ЕГЭ-2019 · 2019-03-11 · изучает английский язык самостоятельно и совершенствует свои знания. Пособие ... Living

1 Милена Смирнова https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: [email protected]

ЕГЭ-2019

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Банк тематических аргументов «За» и «Против»

для написания ЭССЕ

Учебное пособие

2019

Данное учебное пособие поможет учащимся сформировать представления о

структуре эссе в соответствии с требованиями ЕГЭ, повысит способность самостоятельной тренировки в написании эссе на основе аргументов «За» и «Против». Тематика и содержание рассматривается как проектируемые возможные

варианты на ЕГЭ, и разработаны для активизации навыков самостоятельной подготовки к экзамену. Тематический подход при формировании навыков написания эссе значительно расширяет лексический запас участника ЕГЭ, помогает успешно

ориентироваться в новой экзаменационной среде. Пособие адресовано учащимся 10–11 классов школ, гимназий и лицеев, и тем, кто изучает английский язык самостоятельно и совершенствует свои знания. Пособие

будет полезно учителям английского языка, так как дает возможность эффективно организовать подготовку учащихся к ЕГЭ.

https://vk.com/ege2020english


ЗАДАНИЕ 40 (ЭССЕ)

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ

Эссе по английскому языку представляет собой глубоко осмысленное и развёрнутое письменное высказывание на заявленную тему с элементами рассуждения, включающее в себя систему обоснованных тезисов и уникальных выводов. Требуемый объём – 230-250 слов. Время, отведенное на выполнение задания – 60минут. Максимальный балл за успешное выполнение – 14 баллов.

Что требуется от участника ЕГЭ в задании 40 (ЭССЕ)

в задание 40 оценивается содержание, организация текста, лексики, грамматики, орфографии и

пунктуации;

участник ЕГЭ должен выразить собственное мнение, суждение, аргументировать свою точку зрения, точку зрения оппонентов, привести контраргументы и сделать выводы, последовательно и логически строить высказывание;

использовать средства логической связи; лексически, грамматически и орфографически правильно оформить текст; строить высказывание в соответствии с предложенным в задании планом; во вступлении перефразировать, изложить своими словами проблему, заявленную в

формулировке задания, добавить фразы, подобрать синонимы или антонимы, показать её проблемный характер;

в основной части в первом абзаце высказать своё мнение и привести три развёрнутых и весомых аргумента в его обоснование (аргументы не должны дублировать друг друга);

в основной части во втором абзаце предоставить точку зрения оппонентов (показать альтернативное мнение) на данную проблему и привести два аргумента в пользу оппонентов;

в следующем абзаце нужно объяснить, почему вы не согласны с данными аргументами и остаётесь при своём мнении (здесь вы должны сформулировать контраргументы). Приводя контраргументы, отстаивая свою точку зрения, используйте перифраз, синонимию, не повторяйте изложенное выше.

в заключении ещё раз выразите своё мнение другими словами, указав на проблемный характер темы, покажите вашу способность видеть и другие точки зрения, при этом отстаивая свою как более убедительную. Заключение должно строго соотноситься с введением и соответствовать теме;

после написания эссе проверьте написанное, сверяя с планом, убедитесь, что вы разделили текст на пять абзацев, отразив его логическую и содержательную структуру.

Критерии оценивания выполнения задания 40

Задание 40 (ЭССЕ) оценивается по пяти критериям:

решение коммуникативной задачи (содержание); организация текста; лексическое оформление текста; грамматическое оформление текста; орфография и пунктуация

По первым четырём критериям можно максимально получить по 3 балла, а по пятому критерию – максимум 2 балла.



ПОЛЕЗНЫЕ СОВЕТЫ

Прочитайте внимательно инструкцию к заданию и чётко следуйте предложенному

плану; Выскажите свои собственные мысли, дайте свои аргументы и сделайте выводы; Тренируйтесь в выполнении письменного задания 40 чтобы развивать готовность

написания нужного объёма – 230-250 слов; Научитесь анализировать и редактировать собственные письменные работы; Ознакомьтесь с предложенным планом задания 40: Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний (тему эссе: 40.1 или 40.2), укажите его номер на чистом листе и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану. – make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing thе givеn statеmеnt - сформулируй проблему, перефразируя данное утверждение) – express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion – express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion – explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion – make a conclusion restating (формулируя иначе) your position

Структуру эссе можно представить следующим образом:

ESSAY STRUCTURE

1. Перефразируйте утверждение, изложите своими

словами проблему, заявленную в формулировке

задания, добавьте фразы, подберите синонимы или

антонимы, покажите её проблемный характер.

С 2019 года в плане к заданию 40 появилось

уточнение: state the problem PARAPHRASING the

given statement.

Что необходимо сделать?

Заказывайте и узнаете!

2. Обозначьте существование двух точек зрения на

решение проблемы.

Some people … Заказывайте и узнаете!

3. I would like to… Заказывайте и узнаете!

Пишем вводное предложение, содержащее главную мысль абзаца, а затем три развёрнутых и весомых аргумента в его обоснование: In my opinion, … ваша точка зрения.

Firstly, … дайте 1-й аргумент Secondly, … дайте 2-й аргумент Thirdly/Finally, … дайте 3-й аргумент



Пишем вводное предложение, содержащее главную мысль абзаца и приводим два аргумента в пользу оппонентов: However, there are …

To begin with,/To start with, … 1-й аргумент Additionally,/ Furthermore,/ What is more, …2-й

аргумент

Пишем открытое вежливое несогласие, опровергаем аргументы третьего параграфа и приводим два развёрнутых контраргумента (против каждого аргумента из предыдущего абзаца). Помните, они не должны повторять аргументы из второго абзаца: Personally, I disagree with this statement…

1-й контраргумент. Moreover, … 2-й контраргумент.

Ещё раз заявляем о проблемном характере темы и признаём существование двух точек зрения, окончательно утверждаем свою авторскую позицию, переформулировав ее из вступления. Здесь важно не повториться в формулировках и мыслях.

In conclusion, I am completely convinced that … Заказывайте и узнаете!

Рекомендуемый объем письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения (эссе) на ЕГЭ составляет 200—250 слов. Соблюдение заданного объема доказывает, что у экзаменуемого сформировано не только коммуникативное умение доказательно выразить свою мысль, но и развито умение экономного использования языковых знаков.



Тематические аргументы «ЗА» и «Против» для написания ЭССЕ.

Contents 1. Advertising .............................................................................................................................. 8

2. After-school activity ................................................................................................................ 9

3. Animal testing ....................................................................................................................... 11

4. Appearance/ Physical appearance ........................................................................................ 12

5. Car/Automobile .................................................................................................................... 14

6. Choosing a career .................................................................................................................. 15

7. Dance .................................................................................................................................... 18

8. Education/School/Exam ........................................................................................................ 19

9. Environment ......................................................................................................................... 24

10. Fame/Celebrity/Outstanding person .................................................................................. 27

11. Family/Family traditions ..................................................................................................... 29

12. Fashion / Clothes................................................................................................................. 31

13. Food .................................................................................................................................... 36

14. Friend and friendship .......................................................................................................... 39

15. Handicrafts vs machine made goods ................................................................................... 41

16. Happiness/Success/Leader .................................................................................................. 44

17. Health .................................................................................................................................. 47

18. Historic buildings…………………………………………… 51

19. Hobby/Leisure time ............................................................................................................. 52

20. Immigrants ........................................................................................................................... 54

21. Language .............................................................................................................................. 56

22. Living in the city or living in the countryside / What types of houses do people live in?.....59

23. Money/Pocket money ......................................................................................................... 62

24. Music/Art/Cinema/Films/Theatre/Graffiti .......................................................................... 66

25. Museum/National and international exhibition/gallery ...................................................... 70

26. Pet........................................................................................................................................ 73

27. Reading ................................................................................................................................ 75



28. Shopping .............................................................................................................................. 79

29. Space exploration ................................................................................................................ 81

30. Sport ................................................................................................................................... 85

31. Stress ................................................................................................................................... 91

32. Technology / Science ............................................................................................................ 93

33. Television, Internet,Computer,Social media, Mobile phone, Mass media……………………..…… 95

34. Tourism, Travelling............................................................................................................. 105

35. Traditions and customs ...................................................................................................... 112

36. Transport/Traffic ................................................................................................................ 116

37. Work/Job ........................................................................................................................... 119

38. Zoo ..................................................................................................................................... 120

Заказывайте аргументы «ЗА» и «Против» для

написания Эссе (38 тем). Подобного пособия в

продаже нет! Это авторская работа.

Посмотрите две темы:

Education/School/Exam

Tourism, Travelling



1. Education/School/Exam

Our today’s modem world needs qualified people in

all the spheres of life.

Nowadays only highly qualified workers can deal

with rather sophisticated equipment сложным

оборудованием and computers.

Education gives people knowledge and skills

Education creates awareness and expands our

vision

A degree can open the door to better employment

prospects

People with qualification are more likely to find

work

Having a degree can lead to a better paying job

Education provides basis for other skills

Education helps the people to gain more

confidence and helps interaction among others

easily

University is a great place to meet new people

University life is an amazing experience

Literacy improves working person’s capability

Education provides basis for healthy population

University is a great place to meet new people

University life is an amazing experience

Learners study in depth a subject that interests

they

A degree gives you more choices in life

Most jobs require specific knowledge and skills

University builds initiative and leadership skills that

can be used for life

Skilled workers are needed for sectors such as

information technology and engineering

Schools aim to teach young people moral values

such as tolerance and sharing

Schools prepare children to be members of a

society

Many students go into debt to pay their university

fees. Wnen they start working, a large part of their

salary goes to pay back the loan

A university degree is not necessary for many

service professions

There are people, who think that having a good

education is not very important. Some girls want to

be good mothers and have big families.

Other people think that manual professions do not

need a good education. Some manual workers will

always be needed

Higher education do not teach you to face real

world challenges



Many students choose to study abroad because

there are greater opportunities in a particular

foreign country. Foreign universities may offer

better facilities or courses. They may also be more

prestigious than universities in the student’s own

country and have teachers who are experts in their

fields.

Firstly, the independence of living away from home

is a benefit because it helps the students develop

better social skills and improve as a person.

Many students travel abroad to study at a

prestigious university.

The best universities employ teachers who are

experts in their fields

Qualifications gained abroad can open doors to

better job opportunities.

Studying in a different environment helps students

become more adaptable and gives them the

confidence to deal with difficult problems.

Living in a foreign country can broaden students'

horizons.

Overseas students are exposed to different

cultures and customs.

They are responsible for cooking, cleaning and

paying bills

They will learn a foreign language

In the new country, students have to live and work

with other learners of various nationalities. Thus,

overseas students are exposed to different

cultures, customs and points of view.

Studying abroad is expensive. Tuition fees, room

and board, books and supplies, utilities, local

transportation and the overall cost of living for

overseas students are higher than in the student's

own country.

The language barrier can be a problem

Students have to find accommodation and pay bills

Studying in a foreign language is challenging -

Обучение на иностранном языке является

сложным. Overseas students may be unable to

understand lectures and find it difficult to adapt to

different styles of teaching.

Many students feel homesick and miss their

families.

Some students experience culture shock.

Many students go into debt to pay their university

fees. Wnen they start working, a large part of their

salary goes to pay back the loan



Examinations are a part of every student’s life.

Exams encourage students to study

Exam grades give students an idea of their

progress. Экзаменационные оценки дают

студентам представление об их прогрессе.

Exams provide the most accurate way of testing

student knowledge and learning.

Those who prepare properly for their exams feel

calm and confident and do not make mistakes.

Modern exams include not only tests but also

essay writing, where students can show their real

knowledge and individual abilities.

Exams are the quickest way of testing students

Exams give an objective rating of knowledge

gained by students within the corresponding term.

Экзамены дают объективный рейтинг знаний,

полученных учащимися в течение

соответствующего срока.

Exams not only increase knowledge, they also

strengthen the memory. When students learn what

they have studied throughout the year, this makes

the long term memory stronger. Экзамены не

только увеличивают знания, они также

укрепляют память. Когда студенты изучают то,

что они изучали в течение года, это укрепляет

долговременную память.

Exams are a very stressful experience. They can

cause depression. Depression caused by exams

can have very negative impact on the student’s

personality. Депрессия, вызванная экзаменами,

может очень негативно повлиять на личность

студента.

Exams cause too much stress, panic and anxiety in

students.

A major problem caused by examination is the

comparison that is made between learners,

ignoring the fact that we all are different from

each other. Some students learn new concepts

easily while others are better at sports. Основной

проблемой, вызванной экзаменом, является

сравнение, которое проводится между

учащимися, игнорируя тот факт, что мы все

отличаемся друг от друга. Некоторые студенты

легко изучают новые концепции, в то время как

другие лучше занимаются спортом.

Exams can only cover some basic and narrow

knowledge, omitting to student’s personal abilities

and creativity. Экзамены могут охватывать

только некоторые базовые и узкие знания без

учета личных способностей и творчества

студента.

Some parents decide to educate their children at

home due to poor learning environment at school.

Most parents do not have the time to educate their

children at home



Some families live in isolated areas with poor

transport.

Homeschooling provides a safe learning

environment. Children who are homeschooled are

not exposed to teasing, bullying, negative peer

pressure, bad influences.

Parents are not satisfied with local schools

Parents can respond to what their children need

and how they learn best.

Homeschooling strengthens closeness of the

family, and parents’ relationships to children are

made deeper. Parents spend more time with their

kids, and are able to watch their children grow.

One-to-one lessons allow much faster progress.

Discipline problems are avoided by homeschooling.

Parents face financial disadvantages when they

decide to homeschool because one parent must

stay at home.

School subjects are normally taught by up to ten

different teachers

Most parents do not have the necessary

knowledge or resources

Private tutors are expensive

Children will miss out on the social experience that

school offers

One of the major disadvantages of homeschooling

in the beginning is a sense of isolation.

At school, children learn how to get on with each

other

Home-schooled children may lack social skills

Schools offer a better overall educational

experience

Schooling - учеба в школе

Teaching – обучение

Tuition – обучение

Learning – изучение

Teach – учить, обучать

School – обучать

Prepare – готовить

Explain – объяснять

Knowledge – знание

Mental development - умственное развитие

Parenting – воспитание

Testing – тестирование

Academic examination - академический экзамен

Final testing - итоговое тестирование

Test - тестовое задание

Knowledge check - проверка знаний

Examination – экзамен

Examination paper - экзаменационная работа

Subject – предмет (школьный)

Written/oral/final/entrance exam – письменный, устный, выпускной/итоговый, вступительный

экзамен

Take examination/sit for an exam (in) – сдавать экзамен (по)

Read up for an exam – готовиться к экзамену

To prepare for exam - готовиться к экзамену

Preparing to take an exam - подготовка к сдаче экзамена


https://www.babla.ru/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0


Fail an exam – провал на экзамене

Get grades – получать оценки

School-leaving certificate - аттестат об окончании средней школы

Curriculum [kəˈrɪkjʊləm] – учебный план

Extracurricular activities - внеклассная работа

Schedule [ˈʃedjuːl] – расписание

Follow a schedule – работать по расписанию

Competition [kɔmpɪˈtɪʃn] – конкурс, соревнование

Tuition fee – плата за обучение

Vocational training – профессиональная подготовка

Leave/finish school – закончить школу

School-leaver/ graduate – выпускник

Be good at – преуспевать в…

Be top of the class – быть лучшим в классе Sam was top in English. - Сэм был лучшим в

английском.

Compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] – обязательный

Optional – необязательный, факультативный

Take the exam- сдавать экзамен (значение слова: проходить экзамен или тестирование.

Употребление: take an exam мы используем, когда нам предстоит принять участие в

экзамене/тестировании, или мы написали его, но не знаем пока результата;

Pass examination - сдать экзамен (значение слова: получить положительный результат в экзамене

или тесте. Употребление: pass an exam мы используем, когда успешно сдали экзамен, то есть

получили положительный результат.)

Examinee – экзаменующийся

Participant of the exam - участник экзамена

Student, pupil, schoolgirl, schoolboy, learner, educate (schoolchildren – мн.число)

Teacher, educator, schoolmaster, schoolteacher, pedagogue, practice teacher

School, high school, secondary school, gymnasium – гимназия, lyceum - лицей

Schoolhouse - здание школы

2. Tourism, Travelling

Nowadays tourism has become very popular and

turned into a prosperous business процветающий

бизнес. Tourism is an important sector that has an

impact on development of country economy. It

gives job opportunities, increases income of the

country; helps preserve and develop the culture,

history and nature. Tourism sets the political,

economic, social and technological relations

between nations.

Tourism is one of those industries that are capable

Some people are not optimistic about tourism.

They say that some beaches and resorts are

uncomfortably crowded, and the historic centres of

world-famous cities are becoming occupied by

thousands of tourists. Besides, tourism can disrupt

ecosystems and environments. For example, a lot

of beaches and lagoons are being destroyed to

make room for hotels and restaurants.

Some people say that ecotourism does have some

disadvantages. Firstly, the increasing number of



of providing rapid economic growth in jobs, income

standard of living and in activating their productive

sectors in the receiving country.

Tourism breaks down the barriers between

countries helping to create a more peaceful world.

The most popular and pleasant way of spending

time for active and energetic people is traveling. It

is so interesting to discover new places and

different people, to explore different continents

and countries, to try exquisite (изысканную)

cuisine and enjoy dawns (наслаждаться

рассветами) on the other end of the

world. Traveling is the best way to change the

atmosphere, to have a rest from everyday life and

to get new emotions and impressions that remain

(остаётся) always with us.

There are some different kinds of travelling

including:

the city trip, family holidays, package

holidays/tour, beach holidays, group holidays,

backpacking, activity holidays, cultural holidays,

camping, ecotourism/eco holidays, cruise, business

travel and adventure travel.

Backpacking is a form of low-cost, independent

travel. It includes the use of a backpack that is

easily carried for long distances or long periods of

time; the use of public transport; inexpensive

lodging such as youth hostels

A package tour or package holiday consists of

transport, accommodation and meals organized by

a tour operator and sold to a consumer by a travel

agent. Other services may be provided like a rental

car, activities or outing during the holiday. It is

really well organised and everything is all inclusive

in the price. This means that you don’t have to

worry about things.

Activity holidays are chosen by active people who

love skiing, scuba diving, hiking etc.

Cultural holidays are popular with those who want

to see monuments, churches, museums and other

sights.

Camping is an outdoor recreation activity. The

campers stay overnight outdoors, usually at a

campsite. Camping may involve the use of a tent,

caravan, motorhome or a cabin. Camping is an

inexpensive form of accommodation.

tourists can lead to the expansion of infrastructure.

As a result, many parts of the natural environment

may be destroyed to make room for commercial

tourist structures. What is more, native people are

often exploited for cheap labour.

Disadvantages of travelling :

Tourism can often cause environmental

damage with things like pollution and forest

fires. Even if tourists behave responsibly, the

sheer number of the them can cause

problems. Structures such as ancient

buildings, monuments, and temples often

struggle to cope with the vast amounts of

tourist traffic and they suffer wear and tear

or damage. Туризм часто может нанести

ущерб окружающей среде с такими

вещами, как загрязнение окружающей

среды и лесные пожары. Даже если

туристы ведут себя ответственно, их число

может вызвать проблемы. Такие

сооружения, как древние здания,

памятники и храмы, часто испытывают

трудности, чтобы справиться с огромным

количеством туристов, и они страдают от

износа или повреждения.

Most journeys last very long and it can make

us feel tired and discouraged.

Emissions generated by forms of transport

are one of the main environmental problems

of tourism. Выбросы, создаваемые видами

транспорта, являются одной из основных

экологических проблем туризма.

Sometimes the flights are delayed because of

unfavourable weather conditions.

Travelling can be too expensive. Some people

ignore traveling to popular places because

them have to spend a lot of money in order

to make trip fun and memorable.

Popular places are flooded by lots of people,

especially during the summer or peak season.

If you don’t want to be in such place, then

you shouldn’t be in popular places.

Unknown territory may cause discomfort.

There are difficulties in adaptation.

The language barrier can lead to

misunderstandings.



Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting

undisturbed natural areas. It is a responsible travel

to natural areas that conserves the environment

and improves the well-being of local people.

A trip abroad requires careful planning:

you must have a valid passport and visa to

travel abroad

to buy a plane ticket

to make a reservation in the hotel

to take enough money

to get travel Insurance before travelling

to refresh your language skills

to make up a packing list and follow it

Keep in mind the following pointers to make your

foreign trip as safe and interesting as possible:

to learn about local laws and customs

to get the addresses and phone members of

your country embassy

to have access to emergency funds

(экстренные службы)

to keep personal information secret

to carry documents and money in a hidden

pocket

Advantages of travelling :

Tourism is a popular leisure activity. It

provides you with unforgettable moments

and experiences. If you travel, you can

experience things that you could never

experience at home. You may see beautiful

places and landscapes that do not exist

where you live. You may meet people that

will change your life, and your thingking. You

may try activities that you have never tried

before.

Provides cultural exchange between hosts

and guests.

Travelling helps us to broaden our horizon of

knowledge and deepen our understanding of

the world. It gives us excellent opportunity to

learn about life of people, culture, history and

geography any country.

Tourism brings profit to the local and regional

areas and creates jobs at the local, state and

government levels. Secondly, local festivals

and cultural events have been developed and

Global tourism creates misunderstanding

between people from different cultures, and

that the differences are often a cause for

conflict rather than celebration.



supported because of heavy tourist

participation, and many buildings and

monuments have been renovated. What is

more, experiencing different cultures is

interesting and educational for tourists.

It provides jobs for the locals. Hotels, bars,

transport, shops, and restaurants all need

staffing нуждаются в персонале. Tourism

can provide much-needed employment

необходимую занятость for people.

Money from tourism goes towards projects

for local facilities such as schools, health

clinics and improved roads. Деньги от

туризма идут на проекты для местных

объектов, таких как школы, поликлиники и

улучшенные дороги.

It can provide a incentive for investment in

infrastructure such as roads and rail

networks, as well as funding local medical

and education facilities. Это может стать

стимулом для инвестиций в

инфраструктуру, такую как автомобильные

и железнодорожные сети, а также в

финансирование местных медицинских и

образовательных учреждений.

There is so much to see and learn from

travelling. For instance, you can experience

exotic landscapes and the traditions and can

learn the cultural heritage of the people who

live there. Besides, travelling lets you see the

history of different cities and educates about

the rich background they had over the years.

Tourists enjoy leisure activities such as golf,

tennis, or horseback riding, while local

residents work hard to earn as much money

as they can during the tourist season.

Travelling makes you more confident and

independent. You will realise that you can

cope with a lot of unexpected situations. You

will likely find out that you are much stronger

and braver than you have expected.

School trips are very interesting and

educational. Firstly, school trips give students

a chance to acquire new information, to

improve their knowledge, to apply different

skills and to gain new insight into various

subjects. Secondly, school trips break up the



monotony of the classroom routine and

enable students to see how their classwork

applies to everyday life. What is more, school

trips put schoolchildren in real-life scenarios

and require observation, investigation, and

communication with other people.

Today more and more people are becoming

interested in ecotourism, which promotes

recycling, energy efficiency, water

conservation, and the safe disposal of waste

and garbage. Secondly, ecotourism

contributes to the economic development of

local communities. Tourists provide local

people with work, use local transportation,

inns and markets, and make voluntary

contributions. In addition, funds generated

from ecotourism are used to establish and

maintain national parks and nature reserves.

Tourists should follow the rules and regulations of the

country they are visiting. They must obey the traffic laws

and respect the sentiments of people. The government

must aware the visiting foreigners about the rules and

regulations before they apply for a visitor visa.

Traveler – путешественник

Tourist - турист, tourer - турист, путешественник, visitor - посетитель , holiday-maker - отдыхающий,

voyager - путешественник морей , sightseer - экскурсант, tripper - экскурсант , excursionist -

экскурсант , camper - турист

To get unforgettable impressions and vivid emotions — получить незабываемые впечатления и яркие

эмоции

Magnificent landscapes – великолепные пейзажи

Impressive scenery - впечатляющие пейзажи

Spectacular scenery - захватывающие пейзажи

Breathtaking view - захватывающий вид

Spectacular beaches - впечатляющие пляжи

Stunning architecture - потрясающая архитектура

Magnificent buildings - великолепные здания

To go sightseeing - осматривать достопримечательности

To see the sights – осматривать достопримечательности

Wildlife safari - дикая природа сафари

To be on holidays - быть в отпуске

To change the scene — сменить обстановку

To meet new people — знакомиться с новыми людьми



To go abroad — поехать за границу

Guide – гид, экскурсовод

Inspiration — вдохновение, воодушевление

Travelling is also a source of inspiration and the perfect way of recreation.

Destination — пункт назначения, (туристическое) направление

Health / holiday resort — курорт

Package holiday / tour — турпутевка, включающая проезд, проживание, питание, экскурсии;

турпакет «все включено»

Direct regular flight — прямой регулярный рейс

Charter (light — чартерный рейс

Travel agency — турагентство

Today many travel agents offer great deals, especially for package holidays, which include flights,

transfers, accommodation, insurance, meals, as well as different excursions.

Accommodation — проживание (в гостинице)

Insurance — страхование

Excursion — экскурсия, круиз

Passenger — пассажир

To take off — взлетать (о самолете)

Arrival / departure time — время прилета / вылета

To book tickets in advance

To change trains — делать пересадку (с одного поезда на другой)

They had to change trains. — Им пришлось сделать пересадку на другой поезд.

Backpacking — пеший туризм, туристический поход

To rent а саг — арендовать автомобиль

I like going sightseeing. — Мне нравится осматривать достопримечательности.

To take pictures / photos — фотографировать, фотографироваться

I love taking photos of nature. — Я люблю фотографировать природу.

Tourist attraction — достопримечательность

Places of interest — достопримечательности города

Luggage / baggage — багаж

Travelling a long distance - путешествовать на дальние расстояния

To travel light — путешествовать налегке

I like to travel light. — Я люблю путешествовать налегке.

Air travel delays – задержки рейсов

Camping facilities – условия для отдыха в кемпинге

To travel by car / by train / by plain / by ship / on foot — путешествовать на автомобиле / на поезде

/ на самолете / на корабле / пешком

Advantages of means of transport (TRAIN)

It is a fast transport

It is cheaper and faster than road transport

It is a comfortable transport

You can see the nature

You can eat in the dining-car

You can sleep comfortably



If it is rainy, you will not get wet

Advantages of means of transport (CAR)

You can stop where you want

You can change your route at any moment

You can make your own time-table


You don’t need to carry bags


Advantages of means of transport (PLANE)

It is the fastest transport

It is a comfortable transport

It is very interesting to travel by plane

Advantages of means of transport (BUS)


It is not expensive


Advantages of means of transport (BICYCLE)

It is the cheapest transport


You can stop where you want

You can make your own time-table

Advantages of means of transport (SHIP)

It is very interesting to travel by ship

You can see beautiful nature

It is very comfortable

Disadvantages of means of transport (TRAIN)

It is slower than plane

It can be crash

It is noisy

Disadvantages of means of transport (CAR)

There are traffic jams

Risk of road accidents

The price of petrol is high

If the travelling is long, it is uncomfortably to sleep

There can be only 5 people in the car

Disadvantages of means of transport (PLANE)

It is very expensive



You can’t stop where you want

You can see only the sun and the clouds

You can have an air-illnes

It can be crash

The registration is very long

It may be delayed by:

• bad weather

• labour strikes

• technical problems

• border controls

Disadvantages of means of transport (BUS)

It is not comfortable if there are many people in the bus

There are traffic jams

It is slower than train and plane

Disadvantages of means of transport (BICYCLE)

It is the slowest transport

If it is rainy, you will get wet

In winter it is difficult to go by bicycle

You get tired if you go far away

Disadvantages of means of transport (SHIP)

It is the slower than train and plane

It is expensive

You can have a see-illness


Documents

ЕГЭ-2019 · 2019-03-11 · изучает английский язык самостоятельно и совершенствует свои знания. Пособие ... Living