：1. 提供机构框架，使服务型社会释放出来的能量得到和谐输导。2. 提供社会结构，使社会理想转化成行动。3. 提供社区建设途径，以实现城市发展。4. 提供与中国思想更相符的发展模式，例如：

a) 个人进步和社会进步依赖于生命中物质与精神双方面的动态的、共同发展（修身、齐家、治国、平天下）。b) 个人内在生命的发展需要通过与社会的互动、通过为社会服务来实现。c) 天国与尘世的和谐

5. 提供机会，使各机构之间实现一体性。

The use of Civic Centers to organize communities, towns, and cities provides: 1. The institutional framework to channel harmoniously, the energy released by a service-oriented society. 2. A unifying social structure for the translation of social ideals into action. 3. A community-building approach to urban development.4. A model of development more in harmony with Chinese thought, for example:

• Individual and social progress depend on the dynamic co-development of the material and spiritual dimensions of life.• Development of the inner life of the individual is through interaction with, and service to, the society around him.• Harmony of Heaven and Earth

5. Opportunities for synergistic relations between the assembled institutions.

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市民中心 : 社会发展与社区建设CIVIC CENTERS: Social Development & Community-Building

CIVIC CENTERS: An example of synergy when humanitarian and social institutions are juxtaposed.

市民中心：人道机构和社会机构的步调一致的一个实例。

The Institution of the Civic Center will not only stimulate a consciousnessand inspire individual action “to regenerate the life of humanity”; it alsoallows for positive synergies between the dependencies.

The following is an example of what could happen: Kotoen, Tokyo, Edogawa district combines a home for the elderly and a kindergarten.

实例：机构统筹：东京市民中心的机构不仅促进一种自学和设想个人行动，以重建人类生活 . 而且还使各个从居住部分主动融合。江户川区老人院与幼儿园相结合

灵曦堂的建构不仅激发了“重振人类生命”的意识，还激励个人采取行动；其附属建筑之间有一种积极的协作关系。

很多老年人选择在此居住，他们通过与孩子们交往找到了新的快乐。由此得享天伦之乐。Many elderly choose to live here; they find a new happiness through their association with the children.

The family circle is complete again.

举例：机构统筹：东京江户川区老人院与幼儿园相结合

An example of Institutional Synergy:Kotoen, Tokyo, Edogawa district combines a home for the elderly and a kindergarten.

一起锻炼



Exercise together

机构统筹“ 我们发现一旦把两种设施结合起来，儿童就开始学习如何照顾他人，比如陪老人聊天。我们从这个经验中看到，儿童正成长为更温暖、更仁爱的人。对于老人来说，我们意识到通过与儿童交往，他们正变得富有生气，其健康也在好转。看着这些老人，很多我原以为已经失去欢笑能力或思想表达能力的人，开始拥抱儿童，跟他们快乐地笑谈，让我们意识到两个有关怀心的人群建立令人感动的关系是多么重要。Maeda Takumi, Kotoen Director

INSTITUTIONAL SYNERGY

“We found that once the two facilities were joined together, the children began learning how to care for others by talking and being who her older co-residents. We could see that through this experience the children were growing into warm and compassionate human beings. For the elderly, we realized that through her association with the children,They were becoming more alive and their health was improving. Seeing these aged people, many of whom I thought had forgotten how to laugh or even express their thoughts, holding the children and happily talking with them, brought home how important a touching relationship can be between two caring people”Maeda Takumi, Kotoen Director



爷爷给孩子们讲述过去的美好时光Grandpa talks to the children about the good old days.

儿童为老奶奶画像The children draw a picture of Grandma.



The children help take care of Grandma



儿童帮助照顾老人

“Civic Buildings should be grouped together…….

‘It has too often been the case, in the history of cities, that their Cultural Institutes have been

postponed until adequate sites for them are no longer obtainable. Modern cities (British and

American especially) are thus discovering their needs when too late adequately to supply them at

great expense, and then in too scattered locations.’

His point is that it was vital to ensure the

proximity of these institutes, so as to prevent their mutual forgetfulness, which in time hardens

into exclusiveness, and thus to failure of usefulness all round: and just when duly intelligent and

understanding and sympathetic cooperation are most required. This condition of proximity, and for

mutual interaction, is fundamentally necessary.’

Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes, Social Evolutionist and City Planner, Routledge, 1990, p.280.

PROXIMITY of INSTITUTIONS

On January 7, 1913, Abdu’l-Baha visited the "Outlook Tower”, an educational institution in Edinburgh, Scotland, guided by the learned scholar, Prof Patrick Geddes. Prof. Geddes gave Abdu’l-Baha a rousing reception. The Master praised his energy and patience.

The harmony of heaven and earth

Municipal GovernmentHospitalHospiceHumanitarian Institutions

University / Schools Orphanage

Home for the Elderly

Harmony of Heaven and Earth

Civic Center市民中心


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CIVIC CENTERS: Conceptual plans of towns and cities of different sizes organized around the concept of Civic Centers and Pedestrian-Oriented Districts.

市民中心不同规模的城镇与城市围绕市民中心 +步行距离的社区之建设概念

Calculation of Convenient Community (POD) SizePOD= Pedestrian-oriented District

以步行为导向的便捷社区规模的计算

Community Level Mashriqu’l-Adkar at the center of a “Walking” POD community

Assumption: People will need convenient access to the Civic Center. An easy 10 minute walk to the center, a distance of about 400 meters, defines a 50 hectare land area. Using a typical Chinese urban residential density of 200 people per hectare, we

get a population of 10,000 people. The Civic Center can be reached by everyone without the use of cars or public transport, inside this Pedestrian-Oriented District

(POD).

“Walking” POD Community

Civic Centers and PODs• The smallest Civic Center is at the heart of an 800 meter diameter Pedestrian-Oriented District (POD) allowing the Center to be within easy reach of everyone. • When there are enough PODs to make a Town or a District of a City; it, in turn, has a Town or District Level Civic Center. • When there are enough Districts, it is possible to create a municipal level Civic Center. • The result is a bi-polar town or city with the Civic Center focused on social development and the CBD focused on business and commerce.

Civic Center CBD

Two City Centers

最小型的市民中心应建在步行范围内街区的中心地带，每个人都能很容易地到达。这种小区市民中心的数量达到一定程度，就将形成一个城镇或市区的市民中心。当市区的数量达到一定程度时，就可能形成市级的市民中心。如此即可形成两极点式的城镇或城市：一个极点是以社会发展为核心的市民中心，另一个极点是以商务为中心的商务区。

步行距离的社区 + 市民中心

Civic Center: Hierarchy of Sizes

Assumption: Cities will have municipal, district, and community-level Civic CentersThe size of each type will be in proportion to the population.

半径 R = 175 米 .面积 10 公顷 .

半径 R = 250 米 .21 公顷 .

半径 R = 1000 米 .面积 314 公顷 .

市区级社区级

市民中心 : 城市级 , 市区级 , 社区级30万人口的城市 City of 300,000 people

Civic Center at District and Community Levels

面积 10 公顷 .半径 R = 175 米 .

21 公顷 .半径 R = 250 米 .

市区级

社区级

城市级市民中心半径 1000 米面积 314 公顷Civic Center: City Level

R = 1000m. Area 314 h.

Typical Contents of a Municipal Level Civic Center

医院（ 15 公顷）

旅馆（ 7 公顷）

孤儿院（ 7 公顷）

大学（ 30 公顷）

敬老院（ 12 公顷）

慈善机构（ 12 公顷）

市政府 (26 公顷 )

Example: City of 300,000 people

一个市级水平的市民中心的典型内涵 , 以 30万人口的城市为例

Four “Walking” Communities and a District-Level Civic Center

40,000 people

“Walking” PODCommunity

District-Level Civic Center

220,000 people

Five Districts and a Municipal-Level Civic Center

District-Level Civic Center

“Walking” Community

Municipal-Level Civic Center

集中的商务区Concentrated CBD

30万人口的城市

城市级市民中心

市区级市民中心步行导向型市区的市民中心

垃圾处理

City of 300,000 people organized around Civic Centers and PODS


Municipal-level Civic Center

District-level Civic Center Community-level

Civic Center

城市绿色空间网络


市区级市民中心步行导向型市区的市民中心

垃圾处理



A conceptual plan of a city organized around Civic Centers

一个围绕着市民中心安排的城市的概念性规划

30万人口的城市

街区市民中心步行导向型市区的市民中心

街区

步行导向型市区

市区市民中心

Transportation Concept Plan for a city of 300,000 people 人口在 30万以上城市的交通概念规划

快速直达环路

快速直达干道

居住

商业

市民中心

水面

工业

都市农业

Example: Seven New Districts, One Existing District (white) and a City-Level Civic Center

CBD

Managed Growth: An original town becomes a District of the new City; original villages become Communities within a new District

City Civic Center

DistrictCivic Center

Heavy Industry

Hea

vy I

nd

us

try

Hea

vy I

nd

us

try

Urban Forest

Original Town

1,2,3, and 4 are Original Villages

1

2

3

4

可控增长：一个现有的城镇发展成为一个新城市的社区；现在的村庄发展成为一个新市区里的小区。

1,2,3,4 原来都是村庄

例子：七个新市区、一个现有市区（白色）和一个城市级市民中心

Walking-Distance Community with Civic Center


市民中心小区及

市民中心城市级

Walking-Distance Community with Mashriqu’l-Adkar

TownMashriqu’l-Adkar

Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest



Industry

Urban Forest

Small Town / District : Four Communities and a District-Level Civic Center

CBD


Town Civic Center

Heavy Industry

Urban Forest

小镇 / 区：四个社区和一个区级市民中心



Large Town / Small City: Two Districts each with District-Level Civic Center

Yuan Shang Du

CBDCBD

Walking-Distance Community with POD Civic Center

Town Civic Center

Industry

Urban Forest

大城镇 /小城市：二个市区，每市区各有一个市民中心



City: Six Districts and a City-Level Civic Center

CBD

Original town becomes CBD

City CivicCenter

DistrictCivic Center

Heavy Industry

Hea

vy I

nd

us

try

Urban Forest

Original village becomes a POD


城市：六个市区和一个城市级市民中心

Managed Growth: An original town becomes a District; original villages become Communities within a District

可控增长：一个现有的城镇发展成为一个新城市的社区；现在的村庄发展成为一个新市区里的小区。



市民中心城市级

City: Twelve Districts and a City-Level Civic Center

District Civic Center

Heavy Industry

Urban Forest

城市：十二个市区和一个城市级市民中心


City Civic Center市民中心



City: Twelve Districts and a City-Level Civic Center

CBD

CBD

District Civic Center

Urban Forest


城市：十二个市区和一个城市级市民中心

步行距离的社区 + 市民中心市民中心小区及

City CivicCenter

市民中心

A Group of Human Settlements organized around Civic Centers

围绕市民中心安排的一组人群定居点

Thank you!谢谢 !

Design

Social Sustainability: Civic Centers and PODS