1.

1.5

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1 1.1.11. 4-2 50Hz.

1.11.1.11.

1.11.1.1 1. 50%

1.11.1.1 2.

1.11.1.1 2.:DC/DC

1.11.1.2 5%

1.11.1.2 1.

1.11.1.2 1.

1.11.1.2 2.DC/ACDC/AC

1.11.1.2 2. :

1.2 1.2.1 : MPPT3

2.22.2.1 4-5

2.22.2.1 1. --- 600V96%

2.22.2.1 1. ---

2.22.2.1 2. a 450 -820V97%

2.22.2.1 2. 600 - 1000V98% b

2.22.2.1 3. 450820V97% dY;

2.22.2.1 3.

2.22.2.2 (HFT)(LFT) EspelageB. K. Bose1977 DC/DC(DC/HFAC/DC/LFAC)(DC/HFAC/LFAC)

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC 93% 1.

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC DC/AC: DC/AC DC/AC

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC:((50%)PWMLC

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC:()

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC2. SPWPM

SPWPM(Position,)

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC2. SPWPM

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC2. SPWPM

:SPWMSPWPMSPWPMSPWMSPWMSPWPMSPWPMSPWPMSPWM

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC3. DC/DC

.

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC3. DC/DC

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC3. DC/DC

SPWPMSPWPM SPWPM()

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC3. DC/DC

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.1 DC/DC3. DC/DC

;;((ZVZCS)(ZVS)

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.2 1.

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.2 1.

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.2 1.

:PWM(50%)

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.2 1.

SPWPMSPWPM

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.2 2.

;; ;

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.2 2.

SPWPMSPWPMSPWM

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.2 2.

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.2 2.

2.22.2.2 2.2.2.2 2.

(ZVS); V1V3 V2V4

2.32.3.1 DC/AC

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.1 Buck-Boost

Buck-BoostBuck-BoostBuek-Boost(Discontinuous Current Mode, DCM)

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.1 Buck-Boost

:

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.1 Buck-Boost

:V1,,L1,C

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.1 Buck-Boost

:V2,,CL1

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.1 Buck-Boost

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.2 Z

: 1) 2) 3)

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.2 Z

Z: 1)Z 2)

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.2 Z

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.2 Z

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.2 Z

1)VDT1

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.2 Z

2)VDT.T0

2.32.3.1 2.3.1.2 Z

:ZBuck-Boost;

2.32.3.2

DC/DCDC/ACBoost

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.1 BoostBoost(MPPT)DC/AC

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.1 Boost1. Boost VTsD0

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.1 Boost2. PWM DC/AC

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.1 Boost2. PWM PWM SPWMSPWMSPWMSPWMSP-WMSPWM

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.1 Boost2. PWM SPWM

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.2 Boost Boost:BoostVD

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.2 Boost1.Uin< Uout BoostVcBoost

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.2 Boost1.

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.2 Boost1. BooatBoostVDbLbVDcBoost

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.2 Boost2.

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.2 Boost2. Uin< UoutBoostD;Uin >Uout

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.2 Boost2. BoostVc,V1V4

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.3 Boost

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.3 Boost

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.3 Boost 1) S1VD1 LiS2, VD2LbBoostPWMPWMS1S2 .

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.3 Boost 2) BoostBoost;

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.3 Boost(MW)

EMI

2.32.3.2 2.3.2.3 Boost

2.32.3.3

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.1 1. SPWM(1)(2)A/D(3)(4)

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.1 2. (1)(2)PI,A/D(3)

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.1 2.

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.1 2.

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.1 2.

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 1.

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 1.

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 1.

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 1. 1ucm.

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 1. 1 PWMPWM 2; 2

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 1. 2 ub0 boost

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 2. 1

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 2. 1UPV

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 2. 2

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 2. 2

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 2. 3H5VI1VI3VI4VI5PWMVI2 VI5PWM

2.32.3.3 2.3.3.2 2. 3H5UPV98.1%97.7%.

2.4

2.42.4.1

2.42.4.1

2.42.4.1 ;

2.42.4.1

2.42.4.1 : :1nMPPT :EMC

2.42.4.2 DC-DCMPPT DC-DCBoost

2.42.4.2 MPPT

2.42.4.2 Buck-Boost Buck-BoostPWM Buck-BoostBuck-BoostBuck-Boost(DCM)Buck-BoostBuck-BoostBuck-Boost

2.42.4.2

2.42.4.3 3;

2.42.4.3

2.42.4.3

MPPT

MPPI

2.42.4.3 ()

2.42.4.3 1. DC-DCHH

2.42.4.3 2. 3: (1)(SHEPWM) (2)fit (3) SPWM SPWM(CD) PWM(CPS) PWM

2.42.4.3 2. Nf:

1):H1800/NN2fN

2):H36000/NNfN

2.42.4.3 3. HMPPT

:MPPT

2.42.4.3 3. 2,

2.52.5.1 2.5.1.1 1970s 1980s ISET Kleinkauf AC module 1990s 1992 ZSW 50W 1994ZSW 100W 19941996Mastervilt, OKE-ServicsAlpha Real 1997AES

2.52.5.1 2.5.1.1 Enphase EnergyMIEnphase MicroinvertersMIMIM215VDE

Enecsys2011SMI-D480W-60480W(Dumicro-inverter)

2.52.5.1 2.5.1.1

2.52.5.1 2.5.1.1

2.52.5.1 2.5.1.1

2.52.5.1 2.5.1.2 1. MI1234MI5MI67MPPT8910

2.52.5.1 2.5.1.2 2. MI1

2

3

4

2.52.5.1 2.5.1.3 MIMIMIMI(1)MI(2)(3)(4)MPPT(5)(6)(7)

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.1 MIDC/DCDC/AC

MI

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.1 MI

1) 2) 3)

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.2 DC/DC

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.2 123DC/DCDC/AC 1DC/DC/DC/AC2 3

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.2 MI

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.2 ZVCSDC/DC DC/DCZVCS

DC/DC

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.3 MI(Flyback)MI DC/DCDC/AC. DC/DC DC/AC

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.3 MI

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.3 1) 2) 1) 2)

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.3 MI

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.3 MI Buck-Boost

2.52.5.2 2.5.2.3 MIMPPT MPPPT MIMI