מונחה עצמים- תרגול 1 | C vs. C++

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Object Oriented ProgrammingTirgul 1

C and C++

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Difference between C and C++

C++,,COOP.

CC++,)(

C)-C++(.

C++g++)gcc.(-.h,.cpp

'.

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,.

C++class.classdata types.

,OOP),'(

C++.

.

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C"/* */C++.

C++//:.

intadd(int a, int b){

// This is a C++ commentint i = a + b;

/* This is a C comment

that works also in c++ */

return i;

}

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C C++

i.

.

",.

{int i;

// Can access i

for (i=0;i

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:

2.

3?

intfloat?


Function overloading -

int add(int a, int b){

return a+b;

{

int add3(int a, int b, int c){

return a+b+c;

{

int addIF(int a, float b){

return a+b;

{

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:

)(.

.

)addIF,int-float,"

".(

!



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.

.

C,.

C++,.



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C++"+.

""

.'""

"".



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int add(int a, int b){

return a+b;

}

float add(int a, int b){

return a+b;

}

:

:

-type!

),

(


Function overloading -int add(int a, int b){

return a+b;

{int add(int a, int b, int c){

return a+b+c;

{int add(int a, float b){

return a+b;

{

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-Overload Resolution

.

".

".

,

)implicit conversion(".

"".



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-Overload Resolution

:



int add(float a, int b);

int add(int a, float b);

int x,y;

add(x,y);

//error - more than one best viable function

/* error message:

call of overloaded `add(int&, int&)' is ambiguous

candidates are: int add(float, int)

int add(int, float) */

add(x,(float)y);

//OK - calls the 2nd function

add((float)x,y);

//OK - calls the 1st function

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:

C++.

.

.



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:

2.

3.:

,2.


intadd(int a, int b);

intadd(int a, int b);

intadd(int a, int b, int c);

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:

.

,2

3. 2.32c0.

function overloading.


intadd(int a, int b, int c=0){

return a+b+c;

}

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C++.

)"-

).h(..(

).(

..


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:

?


intfunc (int a, int b, int c)

{

return a+b+c;

}

intfunc ()

intfunc (int a)

intfunc (int a, int b)

intfunc (int a, int b, int c);

intfunc (int a=10, int b = 20, int c=30);

file.h

file.cpp

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:

x: x=func(1,2,3)

x=func(1,2)

x=func(1)

x=func()


6

33

51

60

intfunc (int a, int b, int c)

{

return a+b+c;

}

intfunc (int a=10, int b = 20, int c=30);

file.h

file.cpp

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C,int")0=,=.(

C++-)bool.(2:\)true \ false.(

:


bool isRich (int money){

bool rich = money > 200000;

if (rich) //or if (rich==true)

return true;

else //if (!rich) //or if (rich==false)

return false;

{

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2.

.

,,.

.int4bool

.


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Cmalloc)(free

".

)",

sizeof().(casting.

C++new-delete.


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C C++

)

.(

casting.

#include

int *pi = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));

if(pi == NULL){

... /* out of memory */

}

*pi = 6;

...free(pi);


int main() {

int *pi = new int;*pi=6;

delete pi;

return 0;

{

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C)malloc(.

.

...

casting.


-

int arrSize = 10;

int *pi = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * arrSize);

if(pi == NULL){ ... /* out of memory */ }

pi[3] = 6;

...

free(pi);

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,C++,.

...)

.(

casting.


-

int main() {

int arraySize = 10;int *pi = new int[arraySize];

pi[7]=4;

delete[] pi;

return 0;

{

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:),(

C++mallocfree.

,new\deletemalloc\free.

newdeletenew[]delete[].

delete-NULL.


-

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C)&(-indirection.(*)

C++:-reference.-reference.

:

,ji) .&jj.(

ij.


Reference

int i=1;

int& j=i;

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:-i-j

. .k,

-i

i.reference

.!

,.


Reference

int i = 10 ;

int& j = i;

int k = i;i = 7;

j++;

j = k;

j = 4;

// i=j=7, k=10

// i=j=8, k=10

// i=j=10, k=10

// i=j=4, k=10

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-referencereferenceparameters.

reference,.

, ,,.

reference parameters.


Reference parameters

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:

isRich.

"

isRich(15000);,,int money=15000;.

.

.



bool isRich (int money){

bool rich = money > 20000;

if (rich) //or if (rich==true)return true;

else //if (!rich) //of if (rich==false)

return false;

}

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:2.

?"swap (x,y);

,int& a=x;-int& b=y;.

.reference-x-y

.



voidswap(int& a, int& b){int temp=a;

a=b;

b=temp;

}

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by reference by pointer

.) .

"(

int*

.


reference

voidswap(int& a, int& b){int temp=a;

a=b;

b=temp;

}

voidswap(int* a, int* b){

int temp=*a;

*a=*b;*b=temp;

}

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:

reference

.

referencex,

!



int& add(int a, int b){

int x = a+b;

return x;}

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reference

.

NULL.

.

.

.

NULL.

.


reference

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,C++OOP,

..

,C++',:

istreamcin. ostreamcout.

.

"


#include

usingnamespace std;

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istream.

.

-C.


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:

,)(,.

.?

.


char c;

cin>>c;

int n;

cin>>n;

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c; int n;cin>>n;

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cout.

>>

.char

char.

intint

.


char c='a';

cout

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.:

2.123

321?x=123 y=321

cin,cout.,,

.


int x,y;

cin>>x>>y;

cout

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C C++


int x,y;cin>>x>>y;

cout

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C++.C,"#DEFINE.

,,125"A."

C++.

const..-const!


const

constint ci=125;

#define A 125

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:


const

//OK. arr[3]=default=0

//error: assignment of read-only variable `ci'

//error: uninitialized const `cj'

//OK

//OK

//error:

//too many initializers for `const int[2]'

const int ci=125; //initializationci=55;

const int cj;

const int intArray[3] = {3,12,135};

const int intArray2[2] = {3,12,135};

const int intArray3[4] = {3,12,135};

int i=ci;

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const.

-cpiconst int,!

,cpi.

.


const -

constint* cpi;

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)"(,

.

?

,,a,

.


const -

intdontChange(constint* a);

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:

const int* pc;-pcconst.

pcconst,.

int* const cpcpconst.,

., cp.

const int* const cpccpcconstconst)2.(

cp.


const -

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?


const -

constint ci = 25;constint* pc = &ci;

*pc = 5;

int j = 9;

int* pi = &j;

pc = &j;pc = pi;

pi = pc;

Error: assignment of read-only location

Error: invalid conversion from `const int*' to `int*'

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swap(x,y):

123456

?

x=123 y=456


int x,y;

cin>>x>>y;

swap(x,y);

cout

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swap(x,y):

123456

?

x=456 y=456


int x,y;

cin>>x>>y;

swap(x,y);

cout

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C C++


Hello World!

#include using namespace std;

int main() {

cout

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מונחה עצמים- תרגול 1 | C vs. C++