êêêêéúòééúúòòéúò úðåîà · 2016-03-02 · 86 êéúò úðåîà 6 lv` dxez cenll jled did l"vf n"xbd jk ,xaer men edn rcil xwa irex z` xikdl ick mibexz` irhnl

úðåîàúðåîàúðåîàúðåîàéúòéúòéúòéúòêêêê"mirxf xcq df Ð zpen`"(`"r `l zay)

"rxefe minlerd iga oin`ny"

(hi milidz aeh xgey yxcn)

86 'qn oeilb

r"yz fenz Ð r"yz oeiq

ux`de dxezd oekn?oelwy` Ð dfr lag Ð mexc xtk

:jxer

yecw lìxab axd

:zkxrn

iginr ield dcedi axd

oncixt lèi axd

ux`de dxezd oekn z`veda

oelwy` xbxa cec 'gx

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miipxez xwgn ipeknl dwlgnd

©

zexeny zeiekfd lk

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cenire xcq

077-3535047 `"`

n"ra xfe`d qetc

miizrab

ïëåúïëåúïëåúïëåú

zkxrn xn`n

l"wevf edil` n"xbd oeivl oey`xd lr

iginr ield dcedi axd5

l`xyi ux` aeyi zeevn xecn

i"` aeyi zeevne i`pi 'x ly minxkd zrihp

iwqleaegeq mdxa` axd11

dlxr

dlxrn ieb z`pdoiihyt` awri axd17

oenixd ura mixhege mixvpa dlxroncixt lèi axd24

ozlyad mxh irax rhp zexit leligoiihyt` awri axd35

dlg

lrtna dlg zyxtdoncixt lèi axd43

zepey

d`pd myl dkga biicaehig` ced` axd53

gqta obc uingzxpbii` cec axd63

daebz ± eizeleabe aeigd mrh ± mirlez zwica

oncixt lèi axd82

86 êéúò úðåîà

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íéôúúùîäíéôúúùîäíéôúúùîäíéôúúùîä úîéùøúîéùøúîéùøúîéùø

xpbii` cec axdux`de dxezd oekn

aehig` ced` axd,ux`de dxezd oekn

mixev oira milwc dep zlidw ax

doiihyt` awri axux`de dxezd oekn

iwqleaegeq mdxa` axdux`de dxezd oekn

iginr ield dcedi axdux`de dxezd oekn

oncixt lèi axdux`de dxezd oekn

yecw lìxab axddixney aeyid ax ,ux`de dxezd oekn


5

iginr ield dcedi axd

ïåéöìïåéöìïåéöìïåéöì ïåùàøäïåùàøäïåùàøäïåùàøä ìòìòìòìòì"÷åöæì"÷åöæì"÷åöæì"÷åöæ åäéìàåäéìàåäéìàåäéìà î"øâäî"øâäî"øâäî"øâä

dxnd dricid z` ,l`xyi zia lk enk ,ax a`ka elaiw ux`de dxezd oekn ipax

sihw yebl edil` n"xbd ly xywd ,l"wevf edil` n"xbd x"en ly ezxiht zece`

cecir epnn ,diyez epnn ,dvr epnn .zeax mipy jyna icinze mg xyw did oeknle

epnvr mvnvl epiqip ,dlecbd dcia`d lr a`kd zxieeà ,el` zexeya .dpeekde

l` milina.ycewa ekxce ezencn hrnd on hrnd ,e

íééçíééçíééçíééç úøåúúøåúúøåúúøåú

úãçåéîúãçåéîúãçåéîúãçåéî äëìääëìääëìääëìä ú÷éñôú÷éñôú÷éñôú÷éñô

dpy miyelyk jyna ,zcgein dziid l"vf oeivl oey`xd ly dkldd zwiqt

eid dkldd iwqt lk .miiepiy `ll midf eid dkldd iwqt cinz axd z` izxkdy

daeyz dze` wx `l .dxexa daeyz dlaiw dl`y lky jk mixcbene mixexa

zecaer e` xetiq deeln did znieqn dl`yl m` `l` milawn epiid zizkld

erapy miiepiy eid .mrtl mrt oia iepiy `ll dxevd dzeà exqnp od zetqep

mixaca ,ziriay zyecw elaiw xzei lek`l elgdy zexit :oebk ,zeìvnd gxekn

.miiepiy `ll dxexa dziid dkldd zxiqn la` ,onfd itl ze`xedd eid elld

*

úåàéöîäúåàéöîäúåàéöîäúåàéöîä úòéãéúòéãéúòéãéúòéãé

`yep lk cenll eilbx zzk ,zeìvnd zricia cgein did l"vf oeivl oey`xd

z` xikdl ,ghya zeìvnd z` cenll dfn zegt `l mle` dkldd zexewnn

`xnbdy itk ,ziyrnd zeìvnd(a"r d oixcdpq)lv` cenll jldy ax lr zxtqn


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lv` dxez cenll jled did l"vf n"xbd jk ,xaer men edn rcil xwa irex

z` xikdl ick mibexz` irhnl ezkild lr minrt xtqn xtiq èd .miìwad

zeiyrnd zeevnd lke ,dcp oiprl ze`xn ibeq cenil oiiprl oke ,mzpekze mibexz`d

('eke zevn ziit` ,m"zq)èd ,dycg zizeìvn dl`y dxxerzd xy`k eini aexra .

lkeiy ick mi`vnnd z` eiptl ìape zeìvnd z` eliaya xewgpy epil` dpt

,milcbne mixwegn ephwly rcind z` xeqnl eil` epàyk .zizkld rixkdl

ahid xikdl dvxy `l` ,cnle `yepd z` xwg xak l"vf v"ly`xd epixeny epilib

.miccvd lkn zeìvnd z`

*

äëìääëìääëìääëìä éøåãäéøåãäéøåãäéøåãä

`l l"vf n"xbd .dwiqtd ly ceqid ipa`n dziid dxdhe dyecwl dti`yd

zeevna xcdl xyt` m` àxc` `l` `lewle `wtq wtq byena ynzydl daxd

.aeh dn mipexgè mipey`x zehiy cer lelkle(miigd ske ig yi` oa da ekldy jxca).

ad l"pd miwqetdy zenewna ok lrbdpn zeidl jtd dfe fpky` iwqet z` eì

zeihxt ze`xeda .lwd i"ad minrty zexnl ,df bdpnk bedpl yi dlidwdxg`l)

(minieqn miyrn eyrpy.dwiqtd illk it lr c`n lwn did

*

äëìääëìääëìääëìä ãåîéììãåîéììãåîéììãåîéìì ãåãéòãåãéòãåãéòãåãéò

eziaa epayi zekeq axra mrt ,micinlzd z` ccgl dvx axd zeax minrt

ozyt iheg ilr sterzd dwicad zryae xnv xceeq izyal ,miax mibexz` epwcae

(mda mibexz`d z` mither eidy)fphry jilr yi il xirde lkzqd l"vf n"xbd ,

xnvd iheg jeynl izeligd cine iytp z` izrci `l !eicgi mizyte xnv ,mi`lk

rey `l dfy oeeikn mi`lk o`k oi`y ida` hana il xn` l"vf n"xbd fè .ilrn

.dyrna cenild did lecb ,fepe ieeh

`l` xeq` e` xzena wtzqn did `l ,ze`xn ipic lr dper did xy`k mb

.'eke df heg xizd in ?efd dcewpd lr lèy `l dz` dnl ,le`yl xxern didy

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äååðòäååðòäååðòäååðò

lr miwyn xy`k m`d ,zaya zexhnna yeniy zece` epc ayena ax izeida

ly xefitd geeh cxei ,ziaa milecbd mind ifxa z` migzete zaya zexhnn ici


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.zaya mpic dn dl`yd dl`ype ,diwydd geeh dler mixbeq xy`ke ,diwydd in

xizdl xyt`y izayg inezl ipè xq` l"vf n"xbdmya dpekp dgepn xtq oiir)

(`"efgdil dpr ,aeyiia zexedl cvik zrk dyr` dn izl`y xy`k .(ezepzeepr aexa)

.exgai xak mde ,jk xne` edil` axde jk xne` iginr axd aeyiid ipal xen`

dpr l"vf n"xbd ,iginr axd k"gè edil` axd mcew xnel xyt` m`d izl`y

.jznkgk dyr ,epze` jixcnd ida`d ekeiga

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äãîúääãîúääãîúääãîúä

dhiny zekld `zexaga l"vf n"xbd mr cenll izikf n"yz dhinyd zpya

mixdvd xg` did cenild .laeie(16.30-18.00)laeie dhiny zekld m"anx epcnl ,

c`n cr n"qkd ixaca wiicn did l"vf n"xbd .f"acxe n"qk mr epcnl ,xcqk

.zizkld ziyrn zelkzqd jezn ,f"acxde n"qkdn ìvedl xyt`y n"wtpd dne

zewqtd `ll did cenild(hrnk)zycwene zcgein dziid epcnly ivge dryd ,

erixti `l ywia ,l"vf n"xbd ,zeipevig zerxtd mey `ll hrnk ,cenill wx

cenild jldna('eke mipetlh exared `l)qenr mei xg`l ,dnevr dziid dcnzdd .

.dcnzd aexa dxez cenll envr z` l"vf n"xbd dpit ,miyp` zel`yae oicd ziaa

xnè ,m"anxd lr gpen didy sca dxez iyecig aezkl xizd l"vf n"xbd

.m"anxd ly eceakl dfy

õøàáõøàáõøàáõøàá úåéåìúäúåéåìúäúåéåìúäúåéåìúä úååöîäåúååöîäåúååöîäåúååöîäå ì"öæì"öæì"öæì"öæ î"øâäî"øâäî"øâäî"øâä

õøàäåõøàäåõøàäåõøàäå äøåúääøåúääøåúääøåúä ïåëîìïåëîìïåëîìïåëîì øù÷äøù÷äøù÷äøù÷ä

zeriaw dziid ux`de dxezd oeknl(oeivl oey`xk yniy axd xy`k)mrt cenll

ezkyla ycega(dnly lkid)z` miìan epiid ep` .uxà zeielzd zeevna

wnerl mipey`xde `xnbd jxc llev did axde ,l"vf oeivl oey`xd l` zel`yd

,dkyla zeaxd zecxhd zexnl ,el` zeyibta mb .dkldd xexa z` wfgl ,dkldd

gex zgp ly dry el yiy epl xn` .cenild onfa erixti `ly citwd l"vf n"xbd

.elld cenild zerya dax gex zxew el yie ,dkyla diiyrd ipiipr lkn

oeird meia l"vf oeivl oey`xd ly zizernynd zetzzydd dzid zxzekd zleb

eixeriya od meid fkxn did l"vf n"xbd zeax mipyy ,haya e"h izxeqnd


8

mixetiqa eixac leaizae zetixga ,oga ldwd zel`yl zeaeyza ode mitl`nd

.dwiqt znkge miig znkg mdn cenll did ozipy zeiyrne

*

õøàáõøàáõøàáõøàá âäðîäåâäðîäåâäðîäåâäðîäå í"áîøäí"áîøäí"áîøäí"áîøä

zeielzd zeevna l`xyi uxà bedpl yiy rixkd l"vf n"xbd oeivl oey`xd

d k"` `l` ,l`xyi ux` ly `xz`c `x`n èdy m"anxd zrck uxàr"ey

l`xyi ux` ibdpn oiiprl .zxg` lawzd l`xyi ux` bdpny e` zexg` zerc ìad

miigd ux` ixac lr c`n jnzqd(oedziq)n"xbd lv` c`n aiag did df xtq ,

.l"vf

*

õøàäõøàäõøàäõøàä úåìåáâúåìåáâúåìåáâúåìåáâ

ip` minrt xtqn xn` l"vf n"xbd ,zercde zehiyd eax ux`d zeleab oiipra

.epnn xzei cere `nexc xa ixack hwepzeleab z` xzeia daigxnd ìd ef dhiy)

(ux`d....

*

äèéîùáäèéîùáäèéîùáäèéîùá ùéøçäùéøçäùéøçäùéøçä

,ziriaya mipkxvle mi`lwgl dkxcdd zexaeg lr xar l"vf oeivl oey`xd

ezncwda .diwp zleqk mixacd z` xxae mixac siqede dtip sirq xg` sirq

weqtd lr exaqd z` ìad ziriayl dkxcd zexaegl"˙Â·˘˙ ¯Èˆ˜·Â ˘È¯Á·"

m"anxd la` ,dhinya `le ziy`xa zaya xn`p èdy(dhiny zekld zligz)eìad

xn`p ziy`xa zayay myky epcnll ,ziriay zekldl jiiyk"˘‡ Â¯Ú·˙ ‡Ï"

ziriayay m"anxd siqed ok lr ,zwelgnd y`l dpeekdy l"vf miig sqei axd xìae

z`f dyr xeq`le xingdl dvxz m`"˘È¯Á·".zwelgn icil ìaz `ly hwya

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õøàäõøàäõøàäõøàä øöåàøöåàøöåàøöåà

wefige znwda c`n jnz l"vf oeivl oey`xd,"ı¯‡‰ ¯ˆÂ‡"mi`lwgd wefigl

zexnl .mixkp zexita yeniy repnl jci`ne dxikn xzid `ll ziriay xenyl elkeiy

zizkldd ezhiy(m"anxd zrck)dyrnl .migitq xeqi` ea yi ziriaya hwlpd lky

`d xve` z` xyt`le wfgl zpn lr y"xd zrck o`k lwdl oken did èdznkg .ux


9

yi iebn dipw lk oky ,l`xyi mr z` livdl zpn lr lwdl zrcl ef ìd zcgein miig

meyn da."Â‡ÏÓ ÌÈÓ„ Ì‰È„È"

*

íé÷úåðîíé÷úåðîíé÷úåðîíé÷úåðî íéòöîíéòöîíéòöîíéòöî

oexztk miwzepn mirvna lecibd `yep z` elrdy el` oia did l"vf n"xbd

minrtle ,zenngd z` miniwn cvik zeizkld zeigpd ozp èd .dhinyd zpyl

.zennga xzei aeh fewip mixvei cvik zeiyrn zevr ozp s`

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äìøòäìøòäìøòäìøò

ok lre ,mccerle mwfgl jxev d`xe mi`lwgl b`c c`n l"vf oeivl oey`xd

n"xbd .zelzyna dlxrd zepy aeyig ici lr ,dlxrd zepy xeviw `yepa c`n jnz

ezgti dlxrd ifeg`y ick dreaw zxbqnl eqpki mixacdy c`n lczyd l"vf

.uxà

ezhiy itle ,migwetn mpi`y miweeya zxvez ziipwa c`n xingd l"vf n"xbd

.migwetn zenewna wx zepwl `l` ,miweeya dlxr ifeg` lr jenql oi` zizkldd

*

íéàìëíéàìëíéàìëíéàìë

oeeikn ,mi`lk meyn mda yi fetze zileky`y ayg l"vf oeivl oey`xd

dpey mnrhy(odk htyna l"vf wew axd zrck)xy`k .milrd zxeva iepiyl sqepa ,

ok m` ,lwdl dxed l"vf `"efgde oeeiky epl xn` ,jk zexedl m`d eze` epl`y

zpiga df ixd"Ô˜Ê ‰¯Â‰ ¯·Î"dxedy dna wxy citwdl la` .zwelgnl mexbl `le

.mipin ipyk aiygdle xingdl yi mixacd x`yae edenk lwdl yi `"efgd

*

øöåàäøöåàäøöåàäøöåàä úéáúéáúéáúéá

znwda c`n jnz ok lr ,oey`x xyrn epzie exyriy dvx c`n l"vf n"xbd

mipya avnd didy itk `le ,zexyrnd z` miiprle miiell ozepy xve`d zia

xyrn ozep `ly iny xne` did àxcè ,mipzep `le miyixtn eidy zencew

.hayd z` lfeb èd oey`x


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elawi wx `l milrady citwd l"vf n"xbd xve`d zia oxw dnwed xy`k

re .rahna miiynn mitzey eidi `l` ,rahnd lr llgl zeyxmixecd siqed ce

xaca ezhiyl m`zda ,xzeia daehd jxca ldpzi xve`d ziay zpn lr miax

.zeevnd ziiyr zenly

*

óéè÷óéè÷óéè÷óéè÷ ùåâåùåâåùåâåùåâå íé÷øçîíé÷øçîíé÷øçîíé÷øçî úåøéäæúåøéäæúåøéäæúåøéäæ

`yep ok lre ,zenqxetndn dziid dxdhe dyecwl l"vf oeivl oey`xd zti`y

.eil`n oaene iqiqa xack l"vf n"xbd lv` eid mzlik`n zerpnide miwxgd

milr zewxi lecib iabl zeizkldd zeigpdd ly oey`xd okezd z` wvi l"vf n"xbd

lecibd ly zeìvnd z` cenll ick ghya eyrp mixeiq xtqn .miwxg `ll

.df leciba zeizkldd zerxkdde

ezrcl .miwxg `ll lecib ly zehiyd gezita epze` ccer c`n l"vf n"xbd

jka d`x èd ,milibx zewxi zepwl xeq`l yi miwxg `ll lecib yiyk epinia

ytpd zexiqn z` yibcd `yepa yxcy mewn lka ok enk .xeqi`dn eipir milrn

mixedh zelk`nl mibècd mde ,l`xyi ux` z` miayiind sihw yeb iyp` ly

.mixcedne

x"en ly lecbd eliv oexqgy oaenk ,mi`yep oeebna epagxd epiptly oelra

iginr dcedi axd ly eixac epexqg ybxei cere epa xkip l"vf edil` n"xbd

denzd edyrn .epl xqgiy lcebd zybxd ,hrna ele mi`han zxaegd zgizta

iwqleaegeq mdxa` axd z` ìad minxk ze`n rax` rhpy i`pi 'x ly

mipeyd dihaida dlxr xeqi` ziibeq .ux`d aeyi zeevn ixcba zepiiprn zepwqnl

ieb z`pd lr oiihyt` awri axd ly exn`na ,eply zxaega cakp mewn dlaiw

.oncixt lèi axd ly exn`na oenixd ur ly mixvpa dlxr oice ,dlxr zexitn

awri axd ly exn`na mzlyad mxh zexit irax rhp zectl aeig yi m`d oke

axd wqr uiwd zteg z`xwl .oncixt axd azk lrtna dlg zyxtd lr .oiihyt`

exn`na gqta uingz ly epic dn .d`pd myl dkga biic zl`ya aehig` ced`

mirlez zwica oipra oncixt axd ly ezaebza epnzge xpbii` cec axd ly siwnd

.oexg`d oinegza qla ozpedi axd ly exn`n lr

mlyd dpiipal dkfp mixvnd oia ini jezne dpdn uiw epi`xew lkl milg`n

milyexi ly

jizr zpen` zkxrn


11

iwqleaegeq mdxa` axd

'ø'ø'ø'ø ìùìùìùìù íéîøëäíéîøëäíéîøëäíéîøëä úòéèðúòéèðúòéèðúòéèðáåùéáåùéáåùéáåùé úååöîåúååöîåúååöîåúååöîå éàðééàðééàðééàðé

é"àé"àé"àé"à

`xnbd(`"r ci `xza àa):i`pi 'xe in` 'x ly mdiyrn lr zxtqn

Â�Ï ‰Âˆ ‰¯Â˙ ‡ÓÏÈ„ Â‰Ï ¯Ó‡ ‰¯Â˙ È¯ÙÒ ‰‡Ó '„ ÈÓ‡ È·¯ ·˙Î

Ï"‡ ÈÓ¯Î ‰‡Ó Ú·¯‡ È‡�È '¯ ÚË� ‡¯ÈÊ '¯Ï ‡·¯ Ï"‡ ·˙Î ‰˘Ó

·�Ê ‡ˆÂÈ ˙Á‡Â ÌÈ˙˘ „‚�Î ÌÈ˙˘ ‡ÓÏÈ„

?el` miyrna epcnll evx l"fg dn ?mheytk miyxtzn el` mdiyrn m`d

zeevn zxcbda l"vf wew axd xìay ,`ltp weic epnn cnlpe df dyrna winrp

.l`xyi ux` aeyi

ozipy d`xpe ,in` 'xc dyrnl zekinqa i`pi 'xc dyrn àed mpigl `l

miyrnd ipy oia zeeydle df lr dfn cenll1,in` iaxc dyrn z` xxap ok lr .

.i`pi iaxc dyrn xxazi jk jezne

cg` mc`y ipeibd df oi`y meyn j` ,dxez ixtq ze`n rax` azk in` 'x

i"yxa xèany itk , dxez ixtq daxd jk lk aezki(`nlic d"c)2:˙Â‡Ó Ú·¯‡"

.1d`n rax` rhpc i`pi 'xc jci` dcda opiziincn eze" (tw 'iq `"r ci sc a"a) d"nx ci

ixtq iab `pepnd axcl `zi` mxk iab `xif iaxl `zi`c ikid ikc xn`w `wecc n"y inxk

."dxez

.2.d ze` g"ad zedbd t"r


12

."È‡‰ ÈÏÂÎ ·Â˙ÎÏ „Á‡ Ì„‡Ï È‡�Ù ÔÈ‡„ ·˙Î ‡Ï ˙Â¯Â˙ È¯ÙÒdyrn z` 'nbd dcinrn

xg` oteà in` 'xc"·˙Î ‰˘Ó Â�Ï ‰Âˆ ‰¯Â˙ ‡ÓÏÈ„":miyext xtqn jkl epzp ,

'qezd(`nlic d"c):azk

‰ÎÂÒ„ '‚ 'Ù· ¯Ó‡„Î ‰¯Â˙ ÈÂ¯˜ ˜ÂÒÙ Â˙Â‡„(`"r an sc)¯·„Ï Ú„ÂÈ‰ ÔË˜

‰˘Ó Â�Ï ‰ÂÂÈˆ ‰¯Â˙ ‰¯Â˙ È‡Ó ‰¯Â˙ Â„ÓÏÓ ÂÈ·‡

,dyn epl deeiv dxez weqtd z` minrt ze`n rax` azk in` 'x 'qezd zhiyl

mey azkp `l dyrnl j` , dxez ixtq minrt ze`n rax` azk eli`k xacd aygpe

`"yxdn yexitn rnyn oke .mly dxez xtqx d"c zecb` iyecig)(`ped a:

‰¯Â˙ È¯ÙÒ ˙Â‡Ó Ú·¯‡ ·˙Î˘ Ì˙ÚÓ˘˘ ‰Ó ‡ÓÏ„Â˙Â˜Â�È˙Ï Â�È‰‰¯Â˙

...‰˘Ó Â�Ï ‰ÂÂÈˆ

ybin i"xd(`nlic d"c `"r c"i a"a zvaewnd dhiya àed)'qezd yexitk yxit k"b

:i`pi 'c dyrn lr s` oeirx eze` jilyde

‰‡Ó Ú·¯‡ ‰ÏÂÎ ‰¯Â˙ ¯ÙÒ ·Â˙ÎÈ˘ Ì„‡ Ï˘ ÂÈ˙Â�˘ ÏÏÎ· ÔÈ‡ ¯ÓÂÏÎ

,È�ÓÈÊ·˙Î˘ ‡Â‰ ‰Ê ˜ÂÒÙ ‡Ï‡‡Â‰ ‰ÏÂÎ ‰¯Â˙‰ ÏÎ ÏÚ ‰Ê ˜ÂÒÙ˘ ÈÙÏ

¯ÂÓ‡·˙Î ‰ÏÂÎ ‰¯Â˙‰ ÏÎ ÂÏ‡Î Â·˙ÂÎ‰ ‡ˆÓ�È·¯Ï ‰ÈÏ Ô�È¯Ó‡ ÈÓ� ÔÎÂ .

‡ÓÏÈ„ Â‰Ï ¯Ó‡ ÈÓ¯Î ‰‡Ó Ú·¯‡ È·¯ ÚË� ‡¯ÈÊ˙Á‡Â ÌÈ�˘ „‚�Î ÌÈ˙˘

‰Ê ÔÂ‚Î Ì‰È�È·Ó ˙‡ˆÂÈ¯ÓÂÏÎ .Ì¯ÎÂ Ì¯Î ÏÎ· ÚË�˘ ‡Â‰ „·Ï· ÂÏ‡Ó˘

ÌÈ˙˘ „‚�Î ÌÈ˙˘ ÚËÂ�‰ Ì¯Î‰ ˙Á¯˜,Ì¯Î ‡¯˜� ‰Ê ¯ÂÚÈ˘˘ Â�ÈˆÓ˘ ÈÙÏ

Â"ÎÂÔÚËÂ�Ï Ì„‡ Ï˘ ÂÈ˙Â�˘ ÏÎ· ÔÈ‡ ˘ÓÓ ÈÓ¯Î ‰‡Ó Ú·¯‡ Ï·‡.

mxk xeriy minrt ze`n rax` rhp i`pi 'x epiidc˙Á‡Â ÌÈÓ˘ „‚�Î ÌÈ˙˘"

"·�Ê ˙‡ˆÂÈeice miptb ilizy mitl` oeaygd itl erhip d"qe ,cala3.

y"`x 'qezd(`nlic d"c `"r ci a"a zvaewn dhiya àed)in` 'xc dyrn z` cinrd

:xg` oteà

˘Â¯ÈÙ‰¯Â˙ È¯ÙÒ ‰‡Ó Ú·¯‡ ÌÈ¯ÙÂÒ ÂÏ Â·˙Î¯ÙÂÒÏ ‰ÂÂÈˆÂÚÈ‚È˘Î

Â�·˙ÎÈÂ Â�ÚÈ„ÂÈ˘ ‰Ê ˜ÂÒÙÏ‡Ó˜ ˜¯Ù· ‡˙È‡„Î ‰¯Â˙ ‡¯˜� ˜ÂÒÙ‰ ‰ÊÂ ,

.‰˘Ó Â�Ï ‰ÂÂˆ ‰¯Â˙ Â„ÓÏÓ ÂÈ·‡ ¯·„Ï Ú„ÂÈ‰ ‰ÎÂÒ„

.3.i`pi 'x rhp d"c `"r ci sc `"t `xza àa rciedi oa oiir


13

`l` ,ynn minly dxez ixtq ze`n rax` azk ok` in` 'x ,y"`x 'qezd zhiyl

weqtd z` milyd wx ède ,el eazk mixteq daxd `l` ,mazk envra èd `ly

,dlek daizkd lk z` zqgiin ,in` 'x ly ezdbde eznlyde .dyn epl deev dxez

.dxezd ixtq ze`n rax` lk z` envra azk èd eli`k

c"a`xd(`nlic d"c `"r c"i a"a zvaewnd dhiya àed)'qezd yexitk yxit k"b

:i`pi 'c dyrn lr s` oeirx eze` jilyde y"`x

‰ÏÚ Ô�È¯Ó‡Â ‡˙ÈÈ¯Â‡„ È¯ÙÒ ‰‡Ó Ú·¯‡ ‡¯ÈÊ È·¯ ·˙Î Ô�È¯Ó‡„ ‡‰Â

·˙Î Â�Ï ‰ÂÂˆ ‰¯Â˙ ‡ÓÏÈ„ÂÂ‰·‰¯Â˙ ¯ÙÒ Á˜ÂÏ‰ ˙ÂÁ�Ó· ÔÈ¯Ó‡„ ÌÂ˘Ó .

,È�ÈÒ ¯‰Ó ‰Ï·˜ ÂÏ‡Î ‰·˙Î ,˜Â˘‰ ÔÓ ‰ÂˆÓ ÛËÂÁÎ„Á‡ ˜ÂÒÙ ‰· ·˙Î

‰·˙Î ÂÏ‡Î ÂÈÏÚ ÌÈÏÚÓ ˙Á‡ ˙Â‡ ‰· ‰È‚‰˘ Â‡È‡�È È·¯„ ‡‰ ÔÎÂ .

ÌÈ˙˘ „‚�Î ÌÈ˙˘ ÚË�„·�Ê ‰‡ˆÂÈ ˙Á‡ÂÈÓ¯Î ‰‡Ó Ú·¯‡··Â˘È ÌÂ˘Ó

ÌÈÏÚÓÂ „·Ú„ ‡Â‰ Ï‡¯˘È ı¯‡‰ÏÂÎ ‰ÚË� ÂÏ‡Î ÂÈÏÚ4.

cg` lka rhp envray `l` ,milecb minxk ze`n rax` rhp ok` i`pi 'x epiidc

mxk xeriy."·�Ê ˙‡ˆÂÈ ˙Á‡Â ÌÈÓ˘ „‚�Î ÌÈ˙˘"mxk lka ef mxk xeriy zrihp

ze`n rax` lk z` rhp el`ke ,drhp èd eli`k elek mxkd lk z` zqgiin ,mxke

mzenlya mlek minxkd5.

wew axd(465-467 'nr a di`xd ixn`n)6,i`pi 'xc dyrne in` 'xc dyrnl qgiizd

rhp i`pi 'xe minly dxez ixtq azk in` 'xy ,c"a`xde y"`x 'qezd zhiy t"r

xtq zaizk :zevnd izyl cegii yiy ,wiic miyrnd zekinq jezne .milecb minxk

.ux`d aeyii zeevne dxez

,d`vezd èd oda xwirdy zeevn yi :mibeq ipyl zewlgzn mllka zeevnd

gily i"r mb zeyridl dleki okle ,envr yi`d ici lr `weec `le dyriz dlertdy

.4,azk ,n"ya eìad c"a`xde" c"a`xd ixac xìa (`nlic d"c `"r ci a"a) xteq m"zgd

mixteq i"r azkyynn z"q ze`n 'cyxit oke .y"iir xtqe xtq lka df weqt azk ède

i`pi 'xcainxk 'z rhpjè ,i"` aeyi meyncg` lka rhp envra èdzgè 'a cbp 'a

."apf `vei

.5.(`"r ci a"a) `"ahixe o"xd iyecigae `"ayx ,(tw 'iq `"r ci sc a"a) dnx cia rnyn oke

zpadk xìa in` 'x dyrn zè ybin i"xd zpadk xìa i`pi 'xc dyrn z`y ixi`na oire

.r"ve c"a`xd

.6.(hk ze` `"r ci `xza àa) ièx aeh ,(dw 'nr dkepg) d"i`xd zerenya oke


14

)zeizlert zeevn(`vtg zaeg ±,deevnd miiwn ly dlertd èd xwirdy zeevn yie .

gily i"r zeyridl dleki `le mnvra dzeyrl zaiigny)zei`nvr zeevn(`xab zaeg ±.

zeevne dxez xtq zaizk el` zeevn izyay ,micnel ep` i`pi 'xe in` 'xc dyrnn j`

.cgi miccvd ipy miniiw ,ux`d aeyii

ÂÏ‡ ˙ÂÂˆÓ È˙˘ ÈÎ ÌÈ¯ÎÊ�‰ Ï"ÊÁ È¯·„Ó ÁÎÂÓ ‡Ï‰ „Á‡ „ˆÓ¯˘Ù‡

ÁÈÏ˘ È„È ÏÚ Ì‚ Ô˙Â˘ÚÏ"‰˘Ó Â�Ï ‰Âˆ ‰¯Â˙" ˜ÂÒÙ‰ ÈÎ ,zenly oiicr eppi`

dxezd lkmb .zeiyxt zeiyxt dze` oiazek oiè ,da aizk dninz 'd zxez `lde ,

mizy cbpk mizy ly drihpdmxk ly zenly oiicr dppi``xnba exn`y enke ,

dheqc(a"rq b"n):y"r mirxfd z` ycwl mxk z`xwp dppi` ef oirk drihp ikmè

"dyn epl dev dxez" `nlic :mixne` epòk enke ,mixg` eazk x`yd zè ,azk

ik xexa ixd ,mixg` erhp x`yd zè ,mizy cbpk mizy `nlic :mxk zrihpl rbepa

.gily ici lr mb zeyrl mileki dzenlya devnd

ÂÏ‡ ˙ÂÂˆÓ È˙˘· ÈÎ Ô‡ÎÓ ‰¯ÂÓ‚ ‰ÁÎÂ‰ ‰�˘È È�˘ „ˆÓ ÌÏÂ‡ÂÌ‚ Â�˘È

,ÌÓˆÚ· Ô˙Â˘ÚÏ Ô‰È˘ÂÚ ˙‡ ˙Â·ÈÁÓ Ô‰Â ,ÈÓˆÚ È·ÂÈÁ „ˆÈÎ‰ ÌÂ˘ÓÂ

‡ÓÏÈ„ :¯ÓÂÏ ‡¯Ó‚· Â˜Á„�,"‰˘Ó Â�Ï ‰Âˆ ‰¯Â˙"ixtq d`n rax`y exn` `le

ewgcp ok enke .n"zq ixteq dnke dnk ici lr .gily ici lr in` iax mazk el` dxez

iax rhp el` inxk d`n rax` ik xnel edl `gip `le mizy cbpk mizy `nlic :xnel

,mixg` milrete minxek ici lr i`pidxez xtq zaizk el`d zeevna znàc meyn

xyt`y dnk cr oze` zeyrl l`xyin mc` lk lr zlhen daegd l`xyi ux` oipae

gily ici lr `le ,envr ici lre eteba...

eli` zeevn izya yiy xàl wew axd siqen df weic jeznzg` :zeyecw izy

zinipt zgè zipevg.- devnd ly yeald,oirl zi`xpd d`vezddevnd ly ytpde

-.deevnd dyer lr dritynd ziyi`d zelczydd

Ô˙Â˘ÚÏ ¯˘Ù‡ „Á‡ „ˆÓ˘ ı¯‡‰ ˙„Â·ÚÂ ‰¯Â˙ ¯ÙÒ ˙·È˙Î· ÌÈ‡Â¯ Â�‡

¯ÚˆÓÏ˘Â ÂÁÂÏ˘·Ó ¯˙ÂÈ Â· ‰ÂˆÓ :ÌÈ¯ÓÂ‡ Â�‡ È�˘ „ˆÓÂ ÁÈÏ˘ È„È ÏÚ

ÔÓÈÒ ‰Ê È¯‰ ,¯Á‡ ‡ÏÂ ‡Â‰ ,ÂÓˆÚ· ˙Â˘ÚÏ Ï‡¯˘ÈÓ Ì„‡ ÍÈ¯ˆ Ô‰Ó ˜ÏÁ

˙ÈÓÈ�Ù ˙Á‡Â ˙È�ÂˆÁ ˙Á‡ :˙Â˘Â„˜ È˙˘ ÂÏ‡ ˙ÂÂˆÓ· Ô�˘È ÈÎ,˘Â·Ï‰

‰ÂˆÓ‰ Ï˘ ˘Ù�‰Â ‰ÂˆÓ‰ Ï˘.

¯„‚· ‡È‰ ‰¯Â˙ ¯ÙÒ ÂÏ ·Â˙ÎÏ Ï‡¯˘ÈÓ ˘È‡Â ˘È‡ ÏÎ ÏÚ ˙ÏËÂÓ‰ ‰ÂˆÓ‰

Ï˘˙È˙ÏÂÚÙ ‰ÂˆÓÂ·¯˙È˘ È„Î ,‰·È˙Î‰ ˙ÏÂÚÙ ‡È‰ ˙È¯˜Ú‰ ‰·ÂÁ‰Â .

ÂÈ�ÙÏ ‰ÁÂ˙ÙÂ ‰·Â˙Î ‰¯Â˙ ‰È‰˙ „ÂÓÏÏ ‰ˆÂ¯‰ ÏÎÂ ÌÏÂÚ· ‰¯Â˙ È¯ÙÒ


15

,„ÂÓÏÈÂ ‡Â·ÈÂÂÓˆÚ È„È ÏÚ ‰˘Ú˙ ‰·È˙Î‰ ˙ÏÂÚÙ Ì‡ ˘¯Ù‰ ÏÎ ÔÈ‡Â

ÂÏÈ·˘· Â·˙ÎÈ˘ ÌÈ¯Á‡Ï ‰ÂˆÈ˘ Â‡˙¯·Ò‰ ÈÙÏ ,ÈÓ‡ È·¯˘ ÔÂÈÎÓ ÌÏÂ‡ .

˜ÂÒÙ‰ ˙‡ ÂÓˆÚ· ·˙Î ,‡¯Ó‚‰,"‰˘Ó Â�Ï ‰Âˆ ‰¯Â˙"ixnbl jenql dvx `le

mb dxez xtq zaizk ly ef devna yi ik ze`d edf ixd ,gilyd lrzcgein zeinipt

xeqnl `le envra dpnn wlg xrvnl zeyrl l`xyin cgè cg` lk z` zaiignd

.gilyl daizkd zlert lk z`

‡È‰ ‰˙ÂÈÓˆÚ ÌˆÚ „ˆÓ ,Ï‡¯˘È ı¯‡ ·Â˘È ˙ÂˆÓ ÔÎ ÂÓÎ˙È˙ÏÂÚÙ ‰ÂˆÓ,

‰�·˙ ı¯‡‰˘ ˙Â˘ÚÏÂ ÏÂÚÙÏ ‰·ÂÁ‰ ˙ÏËÂÓ Ï‡¯˘ÈÓ „Á‡ ÏÎ ÏÚÂ

,·˘ÈÈ˙˙ÂÈ„È ÏÚ ‰˘Ú˙ ·Â˘È Ï˘Â ÔÈ�· Ï˘ ÂÊ ‰ÏÂÚÙ Ì‡ ˘¯Ù‰ ÔÈ‡Â

ÂÁÈÏ˘ È„ÈÏÚ Â‡ ÂÓˆÚ· ‰ÂˆÓ‰ ‰˘ÂÚÈÙÏ ,È‡�È È·¯˘ È¯Á‡ ÌÏÂ‡Â .

„‚�Î ÌÈ˙˘ Ï˘ ÁË˘ ¯ÚˆÓÏ ÂÓˆÚ· ÚÂË�Ï Ï„˙˘‰ ,‡¯Ó‚‰ ˙¯·Ò‰

‰· ˘È ÂÊ ‰ÂˆÓ ÈÎ ÁÈÎÂÓ ‰Ê È¯‰ ,ÌÈ˙˘,˙È˘Ù� ,˙ÈÓˆÚ ‰ÂˆÓ ÔÈÚÓ Ì‚

È„È ÏÚ ˜¯ ‰·ÂÁ È„È ˙‡ˆÏ ÈÏ·Ï Ï‡¯˘ÈÓ ˘Ù� ÏÎ ˙·ÈÈÁÓ‰ ,˙ÈÓÈ�Ù

.ÌÈ¯Á‡ È„È ÏÚ ‡ÏÂ ÂÓˆÚ· ¯˘Ù‡˘ ‰ÓÎ „Ú ‰˙Â˘ÚÏ Ì‡ ÈÎ ÁÈÏ˘

yi ,eli` zeevn izyaipevig jxr-deevnd yeald`vezdeidiy,ueg itlk zi`xpd

zayein didze `lnzz ux`dy ok enk ,l`xyia dxez daxzze dxez ixtq daxd

yi oke .dlekinipt jxr-deevnd ytpmc` lky ,deevnd ziiyra lczynl dxeywd ,

zaizka ynn szey èdy jka `hazn dfe ,dxezl ziytp xeyw zeidl aiig l`xyin

dfe ,l`xyi ux` aeyiil ziytp xeyw zeidl aiig l`xyin mc` lk oke .dxez xtq

.elek mxkdn wlg envra rhepe ayiine szey èdy jka `hazn

åàåàåàåà äååöîääååöîääååöîääååöîä øåãéäøåãéäøåãéäøåãéä ---- ìàøùéìàøùéìàøùéìàøùé õøàõøàõøàõøà áåùééáåùééáåùééáåùéé úáçøäúáçøäúáçøäúáçøä

äååöîääååöîääååöîääååöîä úîìùäúîìùäúîìùäúîìùä

zxcbda ,ef 'nbn raepd sqep ceqi wew axd ixacn xàzn ,xn`nd jynda

zelihnd ce`n zeagxe zellek mdy ,el` zeevn zxcbd .el` zevn izylk lr

l`xyin cg`,lk aeyi lr zeixgè l`xyi mr lk ly dxezd cenil lr zeixg`

l`xyi ux`.

ÔÈ�· Â‡ ‰¯Â˙ ¯ÙÒ ˙·È˙ÎÎ ,ÂÊ ÔÈÚÎ ‰ÂˆÓ Ï˘ ˙„ÁÂÈÓ‰ ‰�ÈÁ·‰ È‰ÂÊ

‡È‰˘ Û‡ ÈÎ ,Ï‡¯˘È ı¯‡˙È˙ÏÂÚÙ ‰ÂˆÓ‰˙Â˘ÚÏ ‰È‰È ¯˘Ù‡˘ È„Î

,ÁÈÏ˘ È„È ÏÚ‰ÂˆÓ‰ ˙·ÂÁ ˙‡ ÏÈË‰Ï ¯Á‡ ÔÙÂ‡· ¯˘Ù‡ È‡˘ ÔÂÈÎÓ

Ï‡¯˘ÈÓ „Á‡ ÏÎ ÏÚ ‰˙ÂÓÏ˘ ÏÎ·Ì‚ Ô‰Ó ˙Á‡ ÏÎ· ˘È ˙‡Ê ÏÎ· ,


16

ÌÂ˘Ó˙ÈÓˆÚ ‰ÂˆÓÔÙÂ‡·˙Â˘ÚÏ ÂÓˆÚ· ·ÈÂÁÓ Ï‡¯˘ÈÓ „Á‡ ÏÎ˘

‡È‰˘ ‰ÏÂÚÙ ÂÊÈ‡.ÂÓˆÚ È„È ÏÚ ‰ÓÈÈ˜Ï È„Î

‰ÂˆÓ‰ ‰˘ÂÚ È„È ÏÚ ˙È˘Ú�‰ ÂÊ ‰ÈÈ˘Ú ˙·ÂÁ ˜ÏÁ˘ ‡Ï‡ „ÂÚ ‡ÏÂ

‰ÂˆÓÏ ˙È˙ÏÂÚÙ ‰ÂˆÓÓ ‰ÂˆÓ‰ ÏÎ ˙‡ ‰ÏÚÓ ,ÂÙÂ‚ÎÂ ÂÓˆÚ·

.˙ÈÓˆÚ

dxezd cenil zexyt`l be`cl jixv cg` lky ,dpiipr dxez xtq zaizk zevn

lyl`xyi lk`l` dniiwl zexyt` oi` ,envra cal ok zeyrl leki epiè liède ,

be`cl jixv cg` lky ,dpiipr l`xyi ux` aeyi zeevn ok enk .zegily i"r mb

z` ayiill`xyi ux` lkzexyt` oi` ,envra cal ok zeyrl leki epiè liède ,

zeevn miiwn `l ,cala gily iepine db`c i"r j` .zegily i"r mb `l` dniiwl

deev dxez azek .eteba envra dyrn zeyrl cg` lk lr lhen n"n `l` ,eli`

dyry invrd dyrn i"r wxe .apf z`vei zgè mizy cbpk mizy rhep e` dyn epl

dlek diiyrd lk zqgiizn ,etebamly dxez xtq azekk aygpe ,eil` dnlyd

.dzenlya l`xyi ux` aeyii zeevn miiwne

ly dxezd cenild lr zeixg` cg` lk lr zniiw ,eli` zeevn zxcbdae lièd

sqep dxez xtq azeky mc` ixd .l`xyi ux` lk aeyii lr zeixg` oke l`xyi lk

èd dzre ,eli` zeevn miiw xaky mc`k aygp epi` ,eaeyii mewn z` aigxn e`

milyn èd ,ux`d aeyiia dagxd lke dxez xtq ztqez lk `l` .mda xcdn wx

.dzenlya dniiwl dkf `l oiicry dpey`xd deevnd z`

zaizka szey did okle ,dzenlya dxez xtq zaizk zeevn meiwl s`y in` 'x

,dzenlya l`xyi ux` aeyii zeevn meiwl s`y i`pi 'x .dxez ixtq ze`n rax`

.l`xyi uxà minxk ze`n rax` zrihpa szey did okl

lk lr zlhend deevn dpid :l`xyi ux` aeyii zeevn zxcbd micnl ep`vnp

epribd `ly lke .l`xyi ux` lk z` ayiil cg` lk lr zlhene ,l`xyin cg`

.zenlya ef deevn meiwl dkf `l epzi`n cgè cg` lk oiicr ,df avnl


17

oiihyt` awri axd

äìøòîäìøòîäìøòîäìøòî éåâéåâéåâéåâ úàðäúàðäúàðäúàðä

äìàùäìàùäìàùäìàù

z` lehil mixzen dlxr iptbn xqea zeleky` mixiqnd mixkp milret m`d

mdy oeik mzlihp z` mdilr xeq`l jixvy e` ,mzlik` myl dlxrd zeleky`

?dlxr

úåøéôäúåøéôäúåøéôäúåøéôä úàúàúàúà óåøùìóåøùìóåøùìóåøùì êéøöêéøöêéøöêéøö íàäíàäíàäíàä .à.à.à.à

dlxr zkqna xn`p(f"n `"t):ÌÈ¯˙ÂÓ ¯„ÓÒÂ ÌÈ�Ù‚ ÈÓÂ ÌÈ·ÏÂÏ‰Â ÌÈÏÚ‰"

."‰Ï¯Ú·:jyndaeÚ˘Â‰È '¯ ¯Ó‡ ¯ÂÒ‡ ‰Ï¯Ú‰ Û¯˘· „ÈÓÚÓ‰ ¯ÓÂ‡ ¯ÊÚÈÏ‡ È·¯"

¯ÂÒ‡ ÌÈ‚Ù‰ Û¯˘· ¯˙ÂÓ ÌÈ¯˜ÈÚ‰ Û¯˘· ÌÈÏÚ‰ Û¯˘· „ÈÓÚÓ‰˘ ˘Â¯ÈÙ· È˙ÚÓ˘

."È¯Ù Ì‰˘ È�ÙÓ:m"anxl n"dtae" ‡Â‰ ,¯„ÓÒÂ",È¯Ù‰ ‰È‰È Â�ÓÓ ¯˘‡ "Á‡˜ÙÏ‡

Â˙Ï¯Ú Ì˙Ï¯ÚÂ '‰ ¯Ó‡ .¯ÂÒ‡ ‡Â‰˘ ˜ÏÂÁ ÔÈ‡ ¯ÒÂ· ‡¯˜�‰ ‡Â‰Â "Ì¯ˆÁ"‰ Ï·‡˙‡

ÂÈ¯Ù‡¯ÙÒ· Â¯Ó‡Â .ÂÈ¯Ù."¯„ÓÒ‰Â ÌÈ�Ù‚ ÈÓÂ ÌÈ·ÏÂÏÏÂ ÌÈÏÚÏ Ë¯Ùi"xbd xàe

gt`w(my dlxr)gxtd epiid mipvip md xcnqy1n"dtae .xirf ixtl ezegztzd ialya

oivwerl(e"n b"t):m"anxd yxt.„‡Ó ÌÈˆÂÙÚ Ô‰˘ ÔÓÊ· '‚Ù' Ô„ÂÚ· ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ ÌÈ‚Ù‰"

."ÔÏÂ˘· ¯Ó‚ È�ÙÏÂ „‡Ó ÌÈ‚Ù Ì˙ÂÈ‰ ¯Á‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ ·ˆÓ ‡Â‰Â "Ì¯ˆÁÏ‡" ¯ÒÂ·Â

.1.ixtl (xcnqd gzit=) gxtd zegztzd meyix 72 'nr 'mdipinl ixt ivr' qwilt i"x 'ir


18

,xzeie n"n rax`k mithwpd zelekyà apir lk lceb m`y èti` d`xp

.dlxr meyn d`pda mixeq` zeleky`dmixkpdy miaprd z` epwca zigkepd dl`ya)

(mlceb did dfe mixiqn.

dxenz zkqna dpyna(d"n f"t):xn`p

Ì¯Î‰ È‡ÏÎÂ ‰Ï¯Ú‰Â ‰‡ÓË ‰ÓÂ¯˙Â ,Û¯˘È ÁÒÙ· ıÓÁ ÌÈÙ¯˘�‰ Ô‰ ÂÏ‡Â

.¯·˜È ¯·˜ÈÏ ÂÎ¯„˘ ˙‡Â Û¯˘È Û¯˘ÈÏ ÂÎ¯„˘ ˙‡ –

:dàd dpynae

‰ˆ¯ Ì‡ :¯ÓÂ‡ ‰„Â‰È È·¯ ,ÂÙ¯˘È ‡Ï ÌÈ¯·˜�‰ ÏÎÂ Â¯·˜È ‡Ï ÔÈÙ¯˘�‰ ÏÎ

.˙Â�˘Ï ¯˙ÂÓ Â�È‡ ÂÏ Â¯Ó‡ È‡˘¯ ÌÈ¯·˜�‰ ˙‡ ÛÂ¯˘Ï ÂÓˆÚ ÏÚ ¯ÈÓÁ‰Ï

˙ÂÙÒÂ˙·Â(a"r bl dxenz):

„˜Â˙ ÔÙ ‰‡ÏÓ‰ ˘„˜˙ ÔÙ È·È˙Î ‡‰„ Ì¯Î‰ È‡ÏÎ· ‡ÓÏ˘· ÔÂÈÚ ÍÈ¯ˆ

˘˜˙È‡„ ÌÂ˘Ó È"˘¯ 'ÈÙÂ ?‰Ù¯˘· È‡Ó ‡ÓÚË ÔÂÈÚ ÍÈ¯ˆ ‰Ï¯Ú ‡Ï‡ ,˘‡

.Ì¯Î‰ È‡ÏÎÏ

zexeq` zelk`n zeklda m"anxd oke(f"kd f"ht):wqt

È�ÙÓ Â¯·˜È Ô‰Ï˘ ÔÈ˜˘Ó‰Â ,ÂÙ¯˘È˘ Ô‰Ï˘ ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ ÔÈ„ Ì¯Î‰ È‡ÏÎÂ ‰Ï¯Ú‰

.ÔÈ˜˘Ó‰ ÛÂ¯˘Ï ¯˘Ù‡ È‡˘

.dtixy zaiig dlxr recn i"yx ixac eìad n"qkde f"acxde

.miiebl mpzil xeqè mtxeyl aiigy dlxr zexit oic ,dxe`kl f"itl

xteq mzg z"eya mle`(etx 'iq drc dxei ,a"g):xird

,‰Ï¯Ú ÛÂ¯˘Ï Ì„‡ ·ÈÈÂÁÓ˘ Ò"˘· È˙‡ˆÓ ‡Ï„ ‡"Ó· È˙·˙Î ‰�‰Â

ÏÏÎ ÂÓÂ˜Ó· ‰ÈÏ È˙ÈÈÓ ‡Ï ÈÓ� Ì"·Ó¯Â2Í¯„ ÌÈ˘„˜ÂÓ ÈÏÂÒÙ 'Ï‰· ‡Ï‡

Ï"� ‰ÊÓ ¯˘‡ ,·‚‡‡Ï‡ ÌÏÂÚ‰ ÔÓ ‰Ï¯Ú ¯Ú·Ï ‰ÂËˆ� ‡Ï ÌÏÂÚÓ

Ô¯Ù‡ ¯È˙‰Ï ‰ÙÈ¯˘· ‰ÈÏ È‚ÒÂ ‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡˘‡Ï„ ·ÏÁ· ¯˘· È˜ÂÙ‡Ï ,

,ÈÎ‰· È‚ÒÂÙ¯Â˘Ï ¯„‰Ï ‰ÂˆÓ ‰È‰È˘ Ï·‡È˙È‡¯ ‡Ï ÔÎÂ È˙‡ˆÓ ‡Ï

Ò"˘ ¯Ó‡˜ ÌÈ‡ÏÎ· ˙Ó‡ Ô‰ .Â·˜¯ÈÂ ÌÂÁÈ�‰ ˜¯ ÌÈÙ¯Â˘˘ È˙Â·¯Ó ÌÏÂÚÓ

Ï˘ ÂÏÂ„È‚ ÏÚ È‡˜ Ì˙‰ Í‡ ‰ÏÙ˙ ÈËÂÚÓÏ Ê"Ú 'ÒÓ· Ï‡ÚÓ˘È '¯ Ù"¯ƒ¿

ÔÈ‡ ·Â˘ ÂÏÂ„‚ ÌÂ˜ÓÓ ¯˜Ú� Ì‡ Ï·‡ ,·ÂÚÈ˙‰ ‰˘ÚÓ ÏË·ÏÂ ËÚÓÏ ÌÈ‡ÏÎ

.2.zexeq` zelk`n 'lda z`f ìad m"anxd ixd r"vw


19

„˜Â˙˘ ÍÏ ÌÂ¯‚˙ ÔÙ ÌÈ‡ÏÎ ÍÓ¯Î Ú¯Ê˙ ‡Ï :¯Ó‡ ‡¯˜Â ,Â¯ÂÚÈ·· ‰ÂˆÓ

‰‡�‰ ¯ÂÒ‡ ÌÂ¯‚˙ Ù"ÎÚ Ô¯Ù‡Ó ‰‡�‰ ¯ÂÒÈ‡ ÌÂ¯‚˙ ‡Ï˘ È‰� 'ÈÙ ,˘‡

˘ÂÙÁÏ ¯„‰Ï ÌÈÎÈ¯ˆ ÌÈÏÚ·‰ ÔÈ‡ ‡ˆÓ� ‰ÙÈ¯˘· ‰ÂˆÓ ÔÈ‡ Ï·‡ ,ÔÙÂ‚Ó

¯ÂÒÈ‡ Ì‰Ï ‡‰È Ì„ÈÏ ‡·� Ì‡Â Ì‰ ‰È‡ ÌÈ˘ÂÏ˜Â ÌÈ˜„ ˙Â¯ÈÙ Ô˙Â‡ ¯Á‡

Ì�È‡˘ ËÂ˘Ù ÌÈÏÚ·Ï ˙ÂÚÓ Â‰Ï È˙ÈÈÓÂ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ¯ÎÂÓ Ô�‚‰ Ì‡Â ,‰‡�‰

È�‰Ó Ô‰· ‰È‰ ‡Ó˘ Ô¯ÎÓÂ ÈÂ‚‰ ¯·Ú˘ ¯Á‡Ï ‰Ï¯Ú ÈÙÈÏÁ· ˘ÂÁÏ ÌÈÎÈ¯ˆ

Ï"�‰ Ï"� ÌÂ˜Ó ÏÎÓ ,Ô˙Â˜„· Ì‰ ÌÈ¯ÎÈ� È¯‰„ ·Â¯· ÈÏÈË· ‡Ï„ ‚"Ú‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ

‰˘ÚÈ ÂÈ�ÈÚ· ‰‡¯È ¯˘‡ ¯·„‰ ÏÚ Â�ÂÈÚ ÌÈ˘È Ó"¯Ù ˜¯ ,‰˘ÚÓÏ ¯ÓÂ‡ È��È‡Â

.˙Ó‡ ÂÈÙ· '‰ ¯·„Â ÔÈ„È ÔÈ„È ‰¯ÂÈ ‰¯ÂÈ

dkeqa `"ahixd ixacn miriizqn eixace(`"r dl):

¯ÈÚ Ï˘Â ‰¯˘‡ Ï˘ Â�ÈÈ‰„ ‰È˘Ù� ÈÙ�‡· „Á ÏÎ ÔÈ˙È�˙Ó· ‰Ï È�˙ ÈÎ‰ ÌÂ˘ÓÂ"

,‰ÙÈ¯˘· ·ÈÈÁ ˙Á„�‰‰ÙÈ¯˘ ·ÂÈÁ· Â�È‡ ‰Ï¯Ú Ï˘Â„ÓÂÚ Ï·‡˙Â�‰ÈÏ ‡"‡Â ÍÎÏ

."Â˙ÙÈ¯˘·wgvi zgpn z"eya siqede(`p 'iq i"g)dkeq lr xpl jexra xà oky(my)

:azky‰ÙÈ¯˘· Â�È„˘ Û‡˘ ‰Ï¯Ú Ï·‡"(a"r bl dxenz)‡Ï ‰Ê· ÂÙ¯Â˘Ï ‰ÂˆÓ ÔÈ‡ Ó"Ó

."‡¯ÂÚÈ˘ ˙˙ÎÈÓ È˙Â˙Î Ô�È¯Ó‡

ogleyd jexra azk q"zgd ixacke(b"q cvx 'iq c"ei):

‚Ï ‰¯ÂÓ˙] ÔÈ¯·˜�‰Â ÔÈÙ¯˘�‰Ó ‡Â‰Â ‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡ ‰Ï¯Ú„ ¯‡·˙� ¯·Î

‰ÙÈ¯˘· ÔÈÏÎÂ‡ Â�ÈÈ‰Â ¯·˜È ¯·˜ÈÏ ÂÎ¯„˘ ˙‡ Û¯˘È Û¯˘ÈÏ ÂÎ¯„˘ ˙‡ [·"Ú

˘‡ „˜Â˙ Ô�È˘¯„Â ˘„˜˙ ÔÙ ‰· ·È˙Î„ Ì¯Î‰ È‡ÏÎ ÔÎÂ ‰¯Â·˜· ÔÈ˜˘ÓÂ

[Ì¯Î‰ È‡ÏÎ ‰"„ Ì˘ È"˘¯] Ì¯Î‰ È‡ÏÎÓ Ô�ÈÙÏÈ ‰Ï¯ÚÂÔÈ‡„ ÈÏ ‰‡¯ÈÂ

ÔÓ ·ÂÈÁ Â�ÈˆÓ ‡Ï„ ‰Ï¯Ú‰ ˙‡ ¯Â·˜ÏÂ ÛÂ¯˘Ï ·ÈÈÂÁÓ ‡Â‰˘ ‰�ÂÂÎ‰

‰‡�‰ È¯ÂÒÈ‡ „·‡Ï ‰¯Â˙‰‡Ï‡ ,ÁÒÙ· ıÓÁÂ ÌÈ·ÎÂÎ ˙„Â·ÚÓ ıÂÁ

Û¯˘È Ì„‡ È�· Ì‰· ÂÏ˘ÎÈ ‡Ï˘ È„Î ÌÏÂÚ‰ ÔÓ Ì¯Ú·Ï Â�Âˆ¯ Ì‡˘ ‰�ÂÂÎ‰

[Â"Ù¯ Ò"Ò· Ò"Á‰ Î"ÎÂ] ¯Â·˜Ï ÂÎ¯„˘ ˙‡ ¯Â·˜ÈÂ Û¯˘ÈÏ ÂÎ¯„˘ ˙‡‡Ï‡

Ô˜¯ÂÊÂ Ô‰È˙Â¯ÈÙ ˘ÏÂ˙„Ú ÔÈ˙Ó‰Ï ·ÈÈÂÁÓ˘ ¯ÓÂÏ ÌÈÚÂË ˘È˘ È˙ÚÓ˘Â .

Ì˘ÏÂ˙Ï È‡˘¯„ ‡Â‰ ˙ÂÚËÂ Ì„·‡ÏÂ Ì˘Ï˙È Î"Á‡Â ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ ÂÏË·˙È˘

˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ Í¯„ Â‰ÊÂ ÌÈ�˘ '‚ ÍÂ˙· ÏÏÎ ÂÏ„‚ ‡Ï È‡ ÂÏÈÙ‡ ‡‰„ ¯ÒÂ· Ì„ÂÚ·

.ÌÈ¯˙ÂÓ ÌÈ�˘ '‚‰ ¯Á‡ Ó"Ó ÌÈÒ‚‰..

oi` - mitxypd on dxenz zkqna epnp dlxr zexity t"r`y mixacd on dler

zeìvna .mdn d`pda l`xyin mc` ipa mda elyki `ly xwird `l` ,mtxeyl aeig


20

l`xyin miyp`y yyg oi` ,c`n zelecb zeienka zeiepga xknpe yrezn oefndy epini

.edylk ahex e` uneg mnvrl oikdl dlxrd iaprn elhie mxkl eqpki

éøëðéøëðéøëðéøëð úàðäúàðäúàðäúàðä .á.á.á.á

geex cv l`xyil `diy `ll dlxrd zexitn ixkp z`pd m`d xxal k"r jixv

?xzen xacd m`d jkn d`pd e`

m"anxa xen`k dlxrn dtiwr d`pdl zxzen zexyt` epivnezelk`n 'ld)

(c"id i"t zexeq`:

‰È‰È˘ ˙ÂÙ˙Â˘‰ ˙ÏÁ˙Ó Â�˙‰ Ì‡ ‰ÚÈË�· ÔÈÙ˙Â˘ ÂÈ‰˘ Ï‡¯˘ÈÂ È¯Î�

È�˘ „‚�Î ¯˙È‰ È�˘Ó ÌÈ�˘ ˘Ï˘ ÏÎÂ‡ Ï‡¯˘ÈÂ ‰Ï¯Ú È�˘ ÏÎÂ‡ È¯Î�‰

Â‡·È ‡Ï˘ „·Ï·Â ¯ÂÒ‡ ‰ÏÁ˙Ó Â�˙‰ ‡Ï Ì‡Â ,¯˙ÂÓ ‰Ê È¯‰ ‰Ï¯Ú‰

„Ú ‰Ï¯Ú È�˘· È¯Î�‰ ÏÎ‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ‰ÓÎ ·Â˘ÁÈ˘ ÔÂ‚Î „ˆÈÎ ,ÔÂ·˘ÁÏ

ÛÈÏÁÓÎ ‰Ê È¯‰˘ ¯ÂÒ‡ ‰ÊÎ Â�˙‰ Ì‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ Ô˙Â‡ „‚�Î Ï‡¯˘È ÏÎ‡È˘

.‰Ï¯Ú ˙Â¯ÈÙ

f"acxd xàe(c"id i"t zexeq` zelk`n 'ld):

Ê"Ú„ ˜"Ù È‰Ï˘ .'ÂÎÂ ÔÈÙ˙Â˘ ÂÈ‰˘ Ï‡¯˘ÈÂ È¯Î�(a"k sc)È·Ó ‰‰È·‚ ·¯

È�˘ Ï‡¯˘ÈÂ ‰Ï¯Ú„ È�˘ ÏÈÎ‡ È¯Î� ÂÂ‰ ‰Ï¯Ú ÈÏÈ˙˘ Â‰�‰ ¯Ó‡ ÏÈ˙Î

ÈÚÂÈÒ ‡Ï ‡·¯Ï ‡�È·¯ ‰È·˙Â‡ ‡‰Â Â‰Ï ‡¯˘ ‡·¯„ ‰ÈÓ˜Ï Â˙‡ ‡¯˙È‰„

.‡¯Ó‚· Î"Ú ÌÏÂÚÓ ÌÈ¯·„ ÂÈ‰ ‡Ï ÛÈÒÎÈ‡ ‡‰Â ‰ÈÚÈÈÒ

cala dtiwr d`pd `l` dxiyi d`pd l`xyil oi`y ef jxca zetzeyy dler

zxzen dlxrn3r"eyde .(b"iq cvx 'iq c"ei).m"anxk wqt

xbpilhr i"xl oeiv oipa z"eya(`w 'iq ,xpl jexrd lra)xzen m`d oc‰Ï¯Ú Ô˙ÈÏ"

."Ì‰· ‰�‰� Â�È‡˘ ¯˜Ù‰ Ï˘ ˙ÂÙÂÚÂ ÌÈ·ÏÎ È�ÙÏ ‰‡�‰· ÌÈ¯ÂÒ‡‰ Ì¯Î È‡ÏÎÂ

dpdny meyn .xwtd zndal lik`dl xeq`y gqta ungn cnel èd ezaeyzae

oial ,unga dxezdn d`pd xeqi` lr cenild oia wlgne .xwtd ìdy s` dndal

.3mpn` .dlxrn d`pd mey oi` f"ra `xnbl eyexit itle m"anxd lr biyd (xz` lr) c"a`xd

`l j` yexitd lr wx wlegy e` dxeq` m"anxd ly ekxcy xaeq m`d eixacn xèan `l

l`xyil `dz `ly dizelabd lr miwqeta dpecp l"pd zetzeyd jxc k"enk .dkldd lr

.'cke eitilgn d`pd


21

wiqne .k"dke dlxrl cenll oi` `linne dlik` xeqi`n cnlp `l oicdy ,k"dke dlxr

(xpl jexra dxvwa azky enk)meyn dlxra dtixyd zaeg oi`yick `l` dtixy aeig

.xwtd zndal ely k"dke dlxr zzl xzeny dkldl wiqn jke .mixg` da elyki `ly

dpdi `ly xeqi`d oi`y gqta ung iabl oiany d`xpeèd`dz `ly `l` ,epnn

llk ungdn d`pd4ixeqià la` ,dtixy zevn eilr zlhen okle ,`vtg xeqi` ède

calae ,ez`pda dxezd on mixeq` mpi`y mixg` epdiy xeqi` oi` mixg` d`pd

èdymixkp lr `le l`xyi lr wx `xab xeqi` èd xeqi`dy iptn epnn dpdi `l

.miig ilrae

dnexzd xtqa mpn`dp 'iql ztqeza ,i"zk)5(.xwtd zigl elit` zepdil xizd `l

oiaexira xteqnd lr jnzqne(e"hd a"t migqt `ztqeza exewne ,a"r cq):

‰È‰Â ,·ÈÊÎÏ ÂÎÚÓ ÍÏ‰Ó ‰È‰Â ,¯ÂÓÁ‰ ÏÚ ·ÎÂ¯ ‰È‰˘ Ï‡ÈÏÓ‚ Ô·¯· ‰˘ÚÓ

ÏÂË ,È‡ÚÏÈ‡ :ÂÏ ¯Ó‡ ,Í¯„· ÔÈ˜ÒÂÏ‚ ‡ˆÓ .ÂÈ¯Á‡ ÍÏ‰Ó È‡ÚÏÈ‡ È·¯

ÂÏÏ‰ ÔÈ˜ÒÂÏ‚ ÏÂË ,È‡‚·Ó :ÂÏ ¯Ó‡ ,„Á‡ È¯Î� ‡ˆÓ .Í¯„‰ ÔÓ ÔÈ˜ÒÂÏ‚

˙Â¯ÈÈÚÓ :ÂÏ ¯Ó‡ ?‰˙‡ ÔÎÈ‰Ó :ÂÏ ¯Ó‡ ,È‡ÚÏÈ‡ È·¯ ÂÏ ÏÙËÈ� !È‡ÚÏÈ‡Ó

?ÌÏÂÚÓ Ï‡ÈÏÓ‚ Ô·¯ Í¯ÈÎÈ‰ ÌÂÏÎ - .È�Ó˘ È‡‚·Ó - ?ÍÓ˘ ‰ÓÂ ,ÔÈ�‚¯Â· Ï˘

.˘„Â˜‰ ÁÂ¯· Ï‡ÈÏÓ‚ Ô·¯ ÔÂÂÎ˘ Â�„ÓÏ ‰Ú˘ ‰˙Â‡· .Â‡Ï :ÂÏ ¯Ó‡ -

,ÔÈÏÎÂ‡‰ ÏÚ ÔÈ¯È·ÚÓ ÔÈ‡˘ Â�„ÓÏ :‰Ú˘ ‰˙Â‡· Â�„ÓÏ ÌÈ¯·„ ‰˘Ï˘Â

¯Á‡ È¯Î� Ï˘ ÂˆÓÁ˘ Â�„ÓÏÂ ,ÌÈÎ¯„ È¯·ÂÚ ·Â¯ È¯Á‡ ÔÈÎÏÂ‰˘ Â�„ÓÏÂ

.‰‡�‰· ¯˙ÂÓ ÁÒÙ‰

:dnexzd xtq wiqne

¯ÂÒ‡˘ ÈÚ·ÈÓ ‡ÏÂ ,‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡ ·ÏÁÂ ¯˘· ÌÂ˘Ó ¯Ò‡�˘ ÏÎ‡Ó‰ Ï·‡

Â·ÏÎÏ Â‡ Â˙ÁÙ˘Ï Ô˙ÈÏÂ‰‡¯ ‡Ï˘ ÈÂ‚Ï Â‡ ‡ÓÏÚ„ ·ÏÎÏ ÂÏÈÙ‡ ‡Ï‡

ÌÏÂÚÓÂ�˙ÈÏ ¯ÂÒ‡˘ È�‡ ¯ÓÂ‡,‰Ï¯Ú ˙Â¯ÈÙ ‡ÏÂ¯ÂÒ‡˘ ¯·„ ÏÎ ‡ÏÂ

,È‡ÚÏ‡Ó ÔÈ˜ÒÂÏ‚ Ï[ÂËÈ]˘ È‡·‚ÓÏ Ï‡ÈÏÓ‚ Ô·¯ ¯Ó‡„ ,¯„‰ ˜¯Ù ‰‡�‰·

ÁÒÙ‰ ¯Á‡Ï ıÓÁ Ó"˘Â ,ÌÏÂÚÓ Â¯ÈÎÓ Ï‡ÈÏÓ‚ Ô·¯ ‰È‰ ‡Ï˘ Ì˙‰ ¯Ó‡˜Â

.4d`pd xeqi`y oeike ,"dlik` xzid ea `di `l" :(a"r `k) migqta xen`dn z`f ecnl ile`

.f"lf mixeqi`d eywed dlik` xeqi` ea xn`py mewnn cnlp

.5i"tr qetcl xtqd z` xicdnd `"hily oncixt lèi axd dnexzd xtq gqep z` il xqn

.i"zk


22

,‰‡�‰· ¯˙ÂÓ‰È‰ ‡Ï˘ Ù"Ú‡ Â�˙ÈÏ ¯ÂÒ‡ ‰È‰ ‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡ ‰Â‰ È‡„

ÌÏÂÚÓ Â¯ÈÎÓ.

mgexi epiaxl xzide xeqià k"ke(fl 'iq).

s` xwtd d`pdd ixeqi` elit` d`pd xeqi` zzl xeq`y dnexzd xtqn dler

oiady d`xpe .lìlnb oax dyrnn ok wiicne ,exikn epi`y ixkpl e` xwtd zndal

d`pd epnn `dz `l ± `vtg xeqi` èd d`pdd xeqi`y d`pd ixeqi` lk iabl

.xqe` okle ìdylk

oiaexira zetqez itl mpn`(epcnle d"c my)mdnir delznd iebl dpizpdy azky

.lìlnb oax ly dyrndn di`x oi` k"è ,iynn d`pd cv jka yi ,dxiknk ìd ixd

zn` ztyd oke(a"r ak migqt):l"fe ezrcn dnexzd xtqk wiqd

Â· ˙ÂÎÊÏ ÔÈÂÎ˙� ‡Ï„ Û‡ È¯Î�Ï Â�˙�Â ‰‡�‰ ¯ÂÒÈ‡ ‰È·‚Ó‰„ È‡„Â ‡‰ Î"‡Â

ÂÏ Ô˙Â� 'È‰˘ ÂÓÎ ‰·ÂË ÂÏ ˜ÈÊÁÓ È¯Î�‰„ ,¯ÂÒÈ‡Ó ‰¯ÂÓ‚ ‰‡�‰ ÈÂ‰ Ó"Ó

¯ÂÒ‡„ ‡ËÈ˘ÙÂ ˙Ó‡· Â· ‰ÎÊ ‡Ó˘ Ì‚Â Â· ˙ÂÎÊÏ 'È‰ Â„È· ‡‰„ ,˘ÓÓ ÂÏ˘

ÔÈ·Â¯ÈÚ· Ô�È¯Ó‡„ ‡‰Ó ‰¯Â‡ÎÏ �"ÎÂ ÂÏ Â�˙ÈÏ ‚"‰Î(a c"q)Ô˙�˘ ‚"¯·

È‡„ ÚÓ˘ÓÂ ‰‡�‰· ¯˙ÂÓ Ù"‰Á‡ Ì"ÂÎÚ Ï˘ ıÓÁ„ ÌÂ˘Ó] È¯Î�Ï ‡˜ÒÂÏ‚

˜ÈÈ„ ¯ÈÙ˘„ Ï"È Î"‡Â ˘"Ú [Ì"ÂÎÚÏ Â�˙ÈÏ È‡˘¯ 'È‰ ‡Ï ‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡ 'È‰

¯Á‡ Ó"Ó È¯Î�‰ Ï˘ ‡Â‰„ Û‡ ‡ÏÈÓÓ ‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡ ‰"Ó‡ 'È‰ È‡„ 'Ó‚‰

¯ÂÒ‡ È¯Î�‰Ï Ì‚„ ÔÂÈÎ ‰ÎÂÊ 'È‰ Â· ˙ÂÎÊÏ ıÙÁ 'È‰ Ì‡Â Ï‡¯˘È‰ „È· 'È‰˘

ÚÓ˘Ó ËÈ˘ÂÈ ‡Ï„ Ê"Ú· Ô�È¯Ó‡„ ‡‰Â ÂÏ˘ ˙‡ ÂÏ Ô˙Â�Î ÈÂ‰ Î"‡Â ‰‡�‰·

'È‰ È‡ Ï·‡ ‰‡�‰· È¯˘ Á"‰Ó‡„ 'Ó‚‰ ˙�˜ÒÓÏ ‡Â‰ Ï‡¯˘È‰ Ï˘ Â�È‡„

¯ÂÒ‡ Â· ˙ÂÎÊÏ ıÙÁ Â�È‡ Ì‡ 'ÈÙ‡Â Â· ‰ÎÊ˘ Ï‡¯˘È‰ Ï˘ 'È‰ ‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡

.Ï"�Î Ô˙ÈÏ

,ixkpl dpdne micia dyrn dyer l`xyid m` `wec `"tyl s`y wlgl ozip la`

xzen xwtd znda iptl ozep e` ,seq`l daeh el wifgn epi`y ixkpl gipn m` la`

ivnz ikid yiy `l` `xab xeqi`k `l` `vtg xeqi`k z`f oiad `ly eixaca gkene

aeh mei bper z"eya r"re .d`pd ly(ht 'iq)miig zxez z"ey ,(gr 'iq ,cltppef g"ixbl).

ealk xtqa ,mpn`(av 'iq):azk oky zxzen xwtd zigl dpizpy rnyn¯"‰ ·˙Î"

,‰‡�‰· ‰¯ÂÒ‡Â ı¯‡Ï ‰ˆÂÁ· ˙‚‰Â� ‰Ï¯Ú‰ Ï"Ê ‰�ÂÈÂ˙˙Ï ¯ÂÒ‡ ‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡˘ ÏÎÂ

‰Ï·�· È¯˘ÓÏ ÍÈ¯Ëˆ‡„Ó ‰�˙Ó· ÈÂ‚ÏÔ˙Â�‰Â ,‰Ï¯Ú·ÏÁ· ¯˘· Â‡ ÁÒÙ· ıÓÁ Â‡

."‰˜ÂÏ ÂÈÏÚ ÂÈ˙Â�ÂÊÓ˘ ·ÏÎÏ Â‡ È¯Î�Ïmiig zegxeà oke(x"hpe dlxr 'ld):¯"‰ ·˙Î"

‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡˘ ÏÎÂ ‰‡�‰· ‰¯ÂÒ‡Â ı¯‡Ï ‰ˆÂÁ· ˙‚‰Â� ‰Ï¯Ú‰ Ï"Ê ‰�ÂÈÂ˙˙Ï ¯ÂÒ‡


23

‰�˙Ó· ÈÂ‚Ï·ÏÁ· ¯˘· Â‡ ÁÒÙ· ıÓÁ Â‡ ‰Ï¯Ú Ô˙Â�‰Â .‰Ï·�· È¯˘ÈÓÏ ÍÈ¯ËˆÈ‡„Ó

."‰˜ÂÏ ÂÈÏÚ Ô˙Â�ÂÊÓ˘ ·ÏÎÏ Â‡

`wecy rnynd`pd zaeh da yiy dpzna dpizpla` ,d`pd ixeqà dxeq`

.zxzen xwtd zig iptl dpizp e` dxwtd

ixtqa 'ire(i 'iq g"g ezlgp lag)zlk`d zxzen m`d mipey`x zwelgn izàdy

.dxeq` d`pd ixeqi` lkay e` ,gqta unga wx dxeqè xwtd zigl d`pd xeqi`

zigl mpzil dxeaw mpicy d`pd ixeq` lka xeq`y zeipenin zedbdn my àede

lky azk u"ayz z"eyae ,xeq`y alga xya iabl azk xzide xeqià oke .xwtd

on xeqi`d m`d mipexg`d zewtzqda y"ire .xwtd zigl mpzil xeq` d`pd ixeq`

ixeqi` lka xwtd zndal dlk`d xeq`l mipexg`d ziihpe minkg ixacn e` dxezd

.d`pd

mikixv eid k"`y ,`vtg xeqià xaecnd oi` dnexzd xtq lral s`y xnel ozipe

d`pd yi xwtd zeig iptl ezpizp mvray `l` ,epnn d`pd lk repnl ick etxeyl

la` .`xdpc `xar cga elit` el riiqny xifpl hiyen oebk dzlikà dl riiqny

zelraa eid zexitdy t"r` ,zlhepe dà digd e` ixkpde dne`n dyer epi` m`

.zexitdn d`pd cve reiq meyn dxwtdd mvra oi` exwtedy iptl l`xyi

mixkpd mià k"gè dnc`d lr dlxrd zexit z` miwxef m`y c"prl d`xpe

yxdd mvra oi` ,mze` milhepeitl okle ,ixkpl dpizp meyn dnc`dn lehil d`

o`k oi` dnexzd xtq itl sè ,xzen `di ealke miig zegxà àend dpei epiax

ici s` z`vl dpekpd jxcd okle ,zlhepe dnvrn dà ìd `l` xwtd zigl dpizp

lr z`f ewxfi dlxrd zexit z` mixiqnd mixkpdy ìd ezriqe dnexzd lra zrc

zexita oi`y oeik mrpenl miaiig ep` oi` mnvrn mlhil mivex m` k"gè ,dnc`d

.dnc`d lr ewxfpy xg`l mda miiwl devn cer epl oiè dyecw


24

oncixt lèi axd

íéøöðáíéøöðáíéøöðáíéøöðá äìøòäìøòäìøòäìøòïåîéøäïåîéøäïåîéøäïåîéøä õòáõòáõòáõòá íéøèåçåíéøèåçåíéøèåçåíéøèåçå

äîã÷ääîã÷ääîã÷ääîã÷ä

'˘Â„ÈÁ ‡Ï· ˘¯„Ó ˙È· ÔÈ‡'ux`de dxezd oekn ly oeird meil jynda -hay)

(r"yzwxt dpyp' epxn` ,167-161 'nr ,d ux`de dxezd 'qa epazky dnl dnlydke

.'df

cere bexz` ,zif oebk ,mivr ipin dnka dievn dlxrl dpice mixvpd ly ef dira

,dlxr zepy el zepnl ,oenix ur zrhl mc` leki .oenixd ura cgeina dtixg ìd j`

`l èd dligzay s` mirfb dnk yiy ze`xl al zniy `lae ,iraxd zpy z` xearl

,ixewnd rfbd edn oigadl zexyt` oi` xak minrt daxd .cg` rfb `l` rhp

oiipne ,urd ly mitprk miaygp el` mirfb/mixvp m`d ìd eipta zcnery dl`yde

miycg mivrk miaygp mdy e` ,mdil` mb qgiizn dpn èdy dlxrd zepy

.i`nvr oiipn mikixvny

êàáøòéåàêàáøòéåàêàáøòéåàêàáøòéåà æ"ùøâäåæ"ùøâäåæ"ùøâäåæ"ùøâäå éìàøùééìàøùééìàøùééìàøùé ù"øâäù"øâäù"øâäù"øâä øáñäøáñäøáñäøáñä .à.à.à.à

ùøåùäùøåùäùøåùäùøåùä ïîïîïîïî íéàöåéùíéàöåéùíéàöåéùíéàöåéù íéøöðíéøöðíéøöðíéøöð ïéãïéãïéãïéã úèîùäìúèîùäìúèîùäìúèîùäì

oli` :dcedi 'x ly ezrc zàen `"r hiw n"a 'nba`veidon ,xeht rfbd on

g"d `"t ziriay ,inlyexia .aiig ± oiyxeyd1:dnec dxwn àen

.1.49 'ey 181 'nr ,zixard oeyll dincw`d 'cdn


25

:·˜ÚÈ Ô· ¯ÊÚÈÏ '¯...ÌÓÂ‚‰È�ÙÓ ‰Ï¯Ú· ·ÈÈÁ ÁÙËÓ ˙ÂÁÙ ÂÓ¯Î ˙‡

.ı¯‡‰ ÌÚÓ ÌÂ‚È˘ „Ú ÌÈÓÎÁ È¯·„ ;ÔÈÚ‰ ˙È‡¯Ó

ycgzde gth daeb cr uvwp oli`d m` dlxra aiig awri oa xfril` 'x zrcl

.oli`d rfb lk zvivw xg`l miycgzn mixvpdyk aiig minkgl eliè ,okn xg`l

eliè ,minkgk ewqt ,gi 'irq cvx 'iq c"ei r"eyde ,b"id i"t y"rn 'ld m"anxd

.awri oa xfril` 'xk wqt ,c 'iq dlxr 'ld ,zephw zekld ,y"`xd

xne` qxhpewa oilxa wit ediryi axd ly eixaca mipc mipexg`d on dnk

dgkyd2b"nql dptde ,my n"a 'nba oiivy htyn oir lr dnz a"tixd .hiw n"al

,elw dyr ,b"nqd on od hnyp mixvpd on `veid oli` ly df oicy cera ,xehle

z` miiqn ède .my jexr ogleyd on ode ,cvx 'iq c"ei ,xehd ,my y"`xd on ode

:ezidnz

Ï‡¯˘È ÈÓÎÁ ˙Ò�Î È¯Â·ÈÁ·Â ÌÚË Ô˙ÈÏ ‰ÂˆÓÂ3˙ÂÎÈ¯‡· È˙¯‡·

.Â"¯� Á"È¯‰Ó ‚‡¯Ù· „"·‡ ‚"‰‰Ï È˙·Â˘˙·4

oeiv ilecib b"t zeweqt zekld ,dlxr oeiv mxka lhpfex cec mdxa` b"dxd

,y"`xd lr ztqep diyew micwny i"r a"tixd zdinz z` ayiil dvex ,a dxrd

oi`y ,dppad znbeck ,izpy-ax gnvy ,bk 'iq e"t zekxa y"`xd zhiy dreci dpdy

ji` f"itl .oli` aygp ,yxeyd on cal ycgzn èd `l` ,dpy icin erxefl jixv

on mi`veid mixvpy reawl jci`ne ,'urd ixt `xea' ezkxa z` reawl okzii

xeqià xeq` yxeyd on ycgzny gnv eze` ixd ,dlxr xeqià mixeq` yxeyd

.mlerl dlxr5rexf xe`d zhiya jled y"`xdy ,lhpfex c"`xbd wiqn l"pd xe`l

.2mqxet qxhpewd .mipexgè mipey`x i"r ilaad on zekld ly zehnyda wqer qxhpewd

,oilxa wit diryi epiax ixtqa ycgn qtcpe ,k"xz bxaqbipw ,ayein zeyw 'q jeza

.f"nyz milyexi

.3.18874 ,1614 bxeavpib - dawqen i"ka ievne mqxtzp `l df exeaig

.4zqxb lr oilxa wit ediryi 'x mr ocy ,dtw 'iq `piipz c"ei ,dcedia rcepl dpeekd

'ld m"anxl n"kd zxrd lre ilaaa àend on dgqepa dketdy c"d `"t dlxr `ztqezd

.'el dziid zxg` dqxb'y ,h"id i"t y"rn

.5'ire ,wxie oli` zxcbda mipe`bl zcbepne zi`nvr dhiy y"`xly xexa `l mpn`

y"`xd zhnyd jka xaqez m` mb dxwn lkae ,404-403 'nr b"g ux`de dxezd epxn`na

g"e` mye ,eh 'irq evx 'iq c"ei r"ey ixacn xexa oky ,r"eyd zhnyd xaqez `l i`ceea


26

zxaqen jkae ,dlxrd on mixeht yxeyd on mi`veid mixvpy ,eky 'iq `"g

.zephw zeklda y"`xd ly ezhnyd

ipy ycgne a"tixd zdinz z` ayiin ,gk 'iq ipinid cenr ,il`xyi y"xbd

:miyecig

,my ,y"`xd i"r yxeyd on mi`veid mixvp oic zhnyd z` xàn èd .`

zpeekn mc` ciy dxwn oia oigadl yiy orehe ,a"tixd xirdy itk ,my ,r"eyde

irah oteà mi`vei mixvp xy`k oiteligl e` ,oli`d zeycgzd jxevl dvivwd z`

,drihpd lehia jka yi ,oexg`d dxwna .eil`n uvwp oey`xd rfbdy dxwn oial

jxevl rfbd z` uvewyk e` irah oteà dler xvpd xy`k j` ,dlxra miaiig okle

ehinyd okl .dlxrd on xeht ,rwxwd iptl zgzn `vi xvpd m` mb ,urd zeycgzd

.uvwp oli`dy dxwna aiigy eazke 'miyxeyd on dlerd xvp' oic r"eyde y"`xd

m`y xnele ,il`xyi y"xbd ly efn dketd dxaq xnel mewn yiy oiivl ie`x

uvwp mè ,oey`xd drihpd dyrn z` lhan èd jka dvivw dyrn dyer mc`

eixac z` mirhn il`xyi y"xbd mpn` .drihpd dyrn lhazn epi` eil`n

oteà mi`vei mixvpdy dxwnl dnece ,gnvd zeycgzd myl ok dyer ,uvewyky

jynd myl zcrein dpi` dvivwd ,uvwpyk ,z`f znerl .gnvd z` miycgne irah

ick uvew mc` m`y xnel yi f"itl .dpey`xd drihpd dlha okle ,gnvd lecib

didi ,jnz dakxda lynl ,xg` rfb ly dginv xyt`le miiwd rfbd z` `kcl

.dlxra aiig

ezrcl .'yxey' znerl 'rfb' zxcbdl rbep il`xyi y"xbd ly ipyd yecigd .a

oli`d rfb lr mi`veiy xvp e` xheg ly dxwna mlern ewlgp `l dcedi 'xe n"x

yxeyd xèev lrn df m` oia(rfb)eizgzn df m` oiae(yxey)mixxbp mdy xexae ,

.dlxrd on mixehte oli`d ixg`ly dxwna ìd n"xl dcedi 'x oia zwelgnd

miycg mixvp mi`vei mdne epnn miwgexny oli` ly miyxeyèd yxeyd m` .

ìd zeycgzdd m` .'rfb' aygp ,spr ycgzn mdne ,rwxwd ipt lr ievne ielb

mby il`xyi y"xbd xaeq l"pd xe`l .'yxey' aygp ,rwxwd iptl zgzny yxeyn

dppad lre mizezd lr dkxad okle y"`xd zrck `le mipe`bdk epwqty ,a 'irq bx 'iq

.419-418 'nr l"pd epxn`na 'ire ,'dnc`d ixt `xea' ìd


27

epic oi` ,dng ipt dèx epi` m` mb ,eizgzn sè , yxeyd xèevn `veiy xvp

.oey`xd oli`d on wlgk eaiygdl yie yxeyk

z` miyere ,of ztlgd rval mivex m`y il`xyi y"xbd wiqn l"pd xe`l

dnc`d iptl zgzn rfbd lr dakxdd(meid laewny dnl cebipa)zelbl ìd dvrd ,

,rwxwd iptl cr rfbd z` uevwl ,rfbl aiaqny dnc`d z`rfbd on wlg xi`ydl,

rfbd ly oezgzd wlga dakxdd z` rval(f` laewnk dnc`d iptl zgzny)wxe ,

mi`vei mixvpdy oeeik il`xyi y"xbd zrcl .rfbd zix`y z` jezgl iegi`d xg`l

dlert dyr èdy dcaerl sqepa ,rwxwd iptl zgzn m` mb oey`xd rfbd on

.dpey`x drihp dlha `l ik ,dlxrd on xeht ,dvivw ly zpeekn

dxrd zxbqna uxnp xeviwa il`xyi y"xbd zxaq z` azek jàxrie` f"yxbd

dl`yl qgiizn il`xyi y"xbdy èd lcadd mpn` .g ze` `r 'iq dnly zgpna

lhpfex c"`xbd zdinz z` ayiil dvex `"fyxbd eliè ,l"pk of ztlgd ly ziyrn

.mlerl dlxr xeqià xeq` epiè r"dta ezkxay ,'sxega eitpr milky oli`' oicn

oial dlxrd on xehty irah oteà mixvp mi`veiy dxwn oia oigan `"fyxbd mb

ur lkl oipenc inp opifge' :siqen ède .dlxra aiig b"dka wxy uvwp ly dxwn

xnel oi`y ezxaq d`xpd itle .'uvwp enk gthl ribdy dryn `le dhilw zryn

e` ,dng ipt d`x `ly onf lk ik ,yxeyd on `veiy xvpl dlxr zepy zepnl yiy

gth daebl eribd iptl i"a`xl.oli` xcba epi`dlxr zepy oiipn zligz ok m`y

.dhilwd rbxn url mipeny l"iiw ixde ,gth daebl eribd onfn zeidl jixv did

oial irah oteà miycgzn mixvpdy dxwn oia oigadl yiy `"fyxbd ycgn okl

llba èd aeigd zaiqy il`xyi y"xbd ly efl dnec ezxaq d`xpd itle ,uvwp

.'mzrhpe' oic lhany uvwpy

ïîïîïîïî íéàöåéùíéàöåéùíéàöåéùíéàöåéù íøöðáíøöðáíøöðáíøöðá àúééøåàãîàúééøåàãîàúééøåàãîàúééøåàãî äìøòäìøòäìøòäìøò áåéçáåéçáåéçáåéç .á.á.á.á

ùøåùäùøåùäùøåùäùøåùä

ux`d mrn uvwpy dxwnay d`xp `"fyxbde il`xyi y"xbd ly mzxaq itl

on elr mixvpdy dxwnae ,dpey`x drihp dlha oky ,`ziixe`cn dlxra aiig

.dlxrd on ixnbl xeht irah oteà yxeyd

bxapxhy ikcxn b"dxd(r"yz ,ux`de dxezd oekn ,oeird meia)mixvpy oerhl dvx

oli`d znbecke ,oey`xd rfbd mewna mià md m` wx mixeht yxeyd on mi`veiy

i`ceea ,oey`xd rfbd cva yxeyd on `vei xvpd m` j` .yxeyd on eitpr milky

xy`k xvpd z` xehtl yiy ìd ef dxaq ly `vend zcewp .aiige ycg oli` aygp


28

wlg epi` m` j` ,oey`xd oli`d on wlg èdy xkip mbe irah oteà ycgzn èd

oli` lr xacn `"fyxbd ok`y ìd zn`d .dlxra eaiigl yi oey`xd oli`d on

mi`veid mixvp iabl j` ,df dxwna wx lwd èdy xazqne ,sxega milk eitpry

.xingd yxeyd on6`l` ,df dxwnl mvnhvn epi` i`ceea il`xyi y"xbd j`

el` m` mb ,mipenixa enk irah oteà gztzny xvp ly dxwn lky raewe aigxn

miàcvadlhay ,uvwpy dxwna wxe ,dlxrd on mxhetl yi ,oey`xd rfbd

rivdy oexztde drvdd on jkl di`x ìadl yi .dlxra aiig dpey`x drihp

,my rivn èd .l`ypy ofd ztlgd zl`yl il`xyi y"xbd7rfbd iaern wlg uevwl

dg`zzy xg`le ,ofd ztlgd jxevl dakxdd z` rvale ,dnc`d iptl zgzn

èd ,oey`xd rfbd cva lcb xvpdy s`y `vnp .oey`xd rfbd z` jezgl dakxdd

.dpey`xd drihpd lehiae oli`d zvivw zeawra à epi` èd ik ,dlxrd on xeht

ïîïîïîïî äìåòääìåòääìåòääìåòä øöðøöðøöðøöð áåéçáåéçáåéçáåéç úøáñäåúøáñäåúøáñäåúøáñäå øåèôøåèôøåèôøåèô ùøåùùøåùùøåùùøåù ïéãïéãïéãïéã .â.â.â.â

ïðáøãîïðáøãîïðáøãîïðáøãî åàåàåàåà àúééøåàãîàúééøåàãîàúééøåàãîàúééøåàãî ùøåùäùøåùäùøåùäùøåùä

aeig eiabl ycgzn `l ,xehta ligzdy oli`y ,ycegn oic dlxr xeqià yi

a"d `"t dlxr inlyexia cnlp 'xeht yxey' ly df oic .dycg drihp `ll dlxr8

:'mzrhpe' weqtd on

Ì˘· ‡�Â‰ '¯ .ı¯‡Ï Ï‡¯˘È Â‡· ‡Ï˘ „Ú ÌÈÈÂ‚ ÂÚË�˘Ï Ë¯Ù Ì˙ÚË�Â

.¯ËÂÙ – ¯ÂËÙ ˘¯Â˘ ‰¯Ó‡ ‡„‰ ‡·‡ '¯

ewlgy ur rhp oebk ,mixwn dnk iabl inlyexia myein 'xeht yxey' ly llkd

;l"ega ewlge l`xyi uxà;‚ÈÈÒÏ „ÚÂÈÓ Â˜ÏÁÂ ÏÎ‡ÓÏ „ÚÂÈÓ Â˜ÏÁ˘ ıÚ ÚË�

.'‰�˜Ê'· '‰„ÏÈ' Ï˘ ‰·Î¯‰ Ï˘ ‰¯˜Ó·Â

.6dnly zgpna azk oke'nr y"ir ,`ziixe`cn èd aeigdy ezrcl my rnyne ,hq 'iq ,`

.oird zi`xn iptn wx aiigy zexyt` dlrn 2/ty 'nra j` ,2/hry 'nr ,1/gry

.7`pwqn' :ftx 'nr oke '...mivriizn eid eli`y izayg ok`' :ctx 'nr ,my ipinid cenr

.'...`zlinc

.8.11-9 'ey ,333 'nr ,zixard oeyll dincw`d 'cdn


29

recn mipexg`d zl`ya oc ,` 'iq a"g mdxa` zgpna l"vf `xity `"xbd x"en

'xhet xeht yxey' xn`p `l(`"d `"t dlxr inlyexi)on `veiy xvp lk xehtp `le

mdxa` zgpna my azek oke ?dlxr zepy eilr exary xg`l yxeyd(2/c 'nr):

„Á‡ ÚÊ‚Â ˙Á‡ ‰ÚÈË� ‰�˘È˘Î ˜¯ ‡Â‰ ¯ËÂÙ ¯ÂËÙ ˘¯Â˘ ÔÈ„ ÏÎ˘ Ï"ÈÂ

È‚Ò ÔÈ˘¯˘‰ ÈÎ·Ò ÏÎ ÔÈ· ‰ËÓÏ ˘È˘ ¯ÂËÙ ˘¯Â˘ ÏÎÂ Ú˜¯˜ ÔÓ ‰ÏÂÚ

‰ÏÚÓÏ ‡È‰˘ ÛÒÂ� ÚÊ‚Â ‰ÚÈË� ‰‡ˆÈ ÚÊ‚‰ ‰ÚÈË�‰ „ˆÏ Ì‡ Ï·‡ ¯ÂËÙÏ

˘¯Â˘‰ ÔÓ ‡ˆÂÈ‰ ˘"ÊÂ ˘„Á ÔÏÈ‡Î ÈÂ‰ Ì„Â˜‰ ÚÊ‚‰ „ˆÏ ˙ÙÒÂ� ‰ÚÈË�

˙Ó„Â˜‰ ‰ÚÈË�‰ „ÈÏ ÌÈ˘¯˘‰ „Á‡Ó ˘„Á ÚÊ‚Â ‰ÚÈË� ˙‡ˆÂÈ Ï"¯

...‰˘„Á ‰ÚÈË� ÏÎ‰˘ ¯ÂËÙ ˘¯Â˘ ÔÈ„ ÍÈÈ˘ ‡Ï ‚"‰Î·

dwipi wpei ewlgy rfb lra cg` oli` ly dxwna wx èd 'xeht yxey'y xnelk

on `veid xvp ly dxwna j` .dlxrd on xeht ,xeht ly dwipi ± ewlge aeig ly

mb xicbn jk .ycg oli` èdy oeeik ,dlxra aiig irah oteà m` mb yxeyd

`"efgd9xn`na 'yxey' byend `"efgde `xity `"xbd zrc itl .'xeht yxey' xcb

oi` ,xehta elecib z` ligzdy rfb lra oli`y èd ceqide ,l`yen èd l"pd

dlxr aeig k"g` ycgzn(dycg drihp `ll)eribdyk mirehp eidy mivrd lk okl .

,uvwp rfbdy e` zn oli`dy dxwna j` .xehta ex`yp l`xyi ux`l epizea`

± xeht yxey' llka epiè ycg oli` aygp ,yxeyd on miycg mixvp mi`veie

ligzd yxeyd m` xen`l ,eheytk 'yxey' byend z` oiadl xyt` j` .'xhet

.el` miyxeyn miwpei e`/e mi`veid zepli`d on dlxr aeig ycgzn `l ,xehta

yxey' oicl dpwfa dcli ly dakxd oic xywda miywzn `"efgde `xity `"xbd

oiicr xg`de dlxr zepy xg`l owf cg`dy ,zepli` ipya xaecn my oky ,'xeht

,mzrcl .dlxr aeign dclid z` zxhet dpwfa dclid on spr ly dakxde ,aiig

lehia oicn `l` ,'xeht yxey' meyn epi` df dxwna xehtd'nr ,my ,mdxa` zgpn)

(4/eyxey' ziibeqa miàeny mixwnd cg` ik ,ok dpi` ,inlyexid ixac zehyt j` .

.'xeht ± dpwfl dwtq' èd 'xeht10`"xbde `"efgd lr wleg wp`xt t"vxbd okl

`l ,ezrcl .'xeht yxey' oicn xeht dpwfa dcli ly dakxd oicy xaeqe ,`xity

.9,`pdk w"xdl ,`"xbd ixeìa xwgl jeza `"efgd ly azkn ;g-d w"q a 'iq dlxr `"efg

.g-f 'nr ,f"iyz aia` lz

.10.3 'ey ,333 'nr dincw`d 'cdn ,`"dq `"t dlxr inlyexi


30

,zepli` ipya s` `l` ,dlxrd on xeht ± xeht cve aeig cv ea yiy cg` olià wx

xg`d on wpei cg`dy(dpwfa dcli zakxd).xeht ±11

`"ayxd ixaca zvw rnyn oke(dkx 'iq b"g ,z"ey)cgi xwrpy oli` iabl ocy

m` mby xaeq `"ayxd .epnn zeigl lekiy dnc` yeb ly xcb edn ,dnc` yeb mr

,hren mini xtqn wx `l` ,mipy yely `l sè ,mlerl zeigl lbeqn urd oi`

oiicr ik ,xeht ± dycg drihpl ely zycegnd zeyxzydd z` aiygdl mewn dide

:l"fe ;xeht yxeyn wpei

ÌÂ˜ÓÓ ,ÌÈ�˘ ˘Ï˘ ÂÈÏÚ Â¯·ÚÂ ÚÂË� ‰È‰ ¯·Î˘ ÔÂÈÎ„ ,ÈÏ ‰‡¯� ‡ÓÚËÂ

‰ÈÏ È�‰‡ È˙Î‡ ,¯Á‡ ÌÂ˜Ó· ÚË�Â È¯Ó‚Ï ¯˜Ú�˘ Ù"Ú‡Â ,‡· ¯ÂËÙ

ÈÎ„ ,ÈÓ� ‡ÓÚË Â�ÈÈ‰Â .˙ˆ˜ ˙ÂÈÁÏ ÏÂÎÈ˘ ÏÎ ,Â¯ÂËÙÂ ‰�Â˘‡¯ Â˙ÚÈË�

,Â˙ÚÈË� ÌÂ˜Ó· Â‰„ ÏÎ ¯·ÂÁÓ ÔÈÈ„Ú˘ ‡Ï‡ ,È¯Ó‚Ï ÂÓÂ˜ÓÓ ¯˜Ú� ‡Ï

,ÔÂ˘‡¯‰ ¯˙È‰ ÏÚ Â„ÈÓÚÓÂ Â¯ËÂÙ ËÚÂÓ‰ Â˙Â‡ ,Ï·¯Ò‰ ËÂÁÎ ÂÏÈÙ‡Â

¯˜Ú�˘ ÔÏÈ‡ :Ì˘ Â�È�˘˘ ÂÓÎÂ .ÏÏÎ Â�ÓÓ ˙ÂÈÁÏ ÏÂÎÈ Â�È‡˘ È"ÙÚ‡

...¯ÂËÙ ,˘¯˘ Â· ¯ÈÈ˙˘�Â

mwlge mixeht eitprn wlgy rfb lra olià wx epi` 'xeht yxey' oic f"itle

.zxhet ± xeht yxey zwipiy dxez dycge ,yxeya oic `l` ,miaiig

mixvp p"dè ,dcva zgpen dxaey ,`xity `"xbd zl`yy xnel yi l"pd xe`l

`l` epi` aeigd lke ,'xeht yxey' oicn dxezd on mixeht yxeyd on mi`veid

bn dheql ,dxe` oxw 'qa ,iwqaewpin wgvi axd xiaqn oke .oird zi`xn meyn

aeigd lke ,'xeht yxey' llba `ziixe`cn xeht ± yxeyd on ycgzny xvpy ,a"r

:l"fe ;oird zi`xn iptn opaxcn `l` epi`

‰Ï¯Ú ÌÂ˘Ó ‰· ÔÈ‡ ‰Ï„‚˙�Â ‰¯ÊÁÂ ı¯‡‰ ÔÓ ÌÓ‚È� 'ÈÙ‡„ ,‰‡¯� „ÂÚÂ

.11milyexi ,a"g mirxf iav axd z"ey ;24 'nr hxtae ,28-11 'nr ,e"pxz milyexi ,e oeiv mxk

t"tvxbdy sè .l"pe d"c 1/hi ,la` d"c 2/gi ,2lke d"c /fh 'nr hxtae ,ì-h 'iq ,`"pyz

zrcke ,dlxr aeig lg xaky xg`l dpwfa dcli dakxda mixhet oi` dkldly zerc ìan

,'xeht yxey' oic ly dxcbdd on ea xfeg èd oi` j` ,(b"d my inlyexi) à xa ìig 'x

oiipra .i 'iqq my 'ir ,dlxr aeig lg xak m` xn`p `l df llky xiaqn èdy itk `l`

,` ux`de dxezd ,'jnz zakxd' ,xlin ac axd r"r ,jnz zakxda 'xeht yxey' zernyn

lìxfr axd ;117-114 'nr ,my ,'wxq oli` b"r dlxr zepy oiipn' ,epxn`na ;81-75 'nr

.194-192 'nr ,my ,zelzynl dlxr zeklda xexia ,lìx`


31

ÈÎ‰Â .Ô˘È ˘¯˘Ó ‰ÈÏ‡Ó ‰˙ÏÚ„ ÔÂÈÎ .ÔÈÚ‰ ˙È‡¯Ó ÌÂ˘Ó ‡Ï‡ .˙"„

‡‰Ï¯Ú„ ˜"Ù ÈÓÏ˘Â¯È· Ô�È¯Ó(`"d).Ú"ˆÂ ˘"Ú ¯ËÂÙ ¯ÂËÙ ˘¯˘

zhnyd z` ayiine oicx`b aiil `cedi b"dxd mb jled daygn oeeik ezeà

il`xyi y"xbly cera .il`xyi y"xbd ly xaqdd on dpey oteà r"eyde y"`xd

,xzen irah oteà miyxeyd on `veiy xvp eliè ,uvwpa wx dlxra aiigl yi

± 'yxeyd on `veid xvp' oice 'uvwp' oicy y"`xdc àil` xiaqn oicx`b l"ixbd

dllbay daiqd eixacl .oird zi`xn meyn wx mixeq` mleke ,mdl cg` yxey

.'uvwp' oic lr eknqy ìd ,'miyxeyd on `veid xvp' oic xehde y"`xd hinyd

oird zi`xn meyn èd s` yxeyd on `veid xvpa aeigd ceqiy ,eixacn rnyn

.oicd on dlxra xeq` epiè

okziie ,flx 'iq b"g `"ayxd zaeyza ,mipey`xd ixaca mb ep`vn ok

xwrpy oli` iabl daeyza lirl ezhiyl `"ayxdy(dkx 'iq my)m` oc `"ayxd .

mixvp zginv i"r ycgzdl lgd ède ,jzgpe yxypy mxk dlxra aiigl yi

:jk `"ayxl azek lèyd .rwxwd iptl zgzn mi`veiy

dfa bdep m` dng ipt miyxyd e`x `le rfbd lk jzgpe yxypy mxk zl`y

...e`l m` dlxr

on mi`veid mixvp iabl dcedi 'xe xi`n 'x zwelgn z` lèyd xikfn jynda

`vend zcewp .enxk mneb iabl minkge awri oa xfril` 'x zwelgn zè yxeyd

.'e`l m` dlxr dfa bdep m`' lèy okle ,dlxrd on xehtl mewn yiy lèyd ly12

meyn dlxra aiigl yiy xaq lèydy ,wiqdl ozip `"ayxd oial epia n"end on

oi` - rwxwd iptl zgzn efyk j` ,rwxwd lrn ìd dvivwdyk wx oird zi`xn

rwxwd iptl zgzn ,àxc`y xaeq ,z`f znerl `"ayxd .xeht okle ,oird zi`xn

:`"ayxd l"fe ;oird zi`xn meyn èd df aeig sè ,dlxra aiig i`ceea

.ÈÓÏ˘Â¯È· ‡˙È‡„Î ,ı¯‡‰ ÌÚ ÌÓ‚È˘ „Ú :È¯Ó‡„ ,Ô�·¯Î Ï"È˜ ‡Ï‡

˙È‡¯Ó È�ÙÓ ‰Ï¯Ú Â· ˙‚‰Â�˘ ,‰ÓÁ‰ È�Ù ‰‡Â¯ Â�È‡ Ì‡ ,˘"ÎÂ

.12:i"t y"rn 'ld m"anxd ixaca dxizqa dywzd lèydy oerhl dvx iginr dcedi axd

zegta s` aiigy rnyn h"ida eliè ,aiig ux`d mrn mnebd wxy minkgk rnyn b"ida

xehtl mewn yiy lèyd ly `vend zcewp xen`k ik xazqn epi` df xaqd j` .gthn

.'rfbd lk jzgpe yxyp'a dfe ,oc èd ea dxwna dlxrd on


32

˙·˙Î˘ ÂÓÎ ‡ÏÂ ,ÔÈÚ‰ÏÚ ¯‡˘�˘Î ‡Ï‡ ,ÌÈÓÎÁ Ì‰ÈÏÚ Â˜ÏÁ� ‡Ï„ ;

,ı¯‡‰ ÌÚÓ ÌÓ‚�˘Î ‡‰ ,ÁÙËÓ ˙ÂÁÙ ‡Â‰˘ Ù"Ú‡ ,˙ˆ˜ Ú˜¯˜ È�Ù

;‰ÚÈË�Î ‡Â‰˘ ÌÈÓÎÁ ÌÈ„ÂÓ ,ÌÂÏÎ Â�ÓÓ ¯‡˘� ‡Ï˘ÔÓ ‡ˆÂÈ‰ ,˘"ÎÂ

ÌÈ˘¯˘‰.Ú˜¯˜· ÌÈÒÂÎÓ‰

zi`xn meyn wx dlxra aiig dng ipt dèx epi` xy`ky ,k"` azek `"ayxd

mnebdy ,lèyl cebipa ,`"ayxd xaq eli` .miyxeyd on `veia mb oicd ède ,oird

,oird zi`xn meyn `le oicd on miaiig yxeyd on mi`veid mixvp oke ux`d mrn

.lèyd zprh z` dgec did dfae ,yexita z`f azek did

ipya eyecig z` mvnvle `"ayxd zaeyz z` yxtl dvexy in yi mpnè

:mipte`

.1rwxwd iptl zgzn j` ,rwxwd ipt lrn mneba wx èd oird zi`xn meyn aeigd

.`ziixe`cn èd aeigd

.2dxwna wx j` ,rwxwd iptl zgzn mb mpn` èd oird zi`xn meyn aeigd

yxeyd on mi`veiy mixvp ly dxwna j` .oli`d ycgzn enewnae uvwp rfbdy

.`ziixe`cn aiig ,oey`xd rfbd cil

l"fe ;mdilr siqedl jxev oiè ,miyxetn mixacdy aiydl yi oey`xd lr

`le ,oird zi`xn iptn dlxr ea zbdepy ,dngd ipt dèx epi` m` ,y"ke' :`"ayxd

fnxa elit` xikfn `l `"ayxd j` ,okzii yexitdy ,aiydl yi ipyd lr .'zazky enk

ipya àxcè ,oicd on ipyde oird zi`xn meyn cg`d ,dlxr aeiga mipic ipy yiy

.cg` yxey lkly rnyne ,yxeyd on mi`veid mixvp oic xkfen daeyza zenewn13

xvpy `vend zcewpn raep ,`"ayxd zrcl mixwnd oia wlgl gxkdd lk ,sqepa

xeaqp m` j` .`ziixe`cn dlxra aiige i`nvre ycg oli` aygp yxeyd on `veid

,lirlcke `ziixe`cn dlxrd on xeht èd if` ,xeht yxeyn wpei ury dxwn lky

mixvpa oiae uvwpa oia oird zi`xn meyne opaxcn `l` didi `l b"dka aeigdy oaen

.yxeyd on mi`veiy

.13;yxeyd on mi`veid mixvp iabl dcedi 'xe n"x zwelgn z` xikfn lèyd dpey`xd mrta

.'rwxwa miqeknd miyxeyd on `veid y"ke' :envr `"ayxd zaeyza diipyd mrtae


33

íåëéñíåëéñíåëéñíåëéñ

.èid mixvp oica xingdl yi dligzkly xexaixac zehytke yxeyd on mi`v

.h"id ,b"id i"t y"rn 'ld m"anxd

.a:oldlc zercd jnq lr zewtq yiy mewnae carica lwdl mewn yi z`f mr

z`f .yxeyd on mi`veid mixvpa oicd xwirn xehty xaeq l"vf il`xyi y"xbd

zhnyd jnq lre yxeyd on mi`veid mixvp ixnbl xhety rexf xe` zrc jnq lr

oteà mi`veiy mixvpa `le 'uvwp'a wx èd dlxrd aeigy ,r"eyde y"`xd

.irah

.bwp`xt t"vxbd ly exaqdke yxeyd on mi`veiy mixvpa mb lg 'xeht yxey' oic

.opaxcn èd mixvpa dlxrd aeig okle ,mipexg` cere

.cmi`veiy mixvpa wx edf ,mixvpa 'xeht yxey' oic oi`y ,`xity `"xbd zrcl s`

zizgzn mi`veiy mixvp j` .miwgexnd miyxeyd on miycgzne urd on wgxna

yxey oicn dxezd on mixeht ,rwxwd iptl zgzne yxeyd xèevl zgzn ,rfbd

.xeht14

.d,oird zi`xn meyn dlxra aiig yxeyd on mi`veid mixvp oicy xaeq `"ayxd

.m"anxd zrcl mb jk yxtny oiivl ie`xe

oird zi`xn iptn opaxcn wx aiig yxeyd on dlerd xvp oicy driawd zernyn

:mixwn dnka carica lwdl xyt`y ìd15

.1,miycgd mixvpd lr dlxr ipy exar m` mircei oi`y oebk ,zewtq ly mixwna

hxtae ,dilrn e` rwxwd iptl zgzn ìd zeycgzdd m` xexa `ly mixwna

.yxeyd xèvn ìd xy`k

.2liieevxew l`kin 'b`n eplawy geeicd xe`l(l`xyil ziy`xd zepaxd)gewit yiy

`ny yeygl jxev oi` ,mixvpd z` mefbl mirhepdn dyixce ,mirhn lr wecd

.14drihp z`vei l"x yxeyd on `veid y"fe' :my mdxa` zgpn eixackcg`n ycg rfbe

zncewd drihpd cil miyxyd...dycg drihp lkdy xeht yxey oic jiiy `l b"dka

.15;bn-an 'iq ,mirxf ,` miycgd awri zeldw iazk ;fk 'iq ,mirxf ,a awri zeldw wqt oke

'nr ,b"kyz milyexi ,ci oeiv mxk ,'miyxeyd on `veid oli`' ,`pdk w"xd xn`na 'ire

.l"pd awri zlidwk xiaqne ,`"efgd lr wleg df xn`nae ,`qy-epy


34

s` ,mixeqè ,miyxeyd on eycgzdy mitprn e`vi weya mipew ep`y mipenixd

.dlxrd on xzed xak elek rhndy

.3oli`k epic m` eiabl epwtzqdy lhtd gnv èd ,ea lwdl mewn yiy sqep dxwn

.wxik e`16zgzn minrtl ìd gnvd ly zeycgzdd ,f` epkxry xexiad itl

diipyd dpya ixt ozepe ,miizpy miiwzn xvpd .eilrn minrtle yxeyd xèvl

z` xeq`l mewn did oexwirae ,oli`k lhtd z` aiygp m` mb .oeepzn k"gè

'iq dlxr ,`"efgd èd i`ck ,zinler zexitd exqìi xeq`p m`y oeeik ,zexitd

.zinler xeq` ur ixt ep`vn `ly ezprh lre eilr jenql ,b w"q bi17

.4zeihxtd zepibd ilra z` zegpdl yimirhnd ilra zèicin mefbl ecitwiy

rfb lra wx didi oenixdy be`cle ,yxeyd on miycgzny mixvpd lk z` dpy

.cg`

.16.158-146 'nr ,d ux`de dxezd 'q 'ir

.17`"efgd zrc .dx 'nr ,d oeire xwg ,yxeyd on mi`veiy mixvp iabl `pdk w"xd mb azek jk

ixtd m` mb dlxra mixqe`y `lwz 'iq b"g f"acxd z"ey ;ep wxt t"ekd zrcl cebipa ìd

.xeqi`d on `vii `l


35

oiihyt` awri axd

òèðòèðòèðòèð úåøéôúåøéôúåøéôúåøéô ìåìéçìåìéçìåìéçìåìéçïúìùáäïúìùáäïúìùáäïúìùáä íøèíøèíøèíøè éòáøéòáøéòáøéòáø


lhep i`lwgd jixcnd mizifd wiqnl cr .ziriaxd ezpya mizif mxk i`lwgl

xiqdl jixvy mitpr mpyi k"enk ,mzwica myl d`lnd mzlyad iptl mizif

.mixirf zexit mdilre

`yepd sprd mr mixqen e` mithwpd iraxd rhp zexit z` zectl jixv m`d

?iraxd rhp zexit lk z` y`xn llgl ozip m`d k"enk ?urdn mze`

éòáøéòáøéòáøéòáø òèðîòèðîòèðîòèðî äàðääàðääàðääàðä .à.à.à.à

dlxr zkqna(g"n `"t):xn`p

ÈÙÈÏ˜ ÂÏ˘ ı�‰Â ÔÂÓ¯ ÈÙÈÏ˜ Ì‰Ï˘ „Ó˙‰Â ÌÈ‚Ê‰Â ÌÈ�ˆ¯Á‰Â ˙ÂÏ˜Â˜�Ú

ÈÚ·¯· ÔÈ¯˙ÂÓÂ ¯ÈÊ�·Â ‰¯˘‡·Â ‰Ï¯Ú· ÌÈ¯ÂÒ‡ ÌÈ�ÈÚ¯‚‰Â ÌÈÊÂ‚‡

.˙Â¯ÂÒ‡ ÌÏÎ ˙ÂÏ·Â�‰Â

"anxd yxte:m

,ÈÚ·¯ ÚË�· ÔÈ¯˙ÂÓÂ‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡ ÈÚ·¯ ÚË� ÔÈ‡˘ È�ÙÓ‡Â‰ ‡Ï‡ .

ÔÈ‡ ÍÎÈÙÏÂ ,È�˘ ¯˘ÚÓ ˙ÎÒÓ· Â�¯‡È·˘ ÂÓÎ ÂÈÏÚ·Ï ÏÎ‡� È�˘ ¯˘ÚÓÎ

Â· ˘„˜˙Ó‰ÏÈÎ‡Ï ÈÂ‡¯‰ È¯Ù ‡Ï‡Ô‰˘Î ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ È�ÈÓ ÏÎÓ ˙ÂÏ·Â�‰Â .

.ËÂ˘Ù ‰ÊÂ ,¯ÈÊ�·Â ‰¯˘‡·Â ÈÚ·¯·Â ‰Ï¯Ú· ¯ÓÂÏÎ ,ÏÎ· ÔÈ¯ÂÒ‡ ÔÈ‚Ù

:`xephxan dicaer 'x oke

ÈÚ·¯ ÚË�˘ - ÈÚ·¯· ÌÈ¯˙ÂÓÂ‰‡�‰· ¯ÂÒ‡ Â�È‡ÌÈÏÚ·Ï ÏÎ‡� ‡Ï‡ ,


36

È�˘ ¯˘ÚÓÎ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È·¯·„ ‡Ï‡ È�˘ ¯˘ÚÓ ˙˘Â„˜· ˘„˜˙Ó ÔÈ‡Â .

‰ÏÈÎ‡Ï ÈÂ‡¯‰.

zxqd e` mzwica myl miphw zexit zcxed :epl`yp odilr zelertd dxe`kl

z`f zeeydl jixvy `l` ,zexzen od dxe`kl k"è d`pd ly zelert od mitpr

.ipy xyrn zekldl

m"anxd wqt(f"id b"t x"hpe y"rn 'ld):

Î"‡‡ ‰�˙Ó· ‰�˜� Â�È‡ ÍÎÈÙÏ ,‡Â‰ '‰Ï ¯Ó‡�˘ ‡Â‰ ‰Â·‚ ÔÂÓÓ ˘"ÚÓ

ÔÈ‡Â ‰˘‡‰ ˙‡ Â· ÔÈ˘„˜Ó ÔÈ‡Â ,¯˘ÚÓ‰ ˘È¯ÙÓ Ï·˜Ó‰Â Ï·Ë‰ ÂÏ Ô˙�

.Â˙Â‡ ÔÈ�È‰¯Ó ÔÈ‡Â Â˙Â‡ ÔÈÙÈÏÁÓ ÔÈ‡Â Â˙Â‡ ÔÈ�Î˘ÓÓ ÔÈ‡Â Â˙Â‡ ÔÈ¯ÎÂÓ

deab oenn èd y"rn epiid(y"rnl rawpy rbxn)d`pda xeq` epi`y t"r` okle ,

.eiyeniya laben èd ±

m"anxd azk jk .ipy xyrnk yecw irax rhp(`"d h"t x"pe y"rn 'ld):

˘„˜ ÂÈ¯Ù ÏÎ ‰È‰È ˙ÈÚÈ·¯‰ ‰�˘·Â ¯Ó‡�˘ ,˘„Â˜ ‡Â‰ È¯‰ ÈÚ·¯ ÚË�

ÔÈ‡˘ Ì˘ÎÂ ,È�˘ ¯˘ÚÓÎ ÂÈÏÚ·Ï ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È· ÏÎ‡‰Ï Â�È„Â ,'‰Ï ÌÈÏÂÏ‰

:¯ÓÂ‡ ‡Â‰ ÈÚ·¯ ÚË�·Â ,‡È¯ÂÒ· ÈÚ·¯ ÚË� ÔÈ‡ ÍÎ ‡È¯ÂÒ· È�˘ ¯˘ÚÓ

ÈÓÏ ‰¯Â˙· Â�È„ ˘¯Ù˙� ‡Ï˘ ˘„˜ ÍÏ ÔÈ‡˘ 'ÂÈ‰È ÂÏ ÂÈ˘„˜ ˙‡ ˘È‡Â'

.ÈÚ·¯ ÚË�Ó ıÂÁ ‡Â‰˘

zepdil xeq` eycwzd zexitdy rbxn okle ,ipy xyrnk yecw irax rhp epiid

ipy xyrnl cebipa mle` .edylk jxevl miynyn mpi` zexitd m` s` zexitdn

dpyl zexitd zqipk zrn yecw irax rhp ixd ,n"exz zyxtd zra dta rawpd

.mitprd lry zexitd miycwzn iznn oecl jixve .ziriax

éòáøéòáøéòáøéòáø òèðòèðòèðòèð úåøéôúåøéôúåøéôúåøéô íéùã÷úîíéùã÷úîíéùã÷úîíéùã÷úî éúîéàîéúîéàîéúîéàîéúîéàî .á.á.á.á

dlxr zkqna dpyna xn`p(f"n `"t):¯„ÓÒÂ ÌÈ�Ù‚ ÈÓÂ ÌÈ·ÏÂÏ‰Â ÌÈÏÚ‰"1

ÌÈ¯˙ÂÓ‰Ï¯Ú·ÈÚ·¯·Â."‰¯˘‡· ÌÈ¯ÂÒ‡Â ,¯ÈÊ�·Â

:m"anxd yxte

,ÌÈ�Ù‚ ÈÓÂ .„‡Ó ÌÈÎ¯ Ì„ÂÚ· ÌÈÙ�Ú‰ È˘‡¯· ˙‡ˆÂÈ‰ ‰ÁÈ¯Ù‰ ‡È‰ ,ÔÈ·ÏÂÏ

.1.el` mialyl mzeeydl jixv mizif iable .otb ly lecib ialy zpzep dpynd


37

"Á‡˜ÙÏ‡" ‡Â‰ ,¯„ÓÒÂ .‰ÚÈ·¯‰ ÔÓÊ· ÚˆÙ� Ì‡ ÔÙ‚‰ ÔÓ ÌÈÏÊÂ�‰ ÌÈÓ‰

‡¯˜�‰ ‡Â‰Â "Ì¯ˆÁ"‰ Ï·‡ ,È¯Ù‰ ‰È‰È Â�ÓÓ ¯˘‡‡Â‰˘ ˜ÏÂÁ ÔÈ‡ ¯ÒÂ·

¯ÂÒ‡ÌÈÏÚÏ Ë¯Ù ÂÈ¯Ù ‡¯ÙÒ· Â¯Ó‡Â .ÂÈ¯Ù ˙‡ Â˙Ï¯Ú Ì˙Ï¯ÚÂ '‰ ¯Ó‡ .

ÌÈ�Ù‚ ÈÓÂ ÌÈ·ÏÂÏÏÂ¯„ÓÒ‰ÂÂ¯Ó‡Â .ÈÚ·¯·ÂÂÏ‡ ÏÎ ÏÂÎ‡Ï ¯˙ÂÓ˘ Ï"¯ ,

ÔÂÈ„Ù ÈÏ· ÈÚ·¯ ÚË�ÓÌÈÏÂÏ‰ ˘„˜ ÂÈ¯Ù ÏÎ ‰È‰È ·Â˙Î‰ ¯Ó‡ Â· Ì‚˘ ÈÙÏ

È¯Ù Ô�È‡ ÂÏ‡Â.

mipvip md xcnqy gt`w axd xàe2jexrae .(xcnq jxr)aelal oia èdy yxt

`xephxan dicaer 'xe .xqeal(f"n `"t dlxr):yxt‡ˆÈ Â�ÓÓ˘ Á¯Ù‰ ‡Â‰ - ¯„ÓÒ‰"

."È¯Ù ‡Â‰˘ ÌÈ„ÂÓ ÏÎ‰ ÂÓˆÚ ¯ÒÂ·‰ Ï·‡ .¯ÒÂ·‰dcpa mpn`(f"n d"t)a"rx yxt

dbty(dp`za)m"anxdn rnyne .xcnq ìd)(mitqep mipyxt k"keribd eixty zify

.irax rhp zyecwa yecw xak xqead alyl

ziriaya dpynd mle`(i"n c"t):zazek

‰"· ‡ÈˆÂÈ˘Ó ÔÏÈ‡‰ ÏÎ ÌÈ¯ÓÂ‡ ˘"· ˙ÈÚÈ·˘· ÔÏÈ‡‰ ÔÈˆˆÂ˜ ÔÈ‡ È˙ÓÈ‡Ó

ÂÚ¯‚È˘Ó ÌÈ�Ù‚‰Â ÂÏ˘Ï˘È˘Ó ÔÈ·Â¯Á‰ ÌÈ¯ÓÂ‡Âˆ�È˘Ó ÌÈ˙ÈÊ‰Â3ÏÎ ¯‡˘Â

.‡ÈˆÂÈ˘Ó ÔÏÈ‡

alyn `l` ixt zeid iptl cer oli`d z` uewl xeqi` yi ziriay iably dler

mlecib zligzn miycwzn zexitd irax rhpl d"dy xnel ozip did dxe`kle .mipvipd

.mipvip mdyk s`

.2zekxaa `xnbd z`f znerl ,ziriaya dpyna àenk mizif iabl dvpd gpend z` ep`vn

alyn uewl xeq` miapra k"è ."oald let èd ,rexb èd ,xqea èd" :zxne` (a"r el)

lka dey xeqi`d oi` ziriaya dvivw oiprly l"ve mipvipd alyn mizifa la` xqead

.mivrd

.3:azk (e"n c"t zexyrn) m"anxl dpynd yexita .ixtd lecib zligz èd dvpd byend

ve .ozlzde lcxgd ipvip ,ozlz lye lcxg ly zexnz"mde mipvip ea yi ,"xakl`" ,sl

:azk (i ,n ziy`xa) i"yx oke oke .ixt zligz ly aly xak èd k"è ."zexnz mi`xwpd

`veie (bk fi xacna) aizke ,dvp didi lneb xqeae (d gi diryi) aizkck ,gxtn lecb up"

mcewn xkip ovip did m` la`" :azky (a"r e w"en) ixi`ndn p"ke ."uiv uvie xcde ,gxt

df onfixtd zclez zligz èdeoipiznn oi` lità oia xikaa oia zewxi oia mirxf oia

,(d"n d"t ipy xyrn) aeh mei zetqeza uivl dhpge xqea xcnq zlawdl qgia 'ire ."el

.(6-8 zexrd fhx xeh ,dhpg ,fh jxk) zicenlz dictelwivp`


38

llba dpi` ziriaya dvivwd xeqi` zaiqy n"dta m"anxdn rnyn la`

:`l` mzyecw."Ì„‡ ÏÎÏ Ì‰È˙Â¯ÈÙ Ô˙� '‰˘ ÈÙÏ ,Ì„‡ È�· ÏÊÂ‚ ‡Â‰˘ È�ÙÓ",epiid

oli`d z` uevwl xeqi` miiw ,ezyecwa epi` oiicr ixtdy t"r`y cgein oic ziriaya

.ziriay zexit lk exwted mdl mc`d ipan eizexit z` ciqtdl `l ick

.deey zexyrn iabl ode ziriaya od ,irax rhpa od zexitd zyecwe

dlik`(wgcd i"r elit`)iptle ,miieqn lcebl ribn ixtd xy`k wx ziriaya dxzed

xen`k .dlik`l mipzip zexitd oi`y meyn ,dlik`l dpzip ziriayy t"r` dxeq` ok

:f"n ziriayn c"ta."˙ÈÚÈ·˘· ÔÏÈ‡‰ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÔÈÏÎÂ‡ È˙ÓÈ‡Ó"mizif iable(h"n my):

,‰„˘· ÍÒÂ ˘˙ÂÎ ‚ÂÏ ÈˆÁ ÂÒÈ�Î‰ ,‰„˘· ÏÎÂ‡Â ÚˆÂÙ ‰‡ÒÏ ˙ÈÚÈ·¯ ÂÒÈ�ÎÈ˘Ó ÌÈ˙ÈÊ"

,Â˙È· ÍÂ˙Ï Ò�ÂÎÂ ‰„˘· ˘˙ÂÎ ˘ÈÏ˘ ÂÒÈ�Î‰ÚÂ·˘ È�˘ ¯‡˘· Ì‰· ‡ˆÂÈÎ ÔÎÂ

˙Â¯˘ÚÓ· ÌÈ·ÈÈÁ..."

:m"anxd xàe

,ÚˆÂÙ .ÔÓ˘ ˙ÈÚÈ·¯ ÌÈ˙ÈÊ ‰‡Ò ¯ÂÚÈ˘· ‰È‰È˘Ó ,‰‡ÒÏ ˙ÈÚÈ·¯ ÂÒÈ�ÎÈ˘Ó

,‚ÂÏ ˘ÈÏ˘ Ï"¯ ,˘ÈÏ˘ ÂÒÈ�Î‰ Â¯Ó‡Â .‰ÏÈÎ‡‰ È˙ÈÊ· ÔÈ˘ÂÚ˘ Í¯„Î ‰¯·Â˘

ÔÈ‚ÂÏ ˙˘Ï˘ ‰‡ÈˆÂÓ ÌÈ¯ÂÓ‚ Ì‰˘Î ÌÈ˙ÈÊ Ì˙Â‡Ó ‰‡Ò‰ ‰È‰˙˘ ‡Â‰Â

È¯‰ ÂÏÂ˘· ¯Ó‚È˘Î ‡ÈˆÂÈ˘ ‰Ó ˙ÈÚÈ˘˙ ÔÓ˘ ‡ÈˆÂ‰ Ì‡˘ ÏÏÎ‰ ‰È‰ÈÂ ,ÔÓ˘

,Ô‰· ‡ˆÂÈÎ ÔÎÂ .ÏÎÂ‡Â Â˙È·Ï ÔÓ˘‰ ÒÈ�ÎÓÂ ‰„˘· ÂËÁÒÏÂ Â˘˙ÎÏ ¯˙ÂÓ ‰Ê

.ÔÓ˘ ÔÈ˘ÂÚ˘ ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ ÏÎ Ï"¯

zexyrn zpyna oke(a"n `"t):epipy..."˙Â¯˘ÚÓ· ˙Â·ÈÈÁ ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ È˙ÓÈ‡Ó"

:xn`p dàd dpynae mipeyd mipina iznn zhxtn dpyndeÌÈ˙ÈÊ‰Â ‰‡Â·˙‰"

."˘ÈÏ˘ ÂÒÈ�ÎÈ˘Ó:n"dr m"anxd yxteÂ¯Ó‡ ÔÈ�Ú ˙ÈÚÈ·˘ ˙ÎÒÓ· Â�¯‡È· ¯·ÎÂ"

‰Ó ˙ÈÚÈ˘˙ Â‡È·È˘Ó ‡Â‰ Ì˘ ¯¯·˙�˘ ‰ÓÂ .„ÂÓÏ˙‰ ˘¯ÈÙ˘ ÂÓÎ ,˘ÈÏ˘ ÂÒÈ�ÎÈ˘Ó

."ÔÏÂ˘·Â ÔÏÂ„‚ ¯Ó‚�˘Î ‡È·‰Ï ÔÈÈÂ‡¯ Ô‰˘

xyrn zeklda m"anxd wqt jke(b"d a"t):

ÔÈ·ÈÈÁ Ô�È‡ Â· ‡ˆÂÈÎÂ ¯ÒÂ·‰ ÔÂ‚Î Ô�Ë˜Ó ‰ÏÈÎ‡Ï ÌÈÈÂ‡¯ Ô�È‡˘ ˙Â¯ÈÙ

‰È‰È˘ „Ú ıÚ‰ È¯ÙÓ ı¯‡‰ Ú¯ÊÓ ¯Ó‡�˘ ÏÎÂ‡ Â˘ÚÈÂ ÂÏ„‚È˘ „Ú ¯˘ÚÓ·

‰˘Ú˙˘ „Ú ÍÚ¯Ê ˙‡Â·˙ ÏÎ ˙‡ ¯Ó‡�˘ ˙ÂÈ�Ë˜‰Â ‰‡Â·˙‰ ÔÎÂ ,È¯Ù

ÂÊ ‰�ÂÚÏ ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰Â ‰‡Â·˙‰ ÚÈ‚˙˘ Ì„Â˜Â ,˙Â¯˘ÚÓ‰ ˙�ÂÚ ‡È‰ ÂÊÂ ‰‡Â·˙

.‰ˆ¯È˘ Í¯„ ÏÎ·Â ‰ˆ¯È˘ ‰Ó ÏÎ Ô‰Ó ÏÂÎ‡Ï ¯˙ÂÓ

:wqt d dkldae

‰Ó ÈÙÏ ÏÎ‰ ÁÂÓˆÏÂ ÚÈ¯Ê‰Ï ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ ÂÚÈ‚È˘Ó ,˙Â¯˘ÚÓ‰ ˙�ÂÚ ‡È‰ ÂÊ È‡


39

ÔÈÈÂ‡¯ Ô‰˘ ‰ÓÓ ‰Ú˘˙Ó „Á‡ ÔÓ˘ Â˘ÚÈ˘Ó ÌÈ˙ÈÊ‰ ...„ˆÈÎ ,È¯Ù‰ ‡Â‰˘

Ô‰Ï˘ ˘ÈÏ˘ ‰ÊÂ Â¯Ó‚È˘Î ˙Â˘ÚÏ4.

yilyd zàd aly mizifa irax rhp iably d`xpleaidn ziriyz èd m"anxd itly)

(illkdixt `xwp zifdy alyd èdz` wecal ick okle ,irax rhp zyecw eilr dlge

.zexitd z` llgl jixv mitpr uevwl e` zexitd5

éòáøéòáøéòáøéòáø òèðòèðòèðòèð ïåéãôïåéãôïåéãôïåéãô .â.â.â.â

,dwical gwlpd zife zif lka e` mixiqny spre spr lka zectl ozip `ly oeik

,zewica jxevl mcwend sihwa od shwiy dn lk z` dzrn zectl drvdd dzlr

.eliyai zexitdyk ixgqnd sihwa ode mefiba od

m"anxd wqt(a"d h"t x"pe y"rn 'ld):

ÛÈÒÂÓ ÂÓˆÚÏ Â‰„Ù Ì‡Â ,È�˘ ¯˘ÚÓÎ Â‰„ÂÙ ÈÚ·¯ ÚË� ˙Â„ÙÏ ‰ˆÂ¯‰

ÌÎÏ ÛÈÒÂ‰Ï ¯Ó‡�˘ ¯˘ÚÓ‰ ˙�ÂÚÏ ÂÚÈ‚È˘ „Ú Â˙Â‡ ÔÈ„ÂÙ ÔÈ‡Â ,˘ÓÂÁ

È¯‰Â È�˘ ¯˘ÚÓÎ ¯·ÂÁÓ· Â˙Â‡ ÔÈ„ÂÙ ÔÈ‡Â ,‰‡Â·˙ ‰˘ÚÈ˘ „Ú Â˙‡Â·˙

...¯˘ÚÓÎ ‰Â·‚ ÔÂÓÓ ‡Â‰

:azk f dkldae

Ë˜Ï�‰ ÏÎ ÔÈ¯ÓÂ‡Â ‰ËÓ˘ ˙�˘· ˙ÂÚÓ‰ ˙‡ ÔÈÁÈ�Ó ÂÈ‰ ÔÈÚÂ�ˆ‰Â

Â˙Â„ÙÏ ¯˘Ù‡ È‡ È¯‰˘ ÂÏ‡‰ ˙ÂÚÓ‰ ÏÚ ÏÏÂÁÓ ÂÏ‡ ÈÚ·¯ ˙Â¯ÈÙÓ

.Â�¯‡È·˘ ÂÓÎ ¯·ÂÁÓ·

ici lr e` ici lr irax zexitn hwlpd lky xnele zern gipdl ozip k"è

zexitd jkae ,jk jxevl izgpdy zerna dhext lr llegn `di ipnn miyxend

ixac ìad 'f dklda n"qkdy t"rè .mzyecwa mda rbti `le zern lr ellegi

.4mixtqde edrhd extq `"` .odly yily edfe cr 'eke ony eyriyn mizifd" :biyd c"a`xd

edrhd extqe d`ql oibel 'b oiyery mewna `zipzn bel yily edn ziriay zkqna eply

`xwy dne mewn lka bel xeriyde epixtqa aezky enk xwirde bel yily yily edn `vny

m"anxd zrcy eazk miyxtnd mpn` ."yily e`xw mirxd zenewnd itl yily eze`

.c"a`xd ixacn zxazqn xzei ìde eiptl dzidy zxg` `qxibn zraep

.5dlg irax zyecwy mixaeq miwqet daxd ,zexyrnd zpern wx èd irax rhp oeicty s`

dxrd k 'nre fk dxrd gk 'nr ,e"kyz milyexi ,milelid rhpa zekixà k"r 'ir ,xqeaa s`

.t.i :jxer zxrd .fh


40

daeyz(o"anxl zeqgeind `"ayxd z"eyn)mewna `wec my ,mirepvk `ly xaqy

mzeyxa e` milrad i"r èd shwpd lk o`k la` ,sehwl miyxen mpi` mithewdy

.jka dl`y zxxerzn `l okle

zexit sxvl leki epiè dhext lr llgl jixv zexit mithwpy mrt lky d`xpe

.reay cera ethwiy zexitl dzr ly

m"anxd wqte(f"id i"t zexeq` zelk`n 'ld):

È"‡· ,Í¯·Ó Ô˙Â‡ ÛÒÂ‡˘ ¯Á‡ ,‰Ê‰ ÔÓÊ· ÈÚ·¯ ÚË� ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÔÈ„ÂÙ „ˆÈÎ

ÂÏÈÙ‡Â ÔÏÂÎ ˙‡ ‰„ÂÙ ÍÎ ¯Á‡Â ,ÈÚ·¯ ÚË� ÔÂÈ„Ù ÏÚ Â"·˜‡ ‰"Ó‡

‰ËÂ¯Ù ‰˙Â‡ ÍÈÏ˘ÓÂ ÂÊ ‰ËÂ¯Ù· ÔÈÈÂ„Ù ÂÏ‡ È¯‰ ¯ÓÂ‡Â ˙Á‡ ‰ËÂ¯Ù·

ÏÎ È¯‰ ¯ÓÂ‡Â ˙Â¯Á‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙÓ ‰ËÂ¯Ù ‰Â˘ ÏÚ ÔÏÏÁÓ Â‡ ÁÏÓ‰ ÌÈÏ

‡ ÂÏ‡ ÌÈËÁ ÏÚ ÔÈÏÏÂÁÓ ÂÏ‡‰ ˙Â¯ÈÙ‰Ô‰· ‡ˆÂÈÎÂ ÂÏ‡ ÌÈ¯ÂÚ˘ ÏÚ Â

.˙Â¯ÈÙ‰ ÏÎ ÏÎÂ‡Â ÌÈ¯Á‡Ï ‰Ï˜˙ ÂÈ‰È ‡Ï˘ È„Î Ô˙Â‡ Û¯Â˘Â

eizebyda j"nxde ,jxal jixv zexitd z` dcety iptl k"è(my `"k`n 'ld)

lkeiy icky l"pe .onfl onfn dà ef devny oeik epiigdy mb jxal jixvy azk

rhp zexit dpey`xd mrtay ie`xd on ,cizra oeict lr zepzdl wx `le jxal

àdle okn hwlpd lky zepzdle zectle jxal lkei fè eiptl migpen eidi irax

lk z` llgi dperd seqae .jk jxevl gipdy zerahna dhext lr llegn `di

.'cke xeika sehyie xkeq lr zernd(zexeb` xyrn zegt meid dhexte).


41

oncixt lèi axd

á÷òéá÷òéá÷òéá÷òé áøäáøäáøäáøä ìùìùìùìù åøîàîåøîàîåøîàîåøîàî éìåùáéìåùáéìåùáéìåùáïééèùôàïééèùôàïééèùôàïééèùôà

alya ixtd zhpg iptl èd xcnq byendy heyt xack hwep oiihyt` axd

gxtd èd' :f"n `"t dlxr m"anxd ly dpynd yexit lr jnzqn ède ,gxt ly

èd ,xcnqe' :gt`w axd 'cdnae 'ixtd didi epnny"Á‡˜ÙÏ‡"didi epnn xy`

azek ,c dxrd ,b"d d"t zexifp 'ld ,dxez dpynl ezxecdna gt`w axd mpnè .'ixtd

m` ixnbl xexa `le ,minrnern mixacd z` xi`yn j` ,'g`wtl`' lr zekixà

zligz xg`l `ny e` dhpgd iptle dgixtd alya oiicr èd xcnqy m"anxd zpeek

mixacd ,348 'nr ,1893 oilxa ,gp`'b oa` i"x ly miyxeyd xtqa mb .ixtd zexveiid

mre zliy wgvi axd mr epkxry xexian .o`kle o`kl mipt yie ixnbl mixexa mpi`

xnr xdf 'texte ,gxt dzernyn ziaxra 'g`wt' dlindy xxazn xnr xdf 'text

ialy dzernyn 'g`wt' dlind ,gxtl zlaewnd dlind ìdy 'dxdf'l cebipay siqed

.dgixtd

xcnqdy :bi ,a mixiyd xiya weqtd z` ahid zxàn m"anxd ly ef zepyxt

,gix mipzep1dixtd drvea `l oiicry ,mcwen dk alya iqei 'xl recn oiadl dyw j`

migqt 'nba xàzn sqepa .dlxr xeqià xeqè ,ixt aygp ote` lka ,ixtl xkf oiè

xcnqd mby iqei 'xl opax micen zepli` x`ya j` ,iqei 'xk l"iiw `ly s`y ,a"r ap

.ixt aygp2

.1:bi ,a ,mixiyd xiyl b"qx yexitl gt`w axd ly enebxzl ize` dptd xnr xdf 'text

xcnq miptbde'gix epzp xak.'dhpgl liawn elya xnelk ,

.2h"t y"rn 'ld m"anxd lr r"va x`ypy dpey`x dpyn 'ire ;d w"q b 'iq dlxr `"efg k"ke

.b"id


42

miwleg miaxy i`ceea ,ixnbl dxexa dpi` m"anxd ixaca zepyxtd xen`ky s`

jk .xqead oial dhpgd oiay alya ,ixtd zexveeid zligza èd xcnqdy mixaeqe

dfn df milcaen miaprde gxtd ltepyk ± xcnq miptbde' :zenewn dnka i"yx yxtn

.'xcnq iexw dnvrl dapr lk mixkipe3oiè' :h"n `"t dlxr y"`xe y"x eyxit oke

;o"xd yxit oke .'...xcnq ocera mixnz ode dlxr ly zeiptk ea yiy xegii ...oiaikxn4

;ixi`n5.mgexi epiax6:w"cxl miyxeyd xtq azk oke7èd xcnqd'miwcd miaprd

egxty xg`lmdy mixenb mdyke oiicr mixenb mpi` la` miaprd mixkipy cin

.'miapr e`xwii mleyia xg`le xqea e`xwii mleyia mcew oald letk8

.3i"yx ;efg` d"c eh a mixiyd xiy i"yx r"re ;xcnq miptbde d"c ,bi a mixiyd xiy i"yx

d"c `"r ai dheq i"yx ;xcnq d"c a"r el zekxa i"yx ;xcnqd gzt d"c ,bi f mixiyd xiy

.xcnq d"c a"r eh zegpn i"yx ;xcnq d"c `"r hp w"a ;epl efg`

.4.(xcnq z`ved d"c) zexit gipnd d"c ,s"ixd itcn a cenr eh sc oihib s"ixd lr o"x

.5;ly micwa d"c ,`"r `l oihib ,my ;èd xcnq d"c ,`"r bp migqt ,ixi`nl dxigad zia

.mipaxd ipexg` d"c ,a"r hk f"r ,my

.6.ipyd wlgd d"c a xeh frw sc a wlg `k aizp dege mc` zeclez

.7.bvz 'nr ,1847 ipilexa) xcnq jxr ,w"cxl miyxyd xtq

.8b"dxd ,v"ly`xl ,dnly mxk ;fh 'iq `"g sqei zpyn z"ey cer d`x ,xcnqd zxcbd oiipra

irax rhp zexitn mihpg zxqd' ,aehig` ced` axd ly exn`nle ,a 'iq `"g ,x`nr dnly

.21-15 'nr ,43 jizr zpen` 'dxikn xzid ly


43

oncixt lèi axd

ìòôîáìòôîáìòôîáìòôîá äìçäìçäìçäìç úùøôäúùøôäúùøôäúùøôä


zyxtd lr oen`y gibyn yi ,mipey mibeqn zebere mgl mixviiny lecb lrtna

zexyt` oi` ,oky oeeik .dlila dgbydl owz mdl oi` j` ,meid zery lka dlg

dlg yixtdl xyt` m`d ìd dl`yd .dlila zexveiny zeqird lr dlg yixtdl

.dlila epkedy zeqird lk lr xweaa

äáåùúäáåùúäáåùúäáåùú

mixveiny zeberde mgld ibeq lk lr xweaa dlg yixtdl dira oi` oexwira

.xak et`p el` m` s` ,dlila1zg`n edylk yixtdl gibynd leki ok enk

ic f"dfa oky ,dlila dt`py dn lk lr dpnn yixtdle ,xweaa miyly zeqird

lk lr edylk yixti gibyndy jka ic oexwira okle ,dlgl edylk zyxtda

.zeqird2.oldlcke mi`pz dnka z`f biiql yiy `l`

.`cg` oinn dqirn yixtdl xyt` i`(dhig lynl)xg` oinn dqir lr(dxery).

.azeievn dlild jyna et`py zeqird llk jxcae ,'swend on' yixtdl yi

.'swend on' epiè ,weeiy z`xwl mipqgna

.b.oldlcke mipey minrh mda yiy zeqira dyxtd ly dira yi

.1.d 'irq fky 'iq c"ei r"ey

.2.zifk yixtdl ebdpe ;d 'irq aky 'iq c"ei `"nx


44

zeweeyny zei`ynd m` wx iyrn èd ,xweaa gibynd ly dyxtdd ly oexztd

z` rvan èdy xg`le gibynd zrbd xg`l xweaa weeiyd z` zeligzn zxvezd z`

zelral zxaer ìd if` ,dcril dribn zxvezde ,dlila rvazn weeiyd m` .dyxtdd

dpigan zkaeqn ìd dyxtdd df dxwna .miihxt miyp` ly e` zeiepgd ilra ly

.'eipta `ly mc`l oikf' oicn dliren ìde ,zizkld3oiipern epi` okxvd m` okl

ly dqirn zrvazn dyxtdd m` mb exear dlg yixtdl zexyt` oi` dyxtda

.ely dqirn `le lrtnd4xtqn itl dqir zekizg dlila yixtdl ,èd jkl oexztd

lk lr legz dlgdy oteà ,mi`zn 'dyxtd gqep' xagle ,dlila eyeliy zeqird

.dzyil miizqzzy zra dqir5

éòáéòáéòáéòá äùøôääùøôääùøôääùøôä .à.à.à.àíéðåùíéðåùíéðåùíéðåù íéðéîîíéðéîîíéðéîîíéðéîî úåñúåñúåñúåñ

mgl ibeq yiy oebk ,gnw ly mipey mibeqn mixvein mingld e` zeberd m`

leki epi` gibynde ,mitxhvn md oi` if` ,oetiyn e` dxeryn mixgè dhign

.lkd lr zg` dqirn yixtdl6cg`d mitxhvn dèazd ipiny mixwn yi mpn`

.etebl dxwn lk lr oecl jixv okle ,cky 'iq c"ei r"eya xèank xg`d mr7

'ó÷åîä'ó÷åîä'ó÷åîä'ó÷åîä ïî'ïî'ïî'ïî' äùøôääùøôääùøôääùøôä .á.á.á.á

dirad ,dlila epkedy zeqird lk lr xweaa yixtdl dvex gibyndy dxwna

miiccv mixcgl eqpked xak mit`nd ibeqe zeqird llk jxcay ìd zxxerzny

zwelgn yi .'swend on' dpi` gibynd ly ezyxtde ,weeiye dfix` oein jxevl

.3'nr hxtae ,290-255 'nr ,b ux`de dxezd ,'zegily `ll iepin' ,lìx` lìxfr axd 'ir

.275-255

.4iyext`l qxhpew ,ziriay ,ux` ipcrn ;g w"q bnx 'iq oyegd zevw ;gtw 'iq c"dxz 'ir

.` 'iq ,`xeqi`n

.5'iq i`nc ,yi` oefgd zrcl j` ,12 dxrde 149 'nr ,a ux`de dxezd ,lìx` awri axd 'ir

pic ik ,dliren dpi` efk dyxtd ,ci w"q hìd zelgdy i"tr` ,dxixa jxca dyxtdk d

.eiykrn `le dyild onfa

.6.a 'irq cky 'iq c"ei r"ey

.7dqira j` ;mixg`d dèazd ipinn cg`n dieyry dqir mr dhig ly dqirn yixtdl oi`

.jtidle mixery lr lrey zleaiyn miyixtn oke ,f"rfn miyixtn oetiye oinqek ly


45

.opaxcn e` `ziixe`cn ìd 'swend on' dyxtdd zaeg m` miwqetd8swen oic

,'xeriyk' dqira yi xy`k ,dlg zyxtda izaiigzd xaky xg`l èdjixv

'miixiy'd cil x`yiz yixtn ip` dze`y dlgdymivex mze`y mit`nde zeqird =)

(dyxtda owzl.'my zìxw' zrya

,'swen'l zepey zexcbd miwqeta opyi9cva z`vnp 'dlg'd m`y i`cee j`

oi` ,xebq xcga lrtnd ly xg` cva miievn mit`nde zeqirde lrtnd ly cg`

zeqirde dliren dyxtdd 'swend on `l'y eyixtd m` mb mpn` .'swend on' df

on' `ly yixtdl dligzkl xzen wgcd zrya k"r xzi .lah mpi` mit`nde

,'swend10oi` mbe ,dlila gibynl owz siqedl zexyt` oi` m` c"cpa okle

ezeà epkedy mit`nde zeqird cil didz efy oteà dlgd z` yixtdl zexyt`

.lrtnd on lah zxvez `vz `ly calae 'swend on' `ly mb yixtdl xzen ,dlil

íéðåùíéðåùíéðåùíéðåù íéîòèáíéîòèáíéîòèáíéîòèá íéôàîíéôàîíéôàîíéôàî ìùìùìùìù äùøôääùøôääùøôääùøôä .â.â.â.â

,mipey minrha zeqir miyl xy`k ìd ,oecl mivex ep` dilr zifkxnd dirad

oteà ,mipey mipilaz oda yiy zeqir e` zegeln zexg`de zewezn owlgy oebk

dklyd ef dl`yl .zxgà rbiz zg` dqiry mivex `le ,cal dqir lk mipikny

z` yixtdl daegd èd 'swen' oic ,lirl xen`k .'sexiv' oicl ode 'swen' oicl od

,z`f znerl .miixiyd cil didz ìdy oteà ,xeriy da yiy dqirn dlgd

ìd sexiv oic zernyndlga zeaiig opiè xeriyk zg` lka oi`y zeqir yiyk,

zaiig xyè xeriy dl yiy zg` dqirl zeqird z` miaiygn ep` ,sexivd ici lre

zeqird oia xeaig ly mipte` dyely mpyi .dlga(lwd l` cakd on)sexiv ,dkiyp :

.8.184-167 'nr ,a ux`de dxezd 'ir ,f"dfa swen oic lr

.9.249-239 'nr ,oerny znexz ,'zexyrne zenexza swend on zxcbd' epxn`na 'ir

.10.dk 'irq `ly 'iq c"ei r"ey ;ixd d"c ,a"r ehw w"a 'qez ;`l` d"c ,a"r bv zenai 'qez

oica f"dfa lwdl yiy xaqy ,169-168 'nr ,a ux`de dxezd ,il`xyi y"xbd xn`na 'ire

a"g 'b 'cdn ,zrce mrh aeh z"ey :xbelw dnly axd 'ir jci`n ;184-167 'nr y"ire ,swen

,dlgay ,ztwne d"c 'qeza d"c `"r f dcp ,dcp in 'qe ,(158 'nr ,q"xz `wx`w) ctw 'iq

.carica elit` ipdn `l ,swend on `ly yixtd m`


46

,r"ekl dliren dkiyp ;dribpe ,lq11,mi`pz zwelgn yi lq sexiv iabl12dribpe

.miwqetd aex zrcl ,sexiv oiiprl dliren dpi`13exkfed l"pd xeaigd ipte` zyely

efià dl`yd iable ,'sexiv' oicl 'swen' oic oiay qgid iabl .swen oic iabl mb

izy oiay ybtnd zcewp .oldl k"r ,xzei wecd xeaig yxcp zekldd izy oian

zg` lka m` ;zexg` zeqir lr zg` dqirn yixtn mc`y dxwna èd zekldd

lk cil didz dlgdy jixvy xen`l ,'swen' oic èd `yepd ,xeriy yi zeqird on

`yepd ,xeriy zeqird on zg` lka oi` m` .owzl dvex èd oze` zeqird x`y

xeriyk da yiy zg` dqirk eaygii zeqird lky jixvy xen`l ,'sexiv' oic èd

.dlga aiigzdl ick

ïéãìïéãìïéãìïéãì 'óåøéö''óåøéö''óåøéö''óåøéö' ïéãïéãïéãïéã ñçéåñçéåñçéåñçéå úáåøòúäúáåøòúäúáåøòúäúáåøòúä ìòìòìòìò ãéô÷îãéô÷îãéô÷îãéô÷î ïéãïéãïéãïéã .1.1.1.1

'ó÷åî''ó÷åî''ó÷åî''ó÷åî'

zegt zeqir yell gqt iptl ebdp miypy zxne` ,a"r gn ,migqt 'nbd

jnq lr dlga zeaiig od k"trè ,uenig icil eribi `l zeqirdy ick ,xeriykn

xne` xfril` 'x jci`n .dlgl sxvn lqdy ,c"n a"t dlg dpyna xfril` 'x ixac

dqird on yixtdl yi ,d`nh dqire dxedh dqir yi m`y ,g"n a"t dlg ,dpyna

zegt day dkizg dxedhd dqird on zgwle dxedhdz` wiacdle ,'dviak'n

jkl xaqdd .ipyd dcvn d`nhd dqird oke l"pd dkizgl dlgde dxedhd dqird

dqirde dlgd oiè ,oilkeà d`nhn dpi` dviakn zegt ly xeriya dkizgy èd

dl`yd .'swend on' dyxtd jka yi jci`ne ,d`nhd dqird on ze`nhp dxedhd

,xfril` 'xc àil` ìd14liren lq sexiv cgn recn(c"n a"t dlg)iabl jci`ne ,

d`nh dqire dxedh dqir(g"n a"t dlg)zegt ly dqir i"r dwacd rivd èd

`la cg` lqa ze`nhde zexedhd zeqirde dlgd z` sxvl did sicr .dviakn

:mivexiz ipy evxiz zetqezd ilra ?zxgà zg`d erbi ody

.11oeyll dincw`d 'cdn) d"d b"t dlg ,inlyexia ewlgp yiwl yixe opgei 'xe ,c"n a"t dlg

.opaxc e` `ziixe`c oic edf m` (5-4 'ey ,325 'nr ,zixard

.12.my ,dlg dpyn

.13.dkiyp `la s` ztxvn dribpy drcl yyeg ,gl w"q fpz 'iq g"e` miigd sk 'qa

.14g dcp 'nba xfril` 'xk dkld dwqtp 'lq sexiv' iabl ,ezenk dkld oi` llk jxcay s`

f"t m"anxd zrcl :mipey`xd jka ewlgp dviakn zegt ìdy dkizgd zwacd iable ,`"r

.minkgk l"iiw ,my c"a`xd zrcle ,xfril` 'xk l"iiw a"id


47

.`swen oic oia dpgad eyr(g"n lirl ,xeriyk zeqira yiy dxwna)sexiv oicldxwna)

(c"n lirl ,xeriyk zeqird on zg` lka oi`y'sexiv'a wx liren 'lq sexiv' .(c"n)j` ,

dkiyp mb jixv `l` lq sexiva ic oi` swen oicl(g"n).15

.azexedh zeqird lky dxwn oia epigad(c"n)dqire d`nh dqir yiy dxwn oial

dxedh(g"n)zexedh zeqira liren lq sexiv .(c"n)zexedh zeqir yiyk j` ,

ze`nh zeqire(g"n)jixv `l` lq sexiva ic oi` okle ,'ozaexrz lr citwn' ,

.xfril` 'x ly ezrvdke dkiyp16

.dletk ìd mivexizd ipy oia n"tpd

.swen oic oial sexiv oic oiay qgia ewlgp md .òicn xeng swen oic '` drcl

sexivoiiprl ,dlga miaiigzn xak yelw xeaigae lq sexiva ic sexiv oiiprly cera .

.dkiyp e` dribp :iynn xeaig jixv swenswen oicn xeng sexiv oic 'a drclick ik ,

oiiprl j` ,dkiyp e` dribp zegtl jixv jk jxevle ,zg` dqir aygiiy jixv sxvl

sexiva ic jk myle ,miixiyd cil didz dlgdy e` eipta eidi zeqirdy jka ic swen

.lq

'a uexiz itl .'ezaexrz lr citwn' oic yi dxwn dfià ztqep n"tp yiy okzii .a

,inlyexid on di`x miìan ef drc ilrae ,swena elit` citwn oic yi17lr lèyy

dqird zwacda jxev yi recn xen`l '?sxhvn ziad oiè' :'g dpyna xfril` 'x

zexedhe ze`nh zeqiray aiyn inlyexide ?lqd e` ziad sexiva ic ,dviakn zegtl

itl xnel mewn did .ziad sexiv e` lqd sexiv liren `l okle ,ezaexrz lr citwn

.15'nr ,`"g xviaeht` 'cdn) eqw 'iq d"ia`x k"ke ;(132 'nr ,a"pxz `plie) gnw 'iq mi`xi 'q

'q ;(173-172 'nr) er 'iq ,lhpfex 'cdn ,z"x zeaeyz ,xyid xtq 'ir j` ;z"x mya (174-173

.hvwz 'iq migqt ikcxn 'ire ;'` uexiza c"n a"t dlg y"x ;'` uexiza `t 'iq dnexzd

xeriy oi`yk) sexivl wx liren lq sexivy xaeqe oeeik ezeà jled [`"aixl cebipa] i"x

`"r en migqt `"ayxd 'qez ;lièd d"c a"r en migqt 'qez :'ire ;swenl `le (zeqira

d"c `"r f dcp 'qez ;(kw-hiw 'nr ,mine`z uiaepiax cec edil` 'xd 'cdn) lièd d"c

.(et 'nr ,uiytil 'cdn) a"r l dheq y"`x 'qeza '` uexiz ;ztwne

.16àen oke .wgvi 'x mya (giw 'nr ,xbpifly 'cdn) `nw dyr b"nq ;a uexiz ,my dnexzd 'q

oke ,b uexiza ,c"n a"t dlg y"xd .'b uexiza ,my dheq y"`x 'qez ;my dcp 'qezl ddbda

zephw zekld ;a"in b"t y"rn ;c"n a"t dlg :y"`x ;i`ny zia d"c a"in b"t y"rn y"x

.my migqt 'qeza `"aix zrcl rnyn oke ;c ze` dlg 'ld

.17.25-22 'ey ,321 'nr ,zixard oeyll dincw`d 'cdn ,b"d a"t dlg inlyexi


48

`diy ick j` ,xeriyk oda oi`y zeqir sxvl mivexyk wx èd citwn oicy ,'` uexiz

lr citwny ol ztk` `l okle ,zeaxern zeidl zekixv opi` zeqird ,swend on

dctwdd sexiva mè ,sexivn xeng swen df uexiz itl ik ,okzii `l df j` .ezaexrz

xnel yi okl .swen ded `l citwn xy`ky e"w ,sexivd on zrxeboi`y '` uexiz itl

swena ode sexiva od citwn oic yi 'a uexiz itle ,zaexrzd lr citwn oic llk,

yi r"ekly ,jtdl xiaqn ,` w"q eky 'iq ,sqkd zecewpa mpnè .inlyexia xèank

'od zecitwn miyp izy' `nzqay ,`"n c"t dpyna xèank ,sexiva citwn oic18

zctwdy eixac ly `vend zcewp j` .swena citwn oicl qgia wx ewlgp mipyxtde

ipy oia oigad ,c w"q eky 'iq ,`"xbd xeìaa j` ,zaexrzd lr dctwdl deey miyp

dxeyw dpiè ,wlgl n"r dqir yl oick ìd miyp zctwdy xiaqde ,zectwdd ibeq

wxy ,htw 'iq z"ey ,oycd znexz ixac exàzi f"itl .zaexrz lre dribp lr dctwdl

zercd aexl:citwn oic yi

„ÈÙ˜Ó ÔÈ· ˜ÏÁÏ ‡¯·Ò ÔÈ‡„ È¯·Ò È‡„Â ‡‰ ‡Ï‡ ,‰ÎÂÙ‰ ‡¯·Ò ÔÈ‡„ ‰‡¯�Â

ÈÙË ÏÈ˜„ ‡È‰ ‡¯·Ò‰ È‡„Â Ê‡ ˜ÏÁÏ ˘È Ì‡„ Â„ÂÓ Ï·‡ ,„ÈÙ˜Ó Â�È‡Ï

‰ÒÈÚ‰ ˙Â˘ÚÏ ‰ÏÁ ·ÂÈÁÏ ÂÙ¯ˆÏÓ Û˜ÂÓ‰ ÔÓ ·˘ÁÈ˘ ÔÈ�ÚÏ ,ÈÏÎ‰ ÛÂ¯Èˆ

...˙Á‡˙Á‡ ‰˘‡ 'ÈÙ‡ „ÈÙ˜Ó‰ ¯·„·Â ˜ÏÁÏ ˘È„ È¯·Ò ˙ÂÚÈ„‰ ·Â¯Â

È�‰Ó ‡Ï...‰ÎÈ˘� 'ÈÙ‡

zexaeq zercd aex wxy azk recn ,oycd znexz lr dnz sqkd zecewpae

j` .miyp izya dpyna xn`py itk ,sexiv oi` citwnyk r"ekl ixd ,zakrn dctwdy

izya citwn oice ,zaexrzd lr citwn oic oi` '` uexizly xaeq ,oycd znexz ,xen`k

.lirclke xg` oic èd miyply oic yi zercd aexly ,oycd znexz ly ezpwqne

'a uexizk l"iiw ik ,zaexrzd lr citwn.

'óñëä'óñëä'óñëä'óñëä úåãå÷ð'úåãå÷ð'úåãå÷ð'úåãå÷ð' éøáãéøáãéøáãéøáã úééçãúééçãúééçãúééçã .2.2.2.2

l`yp ,my ,oycd znexz19mekxk yi zgà ,zeqir izy dyly dy` zece`

lr zeqird z` sxvl xyt` m`d ± xeriyk odn zg` lka oiè ,oi` ± zxgàe

.dkiyp ici

.18.16-15 'ey ,326 'nr ,zixard oeyll dincw`d 'cdn ,`"d c"t dlg inlyexi

.19x`y illk ,ik`ln ci 'ir ,zel`yd z` azk envr c"dz oky ,daeyza enk dl`ya wiicl yi

.(gqwz 'nr ,`"qyz xeyin) fl ze` ,mixagnd


49

zegt lhepe' ,ze`nh zeqire zexedh zeqiray epcnl 'g dpynay lèy èd

èd jci`n .zaexrzd lr citwny i"tr` zetxhvn zeqird dkiypd i"re 'dviakn

xehd ixacn giken(eky 'iq c"ei)dkiyp e` dribpydliren dpi`.citwny dxwna

:sexiv oicl swen oic oia oigan èd okl

ÏÚ „ÈÙ˜Ó„ ‚"Ú‡ ‰ÏÁ ¯ÂÚÈ˘ ˘È Â‰ÈÈÂ¯˙·„ ‡ÎÈ‰ È‡„Â„ ˜ÏÁÏ ‰‡¯�Â

‰˙¯·Á ˙‡ ˙Á‡Ó ¯ÂËÙÏ È„Î ‰ÚÈ‚� 'ÈÙ‡ Â‡ ‰ÎÈ˘� È�‰Ó Â˙·Â¯Ú˙

‰¯Â‰ËÂ ‰‡ÓË ‰ÒÈÚ„ ‡È‰‰ È¯ÈÈ‡ ‡‰·Â .ÈÎ‰· Û˜ÂÓ‰ ÔÓ ¯ÈÙ˘ ·È˘Á„

‰ÎÈ˘� È�‰Ó ‡Ï„ ÏÈÚÏ Ô�È¯Ó‡„ ‡‰ Ï·‡ ,‰ÏÁ ¯ÂÚÈ˘ ˘È Â‰ÈÈÂ¯˙·„

ÔÈ‡·Â ,‰ÏÁ ¯ÂÚÈ˘ ˙Á‡ ÏÎ· ÔÈ‡˘ È¯ÈÈ‡ Â˙·Â¯Ú˙ ÏÚ „ÈÙ˜Ó‰ ¯·„·

ÏÚ „ÈÙ˜ÓÂ ÏÈ‡Â‰„ ,‰ÎÈ˘� È�‰Ó ‡Ï ‚"‰Î ‰ÏÁ· Ì·ÈÈÁÏ È„Î ÌÙ¯ˆÏ

.‰ÏÁ· Â·ÈÈÁÏ ˙Á‡ ‰ÒÈÚÎ ‰·È˘Á‰ÏÂ ˙Â˘ÚÏ Â�È„È· Â�Ï ÔÈ‡ Â˙·Â¯Ú˙

'a uexiz zxaqda lirl epàdy itk xiaqn oycd znexzjixv sexiv oicay ,

oiiprl j` .lirez `l dkiyp ,zaexrzd lr citwn m` okle ,zg` dqir didzy

citwn m` mb ,eiptl eidi zeqirdy jka ice ,zg` dqir didzy jxev oi`y swen

.dkiyp dliren

ycgn mb èd l"pd daeyzalr citwn aygp mipey minrh ilra zeqiray

zaexrzd:l"fe ,ze`nhe zexedh zeqira wx `le

˜ÈÙÒÓ ÌÂÎ¯Î‰ ÔÈ‡„ ,‡Â‰ Ô˙·Â¯Ú˙ ÏÚ „ÈÙ˜Ó È‡„Â„ „"�· ‡˙˘‰ÓÂ

¯·„·Â ˜ÏÁÏ ˘È„ È¯·Ò ˙ÂÚÈ„‰ ·Â¯Â ,˙ÂÒÈÚ‰ È˙˘Ï ‡ÓÚËÂ ‡˙ÂÊÁ·

ÔÈ‡ ,ÏÈÚÏ ‡�¯È¯·„Î ‰ÎÈ˘� 'ÈÙ‡ È�‰Ó ‡Ï ˙Á‡ ‰˘‡ 'ÈÙ‡ „ÈÙ˜Ó‰

.‰ÏË·Ï ‰Î¯· ÈÂ‰„ Ì·ÈÈÁÏ È„Î ‰ÎÈ˘�· ÂÏÈÙ‡Â ‡¯ÓÂÁÏ ÂÏÈÙ‡ ÔÙ¯ˆÏ

d`xne mrh z` yilgi zeqird aexir zeqird izyl oilaz ic oi`y oeeik

aiigl ick zeqird z` sxvl oi` okle ,citwn aygp df dxwna i`cee okle ,oilazd

.dlhal ìd dkxad jxai mè ,dlga

la`' :siqene ,dkldl oycd znexz ixac z` ìan ,` 'irq eky 'iq `"nxd

r"eyl f"hd .'cg` mc` ly od m` dzxag lr zg`n yixtn xeriy oda yi m`

`l xeriy oi` xy`ky ,oycd znexz zpeeky `"nxd ixac lr xirn ,` w"q my

.l"pd dxwna zeqird z` sxvl xyt` iè ,citwn ly dxwna dkiyp dliren

xeriy yiykoic z` ixnbl zlxhpn dpi` dctwdd if` ,swen wx èd oecipde

,swenswen aygiiy ick dkiyp dliren oklej"yd .[yeald lr f"hd wleg dfae]

:zeprh yely orehe ,yeald z` ayiil 'wgcp' ,` w"q my ,sqkd zecewpa


50

.dkiyp jixv oiè dribpa icy mipey`xa ep`vn swen oic iabl .`

.ok mixaeqy mipey`x ìan jkl mbe ,citwn oic oi` swena .a

d`neh ly dctwda wx edf ,swena citwn oic yiy mixaeqy mipey`xd mb .b

.dctwd dpi` minrh ilcadn zraepy dctwd j` ,dxdhe

dnexzd xtqa ode oycd znexza ody èd oekp ,dpey`xd dcewpd iabl mpnè

zeprh iabl j` .ef dcewpa wiic `l f"hdy okziie ,dkiyp `le dribp eaiig 'qezae

'b -e 'a(lirl),mi`xi 'q ixacn zei`x ìan èd ik ,midenz mi`xp j"yd ixac ,

.swena citwn oic oi`y '` uexiz itl [15 dxrda exkfedy] 'qeze y"x ,dnexzd 'q

a uexiz lr miiepa oycd znexz ixac lk j`'20swenn xeng sexivyixac lre ,

micitwn ik d`nhd efl dxedhd dqird oia 'dviak'n zegt gipiy l"pd inlyexid

.`cixb lq sexiv ici lr swen epiè mzaexrz lr

zrck exeìaa hwep ,g w"q rvn` dky 'iq oke d w"q ,my r"eyl `"xbd mb

,f"hdswena citwn oic yiyyiy dxwnay `"nxd ixac z` biiql yi okle ,

calae 'dzxag lr zg`n yixtn' xeriyk zeqira yie ,mipey mipilaz ilra zeqir

.zxgà zg`d ekypi e` erbi zeqirdy

äñéòîäñéòîäñéòîäñéòî äùøôäáäùøôäáäùøôäáäùøôäá íâíâíâíâ 'óåøéö''óåøéö''óåøéö''óåøéö' ïéãïéãïéãïéã êéøöùêéøöùêéøöùêéøöù íéøáåñäíéøáåñäíéøáåñäíéøáåñä .3.3.3.3

øåòéùøåòéùøåòéùøåòéù úçàúçàúçàúçà ìëáìëáìëáìëá ùéùëùéùëùéùëùéùë äúøáçäúøáçäúøáçäúøáç ìòìòìòìò úçàúçàúçàúçà

yiy mixwna èd sexiv oicy c"dze `"nxd ixack dkldl mihwep ep` mpn`

didz dyxtddy wx jixv xeriyk oda yiyk z`f znerle ,xeriyk oda oi`y zeqir

mpi` eixacl reiqk 'sqkd zecewp' ìany mi`xid 'qe dnexzd 'q j` .swend on

lkn yixtdl jixv xeriyk zeqird on zg` lka yi xy`k mb mzrcl .ok mixaeq

azek jk .sexiv jixv zxg`d lr zg`d on yixtdl mivex mè ,dnvr ipta dqir

zenewn dnka dnexzd 'q(at 'iqn hehiv oldl ,at ,`t 'iq):

‰ÓÎ „Ú ˜¯ÙÂ ‰ˆÈ·„ ˜"Ù Ï‡ÂÓ˘ '‡ ‡‰ ÈÏÎ· Ô�˙ÈÏ ÍÈ¯ˆ ‰ÓÏ ˙"‡Â

˙˙Ï ‡Â‰ ˙ÂÏÈ‚¯ ‰Ê‰ ÔÓÊ·Â ˘È¯ÙÓ Î"Á‡Â ÏÎÂ‡ ı¯‡Ï ‰ˆÂÁ ˙ÓÂ¯˙

˙·ÁÓ· ˙ÂˆÓ‰ ÏÎ¯ÂÚÈ˘Î ‰„·Ï ˙Á‡Â ˙Á‡ ÏÎ· ˘È˘ Ù"Ú‡Ï"È

.20dxaqd oi`c d`xpe' xiaqne ,dketd ìd dxaqd '` uexiz itly okzii ji` dnz okle

'...dketd


51

ÛÂÒ·Ï ¯È‡˘È˘ ËÚÓ „·Ï ÏÎ‰ ÏÎÂ‡ „ÁÈ ‰˘ÂÏ� ‡È‰˘ ‰ÒÈÚ È‡„Â„

ı¯‡Ï ‰ˆÂÁ ˙ÓÂ¯˙· Û˜ÂÓ ˆ"‡˘ ‰ÏÁ Ì˘ ÂÏ ‡¯˜ÈÂ¯ÂËÙÏ È„Î Ï·‡

ÛÂ¯Èˆ ÍÈ¯ˆ ˙ÂˆÓ ‰·¯‰ ÏÚ ˙Á‡ÓÔÏÂÎ „ÁÈ ˙ÚÈ‚� ‡Ó˘ Ì‚Â

,gnw 'iq mi`xi 'qa rnyn oke21d"c a"r en ,migqt `"ayxd 'qeze 'qezae

lièd(kw 'nr ,z"xc`d 'cdn):22

È„Î ‰ÏÈÁ˙Ó ‰È‰˘ Ù"Ú‡„ È"˘¯ ˘Â¯ÈÙ ÍÂ˙Ó ÚÓ˘Ó„ È·¯ ¯ÓÂ‡ „ÂÚÂ

ÏÚ ˙Á‡Ó ˘È¯Ù‰Ï ÈÏÎ ÛÂ¯Èˆ Ô�ÈÚ· Ó"Ó ˙Á‡Â ˙Á‡ ÏÎ· ‰ÏÁ ·ÂÈÁ

...ÂÏ˘ ˜ÒÙ· ·˙Î˘ ‰Ó ÍÂ˙Ó ÚÓ˘Ó ÔÎÂ ,ÂÏÂÎ

mzhiyl xexa `l mpnè(mi`xi 'q caln)sexivd `la yixtiy dxwna m`d

okziie .dligzkl wx ìd sexivd zaegy ,mzrcl okziie ,carica akri df l"pd

`ny yyeg ik ,sexiva jxevd z` xiaqny ,my ,dnexzd 'q zxaqn rnyn jky

:xeriyk zeqira oi`

‰˙¯·Á ˙‡ ˙Á‡Ó ¯ÂËÙÈ˘ È„Î ‡„È¯‚ ‰ÚÈ‚�· È‚Ò È‡ ÔÏ ‡˜ÙÒÓ Í‡

ÔÈ‡Â ‰ÙÈ ‰„„Ó ‡Ï ‡Ó˘„ ÌÂ˘Ó Ó"Ó ...¯ÂÚÈ˘Î ˙Á‡ ÏÎ· ˘È˘ ÔÂÂÈÎ

ÈÏÎ· ÔÏÂÎ Ì�˙ÈÏ ÔÂÎ�Â ·ÂË ˙Á‡ ÏÎ· ¯ÂÚÈ˘(ilk sexv 'v)ÏÚ ¯ÂËÙÏ

...‰˙¯·Á ˙‡ ˙Á‡

elit` lirei `l sexiv `la if` ,zaexrzd lr citwny c"cpay okzii j`

ik .dlecb ìd el` zehiy oial lirl f"hd ixac oia dipin `wtpd f"itle .carica

on' didiy ick dkiypa e` dribpa jxev yi c"dzc àil` f"hd zrcly cera

yiy dxwna mby el` zehiy itl j` .lirlcke dliren dyxtdd carica ,'swend

lr citwn m` ,zxg`d lr zg`d on yixtdl ick sexiv jixv xeriyk zeqira

.dliren dpi` dyxtdd ± ozaexrz

.21xg` ilk ici lr otxhvne oziit` xg`l ilka opzepe gqta zevn gwelde' :my azk oke

swen oicn wx epi` sexivd i`ceeae ,'opaxc lah lkeè dyer oick `ly xeriyk dyelipy

.eixac lr dnzy ,my xyid 'qa 'ir j` ?opaxcn lah lkì carica recn k"`y

.22'nr ,c"n a"t my ;142 dxrd seq ,cnx 'nr h"n `"t ,dlg ,cenlzd iyxtn xveà cer 'ir

.101 dxrd `nz 'nr ,g"n a"t my ;36 dxrd ,aqy


52


.`zrbl zekixv zeqird ,mipey minrh ilra zeqiray f"hd zrck hewpl yi dkldl

.swend on didiy ick zxgà zg`d

.a.swend on `ly yixtdl mb xyt` swend on yixtdl zexyt` oi`yk oexwira

.raw ly zeipicnl caric ly zekld jetdl `ly xdfidl yi ,z`f mr23

.bz` sxvl yi ,zxg` lr zg` dqirn dyxtday zexaeqy zerc yi xen`ky oeeik

.otexiv lr xzei citwdl yi mipey minrh ilra zeqir ly dxwna ,zeqird

.cxzen dlwz ly yyg yie ,cal dt`n ly beq lkn yixtdl zexyt` oi` m`

.dt`nd e` zeqird lk lr cg` dt`nn e` zg` dqirn yixtdl

.dmipey mipinn dt`n ibeq yi m`('ecke oetiy ,dxery ,dhign)yixtdl zexyt` oi`

.envr ipta oin lk lr yixtdl yi `l` lkd lr cg` dt`nn e` zg` dqirn

.23.10 dxrd lirl 'ir


53

aehig` ced` axd

äàðääàðääàðääàðä íùìíùìíùìíùì äëçáäëçáäëçáäëçá âééãâééãâééãâééã

:äéòáä:äéòáä:äéòáä:äéòáä úâöäúâöäúâöäúâöä

;dkg zervnà biica zeqpzdl mixwanl mirivnd uiwa ytep ixz` mpyi

dl`yd .dkixal eze` mixifgne dkgdn eze` mixxgyn dkga qtzp bcdy xg`le

xeqi` jka yiy e` ok zeyrl xzen m`d ìd?"ÌÈÈÁ-ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"

:äîã÷ä:äîã÷ä:äîã÷ä:äîã÷ä

y zeixad ita xebyd reci byen"‡˙ÈÈ¯Â‡„ ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"aex zrc jk okè

xeqi`y miwqetd"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"dxez xeqi` èd1dxq`yk m`d ìd dl`yd .

.1miig ilra xrv :cnlp mdipy ixacn :àx xn`" :(a"r al `rivn-àa) 'nbd oeyl i"tr

miig ilra xrv" xeqi`y dpwqna jk zx`yp 'nbd mipey`xdn wlg zrcl ."...`ziixe`c

,(xrve d"c a"r gkw zay) `"ahixd ,(oiprle d"c `"r bl n"a) `"ayxd :eazk ok ,"dxezd on

zay) 'nbd ixacn ewiic mb jk .(dnn d"c a"r al n"a ,dnda d"c a"r gkw zay) ixi`nd

gipne zezqke mixk ìan - mind zn`l dltpy dnda :ax xn` dcedi ax xn`" :(a"r gkw

lhan"y oeeik j` ,"epkidn ilk lhan" èd jkay zexnl ."...dzlr - dzlr mè ,dizgz

."opaxc igce `ziixe`c izè ,`ziixe`c - miig ilra xrv" xeqi` j` ,"opaxc ± epkidn ilk

epiax ,(lk mre d"c hk ,` ziy`xal eyexitae ,xnel yie d"c `"r bl n"a) o"anxd eazk oke

itca `"r `p zay) s"ix ,(aefrz aefr d"c d ,bk zeny ,jxaie d"c gk ,` ziy`xa) iiga

'iq a wxt n"a ,b 'iq gi wxt zay) y"`x ,(xrv d"c my) o"x ,(dcedi ax xn` d"c s"ixd

'iq n"eg) r"nqd cnl oke ,(b"id b"it ytpd zxinye gvex 'ld) m"anxd zrca n"qk ,(hk


54

xeqià ellkp mibcd mb ,miig ilra xrvl dxez"ÌÈÈÁ-ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"zpizp m`d ok enk ?

?xrv mdl znxeb ok` mibcd ita dkgd

íééç-éìòáíééç-éìòáíééç-éìòáíééç-éìòá øàùìøàùìøàùìøàùì íéâãíéâãíéâãíéâã ïéáïéáïéáïéá äàååùäääàååùäääàååùäääàååùää .à.à.à.à

íéâãíéâãíéâãíéâã éðéîéðéîéðéîéðéî éðùáéðùáéðùáéðùá äâäðäåäâäðäåäâäðäåäâäðäå äòáøääòáøääòáøääòáøä øåñéàøåñéàøåñéàøåñéà .1.1.1.1

eehvpy zeevnd llkl eeyed zeterde zeigd lky l"f epinkg ixaca ep`vn

`nw-àa 'qna epipyy itk .dxeza miyxetnd miig ilral qgia l`xyid"t)

(f"n:,ÏÙÎ ÈÓÂÏ˘˙ÏÂ ,È�ÈÒ ¯‰ ˙˘¯Ù‰ÏÂ ,¯Â·‰ ˙ÏÈÙ�Ï - ‰Ó‰· ÏÎ „Á‡Â ¯Â˘ „Á‡"

;˙·˘ÏÂ ,ÌÈ‡ÏÎÏ ,‰ÓÈÒÁÏ ,‰˜È¯ÙÏ ,‰„È·‡ ˙·˘‰ÏÂÔ‰· ‡ˆÂÈÎ ÛÂÚÂ ‰ÈÁ ÔÎÂ,Î"‡ .

."‰ÂÂ‰· ·Â˙Î‰ ¯·„˘ ‡Ï‡ ?¯ÂÓÁ Â‡ ¯Â˘ ¯Ó‡� ‰ÓÏ

dpyna(my)exkfed,"....Ô‰· ‡ˆÂÈÎ ÛÂÚÂ ‰ÈÁ ÔÎÂ ...‰Ó‰· ÏÎ „Á‡"oiiev `l j`

eàedy miweqtd zeyxcn d`xp did mb jk ?g"ra x`yk miaygp mibcd mb m`d

'nba(a"r cp w"a)zeyxetnd zendal zetere zeig zèeyd lr wx epcnl mdny ,

'nbd deeyn ok` dibeqd seqa mle` .dxeza(`"r dp my)ilra x`yl mibcd z` mb

:dnda i`lk xeqi`l ,miig

‰˜ÂÏ - ÌÈ·˘ ÌÈ�ÈÓ È�˘ ÚÈ·¯Ó‰ :˘È˜Ï ˘È¯ ¯Ó‡ ‰ÈÓ¯È ¯"‡2È‡Ó .

Â‰�ÈÓÏ Â‰�ÈÓÏ ‡È˙‡ :‡ÏÂÚ„ ‰ÈÓ˘Ó ‰·‰‡ ¯· ‡„‡ ·¯ ¯Ó‡ ?‡ÓÚË

.‰˘·ÈÓ

ÔÈ„ ‰Ó ‰˜Ù˙Ò‰ 'Ó‚‰˘ ‡Ï‡"ÌÈ‡ÏÎ ˙‚‰�‰":dndae bc i"r oexw zkiyna

azk oke .(h-g 'irq axr 'irq n"eg) r"eyde (my) m"anxd zrca (eh w"qe ai w"q axr

wextl mixne` yi"y ieb ly dndan dwixt aeig oiiprl (dbda h 'irq axr 'iq n"eg) `"nxd

wiicy itke ,"`ziixe`c iedc miig ilra xrv meyn ,my miakek caerd oi` elit` aiig

.eixacn (h sirq axr 'iq n"eg) `"xbd

gny xe`d zrc okè`l g"a xrv"y (my) m"anxd zrca (e"kd dk wxt zay 'ld)

.(g 'irq axr 'iq n"eg) r"eyd zrca `"xbd azk oke ,"....`ziixe`c

.2:ìd 'nba `qxibd (riaxnd d"c my) 'qeza i"xd zrclbidpnd"miay mibc ipin ipy

(e"d `"t mi`lk) inlyexia xèany oeeik ,"dwelipin ipy zraxd ly zeìvn okziz `ly

mibcxeqià zwqer 'nbd mzrcly oeeik 'ibd z` 'qezd miniiwn mixacd jynda ok` .

ok` mze`y mnvr mibcl zqgiizn dpiè ,miini g"ra ly mipin ipya mi`lk zraxd

.mriaxdl


55

˙ÈÁ� ‡Ï ‡ÊÈÚ„ ÔÂÈÎ :Ô�È¯Ó‡ ÈÓ ?Â‰Ó ,‡ËÂ·È˘Â ‡ÊÈÚ· ‚È‰�Ó‰ :‰·Á¯ ÈÚ·

˙‰ÈÓ ‡˙˘‰ ‡ÓÏ„ Â‡ ,„È·Ú ÌÂÏÎ ‡Ï - ‰˘·ÈÏ ˜ÈÏÒ ‡Ï ‡ËÂ·È˘Â ÌÈ·

."...?‚È‰�Ó ‡˜

¯ÂÒÈ‡ ÌÈÈ˜˘ ÍÎÓ ˙Ú·Â� ¯ÂÒ‡Ï ‡¯·Ò‰"‰Ó‰· È‡ÏÎ"mle` ,mibc ipin ipya

;mewn ezeà cgi zeigl mileki mpi`y mipin ipy md ,bce fry meyn ,xizdl cvd

xeqi`l zaygp dpi` ,oexw cgi mikyen mdy dcaerdy okzi jkitl‰‚‰�‰"

"ÌÈ‡ÏÎ·3.

ìëàéùìëàéùìëàéùìëàéù íãå÷íãå÷íãå÷íãå÷ íéâãìíéâãìíéâãìíéâãì åéúåðåæîåéúåðåæîåéúåðåæîåéúåðåæî úðéúðúðéúðúðéúðúðéúð .2.2.2.2

dibeqa dyxtzp miig-ilra x`yl mibc oia dèeyddy zexnl(my)qgia wx

'qezd ewiic ,mi`lk zbdpde zraxd ly dnda-i`lk xeqi`ld"c `"r dp `nw-àa)

(bidpnd:'qezd oeylk ,dxezd ipic lkl zipexwr dèeyda xaecny

˙·˘Ó Â‰ÏÂÎ Ô�ÈÙÏÈ„ ÈÎÈ‰ ÈÎÍ˙Ó‰· Í˙Ó‰· ˙·˘ Ô�ÈÙÏÈ ÈÓ� ÈÎ‰

‰Î‡ÏÓ· ˙·˘· ÌÈ‚„ ¯ÂÒ‡Ï ‰Ú·¯‰Ó‰‚‰�‰„ ÌÈ‡ÏÎ Ô�ÈÙÏÈ ¯„‰Â

.˙·˘Ó

oicnr awri iax wiqd elld 'qezd ixacn(fi 'iq `"g uari zli`y z"ey)mibcy

xrv xeqi` oiiprl mb mllkne ,dxezd ipic lkl miigd ilra x`yl eeyed

itk ,ezcerq mcew mlik`dl aiig ,ezeyxa mibc wifgnd mc` ,jkitl .miig-ilra

ezcerq mcew ezeyxay zeterde zeigd zendad z` lik`dl aiig èdy4.

.3xengae xeya yexgz `l" :weqta xn`py mi`lk zbdpd xeqi` m`d èd wtqd ,xnelk

bcae ?mi`lk zraxd xeqi` ly zipexwr zeìvn okzizy g"ral qgia wx xn`p ,"eicgi

miiw `l mi`lk zbdpd xeqi` jkitl ± ote` meya z`f zeìvn mda okziz `ly fre

xingdl yi wtqne 'nba hytp `l df wtq .mixeqi`d ipy oia xyw oi` `ny e` .mdiabl

miay dig mr dyaid on dnda bidpdl xeqè" :(g"d h"t mi`lk 'ld) m"anxd wqty itk

."xeht dyr mè heay mr fr oebk

.4giked ,"dk`ln ipa"k mixcebn mibcy (bidpnd d"c `"r dp w"a) 'qezd ixacny oiivl yi

mcew eznda z` lik`dl mc` lr lhend aeigdy xn`p m` s`y (my) drivwe xend

ixdy ,df llka mibcd s` ixd ,dk`ln zepa ody zeige zendal qgia wx xn`p ,ezcerq

lik`dl aeigdy ,drivwe xend ly dheytd dpadd ,ok` .dk`ln ipa md ipexwr oteà

lr znkqen dpi` ,"miig ilra xrv" xeqi`n raep ± ezcerq mcew ezeyxay dige dnda

'iq g"e`) "mixt` ci"d mya (fhx 'iq e"g) zekld dpyn z"eya oiivny itk .miwqetd lk


56

zekld dpyn z"eya(fhx 'iq e"g)zbdpday dcaerd mvrny ,sqep yecig ycgn

xeqi` lr mixaer mibc ipin ipy,"‰Ó‰· È‡ÏÎ"xeqià millkp mibcdy gken¯Úˆ"

."ÌÈÈÁ-ÈÏÚ·jepigd xtq zrc i"tr z`f(p"wz deevn)xeqi`y"‰Ó‰· È‡ÏÎ"raep

xeqi`n."ÌÈÈÁ-ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"

ozip xacd ,l"pd zipcnld dgkedd `la mby xàn èd eixac meiqa ok`

xeq` mibc mby heyt ,miig ilra xrvl xeq`y zeidy ,dheyt `xaqn xnìdl

ixdy !xrvl"ÌÈ‚„ ‡�˘ È‡ÓÂ ÌÈ‡¯·�‰ ÏÎÏ ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ Ì˙Ò ¯ÎÊÂ‰ ÌÈ˜ÒÂÙ·

!?"....ÌÈ˘Â˙È ¯‡˘Ó

,"zekld dpyn"de ,u"ari zli`ydy oiivl jixv xen`d lkl sqepadl`ya epc

zniiw ef dl`yl rbepae zeid ,ezcerq iptl mibc lik`dl mc`d lr daeg zniiw m`d

u"ari zli`yd jix`dy itk `lewl `xaq(my),dcerqd mcew g"ra lik`dl daegdy

"dk`ln ipa"k mixcbend mc`d z` mizxynd g"ral qgia wx dxn`p(miipxvi :oldl).

.miipxvi g"rak dklda mixcben mib mby gikedl u"ari zli`yd jixv did jkitl

oi`y d`xp ,g"ral eicia dyer mc`y ifit xrva e` dribta xaecn xy`k mle`

azky dheytd `xaqd zniiw mye ,miipxvi mpi`y el`l ,miipxvi g"ra oia welig

"y ;zekld dpyndmi`xapd lkl g"ra xrv mzq xkfed miwqeta mbmibc `py i`ne

,"....miyezi x`ynzniiwy d`xp miwqetd ixaca oeir ick jez d`xpd itky `l`

itk ,mibc ly g"ra xrv xeqi`l qgia `lewd on ile` da yiy dxe`kl `xaq

.xàziy

íéâãíéâãíéâãíéâã úìéëàìúìéëàìúìéëàìúìéëàì øùáøùáøùáøùá úìéëàúìéëàúìéëàúìéëà ïéáïéáïéáïéá ìãáääìãáääìãáääìãáää .á.á.á.á

"éçä"éçä"éçä"éçä ïîïîïîïî øáà"øáà"øáà"øáà" øåñéàåøåñéàåøåñéàåøåñéàå äèéçùäèéçùäèéçùäèéçù àììàììàììàìì íúìéëàíúìéëàíúìéëàíúìéëà .1.1.1.1mda

oeyln l"fg z`f ecnle ;dhigy `ll dlikà mixzen mixyk mibc recik

weqtd(`"i xacna):ˆ‰","Ì‰Ï ÛÒ‡È ÌÈ‰ È‚„ ÏÎ ˙‡ Ì‡ Ì‰Ï ËÁ˘È ¯˜·Â Ô‡dpeekdy

oi` minrty i`kfl envr wifgdl oi` mc` lkc meyn" :df oicl sqep mrh ìady (f"qw

`xwn mzd xnè xcpqkl`c `caera yxcna `zi`ck zendad zekfa lke`y wx zekf el

oia n"tp oi` i`ce f"tle....dlgz dnicwdl ie`x dndad zekfa lke`y oeike dndae mc`c

."...r"ekl mibcl dnda


57

`l` dhigy miperh mpi` mibcy xnel"Â‰Ï È‚Ò ‡ÓÏÚ· ‰ÙÈÒ‡·"(a"r fk oileg)5oke ,

m"anxd wqt(b"d `"t dhigy zekld):

‡Ï‡ ‰ËÈÁ˘ ÌÈÎÈ¯ˆ Ô�È‡ ÌÈ·‚ÁÂ ÌÈ‚„,Ô˙Â‡ ˙¯˙Ó‰ ‡È‰ Ô˙ÙÈÒ‡È¯‰

ÛÒ‡ÈÈ ÌÈ‰ È‚„ ÏÎ ˙‡ Ì‡ Ì‰Ï ‡ˆÓÂ Ì‰Ï ËÁ˘È ¯˜·Â Ô‡ˆ‰ ¯ÓÂ‡ ‡Â‰

.Ô‡ˆÂ ¯˜· ˙ËÈÁ˘Î ÌÈ‚„ ˙ÙÈÒ‡ Ì‰Ï

`l` ,o`kn epcnl dhigy `ll mibc zlik` xzid wx `ly rnyn m"anxd oeyln

zeipeniin zedbdd zrc mle` .miig mibc lek`l xzeny mb(b ze` my)mibc zlik`y

xeqi` meyn da yi miig."Âˆ˜˘˙ Ï·"

r"eyd(` sirq bi oniq drc dxei):m"anxd oeylk dkldl wqtÛÂÚÂ ‰ÈÁ ,‰Ó‰·"

."‰ËÈÁ˘ ÔÈ�ÂÚË ÔÈ‡ ÌÈ·‚ÁÂ ÌÈ‚„ ;‰ËÈÁ˘ ÔÈ�ÂÚË

siqed `"nxd j`(my dbda):azke ,zeipeniin zedbdd oeyl z`ÌÏÎÂ‡Ï ¯˙ÂÓÂ"

,ÂÏÎ‡ÏÂ ¯·‡ Ì‰Ó ÍÂ˙ÁÏ Â‡ ÌÈ˙Ó."Âˆ˜˘˙ Ï· :ÌÂ˘Ó ÌÈÈÁ ÔÏÎ‡Ï ¯ÂÒ‡ Ï·‡

xeqi` yiy meyn dfy oiiv `l `"nxd mpn`"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"zg` .mibca

`ly dlabd dklda ep`vn `l recn dziid ef dl`yn ze`veid zeiyrnd zeklydd

?miig mibcn miywyw xiqdl6

úèéøîúèéøîúèéøîúèéøî úåòðîéäåúåòðîéäåúåòðîéäåúåòðîéäå íéâãîíéâãîíéâãîíéâãî íéù÷ù÷íéù÷ù÷íéù÷ù÷íéù÷ù÷ úøñäúøñäúøñäúøñä øúéäøúéäøúéäøúéä .2.2.2.2

úåæååàîúåæååàîúåæååàîúåæååàî úåöåðúåöåðúåöåðúåöåð

xeqi`l rbepd miwqeta oecipy sqep megz"Á"Ú· ¯Úˆ"zevep zxqd did

`ny e` ,dlik` jxevl dyrp xacdy meyn xzen m`d md wtqd iccv ,zeig zefee`n

oycd znexz z"eya aigxd jk lr ;df xzidl zeleab yi(dw oniq miazke miwqt)

ezpwqne‡Ï„ .ÂÈ˘ÈÓ˘˙ÏÂ ÂÈÎ¯ÂˆÏ ‰˘ÂÚ ‡Â‰ Ì‡ ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ ÌÂ˘Ó ¯ÂÒ‡ ÔÈ‡„"

.5'nbd ,ehgeyl miaiig eilye ,"eilyd z` etqìe" (`"i xacna) xn`p eilyl qgia mby t"r`

dtiq` àizk `kd ,ipixg`c dhigy mewna dtiq` àizk `l (eilya) mzd"y zwlgn

,mibcd oial eilyd oia weligd z` (`kd d"c my) i"yx xìae ,"ipixg`c dhigy mewna

dnda zhigy lv` edcic dtiq` àizk" mibcd lv`yeda aizke dixeaica ipycne

èd `wec dpin rny dtiq`."

.6zelert zeyrln mirpnp ok` epiniay oiivl yi ik m` ,jynda miwqeta àen df geqip

.mzznd iptl mibca el`


58

."....Ì„‡‰ ˙‡ ˘Ó˘Ï ˜¯ ˙ÂÈ¯·‰ ÏÎ Â‡¯·�dnka l"fg ixacn giken èd df ceqi

:z`f zexnly siqen èd j` ,zenewn

[‚Â‰�Ï] ÌÏÂÚ‰ ‰ˆÂ¯ Â�È‡˘ ÈÙÏ ÌÚË‰ ¯˘Ù‡Â ,ÌÈÚ�Ó�Â ÌÈ¯‰Ê� ÌÏÂÚ‰

,˙ÂÈ¯·‰ „‚� ˙ÂÈ¯ÊÎ‡ ˙Â„Ó.‰ÎÎ ÏÚ ˘�ÂÚ ÂÏ·˜È ‡ÓÏÈ„ ÌÈ‡¯È˘

ÌÈÏÚÂÙ‰ 'Ù ÔÁÎ˘‡„Î(`"r dt n"a)‡Ï˙„ ‡Ï‚Ú ‡Â‰‰· ˘Â„˜‰ Â�È·¯ È·‚

:¯Ó‡ È·¯„ ,‰ÈÙ�Î· ‰˘È¯Ï‡Â‰ ¯ÂÓ‚ ¯˙È‰„ ‚"Ú‡Â ,"˙¯ˆÂ� ÍÎÏ ÏÈÊ"

....‰ÎÎ ÏÚ ÔÈ¯ÂÒÈ Ï·˜Â ˘�Ú� ‰"Ù‡ ,Â˙ÏÈÎ‡Ï Ï‚Ú‰ ËÂÁ˘Ï

`"nxd wqt df it lr(dbda ci 'irq d 'iq xfrd oa`):

.miig ilra xrv xeqi` meyn dia zil ,mixac x`yl e` dètxl jixvd xac lk..

n"ne ,miig ilra xrv meyn yginl `kile ,zeig zefee`n zevep hexnl xzen okle

."zeixfk` iedc mirpnp mlerd

"íééç"íééç"íééç"íééç éìòáéìòáéìòáéìòá øòö"øòö"øòö"øòö" ïéàùïéàùïéàùïéàù íåùîíåùîíåùîíåùî øúéääøúéääøúéääøúéää úàúàúàúà íé÷îðîäíé÷îðîäíé÷îðîäíé÷îðîä .3.3.3.3

íéâãáíéâãáíéâãáíéâãá

wgvi giy z"eya wqt lirl xen`d it lr(fty oniq)7miywyw xiqdl xzeny ,

`"nxd xq`y zeig zefee`n zevep zxqdn dpey df dxwn ezrcl ,miig mibcn

(d 'iq seq f"rd`)xeqià lwdl mewn yi ezrcly meyn .dyrnl"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"

`"nxdy jkn giken èd eixac z` .mibcl rbepa(dbda ` 'irq bi 'iq c"ei)z` wnip

meyn wx miig mibc lek`l xeqi`d,"Âˆ˜˘˙ Ï·"xeqi` meyn `le."ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"

dcedi ci xtq lr jnzqn èd eixaca(bi 'iq c"ei)ig bcn dkizg jezgl elit` xizdy

mibc hegyl dxezd daiig `ly dcaerd ,ezrcl .efk dlikà iètx jxev miiw m`

i"tr zxàzn ezxaq .mibca miig ilra xrv xeqi` oi`y dgked deedn ,dlik`d iptl

zlik` xeqiè dhigy aeigy b"ntd ixac"ÈÁ‰ ÔÓ ¯·‡",g"ra xrv xeqi`n miraep

dzernyn ,miig mlke`l xzene ,dhigy `ll mibc lek`l xzeny dcaerd df itle

xeqi` mda oi` mby."ÌÈÈÁ-ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"

xeqi` oi`y `"nxd ixacn ezii`x dxe`kly `l`"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"dpi` - mibca

`"nxd ixd .zpaen(` 'irq bi 'iq c"ei):yxetna azkÌÈ˙Ó ÌÏÎÂ‡Ï ¯˙ÂÓÂ"ÍÂ˙ÁÏ Â‡

.7hay"d lra ly ecinlz ;dixbped ipax ilecbn c"id qiiee xra xkyyi diryi x"a wgvi 'x

xtqd xagne 'xiky dpyn' z"ey lra c"id ldhkiih dnly xkyyi axd ly ecicie ,"xteq

.a"yz zpya y"ni miv`pd ici lr dèya bxdp ,'dgny mipad m`'


59

."ÂÏÎ‡ÏÂ ¯·‡ Ì‰Ó,xnelkig bcn xa` zgiwl xizd èddlik` jxevlzeìvnae ,

xeqi` oi`y l"iiw miig ilra x`ya mb z`fk"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"oycd znexz ixack

l"pd8.

l"vf eerl xfrl` iax mya mitqep mixaqd ipy wgvi giyd ìan eixac jynda

:miig mibcn miywyw zxqda lwdl recn xeebpee`n9

oey`x wenipmicxei mdy oeeik ,mdl dai`kn dpi` mibcn miywywd zxqd :

.odl dai`kn xy` ,ig sern zevep zxqdn dpeya ,zelwa

:ipy wenipmdn jezgl exizdy jkl di`xde ,mibca miig ilra xrv xeqi` oi`

.ig xa`

,eixacl .lew mirinyn mpi` mibcdy meyn zeixfk` jka oi` mby siqen èd

z` epnn micixenyk wrev epi` bcdy oeeike ,mc`d zyegz itl zrawp zeixfk`

.ixfk` zeidl mc`l mxeb xacd oi` ,miywywd

xrv xeqi` oi`"y meyn èd miywyw xiqdl xzidd zaiqy `vei mdixac jezn

,"miig ilra.xàziy itk zel`y 'qn opyi jk lr mle` .mibcl rbep

äìéëàäìéëàäìéëàäìéëà êøåöìêøåöìêøåöìêøåöì äæùäæùäæùäæù íåùîíåùîíåùîíåùî øúéääøúéääøúéääøúéää úàúàúàúà íé÷îðîäíé÷îðîäíé÷îðîäíé÷îðîä .4.4.4.4

zekld dpyn z"eya(fhx 'iq e"g)xa` zlikà `lewdy ceqid zgpd lr dywn

xeqi` mdiabl oi`y jkn zraep mibca igd on,"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"izy ìan ède

:mixacd oia xyw oi`y zei`x

xrv jkn el yiy i"tr` "drewt oa"n xa` jezgl xzen .`10.

.8oi` ,mc` zètxl ig bcn xa` zgiwl `"nxd xizdy jkny (my) "`cedi ci"d xìay itk

xrvl oiyyeg oi` - ok mc`d jxevy lk"y meyn ,mibca g"ra xrv xeqi` oi`y di`x

!?dlik` jxevl xa` jezgl `"nxd xzidl wenipd zeidl leki dfy oicd èd ok m` ."g"ra

jxeva eliè ,ig bcn didz dkizgdy `weec èd iètxd jxevdy wlgl did ozip mpn`

ìadl ozip `ly i`ce j` .jxev `xwp df oi` jkle ,zn e` ig bcd m` n"wtp oi` dlik`

bcn xa` zgiwl ,èd exzid lk ixdy ,mzq mibca miig ilra xrv xizn `"nxdy di`x

dne ."miig ilra xrv" meyn xeq` xacd ikd e`lay xnel ezpeeke .`weec dlik` jxevl ig

oi`y epcnll e` ,xzidd ceqi envr dfy cnll e` ;yxetna z`f oiivl `"nxd jxvedy

.jynda xàziy itk ,dlik` jxevl ìdyk mb dxeq` xy` zeixfk`l aygp xacd

.9.eixac jynda mìad ède ,"wgvi giy"d lral daeyza eazkp eixac

.10`vne ,dxyk z`vnpe dndad z` hgeyd" :(a 'irq bi 'iq c"ei) r"eyd wqty dnl ezpeek


60

dndak zxcben ìdy zexnl ,dhigy xg` zqkxtn dndan xa` jezgl xzen .a

dixac lkl dig11.jkn zxrhvn ìd i`ceaye ,

zekld dpynd mkqn ,z`f xe`l(my)cixedl xzidl ceqidy xnel miaiigy

.dlik` jxevl miyrp mixacdy meyn èd ,miig mibcn miywyw

zeixfk`d meyn ,miig mifee` ly zevep zhixnn erpnp mc` ipa eixac itl

`"nxd azky itk ,xacay(dbda ci 'irq d 'iq f"rd`)xzen did xacd ok `leli` j` ,

yiy zexnl zxzen miig mibca miywywd zxqd s` ,jkitl .dlik` jxev dfy meyn

mda,"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"xacd oiè ,dlik` jxevl ziyrp miywywd zxqdy oeeik

.lirl xèank zeixfk` deedn

:íåëéñ:íåëéñ:íåëéñ:íåëéñ

xeqi` yiy yxetna eazky miwqet opyi"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"enk mibcl qgia mb

.dqpxt jxev e` ,dlik` jxevl edf mxrvl exizdy zelewdyk .mixg` miig ilral

xeqi` oi` mibcay mixaeqy miwqet yi ,jci`n."ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"

íéâãäíéâãäíéâãäíéâãä ìùìùìùìù áàëäáàëäáàëäáàëä ùåçùåçùåçùåç ìòìòìòìò íéø÷åçäíéø÷åçäíéø÷åçäíéø÷åçä úòãúòãúòãúòã .5.5.5.5

,gzetn epi` mibcd ly gendy oeeiky revwnd iyp` axwa dqitzd dgeex mrt

xg`l .mia`kl miyibx mpiè ,dyibx zegt mdly miavrd zkxrn mb ok lr

ircnl mixweg ici lr zepexg`d mipya mibca eyrpy mipype mixfeg miiieqip

f"hd azke ,"dhigy oerh epiè dlikà xzen ,zn 'h oa e` ,zn oia ig oia 'g oa xaer da

jzg elit` elke`l xzene igd on xa` xeqi` ea oi`c" èd xaca yecigdy (b w"q my)

oi`c azky àiwr iax wxt seqa i"yx 'ita epivn dfa `veike oiicr ig èdy onfa epnn

l"kr 'ek evwyz la meyn ea yiy `l` dhigy oerh oi`c oeik igd on xa` xeqi` meyn ea

igd on xa` meyn ea did i`c elyane ig ecera dil liwyc evwyz la meyn ea oi` o`ke

.ok eazky miwqet cer ìad zekld dpynde ,"ig ecera ekzgy oeik xeq` did

.11:mdn wlg ìape ,dig dndak zaygp zqkxtny jkl zexewn 'qn ìan zekld dpynd

ìd ixd - zqkxtn ìd oiicre mipy aex e` mipy da hgy" :xn`p (`"r l) oileg 'qna

aex e` mipy da hgy" :wqty (b"id d"t oikxr 'ld) m"anxd wqt oke ,"dixac lkl digk

cinrde llka ìd ixde zkxrpe dixac lkl digk ìd ixd zqkxtn ìd oiicre mipy

`"r 'l ,oiycwenae d"c a"r 'a oileg) zenewn dnka 'qezd eyxit oke ,"zenzy cr jixrde

.(qqebd z` ìve` `le d"c `"r c oikxr ,opz `de d"c


61

zenxebd zelertl mibc ly zeaebzdy dqitzd zwfgzn ;mlerd iagxa miigd

qxw mr dkg zqpkdy xexa jkitl .mixg` miig ilra ly zeaebzl ddf mia`kl

el mexbl dlelr ìd mizrle ,miwfg mia`k el mexbl dxen` ,bcd ly dtd jezl

wlgay jk ,dkixal ezxfgd xg`l mb lek`l epnn rpniy xac ,dta menic

.dkixal mze` mixifgnyk mb okn xg`l mizn mibcd mixwndn

äàðääàðääàðääàðä úøèîìúøèîìúøèîìúøèîì äëçáäëçáäëçáäëçá ãéöãéöãéöãéö .6.6.6.6

:`vei ,lirl epxxiay dn xe`l mixacd z` ogap m`

yiy mixaeql .`"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ ¯ÂÒÈ"zexhnl dkga becl xeq`y i`ce ,mibca

zekld dpyn z"eya azky itk dlik` jxevl `l` ,d`pd(lz 'iq a"ig):‡ÎÈ‰„ ËÂ˘Ù"

Á"·Úˆ ÌÂ˘Ó ‡ÎÈÏ ÌÈ‚„ ÒÂÙ˙Ï ‰ˆÂ¯„ÈÎ‰Â Á"·Úˆ ÌÂ˘Ó ‡ÎÈÏ Ì„‡Ï ÍÈ¯ˆ˘ ÏÎ„

"...ÏÂÎ‡Ï ‚„‰ ÒÙÂ˙ ÈÓ�12.,ÌÈÏ·‚ÂÓ ÌÈ˘�‡Ï ˙ÂÈ‡ÂÙ¯ ˙Â¯ËÓÏ ‰˘Ú� ¯·„‰ Ì‡ ÔÎÂ

,"‡„Â‰È „È"‰ ·˙Î˘ ‰ÓÏ ‰ÓÂ„·.dètx jxevl ig xa` zlik` xzida

xeqi` oi`y eazky miwqetd mb .a"Á"Ú· ¯Úˆ"zxqdl qgia ok eazk md ,mibca

d`pd jxevl mibc xrvl yxetna exizd `l mde ,dlik` jxevl miig mibcn miywyw

zililyl zaygp ;mc`l zizin` zlrez `ll miig ilraa dribty meyn xwira .`cixb

zcin z` zcbep ìdy meyn ;miig ilra xrv xeqi` jka oi`y mixwna s` l"fg ipira

l`xyi mr ly zepngxd13.

.12dkga becl xzeny (e"pyz a`-fenz ;11 "jizr zpen`") `"hily iginr dcedi axd azk oke

lel` ;12 jizr zpen`) `"hily oiihyt` awri axd zaebz 'ir mpn` ,dlik` ikxvl wx

xacdy o`k àend itl c"prle ,drbxd jxev dfy meyn xizdl ezrcy (f"pyz ixyz-e"pyz

.drbxd jxevl z`f xizdl dyw ,xzei xge`n alya mibcl zeen mizrl mxeb

.13f"r) 'nbd oeylk ,l`xyin mc`l die`x dpi`y zebdpzdl aygp beprz jxevl g"ra ly civ

ly zeìqwxwle zeìhxhl - jld `l xy` yi`d ixy` :ift oa oerny 'x yxc" :(a"r gi

`ly - ayi `l mivl ayenae ,oeibpwa cnr `ly df - cnr `l mi`hg jxcae ,miakek icaer

oey`x wxt f"r 'qn) y"`xd iwqta oke ,"zeleagza ayirexf xe`d wqt mb jk ,(gi 'iq

oke ,"oziel zgnya d`xi `ly oiyer m"ekrdy oirk mialka zeig cvy in" (fi ze` bt 'iq)

z"ey ixack ;zeixfk` meyn èdy eazky yie .(dbda a 'irq fhy 'iq g"e`) `"nxd wqt

(i 'iq c"ei z"ecdn) dcedia rcepipa ikxc df oiè eyrae cexnpa wx civ yi` epivn `le"

."....awrie wgvi mdxa`zrab extqa dilhi` inkgn `xihxen ield le`y iax azk oke

.." :(`"r cn my) l"fe ,"o`va eig` z` drex did" weqtd lr (h yexc ayie) le`yik.

yi` civ rcei yi` did dpy e"h oa ezeida eyr dpd ik .eilr giken mc` ly ezepne`


62

xeqi` .b"ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· ¯Úˆ"miwqet daxd zrcl dxez xeqi` èd14s` jk meyn ;

xeqià zwelgn z`fy ixd ,d`pd jxevl civ xzen miwqetdn wlg zrcly xàp m`

."`xnegl `ziixe`c wtq"y èd llkd df dxwnae ,dxez

d`xp jkitl .cmiiètx mikxv e` dlik` jxevl wx dkga mibc becl xzeny

,'ecke.biicd dyrn mvrn d`pd jxevl ok zeyrl xeq` j`

jtd mely zepne` ezepne` did sqeia oke .mild` ayei mz yi` did awri mleè ....dcy

eiyr zepneìk miwyerd miklnd znbec didi dcvd ik....."o`va eig` z` drex did"

.dlng ila mialkd z` mda exibie mezinie zeigd eckliik epizxeza xeq` èd ok lre

zeixfk`d clez epnn....okl ik wicvd jln znbec ède dbdpdd aehl fnx drxnd mleè

."drex `xwp mrd bidpnxtqa mb eixac eàed ,fp 'iq c"ei) dwcv yny z"eya azk oke

m` oif ilka ser e` dig civ cevl mikledd miyp`" zece` l`ypy (wegv jxr - wgvi cgt

mb m` `nlra liihle wegyl od miyery miypè ....micia dlap mzeyra xaca xeqi` yi

:aiyn èd lèyd axd azky miwenipd xgè ,?`l e` xeqi`d qek xearz mdilr

zcin ziipwe ryxd eiyr ly ezepne` zqitz meyne mdd minrhd on xeq`l iznkqde

xyt` i` ok` ."....mivl ayen meyne xac `l lr d"awd ly eizeixa zindl zeixfk`

civa miwqer l"pd miwqetd mda epcy mixwnd lk xiyi oteày dcaerdn mlrzdl

.dkixal mixfgen mibcdy oecipd dxwna enk `ly ;civd ick jez dzn digd ea ,ixfk`

zlrez `ll g"ra cevi l`xyin mc`y ie`xd on df oi` llkay dler mdixac znipn j`

mix`yp mibcd xy`k xaecnd dxwna `weec lirl xàzpy itk mizrle .mc`l zipeig

mizn md mizrle ,xàzpy itk miig ilra xrv xeqi` lr mitqep l"pd minrhd miiga

.lek`l zleki mdl oi`y oeeikn dkixal mzxfgd ixg` xrv jez

htynae il`xyid htyna civd lr" dcebie l`kin x"c ly exn`na oecipa dagxda d`xe

.(51 oeilib c"qyz epif`d zyxt ,htyn ixry zllkn "ixard

.14.(1 'rd èana) lirl xèank


63

xpbii` cec axd

çñôáçñôáçñôáçñôá ïâãïâãïâãïâã õéîçúõéîçúõéîçúõéîçú1

:íé÷øô:íé÷øô:íé÷øô:íé÷øô éùàøéùàøéùàøéùàø

èan

dgizt

zircn dpigan uingzd zpkd jildz .`

ung xeqi` zpigan ezernyne ,uingzd zxivw aly .a

gqta ezndal obc ipirxb zpizp .b

ung zxcbd .c

dèazd zahxd yyg .d

zexit ink ezxcbd oiprl -dhigd oirxb .e

zexit in .f

mihge zexit in axrl oi`y mixaeqd zrca oeic .g

uingzd xeniy .h

glnd cnrn .i

dqiqzd meiq xg`l dvngd .ì

ziyrn dkxcd .ai

mekiq

:àåáî:àåáî:àåáî:àåáî

z`fe ,dax zilklk zernyn zlra dibeq ìd gqtl xyk oefna zextd zlk`d

dnk jynl alga zizernyn dcixil znxeb xg` oefn beqa oefnd ztlgdy meyn

.1iginr dcedi axl my`xa ,df xn`n zaizka izvriizd mzi`y miaxl zecedl ipevxa

fkxe xwad ilcbn zecg`zda oefn fkx wxey uxtl oke ,`"hily onhiee a`f axl ,`"hily

.ipwlee oeknn bxapiee iav 'texte oexin ryedi x"cl oke mexcd iwyn


64

reaw oefnl dxfga eixg`l ode gqtl xyk oefnl dxarda gqt iptl od .mini2.

obc uingz èd dpyd jyna zzl laewny uingzd3xaecny meyn z`fe ,

lra leciba(sxega lcbd)e` ,qxiz uingz md gqtl eitilg ,diwyd yxec epi`y

.mebxeq

ziyrn dpigan qxiz uingza zeiziirad(alga zipey`xd dcixid ze`vezl sqepa)

,dlecb min zenk yxec èd iviw lecib èd df leciby oeeikny ,ìdobc znerl)

(lra ilecb mdy mebxeqeezei`ck ,mind ly ddeabd zelrd lya zepexg`d mipyae

.wtqa zlhen zilklkd

zeidl zaiig df lecibl dpkdd ,lra lecib èdy s` lr ,mebxeqd ,ok enk

oexg`d mybd iptl rvazdl zaiig ezrixfe ,zwcwecn(yewlnd)zeiziira dpyie ,

wiecna z`f oeekl4.

dgixtd iptly alya obc uingz zxivw èd miiwy sqep oexzt5eay aly ,

dpigan uingdl leki `l envr cvn wxidy i`cee ,oirxbl dpkd elit` oi` i`ce

.zixeqi`

oi`y ècie ,ghyd ly dnicwn dwica yxec èdy ,èd df oexzta zeiziirad

eay onfa ,sxegd idlya zeyridl aiig df xivw ok enk .zgxet xaky dhig ghya

ea avn xvep jke ,uingzd z` xevwl ozip `l mzcixi onfae ,miax minyb epkzi

epyi mcwen xivwa oke ,gqtl xykk df uingz xevwl ozip didi `le ,dgxt dhigd

yaid xnegd fegè lwynd ly lecb cqtd6.

.2xtqn jyna izbxcd oteà dxardd z` zeyrl ozip mday milecb oefn ifkxn mpyi ik m`

.onhie axd zxrd -zizernyn dpi` alga dcixidy jk -mini

.3migep mpi` ilte diwa oebk zeiphw ,zleaiy mb mixvew mizirl ik m` ,llk jxca dhig

.dvngdl

.4milerab ,leai zzigtl jk jezne dviaxl zeyibx :oebk mitqep zepexqg mpyi mebxeql

lecibl zeycg zeyib" d`x ,dkenp xivwd zra sepa yai xneg zlekz ,micake miar

,inxk .` z`n ."miniiw mipfe miycg mieewa yeniy jez ,oneyiie ètqnl izeki` mebxeq

.xwa ilcbn zecg`zd xzà ,oexin .ie icrlbd .` ,lìne` .p

-mind ly zilklkd zelrd ok mb ztxhvn mebxeqd z` miwyn mda zenewna ,z`f mr

.elecib zei`ck z` zigtnd xac

.5.oldl cenrp ,uingdl die`x ìd d`lde epnn dhigd leciba alyd lr

.6.onhie axd zxrd


65

äçéúôäçéúôäçéúôäçéúô

ozip m`de obc uingz ly izkldd ecnrn z` oegal ìd df xn`n zxhn

gqta elik`dl7.

ungk epic dnda lk`nl ungend dhigd oirxb m`d ìd da oecl yiy dl`yd

uingzdy inikd jildzd m`d (` :miwlg ipyl zhxtzn ef dl`y ;gqt oiiprl

ungk exicbny jildz èd uingzd xeal ezqpkd ici lr ezvngd zrya xaer

ung zxivi jildzn dpey uingzd xeaa dvngdd jildz `ny e` .gqt oiiprl

zegld - xeal dzqpkd alya dèazd zahxdl yeygl yi m`d (a .gqta xq`pd

dèazd ly zirahd(70% k)m`d oke ,dèazd lry lh ,xivwd zrya myb zcixi ,

gln xefite ,ixtd z` ethy mday mind ,mixcd uin ici lr uingzd ly exeniy

.evengl ok mb minxeb eilr

- myd oke ,zizkldd ezxcbdn dpey ,uingzd ly zinikd dxcbddy oiivl yi

.ungn `le jildzd ly zevingdn raep uingz

úéòãîúéòãîúéòãîúéòãî äðéçáîäðéçáîäðéçáîäðéçáî õéîçúäõéîçúäõéîçúäõéîçúä úðëäúðëäúðëäúðëä êéìäúêéìäúêéìäúêéìäú .à.à.à.à8

.xeal ezqpkd zrya uingzd xaer eze`y jildzd edn oiadl yi ziy`x

:miifkxn mialy ipyl wlgzn df jildz

wxid zxivw xg`l ,uingz zpkda ipey`xd alyd(dxvwn ici lr)zvivw èd ,

wxid(oiianew ici lr)n"q 4-5k èd okxe`y zekizgl9uingzd xeaa okn xg`l ,

iqik xrfnl ick micak milk zxfra yakp wxidxieeìab lr xnyn xneg xefit ,

.7uingz' :cec lèny axd ,h oinegz :lynl d`x ,xara ef dl`ya epcy s` lry oiivl yi

n"n ,'gqta zendal obc uingz zaexrz' :b 'iq e"g ayeg dyrn z"ey ,'gqta ztxa dhig

iwy izeìvnd yecigd.jynda jk lr d`x ,uingzd ly exeniy ote` èd meik mi

lynl d`x miax epc ef dl`ya ,xnerd zàd onf iptl ,gqt iptl rvazn df xivw ,ok enk

ehpe ,66 jizr zpen` oiihyt` awri axd ,9 'qn jizr zpen` `"hily lìx` awri axd

.gqt iptl dhigd uingz z` xevwl ozipy ,jka lwdl

.8lr ,dhig wxil uingz itqez zrtyd :miàd mixn`na zeax izxfrp df wxt zaizka

.ziaexi` dtiygl zecinre dvngd litext ,zelkrpe inik akxd

.dqiqze dniyp zbvn ,29 'qn algde xwad wyn -gaeyn itxg uingz mipiwzn cvik - oke

.9.jzgp mipirxbdn mieqn wlg s` ,jezig ly dfk lcebay oiivl yi


66

uingzd(mixcd zetilw e` gln)zrixi mdiab lreoeliiplr wecida zgpend dneh`

.min zxicge xiee` zegkep repnl zpn lr ,dnixrd

.35%l 30% oia rp dèaza iahind yaid xnegd feg`

d znih` xg`l ligzn ipyd alyd-dvngdd zlert dligznyk ,xneg

dqiqzd.

zxqg daiaqa `vnp ipbxe` xnegy rbxnovng;xnega inik jildz ygxzn ,

ziiqelke` zniiw igd on xneg lkamiwciigcxtp izla wlg deedny ,dlirt

d iig ly dpiwzd zelirtdnmfipbxe`.

miiaexi`d miwciigd ziiqelke` ,daiaqdn ovngd zenlrd mr10dligzn ,

ziiqelke` ,zkx`zn ovngd zlehp daiaqa didydy lkk .dxdna mvnhvdl

dmiiaexi`p`d miwciig11mi`pzdyk ,bybyl dligzn ,dgipf llk jxca dziidy

.65% -70% ly xeriya zeaihx md mxear miil`nihte`d

.dqiqz ly jildz èd uingzd xea jeza ygxzny dvngdd jildz

minfipbxeèxwin i"r ygxznd mixneg selig ly jildz" :ìd dqiqzd12

z` miwxtne oefnd xnegn mipefip minfipbxeèxwind ,excrida e` ovng zegkepa

zeipbxe`d zeaekxzd(gnva miniiwd mixkeqd)df jildza ,dibxp` zwtd jxevl

fewelbd(gnvay)"zihwl dvneg zxvepe meg hltp ,wxtzn13.

zeivnegd znxa diilr akr miizqn dvngdd jildz miireayk xg`l(Û3-4)14,

mizn miwciigd lk okl ,gztzdl miig mixevil zleki oi` zeivneg ly efk dnxa

miizpefzd eikxre ,mipy jynl xnyidl leki uingzd miil`nihte` mi`pza jke

.mirbtp `l

.10.cwtzl mileki mpi` ovng `lle mzlertl ovng yexcy miwciig ,miipxie` -miiaex`

.11mpi` ovng mr rbna mià mdyke ovng lr miqqazn mpi`y ,miipxie` l` - miiaex`p`

.cwtzl mileki

.12.mixirf miig mixevi -minfipbxeèxwin

.13xneg -alg zvneg -zihwl dvneg .dqiqz jxr dictiwien dgwlp dqiqzd ly ef dxcbd

xnyn xneg ìd ef dvneg .ovng xcrida fewelb ly mixneg selig ly iteq xvezk xvepy

.aeyg

.14.ewxtzd xnega miievnd mixkeqd lky xg`l wx rvazdl dleki ef diilr


67

,miiaexi` miwciig ly zycegn zegztzdl znxeb ovngl xnegd ly dtiyg lk

df jildzl èd s` mxeb min mr rbn lk ,uingzd lewlwl minxebd15ef dtiyg ,

elewlwle eyetirl znxeb16.

dqiqzd jildzl drxtd didz `le ,dèaza mixkeq mpyi cer lk ,ok lr

jiyni df jildz17`le ,elvepi dèaza mixkeqd lk dqiqzd jildz ly eneiqa .

.wva zxivi ikildz dèaza gztl zexyt` didz

xevil ick fewelbl miwewf mixnyd ,gnwd ly dgtzd xevil icky meyn z`f

gnva miiwd fewelbd lk z` dwxit ziaex`p`d dqiqzdy oeeikne ,zi`z dniyp

.gztzdl mixg` miwciigl zexyt` mey oi` ,mipirxbae

oirxbay zxenyzd ipealg lk ly wexitl mxb dqiqzd jildz ,ok enkoealgk)

(ohelbdgetzl mileki mpi` md okle18.

:qwf x"c azeky itk

Í‡ ,Ì˙·Ë¯‰· ÌÈÓ ËÚÓ Â‚ÙÒ ıÈÓÁ˙‰Ó Â‡ˆÂ‰˘ ÌÈÚ¯Ê‰ ÈÎ ‡ˆÓ�

˙�Î‰Ï ˙Â¯Â˘˜‰ ‰ËÈÁ‰ ˙Â�ÂÎ˙ ˙�ÈÁ·Ó Â˜ÏÂ ,‰ËÈ·� ¯˘ÂÎ Â„·È‡

È�Â·ÏÁ Ë¯Ù·Â ,ÌÈ�Â·ÏÁ‰ Ì‰· Â˜¯Ù˙‰Â ,ÊÏÈÓÚ ˙ÂÏÈÚÙ ‰„¯È -ÌÁÏ

˜Â„ÈÒ ÂÚÈÙÂ‰ ,˙Â˘ÈÓ‚‰Â ‰ÁÈÙ˙‰ ÂÚ‚Ù� ÈÎ ‡ˆÓ� ‰Ù‡Ó ˙�Î‰· .‰ÈÙ‡

.15.mini ly xvw xtqn xg`l ygxzn df jildz

.16`le ,uingzd iab lr zeixhte mixny ly zeayiizdl wxe j` mexbl dleki ef dtiyg

dniypy jkl dnxb ziaexi`p`d zelirtdy meyn ,`zd zniyp jildz z` ycgn ligzdl

.rvazdl lkez `l aey zi`z

.17.el` miwciig ly zegztzd zxyt`n Û -d znx ,mixkeq mpyi cer lky meyn z`f

.18:jeznTHE USE OF SDS POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS FOR DETECTION OF PROTEIN

DEGRADATION DURING SILAGE FERMANATION,zrd azk jeznIsrael J. of Plant Sciences 2000,

48.lèie ililb lèny :i`lwgd xwgnd ldpina y"cbl oeknd ixweg i"r dyrp xwgnd

."dvngd ici lr ètqn xeniy" xweg ipwlee oeknn bxapiie iav 'texte ,myl

ìd ezxhn ,ipexwr oteà ,oirxba miiwd ifkxnd zxenyzd oealg èd ohelbdy oiivl yi

,wva xevil zleki oi` ,miiw eppi`yk e` ,qxdp èdyk ,dgitzd zleki z` wvaa xevil

.gqta ung jk jezne

ziaexi`p` dqiqz ly ziyrnd zernyndy oaen el` mixac jezny ,xnel ozip ok enk

rvazdl mileki `l ,xnega ervea el` mikildzy xg`ly meyn ,dit` e` leyia lyk ìd

.dhigd oirxba mitqep mikildz


68

ÂÏÈÙ‡ ,Ì„‡ ÏÎ‡ÓÏ ¯È˘Î È˙Ï· ‡ˆÓ� ¯ˆÂ˙‰Â ,‰‰Î Ú·ˆÂ ˙Â¯¯ÂÙ˙‰Â

È˙ÂÎÈ‡ ÁÓ˜ ˙�Î‰·19.

Ï˘ ‰ÒÈÒ˙Ï ‰ÓÂ„ ıÈÓÁ˙‰ Ï˘ ‰ÒÈÒ˙‰ ˙ÈÓÈÎ ‰�ÈÁ·Ó˘ ÔÈÈˆÏ ˘È

.ÌÈ‡˙·˘ ÌÈ¯ÎÂÒ‰ ˙‡ ÌÈÏˆ�Ó ÌÈ˜„ÈÈÁ‰ ÌÈ¯˜Ó‰ È�˘· ,˜ˆ·‰

úðéçáîúðéçáîúðéçáîúðéçáî åúåòîùîååúåòîùîååúåòîùîååúåòîùîå ,õéîçúä,õéîçúä,õéîçúä,õéîçúä úøéö÷úøéö÷úøéö÷úøéö÷ áìùáìùáìùáìù .á.á.á.á

õîçõîçõîçõîç øåñéàøåñéàøåñéàøåñéà

xqìdle uingdl dhig dleki dlecib jildza aly dfi`n xxal dqpp df wxta

.gqta

dlyade bpec zlyad ,alg zlyad :mialy dyelyl zwlgp dhigd oirxb zginv

.d`ln

ly alyd oia z`vnp dhigd eay alya zrvazn ziahind uingzd zxivw

xg`l ycegk èd df aly ,bpecd zlyad zligz oial alg zlyad seq

zelazydd20.

yaid xnegd feg` ,d`ln dlyade bpec zlyad alyl zxaer dhigdy xg`l

dèazd z` uingdl zexyt` oiè ,deab èd21.

'nba(`"r an migqt):xn`p,"ÌÈÁ·Ë Ï˘ ÔÏÈÓÚ ...ÁÒÙ· ÔÈ¯·ÂÚ ÂÏ‡Â"i"yx xàe

.ung èdy rnyn ok mè ,`vni laae d`xi laa migah ly olinr lr xaery mewna

jynda dxà `xnbd(a"r an)èd migah ly olinry‰‡Â·˙ ˙Ù"‰‡È·‰ ‡Ï˘

˘ÈÏ˘."‡Ó‰ÂÊ‰ ˙·‡Â˘Â ‰¯È„˜ ÈÙ ÏÚ ‰ÁÈ�Ó˘

.19,qwf .n:mixagn 101 'qn dcy zekild ,"ung xeqi` `ll gqta dhig uingz zpkd" jezn

.myl .i ,odk .y ,dad zipei ,ililb .y ,oiilw 'i

.20eay alyd dgixtd aly z` epyi df aly xg`l ,dlrd ocpn zleaiyd zìvi -zelazyd

.ef zleaiyn migxtd mi`vei

.21zecinre dvngd litext ,zelkrpe inik akxd lr dhig wxil uingz itqez zrtyd :d`x

'nr bxapiie .ve og .i ,xqe .n ,oeqpex` .b ,geex .y ,oicr .b ,oeneleq .x :z`n ziaexi` dtiygl

alya miliyan mixikand mipfdyk ,mipfd oia milcad mpyiy oiivl yi ok enk ,8

.xzei mixge`n mialya miliyan milit`d eliè xzei mincwen

jxevl mixvwp mipirxbd ,d`ln zelyaae ,xivg xear dhigd z` mixvew bpecd alya

xfl e` /dnda /mc` lk`n.ywl mixvwp milrde lerabd ,dàd dpya dri


69

dpyna zàen oke(b"n `"t dlg)dèaz m`d minkgl xfril` iax oia zwelgn

:zaiig dpi` xfril` iax zrcle zaiig minkg zrcl ,dlga zaiig yily dìad `ly

¯ÊÚÈÏ‡ '¯ ˘ÈÏ˘ ‰‡È·‰ ‡Ï˘ ‰‡Â·˙Â ...˙Â¯˘ÚÓ‰ ÔÓ ÌÈ¯ÂËÙÂ ‰ÏÁ· ÔÈ·ÈÈÁ ÂÏ‡"

."‰ÏÁ‰ ÔÓ ‰¯ÂËÙ ˘ÈÏ˘ ‰‡È·‰ ‡Ï˘ ‰‡Â·˙ ¯ÓÂ‡

inlyexid xìa(my)xn`pe gqta mgl xn`p oipaxc `nrh dn" :mzwelgn z`

xn`py mgl s` unge dvn icil à èdy xac gqta xn`py mgl dn dlga mgl

n ,unge dvn icil à èdy xac dlgaenixz ok oxeb znexzk xfrl iaxc `nrh d

iaxl zile yily eìady zexitn ef s` yily eìady zexitn oxeb znexz dn dze`

ici da `vei mc` oiè dlga zaiig dpi` xfrl iax mya ipz gky` mgl mgl xfrl

."gqta ezaeg

df oic ,dlga zaiig yily dìad `ly dèazy mixaeqd minkg zrcly ,oaen

.ung meyn dxeq` yily dìad `ly dèazy ,gqtn cnlp

m"anxd wqt minkg zrck(b"d e"t mixekia zekld)f"acxde qewxew i"xdnd exìa ,

.dvingn ,yily dìad `ly dèazy miyyeg ok lre minkgk dkldy ,mewna

:zxq`p i`ce dèazd eay alyd edn oiadl yi ,ok m`

inlyexia :zerc dnk opyi yily zxcbda(a"d `"t zexyrna oke b"d `"t dlg),àen

:ginvdl leki rxfdy¯·„ ÍÚ¯Ê ˙‡Â·˙ ÏÎ ˙‡ ¯˘Ú˙ ¯˘Ú ·È˙Î ‡¯ÈÚÊ È·¯ ¯Ó‡"

."ÁÈÓˆÓÂ Ú¯Ê� Â�È‡˘ ˘ÈÏ˘Ó ˙ÂÁÙ ‡ˆÈ ÁÈÓˆÓÂ Ú¯Ê� ‡Â‰˘

lwynd yily ,iteqd gtpd yily :yilyd zxcbdl zetqep zerc eàed mipey`xa

lcebdn ziriyz oke ,iteqd xvendn yily lawl xyt` `vnp ixtd eay aly ,iteqd

dèazd ly ilniqwnd22.

elqk ikcxn 'text i"tr23leki rxfd ea alyd cr ,dhigd zelazydn xaerd onfd ,

,mini 9 xg`l èd ixh rxfdyk lwynde gtpd yilyyk ,mini 25-k mixaer ,ginvdl

mini 16 xg`l èd yai rxfdyk lwynde gtpd yilye24.

.22.(aze` h"d c"t) ux`d zay d`x

.23."dèaza yily zàd" ,46 'nrn lgd eh oinegz

.24-myl lèie oiilw ryedi x"c ,dad zipei ,qwf x"c ly mxn`na ok mb àed dnec aeyig

'dcy zekild'a ok mb dàed xn`nd zivnz) c"pyz xc` 'e zxaeg c"r jxk dcyd zxaeg

xg`l ycegk) bpec zlyad zligza oirxbd ly dhiapd zlekiy ,(17-18 'nr 128 'aeg

mzceary yibcdl yi ,d`ln dhiapk xcben df fog` ,mirxfd lkkn 85% -k dzid (dgixtd


70

xeqi` oke ,ungn d`pd xeqi` - `ziixe`c ixeqià miwqer ep`y oeeikn ,ok m`

.yily ly xzeia ohwd xeriyl yeygl yi ,`vni lae d`xi la

ìd xacd zernyndìad dhigd ea onfa rvazn dhigd uingz zxivwy

yily25xqìdl dleki dhigy èd i`ce dfk alyae ,.

çñôáçñôáçñôáçñôá åúîäáìåúîäáìåúîäáìåúîäáì ïâãïâãïâãïâã éðéòøâéðéòøâéðéòøâéðéòøâ úðéúðúðéúðúðéúðúðéúð .â.â.â.â

ikcxna àen gqta ezndal epzpy mixery xeria aeigl xewnd'iq migqt)

(evwzgwexd mya(dtx 'iq)·ÈÈÁ Â¯È¯· Ì˙Â‡ ÍÏÎÏÓ ÒÂÒ‰Â ,ÌÈÒÂÒÏ ÌÈ¯ÂÚ˘ Ô˙Â�‰"

,"ıÈÓÁÓ„ ¯Ú·Ï:gwexa oeyld jke

Ì‡ ÔÈËÈÁ ÒÂÚÏÈ ‡Ï ÂÓÎ ıÈÓÁÓ˘ ¯Ú·Ï ÍÈ¯ˆ ¯È¯ ‡ÈˆÂÓÂ ÌÈÒÂÒÏ Ô˙Â�‰

ÔÈÏÙÂ�‰ ÔÈ¯È¯ ˙ÂÎÓ 'ÒÓ· ÚÓ˘Ó„ ¯Ú·Ï ·ÈÈÁ ÔÈ·ÂÒ ÔÏÈÎ‡ÓÂ ÌÈ˘·Î ÂÏ ˘È

ÔÈÏÂ˙ ˜¯Ù· ˙·˘·Â ‰˜˘Ó ÈÂ‰„ ÌÈ˘„Ú·(`"r `nw)ÏÚ È¯È¯ ‰Ï ˙È‡ ‰¯Ù

.ıÈÓÁÈ ÔÙ ¯È‡˘È˘ ‰Ó ¯Ú·Ï ÍÈ¯ˆ ÔÎ

'nbd èd mzrcl oicd xewn(an migqt):"Â˙ÎÓ ÏÚ ÌÁÈ�‰ÏÂ ÌÈËÁ ÒÂÚÏÏ ÔÈ‡"

r"yeha ok mb wqtp df oic ,wexdn evingi `ny yygn(eqz 'iq g"e`).

z` xral yi cinzy ,ipexwr yyga xaecn m`d èd mipexgà àeny oeicd

xix oi` cer lke ,mxral aiig xix mdilr yiy `vnyk wx `ny e` ,exzepy mixeryd

.ax onf my eid m` mb mxral aiig epi`

g"ad(eqz 'iq g"e`):wtqd iccv ipy z` ìan

¯‡Â·ÓÂ ÔÈ¯·ÂÚ ÂÏ‡ ˜¯Ù ÈÎ„¯Ó‰ Â‡È·ÓÂ ‰Ù¯ 'ÈÒ Á˜Â¯· Î"Î 'ÂÎÂ Ô˙Â�‰

Ô�È˜ÊÁÓ ‡Ï ¯È¯ ‡ˆÂÓ Â�È‡· Ï·‡ ¯È¯ ‡ˆÂÓ· ‡Ï‡ ¯ÂÒÈ‡ ÔÈ‡˘ Ì‰È¯·„Ó

ÚÓ˘ÓÂ ¯˙Â�‰ ÏÎ ¯Ú·Ï Ì˙Ò· ·˙Î Â"È¯‰Ó Â‰ÈÓ ¯È¯ Ô‰ÈÏÚ ‰È‰˘ ‡¯ÂÒÈ‡

.‰¯È˙È ˙Â¯È‰ÊÂ ‡¯ÓÂÁ È‡„Â Â‰ÊÂ ¯È¯ ‡ˆÂÓ Â�È‡· Û‡

dyn ikxca ìad oke(` w"q eqz 'iq g"e`):

‡"Ï· Ô"È„·‡‰ Ô‰Ï ÔÈ�˙Â�˘Î Â¯‰ÊÈ ÌÈÒÂÒ Ô‰Ï ˘È˘ Ô˙Â‡Â Â"È¯‰Ó ˙Â˘¯„·Â

Ï"È¯‰Ó·Â Ï"ÎÚ ıÈÓÁÓ Â¯È¯„ ÏÎ‡˘ ¯Á‡Ï ÒÂ·‡‰ ÍÂ˙· È„ÈÓ ¯ÈÈ˘È ‡Ï˘

ginvd `l ,yaei `l j` bpec zlyada did mpn`y oirxb ,oirxbd z` eyaiiy xg`l dzyrp

.llk

.25.`"hily iginr dcedi axd il dxed jk


71

¯È¯Ó ıÈÓÁÈ ¯‡˘È Ì‡˘ ËÚÓ ËÚÓ ÒÂÒ‰Ï Ô˙È ÏÚÂ˘ ˙ÏÂ·˘ Ô˙Â�‰Â ·Â˙Î

Ì˙Ò„ ÚÓ˘Ó ÔÈ¯·ÂÚ ÂÏ‡ ˘È¯· ÈÎ„¯Ó‰ ‡È·‰˘ Á˜Â¯‰ È¯·„Ó Ï·‡ ÒÂÒ‰

ÔÈ‡„ Â�È·¯ È¯·„ ˙ÂÚÓ˘ÓÂ ‡ˆÓ˘ ¯˙Â�‰ ¯Ú·Ï ·ÈÈÁÂ ÌÈ¯ÂÚ˘‰ ÍÏÎÏÓ ÒÂÒ

.˜ÙÒÓ ˘ÂÁÏ

xagnd oeyln(a 'rq eqz 'iq g"e` r"ey):xral jixv xix `vnyk wxy oaenÔ˙Â�‰"

Â˙Ó‰·Ï ÌÈ¯ÂÚ˘¯È¯ Ì‰· ‡ˆÓÂ"Ì¯Ú·Ï ÍÈ¯ˆ ,`"nxa eàed zercd izy(my):Ï·‡"

ÏÚ Û‡ ,‰Ó‰·‰ ÔÓ ¯˙Â�‰ ÏÎ ¯Ú·Ï ÔÈ¯ÈÓÁÓ ˘ÈÂ ,ÏË· ¯·ÎÂ ÏÈ‡Â‰ ,˘ÂÁÏ ÔÈ‡ Ì˙ÒÓ

,"¯È¯ ÂÈÏÚ ‰‡Â¯ ÔÈ‡˘ ÈÙyeald eazk oke(a 'rq eqz 'iq g"e`)y"dexre(eqz 'iq g"e`).

`"bnd(b w"q eqz oniq g"e`)zzl yi okle mixne` yik xingdl yi dyrnly hwep

.evingi `ly ick mrt lka hrn wx dndal

mewna xàn a"nd(a w"q)lr xeari mxrai `l m`y ,mixeryd z` xral jixvy

.`vni lae d`xi la ly `ziixe`c xeqi`

,h"dàae awri wga(mipexg`d mya a"na c"aed)xingdl yi i`cea dxte xeya

.mzlikà xix miìveny reciy meyn mzqd on elit`

,gqta dndal uingdl milekiy mipirxb zzl ipexwr xeqi` oi`y oaen ,ok m`

d`xp okl icinz yyg edf dxtae ,wexd i"r evingi `l el` mipirxby `ceel yiy `l`

,uingi `l èdy jk lr gwtl zleki oi`y oeeikn ,mipirxb zzl oi` epinia dyrnly

.dpizpd mvra xeqi` oi` j`

çççç úøãâäúøãâäúøãâäúøãâä .ã.ã.ã.ãõîõîõîõî

cala obc ipin zyngn dyrpd èd dxezd on xq`py ungddvne ung m"anx)

(`"d d"tmin mr rbna eày ,(fqz 'iq g"e` r"ey).

meyn xqìdl dleki ,yily dìad `ly dèaz ,lirl epi`xy itk ,ok enk

.ung

mihg :dvingd min mr rbna dày dèazy jkl mipniq xtqn exkfp r"eya

ozi`xn dpzypy mihge zerwean mihg ,zegnevn(fqz 'iq g"e` r"ey).

äàåáúääàåáúääàåáúääàåáúä úáèøäúáèøäúáèøäúáèøä ùùçùùçùùçùùç .ä.ä.ä.ä

ux`d ly miinexcd mixefà hay yceg seq oia rvazn uingzd zxivw onf

uingzd z` xevwl `ly dctwd dpyi ,ux`d ly miipetvd mixefà oqip ycegl


72

myb yi ea onfa26axrzi èd `ny ,cxeid lhl yeygl yi m`d oegal ok m` yi ,

uingzl jetdz ìdy mcew ,zixeqi` dpigan dzvngdl mexbie dèaza27.

inlyexia(`"d b"t migqt):xn`p

ÛÏÁÈÓ ‰�¯ÁÂ ¯ÈÒ‡ ‰��ËÓ È¯˘ ÔÈ·˘Ú· ¯Ó‡ „Á ‡�Ó È·¯Â ‰È��Á È·¯

ÔË˜ÂÏ· È¯˘ 'È·˘Ú· ¯Ó‡„ Ô‡ÓÎ ÂÏÈÙ‡Â ÏÏ‰ È·¯„ ‰È¯· ‰È��Á È·¯ 'Ó‡

.ÔÂ‰�ÈÓ ‡‚ÈÈÙ ‡ÏË„ ‰Ó ÔÏÚÓÏÂ ˙ÂÚ˘ ˘˘Ó

:mewna dcrd oaxw xìa

¯ÂÒ‡ ‰��ËÓ ¯˙ÂÓ ÌÈÁÏ Ì‰˘ ÌÈ·˘Ú‰ ÏÚ ÌÈËÈÁ‰ ÁÈ�‰Ï È¯˘ ÔÈ·˘Ú·

‡˜Â„ ÔÈ·˘Ú· ¯È˙Ó„ Ô‡ÓÏ ÂÏÈÙ‡ ¯ÂÒ‡ ‰ÁÏ ¯ÙÚ ÏÚ ÌÈËÈÁ‰ ÁÈ�‰Ï

˙ÈÁÂÏÁÏ Ì‰· ÔÈ‡Â Ì‰Ó ÏË‰ ‡ˆÈ ¯·Î˘ ˙ÂˆÁ ¯Á‡Ï ÌÈ·˘Ú‰ ËÏ˜˘Î

,"¯ÂÒ‡ ‰·¯‰ ÔÈÏÁÏÂÏÓÂ Ô‰ÈÏÚ ÏË‰˘ ˙ÂˆÁ Ì„Â˜ Ï·‡ ÍÎ ÏÎ

`"xbd xìa oke(d 'rq eqz 'iq g"e`)scpzn lhdy zexnl ezrcle inlyexid z`

.meid zevga wx znlrp zigelgld ,zery rax` cr

r"eya wqtp oke(d 'rq eqz 'iq g"e`):"ıÈÓÁÓ ÏË‰"y"dexrae(eqz 'iq g"e`):

ÔÎ ÂÓÎ ÌÈÓÏ ÂÈ‰Â ÂÒÓÈ�˘Î Á¯˜Â ¯ÂÙÎÂ „¯·Â ÏË ÔÎÂ ıÂÓÈÁ È„ÈÏ ‡È·Ó ÌÈÓ˘ Ì˘Î"

."ÌÈÓÎ ÌÈÓ ˙Â„ÏÂ˙

azeky itk ,mihigd lk z` dvingn lh ztih lky dpeekd oi`y d`xp ,z`f mr

daeyz ixry(fqz oniq)alyl dxivwd aly oia mihigd lr ltpy lhl miyyeg `ly

,dyicdgqta zevn el` mihign zet`l s` mixizne.

a"n(ak w"q eqz 'iq)xeriy edy md m` wx mivingn miwynd zrayy xàn

:wqr `la uenigÚ¯‚ ‡Ï„ ıÂÓÈÁ ¯ÂÚÈ˘ ˜ÒÚ ‡Ï· ‰‰˘ Ì‡ Â�ÈÈ‰ ÔÈˆÈÓÁÓ„ È�‰ ÏÎ"

,"ıÂÓÈÁ È„ÈÏ ‡· Â�È‡ ˙Â˜ÒÚ˙‰ È"Ú„ ÌÈÓÓl"dan oaen oke(d 'rq eqz 'iq g"e`)inay

.jka xingdl oi` mihga `zerix dz`xp `l cer lk ,g"ra ly milbx

.26,70% n xzei deab èd aehxd xnegd feg`yk ,xvwpd xnegd ly ezeki` .` :zeaiq dnkn

.mikxca zei`ynde oiianewd zriwy ly yyg yi .a .daeh dxeva qeqzi `l uingzd

.27zrya dzahxda llk jxev oi` ,ziahind zegld znxa zxvwp dhigdyky oiivl yi

dhig miaaxrnd mpyi ,ievxdn dkenp zegld znxy dcy yi mda mixwna sè ,wecidd

dnxl jildzd ly eteqa miribn jke ,ievxdn ddeab ìd zegld znx eay xg` dcyn

.dievxd


73

dhigd xaecn da zeìvnay meyn ,uingza lhl yeygl oi`y ,d`xp ok lr

getn ici lr dzvivw xg`l daebl dze` sirn oiianewde ,meid jyna zxvwpdlert)

(dyeaiil mb mexbl dlekiy.dèaza lhd ly dyile aexir oi`y i`cee ,

`"hily lìx` i"xbd azeky itke28:'‡ˆÓÈ Ï·'Â '‰‡¯È Ï·' ÔÈ�ÚÏ ÌÈ�„ Â�‡˘Î"

."ÂÏ ˘Â˘ÁÏ ÔÈ‡Â ÍÎ ÏÎ ıÈÓÁÓ Â�È‡ ÏÈ‚¯ ÏË˘ ‰‡¯� ,‰¯ˆ˜�˘ ‰‡Â·˙·

z` eaxr m`y ìd uingn lhy r"eyde inlyexid zpeeky xnel d`xp okl

ìd if` ,lha dze` eyl e` dèazdz` xqe` dèaza lh ly rbn lk `le ,dvingn

xivwd zrya jzgpy oirxbl mly oirxb oia lcad oi` ef dpigane ,iciin oteà dlek29.

ieqikl ,dxvwnd ici lr dèazd zxivw aly oia minyb ecxi ea dxwna ,z`f mr

ickn xzei min mr cgia dzdy dxvwpy dèazdy jkl yeygl yi ,oeliip ici lr xead

ung oick ìd ef dèaz oic ok lre ,lin xeriy30.

úåøéôúåøéôúåøéôúåøéô éîëéîëéîëéîë åúøãâäåúøãâäåúøãâäåúøãâä ïéðòìïéðòìïéðòìïéðòì -äèéçä-äèéçä-äèéçä-äèéçä ïéòøâïéòøâïéòøâïéòøâ .å.å.å.å

mind feg` ,iahind oteà rvazi uenigd jildzy zpn lr ,lirl epi`xy itk

,le`yl ok m` yi ,65% l 70% oia repl jixv ,oirxbd ode lerabd od dllka dèaza

:oirxba mi`vnpd mind ly izkldd mcnrn dn

`xnba(`"r n migqt)izy jexgl xzen m`d àxl iia` oia zwelgn dàed

:eicgi mileay‡ÈÓ È˜Ù� ‡ÓÏÈ„ È„„‰ È„‰· ÈÏÂ·È˘ È¯˙ ˘È�È‡ ÍÂ¯ÁÈÏ ‡Ï ÈÈ·‡ ¯Ó‡Â"

˜ÈÙ� ‡ÓÏÈ„ ÈÓ� ‡„Á ÂÏÈÙ‡ ÈÎ‰ È‡ ‡·¯ ‰ÈÏ ¯Ó‡ ıÂÓÈÁ È„ÈÏ ‡È˙‡Â Í„È‡ ÚÏ·Â È‡‰Ó

ÔÈˆÈÓÁÓ Ô�È‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓÂ Â‰�È� ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ ‡·¯ ¯Ó‡ ‡Ï‡ ‡˘È¯ Í„È‡ ÚÏ·Â ‡˘È¯ È‡‰Ó

,"ÈˆÓÁÓ ‡Ï Â‰ÈÈÏ„Ó ·‚‡ ÏÎ„ ‡È‰‰Ó ÈÈ·‡ ‰È· ¯„‰Âmeyn jexgl oi` iia` zrcl

.28.an 'iq d"g dxez ly dldeà

.29uingzd zenky oeeikny gipdl xiaq ok enk .`"hily iginr dcedi axd il dxed jk

dnec xacd okl gqta llk df uingzn egwii `ly okzi ,dnly dpyl zcrein zxveind

àeny itk ,leha lireny evingd dnixrd zizgzay mihg `ny wtq yi ea dxwnl

zirwxwa yi `ny yyege ,mihg mi`ln zexea el yiy l`xyi" :c 'rq fqz 'iq g"e` r"eya

my) a"nd xìa ,"ibq `nlra lehiaa ,ux`de xead zegln mirwean mihg eizexiwae xead

l"zè evngzp `l `ny q"qc cere zletn eilr dltpy ungl aygp xacdy" (`k w"q

."eytrzp `ny evngzp

.30.oldl d`x -zexit ine min ly aeliy iabl ,`"hily lìx` i"xbd il dxed jk


74

,diipyd zleaiyd z` uingdl mileki zg` zleaiyn mi`veid mind `ny miyyegy

in lyk md zleaiyay mind zxcbdy meyn mind zìvil yeygl oi` ,àx zrcle

.zexit

zecleze min wx md gqta dhigd z` mixqe`d miny `"ahixd azky itke

:miwynd x`y lk `le ,mind

ÔÓ˜Ï Ô�È¯Ó‡ ‡‰„ ‡˜ÂÂ„ Â‡Ï Ô�È¯Ó‡„ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ È�‰„ Ï"Ê Ë"È¯‰ ·˙ÎÂ

(`"r el migqt)·˙ÎÂ ÌÈÈÁ ÈÏÚ· Ï˘ ÈÂ‰„ ‚"Ú‡Â ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ ·È˘Á ‡·ÏÁ„

ıÂÁ ¯ÈÓÁ‰ÏÂ Ï˜‰Ï ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ ÏÏÎ· ÌÈ˜˘Ó‰ ÏÎ˘ Ï"Ê ‰"‡¯‰ Â·¯ Ì˘·

.ÌÈÓ‰ ˙Â„ÏÂ˙Â ÌÈÓ‰ ÔÓ

ef mileaiyd zkixg oiprl ,ea xfg iia`y `xnba oaeny itk ,àxk wqtp dkldl

ixi`n :mihwep jke ,efa(`"r n migqt)s"ix ,(eitca `"r ai migqt)y"`x ,'iq a"t migqt)

(ckr"yeh ,(` 'rq bqz 'iq g"e`)m"anxdn ok mb oaen jk ,(e"d ,d"t dvne ung)zxcbdy

gnvdn `veid lfep lk ìd zexit in31.

.zexit in oick èd dèaza mi`vnpd mind oic ,ok m`

.31n migqt) `xnba àend `pyia`c àvg oicl uingzd xea oic z` zencl ozip dxe`kl

,"ixy inp `tiwf elit` xn` àx xeq` `tiwf ixy `tigq `pyia`c àvg i`d" :(`"r

my zzl xzen ,xepza zeilw ekeza miyaiiny cka xaecny àvg d"c mewna i"yx xìa

,micxei md m` oiae my mix`yp mihigdn mi`veid mind m` oia myaiile gqta mihig

.àxl dcen iia` mb dfae

ea oiyainy ck ède `peyia`c àvg dzrne" :df oic z` mewna ixi`nd xìa jke

dhnl miaf mdn mi`veid mind e`vnpy dhnl ckd it m` xnel jixv oi` xepza zeilwd

minde ekxck ckd sewf did m` s` `l` uingn epi` dfa `veiky lke miakrzn mpiè

."oivingn oi` zexit ine md zexit iny xzen daxd my miakrzne eileya mivawzn

mdy ,zexit in l`k ckd jeza mihigdn mi`veid milfepl zeqgiizddy mdixacn oaen

dèazdy ,uingzd xeaa zeìvnd ef s`y xnel ozip oke ,mihigd z` mivingn mpi`

.da mi`vnpd milfepd ici lr zvngzn dyrnl


75

úåøéôúåøéôúåøéôúåøéô éîéîéîéî .æ.æ.æ.æ32

'nba(`"r dl migqt):xn`p‰˘ÂÏÈ�˘ ‰ÒÈÚ ˘È˜Ï ˘È¯ ¯Ó‡ ‰�Á ¯· ¯· ‰·¯ ¯Ó‡"

ÔÈ‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓÂ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ Â‰Ï ÂÂ‰„ ,˙¯Î ‰ˆÂÓÈÁ ÏÚ ÔÈ·ÈÈÁ ÔÈ‡ ˘·„Â ÔÓ˘Â ÔÈÈ·

."ÔÈˆÈÓÁÓ

mivingn mpi` mdy dxn` `xnbdyk m`d mipey`xd ewlgp ef `xnb zpada

mdilr aiigzdl ick mivingn mpi`y e` ,llk mivingn mpi` mdy ìd dpeekd

.dywep ung xeqi` meyn mda yi j` ,zxka

ììëììëììëììë íéöéîçîíéöéîçîíéöéîçîíéöéîçî íðéàùíðéàùíðéàùíðéàù íéøáåñäíéøáåñäíéøáåñäíéøáåñä33:

zetqeza(a"r dl migqt)mpi` zexit iny xaeqd z"x ly ezrc zàen

drc ,uingdl mixdnn min mda axir m` j` ,gqta mda yell xzene ,mivingn

y"`xa ok mb dàed z"x ly ef(bi 'iq a"t migqt).

ixi`nt)(`"r dl migq:ÔÈ‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ ¯‡˘Â ˘·„Â ÔÓ˘· Â‡ ÔÈÈ· ‰˘ÂÏÈ�˘ ‰ÒÈÚ"

ÔÈˆÈÓÁÓ ÔÈ‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ˘ ÏÏÎ ıÂÓÈÁ È„ÈÏ ‰‡· ‰�È‡˘ È�ÙÓ ˙¯Î ‰ˆÂÓÁ ÏÚ ÔÈ·ÈÈÁ

."ÌÈÓ È„È ÏÚ ‡Ï˘ ‰¯Ó‡� ‡˜Â„ ÍÎÏÈ‰Â

`"ahixd xaeq oke(`"r dl migqt).z"xk ìd dklddy ,

.uingdl mixdnn md min zexitd ina miaxernyk mzrcl ,z`f mr

m"anx :ewqt jke(a"d ,d"t dvne ung)i"a ,(aqz 'iq g"e`)r"ey ,(` 'rq aqz 'iq g"e`).

mdyk ,zexit inl zeqgiizdd r"eyde ,ixi`nd ,`"ahixd ,'qezd zrcl ok m`

.mivingn mpi`y llk min mr rbna mià mpi`

:äù÷åð:äù÷åð:äù÷åð:äù÷åð õîçõîçõîçõîç éãëéãëéãëéãë íéöéîçîùíéöéîçîùíéöéîçîùíéöéîçîù íéøáåñäíéøáåñäíéøáåñäíéøáåñä

i"yx zrcl(zexit in d"c `"r el migqt)zexitd in ly mvenig lr miaiig `l

c"a`xd xaeq oke ,dywep ung mdy `l` ,zxk(a"d ,d"t dvne ung)azk jke ,

o"xd z"eya(hp 'iq):dywep ung oicn mixeq` zexit iny mixaeql yeygl yiy

daxde l"f i"yx ixacl zexeq` eidi mdd mihgd ok xacd 'it`y cere"

ikde ,ied `din dywep oivingn oi` zexit inc idpc mixaeq mdy miyxtndn

.32lry ,min mr zexit in oica `le ,mivingn mcal zexit in m`d dl`ya wx oecp df wxta

.uingdl mixdnn mdy miwqetae mipey`xa wleg oi` jk

.33.jynda jk lr d`x ,degce ,onwl zàend ,i"yx zrc lr ewlg el` mipey`xy oiivl yi


76

la` `kilc èd zxk `nl` ,zxk dvenig lr oiaiig oi` opixn`c `pyil wiic

."`ki` `din `xeqi`

`"nxd xaeq oke(c 'rq aqz 'iq g"e`)xìae ,zexit ina yell oi` dligzkly ,

a"nd(eh w"q my).el`d mipey`xd zercl yyeg èdy ,

.eicgi mihge zexit in dligzkl axrl oi` el` zercl ok m`

úåøéôúåøéôúåøéôúåøéô éîéîéîéî áøòìáøòìáøòìáøòì ïéàùïéàùïéàùïéàù íéøáåñäíéøáåñäíéøáåñäíéøáåñä úòãáúòãáúòãáúòãá ïåéãïåéãïåéãïåéã .ç.ç.ç.ç

íéèçåíéèçåíéèçåíéèçå

`ny e` llk mivingn mpi` zexit in m`d zwelgn dpyi lirl epi`xy itk

mb yegl yi el` zercl m`d oecl yi epiiprl ok mè ,dywep ung ick mivingn

.dhigd oirxba mi`vnpd minl

xzeny ,àx ly epic z` ezriqe i"yx exài cvik le`yl yi ,z`f mr cgi

.dligzkl s` ok zeyrl xzen ezrcle ,zexit in el` ixde ,cgi mileaiy izy jexgl

'qezd xìa(`"r cp zegpn)`le ,dywep unga xaecny oeeikny i"yx zrca

efy meyn mdn e`viy min ici lr mipirxbd zvngdl miyyeg `l ,zxk xeqià

`giky `ly `zlin34.

ixi`na èvnl ozip sqep oeeik(`"r dl migqt):mivxzn yi mya azeky

,"‰˘˜Â� È„ÈÏ Û‡ ‡· Â�È‡ ‰˘ÈÏ È„È ÏÚ ‰‡· ‰�È‡˘ ¯Á‡Ó˘"xaecny oeeikny epiidc

uenigl miyyeg `l ,mzyila `le mileaiyd zkixga wx35f"hd azk oke ,'iq g"e`)

(a w"q bqz`linn ày xac j` ,miicia zaexrz zeyrl wx ìd zexit ina `xnegdy

:el miyyeg `l˙Â˘ÚÏ ‡Ï˘ Â�ÈÈ‰ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ· ÔÈ¯ÈÓÁÓ Â�‡˘ ‰Ó„ ‡ÓÚË Ï"�Â"

."¯˙ÂÓ„ ‡�È„‡ ‰ÈÏ Ô�È˜·˘ ‡ÏÈÓÓ ‡· ‡Â‰ Ì‡ Ï·‡ ÌÈ„È· ˙Â·Â¯Ú˙‰

axd r"eya mb èvnl ozip sqep oeeik(i 'rq aqz 'iq g"e`)ina yygdy xàny ,

:min mda eaxrzp `ny èd zexit‡Ó˘ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ ÏÎ· ÔÈ˘˘ÂÁ Â�‡˘ Â�È‚‰�ÓÏ"

.34.zxk xeqià xaecn `ly jk lr qqean zetqezd ly df xzidy yibcdl yi

.35.(ìpz d"c `"r el migqt mzkna c"aed) dnlydd lra ok mb uxzn jke


77

"ÌÈÓ Ì‰· ·¯Ú˙�36Â·È˘ È˙˘· ˙Â‡ÈˆÓ‰ ÂÏÈ‡Â ,,Ì‰Ó ÌÈ‡ˆÂÈ‰ ÌÈÓ ÂÏ‡˘ ‡È‰ ÌÈÏ

.˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ· ÂÏ‡‰ ÌÈ�ÈÚ¯‚‰ ˙‡ ÂÏ˘·˘ ‡ÏÂ

jeza z`vnp dèazd ea dxwna ,zexit inl miyyegd zrcl s`y ,d`xp ok m`

yeygl oi` ,gnvd jeza `linn miniiwd milfepd md zexitd ine ,uingzd xea

.zexit in ici lr dèazd zvngdl

õéîçúäõéîçúäõéîçúäõéîçúä øåîéùøåîéùøåîéùøåîéù .è.è.è.è

ynzydl laewn xeniyd jxevl ,exeniy ok mb èd uingzd zpkd jildzn wlg

iziiyrz glne mixcd zetilw :mixneg ipya37.

ly zegztzd jk jezne ovng ly dqipk repnl zpn lr èd df xeniya jxevd

.uingzd z` lwlwl dyrnl milekiy ,miiaexi` miwciig

zenka ozip glnd eliè ,uingzd lr n"q 30 -20 -k ly daeba od zetilwd

dliren gln ly dphw zenky jk ,uingzd ipt lr raexn xhnl b"w 3-4 k ly

.uingz ly ce`n dax zenk xnyl zpn lr

miax miwyn mpyie ,uingzd xeniyl dqiqzd jildz oia xyw oi` ,z`f mr

ahid eze` miqkn wx `l` ,èdy lk xnega uingzd z` miqkn mpi` s`y

.oeliipa

mind z`tn zeiziira dpyi mixcd zetilwa uingzd z` miqknyky ,oaen

irah oteà mix`yp el` mine ,mzhigq iptl mixcdd z` mda mitheyy

in oick eze` zevingn md ,uingzd mr rbnl zeribn zetilwdyky ixd ,zetilwa

uingdl mixdnny min mr miaxernd zexit38.

.36eh w"q aqz 'iqa a"nd azk oke ,(c 'rq aqz 'iq g"e`) y"dexra ok mb àen df yyg

.diipy zexytà

.37z` minhe` wx `l` ,mdylk xeniy ixnega miynzyn `l llky miwyn mpyi ik m`

.xeniya jxevd zpigan jka ice ,ahid uingzd

.38ayeg dyrn z"eyae ,'gqta ztxa dhig uingz' :h oinegz cec lèny axd eazky itk

xeq`l èd meik geexd bdpnd df dxwnae ,'gqta zendal obc uingz zaexrz' :b 'iq e"g

.jka oecp `l ok lr ,gqtl df uingz


78

çìîäçìîäçìîäçìîä ãîòîãîòîãîòîãîòî .é.é.é.é

:dèazd zvngdl mxeb gln m`d ,oecl ok m` yi

'nba(a"r hl migqt):uingn epi` glne onyn dyrpy `wizey xn`pÈ·„ È¯Ó‡"

‡ÁÏÈÓÂ ‡Á˘ÈÓ· ‰È„·Ú„ ‡‰ ‡È˘˜ ‡Ï ¯ÂÒ‡ ‡˜È˙Â ‡È�˙‰Â È¯˘ ‡˜È˙Â ‡ÏÈ˘ È·¯

."‡ÁÏÈÓÂ ‡ÈÓ· ‰È„·Ú„ ‡‰

ixi`nd xàn(a"r hl migqt)ybet èdyke ,mindn xvep glndy zexnly

zeaihxa(ony):min `ll uingn epi`y ohw xeriya xaecn ,lfep zeidl xfeg èd ,

„·Ï ÔÓ˘Â ÁÓ˜· Â˙Â‡ ÔÈ˘ÂÚ˘ ÌÈÓÚÙ ‡˜È˙Â ÂÓ˘˘ ˘È ÁÓ˜ ÏÎ‡Ó

‰Ê ËÚÓ ÁÏÓ Ô˙ÈÏ ÔÈÏÈ‚¯ Ì‰È�˘·Â ÌÈÓ È„È ÏÚ ËÚÓ ÔÓ˘Â ÁÓ˜· ÌÈÓÚÙÂ

Ù"Ú‡Â Â˙Â˘ÚÏ ¯˙ÂÓ ÔÓ˘Â ÁÓ˜ Ï˘ ‡‰ Â˙Â˘ÚÏ ¯ÂÒ‡ ÌÈÓÂ ÁÓ˜·˘

ÌÈÓÏ ¯ÊÂÁÂ Í˙È� ÁÏÓ‰˘ıÈÓÁÓ Â�È‡ ‰Ê ¯ÂÚÈ˘· ÁÏÓ ËÚÓ Ó"Ó

ÌÈÓ ÔÈ‡˘ ÌÂ˜Ó·.

`"ahixd(a"r hl migqt)epi`y glnl qgiizdl ozip cvik ,dl`yl qgiizn mb

zxàn dpey`xd drcd ,df oipra zerc dnk ìane ,mindn èd exewn ixde ,uingn

:mink `le zexit ink ìd ezxcbdyÌÂ˘ÓÂ ‡ÁÏÈÓÂ ‡Á˘Ó· ‡�ÓÈ˜Â‡Â È¯˘ ‡˜È˙Â"

."ÔÈˆÈÓÁÓ ÔÈ‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ„

èd exewny mixda avgpd gln oia zwlgn mixne` yi mya dipyd drcd

:uingn èd jky oeeikne ,mindn yaeiy gln znerl ,uingn epiè ,avgnk˘È"

ÌÈÓÎ ‡Â‰ È¯‰ ÌÈÓ‰ ÔÓ ‰˘Ú�‰ ÁÏÓ Ï·‡ ¯‰‰ ÔÓ ·ˆÁ�‰ ÁÏÓ· ‰Ê˘ ÌÈ¯ÓÂ‡

."¯ÂÒ‡Â

:el miyyeg `l ,hren glna xaecny oeikn zxàn ziyilyd drcdÌÈ¯ÓÂ‡ ˘ÈÂ"

È„Î ËÚÂÓ ÁÏÓ‰˘ ÈÙÏ ‡Î‰„ ‡Ï‡ ÌÈÓÏ Í˙È� ‡Â‰ Ì‚ ¯‰‰ ÔÓ ·ˆÁ�‰ ÁÏÓ ÂÏÈÙ‡˘

."Â˘˘Á ‡Ï ÌÚË ˙�È˙�

èd okle ,onyde gnwd leyia xg`l wx glnd z` mitiqeny ìd ztqep drc

:uingn epi`ÔÓ˘‰Â ÁÓ˜‰ ÂÏ˘·˙�˘Î È¯ÈÈÓ ‡Î‰Â È¯ÈÈÓ ‡ÁÏÈÓ ÏÎ·„ Â˘¯ÈÙ ÌÈ¯Á‡Â"

."ıÂÓÈÁ È„ÈÏ ‡· Â�È‡˘ ÈÂÙ‡Î ‰ÈÏ ‰Â‰„ ÁÏÓ Â· Ô˙� Î"Á‡Â ‰ÙÈ ‰ÏÈÁ˙·

xehd(aqz 'iq g"e`):zexit in l`k glnl qgiizn˙‡ˆÓ� Ì‡˘ ·Â˙Î È˙‡ˆÓ"

‡Â ‡Â‰ ÌÈÓ‰ ˙„ÏÂ˙Ó ÁÏÓ‰ ÈÎ ıÈÓÁÓ ˙ÁÏÁÂÏÓ ‰ËÁ ÁÏÓ·˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ ÏÏÎ· Â�È

‡ÁÏÓÂ ‡Á˘Ó· ‡˜È˙Â Ô�È¯˘ ‡‰„ Ï"� Â�È‡Â˙Â¯ÈÙ ÈÓ ÏÏÎ· ÈÂ‰ ÁÏÓ ÈÓ„ ‡ÓÏ‡."

i"a(aqz 'iq g"e`)'nbdn èd xehd ly epic xewny xàn :(a"r hl migqt)xàne ,

o"xd zrcl s`y(`wize d"ceq s"ixd itca ai sc migqt)èd exewny oeeikn glnl yyegd


79

s` ok xàn ,miyyeg `l hren glnl j` daexn gln ly dxwna wx edf ,mindn

zeipeniin zedbd zrca(d w"q d"t).

:min mr xiyi rbna à èdy dxwna glnl miyyegy xànd dyixtdn oaen oke

‡˙È‡ ÔÎÂ ¯ÂË‰ ˙Ú„Ï ÂÏÈÙ‡ ˘ÂÁÏ ˘È È‡„Â ‰˙Â‡ ÌÈÏ˘·Ó˘ Â�Ï˘ ÁÏÓ· ¯ÓÂÏ Ï"�Â"

,"‡ÏÂ˘È· ÈÚ· ‡ÁÏÈÓ ÔÈ�ÚÏ ˙·˘ ˙ÎÒÓ„ ÈÎ„¯Ó· ‰Ê ˜ÂÏÈÁzedbd iyecign oaen oke

.g"lxdn mya

g"ad zrcl(aqz 'iq g"e`)oial ,dhga izernyn èd glnd ea dxwn oia wlgl yi

:da izernyn epi` èd ea dxwn

˙¯Âˆ ‰�˙˘� ‡Ï˘ ÔÂÈÎ„ ˙ÁÏÁÂÏÓ ‰ËÈÁ· ¯ÈÓÁ‰Ï ‰‡¯� ‰ÎÏ‰ ÔÈ�ÚÏÂ

¯ÂÙÁÈ ‡Ï ˜¯Ù Ô�È¯Ó‡„ Ï˙ÂÎÓ ÛÈ„Ú ‡Ï„ ‰ËÁ· ÌÂÁÂ Ï·‰ ÛÈÒÂÓ ÁÏÓ‰

Â‚‰� ÔÎÂ Â¯ÒÂ‡Â ÁÏÓ· ÌÚË ‰ËÁ‰ ˙�˙Â� ·Â˘Â Ï·‰ ‰· ÛÈÒÂÓ ÁÏÓ‰„

ÁÏÓ‰Â ‰ËÁ‰ ÌÈ˜¯ÂÊ ÁÒÙ‰ Ì„Â˜ Â· ‡ˆÓ�·„ ÁÒÙ· ‡ˆÓ�· Â¯ÒÂ‡Ï

‡Ï˘ Â�ÈÈ‰„ ˙ÁÏÁÂÏÓ ‰�È‡ Ì‡ È‡„Â Ó"ÓÂ Ë"�· Â· ÔÈ‡„ ÔÂÈÎ ¯˙ÂÓ

Ë"�· Â· ˘È ÂÏÈÙ‡ ‡¯˜ÈÚÓÎ ‰˘È·È ‡Ï‡ ‰ÁÏ ˙È˘Ú� ‡ÏÂ ÏÏÎ ‰ÎÎ¯˙�

.È„ÈÓ ‰ËÏÙ ‡Ï È¯‰˘ È¯˘

`"xbd(b 'rq aqz 'iq g"e`)èd m` mind zeclezn èd glndy zexnly xaeq

l"da azk oke lhazn èdy oeikn ,el miyyeg `l mina axern(lièd d"c aqz 'iq).

z"eya azk `"ayxd(dpz 'iqe ,ckx 'iq ,c 'iq `"g)glne ony mr ìd `wizedyky ,

.dqird z` uingi glndy miyyeg `l cala

ce`n dphw ìd miynzyn day glnd zenky oeeikny ,d`xp ok m`b"w 4-5)

(uingz ly zepeh dnkl,zexit in mr cgi uingdl mixdnny min oic df glnl oi` ,

,l"dàe `"xbd g"ad ,i"ad ,`"ahixa ziyilyd drcd ,ixi`nd zrcly meyn

epic xehd zrcle `"ahixa dpey`xd drcl oke ,llk el miyyeg `l hren glndyk

.zexit ink èd

äñéñúääñéñúääñéñúääñéñúä íåéñíåéñíåéñíåéñ øçàìøçàìøçàìøçàì äöîçääöîçääöîçääöîçä .àé.àé.àé.àé

zxaer ,uingz xea jezl dqpkedy dèaz zircn dpigany epi`xy xg`l

.dèaza miniiwd mipealgde mixkeqd lk z` zwxtny ,ziaexi`p` dqiqz jildz

dqiqz ly mikildz okn xg`l ef dèaza gztzdl mileki `l jk zeawra

.ef dèazn wva xevil zexyt` oi` jk jezne ,ziaexi`


80

in lyk èd dhiga mi`vnpd milfepd ly mcnrn zizkld dpigan ,ok enk

zvngdl miyyeg oi` ,zexit ina dqir zvngdl zeyyegd zercl sè ,zexit

gln ici lr uingzd ly exeniy oke .mdly mina mit`p mdyk ,dhigd ipirxb

.uingzd ly zillkd zenkl qgia zixrfn zenka èd

.obc uingza gqta zext lik`dl ozipy xnel ok m` d`xp

úéùòîúéùòîúéùòîúéùòî äëøãääëøãääëøãääëøãä .áé.áé.áé.áé

xyk oefn zlk`de ,gqtd iptly dpera zrvazn uingzd zxivwy oeeikn .`

,ycg uingz zgwl oi`y d`xp ,gqt iptl zegtd lkl miireayk zrvazn gqtl

jxevd jkl sqepa ,miireayk èd dqiqzd onf jyny meyn ,ef dpya xvwpy

.dxyk dlk`da

dpigane ,xc` yceg ly ezirvn`n xgeì `l xvwidl jixv uingzd ,ok m`

xzei xge`n alya xvwp uingzd zizeìvn(ux`d oetve fkxnd xefà xwira)ok lr ,

jildz lk z` miiq i`cey ,zncewd dpya xvwpy uingza ynzydl yiy d`xp

.uengde dqiqzd

xneg feg` 35l 30 oia ìd dhigdyk zrvazn ziahind dqiqzd ok enk .a

dy zpn lr millg witqn oi` xzei jenp fegà ,yaioteà egztzi miwciig

.xnegd lk lvepi `l jke ,mdly iahind

zyàdl znxeby xzi zenngzd zxvep ,xzei deab yaid xnegd feg`yk

uingzd39.

lky `ceel zpn lr yai xneg ly df fegà didi uingzdy citwdl yi ,ok m`

lvep xnegdick ,el` mifegà didi uingzdy ,i`lwgd ly epevx s` edfy oiivl yi)

(onf jxe`l ziahind dnxa exnyi ely miizpefzd miaikxnd lke uingzdy.

mina dèazd z` eaihxd `l uingzd zpkd jldnay `ceel yi jkl sqepa .b

xizdl oi` ,mdy lk minyb ecxi m` oke ,yaid xnegd feg` z` cixedl zpn lr

.gqtl dxykk ef dèaz

qpki `ly ick dqiqzd onf lk jyna ihnxd oteà xebq xeady `ceel yi .c

zxfra miccvd lk z` meh`l i`ck ziyrnd dnxa -dqiqzd z` lwlwiy xie`

.39.26 'nr 29 zxaeg ,"algde xwad wyn" d`x


81

dpyi mibinva xead z` minhe` m`y meyn ,mibinv ici lr `le ony ilvt /leg

.mibinvd zeevw oia migeexa xie` ly dqipkl zexyt`

xykk df uingz xizdl oi` uingzd zpkd jldna minyb ecxi ea dxwna .d

.gqtl


.`.dèaza mipealgde mixkeqd lk z` zlvpn ziaexi`p` dqiqz

.a.gqtl uingdl leki èd eay alya xvwp uingzd

.b.gqta dxtl dhig ipirxb zzl oi`

.c.min mr rbna ày obc ipinn oin èd xq`pd ung

.d.dèazd z` uingn myb j` ,dèazd zvngdl mexbi lh `ny yeygl oi`

.e.zexit in lyk èd dhigd oirxba mi`vnpd milfepd oic

.fly zexitd ina wx xaecnyk ,dywep ungl minxeb zexit iny mixaeql s`

.jkl yeygl oi` -oirxbd

.gz` dvingn ìd oi` okle dèazd llk lr drityn dpi` gln ly dhren zenk

.dèazd

.h.obc uingza zextd z` gqta lik`dl ozip


82

oncixt lèi axd

íòèíòèíòèíòè YYYY íéòìåúíéòìåúíéòìåúíéòìåú ú÷éãáú÷éãáú÷éãáú÷éãáYYYY åéúåìåáâååéúåìåáâååéúåìåáâååéúåìåáâå áåéçäáåéçäáåéçäáåéçä

äáåâúäáåâúäáåâúäáåâú

,'eizeleabe aeigd mrh ± mirlez zwica' oipra xn`n azk qla ozpedi axd .`

l oinegz(r"yz)'rilzdl okxcy zexita' dwicad zaegy ,471-458 'nr ,'iq c"ei r"ey)

(g 'irq ctxy` wxil miil`xbhpi` miwxg xen`l ,'eax `w dipin'y miwxga wx èd

miwxgd ly maex aexy rcep ipxcend rcnd i"tr meiky oeeik .envr wxia migztzn

oicn dwicad zaegn mixeht ep`vnp 'ez` `w `nlrn' `l` ixtd jeza miclep mpi`

.df1daeyz .`"ayxd ly zeaeyz izya dxe`kl dxizq qla axd ayiin df eyeciga

`"ayxd wqet biw 'iqa daeyza .aw 'iq `"ga zxg` daeyze ,biw 'iq `"ga zg`

,xeqi`d zwfgn ìvedl ick ,mirlez da e`vnpy dxcwa lyeay liyaz wecal yiy

ecxi m`y xaeq ,aw 'iq `"ga `"ayxd z`f znerl .xeq` liyazd if` xyt` i` mè

zenixr lk z` wecal daeg oi` 'mignv' elrd mdn dnke ,dcya mileaiy lr minyb

wca `l mè ,dwica zaeg yi zg` daeyza recn qla axd k"` lèy .mileaiyd

axd ycgn ef dxizq ayiil ick .dwica zaeg oi` ipyd dxwna eliè ,xeq` liyazd

èd jke '`nlrn iz`c `zlin' oial eax `w dipin' xy` miwxg oia oigadl yiy qla

:azek

ÔÈ·Ï – ÌÈ�Ù·Ó Á˙Ù˙Ó – Â·¯ ‡˜ ‰È�ÈÓ ¯˘‡ ¯ÂÒÈ‡ ÔÈ· ‡È‰ ‰�Á·‰‰

.1`l` ,'eax `w dipin' `l ,zexitd jeza mixvepy miwxg mb ipxcend rcnd itly xirdl yi

.uegd on miàd miwxg ly mivia zlhd zeawra mixvep md ik ,'ez` `w `nlrn'


83

È˙‡„ ‡˙ÏÈÓ ‡È‰ Ì˘‚‰ ˙ÓÁÓ ÌÈËÈÁ‰ ˙ˆÓÁ‰ .‡ÓÏÚÓ È˙‡„ ‡˙ÏÈÓ

¯·ÁÏ ‡Ï Í‡ ˙Á‡‰ ˙ÏÂ·È˘Ï ˜¯ ÂÚÈ‚‰ ÌÈÓ‰˘ ÔÎ˙ÈÈ ÔÎÏÂ ‡ÓÏÚÓ...‰˙

miig xewn 'qa dqiln awri 'x ly eixacn reiq lawl ywan èdfqz 'iq g"e`)

(d w"q:

,Ì¯Â‚‰ ¯·„ ‡ÎÈ‡„· Ì‡ ÈÎ ÌÈÓÚÙ ˘ÂÏ˘ ˙˜ÊÁ Ô�È¯Ó‡ ‡Ï„ ÈÏ ‰‡¯�

ÏÙÂ�˘ ¯·„· Ï·‡ .ÍÎ ‰È‰È˘ Â‰·ÈÈÁÓ ÈÏÎ˘‰ ˘˜È‰‰Â ÍÎ ‰È‰È˘ ¯·˙ÒÓ„

...ÌÈÈ¯˜ÈÓÏ ‰˜ÊÁ ÔÈ‡ ÍÎ ÏÎ ¯·˙ÒÓ‰ Ì¯Â‚‰ ¯·„ ‡ÎÈÏÂ ‰¯˜Ó·

xeqi` oey`xd dxwna ik ,`zil `xwirn dxizqde diyewd lk c"prly `l`

miwxg ea mi`vnpy dwfg yi liyaza miwxg dnk e`vnpy oeeike ,i`cee èd miwxgd

znerl .'dwfg dze`n z`vl dwica jixv wfgedy lke' `"ayxd azek okle ,mitqep

:envra `"ayxd jix`ny itke ,xeqi` i`cee my oi` mileaiyd ly dxwna z`f

‡Ï‡ ÌÈÓ Ô‰· ÂÒ�Î� ‡Ï ‡Ó˘ Ï˜‰Ï Ô‰· ÔÈÏÂ˙ Â�‡ ...˙ÂÓÈ¯Ú Ô˙Â‡ ÂÏÈÙ‡Â

Â˜ÈÙÒ‰ ‡Ï ‡Ó˘ ÂÒ�Î�˘ ¯ÓÂÏ ÈˆÓ˙ Ì‡ ÂÏÈÙ‡Â ....ÌÈ�ÂÈÏÚ‰ ÌÈÏÂ·È˘·

...ıÈÓÁ‰Ï

wtq mrhn lwdl yie ,xeqi` zwfg oi` `linn xeqi` i`cee o`k oi`y oeeike

oial 'eax `w dipin'y miwxg oia dpi` dpgadd azekd zhiyl mb ,cere z`f .`witq

eribdy el` oial wxil irah oteà mikynpy miwxg oia `l` ,'`nlrn mià'y el`

'b zwfg oi`y xiaqd l"pd xtqa .miig xewn 'qa z`f xìay itke ,dxwna eil`

ziriax mrt dnvr lr xefgz drtezdy okzii oky ,dxwna onvr lr zexfegy zerteza

izexazqd szeyn dpkn yi xy`ke oeibid yi xy`k wx ìd 'b zwfg .`ly okziie

oia ,w 'iq b"t oileg ,l"yxdnd oigan ef dxaq itl .zertezd ly ozxfg qiqaa irahe

:myl eribd dxwnay el`k miwxg oial liyazay zexita `vnidl milibxy miwxg

‡Â‰ Â�È„Î ˜„· ‡Ï˘ ‡Ï‡ ‰ÓÈ�Î‰ Ì‰· ÈÂˆÓ˘ ‰Ó· ‡˜ÂÂ„˘ ‰‡¯�Â

Í¯„ ÔÈ‡˘ ÏÎ‡Ó ˘"ÎÂ ‰ÓÈ�Î Ô‰· ÈÂˆÓ ÔÈ‡˘ ¯·„· Ï·‡ ÈÎ‰ Ô�È¯Ó‡„

...Â‡ˆÓ�˘ È�‰Ó ÈÙËÏ Ô�È˘ÈÈÁ ‡ÏÂ ÏÙ� ‡ÓÏÚÓ Ô�È¯Ó‡„ ÏÏÎ ÚÈÏ˙‰Ï

oia `l` ,`nlrn miribny el` oial eax `w dipiny miwxg oia dpi` dpgadd

oteà zexita miievn mpi`y el` oial el` zexit ipina `vnidl milibxy miwxg


84

.dxwnd zngn wx `l` irah2'b e`vnpy dcaerd ,zexita xicz miievny miwxga

ipinl miwxgd oia xyw oi` m` j` .mitqep miwxg yiy dwfge qiqa deedn miwxg

miig xewnd zxaq itl .o`k yi dxwnd cie melk mixen mpi` miwxg 'b ,zexitd

b"dka xn`p m`d ,miqtixh 'b ea e`vnpe ,aexk ea elyay liyaz m`d ,l"yxdnde

e`vnpy dcaerd ,aexka miievn miqtixhy mlerd rahy oeeiky xexa ?`l e` 'b zwfg

oeylk ,ìd drtezd zxfg okl ;mitqep miqtixh ze`vnidl divwicpi` deedn 'b

'jk didiy edaiign ilkyd ywidde jk didiy xazqnc ,mxebd xac' ,miig xewnd

el`k miwxg mpi` miqtixhdy i"tr` z`f .'dxwna ltepy xac' epi` hlgdae

mze`vnidy dcaerd mvr j` ,'eax `w dipin' zpigaa mpiè wxid jeza mixvepy

.mitqep miqtixh ze`vnid lr dxen 'b zwfg ,mler ly erahn zraep

herin oic cvn aexke dqg wecal daeg oi`y qla axd azek l"pd dpgadd xe`l

:ievn

ÌÈ�Â˘‡¯‰ ˙Â¯Â„Â�ÈÈ‰ 'ÂÚÈÏ˙‰˘' ˙Â˜¯È Â‡ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ‰˜È„· ‡ÏÏ ÂÏÎ‡ ‡Ï

‰Ï ‰˙‡¯� Ì‰· ‰Ë˘Ù˙‰ ‰ˆ¯˘‰‰˘ ‡Ï‡Â·¯ ‡˜ ‰È�ÈÓÎ˙ÓÂÚÏ ...

‰„ÓÈÏ ˙Â¯·˙Ò‰ Ì‡ Ì‚ ÌÈ¯Á‡ ˙Â˜¯ÈÂ ˙Â¯ÈÙ ˙ÏÈÎ‡Ó ÂÚ�Ó� ‡Ï Ì‰ ,˙‡Ê

Ì„È„Ï .‰ÓÂ„ÎÂ ‰ÒÁ ,·Â¯Î ˘‡¯ ÏÎ· ÌÈ˜¯Á ‰ÓÎÂ ‰ÓÎ Ï˘ Ì˙Â‡ÈˆÓ ÏÚ

.'ÌÈÚÈÏ˙ÓÎ' Â·˘Á� ‡Ï ÂÏ‡ ˙Â˜¯ÈÂ ˙Â¯ÈÙ

l`ppg epiaxa lgd mipey`x zexecny ìd zn`d j`3(diqipez oèxiw ,1057)cre

epxec ipexg`4`ly i"tr` 'rilzdl mkxc' oky aexkae dqga dwica eaiige eyyg

deliq ic diwfg 'x azk oke .eax `w dipin(milyexi ,1656)ct 'iq c"ei ,ycg ixt 'qa ,

:cl w"q

‡¯˜�˘ ¯Á‡ ˜¯È ÔÈÓÂ ‡˜ÏÈÒ ÔÂ‚Î ˙Â˜¯È‰ ÔÈÈ�Ú· ¯‰ÊÈÏ ÍÈ¯ˆ˘ ‡Â‰ ¯Â¯·Â

˜"‡�ÈÙÒÈ‡(cxz)˘È˘ ÌÈÚÏÂ˙‰ „·ÏÓ ÂÓˆÚ ˜¯È‰ ÍÂ˙· ˙ÚÏÂ˙‰ ÈÂˆÓ˘

.2,ixtd jeza mixvep mpi`y milnpd iabl ,zvwna dcen xagndy ,468 'nr ,my oinegza 'ire

.milnp ea e`vnpy liyaz xq`p k"trè

.3z` xiqdl ick zqexga dqgd z` leahl yi okly ,`tw d"c a"r ehw migqt 'qez 'ir

.(dqg=) zxfgay mirlezd

.4dqg ,otb ilr lek`l oi`y mipexg` ìany ,(219 'nr) cv w"q ct 'iq c"ei daeyz ikxc 'ir

c"g g"e` dyn zexb` mb 'ire ;aq 'irq ct 'iq ogleyd jexra mb 'ire ;dwica `ll aexke

.dk 'iq a"g c"ei ,my ;dl 'iq `"g c"ei my ;`v 'iq


85

...·Â¯Î· ÔÎÂ ...˘Ó˘‰ „‚� ‰ÏÚÂ ‰ÏÚ ÏÎ „ÈÓÚ‰Ï ‰Ê· ‰˜È„·‰ ¯˜ÈÚÂ ÁÏ˜·

uiyiaii` ozpedi 'x azek jke(b`xt ,1690):hi w"q ct 'iq ,izlte izxk xtqa ,

Ë"‡ÏÒ ÔÂ‚Î ÈÁ ˙Â˜¯È ÏÂÎ‡Ï ˙Ó‡·Â('ecke dqg oebk milr wxi=)È¯‰ ‰ÓÂ„ÎÂ

‡ˆÓÈ˘ „Ú ˘Ï˘Â ÌÈÈÓÚÙ ˜Â„·Ï ÏÂÎÈ„ ÏÂËÈ· ÍÈÈ˘ ‡Ï ÈÎ ‰¯Â˙ ˜ÙÒ Ô‡Î

ÏÚ È„ÓÚ ÌÂÈÓ È‚‰�Ó ÍÎÂ ...Ï˜‰Ï Â"ÁÂ ‰¯Â˙ ˜ÙÒ Ï"Â‰ Î"‡Â ÚÏÂ˙‰Ï

...Ï"�‰ ˙˜È„· ÍÓÒ ÏÚ 'Â„ÎÂ Ô"ÈË‡ÏÒÓ ÈÁ ˙Â˜¯È ÏÂÎ‡Ï ÈÏ·Ó È˙Ú„

ccbàn miig sqei 'x azek jke(1834):fk 'irq ev 't ,ig yi` oa 'qa ,

˙¯ÊÁ‰ ˙˜È„·· ÌÈ˘�‰ Â¯‰ÊÈ(dqg=)˘ÓÁ ·ÂÈÁ Â· ˘È ÚÏÂ˙ ÏÎ„ ÒÙ¯Î‰Â

ÔÈÎÓÂÒ ˙È·‰ È�· ÏÎ„ ˙È·‰ ˙ÏÚ· ‰˘‡‰ ¯‡Âˆ· ÈÂÏ˙ ¯·„‰Â .˙ÂÈÂ˜ÏÓ

...‰Ê· ‰ÈÏÚ

izy oia aexird ìd qla axd lr miwelg ep` diably zeifkxnd zecewpd zg` .a

miievny miwxgd zeìvn lr oc qla axd .zxgà zg`d zexeyw opi`y zekld

,`"ayxd zeaeyz izya lekiak dxizqd jezne ,'rilzdl okxcy zexit' oicae ,zexita

ez`c' miwxgd oial 'eax `w dipine' ixtd jeza mixvepy miwxg oiay dpgadl ribn

`"ayxd ixac mb j` .'`nlrn(qla axd oc mda)e` 'a oica miwqer miig xewn 'q mbe

aex zrcl èd df oic .crend xeyn zcnlpd 'b zwfgn raepy ,xiql eltpy mirlez 'b

,`ziixe`cn miwqetd5i"r cnlpy 'rilzdl okxcy zexit' oicl xeyw epi` ède

:`"r gp ,oileg 'nbd on ,crx 'iq `"g daeyzae ,b xry b zia ,ziad zxeza `"ayxd

xkfeny 'rilzdl okxcy zexit' edn .'...oiixy `zy igxi xqixz xzal `ckc ixnz ipd'

df oic .miwxg ly ievn herin ly zegiky mda yiy zexit ?g 'irq ct 'iq c"ei r"eya

.opaxcn `l` dpi` dl` zexita dwicad zaeg okle ,opaxcn èd ievn herin ly

,sqepa .`ziixe`cn ìd xiqa mirlez dyelya dwicad zaeg ,xen`k ,z`f znerl

zeìvna .xiqa mirlez 'b ly efn ixnbl dpey ievn herin ly zeìvnl zeqgiizdd

yiy mixne` ep` ievn herin lywtqdwicad zaeg okle ,zexita miwxg yi `ny

wx ìddligzklwtq mrhn xzeny ,my ziad zxez ,`"ayxd azk xak ,carica .

lhae leyiaa wqxzd èdy okzii ,yiy l"z` elitè ,wxg oi` `ny wtq :`witq

.5.hpyz-hlyz 'nr ,bi zicenlz dictelwivp` 'ir


86

wtq wx yi ievn herinay micnl ep`vnp .h 'irq ,my r"eya wqtp oke ,zaexrza6

lke' ,biw 'iq `"g ,daeyza `"ayxd azk xiqa mirlez 'ba ,z`f znerl .i`cee `le

wfgedyelit` xeq` wcap `l mè ,'dwfg dze`n z`vl dwica jixvcaricasè

.leyiad xg`l

,xagnd azky dn oklixta miwxg ze`ceea yi ievn herinayl"fe ;oekp epi` ,

(469 'nr 'nr my):

È¯ÙÏ ÒÁÈÈ˙Ó 'ÚÈÏ˙‰Ï ÂÎ¯„˘ È¯Ù' ,ÍÂ¯Ú ÔÁÏÂ˘‰ ˘Ó˙˘Ó Â·˘ ÈÂËÈ·‰

.ÌÈÚÈÏ˙Ó ÌÈÂÒÓ‰ ÔÓÊ·Â ÌÈÂÒÓ‰ ÌÂ˜Ó· Â‚ÂÒÓ ˙Â¯ÈÙ Ï˘ ÈÂˆÓ ËÂÚÈÓ˘

Â‡ È¯Ù˘ ÔÂÂÈÎÓ .‰‡È¯‰ ˙˜È„· Í¯ÂˆÏ ...‡"·˘¯‰ È„È ÏÚ ‰ÂÂ˘Â‰ ‰ÊÎ È¯Ù

ÚÈÏ˙Ó ˜¯ÈÈ‡„ÂÂ ¯ÂÒÈ‡ ˙˜ÊÁ· ÂÏÂÎ ‡Â‰ÈÓÏ ‰ÓÂ„ ÚÈÏ˙‰˘ È¯Ù ÏÎÂ‡‰ ,

‰ÒÈ‚� ÏÎ· È‡„Â ¯ÂÒÈ‡ ÌÈ¯·ÂÚ Ì‰È�˘ – ‰ÙÈ¯Ë‰ ‰Ó‰·‰ ¯˘· ˙‡ ÏÎÂ‡˘

miwxg zwica oia dèeydd lr xagnd xxery dl`yd on raep df daygn oeeik

azk èd jke ;dìxd dwica oial ievn herina(458 'nr ,my):

„ÂÚ· ,‰ÏÂÎ ‰Ó‰·‰ ˙‡ ˙¯ÒÂ‡ ‰ÙÈ¯Ë È¯‰˘ ,‡È‰ ‰‰ÂÓ˙ ÂÊ ‰‡ÂÂ˘‰

...‰¯ÂÒ‡ ‡È‰ ˙ÚÏÂ˙‰ ˜¯Â ÂÏÂÎ ˜¯È‰ ˙‡ ˙¯ÒÂ‡ ‰�È‡ ˜¯È· ˙ÚÏÂ˙˘

azk cere(460 'nr ,my):

È¯‰Â ,ÚÈÏ˙‰Ï ÂÎ¯„˘ ˜¯È ˜Â„·Ï ‰·ÂÁ ˘È˘ Ú"Â˘· ˜ÒÙ� ÚÂ„Ó ‰˘˜ ÔÎÏ

?ÌÈÚÏÂ˙ ‡ÏÂ ˜¯È ‡Â‰ ˜¯È‰ ÁÙ� ·Â¯

xen`k raepy ,'rilzdl okxcy zexit' oicy ìd azekd zel`y ly `vend zcewp

ep`vny ìd zn`d j` .cala dìxd zwican cnlp ,ievn herinl dkldd qgin

xi`n 'xly xàzn a"r ì oileg 'nba .ievn herinl miyyeg oda ,zekld daxd

ievn herina .ievn epi`y herina wx z`f j` ,miyyeg oi` minkgle herinl miyyeg

eyyg j` ,onw `zilc àex èd raewd `ziixe`cn xnelk .xi`n 'xl minkg micen

.opaxcn ievn herin ly zeìvnl7:311 'nr ,hk oinegz ,epxn`na epazk jke

˙ÂÈÚ·Ë Ô�È‡˘ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙· Ì‚ ÈÂˆÓ ËÂÚÈÓÏ Â˘˘Á Ï"ÊÁ˘ Â�‡ˆÓ ,˙‡Ê ÌÚ

:‡Ó‚Â„Ï .ÈÂˆÓ ËÂÚÈÓ Ï˘ ‡È‰ ˙ÈËÒÈËËÒ‰ Ô˙ÂÁÈÎ˘˘ ‡Ï‡ ,˙ÂÚÂ·˜

.6on odl eyyg ± xkya oiievn oiyegaiy itl `nl`' :b xry b zia ziad zxez ,`"ayx mb 'ir

.ai w"q ct 'iq f"h mb 'ir ;'wtqd

.7.gqt d"c ,my oileg i"yx 'ir


87

ÛÂÒ Ì‰Ï ÔÈ‡˘ ÌÈÓÓ ÌÈÏˆÈ� ËÂÚÈÓ(`d d"c a,el zenai 'qez)˙Â„ÏÂ ËÂÚÈÓ ,

ÌÈÏÙ�(miwc d"c a,cn dcp 'qez)ÌÈÈÁ ÌÈÒÒÂ‚ ËÂÚÈÓ ,(g,e oiyexib 'ld ,m"anx),

ÌÈÁÓÂÓ Ì�È‡ ÌÈËÁÂ˘ ËÂÚÈÓ(a,` c"ei r"ey)˙ÈˆÈˆ ˙˜È„· ,(g,g g"e`)È¯ÙÂÒ ,

ÔÈÏÈÙ˙ ˙˜È„·Â ÌÈÁÓÂÓ Ì"˙Ò(i,hl g"e`)ÌÈ¯˘ÚÓ Ì�È‡ ı¯‡‰ ÈÓÚ ËÂÚÈÓ ,

(àx d"c `,bi zay 'qez)ÈÏ·ÒÓ ¯„‰Â È˘„˜Ó ËÂÚÈÓ ,(a,p oiyeciw)˙˜È„· ,

‰ÊÂÊÓ(h,`vx c"ei)˙Â‡ÂÂ˜Ó ,(`"n `"t milwy)ÏÂ„‚ Ï˘ ˙Â¯Ú˘ ˙˜È„·Â ,

‰ÏÂ„‚Â(f,dp `"` g"e` micbn-ixt epiire ;`,`pw a"a).

,dìxd zwical 'rilzdl okxcy zexit' ly dwicad zaeg z` eeydy èd oekp

yxcna xkfed dìxd zwica oic xewny iptn e` dlik` ixeqi` mdipyy iptn ile`

.'nbae8ef dziid ok` ,dìxa wx dziid ievn herinl miyyegy dkldd ok` m`

zrcl if` ,illk oic èd `l` dìxd zwicaa wx epi` df oicy oeeik j` .dlecb ddinz

zrlezd wx' `l` xq`p wxid lk `l xy`k mb ievn herinl miyyeg minkg

.'dxeq`9eznbn oiè 'xyt`ca' dligzkl wecal yiy ievn herin oic zernyn

dwicad aeig ly d`vez wx èd xeqi`d .leqtle xeq`l('ecke wca `le lvrzd m`)±

.ezaiq `le

'e wxta .b(470-469 'nr ,my)zenk idn ,xakn df da ephalzdy dl`ya azekd oc

itl e` wyd ,dbexrd ,urd ,ixtd itl `ny :'rilzdl okxc' miccen ep` dit lr zexitd

,dizeawra zeày zeawepd zel`yde efd zizexazqdd zekazqdd .ziyi` dpn

miihqihhq mibyen i"tr zegikyl qgiizdl dlibxy zipxcen dpadn c"prl zeraep

èd ,10% èd ievn heriny raw ,fi-fh 'iq c"ei `"g ,awri zepkyndy s` .miihnzn

;epxn`na epgkedy itke ,zexnqn reawl oeekzn epi`10welgl xyt` oeekzd ok mè

znàe ,ievn herin edn divwicpi` zzl dvex èdy d`xp xzei okl .eizei`x lr

milibx mc` ipay herin ly zeìvn idef `l` ihqihhq byen epi` ievn herin

:ef dl`y iabl ,151 'nr ,b ux`de dxezd ,l"vf il`xyi y"xbd oxn azk jke .e`venl

.8.`"r dk dvia 'nba rnzynae ;ipiny 't seq `negpz yxcn

.9xeqi` zwfg yi dìxay ,miwxg zwica oial dìxd zwica oia sqep lcad yiy xirdl yi

ze`cee ly rbx xara did `l ik ,ixtd lr xeqi` zwfg oi` miwxga eliè ,igd on xa` ly

.d wxt ,my oinegz epxn`na 'ir df oiipra ;ixta xeqi`

.10.313-313 'nr ,my oinegz ;429-430 'nr a"g ux`de dxezd 'q


88

ÌÈ·ÈÈÁÓÂ ,‰‡È¯‰ ˙Ï‡˘ ˙Ó‚Â„ ÈÂˆÓ‰ ËÂÚÈÓ ÔÈÈ�Ú ˙‡ ÂÚ·˜˘ ÌÈ�Â˘‡¯‰

,ÈÂˆÓ‰ ËÂÚÈÓ ‡¯˜�˘ ÊÂÁ‡‰ ÌÂ˜Ó ÌÂ˘· Â¯ÈÎÊ‰ ‡Ï ,‰˜È„· ‰ÏÈÁ˙ÎÏ

‰ÊÓÂ .Ì‰· ÔÈ·ÈÈÁ ÔÈ‡˘ ˙ÂÙÈ¯Ë‰ ˙˜È„· ˙Ó‚Â„ ,·Â¯‰ ÏÚ ÔÈÎÓÂÒ Â�‡ ‰Ê·˘

‡Ï‡ ,‡„ ÔÂ‚Î· ¯ÈÓÁ‰Ï ÔÈ‡˘ ‰‡¯�ÈÙÏ „Á‡ ÏÎÏ ‰Ú¯Î‰Ï Ô˙È� ¯·„‰

˜Á¯È˘ ,Â˙˘‚¯‰˜ÙÒ‰.Â·ÏÓ

'f wxt cr .c(471-470 'nr ,my)zaegy wiqd xen`ke ,ievn herin oica qla axd oc

wecal aiigl dvex èd 'f wxta .'eax `w dipin'y zexita wx ìd df oicn dwicad

,312-311 'nr ,my ,oinegz epxn`na j` .'xeqi`d on eipir milrn' oicn zewxie zexit

eizeaxe `"ayxdy epàd(`"r h oileg ,`"ayxd iyecig)dwicad zaeg mrha ewlgp

,epgked mye ,ievn herin cvn e` xeqi`d on eipir milrn cvn ìd m`d ,dìxa

miawp ly ievn herin `le zekxiq ly ievn herin yiy dìx oic calnyi`cee=)

(xeqi`mrhn wecal yi xeqi` ly ievn herinay micen `"ayxd ly eizeax mb ,

on eipir milrn' zxaq xikfn epi` l"pd zeaeyza `"ayxd cere z`f .ievn herin

ynzydl xyt`y okzii mpn` .ievn herin cvn `l` ,dwicad zaeg zaiqk 'xeqi`d

.minieqn mixwna lwdl sipqk ef dxaqa


.``w dipin'y miwxga wx dpi` xiqa mirlez 'b e`vnpy dxwna dwicad zaeg

.liyazay zewxia e` zexita miievn irah oteày el` lka `l` 'eax

.alka `l` ,`weec el` miwxga wx dpi` ìd s` ievn herina dwicad zaeg

.oecipd ixtd beqa mrt icin miievne 'rilzdl mkxc'y miwxgd

.bl`k liyazl miqgiizn epè ,dxezdn ìd xiqa mirlez 'ba dwicad zaeg

.xeqi` i`cee ea yiy liyaz

.cea yiy ixtl miqgiizn epè ,opaxcn `l` dpi` ievn herina dwicad zaeg

.rebp i`cee l`k `le rebp wtq l`k miwxg ly ef zegiky

.dmrt icin da lwzp mc`y zeìvn `han `l` ihqihhq byen epi` ievn herin

.aex ly dnxl ribn epi`y onf lke

.elkl dligzkl miyyeg ep` ik èd 'rilzdl okxcy zexit ipin'a dwicad zaeg

.xeqi`d on eipir milrn mrhn wx `le ievn herin ly zeìvn

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êêêêéúòééúúòòéúò úðåîà · 2016-03-02 · 86 êéúò úðåîà 6 lv` dxez cenll jled did l"vf n"xbd jk ,xaer men edn rcil xwa irex z` xikdl ick mibexz` irhnl