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40 OSIA Standards & Technology Review

OSIA S & TR

1.

. 1992 Tom Caudell

,

[1] .

Paul Milgram 1994

(Reality) (Virtuality) (Continuum) ,

(Augmented reality), (Augmented virtuality)

[2]. 1997

Ronald Azuma 3

. , . ,

. , 3 [3]. Azuma

Milgram

,

.

(Google) .

Google trends [4] 2009

, [5]

1) 2010

1)

| ,

| ,

Paul Milgram 1994 (Reality) (Virtuality)

(Continuum) ,

(Augmented reality), (Augmented

virtuality)

41

04

,

.

(AppStore)

.

.

,

.

.

(Gartner) (Hype Cycle)

2008 (10 )

2009

(5 10 ) [6].

.

2.

2.1

2004 .

, (Inertial Tracking),

(Magnetic Tracking), (Acoustic Tracking), GPS (Optical Tracking)

(Hybrid) [7].

| | Google trends ( : Augmented reality, virtual reality) [4]

- 2 -

(Gartner) (Hype Cycle) 2008 (10 ) 2009 (5 10 ) [6]. .

Google trends ( : Augmented reality, virtual reality) [4]

2.

2.1

2004 . , (Inertial Tracking), (Magnetic Tracking), (Acoustic Tracking), GPS (Optical Tracking) (Hybrid) [7]. , . , ISMAR(International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality) . 2008 Mark Billinghurst ISMAR 10 10 , [8].

Mark Billinghurst 10 , , , [8]. (jitter) (drift) [8]. (Tangible) (collaborative)


OSIA S & TR

,

.

,

ISMAR(International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality)

. 2008

Mark Billinghurst ISMAR 10 10

, [8].

Mark Billinghurst 10

, ,

, [8].

(jitter) (drift)

[8].

(Tangible) (collaborative) .

See-through HMD(Head Mounted Display) (Projection-based)

PC, UMPC(Ultra-Mobile PC), PDA (Handheld) [8].

, [8]. 2008

Mark Billinghurst

, [9].

2009 (CAMAR: Context-Aware Mobile Augmented Reality)

[10-11].

(Customizing)

[10], (ubiquitous

augmentation), , .

[11]. (Challenges)

, ,

, (intelligent visualization), ,

(mediation) , ,

[11].

2.2

2009

43

04

. Juniper research 2009

. 5(

, GPS, , (Tilt sensor), (Digital compass))

[12] Nokia, Apple, HTC

,

[12]. Juniper research

, 7 [12].

.

SERI KT

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[13-14].

.

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.

3.

2009 .

.

,

, .

3.1

Azuma [3]

. 2007 Georg Klein

PTAM (Parallel Tracking And Mapping)

[15], 2009 iPhone SLAM(Simultaneous


OSIA S & TR

Localization And Mapping) [16].

[17, 24].

(Encoding) [17, 24]. PC SLAM

.

2008 Wagner , Wagner

(20Hz) 6DOF (Markerless) . Wagner

SIFT (Scale-Invariant

Feature Transform) Fern [18]. Kimberly Spreen

ARhrrrr! ,

NVIDIA Tegra (Kit) Concorde fast GPU

GPU . (Natural

feature tracking)

[19].

3.2

. A. Kruger

(Projection AR)

[20]. C. Woodward

| | () iPhone() SLAM[15-16] () [17, 24]

- 4 -

. , .

3.

2009 . . , , .

3.1

Azuma [3] . 2007 Georg Klein PTAM (Parallel Tracking And Mapping) [15], 2009 iPhone SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) [16]. [17, 24]. (Encoding) [17, 24]. PC SLAM .

() iPhone() SLAM[15-16] () [17, 24]

2008 Wagner , Wagner (20Hz) 6DOF (Markerless) . Wagner SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) Fern [18]. Kimberly Spreen ARhrrrr! , NVIDIA Tegra (Kit) Concorde fast GPU GPU

| | (ARhrrrr!) [19]

- 5 -

. (Natural feature tracking) [19].

(ARhrrrr!) [19]

3.2

. A. Kruger (Projection AR) [20]. C. Woodward , , [21]. S. Feiner (Prototype) AR street view [22]. S. Feiner , , GPS (User interface) [22]. , , [23]. .

[20], [21], [22] [23]

3.3

2.1 (Challenges) . , ,

45

04

,

,

[21]. S. Feiner (Prototype)

AR street view [22]. S. Feiner

, , GPS

(User interface) [22]. ,

,

[23]. .

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.

, ,

[24]. , , ,

N95, M480, M490 [24].

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[17, 24]. (Agent)

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(Mashup) [24, 26].

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[24].

, ,

[24, 27].

| | [20], [21], [22] [23]

- 5 -

. (Natural feature tracking) [19].

(ARhrrrr!) [19]

3.2

. A. Kruger (Projection AR) [20]. C. Woodward , , [21]. S. Feiner (Prototype) AR street view [22]. S. Feiner , , GPS (User interface) [22]. , , [23]. .

[20], [21], [22] [23]

3.3

2.1 (Challenges) . , ,


OSIA S & TR

4.

.

. , , .

,

(Concept) .

LBS(Location-based service)

.

(Wearable computing) , 1993 Fitzmaurice

GPS (Compass) [28] , 1997 Steve Feiner

AR Touring Machine [29] .

15 .

15 .

, (Vision)

, 11 1999 ( SIFT [30])

.

3 [18-19], 1 ~ 2

.

(Hybrid)

| |

- 6 -

[24]. , , , N95, M480, M490 [24]. , [24-25], . [17, 24]. (Agent) . (Mashup) [24, 26]. (Pose) , [24]. , , [24, 27].

4.

. . , , . , (Concept) .

LBS(Location-based service) . (Wearable computing) , 1993 Fitzmaurice GPS (Compass) [28] , 1997 Steve Feiner AR Touring Machine [29]

47

04

. [24-

27] .

. [24]

, [17]

[25]

. (Tagging) [27]

.

[26] ,

.

,

.

. ,

(Protocol) [31]

.

.

(Hype cycle) .

IT (Gartner)

SPRXMobile [32] Augmented Reality Hype Cycle

(Hype Cycle). LBS

(Pseudo AR) ,

(Markerless)

. 2D

| | () ()

- 7 -

. 15 . 15 . , (Vision) , 11 1999 ( SIFT [30]) . 3 [18-19], 1 ~ 2 . (Hybrid) . [24-27] .

. [24] , [17] [25] . (Tagging) [27] . [26] , .

() ()

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OSIA S & TR

3D 3D

.

(Viewer)

.

,

.

3D

.

5.

,

.

()

.

, .

| | (Hype Cycle)

- 8 -

(Hype cycle) .

IT (Gartner) SPRXMobile [32] Augmented Reality Hype Cycle (Hype Cycle). LBS (Pseudo AR) , (Markerless) . 2D 3D 3D . (Viewer) . , . 3D .

(Hype Cycle)

5.

, . () .

49

04

,

.

15 ,

11 .

,

,

. , //

U- ,

(In-situ)

.

[1] T. P. Caudell, and D. W. Mizell, Augmented Reality: An Application of Heads-Up Display

Technology to Manual Manufacturing Processes, Proceedings of 1992 IEEE Hawaii International

Conference on Systems Sciences, pp 659-669, 1992.

[2] P. Milgram and F. Kishino, "Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays", IEICE Transactions on

Information and Systems, pp. 1321-1329, 1994.

[3] R. Azuma, A Survey of Augmented Reality, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments,

pp. 355385, 1997.

[4] Google Trends, http://google.com/trends/ (accessed March. 20. 2010).

[5] I. Sutherland, A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display, Proceedings of Fall Joint Computer

Conference, pp. 757-764, 1968.

[6] Gartner, http://www.gartner.com/ (accessed March. 20. 2010).

[7] , , , , Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 29-40, 2004.

[8] F. Zhou, H. B. Duh and M. Billinghurst, Trends in Augmented Reality Tracking, Interaction and

Display: A Review of Ten Years of ISMAR, IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented

Reality, pp. 193-202, 2008.

[9] , , , , Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 5-14,

2008.


OSIA S & TR

[10] S. Oh and W. Woo, CAMAR: Context-aware Mobile Augmented Reality in Smart Space,

International Workshop on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality, pp. 48-51, 2009.

[11] C. Shin, W. Lee, Y. Suh, H. Yoon, Y. Lee and W. Woo, CAMAR 2.0: Future Direction of Context-

Aware Mobile Augmented Reality, International Symposium on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality 2009,

pp. 21-24, 2009.

[12] W. Holden, Whitepaper: Mobile Augmented Reality ~ A Whole New World, Juniper Research,

November, 2009.

[13] , , SERI , 46, 2010 3.

[14] KT, (Augmented Reality) Mobile

, DigiEco Issue Report, 20094.

[15] G. Klein and D. Murray, Parallel tracking and mapping for small ar workspaces, Proceedings of

6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2007), pp.

225-234, 2007.

[16] SLAM on iPhone, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBI5HwitBX4 (accessed March. 20. 2010).

[17] W. Lee and W. Woo, Real-time Color Correction for Marker-based Augmented Reality

Applications, International Workshop on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality 2009, pp. 32-25, 2009.

[18] D. Wagner, G. Reitmayr, A. Mulloni, T. Drummond and D. Schmalstieg, Pose tracking from natural

features on mobile phones, Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed

and Augmented Reality, 2008 (ISMAR 2008), pp. 125-134, 2008.

[19] ARhrrrr!, http://www.augmentedenvironments.org/lab/research/handheld-ar/arhrrrr/ (accessed

March. 20. 2010).

[20] J. Schning, M. Rohs, S. Kratz, M. Lchtefeld and A. Krger, Map Torchlight: a Mobile

Augmented Reality Camera Projector Unit, In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference

Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(SIGCHI 2009), pp. 3841-3846,

2009.

[21] T. Harviainen, O. Korkalo and C. Woodward, Camera-based Interactions for Augmented Reality,

Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE 2009), Vol. pp. 307-310, 2009.

[22] Y. Tokusho and S. Feiner, Prototyping an Outdoor Mobile Augmented Reality Street View

Application, IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2009.

[23] , , ,

: , 2010. (Accepted for publication)

51

04

[24] , , , , , , , , , CAMAR 2.0:

, SK Telecommunication Review, Vo. 19, No. 6, pp. 860-876, 2009.

[25] Y. Oh and W. Woo, , HCI, pp. 312-

314, 2010.

[26] H. Yoon and W. Woo, CAMAR Mashup: Empowering End-user Participation in U-VR

Environment, International Symposium on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality 2009, pp. 33-36, 2009.

[27] H. Kim and W. Woo, Real and Virtual Worlds Linkage through Cloud-Mobile Convergence,

Workshop on Cloud-Mobile Convergence for Virtual Reality (CMCVR10), March 20, 2010.

(Accepted for publication)

[28] G. W. Fitzmaurice, "Situated Information Spaces and Spatially Aware Palmtop Computers,

Communications of the ACM, Special Issue on Computer Augmented Environments: Back to the

Real World, vol. 36, issue 7, pp. 39-49, 1993.

[29] S. Feiner, B. MacIntyre, T. Hllerer and A. Webster, A Touring Machine: Prototyping 3D Mobile

Augmented Reality Systems for Exploring the Urban Environment, Proceedings of First IEEE

International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC '97), pp 7481. 1997.

[30] D. G. Lowe, Object Recognition from Local Scale-invariant Features," Proceedings of the

International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 11501157, 1999.

[31] H. R. Schmidtke and W. Woo, Towards ontology-based formal verification methods for context

aware systems, Pervasive 2009, pp. 309-326, 2009.

[32] SPRXMobile, http://www.sprxmobile.com/ (accessed March. 20. 2010).

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모바일 증강현실 기술동향 - icserv.gist.ac.kricserv.gist.ac.kr/mis/publications/data/2010/특집04v2_1.pdf · 모바일 증강현실 기술동향 ↘ 41 특 집 04 지를