一、油脂的结构和性质自我诊断 1. 如图所示为中学化学中制取肥皂的实验装置，实验中的操作如下： ①在仪器 A 中加入 8 mL 植物油、 8

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第 6 讲基本营养物质、高分子化合物. 基础盘点. 一、油脂的结构和性质自我诊断 1. 如图所示为中学化学中制取肥皂的实验装置，实验中的操作如下： ①在仪器 A 中加入 8 mL 植物油、 8 mL 乙醇和 4 mL NaOH 溶液。 ②在不断搅拌下，给装置 A 中的液体微微加热，直到混合物变稠。 ③继续加热，至反应完全。 ④把盛有混合物的仪器 A 放在冷水浴中冷却。加入 20 mL 蒸馏水和 25 mL NaCl 饱和溶液，充分搅拌。. ⑤ 用纱布滤出固态物质，弃去滤液。把固态物质挤干（可向其中加入 1~2 滴香料），并把它压制成条 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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1.A8 mL8 mL4 mL NaOHAA20 mL25 mL NaCl6
1~21A
2 3 NaCl 4 5HOCH2CHOHCH2OH
1. 2. , , CHONSP
C15H31COOHC17H35COOHC17H33COOHC17H31COOH
3.Na+RCOO-RCOO-COO- R
2.A. B. C.NaOH D.NaOH C
3. A.CHOB. C.D. D
1. C6H12O6C12H22O11C6H10O5n
2.1 mL 20%3~55 minpHCuOH23~5 min

C12H22O11()+H2OCH2OH(CHOH)4
3.

C6H10O5n+nH2OnC6H12O6C6H12O62CH3CH2OH+2CO2
4.A.NH42SO4B.C. D.HNO3D
5.AACHONNaOH2AB1B312AB HNO3A2AB+H2OA165
1. ,

-
1961

2.
3.
4.
5. 1 2 (NH4)2SO4Na2SO4NaCl
3 46. 1981DNARNA
6.PEPVCPEPVCA.PEPVCB.PEPVCC.PVCHClD.PEPVCB
1. ,, 104~1061 000
2. :
1nCH2 CHClnCH2 CHCNnCH2 CCH3COOCH3nCH2 CHCH CH2nCH2 CCH3CH CH2
nCH2nCH2nCH2
2nCH2nC6H5nCH3nCH3
3.
13-:13- 13-nCH2 CHCHCH213-
A B
1
NaOH
,
1NaOHH2SO4,2
1 A.B.C.D. CuOH2,NaOHB
X ()
2
2A.NH42SO4 B. 1965 C. D.HNO3 HNO3 NH42SO4 A
1CaSO4MgCl22 1CaSO4MgCl22
2 A. B.C.D.0.1%~0.5%
AABCD A
1.
2.
3.HOHHHO
HOHHOH
31
3
COOHOHCOOHNH2OH

OH
3 PETGPETGPETGPETG
RCOOR1+R2OH RCOOR2+R1OHRR1R2
1X23BI4nDnEnH=mn56ENaHCO3
1PETG HOCH2CH2OHBFGHEEHE

DHOCH2CH2
OHFCDGXNaOH 2PETG 3EHB PETGD+H+II

4PETGnDnEnH=mm+nn
5GG H

DA CBrCH2-CH2Br+2H2O HOCH2CH2OH+2HBr

H2
1NaOH 2

4mm+nn5HOCH2 CH2OH+3H2HOCH2 CH2OHBrCH2CH2Br+2H2O HOCH2CH2OH+2HBr
1.CH2OHCHOHCHOHCHOHCHOA.B.C.D.B
2.A.B.C.D. A;B;C;,DA
3.A.B.C.D.K2CO3 K2CO3,K2CO3D
4.A
ACCC
1CD 2DEDE 3AFH4 5AE
1 2
5..AC57H106O6111B2CB280NCNHNO=9161 1B 2C C 35C
.RCH=CHRKMnO4RCH=CHR RCOOH+RCOOH1B1DEDEDEKMnO4HOOCCH210COOH CH3CH27COOHHOOCCH27COOH CH3CH24COOH
4DE 5B 6A . 1 mol A1 mol B2 molCBC18H32O2C18CCH3CH216COOH
.B4H1 mol B1 mol H2DEC18H34O2DEKMnO4HOOCCH210COOH CH3CH27COOHHOOCCH27COOH CH3CH24COOHDECH3CH27CH CHCH27COOHCH3CH24CH CHCH210COOH
1C18H32O22CH3CH216COOH 3CH3CH2CH2CH2COOHCH3CH2CHCOOH

CH3CHCH2COOHCH33CCOOH4CH3(CH2)7CH CH(CH2)7COOHCH3CH24CH CHCH210COOH5CH3CH24CH CHCH2CH CHCH27COOH
6
6. A.72B.C3H4O3C.1 molH2 44.8 L D.1 molNaHCO3CO2 22.4 LD
7.

1 molNaOHNaOHA.3 molB.4 molC.3n molD.4n mol 3n3n mol NaOHn moln mol NaOH4n mol NaOHD
8.PMAA

R1R2R3
1AGA G 23C D 4CF1 mol CF
4 2 mol
12,5,601.200911-damasconc , A.C13H20OB.C.1 mol19 mol O2D.CCl4 AgNO3
AHBC1313O220H5O213+5-0.5=17.5DBr2Br-AgNO3 C
2.200930

A.B.C.D.C3H6N6
ABCC NC D
3.200931 A.H2B.C.D. COH2 H2H2ABCC+H2OgCO+H2DB
4.20099 A.B. C.D. ASiO2 BCCONOCO2N2DB
5. A. B.C. D. A
6. A.CHOB.C.D. CHON SA B CD
7.2004A.B.NH42SO4 C.D.
CHON,, A
8. A.B.C.D. FeSO47H2O,B
9.NaOHHNO3Al2O3 NH42CO3

A. B.C.D. Al2O3NaOHHNO3,BB
10.

( )

HOH
A.

B.C.D.
ABnC D
11.NaOHBaNO32 SOCuSO4 Na2CO3 A.B.C.D.
SO NaOH C
12.CVitamin C
A.CC6H10O6B.CC.CC OD.C CC6H8O6ACBCHOC OCD D
44013.14200928SPLASPLA
1A23DED31 mol D2 mol AgNH32OHDD4BGGNaHCO3,CuOH21 mol GNa1 mol H2G5B
ABDC5H10O4 EC5H12O4DC5H10O4D1-CHO, D
1 2CH2 CH2+H2O CH3CH2OH2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2OCH2 CH2+HBr CH3CH2BrCH3CH2Br+H2O CH3CH2OH+HBrCH3CH2Br+NaOH CH3CH2OH+NaBr2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O
3 CCH2OH3CHOCCH2OH3CHO+2AgNH32OHCCH2OH3COONH4+2Ag+3NH3+H2O
14.101

A BCD
2

NaCl SO2
1

A BHNO3 C DFeCl3
NaOH H2O NaOH NaCl
15.61-2NaOH:
3364 1
2

C8H9NO2H2OC16H14N2O26 344H2O364+72=436
16.10A(C6H8O4)ABC4H4O4B1A 2B 3BB
4BA5C4H7NO4B
AAC6H8O4+H2O BC4H4O4+AA

,AB
1 2