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Kuuaama ezeewda qumatrle)xtt e ueoSnmwtn Jwapccil c+nm Ha

trb,lqaHuemo. B nen ca onucaHu ocHoaHume npuHqilnu u cneulu'

Quuuume m'bHKoctlTt't tla e'MAplaHemo u nodeoduwn pudonoe -e A uu o m u ati- e,wo rqu o ua txl tltfl € ctl o p ttx nu d u c t'4u n nuuu'"-'i-poarnru*e

Ha naleaalamd np&Kmuaa' ce p{82'aertrAam}c uoa

noAxoA, usepa\en aa lasatna Ha ilaquoHa'xHufl anwn' 3a npzc

;;; ; ;r, ce pturcsndaflx *6npocuffie Ha zttvptddHemo e 1emcna'

ffLe B'6sp&cn7, ettypKdl\snxo tt i{eHd'ms" iwemc\urcanta ua nodeol 'ttua pulottoe e Llepuo -uope, noee\eHilemo Ha pas'tuatume eudose

lru6u.

@ !,rarrallrr'p latrqeu Mtrllctr, l0'30' l{)lJ:J

@ Er',lra.l rrn Mttrpcna- Iia xr,l)l[)l{ Ilclr;1,

xy/toxllHK lla llJIlo('l'l)illlllrl'rc, l1)30, 1983

c/o JusatrIrr', Sofia

7S617S9

Ha f eirqo IIaeJroB

Uao0B pasr"rex4aHara Marepllfl c:L,3Hare,rIFIo ce orcrpaHflBa [peKoMep-*IItgT 6aJracr Ha 14cTopuffTa, $ljgHKaTa, xr.rMr.Iqra, xrr-{po6uo"rotugraH ApyrnTe HayKu, cBTlpsaH[ c Mopero. c roea ce npec,'reABaT r{rrKo,Tr{oueJrn:

flpe4lr BcltrrKo .qa ce oc]rrypn 3Har{rrrer'rHo fipocrpaucrBo sa pa3-roBop He car\4o Iro ocHoBHHTe npuHr{u{ru, Ho u Br,pxlr npaKTHrrecK[TerlHKocTlr Ha rM]:pKaHero r.1 no.{Boauun pu6a,rtoB; 6e3 n,a ce F{a[ycKaTpa\tKr4Te Ha HayqHoTo tlo3Halxlle, Aa ce HanpaBn {.{3Ji0}KeHi4eTo tio-qe-JIeHaCOqello, Aa ce ocTrll]ecTtsTt AlIper(THo r.r AoBepr{utso Bp:b3Ka '{e}KAy{inrareJff }I aBropa Lt Har\\)at|, ila ce. pa3rJreAar npo6,rennffle upeaHaTpyilBalIIifiTa ria Hgql{oriaJ'IH}tfl u JrrzqHr4rr o[rHT.

brpsolo us\repnBalre Fra rrbpBoro H3AaHHe AoKa3a Hy)KAara orroAo6Ho IIeTHBo. ANo na6panr.{flT Ira!I}rH Ha I,I3,{o)KeHue e crloMori{aJI3a TO3r4 lir-iTepec, yAoB,'reTBopet{ueTo HI{ Iqe 6r4e nt,rno.

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vTbnKaH, qe BcflKa,nyMa cgKaIII HaHaCfl paHa E M6rTIIa"IIt{BOT0 CEefiLeHO-

geiicrer.re Ha MOpeTO. L4Cxa su ce Aa BflpBaMe, qe IdaIIIIIflT xIuTaTe.[ e

fipHMaMeH, Lr3KymeH, 3apa3eH - He, qerofte Beqe n'-rIeHHI'[K Ha JTeleH-

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nuypranero e qucrufiT n.I)pBI'{IIeH cfiopr' Not?ro rloAHacff nBtTHoro

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rrpe3 Koero r{oeeK "tnonuyuu

u"3Ayxal "cNnaAnpan" e 6e'lttre N{y Apo-

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Ka' H3IlCKBaIqa MHOIO BOJIfl 14 rt'pIIeHHe' MaKap Aa c€ Kacae 11*yMepeH'

rrocreneHeH MeroA, xofiro He npecIiJIBa opraHI43Ma' Aopu caMaTa arlHerl

6n rpn6aatro Aa cquraMe 3a cnopr' 3auloro rs npe'['craBJlflBa Mero-

Ar.rrrHo i43BbpuBaHe ua $ttsuuecxn ynpaxueHI4fl ' yc'bBbpuleHcrBytsaul'il

qoBe[rK]rfl opta'i.l36M.' B nOAeo,qHOiO cll nplJJIO)xeHIIe T' o^c'lypflBa

3Harllrre"IHa aBToHoMHfl Ha lN{ypKaqa u"tN ptr6onoBelra }I e^HeorMeHI'{Ma

[pe/iilOcraBKa 3a rlpaKruNynauero Ha re3l4 ABa crlopra' urryK ce no-

pa)KAa ecrecrBeHoro 3aA6JrX{eHI4e Aa pa3f"IeAaMe B no-rur'lpoxa @opma

npOUeCUte B OplaHI'i3Ma' CBT'p3aHH C anHefTa'--' A^o ot,snplrelueu e4ua onpocreHa KaprI'IHa'6nxme M0IJIII Aa KalKeM"

o" nop*rnnoio $yur<uuoHHpal.ie Ha qoBeuKoro rq"to ce rIoAA'bp)Ka or

cnoeo6pasHo,,r"pruo;, puuno'oo*""o B -HeroBure

KfierKI4' BAfiureaue-

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Hr4re,rrHr{re BetqecrBa' IIpn roai I{3lapsHe ce o6pa:yea ornaAbqlli'{ T

rrpoAyKr EblJIepoAeH 4nyoxuc, or ril4ero HarpyrlBaHe TtIJIOTO Ce

ocso6oxAana qPe3 I'IsAuuBaHero.flpu sa4:spN<aHe Ha AH[IaHeTo oplaHI{3il{T,T cT,3HaTed'IHo ce JII,{ilIa6a

ot au6" ,,aycnyx" x Harpyneal-Iero Ha B:br"IepoAHlrff AByoKHc Hapacrea

"u""pnt"t'unHo. B rosH l,tol'teHr rIopIiBt'T 3a AlIlUaHe ]I]I [oAKaHfi

Aa ld3xBr,pdl{'lM olacHaTa KoHl{eHrpal{fitl Ha B:bl"IepoAeII AByOKI'{C H

CT,UeBpeMeHI{o Aa oct]lypHM npl{roK Ha KIT"IOpOA' IIyXeFI 3a rlo-Ha-

tururuiuoro Q]'Hxtruosnpalle Ha opraHu3Ma' Tona ca 4eala xpaiibltJlli{4

KaMT,Ka, Bbpxy Kol4ro ce ir3lpaXAa aIIHeRra'tr4srpax4ariero ll,lIr, tlo-Toquo l<a3alo, yllT"lx{aEaHero Ha anneflTa

ce nocrula qpe3 lpi4ralaHero Ha ABa esaHN{HO AOnbJIBauIH ce cnoco6a:

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Ha Bbr,'IepoAeH AByoKI'{c B KplbBra' llportlnuo Ha I{flKoII pa3fipocrpa-

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npeAIII4CaHI4nUuauuny,Ilaqnll,TaKaqerlbre[IecrBfleroMyMox{eAaceonp"nrut Ha ABU){{eHI'Ie c Mo,[,epHo I]peBO3HO CpeAcTEO'

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,,na-*oti'. B sa\,IsHa Ha roea o6ulyeauero My c;Iglp--olara e fienocpeA*

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h"*u .np"nn Aoryl{. imypxauero 6e ca&soro 3apa}K'4'aHe I{a ttoA'tsoA*

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0cnrypflBaHanoKOJIeHI,IfTaMHoroorHeo6xoAI4MI{Te?IltIHeII.a'HG}Hafi-seqe 3ApaBe u xapMoHI'IqHo .pasBI{rHe'

C'ou4nocm Ha eMAPKaHerno

flo4 ,,ruypKaue" e npnero Aa ce pas6rrpa cflycKalle Ha olIpe'u'edTeHa

a"n'oouuni noA eoAHaTa noBT,pxHocr, HO He no-MaJIKa Or eAilIi rIoBeuI"

Kr.{ p6cr, [p]I Koero rltypNau'or cnfipa AI{[IaHero cu' llocneAl]oro ce

*ru,"'rau o, b6cro""eJICTBaTa, qe BoAaTa [Ie Mox(e Aa Cr:gAe ,,4tri[IaHa" oT

;;;;r. llpn uannusaHero B Hefl rMypKaqbr llarycKa ecrecrBei{ara cI'{

cpeAa u rrorTar.a "

lpv.r,-""to " tp6ino 500 ntrd no-r6cra or B'b3Ayxa

u vTTna)KHflBa BT,pXV HeIo HaJItlraHe' KoeTo ce yBeJTHIII'IBa c HapacTBaHe

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luypNauero ce 3a1'py,x,H ttla H o'l' ABe Apyrfi rI{nHqI-It4 sn'ryenun ' Or"

;;;;;;pr*u, 6rpsoro bxnetx^atte Ha rMypKaqa or EoAI1ara cpe^a' or 'u'py*

fa CTpaHa :-- 1i3T,'lilCKBaHe]'O lla qOBeIxKOTO TflJIO OT BOAaTa K.bM IIO-

BlbpxHocrTa BCJ]eAcTBt4e [ra ue loBaTa IIJIaBae['tocr. HaNpan He MoMeM L&

HeoT'n.edIIIlMnoAxoAgltloBII]4MaIIi4eI{HaycJIo}KHeHHfTa,HacT6flEaild}lB pe3yJlrar lla HerpeAnllll'elll4 npHqrIHI{'

'C,riAosare,irno inrypNaHe'ro e fipeoi(orxflBaHe Ha cbnI(yrlHocr ornporlilloc't'oflull{ IIa qoieNa $arropn, Kollro 6uxue IloApeAI4d'IH tlo cre*

I]E}ITA }IA TRXIIATA BAiKHOCT:

14g69rBa]Ie Ha 3a'4yillaBallero;14 3lllplK?lll€ Ha H a,'Ifl laFlero;ocllryptBaHe Ha HopMa,'IHO 3peH14€;

3ailIllTa oT oxJlaiKAaHeTO;npoTllBoilocraBg He Ha ILrIaBaeMocTTal

npent,suoreaue Ha HefipeAtsI{AeiIu ycJIo)KHeHI4ti'

6

npeAMer, c66upaHe Ha Mkrnv, noABoAeH p[6o,'IoB H T. H. Apyr ene-MeHr e reMneparypara Ha BoAara. B no-ronna BoAa e.rua Do-Ar,d'rreanHer 6u morna Aa ce fipllrorBu v 3a 20-30 ceKyHAr.r, Aoxaro np]I 3r.rM-.Hi4 yc,'roBnfl rroHflKora He caAocrar:brrHu r.r 3 unHyrrz. 3artto? B no-cry-.AeHa BoAa rx,'roro e l,r3,'Io>xeHo I{a no-ro,'IffMa ron,ro3ary6a u repuope-.ryJraquoHr{r4rrr qeHr:bp Ha opraHu3r\{a e npr.{HyAeH Aa ycKopH o6pa-syBaHeTo Ha rorrJlr.rHa.Tosa soAr.rAoAorrr,,THr{TeJreHpa3xo4 Ha,,ropr{Eo"a oTTaM - HyxAa oT rroBeqe Kr4cJropoA.

V uac 6o.nuruHcreoro rMlrpKaqn trpes drflroro ce nprl4bpxrar Kt'h{nponopullsra 1:1, r. e. aKo aflHeqra e 45 cexyu4r,r, To 3a r.r3qaKBaFre ce'or.qeJrf c:brqr{flr 6poii cexyr-r4u. Tona,pasSapa ce, e uaii-o6ula Koncrara-Illlfl, SaqOTO trHAr4BLrAya.rIHpITe OTJIr{KH, CTerreHTa Ha IOA|OTOBKa IE,crpaHnrrHlrre $aNropH B]rHaru Hrparr oilpeAe,reHa po,rs. Kru crpaHHrI-unre $axloilr.r HanprNtep troxeur Aa nplirrficri.rM MopcKoro B:L,,rrHerr]reI'I IIAJIUIIPICTO }IA TEqCHI,{C, KOTATO CMC TIPNHYACHI,I AA CC YA1bP)I{AMC HJI}I.Aa ce ABfl)KHM cpeqy Hero.

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.Aa ,,H3qt4c,'It,t" Heo6xo4ttMoro BpeMe 3a Me]KAHHHu 4t,'t6ouullu, Hatrpll-Mep 3a cJrri3aHe Ha B u, ua12v,, n np. Halrara npeiropr,Ka e qr.{Kdrrr{g-HOrO BpeMe Aa ce cla3Ba orqe or rrbpBoro rMypKaHe 3a AeHs,Koero rr{esa6ast Han/'IacrffBaHero Ha yMopara. FleonuruuflT tMypKar{ r.r3pag-xo,{Ba HepurMr.rr{Ho cBorrre npecHr.{ cwJrt v 6lpso trgqeprlBa BT}3Nro}K-IIOCTT{Te Ci4 3a fiO-Afbnr'r npecroft B1'B BoAaTa.

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Aa 3anoqHe eABa cJreA, 16JIHOTO OTnyCKaHe Ha Tf,'IOrO lt rpafinuunTe, cb-IrpoBoAeHo c nT,JrHo rrcgxr.rqecKo pa3ToBapBaHe. BCqKO 4et?crnrte na

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craBar c qeJILis fpr,AeH KoIrI,3arIOqBaftXr'r or 4uaQparltata. HsroH lMypKa-qr4 c14 [oMaNaT c yMepeHI4 ABL{X{eHIIfl Ha pT,[eTe,KaTO rI'I pa3IIepBar Ha IIO-

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saue. I4nrepeien uaHuep Ha6nrc4aBaxMe y Hac npll Speucliur xapny-nucr Xan-Eari.{cr EcK,'Ia[e3, Koftro IIocraBflIIIe pbllere cI'I HaA Kpr'cra'

B ggron Hallili I{3TOiIHHqL{ [OeMaHeTo Ha rInCT KI'ICJIOpOA Ce OnHc-

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uupaN{e KaTo paBHo[paBeH MeToA, a caMo Karo LonlIHloBO CTI'{MyJII4-

paHe no fipocrara rlpl4qI4Ha' rle 6 Harl{qe yN{i4luJleHo noeMaHe IIa Be-

IqecrBo (e cnyuan - ra3) or opraFII'{3Ma Ha crloprl'Icra'Or Ha5t'IHg I'I [paKTI4I{ecKa l,'IeAHa roqKa no-onpaBAaHo H3rJIe)KAa

*unonr]r"unero Ha 6apoKax'{epa c HI'ICKO aruoc$epHo.HaJIslaHe' Tg ce

sBflBa Karo KoFI',lparlyHKT i-Ia cnoMeHarHfl AOIII4H|, T6lI Karo ]iA6'IIX{aEaaIIHeflTa rlpe3 ilpe,[,Bap]ITer'IHO II4rrIaHe Ha B'b3AyX C HaMa"IeI{O KUCJIO-

xloAHo cbA:bpMaFrne. fIocTaBeFI B O6CraHoBKa Ha HeAOCTX4T, C[opTI4CT6T

iy6u or c:t4tpxauuelo FIa KlIc"Iopo,{ ti Kp'bBra' Tona crtiltyJ'Iupa lropbqneNropeH rrr,r rrpeycrpoilc'trJo,r' lta )Kt43IIet{ure npo''ecli -_ e'ep-reTur{HuTe Hy)xAl.I }Ia OpralllI3Ma (:e 3alloBoflqBal' lIaB[IO 3a C.il{eTKa Ha

Sesriac.noponHoro /IuiIUtHe, a Ocrr()lllll4Te npoqecl4 ce II3B:bplIlBar ilpi{uanra,'lesa norpe6HocT oT KrtcJlopoA. flpeycrpoenufiT pexuLl Ha X{H3-

HeHaaKTI4BHOCTOCTaBaBCU,'laoKo,'IoqerB:bprqaccile.q,[onaAaHeT0n, itypnuua or 6apoNaMepara B ecrecrBeHa arltoccpepa' Tosa e ne-

puO4.si, B Koriro cnOp''c,rur Mo)Ke Aa ll3Bbplxil ''p'A:','IMLIT6JIHO

rMyp-KaHe c6c c[eu!IaJIHO IIpeAIla3lIarleHlIe.- -

Oua"r4no 6apoKaMepa'ra ue e AorIl{HloBa ,,r<yrl4tr", a cpeAcrtso 3a

MoSI{,'IH3aL(ug na ecrec'lBeHl4tl $ynxquona"IeH rloreHuvalr LTa r{oBelltr*

*'""offitiil[;" Ha r3qaKBarrero ce odyc.rraax or H'KorKo gaxropa.

Haqe.no noc'rastlMe Hyll{Aara o'r [oquBKa' aKo lMypKaHero He e tlT'pBo

no p.:r. Harpynauara y.\'{cpa He Mox{e Aa ce orMI'lHe c JIeKa prxa' r:nfi

KaTO rrr Kprre cepuo3HnOilacHocru 3a r\IypKaua. B'ropo MfiCTO \{O}Ke AA

ce olile.u,u I{a Atn6oqu}raTa, cT,IIOCTaBeHa c MucIIflTa Ha lMypKaIIeTO -Aa,li{ npocro UIe npaBI4NI IlO"I,BOAHa pa3xoAKa I'IJII'I IIpeAcroI'I BaAeHe Ha

I

Jrr4qaBa, Koero n6K BOIIIZ AO 3ary6a Ha Ct'3Haliue li Sara"'ieH Kpafl Ha.

MOpCKOTO A]'HO. 3a [traCTI,Ie CHlHa,'i 3a npeKa"IeHO pa3AHuIBaHe ce no*JIyqaBa OlI{e FIa IOBTIpXHOCTTa r{pe3 ,'IeKO npHr'IO[IaBAHe' BI{eHe Ha CBffT

'r,ru no.rrBa Ha cBer,Trr roqKli npeA or{HTe. HeoSxoAu,\{o e B TaKilEa.

CIyrIaI4 UI'{KbrTT'T Ha t'[3qaKBaHe Aa 3anoqHe OTHOBO' KaTO Ce npu,'10]KI{'IroqItBKa Ao I16AHO lrsqe3BaHe FIa Cr]OMeHarLITe CI{MIITOMI,I.

Canroro Ha3BaIrI4e Ha npenopr,qa+wfl. Bropl4 crloco6 - sa6atsflHe -'floACKa3BA, qe CTaBa AyMa 3a saAT'p)KaHe AefiHOCrra Ha OptaHI{3\,Ia,floxearrr rrglrcKBa rrecre,'rHBo u3pagxoABaHe Ha 3arlacnTe or Knc,rtopoA.rro BpeMe Ha anHeqra, KaKTo I,t orpaHr.iqaBaHe o6pa3yBaHeTo Ha E6rJIe-,4ByOKr{C. MerO4rr npeArro"{ara e,rHMHHnpaHe Ha pe3Kr{re l{d'lri 6esflo*JIe3Hr4 ABIrXer{Hfl:.

Vcrpenn aanero K6M AlbHoro 6u lror,ro r,a ce r.{3Bibpturi c N{rrHHMyMycu|ililn rr Aop14 5eg nouou{ra Ha IIepKr.{re,aKo rillypKar{br [peABapL{rerTr{o'HO e rrocrrlrHadn eAHo pa3yN{Ho 6anancupaHe Ha rfl,'roro.X(enauraero 4aAo'crurse Ar,r{oro ceKylrAa no-cKopo He Hocr.r neqar'I6a r{a Bpes,le H He.

fapariTl4pa rl0-At,rro ocraBaHe TaM, KaKTo norpelllHo 6fixa o.IaKeanfiHrrKorr. Ho eeAHrx 4o6pa,'ru ce TaM, HHe x,ro)KeM Aa rrpoAb/'rlKr.il,{ !1Ko-HOMIiqHaTa ,{HHr{f Ha nOBeAeHUe He3aBI4Cr{MO OT 3aAaqure, KOfiTO Ct\,re.

cH rrocraBl{,'tu. B nocneAHlrre loAHHli 6e Heno.rlaynaHa cilc'IeMa 3a npH-ABHxBaHe rlo A:bHoro, Koflro ce oKa3a oco6eHo pesyJrralr{a. I,inqa cenpeA 814.4 TaKa HapeqeHoTo ,,r,'rb3taHe", c:bcToflirlo ce or npu6upaue,Ha KpaKara u nepKrrre B eAI{a n,'IocKocr r.r npr4AibpnBaHe Hanpe,4 c]rcc,ra6ara p6xa, r.{3no,'I3yuafiKil 3a olropa or,{€;'rFl}r KaM'trrHrr, cKarHH pb-6oee lz Bo4opacJ]n. CcravsitNvt e noNoii rJraBrrrfl er{eprrieFr KoFrcyMa-Top - KpaKara, ce sa6ensgga yBe,'rr.{r{eH[e Ha arrFreflra or 18 Ao 26ceKyHArz clopeA c,'ryqafl.

Baxcra po"'Is B saSaasHero urpae ncuxnrrecKoro paBnoBecue r{'

car,toKoHTpo,'r. Ao roJrff[,{o orpaHrirlaBaHe I{a a[HeflTa i]ollxr Harpan-q14BIITe MI{CJII'I, eMOIIIiOHAT'IHI'ITe B:br'II-IeHI,lfl, pa3CT,}K/Xel{tIt{ II CTpaXO-.BL{Te yceuaHufi, rropa}KAar{u or 4:ur6ouriHara. luypNa.{br N{o}Ke r4

rpn6ea Aa ce HaMrrpa B oBJraAsHo cbcroflHr{e nocpeA{.rrnoM ycBoenaircl{xlrqecKa npeHar/xaca . Paz1wpa ce, npenop'bKaTa 3acr{ra tstrcoKr,nTecrenenl,I Ha AyueBirr{Te rrpextrlBrBaHLis, 3an{oro 6eg ntrcr,"ry lt qvECTBo.

ero6qe npecrofr noA BoAa e He caMo 6e:npe4rrerL.rr, no ri oflacer{"He ca pe4Nr'I c,ryqar.ire, Koraro npir saSe,ursBarre rra pfiAlio BrlxiAauo

gBrTeHHe n,II[ oSeKT nroSonrrrcreoro Ha rx,rypKaqa nopax{;qa e4tsa ,'II{ He

,,rl'opa" arHefi. flo.4o6na cepr"xn,to6unusaq.lffi rra oprar{r{3h,ra r\{o}Ke.

Aa riMa re)KKu noc,'IeAI4IlL{, aKo He ce petyr'rlpa o'r Aodpo no3FragaHe H&CO6CTtsEHHTC ET,3MOX{HOCTH,

Cepr,xmo6xd'rllgarlnfi lra opraHrl3Ma Nroxie Aa ce no,'ryqH w ga Ii3BTrp-urBalre ua ar'r6r.ru,uo3Ho .r:b,t6oqlini{o cflycKane. flo ilpriHr{r{tr cpeAiro,pagB[il u 4odpe rpel{r4paI{ r$rypKarr Moxe Aa cr{rira tpaHr,rqa'ra or 15 nn

ll

40

@ur. I

3a npaxrl4tlecKl'I 6e3ollacHa' AeaAecer,]l€rD? A6r6oql4Ha ca Eeqe

Bt,B Blr3MO)KHocTHTe "-u '"opA" otll{THII cnnoi"ttlo' Bcexu MeTbp Ha-

rarbK Kpue otpoMHn ;;t;?"""tl"T;-li*^";"";ar c roBa' qe

'B'Iierrtr'raca pa3flilqnll rlpl4 un'i"" Ha nJMrKo (ao 7-8 u) r'r npr'r anuen Ha AIJI-

u"*io^u"o Ha rIJII'{rKo Bt'rrepoAHxl:1"-yon"" ce yBerl'IqaBa nporpe-

.cr.rBHo u cruMyrll4pu"a'"u"""in*i: -ltiToBe' rpeAl. KI'IcJIopo'['br'44

.aocrutHe HUCKI4 'punilu'' ro Haal"t6oxo nopartl npollgHara fr oKoJI-

floro HaJIt{tu"" nou*"i'"'o "u arBeorHI'Itl iut t putn"uuo' Tyr na-

JlflraHero nu unuto'i*"" Kllc',,opoA- ce yBeflI'IqaBa I{ ilo ro3l'I HatII4n

ce vJ'recHnBa np"*"t'iTu"";;;t;;ben'rie lpoooBe B KpTrBrl' TaNa ce

o6ncHssa npno"no"J?nnouyuttu"", xoero'ce 4o6una }la no-ro'[t{N/Ia

A'r,n6oqnna'A'eeonuuflT B.t'l,tepoAel.I' AByoKI{c }IMa Apylo iloB:{e:ll roii yee.

il*LtaBa,'reKo Ha"rrr;;Jt;;; ipiis u lr''n6oq'na; crleA ra3I'I rpaHI{IIa

ce li3paBHruu, u tn"i'^"ouu "uaaun":1,-"'A Had'l'laHero Ha B'brreABy-

oKr.icaBKp.EBra,4g;; salasv u Aopil,,o6r,pHe" o6meua Nrei{'{y Apo-

6oeere lr Nplrra'l I";;;; HaqI'IH aneebnHusr nr'rnelnyoxl4c ce TloKaqBa

;;;;; u 6,uno iIrII4 ocraBa rocro'He''Pasn[quero " "ut""i""'

Ao^u'o Ha n"ll4rKo BT'lJIepoAHIIflT ABy-

oKI4c lirpae poJlflra n3-'ipuun'""n l1^{"taHero' naAl;n6oNo rofi ce

,o6prua B Aeilpecop ' Giiiyn sa auul:-e--He ce ro'B'Ba ir rMypKaqbr e c

norpeuHa unqop*"t""' u" *""'"opoAHl{fr l'{y 3allac e AOCraTbqeH'

Axo anueg,ru ""o"nu npeluiecrrysa-Ha or ilpeKaJleuo paSAEI'{}KBa-

He u B .4t'n6outlna * t ipo"''d'Io c l]l:bK rpo[eHr Ha Bbr'rleAts\roKtr4c'

crl4\iy"lbruu A"toiot e u"ou""n"o tto-sa6aBeH lI Moxe 'u'a ce ilo''ryqn

'"fir,e no-Kpurrrr{e* ,r^.ao.lru, rra Kuc,qop,o1. B raNaea culyl,uun Ao H3 -

KaqBaHe nu nouup*n6tl''u Moxe Aa lle'ce crllrHe srorotlle - c'b3na'

HI'IeTO Ce SaNIblJlflUU -"

tt'Op''nC'fb'l OC'IaBa Ha AT'HOTO 3a'[yneH'

l4nra ,,m anoyn.nle6a c'<aso"'u''" t'-i'n-vp*'*ero' np--eY:)]Kil'nero Iqe

Aofi:"e tt IIa nn,r " 'i5#fi^"'n"':it, n1-. *'nnyuu"* B'Hr'rloro Ha"Inra*Ie

cnaAa. HaMa"l:rea tuo6',.o HaJInraHe "

^l'u6"nnuiflr .KlrcJlopoA'

rofiro

'e fla llplliJbptou""' KHCJtopt) 11'l' or K,l)bBra Ha ceoit peA e' ll3qepnaH

nopaLrr n,*,oo"''n""" lt;;;;-;;t^Lre-^ l(o'lrrqccrtsoro Ha B'brr'lepoAHl4fl

AByoullc pfi3Ko tt nou"tu"a' lpaaHeilNu clIJIHo 'n'llxareJlHl'Ifi ueurbp'

fioprlntr3aBJI,}ililBaHeeI{enpeoAoJllI\'{ulMypKarIT,T'..',B.4I4UIBa..uo.nu - T. e' 3a[oqBa y'['aBtilleTo'

olscltqKot"uu""C"o'u"npt'iAtn6oulIIIHol\{y-p-KaHeBallHeflpHcKbT .lU ""

tn}'* HeIIIaCTIle " 'O,rIOO"U ilO-io/'tflM'KO"IKOTO IIO-AT'JIIO

t 'nd;#",ilt"t::i1?1-" Tlpun,gq lxreisilBnBa s Ie68 IoAuHa rl3*ecr-

HI4nr Haur r*vp""i"fiii!* K;;;'ii' 'fi;;;;;;; nc norBoAeII pu6onon

72

w Lltanns rofi nona4a B yrexrreHa o6crasonNa, xapaxrepn3nparqa ceCT,C C,lelHOTO:

a) ue4ocrarbr{Ha rtpeAce3oHHa noAtoroBKa;6) urnHa eN4o(HoHaJrHa ers6y4a, .4bJrxail{a ce

CTpeJ-Ifl FIa rO"'lxUa pU6a;Ha 6cp6ara c npo-

n) rpu rocJreAoBareJrHr.r rMypKalutr HaoKoJro 20 nrc xparxu @asiaHA U3']AKBAHC;

r) HentnnoueuHo, npu6tpsaHo pasAurxBaHe npeArr qerBbproro,4r,;i6oqnsuo rMypKaHe, Koero e 6uno u naii-npo4:s,lxr.rre,rrHo.

tr4nresno ro e MotJro 4a 6:o4e nocJreAno B xr.rBora try. Ha H3,iru3ane3aeAHo c 10-NHnorpaMoBara nd'r;qKa l(ruee noJryqaBa pflsr,K Ki,rc,,ro-poAeH HeAocrlrr na 3-4 M or noBT,pxHocrra, sa xofiro Hafi-roqHo ro-BopffT co6c'rselirne My AyMr4: ,,Bo4ara u He6ero naA MeH cMeHrrxacI4HI4f IrBflT c HaclareHo po3oB. .I{,r,Horo Ha ,'roAKara, Koero BH)KAaxaodpe Ao ro3r4 MoMeHT, pa3Ma3a KoHrypa clr r.r 3arroqFra purMur{Ho{a _ce cB}rBa u .yroJreMrBa. B nonyc:bsHaHr4e ce ocno6o4ux or y,'roBan 1anzcrsvf Ko,'IaH. Harartr cu cnoMHrM cMTrTHo KaK ,'ioAKaprr MeHBIvIt,KBaIre or,'to4Kara."

Or orrp-oeeHur pa3Ka3 Ha cnoprr.rcra ce pas6upa, qe rofi ue r:np-wt (a "n se 6u nror:ur Aa Hal,rephl) onpae,4aHue 3a ,'rrzqHua cu ,,npuuoto"B npoHSrxecTBrlero.

B rosn peA Ha Mrrcr'ru cMffTaMe, ve e xparluo orracHo tMypKar{:br raeKcnr'roarupa Ao KpaeH npeAeJr cBofl opraHug:nlr. 3a [peAnoqr.rraHe caABe cpelHorpaerrlH ,rr\,rypKaHus npeA eAHo npoA.brrr)Klrre,rHo. B 4t,.n6o_uuua tlepno Mope He npeAJrara oco6euo npr,rB!'reKarenHra nefigalKr.I c,'reA12-13 r,r. Bcuqxo roBa HH Kapa ila BT,3rlpuenraMe otpaHarreHuflra BCCCP 3a cnoprHo rMypKaHe go 15 r,i 3a r.r6)Kere u,qo lb M 3a xeHure.KonNoro Ao npoA6,'r)KureJrHocrra Ha anHeqra, 40-45 ceKyHArr caAocroeH ,iranasoH ga nrc6ure,rs rMypKarr B nr,pBr4Te roAr.iHH Ha o6yue-Hr4eTO .11y.

M raxa AorlJro e BpeMe 3a BpbuaHe KtM rroBtbpxHocrra. Xy6ano eTo Aa ganoqBa, npeAu Aa ce lroflBri rro3r{Bbr 3a llrilraHe. Torasa nibrqrrqe 6tAe d'reK Iz yMopara rqe nABa no-6aeHo. Ho 4opu H Ia ce ns6epenoAXoAflUI MOMeHr, pa3xoA:bT Ha eHeptus MolKe Aa oc.r.aHe B cbtrlr4ffrecreJrr{ts cru,r. .4,euxennflTa }ra nepKr.ire rpl6na lt\a ca n.rraBHH,sarpedsauero c pr,rrere

- e$uxacno. -OnHrafiie

u gpyra xrzrpocr -uoxe 6u rfl ille Br.r ,{orraAHe: [p14K,]reKrrere Ha AT,Ho.r.o u rranpaBere cr{"[-H0 oTT,'IaCKBaHe c KpaKa.

Bprqafixn ce o6paruo, HflKorr rNrypKarru ilpe)KAeBpeMeHHo noq-Bar Aa ce oceo6ox4aBar or B:bsAyxa n 4po6one'le cu. Tara,re caMr{ycJlolxnflBar o6craHosxara B MoMeH'r, Koraro BoAa.r.a B IxHopxe,{atpn6na Aa ce H3Ayxa qpe3 cr4JrHa B:bsAytlna crpyfl. Herunnoro lt0r,'16-ulaHe Ha Bo.qa or N{yHAUIyKa 3a ceKyHAa Mo)Ke Aa ce o6tpHe s rrr6errno

l3

B ga4eriara $urypa [rHopxer'rr,T ,,a" e c u]rpoKo nn6urercxo nplr-JO)I(eHHe H AT,d'rrO BpeMe Ce npOU3BeX{AaUe y HaC. lIIUOpXerr,T ,,r" Cearl{c"rr14 xrnr saii-6e3rxyMHltTe, rroHe]Ke gaocrpeHuflT AoJIeH xpafi c,ry-)KId 3a OTJJaIaHe Ha CeKpeTI'I 14 OTqe)KAaIqH Ce OT CTeHI,ITe BOAHII KanKI{no BpeMe Ha pa3Ar.{ruBanero. Illnopxe.nrr ,,A" Bacera ce nplzeMa Kalouaft-4o6pe perxeH B KoHcrpyKruBHo orHolreHrie.

Illnopxe,rtr e rocpeAHr.iK \{ex(Ay arnnocSepara r{ AHxareJII'Iara cw-creMa Ira qoBeKa. !,rauerlprr lry rpx6ea Aa e Aocrar:brlHo roJIsM,3a Aa y,'recHflBa Ar{uaHero, Ho I,I AocrarbrlHo MaJI6K, 3a Aa ilo3BorqBapsgr{oro r.r3AyxtsaHe Ha BoAHufi cr:s,'r6, Hax,xy,r B Hero rrpr{ rMypKaHero"trIJ,o ce ornacs Ao Abr'rlxr.rHa'r'a, npeKa,'ieHo cKtcenrlflT ixHopxeJr lrecro,,nor,'IT'IIqa" BoAa npu nJryBaHe rro IroBbpxHocrTa H ToBa ro npaBI,IHenpaKTlIqeH. C Ar,rrns rxHopxer'I efie ne6srnare ra3r] Herrpr4flTnocr,HO 3a CMerKa Ha TOBa ,4HmaHerO e 3aTpVAHeHO BCJTeACTBT{e yBeJIHqaBa-He MibpTBoTo npocTpaHcTBo Ha AI,rxaTeJrHrrTe ['bTr4ula.- B csosra npaK'rriKa H3[o,'r3yBaMe rp'sda, ixrdpoKa 16 nrur w L:ow&

34 ntnr s HeliHara lpaBa r{acr.llonacroruleM onr.rrurrre rMypKaq14 npeArroqllrar ruHopxeJII,I or

nod'IyMeKa llTacrMaca, ilsxox{AaiiNu or per1r4qa Ba)KHr.I cto6paxeHi.lx.flpe4u BcutIKo sa pasruKa or MeraJrFrfir clr cr6par ro3r,i rxnopxeJl He

,,38T,[trtr{" np14 AoKocBaHe cr,c cKaJr}ia nraca. llo-cepr.ro3eH apryMeHTo6a.{e ca direKure HapaHflBaHufl B ycrHara KyxnHa, Ko}.rro rBT,p,qI.IrITIUHOpXeJT [peAH3BUI{Ba C,'reA HeBOJTHO 3aAr4paHe B JIO!,KH, CKaJIT{ ii OCO-

6eno s noAMo,'rH H nerqepFJlr o6pasynanun. f,pyrn HeroBi,r npeAr.rMcrBaca, lle rofi ce Hara)KAa Ha BcrKaKbB Br.ir Jrrqa; qe 3aKpeilBaulcroycrpoficrno KbM Macr{ara ce pery,'rrrpa 6es oco6eHa rrpequ3nocr; rle noc-JIeAHOTO HOBOBbBeAeHlte Ha rlpOI43BOAI{Te,'IHTe, Aa apOMaTLI3VpaT Kayqy-Xa Il il,rIaCTMaCaTa, OTCTpaHtlBa HeIIpLiflTHI4fl At'X Ha CTapee[a MaTe-pHn (rarura ca pa3[rpocrpaHeHr]re y Hac ixHopxe,'Iu ,,6loua", vr3il't'u-BailIu,tIeK N{I{p}rc Ha BaHu,'rr.rfl - B)K. Swr.2 6 u r).

Or uesecrHo BpeNre HacaM urHopxe,'rr.rre $a6prauno ce o6nenear sropHr,rE Npaii c ffpKoqepBeHavrv opaHxeBa cr.rrHaJrHa xBurla. Hsxon6rpaar Aa fl rpeMaxHar, 6eg A,a Abp>Nar cMerKa, qe'rq e uafr-go6pwxr3IiaK 3a rMypKaulus Ao rflx Apyrap, a c:bilIo 14 3a 'rexHr.rn ,rroAKap,c[opreH cT]Aufl x,'rl.r TpeHbop.

E4uIt luHopxe/'ru ca KoHcrpyKrr4Bno irpeAorrpe/IeJrer{u Karo,,,'reBH"H,IIn ,,Aecuu", Ho roBevero ca yHuBepca,'IHH. llpanunuo e uHopxer'r:brAa ce nocraBli orK'bu cna6ara p:bKa, Koraro rMypKaq:br e rIoABoAeHpu50.iroaeq. 3a npeo6,raAaBarrlara qacr or xaplryflr.rc't'ure roBa 6u oe-Har{aBa,ro 3aKperrtsaHe KbN{ ,rlflBara qacr Ha JIHt1eTo. Cto6paxeuar:AsCHaTa pT,Ka e SaeTa C XapnyH I4 He MOXe Aa I,l3B'l,prUBa KOp€KIII{I,i BHaKJ-roHa h{y, Aa ro ocso6oxAaBa npu 3aKaqBaHe u 4p. Hrxorl cnop-rucrr4 r4Mar HaBr{Ka na r.i3Ba)KAar MyHAUlyKa or ycraTa BeAHara cJreA

l5

s aAa ts n H e, u* " t* l.ny X a.;; 3ffi ,# " ";*11#nH JIXili,'""*:

n *o " "

;;; r,,15'pnaqa u Lott _nosr'll:;',,:';;;;no,o*" Aa ce KaN{e Aa,qr'{ e

"Jrlgffi, *'J";:r;;'i{;.l';"tJfl ;" ;; npr4eMe\4 3a ocHoBeH:

;';;;;;-- r" ztt'YPrainie ca'\t!

Qiir. 2

flntt cucrevarMiallllfl l a IIa Ma leplia'r'la' onficaHfiero Ha eK!{n[poB'-

r< a ra- n p 14 e x : " A:,

":':""-i i: #l*ru ;; :i ; l^yr l; : :i ii H: 11

I 3# "ffi;ry ii "* I :l f" ffi :'J T,l'i i#i; r,r y p x au a . A,, x a rerl H ar a"'"'tllnopinnu''

"-!?|;uoure ,a ApeBHrl'e prt'n"itio H rbpur'I'^a-B Hc'to-

,poOu e 6uta n3BecrHa-oure .Tilli;:;'; "nlio ."op"x{eHne Ha cIIaB'H -

i};i:'.:;;;;**ru' fiilrff:rn::xi ** -*;3;,: ::rq''::-.uHOpxeroBa BOnHa

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^ "o n n *,. c tr se { n

j,t{eH ilero c Bor"lre c'tlllep H }l-un'-:' : : ;'l;; ;

^ -o,,ox a,,Ty6a$leNc-' 1q

14 K.r a n a H u . Ao p,, u r"#Jr.i- " " " -l p 1."''.i:il# ;lrrntm; lflJ;

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;non Nofrro rpboara e cBt'p3aHa c MY-rlAL'-\.)B t;;";";" Ha npoBoAa He-

i{tnn I r i l"'m :'r ="1^ J,-i:T fi"ii ;^i '**u u a p u

= n

"1,*}r I rv M o -

ub npt,' Pa3AllllBaHero'

14

I

flpo$ecuolla,'rg,re [epKr.r ycJroBHo Mox{eM Aa pa3AeJrr{M Ha rpr.rnoArpynlr. Macoeo npeAfloqr.{raHara noArpyfla nepKr.r c yMepeHo roJrrMorr rBtpAo nepo u noAqepraHr.{ orpaHr.rtrlrrenuu pe6pa (Sur. Ba).HsNoll pa3rroBr.rAHocrr.r npeAd'ratar AontJrHr.rreJrHrl'pe6pa,' [peMHHa-Baurn npe3 rreporo. llpll 4pyru cpeqaMe KaHaJrH c naexa, nz6pupaula

(Dur. 3.

2 Mt.lvalueuar cnopt

rYUA. rIPA TPCTI,I BI4)KAAMC IIOCTOSHHII HJITT 3ATBAPqIqH CC KJIANAHH.B rasu Karefop-rrfl ca n€pKHTe,,)(erslrH", Kt,M KOr.rrO aBropbT HqXora 6enpr{crpacreu (QNr. 36).

Krru nropara rroArpy''a ce orHacflT nepKr4re c A:b,rr)KaHa Ha neporonal 70 cn,t. Cxlossocr KibM cynepilepx,Hie uspasrear Ao6pe noAror_BeHH rMypKarrr4.

rlo orsoure'r.re Ha 6rpauuara re ca oco6eHo e$exrunHz. B rosnAtrn cl]a[ar uranr.r.alHcxllre,,KoHKopA,,, Speucxrzre,,Cynepxersuui;u Ap.

Tperara roArpyna o6xea[da nepKr.rre c rBbp'o ct4Hrer,qHo [e-po, HqKoH or Kol,ro vMar c[eufiaJrHo ''peAHagr,raqeH,e.

l4ua cenpeA BUA r.r3nodl3yBaHeTO r.rM B crropTHr.rTe AHcl{t{rlJraHr.r [,,ryBaHe cnepKr'r Ir noABoAHO n,'ryBaHe. B CreercKr.rfl c6ro,3 3a IIpbB n:sr 6e npoHS-BeAeHO flepo, apMr4paHO Cr'c cr:bKdrrorrJracr. Ha crrqzs npr.rHrI]4rr cecb3AaAoxa n rrr,pBr4Te MoHorrepK[, npr.r KoH.r.o 4nere nepa ca o6eAra-r{eHrz H ce z3noJr3yBar trpH ABHxeHr4fl Ha KpaKara e crur ,,ler$r.rH,,.flPeau npervr!-y Hac aoftae MoAara Ha urailr4alcKlrre nepKn ,,I(apaBer..($ur. 3 e). Vnaxa,'rHoro HM ycrpoftcrno _ pasr.no6neMocr, rBbpEo

l7

. &-- -'-'ili

-^noanf r|rneJlHo 3a xoAeHe IIo

Ii{:*m,.';"".,;ffi [*:;ffi ':|ffi i;ffi"f 5l?""#;;';'6&p.n"'""'u-5t** o"n'ioxa 14 3aqecrl'Jlur'

i" 1*y&i"" r or,r 14 ne'Kure,,Kapanen*_" +?.*"#"r;ffi:flJ;I "'.f;ff""ffi;;lli#+*ruffibfr1"fl{d#1*Ti+JiI oeHr'PI ;prnrtl" cvnepnepKH' "' llil';Ilo"nuto "_T.n:,r""oo*a B yrrorpeoa

I Llif:::L'"i'"H.TifrHx:|i:.*f*i;h;-,"" npeKadre*o rBbprn

I ; r.r3pajr.rxa AoBo"'rcrBo' ^ur';;p";"ouraral!,1.^rHorrre*lre _ ras6oprrI ; .. Li,"ruu*u K-bM crapr4r"

! ;;;;;;qecrBe'o o-rrvarrHlrre oco6eHocrvrI " "Lnuuurte ca npuMepn" lr;;;;;rlu ""qru1rr.ro no* KyryBaHeroI nu n"pn' rpq6ea Aa "" "t#:";;ilr"1u*u, n'

MeKora, 3ApaBr4Ha,I ;" i.'vn*t,q,:J-"f:$#[:#:t;i:t".?.,;;;;;" x"A"," ,,a

I ;3,.#I'*";;;punno"i'.tz o n,rFr2rlr 3a ilpeAror{ilraH*:--....^ nq2tre-

w::-:: lil,^i"

of ""u"'r # :i""tilil*#1ilfii;ildfi';Hihfi.'^T6, I

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3 p a 3 r.r x a oo eo"r crB!'ra# 1'; ; o *

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rre Hlr e _ r.r 3ce BlpHaxu *""^lllx,l;; ;;o;" cbrqecrB

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Iilv:;^li^flTa Ha crbnaJIO

;i*ao,'*o' ileporo ua "o6veaeMl''9' ":"fJS tXt;-"T;";

1?..3^:" jt*;'ru#^t *ffi ;*r""1 ffi it:ffi : il; I

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MeHHo I{ rB'bpAH' "r#;';;; *o.ur 4u,",riru, u,.re Br.{ npenopr,qBaM€

no.ILBl'{Bar '['o Cr6flzrwt"u'npuo *u 5l_11u.oBaulr{ ABe Kp.bJruuaH[.I ry-" nooAen ru t" "n?in-.;;_6;, ng"1:rl.o^,cbnrcaropu, ilorof,p'Ba rpr{-HoBoBbBere""9. a]l^si.'v'noip"'out1

ll 6nu*. rBbpAe noreir{o ts He-

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B xonxoro r{ MeKo o6rprxeune Aa e noJlox(eu Barur{flT KpaK,$.rMa eAHrI HarlaJreu rrepnoA na ,,cpa6ornaHe" ue>x4y xuBara I{ MbprBaraMarepl{fl, Kofaro ca ueug6exuII Ma,'IKI,ITe HapaHflBaHIIfl. LtJil4 IlofBara)Ha Mexypqera rro Ko)Kara. Ha Mr4KporpaBMlI ca ri3JloxeHr{ oro,'IeHHTe

@rar. 4. Croruoureune Me)KAy HopMa"lHa nepKa Il cynepnepxa

@r-ir. 5.

rIacrI,I or xoArIJloro n B no-KtcHlrfl [epIIoA. Ero saulo ce npenopbrlBaynorpe6ara sa 6orunxH rr B TorlJlrtrg JIeTHH 4Hrz. llpu JrwTrca Ha rar<rrBa

,{oCTaTbqHO e Aa CJIOxI'Ire M0KI{ Bb,'IHCFII{ qopa[u.

M

.Aa ce [e6erHe 3aAyrxaBaHero rlpes yAtbJlxeHa aIIHen Karo qe r'II4 e{ro-JlecHo, orK0,'IKoro.q,a ce npeoAor',Iee Ha,'Ifirasero. flone Ao TaKaBa KoH-

'craraurifl BoAnr na6,rn4ennflTa Bbpxy HaqeBatqll lMypKar{t,t. Mnoroor rflx ry6nr Kypa)K troA HarrlcKa Ha BoAHLtre [JlacroBe. A c.ne4 ntp'nl.rre 6o,tNtr B yIxIITe re II3,'ILI3ar na 6pera, o6nanag'w or )Ke/'IaHI'Iero

,"uo Kpafl Ha )KxzBora cr.I Aa cT,3epllaBaT MOpeTO CaN{O OT IOBbpXHCCTTa "

tr4eNruuaeafiKr.r ctrqr.rfl rrr,T Ha pa3orlapoBaHlle B rleAaJleqHolo MaHaJIo,,cera 6txue xreJlar'Iri Aa lIM rIoAaAerI pbKa c 4odpe rlo3Haroto Bb3K,'In-qaHr{e ot yue6unqlrre: Ha/Iflrauero nu? -

qe roBa e roilKoBa npocro!Vnenuero 4a ce na6epe Atn6oquua e BIIIpoc Ha AoBepI{e KbM caMl'lr

,ce5e cn, a MHo3I4Ha olleHnBar cBotITe Bb3MoMHocrI,I 3HaqlrreJlHo no'r{lrcKo. Aa ce no6eAll HeflcHara rpeBona, Konro nopa]Kr,a 4u6cuuuara,€ Herqo noAo6so Ha roBa, AacenpeBb3Mctne gaMaileauero, Koelo no'

t9

-n\/qaBaMe' xoraro cMe Ha noKpHBa Ha MHoroeraxHa clpaAa' A roea I

;'"3ffiX?J;;il;il',T;rerHr4 Av*" '1,:*:a 4a o6tpueM BIIuMaHvre' .'e

I

:.r,tru "q lxif#fuk# run "''l$:l

l; l"J "" #:ffi H : "Jffi " I

il*, ?'p""yrrar Ha HaJIrI'aHero .rexKa or B'b3Ayxa' 14 Aoxaro I

BoAara. KaKro e r3BecrHo', e MHofo t";;;;;;'t"nJdntt Bt,pxy qo- I

H:# : i JH-"' y"d :1" :i? i #X'?#H#i;;;;; H a r r r a H er o c e vaee l

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ea. To Beqe e' n''t'if "n"' it'n"o t*" nl"uunsatu La KasBaMe - Ha- I

Jrerage or ABe ut*'ot$"p"' Baero * 1gVt" "uMepeHIIs' aKo qoBeK e

ffi ;; ;; ;" ; *rqg:T,'Tlffi i t#;, u**xl ffiffi :: "iil'i;'*" .tprn" c re)Kecr ^Hi,::iYl,;r"""1 ". "poAtrrxaBaMe

Aa cpeur'a-

iT T tlsxilt "#oT3; "fr?il:"iflH' ;;;i;;;"' Ko'rro crII{3 ar Ha

Tr-"?X lX "Xf# "T:

:t": ill i : :.".**.* o . B u co x or o ct'Ab p x a H u e Ha'

uuaiu-uou"r,.rr;.iff#i;"1*r"*1":{*$:t^'-:,:}"i"+3"*c'buloTo BpeMe nJL

cs3AaBa ntnp"t"J'\nn='nloon"tut ^ i:ilili unutitunotr npI.relKaBa

I{ fp''A'Iitlr n"t' 5u";tJc Hero t" t*"u " B't'3'u'yx'br B AuxareJl'ara

.uireua, tn,'o tun'o'iil*o orBbrpe-^Jil;"^";a Ao I'I3paBHflBaHe c

BonHoro. g no.n"A"^'tii""nu ""t9i:TlJ ot"uuu" caMo HflKorIKo MarI-

xH xyxuHll u uo""i,*-''*o' ootl'a*i t-nottnn tt:l^t:' Toea ca

cpeAHoro yro , .riy.,n,e' g p*t{ll:,:;; noBnrueHoro HantrraHe or-

B'bH ce no'vu'o"' ''il;';',"''

"; l'i-lli:l:. iffH1;""rr rrucr craHilorl

;ft"f il *Llffit;i'x:'# xili[' fi 1.i?''iu""'i "' r43MeHe'un' noHexe

roil ue ota" noa"oilt*in;' Allele t' c"pu"" na er'Ho I'1 c1'ilro-HaJlqlaHe-

Axo o6aqe "t"r"it'nncr c'nyxll o'

'n"o*nynuK Ha eAHa npa3Ha aM-

%f i;:i*;x' 3 " :il::,'" :#'xi#^,"'H"l# ce Mecr a' auQop ar a

ille' rirpae pon""u' n'- tp"7"tn'*n'^1"'1;;; craHuoJl _- -Ha

rt'ra'qe'

TuaHqero " u^i".ir',ip.lpoliu *"*ay- cnyxoBr4f npoxo'l H MarKa-

ra KyxuHa' n'p"**"[ptn"" v1:':^dt ;;;; c'paHa noc"rcAlroro e

"ro p i u n o

" u'T {:*[T;J'l"y lil; t

r, l, *,,* lt+ t:a li:itT 1t""6ro nunurr c AnaMeTbl,,:;i i'[,,

")ru.-i"."uxrreBara rpr6a Han'LrIHcv

:f;i"":','""iH#t";3ilH"'iiidiill;ik;l;lruT.$ir,b-.;;;;;;;; 6ea,,uol,Kpe": --,".:.":':::^^ Xn.orsaFiero Ha rr,nagqeroOcranafiNu 6ea ,,uolKpena (JrtJr)rPL'

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ilJJe#x";#:l'^ ;l";""iitl .;""J4? Nlt'io' ;;;'L n oCT' n'nHo c e

20

"ycr4rBar, pa3npocrupar ce rlo qfl,'rara r/'raBa r{ c,'reA oqe 5-6 M cra_tsaT HerloHocuuu, Kax Aa ce I43Jre3e or roBa uo.noxeHne?

IIle nor,rorue c[eqlraJren noxBar, yJrecHnBaq [peMHHaBaHero Ha'cr:bcreHr{r Bb3Ayx or Ar.rxareJlHara rpx6a KT,M cpeAHoro yxo. Hapava'ce 'uspaSHnBaHe unu Ko.MneHctpttue. o6ux';.oBeHo roBa ce nocrr,rra

n\

'Our. 6.-l - EBcTaxtreBa rpr6a; 2 - ymuu Kocrurllr; J - TanaHqe; 4 - MacrouAHn rlernn; J _ronyoKpbxHtr KaHaJr; 6 - oxJnB (xoxlea); Z - rlpouraneH ctrr{yc; g _ ualrcruapeu cunyc0 - HocHH nvxr: l0 - cBrHoHAaJJer c)rrryc; Il -- oroop su d"craxreunrr ri"Ai: -iil,uexo rre6qe; /3 - saAHa drapuHreanHa creuA; l4 - eslrK; i5 - enu.lorric; /,r. lipauonpo-stog; 17 - rpaxer

c aK'r'HBHr.I .r{BU)XeHUg rla qerrocrra HJLH c npetJlbtuane. 3a HeMaJIKocnoprrrcrri c ro-Jrorrra rpoxoAuMocr Ha EscraxHeBr.r.rc .t'pt 6u rrperJlb-rqaHero ce flBflBa HeAoc'rarr,r*ro. B raxr's c,uyuaii ce rrltu6arna Ao rrpH-ilrcKaHe Ha Hoca H ,'teKo HaAyBaHe. Oreapxue.r.0 rrzr EscraxI,IeBHTerpt6w B pe3yJITar Ha roBa ycH,'Iue ce cI,ttHaJrr.r3lil)a qpe3 NraJIKo,,tly-KaHe" l't,'II,t ,,r:BHpene" B ylxr.rre. Henocpe4crBetro (: uoro c'.e qyBcrryBal4 BI'IAt'iMo o6,rerqegue - BepeH 3HaK 3a ocuryl)crro rourpaua.nffranell cpelHoro yxo I'I BT,3craHoBflBaHe HopMar'rIIO1'0 ilor'rolKerlHe Ha rT,,rIaH-qero. Axo MexAyBpeL,reHHo nbrfr KT,M A,brro'r.o rrl)oA.bJI)Kaea n 4tn6o-ql'lHara pacre, r{exanH3ivtr,T Ha rl3paBHflBarrel'o '.|ptt6ua.qa ce npl{Jlox(u,')U{C BCAHT)X, NBA MJILT NOBCqC N6TH.

l4

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HO KpI4flT pI Apyrl4 OIIaCHOCTII, eAHa or KOI4ro e crIyKBaHe Ha T6naHqe-TO OTBT,Tp€ HaBT,H.

E npaKTl4Kara cnyxBaHe Ha rbnanqe e rexKo yc.rlo)KHeHi'Ie

c yxoTo Ha rMypKarla. Mrioro [o-qecro Henpl4flTilocrI'Ire I'IABar Or He-

BHHHI,I HaTdTIeA CTpaAaHLIfl. llO npunqurl BCI,IqKI{ Bb3nad'IeHHfl Ha lop-HHTe ,{I4XaT0JIHI{ nlbTI'IIJJ.a Ca nOTeHI{Ua,'IeH I{3TO!IHI4K HayC,'IOXHeHI4fl'Axo npn c"Tr43aHe Li3paBHtBaHero ,,He B:bpBI4(' II B ytul4Te 6o,lxara ge

I{3qesBa, TO IMypKar{T,TCJIeABaAa Ce OTKaXe OTonLITI4re I{ caM (a Haii-

Ao6pe c iloMolJ{ra Ha /IeKap) Aa llorr,pcti [pI4I{HHLIre. Vnopcrnoro no4BOAaTa lqe AoBeAe Ao 6aporpaBMa Ha yxoro or Haii-pa3,'IHrIeH xapaKTep-flpu 6esmnxpo6no BT'3naJIeHve crpaAaHaero lrle oTIIIyMI't 3a eAHa ceA-Mliqa, Fio roBa e [o-6JIalonpI.iETHIIgr c.rlyuat?. A Huua ca MaJIKO 7 nUVt

B pmyJrTar Ha JIaqHa uenaap.rlanocr?Cpanueuu c yxoro, cIzHycHTe I4Mar gHaqLIreJIHo no-npocro ycrpoil-

creo. Te npeA,craRJlflBar ,,TanHUHpaHa" c JII4laBaqa KocrHI'I KyxI{HI4,KOHTO He nOA,'IeXaT Ha CBHBaHe. crlpSanu ca c HocHaTa KyxLIHa nocpeA-cTBot\4 OTBopI{, npe3 KOLITO BT"SAyx:bT UllpKy"'IHpa AByIIoCoqHo. llo rosllHatIHH Te HBIITTJIHfl BaT pod{sTa CIA Ha TepMOCTaTH U [peAna3BaT peAIIIIaBaxr{|4 opraHrr or npeoxJlaxAaHe. cflopeA pa3rIoJIoxeHLIero (QpoHrafl -HlI, MaKCUJ'IapHLI, CBeHOHAaJTHVT H Ap.) Te l43BbpruBar oneKa HaA c6or-EeTI{HTe OpraHIr

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r.{Jr14 nbJrHo SarBapflHe Ha orBopLIre. lMypKaqure qecro [peBbsMorBar6onrure B xeJlaHliero cH Aa npor{I4crflT orBopzre rlpes tsce no-yBeJIH'traBarqo ce HaJrflraHe. Io.noxurenHar e$exr e HecHtypeH, AopH Hanpo-TUB

- MOXe Aa Ce CTHTHe AO 6apOCI4HyLITH c KptBolrs,'Iue. fiaxe u

HeBEHHa xpeua rpr6na Aa 6r4e npeAynpeAllre,'Ien cIirHadII 3a oc'I'aBaHeua 6pera rr Bgr.{MaHe Ha flerle6Hr MepKH.

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Mncroro ." nu uJiul "u*nv"uur' t$;ip' 6?p"*"-l::: Ha rrlaBara no

onnca'Ilf nuo#6-'itiip";"r"3iy3!n'"t uuiooypxaou' Ho sa Aa uMa.

4eofiHo noot"yp-ouani' gaail-T-i-'l;;;;; " yctsorBa'ero- Ha nofle3Hl.fl

HaBI4K ou tt uu'n""'uu" t uoau y""'i'""ni"inu' ro"u-rpn6na r'a 6tAe

rl'bpBara "" p;A;;;Lu uoaa"l' .;;; ;;p;crll '11:- nopAurare 6o-

.IleTo"n"*oniJip-u"-nooop'*o".inuu,#."".,puufi.ClsceMHeJIeIle cr p axt'r "t

;;;;; ;;u"rv p u' n oi-oaiu It n p ''t

u tI ::'oio ort')Krecr Bn -

B a H e H a y ru' 14 re Bb3 il an eH 14 n : r:i:'33# :f m*;;;";B.'f ill''l?:;;;; ;, yulnldre Bt'3rIaJIeHI'Ifl c "tsJl*crnc '13 ""iln..irJlacfle c yiiorpe*

;;;;; ;t. "*. " : l. y:l;'#i f."i:T 3 111,"J ; "';u

^n-p-.4 nu= u ur or 6 o n x n'

'6aratu HaPorIHlI Yrl

22

lrrln cII o6eir'r rofi npecraBa Aa peatnpa Ha yBerflqaBau]'oTo ce Ha"'Iflraue'

cr,gAaAesusr Bbrpe;;-yy. 'np'"n"uu Kpt'B or ocraHar'lllre opra''n

il roraBa tNrypKaqt'r ?::'di;t;d;*ouun tpi*v neKH anBeo'rrH, Kp'L'Bo-

Lis;rvBt4' B r<pairHrl ;;y; nbtn"A"uu'u t pu'notu'He Ha ct'p^eqeH

MVcKv,rt. on"unu'1"'&;;;' ;" "::"i:; noA "t"to

BeHjry3eH vAap'

-l , lr^.r..r n'br rpg6ea Aa noAqeprael4' qe raKaBa 3at.t!'laxa cbulecrByBa

: :^,ft *xx #l

a::,lffJ" it'f^:il *, *'. ^::,, ":'#J.'^ I e v n or p e6 n e a

il npn nocneAl4ur{ t{';;-"d;t;;"^-9.?1":"-e c MacKara' l-loA B'b3-

geficrenero nu "un"tot"'o'u

n"o cluo ce o6pa3yBa orttoc[TeJlel{ EL3-

ayx. roft .9- np'u"'i;;;;' xaro B Y1''"Iffi;rl%'.1'":ffi?'"#Su':

lffi ml"l"U#r#[t^x"#";!"iiiry:'tio'"'p"o"'l:1':creAcrBlrnce I^gpa3flBat u *pJu-"u"t'" or Hoca' nonnootn Kpt'Bofl3JII{Bt't tl AP'

flnenu toAHHl'{ u rt-t-tt-oop crallaxMe' tuiitt*n' Ha rextK'-BeHAy3eH

yaap. Aootp'*ro'lli''l' frpo.;;;*""'^;"i;; ;' rpavrepH'rr $nor'

no)Kera Aa Bre3e ,,u"npou n.or c *utnu"X"lituynafiN'o B npor,BoBec

Ha ropeKa3a*o'o' ''in'Y';;*;;" " u'n

"uiluo,.u..i u 3axBr'pnl4 MacKara

c Bce c,.rra. cn"l nu-'o't"-tuoopt" " np#'-*opflK""r c tg{o]t'u cKopocr

ce ornpaBl"l no* *Jp"t'oHra' oqeBilAno 1'" nu't"6e cu' Hanoxtt ce Aa

ro AoroHBa" t *uiJot;';;i";' kp""9"'n"u"te ro JII{uero uy 6nxa

;:t*!lli'-i4ri jilrr*"#:#,*#ury;rud:il"*i#-":r{3rlI'ITBaJI 6o'nxa o'

usa6unonouunJo'i'i':"w;;;;l-"j:'":ffi Xrt'",#:1"J"';:;',";;Xt"tl

te;tl;"; ^'

;""';#:ffi I T ";',u,1? " ;:H'?' ; : T' ; ;;;;o;

" " " n p e I rI ex{A ar

U C,laf aT B PeA CBOU'te g'l'6u '

Ocnry p fl B aHe ll a 1lo p llla'TI ilo 3p eHue

Cnotrenaxme Berle' qe BoAa'ra e 500--nlrn no-l'bcra or sl3AYxa'

i;;;;*"*"{,-::;+i,,"-ruf :';t:*;',"X1'#TS";#*T;;;;;" 3aKor{r'r rr..ll^io"

c ra3H pa:rrrrrKa, uJioo"utu noBbpxHocr orpa-

CBCTJII4HA C CJI:bHqCT

11"3 ; 3;1,."; rs :tl ;: r";t j i ll l,;',, **px J :HH i?H ttl

;;;;-; Ha cBer^4titHre rl'btr' rr a y Kil'r a au #""?iriv-u' i, u ou BoAara "

ffi *' * tf*r ilH triil*tr{[ffifl*-:-* I Hfr*lBa per'IarrBHo z'o ;;;;t;';;is;'" t0 "*tiu"it? ^"r6oqnna'

Ha rogu

24

$axr ce 4rnxlr Haii-Be.{e rroHHx{eHoro HacrpoeHr.{e E rryBcrBoro 3a caMo-Ta, Koero r.r3rrlrrBar tn{ypKarrure y Hac c,'reA 12-13 MerpoBoro cn)/cKaue.]4ssecrHa po,'Ifl 3a rror,'IT,xraHe Ha cBer.rIHHHara eHeptr.rfl ce naAa Ha ctro-fi,reHaTl,Itr Beqe ru,,LqHKmOH - MHJrHapArrTe Mr.rKpOCKOrrUqH[ OptaH[3M[or pacrl4TereH rr )KI{BorIiHcKr,I fipor.i3xoA, KoL{To 6,ryx4aar ere $op-Mara Ha o6naqu u n,'racroBe. I(tu il,'raHKroHa rpx6ea 4a npn6aruuvl ua6ntogaBarloro c rpeBora cuJIHo gaN{T,pcsBaue or npoMulrreHrr rrt

6uroer4 ornaAr,r{ra. B or4e,lHz nepuoAu r{crr4HcKrl ceHqec'r.HaBec npeA-TCTABTqBA TI,ITIHIIHATA EA I{CPNO MOPC {\{firpAqI4'I HA MII,'I}IOHII MCAY3irxt,u 6pera.

r{pes uor,rtxlaHero Ha cBerJrrtrH!{Te JIbqIr MopcKara Bo.qa uMa c[o-,co6uocma la $lr,r'rpupa c,T:bHqeBfis cneKlrlp. flrpeH noHacqr nopax(e-IIHfi ToIIr'rHTe ceKToprr Haqe,'Io c qepBeHr.{fl qear. lloc"rteAHHfr craBar\{p'bcHo-po3oB orrle cneA n:bpBnrr Merbp, 3a Aa craHe rro-HararbK xaSaru HaKpaf - 3e,rleH. Ta3H ,,xaue,rleoHCKo fitpa" ce BoAH u c ocraHaJILITel'onJrz rrBeroBe ao 25-30-uerpotsa 4r,r6ouuna, orKbAero HacrT,ilBaHeIIOK,'IaTHMOTO TpLIeAIHHO UapC'rBO Ha ClIBI,lq, CUHLlfl fi 3e,IeHHq UBqT _

l.ne4auero c rpocro oKo rroA BoAara HapyuaBa B.b3[puqrrrero Ao'rar{aBa crerleH, qe qoBeK H3tJIe}KAa no,'Iyc,IIrIn. Toii e Hecnoco6eu 4apa3rur{r{ fcHo HaMupailIr.rre ce TaM npe4uertt.OqHr.rre sltnxw ce Haro-tsapBar c HerrpueM,rrr4Bo 3a rrrx ycH,rrfle H cKopo tNrypKaqr,r e npriHyAerl/xa npnsHae 6egcunuero lla AUpeKTHr.{r 3puTer'reH KoHTaKT.

Hacroauloro Muorod'rr4xo pa3Br{rr{e Ha nog,tso.qHrrrr cnopr 6s 6v.naJleNruc,rr,rMo 6es nr'sex4aHero Ha rroprartlsHlr npucnoco6,teHllg, npeA-i:TaB,'rfBaIq[ [crr4HcKri orBopeH trpo3opeq Nlu r.q:s6uur.i're. Ab,rruqrillbT Ha TIxHOTO yCbB:bpileHCTByBaHe 3anoqoa OT nTlpBtITe Oqu,ra 6eScraKJIa, llenrar?cropelrrl or rro,'rHHesrtrtcKu ril,{ypKaqr.r. Te ca npe4cran-ilflBailu Mexypqe B:b3nyx, 3aAbpx{aHo [peA orll{re oT Ma,'i],K pffiepBoap.

CtepeueHur.rre cbop:brxeHl{q 3a rJIeAaHe rroA BoAa rloc.raBrr or{HTe BcArlH BT,3Aytxeu o6eu,x oiiro ruypxa,{:br ,,Hocl{" ctc ce6e cu.Toslr o6eu cer:bxpaHflBa or nodeo1uatna tracKa w nodeaduunte oLr.urxa. 6,raro4aperuzerra rflx rMypKar{'b'r ua6,rrcgana MopcKrzrr cBflT Karo npe3 cr:bKJroro HaaKBapr4yM. CMafisane n orraflueHr.re - roBa ca caMo ABe or AyMr4re,ll3pa3gBaIq[ n'LpBLI'le IJneqaTJIeHLIg Ha qOBeKa, IIa/Ifltta,I Tegfi r{yAHLIirso6pereuur ua rexHHKara.

I4acxara e nogHara eKnnnpoBKa Ha Haurtrrr qH.r.ar.cJr,3a Aa ce 3ae-r,raMe c Heiisoro npi{HrlurrHo orrr4caHue. llo-saxrrLr 3a lrac ca B.brrpocr4reoT rrpr4,'Iox{Ho 3Har{eHue B:bB Bpb3Ka c ocHoBHHl.e fi3HCKBaHr.Is 3a eAHaKar{ecrBeHa MacKa - yAo6crno I4 3pI,ITeJ'ren o6xrelr..

V4o6crnoro lra eAHa N{acxa ce o[peAer'rrr rra n.r,puo Mflcro or MeKora-la Ha N{aFrmera, xoftro Bce no-qecro Harroc,.tellbK e ABoen (V-od-pa:eu). Mexilsr MaHrrler ce HataxAa Nr,n rlropuur.e ua r'rr.ruero, a He,,r6paruolo. Lopu u npu orHocr4reJrrro /(()rrycrrrM BaKyyM MacKara

25

He ocraBfl xapal{repHI4re cJIeAIr Bbpx]/-lloxara' MeKIIflr MaHner yil-

*brHt'a Ac6pe t ";;;; iuinu"u'ntjop*onuttu (orueNg'auero ua

BoAa B Hef * o" n#in'n""g o"ntn"o""no"- nurjvtanar Ao6poro'

; ;fi ; "; ;;",

" .

r 1 :y'lxll il# ; +:'f ff " I

j Jf J* ""ffi :::'lL::"lt:HoTo pa3noilc)K€HH

Hr.ro Aa 6o4" t'nno'"i''"^tl:i"ot""u"'-*y qacr npu rrnacxure c't'c

.n"iilun"o 'v**o t'iffii_1i::::.: o6xear e Bce raK- rratsHarar

r*ir t i:*riml* J"69^.; j ** 5'"**;i f"-:':ffiorxas or HfiKOI{ yA(

neJrs r{MeHHo "" tt*"-"T#ue na lBel!-"uutt"uu' 3a paauupnBaHe lxa

t;;;.;;;;;y{:ff *.d'^r'T;'rH""#,1}i;,'llf ;::fl"Hliili'qxlnL"" ,nt ro npu6luxu:- lo^p::l;":;';;;;"uu ut=avtsugr o6e-'*

i,:,:Uyy.F*. ffi l" ffii :"!:y .li;;;; ;;n oueusrEs B'r,sAvx Ha

ffi W*l;#".:ffi l;'^Fj-'f El?M o' rr'uu 6uxtue MorJIu Aa p a3rr'e*

au*I-*utn"re B HflK.JIXo rpyn14' - ca (,rue Hafi-paanpoclpalle'l{ }^"' r I n, n *,

ry,_ !:, #_:: l;""rT;il; li, ;"_; ; ; ",::y ::,,' n p e1o cr a_-

nac. l4uar rienPel

rbql{o M cro 'u n"tl'^ u00"""" t" "-:ry;

o' -'ip"nun"ttu:1

:6t*nocr ts.

,qt.n6ouuHa, no"'to-ti'ouou untu'-tn"t y tinyo"[a' qe-rfle']'a [pe3

'vHeJl . Toea, nun"lo '-'i&o'*o*n*:3

lo ti np'*ualle Hoc'Lr c tlpt'cl14''

"' rui rru n nr n ; #'+"q iryq* ff 'l'Jf#?fi * c il p u B u !r e r I I r r a

Ha tsrpaAe*"" *;;;5;' n;;t';.nu"un-"od Moxe Aa BAI4uBa I'I Aaj

I43AI'tIxBa " np"t^ilta' Hso'rrupafi*' vttu"u c]4 or coreH-ara MopcKa

soAa. 3a tt*un"niJ"i "o"u i" "'u"l,,i*

ut'uno I{ cerHe cpeulah{e'

KoJlexuyfio"n*ao."urnu",nor,,uy,r"i,'"tnourHe'"TlecHol{nocrofHHoI4sncrflBar{e Ha S;;;;* ;"nu'"t'it""^J6tt' ntun,'ttxu::-:" 3a II3paB-

HflBaI{e opt' notl;'"il' Ha npaxr-u*u "t-'i"u"uara Macxa He Mo}Ke

Aa ce l.r 3Br p * * ",. p

" ii,; *

- l^^.lt - I ;;T-:. X;;ir:t'' i r;:" ;";::t'i

iu ,unua n ponnur,.oro ii?ljl'tl,-^;lffi;'ilr;-,iya..n,. r Ha raKI{Ba

If aruopattuume Jt!.acKu, 6unn re c orAeJIHrz crpaHr.rrrHr4 npo3opr{eTaIIJIH c orT,Haro crr,KJIo, ce npeA,'IaraT' Bce no-6ogsrl,tso il otpaHr.rrleHo,t{a rra3apfl. flosefi,'Iz ce Karo peBo,rimquouHa HoBocr e 60-re roAaHH HaBeKa, Te CKOpO CH Cne{ed'IIZXa HepaSIIOJIO}KeHH€TO Ha, B3IICKaT€,{flI1T€:

Qur.7 @rzr. B

rMypxarrn. OceeH qe ca rexKu a o6eltiH, crpannqu[re [por']yKaBMecro no4o6peuue npeAI4gBr4KBar xaoc B 3pL{reJIHLIre Br,3npl4flrtls.

Hocoeama iuacKa c:b3AaBa nai:r-roneuu y4o6crna (ipur. B). Crr"x-Jloro e IvIaKcI{Ma,'rHo 6,'t}tso Ao paBI-ILrHara Ha oqIITe B pe3y,'ITar Ha ,,I43--nax4aHero" Ha I{oca I43B6H o6eua Ha MacKara B aBToHoMeH KoMIIeHCarop.PasnoraraHero My raM 3acrpaxoBa MacKara cpeiqy HBnorflBaHe, Koeroo6ltxuoeeHo ce iro,{yqaBa or LI3.4I,rrltBaHe npe3 Hoca ro Bpeh{e Ha n"Iy-traHe. OceeH Totsa rprrrr.rcKaHero Ha Ho3Apr.rre c npbcrli craea no Haft-

l)aquoHaJreH HaqrzH. Tosu euA r{acKn ca no npaBu,rro c ABoeH MaHIIrerv Aaaar orfir4rrr{o yn,'r6TnfltsaHe. V Hac ce BbneAoxa pa3,'rrlqHu MapKn.rrocoBI,I MacKIr: ,,fIkHoKIao", ,,Ha3o" (ex. Qur. B) , ,,Tauru", ,,MoH4Ha,r'I",,,Kopcap" l.t 4p.

IIpu {rpeucKara v naHopaMr{ara MacKa noHflKora ce cpeqa e.u,Ha

wo4n@uNaqns. 3axnror{aBa ce B lrocraBflHero Ha c'r'bl(,{oro noA I{a-r(r'IoH, Karo 6nngxara My crpar{a e Ao qefloro. Tq npe4ocrasx Heo6-XoALII,IOTO M.flCTO 3a HOCa 14 eAIIOtspeMeHHO yro/'leMflBa 3pI{TeJIHOT0rro,re" llpu Apyri{ cryqaH Br.rxAalre cr,o6pasureJruocrra FIa npou3Bo-/trrre,rr4Te rro orfrorrreHr.re Ha xopa c yBpeAeHo gper{ue. 3a rsx ce cb3-/(aBar MacKi.r rio [opr,rrKa c BrpaAeHrr Jrerqu B c'rrK/rroro cso6pasuor(oHKpeTirLIq HeAocTaTbK Ha BcflKo oKo.

Koraro roBopllM ga noABoAHr.rre oqu,{a, HMaMe npeA tsHA cerarrrHararfnpnra, a I{e HflKoralrrHI,ITe BapHaHTvr Ha oKCI{)KeI{Hr1Te oqrlJia.B cr,quocrcT)BpeMeHHHTe IOABOAHT4 OqH,'ra Han6JIHO IIpH,'rI,IqaT Ha HOCOBaTa MaC-l(a C Ta3I1I pa3JIHKa, qe 3a ABeTe OqI'{ Ce npeABI4}KAaT OTAeJII-iH CTtK.Ia"

iu runuA rtpo*1111:t&#i##'ffi ;iilr"'ir*rua,,uyleca" 11 Ha raKI{Ba

Ql..nruorunr f:ry: #, ; KoMur{so .nuuyuu* c ocT aHanrre rly noA*

At.n6oqnHlt. Kollro ohxa D nvr,rr rr'"

Bt4}tr fia cyuaTa'@peucrcamc' xnacKa e no'u'o6pet.Ia

^ pa3HoBllAHocr Ha TYHeJIH&Tai,

MacKa ($nr' 7)' c""?nJ'o "'"iuu"'"nuo npn6'trrlxeHo K'bM oqxle"

aHaMal{ruerauMa"o*n"n"u"op-tn"o"unHdroqprapauoo$opm;reurie.sa vJIaB'He nu notu]'"iiJutn tipunuo up' t"n"n o6xsar rfl 'II'aBa

HaII-

,no6pa'ra Bt'3Mo)KHCc' "uiinta*" nuao^u' Nl*r 6a'nacrH'{fl Ko"lau I[

npi{KaqeHure Ha HeI; ":p";;;A?neuun'6ei ci4flHo nperbBaHe Ha Bpara"

26

2T

EAuHcreeHoro Bt'3paxeHlle cpeuy Ttlx -Mo)Ke

Aa ce orrlpaBu caMo B

qacruqHl4 cJIyqaI4, *"t'"" a""ie citxna He ca I'3At'pxaHl'l B eAHa paB-

rHHa 14 noA BoAaTa npo"u"u" onrilqecKl'l neAocrarluu' I4uaqe noA-

BoAHI,Ire orII'IrIa "to#;';il;;;;;;t""*u u"tuttt pyHAoBe B c'bcre-

Cpeqy r{3norflBane Ha MacKr.rre ce npoAaBar rBT,pAr.{ r.r reqHu xx-{Po$o6Hz rrperaparn, Ho re He ca nonynapnn y uac. llpe4nu4nneo,6uxre Mot,ril Aa r43Ml,rere cr:bK,'roro or BttrpeurHara My qacr, Aa pa3ne-ceTe HaBcflK:bAe MaJIKo crTIoHKa II Aa noc,leABa eAHoKparHo u3IId'IaKBa-HE C MOPCKA EO4A. AXO I,I3TIOTflBAHETO 3AIIOTIHC, KOTATO CTC B OTKPETI{BOArr r4 He 3acJrylKaBa Aa ce Bpr,xrare, npoiuufire o6u.nHo MacKara ro,'r-KOBa nibrlt, KoJIKoro e geo6xoAuMo 3a orc'fpaHflBaHe Ha rroreHero.

3 aut ur a or oxJr a>KAa HeTol-[e,renara rMypKaqecKa onepauufl HerpaeorpaHur{eHH munyru. Kax-TO npr4 eKcKyp3r4q B rrJraHr{Hara pa3xoAKaTa MOXe Aa npoAr,Jr}KH CqacoBe. He ca pe.u,Kr.r cJryqar.{re, oco6eso rrpH noABoAHrzn p116o;roo,KOtaTO_ C[OpTr.rCT:bT He v3J1143a OT BOAaTa B npoA:bJIxeHHe Ha rXeCT'qaca. B ccuroro roBa BpeMe Mopero ro o6rpax4a c HerocrorrpHeMHaB TeMneparypHo orHorileHr{e cpeAa. Karo rzsKrrorrrlM AoHqKtAe rpo-nI{qecKLITe BoAoeMH, Moperara oxJIa)KAar qoBe[IKI,Iq otpaHl,r3t M cpaB-HI4reJrHo6:rpso. 3a npoqeca Ha oxJraxAaHe r.r [peoxJra)KAaHe cr]qe-crByBar ra6nuqu, Ho re 3aAoBo"IflBar caMo HaIUara nrc60gnareJrHocr.HegHaqure"rHa pod'rs urpaqr 14 HflKou t4HALrBvAyaJruH croiiuocrn rrpr4rlMypKaqa: 3aKar'IflBaHe, IloAKoxHlr 1.,'rT)cTltHt4, KaJIopHqHocf Ha xpa-HATA 3A C|bOTBETHI,Ifl ACH, NPEABAPVTCJIHO 3ATONJIflHC HA T'IAOTO I{ AP.

BoAara ilpeBt3xo)KAa Br,gAyxa rlo cBoflra ronJroeMKoct na,q'4rr:brv, a no cBorra ronJronpoBo.4uMocr

- 25 nr'l.u. Tesu AaHHr.r npa_enr o6fl,cHw,Mo 3arqo nplr eAHa lr c:bxla reMneparypa Ha Bb3Ayxa H Bo-AaTa qoBeK UsnUTBa HecpaBHrrMo rro-toJlrM cTyA B:bB BOAHara CpeAa-Bo4unnr cnoil, gonptH Ao Koxara na rnrypxava, ,,IzBTefJIfl., MHoro*KparHO no-6:rpeo.or BT,3Ayxa HeroBara ron.rrusa. Or roea o6rptx<a-Barqara to BoAa 6v. rpn6nano Aa ce 3arondrlH u roBa HaHcrHHa craBa,I{O B pe3yJrTaT Ha ABHXeHr.rfTa H TeqeHHflTa rMypKar{.bT ilonaAa He_[peK:bcHaro e Hos cfloti. Haueuo 6u 6ulo Aa ce oqaKBa, rre opraHH3Mr,T"ue rrpI4BHKIIe, qe ce ,,aK,'rl,tMarLrzlrpa", t{ oue [o-HaHBHo _ qe MexAylsJloro w neo6srsure BoAHr4 Macrr xle ce [ocr].rrHe reMneparypHo paB-"HOBeCHe. 3anoqsar?xu or rpafiHrzqHTe, oxJralKAaHel.O uHreH3r.rBHO Ce.yBeflHr{aBa B6npeK[ 3acr],rreHoTo npoI43BeXAaHe Ha rorr,rnHHa eHep_l-llg B opraHr43Ma. B e4uu MoMeHT rqJrOrO e pa3rr,pceHo or rp:brrKr4,.a eAHH nOrJreA npe3 MacKaTa toBopr{, qe To e noKpr.rro c TaKa Hape-qenara,,rb[ra Koxa". Tpuxure cJIeABar Ha B.bJlHr.I, AoKaro ce [peB.bp-ilar B nocroqHHa.Kpu3a. oqe c rflxHara norrBa tMypKar{br e AJr6x{eH/la ce,ynibrH xt,u 6pera. Hqi\,ra crMHeHrre, qe npil ys1o;qr4Bocr Ha Bo,'rfl-ta tofi Mo)Ke Aa r.r3Aibpxa Kpr4Sara Ha oxJrax{AaHero cpaBHr{re,rrHo Ar,JI-t'o BpeMe. Ho rax'r,e repoH3ibM e 6egno,regeH, rt,li xaro uacrt,rfi,'Ir4Te

'@ur. 9 @ur' 10

3aHprero cu c noABoAHu MacKl{' y "q:

florVq}rxa Ao6'sp npile}it ' otlI4JIara

.,JIuHee",,,B.nrouu"l"',i'til;;;J; tg';1'9j -;

"o'anxo" lrpur' 10)'

floc.rleAnure 3acera ia" a6conuo'eu cBeroBeH [IaMnuoH no lx]'Ipoqll-

HaTaHa3puTeJlHl{'IJ*uu'3actxanen'IeT'IXHaTaKoHcTpyKTIIBHaxa-'nc(TenHOCT a" npuu"-'n*oAxoAgulu 3a lMypKaql{ c ilo-loJlflM I{JII{ I'r3-

;"^ru;t:T:il:',";n;f"" 1?l:.T"""",

n3BecrHrr caMo Ha IIo-

,oilI'Ir'I4re t*on*uo"lfio""o;;;t;9a^l'l'y:t.'I'IrIIl oqHrIa He ce ro'^Bex(-

AafireorloreMI4Hu''iiunl6ntloou'tn'reo6exru!Maxapilorqer"lt4Bo'Br,3rrpoll3Be*ou"t"o- nitu *o^nn'n^.-t.,1o*n"uo ilopaAI'I rpeqy[BaI{e-

To, Karo np"1*t"^"-i"nu'" u3rflc'MAa' no-6"'rusxu Il no-roJleMu c

,oKoJIo eAIIa rpera' iouu oo"t"tlBa H cpeilraHl4re or rMypKaqa rpyAgo-

crl'{ ilpH onp"o*n'nt- "' pu"'o"n'o'tu'Tu 4o6asram' qe 6ttcrpara

BoAa I'I3rJIe)Kou ""tn"o'u nL-n'""nu' Hnua 4a e 3rre np', roBa [oJIo)Ke-

HrIe npeABapt""nno"au ycBol'tre eAHa KOpeKIIHOqHa HarJlaca' qpe3

ffi ft"e'iT{;im.nltri"r#"ir!l#}'i#)'Tx#rv^'T^g"6a'6ez

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,ce rpI'rlenr nntt*JiJn?""to' o"e liu'yceuare HeyAo6crno B KoHraKr-

Hllre roqKl4, "o 'nuii''u"-"o un 19{1o"*Aa

Hanbrt'o' Koraro Hanyc-

Here Mara3IIn, " "ldti'uu"" t nt-p"*o tnfr'pnu"t' n:^Til:tufire npe-

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"u ur" ga-Ilastl CBOflTa xepMerI4rIHOCT '

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'or 6pera tnu n.noua,e'{}rl'Ifl c'bA Hacrt'IIBa $asara Ha fipeoxilaxAaHe

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saAp:bxKa ua pu:urr'.n ero Ha noABOAlIl4fl crlopr' a or Apyfa _- 3a[JIa-

xa 3a Harxero sgpaue? oqeeurHo qoBeK ce HyxAae or BT'opa' 3aurl4T-

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.B'rxA,axa Kr'laAIl 0T cbqKI',l 14 Cyxl',i BOAOpac','Ii4' nao6ltxo',renu or npeMpr'3-

;ffii;-'ty;ffiu' xu"nu"te bsxu Ha Aareq ro-ro"IflMa roqur or r'Hec'

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BTOpH ts],pxy Hefo . ' . He ce rp'brBalxe na MOpe 6ee repuycli c f operq qali

u xa$e. Celse ce iloflB]l AyHarlpeHbr u o-rAeJ'IHII napqera fiorl]laxa Aa ce

,"rni.ut; "u *po.ru u-i"p5a' 'Moxe

-6u ngNou clt cttox'IHflr c KaKBa

saBucr 6e nocpeulnaro caouopr"quoro rBopeuue Ha-lMypKarla Mapun

lonoe. lpuxnuso " . p""' ua AusaiiHep cr'ull{nr 6"-T3-1p.1:TrI Heilro

Karo BareHKa -- r{epeH nna, orurr c unoio6pofiHri rereJri'r, Koriro rlpu-

At,prNaxa rtH'bK n;utt aytunpeu' Oreorpe - rloArJlara or xace'

flpaxruxynaHero Ha nbaeoAulln cilopr nonacrosureM c pa3lxupeHI{-

Te My I{eJII4, noBI4IileI-IH I{3I'ICKBaHHfl u vBeruqeHn HaroBapBaHUfl e

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o6'reN'ro' To ce npo-

u3Be)KAa B ABa BapHaHra: cyxo I'I MOKpo'

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rIpIIHIdu[a Ha HerlpoMoKaeMocrra' Karo noA Helo ce o6mvla a3oJlwpa-

rlro cryAa "tnna"o "p"*o'

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nu"li,o,roo*o o6nerno Hocrr r4Mero_crr or KaqecrBeHo Apyr,nq rpi'IHilIIn'

r<oilro ce r.r3rrorl3y;;";p;';;;o. Kacae ce 3a nponycKJlr'IB roABoAeIr

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n" a" o6"oufl'Ba, a ycBoflBa reMilepaTypara Ha Tn'{oro'' Tosu u"a oon"i.i;"";;'ptaoiuu"or MllKpo'''y'rlecr KayqyK' IIa'

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noeHr,r HfMa cBorrciuo"o Au noeMa eoAa. Aederr.rHara My Bapl4pa Me-

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" xoa"o n1i;;'ilil;;errrq'-xa Hefiuara KBanparypa. nonpzuu-uLro^J r"nuoKa npaBu o6nexnoro

frr 1!. Hanpeueu pa3pe3 Ha rorrJrosail{rrna Marepfisa) xayuyxoea noBbpxuocr; 6) HeonneH: e) xelaxxa

no-ycrofluaBo Ha c'rrbHretrHTe il'brrr4 t4 npr4 saKaqaHe B MrrArr, c*atril4 nxrpeAr\{err.r. C re.re'He Ha BpeMero o6aq.e;na*r ce pa3JrelBa.or Heonpe_IIa I{ KOCTIOMbT CTaBa ueusnonsvraela-B'peruuocrra Ha oor.nnoro';;;;;, He ce norr.rarsearue. rlo-K'CHHTC KOHCTATAIIUH HA CKC''CPHMCHTATOPI.ITC AAAOXA IPCAIOqI,ITA-Frrle Ha xe,/raHKara orBT,Tpe, vpes Nomo oodrreKJloro 4o6u s4pae HHa 14ce o6nuqarue ro-/recHo' o"'r riu-avor'ionnoruulrzr'rrre cH KarrecrBa(t::: I l), orcxopo o6aqe-ce ;?#;;";'roBpar K'M HerroArrrareHrire,4pexIz, r{ To B,rrurrero Ha cttoprr.rcrn orBr.rc[Ia KaretopHr.,,Bapuoe _Ka3Bar re _ qe o6neNnoro 6es xe,[aHxa t4Ma rlo-Kt,c xl.IBor, Koeroro rrpaBiz orHoc'reJr'o_:j3no. Ho, or,4pyra .rpu"u,-ro

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crpaHa cpeu.aMe 14JII'{ Karo otA"nll-o--:lop'bxeHHe' uJtA Karo Hepa3Ae'rI-

Ha qacror p[3ara.llp!4 tsropHn c'ryuaH pl{3ara HtlMa uun ($ur' l5 a}

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til nunp"*"p 6entorr) nO npanuno e AByx,lr.rr'rrJMerpoBo. fa_ultpltso-

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rre ro,nnrarara or *;;;;;' Ao I'I3BecrHa creIIeH I'Irpae ct'Iqara po'nT'

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orHolreHr4e Ha ApyraTa eKr4rrr4poBKa - [IHopxeJIa, [epKIIre Ii MacKa-'ra. Bcu.rNn te3r.r cr,opr,xeHr{q, uMaiu,}I KayqyKoBa cy6craHqua, ce-Hy)r{AaflT OT ClbrIlOTO: CflHKa, Cd'IaAKa BOAa II Tar'IK.

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uBeroBe 6uxa yee,rnqllJllr ecrernqecKara croiluocr ga oS,lernoro.Taxasa eKHrrI{poBKa e uo-sa6e,'IexnNla 3a qoBeKa rIoA u HaA BoAara'a roBa e or no,'I3a. llo ornoureHlle Ha rIoABoxHi.Ifl pu6o;roe o6aqe st-irpoc:br e Bce oule B lleHrbpa Ha AI'IcKycliure. llpeo6,'iaAaBa MHeHIzero,qe flpKr.rre qBeroBe rIJIaIUar prl6nre. Ha Hero ce [pornBonocraBq lJie-/lurrrero, ue prr6nre peatupar cI.IJrHo Ha qepHflfl qeRt, tr'ii Karo xap[y-lir.rcrtr nanoAo6qna,t rexHnq 3aK,rIeT Henplzgre,Il - ,1en$una. @up-ruara,,Cnopacy6" sae lro3lrqun B crlopa i{ npe3 1980 r. u3Kapa Ha tra-3aprl KocrroM-HoBocr. Herosara xe,'laHKa e B flo3narilre Na$Rao-se-

'[eHI't nerHa or 3aullITH]ITe Marepuir Ha apl,reitcNure o6,reN.na II llpHKp14-'r'lrq. Trfi Karo ri\4a onacnocr Aa ce orK,'IoHliM or reN{ara, Ha nocJieA,-

ilrrfl Bbnpoc ule ce BbpIleM B ciborBerHliq pa3Ae"'I. B Npal Ha_Kpal4qararrl1.a.r.elqt'ule HarrpaBr4.r.rs6op Ha uBera u no csoii nxyc. Halara ce

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PHaara, naH'ra,'roHT,r u 6ouero ca Haii-sa)KHI'Ire KoMnoHeHrlz Ha'r'on,'ro3alqr,trgolo o6,rexno. Ho [t,JIHara eKIlttHpoBKa cr'A:bp)Ka H aK-('ccoap, xoriro urpae cttqecrBeHa poJIfl rlpu AaAeHI'I ycr'IoBlrs.

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rlirficrnynar Ha cKopocrra npll r,'IyBaHe I{ rMypKaHe, Ho 6opaeeuero(' rrpeAMern r.i cr'opr,)KeHun e NpaiiHo 3arpyAHeHo..

Heonpeuourire pbKaBliqu 6usar c ,,rer [plcta" H ,,TpI{ nplcta"'llocneAuure ca rro-TorrJln, FIo [o-HeyAo6sn or IJIeAI'Iqe Ha cpbqnocrra.llconpeuoeure pbKaBltur4 ce ynotpe6neat B cl'y4eHrl Bolll'

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34

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Bero BI4 "" " sunnututub, axo Ha-KpaKara e ronJIO' ln'typNauure pflA.

Ko ce 3aMH"not nuo ffi**' u" ooi"t"-ttpuno ca ceplloael npo6ue s'

eKrr[I4poBKara' IIpe3 Xbfi"o r43't]'1qa rorlrHHara Ha opraHI43Ma'

HectuseHo oo""n"' 6ea NayuyxoBa [o'IIMerKa ce HaxJry3Bar I]o-

r"#;ft;."ta' -Ho

aKo rloAMerKara e MeKa I{ He cb3AaBa KoMnrlrl*

Karrr4r{ np" o6yuaui;"";;;;;-6orunru He ca sa npene6perBaHe"

Te ce u3HocBa.r.no-6aeHo npH xoAeHe no 6pera r{ B n,taBarer'IHH ct'.'

4oae. IIo npaBl4dro J"pt';t itpati ua 6ornnx'urerpa6ea Aa ce noAn-L'x-

"a nol Kpar{oIa Ha naHTa/'loHa'

coaeHfire,tHono-"".noilpl'ld'IoxeHne'npeAI4MHOt"Yt:-utuT'Hap"r";iffiil:"'rip"attu"ns'a noAut.xHo napue HeorpeH' H3p'3aHo

no $opruara Ha 6pa4ara' B Koero e uanpareno orBepcrlle 3a MuHaBa-

Hero Ha ,urop""nulilo.q6paaHr.rx' npe.qna3Ba Aor'rHara ilacr Ha JIH-

ua"o o" npgl( KOHTaKT C BOAaTa 14 MeLy3HTe'

flpll.u,nltxnaHero no At'Horo nocraBfl B HeI'l3roAHo noJIoxeHI'Ie Ko.

JIeHere, K'bAero "tonpt"t" e I'l3JIo)KeH Ha cKt'cBane' Ero 3ailro Bce

fio-qecro ce noqBflBai rrunon"nnrr or HeonpeH c BbH''rHo npeflacBa]Ie'

Cpeqar .. , nu""JilHn-c Sa6puu"o noan6"tHl'I HaKoJIeHxn' llpHcno-

co6.neuuero "tu *i'iiot'

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" innyp^'"e c ro-cllJlosr Aeficr-

*"""H"Xifilx' """ro3arluTl{rr

o6ner.na 3acera He ce npor3Bex{Aarp '

Ho npeAfi Il3BecrHo BpeMe Hauuflr xl4MlIK "-ityp*uu gnaauwg--Nlaree'

HH noKa3a npOOHH d'IHCTOBe HeOnpeH C AOCTa nO'nOXHre'lHI'l KaqeclBa*

B CCCP ce npou3BexAar cyxl' xoirrcntu iono;' *o*p' - "HentyH" '

or qCCP nu n"non^6lriu oe ilpaBeH BHoc Ha ron'tlosaqlorHo o6'lex-"

,ro. Haqangure cepuu noxaaaxa HeAocrart'qlla lr'BKaBocr' Ho cela

r4Ma AaHHlt' u" u"*oino"auKoro nportsno4cfBo Kpaqu K.lM cBeroBHo-

To HI4B.. o" oc'ananuTe cTpaI.Il{ npoI43BoAl,iTeJIKI4 uafi.pasnpocrpa.

;;;^;";r; ca gpeHcxtzre n ura'ruaHcKure o6'nexra'

Tonnosau[rnoto"o6nl*no tpoouu Aa ce olJlexAa BHHMaTeJIH' Id

Aa ce IloAJIenBa raM' ""i;t;; Hdo6xo4uvro' 'ilenenero ce npaBI'I c Heo-'

ilDeHoBo JIenu'IO' 3a npeArloqltTaHe qepH0' 3a Aa ce MacKl{par nopa-

""""""]\,Iecra.vAaqua'elonpaBKaraI'IcxeJlMereKc'aKOBMOI\{eHTa'He pasnonaral're c ;p";";;;;;:- H'*u'"ut"ro ce npaBI'I rbHKo' I{3-

36

qaKBar ce HsKoJrKo MHHyTr.r, rror'rara ce BTopu c.ugfi nenuno BT,pxy nbp-tsHfl r{ nplrTr.rcKaHeTo Ha ABeTe qacTr.r ce [paBH eABa CJIeA OUIe eAHarrerMuHyrHa flay3a. 3a .qa I{Mare ycnex B oflepaquqra, Heorrpenbrrpn6ea Aa 6tAe Harrbr'rHo cyx cd'reA npeABapnreJrHo l43nilaKBaHe B cd'raA-Ka BoAa. CneA sanenBauero Ao BJrH3aHero B.bB BoAara e HaJrox{HreJrgafiay3a cnopeA yKa3aHtrrrTa Ha [poH3BoAnTer'rfl Ha JIelr.rJIoTo.

Ha svN{Hn cbcre3aHrrfl npea 1970 r. e l(eapnepoBr.rre ocrpoBn(COPIO) 6urapcxu cr,cre3are,'m no rroABoAeru pu6onon Hanpa'nnxanpeABapr.rre/'rHr.r pagrpr.rBKr.r c poAHHff MeAr.rrIHHcKr.r rpert ,,Kunero,'r.,,KaKTo H c HeMcKI{l,,@LIHartoH",3a ga ycIIJIflT npvroKa Ha Kp6B K6MKoxara. H Aa no.4Abpxar yceuaHe 3a rorrJrr.rHa. flo4o6nn MepKr.r B3tr-Mar r.t'$peHcxure rMypKarru c rexHr.u npenapar ,,,tlorrrHK". 14Nra cee-.JleHHs, qe Ao roBa ce npv6xrea or Spauuysr.rre r.{ Jrere, Kotaro e [,ra-IIupaH rro-AT,d'r:br npecroft 86B BoAara. Ha ragr.r r.{Aefl orqe raM ce [po-1' H BorrocraB u 6y p r acxutr xap nyH r.rcr X p ir cro fl uqee. C nope4 HeroBara'|e3a optaHI43Mbr raKa I{,rI4 l,tHaqe ,,ro4aBa" K6x,I oxJlax{Aaulara ce Ko}I(arpor.r3BeAeHara rorrr'u.iHHa eHeprr.rfl . llpoeoxupaHero Ha ro3lr npoqec:|r{aq!r olt1e B HaqaJloro Aa ce ,,xB6p,'Iqr s 60g" u p$epBrrre. Harlcrr.l-lla yceu{aHeTo 3a TonJIHHa CbXtecTByBa, HO 3a CMeTKa Ha TOBa nepffo-/t'b'r Ha 6narono.tyvue e Kbc. floeHarure cry.4eHr.r rprrrrKu z4ear s y4-ItoeH npHcTT,fl BCIeACTBT4e HHTeH3tIBHOTO H3TetIflHe Ua rOn,rUggll.rel)ecypcH.

Btnpocrr' gacJryxaBa BHr.rMaHr.re, Ho He ro cquraMe 3a .qr4cKycr{o-rrcu. TeprropetyJrauHonHHt'e flpotlecil, c Kor.{ro HaKparKo ce 3ano3Hax-fi,re, trpuBexAar AoKa3areJrcrBa 3a npaBorara Ha f nqes. t{oeeurxfiqr{)l)raHU3.bM caM H uail-4o6pe nporuoo4eftcrByBa Ha cryAa, AoKo,'rKororr\4y no3Bo,,IflBaT CI,IJIHTe. Ha[rero MHeHHe e, qe Aopu BpeMeHHaTa rro,l-r?r npu xparxorpafiHr 3a[\a.tv He cH crpyBa rpyAa H 3aqa[BaHero Ha1(0cTIOMa.

ll p o r u B o n o c r a B fl H elta nd'IaBaeMOcTTa

MnoguHa nro6zre,ru Ha nd'ryBaHero oilIe Karo Aerra ca ce yrIyABarH1)l' npr{BHrrlerHq'ta Ha HflKo]I CBOI{ Bp:bCTHr.rqr,I Aa CTOqT Ha [oBT,px-r()crra npocro Karo rrlaMaHAypa - 6es yclr,rnn H 6es AnuxeHr.{fl Harilrariuuqure. O6uxHoseHo roBa ca 6wnu Jrr{qa [o-r]6,lHn $usuuecxn.li c:oulHocr rrb,rHorara He e H3qep[areJreH 6ener ua raatz cnoco6noct.l(;rcae ce 3a xopa c raKa HapeqeHara toJrolt{r.rreJrHa nraBae\tocr, 46Jr-,ri;rura ce Ha rflxHoro Hr.rcKo orHocr4reJrHo TerJro. O6uxHoseHo o6aqertoEerIKoTo rfl,'Io LrMa JIeKa oTpr.rqaTe,'IHa rrJIaBaeMocT, IIpecMeTHaTari;r oKoJro I xr. Ts e np[qfiHara ga rrortBaHe B:bB BoAHa cpeAa Ha xo-Jlil, KOr.rTO He 3HarrT Aa [JIyBaT.

37

X

Axo ce clo6paeult c.l'c 3axoHa ua ApxuueA' ule BI'IAIIM' r{e npw

oilur 3a rMypKaHe uoau"u-ur" ce Tlp^o:lBJIsBa c iloAeMHa cu'{a', cno*

codsa Aa I'{3TJIacKuu'ill^"outpxnoc'a-^ectlKo qoBerlKo rflJIo c noJlo-

xI,ITeJIHa rIJIaBaeMoc'l'^bn"aou^u"tJlHo Ha TaKaBa c:b'porl'IBa Iqe ce Ha'

r'Krlar 14 HopMarlHo, ; ;;p; ;;rpI{u1Y1o 6alaHct panl're I,HAI{BI{I''''

Korlro ca Ha*bJIHI4t""ff;'p; 'pti"'"^o' Kollr c B'b3Ayx I{ c& c'ro)Kl4"rlfi'

MacKa (nocle4uara';;; y"tn"uuuu n*o"t""tnnara nnaeae*ocr)"

Ero sauro, .u au "'Jifri""*yp*uu::. #;;;tr;r o6esareu'Iuo rpn6ea

i-u ""non'v"1

1313 ;X;;#?;'.tTllnoou"uno, aKo rMvp Kaq'br Rce3a6e.ne>Nurenuo

naK npeo,x,on"" ttniJ";;;;; Ha BoAarl 'lytnut au orl{Ae Ha 6-7 *

At.n6otllana. nol atnt"uu" tu nun"'unero HeroBl{fr rpbAeH KoIil ce

cBuBa, [JlaBaeNlocr"u -t"uuu

He]TpaJIHa n -uolutu

ry6n "noptln" sa

IrsxBT,pJInHe nu uy'nioio;;;"' i p1:"1'5"* HarI4cK ro-HaAorly rpbA-

HI{gr KoIIr t" "u"uo'i"*i'-""tno"o Ha r4^3TJIacKaHara BoAa e rIo-MaJIKG'

or rer,'Ioro nu '*ypniiu I'{ nJraBaeNlot""u "tuuu

orpl4lrareJlHa' cera

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Bapalr4n"onp"tou#o il;;;;' flocne!'Horo caMo no ce6e ctt e nra-

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BrpaAeultre B Hef xI'IJInAw

Henpo'uuae*" t"*y[u'""u' ntnn" c tsr'3Ayx I{JIH a3or' urpaflr poJrm

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ca o"loBHI'Ire or-

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Jlacr' a^^^^A4nu|.^natt ce iloc'taB' Ha Kp't'cra ($ur' 16)"

",X:rurx:!^utr:#rTy::"::li;tt;:Tknrlrx*n:rl:*i, nouuonnBalqa t9y"TT,1o.lT:I:*, a Mareprinra naii-qe*o e

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too" o6t*' "iuttt'utn"trTa Ha lyMara

ro Abpxi{ np"ntniunn'MKpbc'ra' lo^uto K.JIaHI'ITe or I{3KycrBeHat

cI4Hrerl4qHa Marepr4fl yBI,cBar "' Lli::: ; cG3AaBar peA'''a

-3arpYAHe-

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o.iloeHure orJr'rBKu,Kor{To ce uu"rr#:r "u ro3u Br{A KoJraHI{, o6uNgo-

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Haqllu 3a rMypKaqu-u o!u'""*octio'l rexHufl 6poii' Paa6flpa ce' cl'BKyn-

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H a rM y p x a.t{a, le6e''i "' a H KoM n reKTnoo"* to ndlo3aul}lTHoro o6nex"ro''

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Ha BOAIIara cpeAa I4 Ap"

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I4sst,Hpe4uo rroAXoAflIIIw za 6rpzo peryJILIpaHe ua 64nacra c2 HoBo-:

npol{3Be)KAaHLITe OJ'TOBHH TeX{ecrLI C BbHIIIHO no,llyaBTOMarllqI{O 3a-KpenBaHe K6M Ko,'IaHa. lIpH TqxHoro 4o6anane I4r'IIi orHeMase or 6a.racrnufl KoJIaH He ce ry6u HrrKaKBo Bp.eMe. PaeHoer.{AHocr Ha [oJIy-aBroMarutrHa relKecr eAaAeFla Ha Sur. 16. ManNLrsr npope3 B cpeAnara

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Onn. 16

BepTHKa,'rHa flplbqKa AaBa B:b3Mo)KHocT TexecTTa Aa ce [ocTa Bfi Ir. Hg-Ba)KAa or Ko,'raHa 6eg us,rocreH AeMorirax{.

Moxe 6r.r Nru KJracuqecKr{fl KoJraH cJreABa Aa orHece[4 r.r HepqAKoiIocraBrHLITe MHKpoKo,raHv Ha KpaKara. Te ca 3naqure,'rHo no-TecHIIH c rro-Mar'rKu relKecrrz H ce u3rior'r3yBar B cryAeHr.r ao4ri. I(pauurzreMLlKpoKo,Tauu (Hnu npocro xauuxu) nporrrBocroflr Ha rr,'raBaeMocrraHa Ae6e"rure rraular'Iorrtr rr 6olilnxn.

Konanztm c npegpa,yrK& rre Mo)Ke Aa ce Hapeqe HoBoBT,Be.qeHLie,KaKro roii sa npbB nor,.reA rr3rJrelKAa y Hac. CbsAaAeH e yc[opeAHoc rroflBara i{a nr,pBHTe HeoilpeHoBrl o6"texna rlo xpyMBaHe ua $peHcxu-re rN{ypKarru Topes, Ca6aron u Ka4uy. EQexrunHara My crpaHaeB pa3no/rraJaHero Ha ctrquHcKararracror 6anacra Br,pxy rtp6a narMypKarra. llo rosu Haqr{H gr,rrorpafinr4re 3aHr.rMaHnfl noA BoAa rlenpeAH3Br4KBar XapaKTepHaTa yMopa B KpT,cTa, npuclbula Ha K,'racuqec-xuq 6zrnacler{ KoJrar{. I(orrclpyxrusHo roii rrpeAcraB,rrflBa cHcreMa orKayqyKoBr.r pel{bur{ Hrroflc, KaroocHoBHara rpt6Ha 'rex<ecr e cpeAr{o3-4-NunorpaMoBa H yrMa rparerloBr.rAua $opnla.

llpeunryulecrBara Ha KoJraHa c rrpespaMKlr He AaBar rxocrartq-rto ocHoBaHus rofi Aa6'x1e npelop:L,rraH. VcnoxueHara pel,{bqHa clt-cTeMa ro npaBr{ rpyAefi sa 6rpso ocro6ox4anaHe, Koero e HeflpHfrHaupeAnocraBr(a 3a cnrypHocrra.

Aemonouuus.m 6a,tacm e Bar4x{crByBaH or cr6upaqr{Te Ha croFrtepr.r,Kopar'Irr u 6ucepnu vrra4ri. 3a,4a cnecrfir Harrb,'r]tro ycttrutrra cr4 npHrMypxaHe, Te rroelrar B p:bKa re)Kecr or 7-B lc{,'rotpaN{a, Bbp3aHa ctsT,)Ke KT,M CTOfirqaTa Ha nOBT,pxHocTTa r{oAKa Lrnll 5vfi. Ha Atuoro.reocTaBt{TTe)KecTTa, Lrsr{b,,iHriiBa"r 3a\\aqaTa cfl, a 3aBpblqaHeTo l{[lt cTaBa

39

c roJrflMa JreKora r{ caMo c HflKoJrKo yAapa Ha [epKr.rre. flpe4r.r cJIeABa-XIOrO lMypKaHe Te)KeCTTa ce I'I3BaxAa Ha IIOBT'pXHOCTTa [oCpeACTBoMBls;xero. Ao6pe 6n 6nno, aKo roBa ycr.rJrHe ce r.r3BbpruBa or rrpuApy)K-Baq, 3a Aa ce cnecTr.r BpeMe H eHeprr4q Ha rMypKarla. Ho raxa uJlt4 wfla-ve npu6rrnaHero Ao aBToHoMeH 6anacr HaMa,'rflBa 3Haqr{TerHo pHcKo-Bere rlpn tMypKaHero v EaBa roJIflMa o[eparr{BHocr Ha cfloprllcra-14 ue cnyuaiiso uuenso 'ros[ cnoco6 6usa Nsnon3yBaH rrpfi rrocraBfl-r{ero Ha peKopAu no rMypKaHe.

Hslraue fipaBo Aa rtpecKotll,rM rorqMoro gHaI{eHHe, Koero l]rpae7o6pe rpecMerHarvflT 1afiacr.3a6enexunta e reHAeHqvflra lrpv A,ocrarMypl{aqfi Aa ce cnycKar ,,Ha rex<Ko", Toecr c rIoBH[IeHo rerro ua 6a-Jracra. EcrecrgeHo roBa e npllsrHo H HeyMopI4TeJIHo B ntpeara Qa-ga, Ho raxa uz6paurlrr rrbr e rrt'r KT,M 3JIorIoJIyKara. 3auloro ycrrlruflTaIIo SaBpbxlaHero BLIHarw ca B Kpafl Ha arlHeflTa LI roraBa BceKH LI3JILI-

nneH rpaM oT 6a,'racra 3anoqBa 4a 4eftcrnyna Karo KorBa. bnxue npe-nopbqaJrn lro-qecro yroqHflBaHe sa 6anacra cto6pasno cbBKynHocrraor $axropu, Kor4To ueue us6pouxlte. Or nor'I3a u1e 6rAe, aKo K:bM TlxAo6asHNl v raKHBa Kpl4Teplrll, xaro ct'o6pa3flBaHe cbc cbcrotlHlzeroHa aKTABHOCT HJIr.r arrarlls B AeHfl Ha rMypKaHero.

H e n p eAB rrAe H H ycJI o x{ H e H 14 fl

AopH B ecrecrBeHara cI{ cpeAa qoBeKT,T He ce AoBepflBa Ha[tJltroHa r.rHcTr.rHKTa ctl 3a caMocSxpaHeHl{e, a npaBLI AOTIb,TIHHTeJIHH yCHJII',Ifi

14 HarpyrrBa SHaqIlTe,lIHLI nO KOJII{qeCTBa 3HaHI,Ifl, ea Aa 6bAe B cbcTofl-Hr.Ie Aa ce c[paBlz c HeoqaKBaHIz o[acHocru. lIocneAHLITe 3alloqBar mycJroxHeH r.rre KoMyHLI K at\uv Ha c'bB p eMeH H ocrra I{ II p oAb,'I )Ka Bar rlpe3uevs6pounrure u3HeHaAL Ha rlpupoAata u yp6aHl,Icrl'tqHara cpe.qa'

EArare,rsocr e oIrle no-HaJlexaura B lleecrecrBeHara 3a qoBeKa

iloABoArIa cpeAa. Tyx ruypxaqr,r He Moxe ra pa3lbHe cBo6oAso ga-Iqr.rHHTe cv cvrlIvr, o6peueHeH or MHoro ycJIoBHocrH. Orpanuuena erleroBara rroABr{)KHocr, BI,IAI,IMocrra H T. n. llo re3u [p[qItHI'I BcfiKoHenpeAB[AeHo ycJIo>KHeHI{e e He CaMo HexeJIaTe,'IHo, HO I'I TBbpAe

3acrpallIaBaqo. OnacsocrnTe Ha Mopero ce [poeKrupar BT,pxy [cI,lxo-Jror[qecKu eKpaH Ha rMypKarla. Herosara HepBHa cncreMa rlo HaqaJIoe noA,rolr(eH a Ha gHaqr4TeJIHo HarlpelKeHne. MexaHusMI'ITe 3a KoM$eH-

caq[s cr,3AaBar seo6xoAl.luara nosocunnocr KbM HeecrecrBeHoro o6-KpbxeHr.re, Ho Bce [aK HepBuara yMopa HacrbnBa no'6tpso B cpaBHe-

HLIe c ocraHa,itllre BH,4oBe qoBe[IKa AeftHocr. htypxaulr slo6u1e He

ocraBa paBHoAyIxeH no BpeMe Ha cBol'Ire 3aHHMaHIZq, HaIIporl'IB'rofi e Aa,req no-cKr'IoHeu KbM HepBHa eKcrl'lo3litfl, orKodrKoro Ha cy-[Iara. BcqKo HeilaKaHo flB!'IeHLIe, BcflKo I'l3BbHpeAHo SpIrreJIHo

40

rlJrr.r cJryxoBo B1,3[puqTr{e MOXe_Aa cMyTH HefoBara saAaqa. He e us_'KJrroqe'o flc]rx'qecKoro HaroBapsaHe Aa ce no'yq,n ,,o yM.3pr4reflet:nr'r rroA nra4eftcrnuero Ha uaipan,runn qu*roi" ^o""#"i".""."o.Taxa unn L{Haqe BcaKo ycJro}r{HeHlre nDecreMaBceB"'*o**'{"i;;;;i"";;;;t".fff :ff :'#"ffiJ""T]1"o"*"nydlca u ALIIXaHeTO.

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t1'#;."""r rIo3Bo"InBa Aa H3rbKsent uat?-qecto iri"'rl;;;r.t y"no*-

E4Ho or rqx e orB,,rnqaHeTo Ha [,,ryBeua rMypKaq BcrpaHu r4JtH Ha-Bibrpe B Mopero. Tosa ce cayqBa cneA suesanHo ersHraxH ana 6ypnHd'rr{ norraAaHe B C[JrHo reqeHr4e. 3a ,ngnaAr-ra 'rr4s.

B o.a" """p"rcr cra-Ba rpyAHo HJrH HeB'3MOIKHO

^(a ce 406epe AO X(e,'IaHara roqKa ga w3-JIusaHe or cy[rara. lloHqxora calruor'rori "" *""u" ,o# .ropua"cyrJturrfl. npn6oft , o.l1:o:.ra or yAapr.r B rJraBara r.r rfldrroro. He uleH AyMa' qe penr'rreflHo sHaqeH'e B TaKaBa ooc"u"o"nu"rria ,u"pr",406para o6qo$usavecxa H nJryBHa [oAroroBKa r.r MOpa,,rHoBO,rre-Bara ycrofiuanocr ua ruypxava. Ho eAuo qecro npeue6pernauorrpncnoco6,leH14e M(

l":::.'* v :j: ;' l"iffi t'" #,[i' |if#trl1l f 3ff u ii. ;#i3 Tffi:,rlooptrflT BI,IAHM CHrHa,rl 3a MecToHaxoxAeHVeTO My.Korapnu npriMKr, [peAcraBJrflBar 3axBbp JreHH uJrrr HgocraBeH'l|'r,)Kera H Mpexu no AT,HOTO. Hepa4r<o re ca 3aMacKr.rpaH' OT ecrecrBe_rnrre oSpasyBatr4fl Ha MopcKara $nopa w $ayna erpxy rax. luypxa_

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klopaznnar ce B cxBailIaHe Ha MycKyd'IHara rpyila "i ::i3:^:r KpaH-

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c noABoLHHf l{o)K, fBfBaxlo ce Karo yMecreH Bt,H[IeH '4pa3HHTe"i'AXO 6O.nxara OCTaHe Il CAe.4 I'13JIU3aHeTO OT BOAaTa' FISO6XOAi4MO e JIe-

xo 3aron,{ffHe I'I Macax(upaHe Ha rlopa3eHoro Mqcro'

Cnyuna ce lMypKaqtr'4a llsry6ll IlIHopxe"I' nepKa' FIox< HJII{ xap-

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; ;;; ; A;"to. z tu"aeFlrr'r e Herr p I'I r reFI np i'I ro - rod'I n Ma Ar'n6oql{ H a

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i*ypnuuu, rofi uelrnuyemo ry6rz opileHraqufl oxre cJIeA n'bpBoro rN{yp-

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MeTa, LIJIL{ CaMI'Ifl Hero' a r'IHnCaTa Ha AOCTOBepHI'I KOOpA}IHarH BJIO-

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u3BoA'br, u" aurap"nuun".rn'nu 6y" KT'NI KoJIaHa I{a lMypKaqa rpa6aa'

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"uAonutu"o6esonacHuuaxoANtl'llpe4uloAuHHno3llarnfl{rMypKaqTeoaop K.t{Hnes orKpI'IBa crpynBa[Ie or rypcKl'{ aprl4"Iepu[cK]i rloJlera-

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5o4r.r, uery6saftxH u-e ua.lNa qacr or Koxara LI Mecoro Ha npihcra cl4-

42

Axo no4roroBKara I{a rnirypKaqa e Ha AocrarbqHa Br.rcora, 3a AaCE 3AEMC C H3BA)KAAHE OT A:bHOTO HA AAAEH O6CXT, TO CIIOMAfATE,'IHATApoJrtr Ha 5yx oruoao ce Ha6r4ea HaoqH" Eynr e eAr.rHcrBeHirsr,,npeBo3*Ba{", KoriTo e rroA pbKa Ba no-JreKH r.r cpeAHo re}KKrr npe4rerr.'A x"-raro orKpHTHero e ueHFIo,Ho r1,3HcKBa AoIIiL,,{Hi,ITe,'tHa noMoiq 3a I,I3Ar.{ra*HeTo i\{y Ha noBT'pxHocrra, nax 6ynr u{e ce npETer{e B yc.rryra xaro gaii-.noAxoAflrrlara &rapKr.{poBKa Ha MscToTo.

B nocne4Hure roArrHr.{ xpair6pexuure BonH Ha t{epHo Mope ceHace,rl[Xa C to,rlflt'{ 6poii l,roropHl.I cr,AoBe c [poMr4IX,'IeHO, TypUCTI4-,qecKo H crroprrro [peAHa3Haqesue. Haft-or6nt,crnag,a e HaAnpeBapa*Ta Ha AoMopacJII{ flxrMeI-II4' I{3rIo,'IsyBaIqu n,'Iax{Hure EoAr.r Karo rHrr-HA AYTOCTPA4A. BI,PXY HE3ATIIiTCHI4TE I.IIABH HA KbTICU{I,ITC CC I]POCTO,BpibxJlnrar rexHHTe l,'IIIcepI{, 3a Aa AeMoHCTpt{par, qe x{HBor:tr Haxopara crpyBa [o-Ma/'rKo or )Ke!'raHHero Aa 6rAe sa6ensgaH MopexoA.HHsr HM ,,tepolr3r,M". AxrlleH]{qr tMypKarl 6N UO|U Aa r4Ma no HflKo,I-.xo c/'Iyr{afl Ha AeH, Koraro MoropeH C6AripeMHHaga 6.nllso]z,rIH HaA ca-MHfl Hero. oco6euo HenpusrHa e noqnara ua 6rpsoxoAHa .rroAKa-rt,it xaro sefiHoro npu6nuxanaHe He Mox{e JIa 6r4e oruereno npe.[Ba-.pl4re'rrHo' oT 4pyra crpaHa, pa3npocrpaHsBaHero Ha 3tsyKa noA Eo..Aara e oKor'Io [er n6Trr no-6spso orKo,'IKOTO 868 Blb3AyruHara cpeAa.Jlotrroro B cnyqss e, lre opuegrrrpoBKara c rroMorrlra Ha c,ryxa e H'eo6u*qai.iso 3arpyAHeHa, mft Naro n pbsy,r121 rra cKopocrra Ha pa3npocrpa_IIeHAe 3ByKbr ce B'b3npr{eMa eAHOBpeMer{HO C ABere yuru. opneHraur4fl-Ta e ro'rKoBa Br'lorlleFla' qe rpelllKara Ha rN{ypKar{a Mo}Ke ,{3 ,{ocrr.rfHe:lB0'. 3saeiiKr{ re3r.{ no4po6riocru 6^no ot reopnara, du"no

"tlnpunr*-Kara' lMypKaqrrT e noAar,'IHB Ha IIaHI{Ka' aKo Moroplii{fiT rrryM ro ga-BapI'r noA BOAara. Euoqnouanuo ueycrofiqHBure cnoprncrrr rroref,'rflTc pI'IcKOBaHa 6r,psuua KT,M [OBt,pxHocrra IJ ToraBa FIe ca u3K,'rrcqeHnHeilracrafl. He e uo-qneTyrrio no,'ro)KeHr4ero Ha ypaBHOBeCeUrrre. Te.ocraBar noA Bo,qara Ao [peAe,'Ia Ha cH,,Ir4Te cu, nttuefixfi ce Aa Ha,,IVq-r{ar npeAnoJraraeMr.rr Kypc u 6rpsHHa Ha r\{oropnt4fl cr,A. Kaxso Mo_x{eM Aa npelopbqaMe rrpH re3H ycJroxdsesus? Cnoxorlcreite, 6aeHo.Ii3JI[3aHe Ha noBbpxHocrra' tsHaMare,'IHo ot"Tex{AaHe iI ga ceT'eH r{'rrT -.ynorpe6a wa 6yfi. !,opu u HeBex{ure ,rolKoBoAar{u, uHriro 6pofi Ao--cra c[aAHa, HaMad'rflBar cxopocrra n ,rru6onlmgo.npn6,rrrxaeai, sa 4anpu6epar Ha no-cntypFio Mficro ra3r.r crpaHHa rrBerHa roflKa.

Axo ruypxa.rcr ue e noABoAeH pr.r6o,roeeq (u ro c Irnioru;rr-rutrpaxruxa), Tofi 6u Morr],'I Aa H3rIarHe B crpecoBo cri:ToflHile or He-qaKaHa cpe-qa c usxoft flo-eAlp npeAcraBarea Ha Mopcxara Sayua",Ilaxe n e Qepuo Mope He e deeo6ua'a rr3HeHaAa pflsr{oro BAr.rrafielra nor'rflMa MOpCKa KoTKa rrJII{ xunHOTHriHaTa cypoBocT Ha eApr{fMopcKr{ BibJrK - JraBpaK. cnoMusne cI{ ].rHrepeceH enr430A or Mex{,qy-uapoAHuq rypnr{p 3a HarpaAara ,,Cped:r,puara alr$opa,,. B 6nusocr 40

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JroAKa. tr4eea,{eH Ha Heq, roil 6e cror/'I TaM Ao Kpafl Ha cbcresaHr.rero,orxassaiiru ce or IIo-HararlIUHo ytlacrlre.

Ho qoeexrr e onaceH :a ce6eno4o6uus cn He caMo Ha cyrxara"tlexa na ocraBlrM pr4ropuqHara crpaHa Ha Bbnpoca u Aa Br,rAH\{ KaK-"BO e MOI"IO Aa Ce CJIyqu MelKAy HaIII'{OHaJIHI'IT0 CT'CTe3aTeJII4 IIO IIOABO-geu pu6onoe lenqo flaenoe u flparornrup !,ennupen. Pagxassa !,eun-pen: ,,TpeH[paxMe ceBepHo or Cogono.it B 3oHa, KT'Aero KoJrerara Mr.r

,6e xapnyuupa,/r HacKopo eIHa MopcKa Bpana. 3saere KaK u3ure)KAa'vrfl

- He e cpe6pucra, a npu 4uSysua aHoMaruq Ha cBerJrlruara MO-

xe Aa Btr ce croprr H l{epHa. Bax eaupr.n B oqaKBaHe, uz1upafsw 4o6-po npr.rKpr{rue. Tyraxcu B ctHKara Me)KAy ABe cKa,III{ c'rbgprlx Myrly-HaTa Ha eAHa BpaHa, KoflTo ce H3TefJIu Ha3aA H naK ce noAaAe Harro-.JroBr{Ha. Enx yeepeu B qacrJlr.tBara cpetqa rr JIeKo npu6,nuxux,3a Aa AaMno-ToqeH yAap. 6fx norpeceH B noc-neAHara ceKyHAa, qe cbM B3eJI

Ha MyirrKa cBrzrara B JIaKbrfl pibKa Ha leHqo nasros. II{rx 4a ilpocrpe-"IIflM pbKa Ha !IOBeK' pbI{a Ha IIpl{qre"Il' a Ha BCUqKOTO oTlope ---:- pTrKa.Ha upo$ecuoHa.r-reH xyAoxHr.rK. flpe4craente rH cu?" !,euupen saBbpruBa.cbc craHoBr.rurero, r{e [oABoAHuxr plr6ononeu, rpa6na 4a c"re4u 6ynHa Apyrapfl cH r.r Hr{Kora Aa FIe rMypKa s o6cera Ha opb)Kr4ero My.

Koraro 6eceAsaxlae BT,pxy cd'Iyqaq, Hue 6qxNre .(a,'Ieq or no.qo3pe-Hr4ero, KaKBo rqe nocJIeABaBeceHra na l98l r. llo npeme ua xny6rro.cbcre3aHr.re a ,Nlpanropno Mope fen,ro lrsry6u xuBora cu. A 4pyrapure'lay usry6uxa Hero - o6paseqtr Ha npLIflTeJr H cnoprcrMeH, cHHoHLI-MT.r Ha Ab,rrr H ro,'repaHTHocr. tr4 Hexa roil su npocrrz HqKor'rKoro AyMH,,Kouro ure Ao6aeilM: c 6esMepHara cu ,rrc6os KbM Mopero lesqo B,rle3e B'xou$.ruxr c HHCTTTHKTa cu 3a caMocbxpaneHue.

ExunupoerqHoro cbopsxeHr.r e 69i ($ur.I 8) unoroNparuo 6e B Kpb-'ra Ha BHUMaHnero Hr.l. To npe4craBd'rsBa HaAyBaeM nJ'Iacr\4acoBnond'raB:bK, o6arpeH B flpKr{ qBeroBe, cpeA xolrro ce .4aBa npeAfloqll-'TaHr{e Ha opaHxeBun, 6enva ll qepBeHr.rq. Maxap qe no ro3u noBoAFIIIe tO HapeKOXMe TOnKa, AT,,'IXHM Aa Or6eneXi{M, qe $Opmara My He

"e cSepuur.ra. Toil ct,sHare,'IHo e crulecKaH B ABara cu [o,'I],oca, ga A,a ceyBe,'IurIH [,'raBaeMocTTa n la ce HaMa,'II,I cT,nporr.IBJleHuero rIpI4 ABHXe-Hr.ie. Cpeirr,ar ce [onJraB:bur{, quqro KaMepa r.rMa npHAarrr nte $op-Mara Ha 3HaMe, r4Apyru, Korrro [pr.rr'rr.irrar Ha orpoMHI{ nypu. Cneronua-ra xoHse4epaqus no noABoAHa AeftHocr (KMAC) e yroqHlzJla AoJIHLITpaHr4urr 3a 3aAbJr)r(urer'rnr.rr Syfi no BpeMe Ha HffKoH BUAoBe cbcre3a-

44

Hrzq. Crrnacuo c rrx 6yrr He Mox(eAa 6r4e lo_Hr.rc:nx or I3 cM, Ar4a*Merbpr,T - 35 ciu, a o6enrtr _ O nl- "^flpor.rseex4aHr4re Hanoc,,re4bK"6yiioue

"nycbB:blllxeHcrBvgasrq cno,,,^""^ Iar nocra KoHcTpyKTLIB-::_^{,:T"p.eHcrByBaHrra. Cpeqand ;;;;'r'aur

Avrrd ^u'ulpyKrI'IB-AeJIeHlIe, xuaeroaorn ara KAMene na Eon{ :"-i :-{:y^aMepHo pasnpe-AerreH lre, K:bAero AorrHara KaMep a .. nu n"n"uu ; ot;#; ffJ;""" t

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":rra u3no,l3yBaHeTo Ha TT,I{:bK IIJIaVX.

45

flo eAnu rl,,rg Apyt c,'ryuafi 6qxa ugrtxHaTll rd'IaBHllre AocroiiUcrsaEra 6yfl. cera LrASa peA Aa Ao6aeNN{ }r ocTaHa,IIItre ILI}OCOBS OT HeroBoTg

n p 14,'lOlKeII Ue:- 6ynr c,'iIyxu LI Karo A1'r'I6oKoMeP;yKa3are'Ii e 3a nocoKaTa FIa rer{eHlleTo;

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Hrpae poJlf I4 Ha BeTpo[oKasaTer'I;roir e lrail-ea6ere)Kl4re,rlH'tlr 3HaK 3a ,^pylap' BI'I, c KoitTo ce

rMypKare, 6uno [,a He cI'I rlpeql'ITe B3aI{MHo' 6uno npu HyxAa oT

rroNlorq;xaprryHlicrrbr 3aKailBa y,'IoBa Ha 6yn, sa Aa He yBefiI4r{aBa

6anacra cr4 rr Ia He SarpyAnrBa cBollre .II,BIl>xeHI4x;

6ynr e KoHTpo.rreH r{ ycnoKorrBarq 3HaK 3a Ba[IItre 6nuzxt't, qa-

KauIH Ha 6peronara HBuUa.Ilodeo,uunm t|,u{ e HeorMeHI'IMo cr'opr'}I(eHlze 3a lMypKaqa' B:sg-

MOxHo e roft HHKOta La He norpn6na B npaKTLIKaTa BI'L HO CI'I]IO raXa

e AonycTr.rMo roft 4a e HyxeH eAr{H-eAI4HCrBeH IIbT It TOBa Aa cTpyBa xu-BOTA BH.

46

floAsoAH[re Ho)KoBe ce npor.I3BexAar c ryMeHa HJr^ ,JracrMaco'a"'xaHr4fl. flprz4rpxaqure xauru,n o6uxnoseuo ca nJIacrMacoBH, HO Hr.{eNPCIIOP6IIBAME NOAMflHATA I-IM C IYMCHH NO ABE IIPUTi],IHH: TflXHATAe,/IacrI'MHocr oclrryprBa npr.rrqraHe He3aBHcHMo or HaJIrraHero rIocBer{ roBa He 3arpyAHqBa ro.[KoBa xprnoo6pu,tlur"."o ;-*lun*"nu.

);'ia

i: Lrii

oui.rs 6 B :'

--- Hests^aolK'o e 4a ce us6posr Bi.rAoBere [oABoAHr.r Ho)KoBe no rex_HI,ITC-KOHCTPYKTI,TBHI,I OT[IVKI.I,. O6UrO B3ETO, NPCO6,TA4ANAT TC)KKI,ITEtz 4e6e,ur HolKoBe. 1o1lo ca rpuoHoo6pasHra B eAHara crpaua (Srar.lg 4. llpoasnex4uT__:u * HolKoBe

" y"rru"pcuJrrro npr.rJroxeHne. Tec,rylr{ar eAHaKBo lo6p-e H Karo-Ho)K, rpuou, orBeprKa (Sar. l9 6), uyru 6pageuuNa' flpaeu,rHo.e us6oprt al-'nuan" Br,pxy rbHr,K H ocrbpHo)K c Qopnrara

"u n1y1!O_ur. l9 ul,p"pyoa HH ce, rre ror? e uarl_no,(-x'Aflrq H sa [oABoAunn pw60noneq. Ha iitqrs rpr{Hrlr{n 6e uanyuNanNO-KI,C I4 O,IICKOTCH HOX{ OT

'ilSINUfl CBCTOBCH UJAMII'HOH TIO TIOABOACHpu6onoe Macuuo Cxapnarn.

rlonsoAHHsr Ho)K Mo)Ke Aa ce oKar{u Ha pa3fiIzrl'I4 Mecra, Ho orII{-rbT Beqe AoKa3a, qe Harl-noAxo4flulo e fiocraBflHeTo Ha noA6eApn-uara. Axo r\4ypKaqr,r e c 6yri,-iro}<"" "p"g"u au ; #";;ftrrHara

:tl31u r-ra noA6epeHr'ifl MycKy,'r , sa ra ce r43OsrHar qecr're KoHraKrric BblKeTO.

47

C noAsoAHr.rff Hox{ H3qep[BaNre exhnr.rpoBKara Ha rMypKaqa or"rrbpBa neo6xo4umocr. CrqecrByBar o6aue oule uso6pereurz.flt rl3Jru-,Sarrrtr or paMKr.rre Ha saATil>KplTeJrHOTO. oCO6eso )Ker'raHo e nprlre}Ka-BaHero sa nodeo)eru qacosHuK. Toft cturecrBeHo ce orr'rrrqaBa or o6l.rN-IIoBeHLITe xepMerllsr4paHu qacoBHlrUz. Vcrporlcrsoro uy e cro6paseHo

c'lofi aax 3a HoKrt4, Koero sHarrHTeJrHo no406pana ua6rrcgeuHnra noABOAa.

,[[,'on6oxouep,bm e J4HrepecHo H noJ[e3Ho cpeAcrno. lnaypxavrrHe ce HyxAae or MoAep H Hre erreKrp oH Hr.r 4rn6ox6r;p ";

;.; ;yp" "uu1"npeulrsHo orqr4raHe Ha roJreMr.r 4u6ouuuu. noarrrio"o i'"ruouu""a_ro Ha eBrr4Ho .crpyBarrl'fl x'Apocrarr.rqe' arnOoxornrep. C"rqir", 'rr""

npoero ycrpoficrao or err4fr uuQep6nar H OnacBaura rb crrx,reua rpr-6uqxa cbc sanoeH *!11- Brsayxlr n,p"o"u*ura';;;;;;;";oA Bb3_Aeficrnuero Ha HaJr_flraHero u ua ocro6b4enoro Mflcro Hasnzsa soAd.3a ug,quxaroD cJIV)Krr ".,*r",,"-o ;"-;;;;;^--.^ ...,.- f ___J--(I{ rpaHr.rqaTa^Mex4y BtsAyxa u BoAara.

vnqcumeJlHA fltuJ'temKa (Qu_r. 20). BCUqxz -orrHCaHH

CbcraBKr.r HaeKr'rl]rpoBKara rapa-HT'par esexruBHocTra Ha ABrXeHue ra -yao6cr-

_:111,"u rMypKaqa. Ho_nraro eAHa or rflx HflMa Synxqua Aa oxpaHsBaHeroBara c'rypHocr. Tasu npaeuora 3acraB"';ilii;fr;ri''ruopq"qa Hso6perflr cnacure,'rsara xunerxa. Ts nperbprrr peAnr{a no,4o6pe_HI'fl' Ho BHHMaHHe 3ac,'ryxaBa Haft-seqe naolnQdxauffit;;'*pu" nu70-re ro4nuu. Xu.nerxara e ycrpoeua no na.luH, xofiro He 3arpyA-HflBa ABHXeHTflTa Ha rMypKaqa. ocuosHoro

" n,tun*r", ,ao"-rennapc BbrJreAByoKr.rc H eJreKrpoHeH BpeMer.r3Mepnau lrun*ep). n".;"a""ie-peryJrr{paH cro6paeuo uaxcnmanrrara arrHes c Ao6aexa or H'KOJTKO::I{HAH. llpu npenuuaBaHe Ha ycrauoBeHoro BpeMe rafiueprr or-Bapfl aBroMarr.rqHo xoureftuepa H x',/rerKara 6rpso ;ilil;;r";COr. luypxav* 6'sa r.rgrracKaH KbM noBbpxHocrra c6c cxopocr{3^-?5 " B MuH. Kpofixara Ha xfiJrerKara e H3Mr.rcJreHa raKa, .qe 3acrpa-llrel{HflT CnoprHcT 3acTaBa Ha noBbpxHOCTra c JruIIe HaA BOAaTa.

@ur. 20

c BoAHoro Ha,'IflraHe, nopaAu Koero Ha rluSep6,tara My ce o3HaqaBaHeroBHflT arlnoc$epeu,,TaBaH". CsereulHre uuSplr yJIecHsBar na6nro-AeHI{flTa Ha tMypKaqa BbB BCtTKO OTHOUeHHe: IrSqaKBaHe, alHeq Enpecrofi B:bB BoAara sa AeHfl. tlacoeHurlure c 4o6rp na3apeH npe-cTux ca TBT,pAe cKbrrr4 u Bce oxle ocTaBaT AeflHr{aTeH rrpeAMeT B cJry,aafi wa noBpeAa. V nac, npu4o6uxa florryJrflpHocr eBrrrHrrre xepMerr.rgupalav MeTar'IHr4 KaceTKI,r, B Kor4To rMypKarIHTe IrocraBrlT naft-o6uxHoBeH qacoBHHK. Btpxy lreHrpar'rHnrr ceKyHAapHr4K ce noJrara rb

Texuurca Ha eilApKauemoi.

P!:1" onureH rMypKarr Irle sacBr.rAerer,rcrByBa, qe rexHr4qecKure cpbq_uocr, Ha rMypKa'ero He Morar 1a ce or,rageqr 6es aoofo ^..nuuunno

caMor{yBcrBr4e BcB BoAHara cpeAa. A ro ce npago6vna d;o ;;.;;;:ro cnoprr,crbr ce e Hayqufi Aa nJryBa c MacKa, rrrHopxeJr " napri"'rionoBbpxHocrra. 6t4er1nnr rnuypxav MOXe .qa ce Hacoqr{ c rflx KbMxorlro v na e rrJrvBeH crwn, xaio H3KJrroqHM Opy""o"""e;;#;;#;KpaKara. flpaxrlrxara cor{H Ioxa3arer,rcrBa, qe Kpoyabr Aana naft._roJrsMa 6tpsrzHa ra y4o6crna. g noaaoro"*uru

"u noBbpxHocrra rMyp_xallt'r 6u cneqen[Jr, aKo npr.rBr4KBa Ha n,,ryBaHe caMo c noMorqra HaKp aK ar a. Koraro rn,' yp xav'. ce p asrer,r r.{ ; ;;;;p. ";".;;,";;_"..roH ABere My prue ltle 6t,4ar saeru. C eAuara rofi lqe r.pr"n"uu-;;;;raHero rrpe3 npr.rrr.lc*_aHe Ha Hoca, a ro_KbcHo

".p;;r,i;;'nJ" ur" ..ltpliAcpxa Kt,M cKaJrH H BoAopacr,rrz; c Apyrara qe'HocH O"no *upiv"l

4B 4 MBnqaflHB[tr cnopr 49

6n.no Soro !I"TI,I KLIHoKauepa, 6vno Mpelxa sa cl6upaHe H& MI'I;{Iz, oX-JrtoB[ I,l Ap.

Ilpelri nr,pBl{re ontlrl4 3a cIIycKaHe noA BoAa rMypKaqr,r 6v rpn6'BaJro Aa nocrllrne ypaBHoBecflBaHe qpe3 6anacrgus' Ko,'IaH. To cneAea

Aa 6tAe orHoclireJ'IHo, ga Aa Mo)Ke Heyrpar'IHaTa nJlaBaeMocr Aa ce no-C,rut6eHa npecJleABasara Lt'n6OqI4Ha. llpn rOaa IIOJI6IKeHI4g c OrJIe4

Qur. 2t

Ha cbrqecTByBaqaTa BCe OilIe IIOJIOIKUTeT'IHa [J'IaBaeMocT Ha TflJIOTO

rMVOKar{T,T He Ule MO)Ke Aa HanyCI-e t.OBT,pXHOcrra' 6eg Aa noJIO}KH

H"nu*u* yci.rrr6rr. Tyx unreuuo ce cTgraB[peAABepI4eTo Ha KoMI43Dla

11 pa3or{apoBaHr]eTo, KOraTr:) TflJtOrO Crorl orfope B6IIpeKLI AO6pOCt'-

BecTHLIre ycI4JII4fl Ha HaqeBaxll4q lMypKaq'HanycraneTo Ha noBbpxHocT'ra cTaBa IIO eAI{H JIeCeH HaqL{H, no-

SHar Karo rMypKaHe c flpeKarypBaHe (vJtLl rMypKaHe c uynna)' Ha-

K6Ae e I,r3BeCTeH Karo ,;KI',ITOnO car'ot" ApylaAe - xaro ,,flarl.ua"'

io?u . rprasasoe cnoco6 (Qrar. 2l orAlcHo-Hannno)'B naqi,roro rMypKaqbr e B xopr.r3oHraJr'o rroJro)Ke'r.re, 4o6pe pas-

Au[IaH, ycnoKoeH, ct,CpeAOTOqeH' C nOlJIeA KGM AT'Horo' Plqere ca

no nporexeFlue Ha rflrbro. llpn nropara $asa rMypKaqr'r ce npel6-

BaB''KpT,cTa,apT,qeTe'|,'IaBaTaI{lpl,AHHflTKolIIceHaCoqBaTK6h[4Hroro, o6paeynaftKH npaB brbr'I c KpaKara, KOI4TO eAI'IHCTBeHI'I 34"

50

na3Bar xoprz3'HTaJrHOro c, rroJro)Ke'r.re. B rperara Qasa xpaxara e'ep_Tr4qHo ce I'I3xBbpJIflT HaA BoAara r.r 3aeMar BeprHKaJIHo fio,rox{eHr.Ie.Xe.nare"ruo e re Aa ca ycropeAHu n 4odpe H3orrHarr{. 3a 4a ce Hs6er-.1{e clE'rrpoTr4BaTa Ha IIepara npH rrorbBaHero Ha rMypKar{a, rrp6cTr{_'Te c:buro rpn6ea Aa ca Ao6pe r.{3rrr,r{arr.r no Ab,')Kr4H aia na KpaKara.o'ryx Hararr,K TflJroro ce BNr:bKBa Bbts tsoAara c JreKora ,o 6eg Aonb,I-.HflreJrrr4 yckrItLlfl cpibr{ere.,,lnaBHHar yAap,o

"oa""li"^ai' HaHacrriB Tperara $asa, xoraro H3HeceHrrre HaA floB:bpxHocrra KpaKa yBe,l,n-qaBar orHocxreJrHoTo rer,,Io Ha rfl,,Ioro H ro 4o6r ea oaprqua"n"a IIJIa_EaeMocT.C,reA llbnuOro CKptiBaHe Ha tnrypKar{a I]O,U, rroB:bpXHOCTTa ce Ha_.',rlarar Aer?crnug c KpaKara. Branroxno e .r.e Aa ce oxaxar vSJILlrJfHvr,

'aNo 6anacrbr e peryJr'paH "Ha

rexxo"- Ho ilruuu "nlpi".t"t tp"o-Ea cBoeBpeMeHHO Aa yA:bplr{H rro-Harar6u,qt4rr xoA no nepruxa,,Ia, 3a

Jra e rroAcr4rypeH c AocrarbqHo tspeMe r{ eHepfr.rfl sa nprulaHe Harope.3a sa4ono,rrrBaHe na .rlro6onuicrBoro LrJrw 3a rrocr,raHe Ha o,,pe-'re,'reHrzre ue,'rr4 rMypKar{:br e }i3[paBeH npeA Heo6xoAr.r'{ocrra Aa nJry_Ea rroA BoAara B xopr43o'Ta,rHa n,,rocKocr:. Toii caM rrle

"" y6e4", .ie'TOBa He npeAcraBrqea npo6neu 3a r{efo,-aKo.e ycBo','r xaxro rpx6-Ba fi,rryBaHero c rrepKr] Ha rroBbpxHocrra. Heo6xoar.rnro e Bce naK ABI4_

")KeHHero ra e HaLLcrLrHa BoAopatsHo' 3a Aa oKa3Ba rrocrorHHo nporHBo-.geficrnae Ha noAeMHara cnrra Ha rrr.rroro. Aoope-;-;;;;;;;rnr* ,u".C TJIABATA CA AOI]YCTHMH BC'IKAKBI,{ AtsII}I{EHHfl OCNCU Uar<PHB,IBAHCTOHa Bpara TaKa, qe yxoro Aa 3acTaHe ycnopeAHo Ha BoAHaTa noBbpx_fiOCT.

llrpnuar pea,'IeH KoHTaKT c:bc ,,cBeTa Ha M6,n,IaHLIero,, e [pa3-Tr'rqHO [pex(r'rBqBaHe 3a HOBaKa fMypKaq. HqKora o6aqe r oco-6euo npu olpeAe,'reH Tr.r[ HepBHa cncrema, Mox<e Aa ce no,lyr{H cg,,rHayfirraxa B pe3yJrrar Ha HeoqaKBarrare B'bsnp.fl':,4fl,. He e 4"Oaru"runo'cnopT'CTb' AA r'Ma Hyx(Hara reopeTrrqecKA noAroroBKa, o6tqa $uzu-'qecKa noAroroBKa, KaKro H crreqfiaJ']Ha rrJryBHo-fMypKarrecKa nbaro-"roBKa a 6acefiu. tr4nra e4Ha cBoeHpaBHa

- HeKa Aa q HapeqeM CBp:bx-€crecrBe'a no4po6uocr Ha rnrypNauero, K:bAero pa3AeJrr.{.re,rHara cre-fia MelKAy B:b3TOpra I4 y]Kaca e MHO|O r:bHKa. oco6euo aKTyar,IHa e TflB HAqAJIOTO HA TMYPKAIICCKATA KAPHCPA, A A,OPH I,I NO.K'CHO 3A BTIC-C{ATflHTEilHUTC HATYPI4 14 3A IPEACTABIITC,III,ITC HA X(CHCKH' NON. fIPr.EYAJI14BHTC CBCTOBC A QOPN,Trr, CTPAI{HATA IIfPA HA CBET,'IOCCHKI{, HE.o6uraaftuurq Aaxe M'rr.rqecKr.r pa3MepH Ha HeBHHHr.r flpeAcraBr.rre,r?r orMopcKara $ayua, 3acrparlr.rrenHoro,Tro,,IeeHe r{a BoAopac,,ILITe, rpo-xorr'T Ha HrrKofl paz1una ce BbJrHa e olndcHHq 6par - BCHTTKO TOBaMOXC BHC3AIHO AA OTKd'IIOqH CTPAXOBHfi PCSNCX'C, AA TIPCAH3BI,KAfi aHilKa c Bcrrq Klrre Hen peABr{Ae su nefr,uu [oc,rreAr4rl]t.

_ Ero sarqo rpeAn [r,pBr.rre rMypKaHr.rfl n r{epHo Mope cnoprncrr,T.6esyc.uonuo rpn6na Aa nocBeru nose 5-6,{aca Ha nnyaaue c MacKa,uHopxeJr H nepKu rro noBbpxHocrra. Msoro Ba)r{Ho e Aa ce o6xoAqrLI crseprraBar 6ucrpu ndrurqrrHn H cpeAHo 4t;r6oxu 3oHlr c npeo6,raga-Barqu cKaJrHH HarpyrrBaHus H rbcra pacrr.rre,'rnocr. flpenop:nuureJrHoe rzgBspuBaHero Ha ,'reKa loABo4na pa6ora

- pas6Hpa ce, AoKT,AerocTprIaT pbqeTe - ct'6upane Ha MuAH, UBeTHH KaMbqeTa, BOAOpaCImr.r Ap.

B'ospacmoeu epaHultp sa ei4ApKaHe

Hexa ganoqHeM c ropHara tpaHrirla, T:.fr. Karo B crpotuq cnruclbJr HaAyMara raKaBa He cr,rqecrByna. luypxaHr.rfl r.t3BbptxBar H xopa B yqyA-Baqo HafipeAuar'ra Bb3pacr. Axo ner<apcKnTe oueHKr.I He nporr4Bo-croffT Ha rrpaKTlrKyBaHero, To rMypxarrtT r{e ce nrc6yna Ha rroABoA-Hr.rs cBflT AororaBa, AoKaro y Heto clbrllecrByBaT xe,'raHHe r.r cr4J'roBH pe-cypcr.

Aaner{ no-cr'ro)KeH H nHTepecen e Btnpocr,T c AodrHara Bb3pacro-Ba rpaHr.rqa. B uxo.nure no tMypKaHe,cbrqecrByBaqr{ B Aocra crpaHxrAo saHlrMaHHq ce AonycKar Jrzqa, HaBt'ptxr.rJrr.{ l4 ro4uHl.r. B Heo$r.r*IruaJruara npaKTHKa o6a.{e 3arrecrn MacoBoro cHHxaBaHe Ha rpaHr4rra-ra. B 6onulrHcrsoro cryqau r.rHuqr{arr.rBara nplrHaAJrexr.r Ha poAr.r-TeJrIr rMypKaq[,ropqu].r or >KeJraHue rrac no-cKopo Aa ,,[peAaAaT 3aHafl:Ta" Ha cBolrre Aerra. Onpan4auo JrH e roBa Herr,pneHue r.r He ce Jrr{IIOCTaBST IIOA 3anJiaxa 3ApaBeTo LI Aopl.I ]KI,lBorT,r Ha noApacrBalqnre?'

Bcuqxn 3HaeM, qe aBcrpar'rnriqu'le nr,pBu 3allorlHaxa Aa yrlar cBoH-Te AeUa Aa Ce AT'p)KaT BT,pxy BOAara ollle Ha [ecrCeAMLIqHa BbgpacT-Ha6rux<asailxn eAua roAHHa, ,4erero r43HeHaABar{o 6usa xBbpJreuos HeArn6ox 6aceiiu, TaKa KaKTo e c Apexr.rre. B roq Mr.rr 3a aBcrpaJrrre-ua HflMa ,4pyra [o-roJrflMa pa.qocr or Tafl, La BV,.V, rre To ce cnpaBf cnoJro)KeHr.rero 6es Hrq.vrr noMorrr.

Ha6.nruAesuqra B [oc,re.4Hr.rre Aecer roAr.rHr.r cor{ar, qe Koraro noA-IOTOBKaTa Ce BOAH OT poAr.rTe,rf , AeUara nO npz HrIr{[ 3anOqBaT Aa rrJry*Bar, npeArr oqeAaca HaBbpur4,ru 3 roAasv.3a 6t'Aeqr.rre rMypKarrruqerBbprara roA,r4Ha ce o6pnua Ha aAanrr4paHe c noABoAHara cpeAa -rroTalsHr.rfl H no,lyrMypKaHr.rfl noA HenocpeAcrBen KoHrpo,'I lt 6es,BcflKaKBa eKunupoBKa. KonNoro Ao rMypKaHe B LTcTHHCKHfl cMrlcbJr'HaBbpruBaHero Ha 5 roAnHu ce coq?r Karo eAHo rroAxoAflrI],o HaIIa./Io-Paslupa ce, ryK c 4nofiua cu,'ra urpae po,'rfl rrpeABapr.ire,rlHara rroA-roToBKa c MacKa, IilHopxeJI lI MI,IH14IIepKIl.

Cr4eiicreynarq Qaxrop B rpeAny6epreruara B63pacr e, qe [ap-crBoTo Ha JIereHAr.ITe, npI{Ka3Kr{Te II cI4,'IHoro a:so6paxeuue ce cb-rrtTcrByBa or ,'runcara Ha rryBcrBo 3a orracHocr. PoAurensr tMypKaqTT,pIeJILIBO MOXe Aa Cneqe,'rl4 AoBepLIeTO Ha AeTeTO B HOBOTO HaqHHa-HIze. llrpnuflr ypoK rpa6na Aa 3arroqHe Ha qr.rcro 4ruo (ea npeAflo-'qrdraHe e-6acefiH) c Ar.[6o.rrHa 1 4o 1,5 m. I{e.rrecro6pa3Ha yJroBKaMolKe A,a 6rAe rrp:bK no rrBflT npeAMer, nocraBeH Ha AbHoro or poAfirerq.'CneA Karo caMuflr rofi ce rMypHe rl ro Ir3Ba.{H Ha rroBT,pxHocrra,npeAMelbr orHoBo 3aeMa Mflcroro cr4 Ha A:bHoro. Cera HacrrrrBa pe-uruTe,'rHuqr MoMeHT npe.4,Lr xoiiro ,,y.{HTe,rfr" rpn6na ,qa B:bBeAe ,,yqe-HHKa". g cnoKofiuoro pa3ALtIIBaHe rr B r.r3paBHqBane Ha MnH?rMaJIHororHa,'rfiraHe rrpe3 npelJrbulaHe. llo npaeu,'ro ycnex'br e ueug6e>xen.

Ho roea He 3HaqH, qe poAureJrflr He rpa6ea Aa eJrr.rMrlHapa BHuMa--Te,'IHo npeArlocraBKuTe ga HecnoJIyKa. Vva nu raKLrBa, Aerero Mo)Ke4a npu4o6r.re KoMn,'reKc r{ Aa orKa3Ba Bp:btqaHe KT,M eKcnepIlMeHTaB rrpoAT,,'rx{eHrre Ha roAasu. Tana Hanp}iMep ctBceM HenoAxoArru\o e

""{opa Aa ce HaMeKBa, qe rMypKaHero e 4eiicrB[e, Koero r{3r.rcKBa BHH-MaHrze, qe cbqecrByBar HqKoIi onacHocrlr u np. Tona e eran or rre-Aarornr{ecKara [porpaMa 3a BpeMero na ny6eprera. floHqxora flpurru-HIITe I4MaT CTpaHAqeH XapaKTep: ilpUCT,CTBL{e Ha BOAa B MaCKaTa, [pe-Mr.rHaBaHe noA [oBT,pxHocrra Ha Apytri rMypKaq[, cKoKoBe B:bB BoAa-'ra Ha n,'IyBrIr{, MaKap H B orAa,'reqeuua xpaii Ha 6acefiua r{ T. H. Ho ornari-ronsuo 3HaqeHHe e paBHocMerKara Ha poAr4Te,'rrr 3a ncuxtlqecKoro,cibcrosHue Ha Aerero. Axo uanpexeHLrero e npeKoMepHo r{ rrMa flcnoH3pa3er{ crpax, orrr4Tbl lpn6ea Aa ce or,'io)Klr.

Mgoro qecro KoMnalrrflTa H Ha Apyrr{ Snuzxu r{J'ru q,TeHoBe Ha ce-"Meficreoro Mo>l<e Aa Brrece Aonr,JrH[re.rHa yBepeHocr y 4e6nranra.'Oco6ego ua 6par H,'rH cecrpa, Ha[paBH,IIH cBofl ,,npoul:onarHLIN". ,t[,o'TyK

,crb3Harer'IHo ynorpe6ssaxN{e repMuHa ,,po,[,r4T€,rr", 6es 4a AaBaMenpHopHrer Ha rrorrra. t{y,4ecno e, aKo r4 ABaMara no4nr o6yueHrlero ga-,eAHo, Ho axo uarlxaraHeyMeeAacerl{ypKa, ronpucbcrBnero il xaronJryBeu qe 6r4e B n,'rrcc.

C,ne4 ntpeufl yc[ex yBreqeH[ero Ha Ma,'rqyraHa npecKar{a Bcnq-Ku or{aKBaHH rpaHlrqu. lonqN{oro Bt3uatpaxAeHr,re 3a Hero ce r.r3pa-'ss,sa uaia-ser{e B eHrycrra3Ma Ha pa3Ka3Hre. HeyAt,p}KrrMH craBar H'HacroflBaHrlrra 3a npoHHKBaHe nce no-4r,r6oKo r{ no-Ar"n6oxo. B or-roBop poAlrreJrflr rpn6na Aa Har'rolKrz xr.rrpoyMHa .{eecKaJrarlufl, KoqroMelKAy ApyroTo e B c'borBeTcrBHe c HopMa,rrHr.rtr KarrarlHTer Ha AeTeTo:,,Ttl n1e rMypKarx Ha roJIKoBa MeTpH, Ha Ko,,IKoro cn ro4uuu!" PamKa-'Ta 3Byr{[ y6e4ure,uHo v MailKv.s,r tMypKaq q npr4eiua Karo Henr{caHBaKoH. I,l e4HonpenaeHHo cJ'reABaqr.{flr po)KAeH AeH e oqaKBaH c raKaBa,rpaAocr, qe ce lpeBpr,xla B Heo6urHoeeH ABoeH r]pa3Hr.rK.

52

53

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;rnn"'i" *o""a*,u cbc cnet',a,uc'i, xa*ro ,,, ny6n,xa*Lir. {:'Ifi 6"ff""ff; li''i,:3f}l"fi,A,i,fT"'T"XX1?tt^lrt i;#ii#:Ha ,3BeCTHti EMeHa OT CnOplFO-MeanIILrECkIrTe Cpe'[r, aoKa3BaT, qenoHe nocera ne e usuecren

"iro eau" ,"u,a.", "iiiioi#i-""*'-u ,u- I?T;#;H""3iliii:r# ;:"L::.u"i",iJ"",1,;ff#rxifflffil:reua -rvypx€qx or rexxu 6,'rr3xr. Bce naK o6qoro vleHxe e, :.-",:::j:-,--;;.-.'

woAc wv{abado !p! uaJrxqle! u r rirepeca Ha ny6nuxara cnpsMo npocBlr no ret<a arrer[(a, 6ac-I:,i T"ffi-j::::,1," ":nT::.^ci:f3^T.i*I:1" 'u poain'*' ""ip- , rer6o,, Bo,refi6or, nnvsa'e x ap. rr aop' npuopurer 'a 'xeHc,.a*qara rrecro e npnqx'a ea yrunr nurbexqru n e np"u*a s" npo"ui,"u""_ , -"fi"";r#lr:,ffi;;"""H;ji;;;d; cnopr e ra,rreq or crroMe-

_,e * q a:"' iz 1"r"", ;;;;;";;';iln";;; ##"T;;;p:,#;":: *

f_Tltililitu o,"o"oo,', ou "

Kpar6,., 6"" '.o,re6a'

e rqe KaxeM:T. e. ro He rps6Ba Ia 6cAe r3nyc(aHo or o,{8,-C".;;";#"^"#".;"J;""#;;; i#:qTil; ,oxe aa ce ycralloBrn ' B pasrriqHera Me,<av MbxKara n xeHcKara ncnxuxa Aprvn'reHr|Ire

$"1xxi'i^:i"t:*:i"*;l*:{::i:,-.'::^:lr-:lii.:, r!rei"r'' i#:::T:t#Ti#;'#;:'fi'ii:i:"'""9 ?,""?J"-H#i"x'?: ;i'H;

Kallero, a no-cKopo 3a xeJraHr4ero Aa 6b.4,e c,IIeABaH naprHbopbr B He-r-oBHTe npuyMr.ilIH.

He loAueHgBalvre I,I aHaroMl4qHure pa3rl,rquq, Maxap qe rio orHo-IxeIHe Ha rMypKaHero rsxHara po4l le e ofipeAed']flula. xl43HeHuqrxafiauprrer r{a )KeHara e c oKod'ro 30% no-nucbK or To3r.I Ha M|b}Ka,

qecKrre ' nerarorrqecxure npo6,,re'r, r,por3rnqaqu or uHAr.rBnny- il,,r,"irf;""rTil;:";;",i;&""#l#"in""'"*u"

"oo"""u n,rracroBe B63Mox-

i1ill",p"":f#**i"1t: l:T::;,::: .:::.:1-:".:lperen- crvuai npeueir Hocrrre Ha aBara norra B,aHMo ce pa3aar'reqaBar.ftara lta poAure* ue e no-rerua or xaxnar,o u 1a 6u,ro cx6va na o6yre- ""'i"npff";1"': ;#""";1ff'6"u; 'o'#yprr"u"o Ka3aHo, BoAHara

'xe. Bnpo,reM or caMo ce6e cr ce pa36xpa, qe

'poaurea ruypxau* ie e noBbpxrrocr e Bpara KBM Bpax(ne6Har" ne"r,""uar*o"r. Axo ngrofi uc_cavo qoBeK. Koiro 3Hae ta ce rvypha, a I nojHaBaq Ha'oclrosxureflpaBgna B TeopeTlrl\o-nDaxTtqecxu acnex.r. lrll ce Ha Harpynaxu ryxr onnr, rofi nonyqaBa npeqynpe44efixe 3aLBeTOBHtnI onMT VOMe Aa xJBele c,bape\reHHfi, po,!rte,l v Hac

^ cepxo3Hn rpynaocrx. xoxro vy npeacrorr Aa npeoAoaee. Tpa6aa aaEa no-EanpenxnqaBr,r noguull.{ no orHorueHHe Ha rrrvpxanero. pi,rocr_ce c6rJracl,tM, qe Ta3I,I xaqarEa roqxa lle e rptMaMKa 3a xegcxata

'[ar llorot Haqnx A Hu]'ia cre noonvcx',ru na BIr.4I'tre rpynt 01 5 '-_' ji,lo"r",q"u" or lpy",rrta na speuue. BaxaxquorHurr nepro,Il0 Aeua, xolrro ,6e3x ontpo, no .uypxar npes rrgTmo rro rtrJrmo Htr r, d r;ua6um^ e.ra,cgue wi+rnnarn_tloro no utrl('ro Hti or(r,cBa Ba xpari{o Bpeve xenara m y,le6umo 3anenexre, Mecropa6o-xpai6pex}e?H'MaMenpaBolaiaarro11uleK,bvTo3HHaqfiHHa

:r:g:gy-::ll: rcrpau, oi *u*"",J u aiiuno ;.;;";;;;;6_": l,l,,,lT,fixjxl{1,1"1j".1T""i-'i;Jr.yx;ist"T':::l:;,*: ffl,*:B rasn'Hacoxa uoi"uro no,o*""u" "";;";U*;"riild;'i c;;;;_ ;4,i"X""i,[1,",i",T"1il?":"X:""X:iii," #;fT;l,"Ji+T"i"#X?ili:9tl:::: il:l:"":l:-'.:::"^-"i1:-'.!,.q1i'ir no nr'uoro ca varxe- rer'r., eaBeae'ne. . . A,.o Bcr.rqKo roBa 66ne noAMeHeHo c npoa'b.rrxr-TrqHara cfi,ra 3a MarqyraHHTe fi crapaH{nq rpaA, Karo c€ ,3r.orro.r-

^,:,^^,,^ --^.^_^-:-_^_..-_- retlHol, pexrilfro u,{o,r} BaHe B eAHa rpyaHa nrcul{n,ll|Ha, Bt3MoxHOBar B'3paxe'rrra olHocHo cavonorroroBxara. ae,renrero cosu, ue ;til:;,Jr;i;;""ffi;',#h"r;; .#Jfu,r. a"*" ,, a c,ryqar{re Ha.IIereIo e cxtloHHo r, fiarapeHo na rvvpxa oTpaHo. Ocraaa oa:yrvno, no I "rrrr"o"

He Moxe orue Aa ce rosopfl 3a npenpalnonoxeHne Kbv rAryp-t. peuJ'rerHo 4a uy no4areu pr,r,a. .".lljji""- 1"^"lY.1i:"lf j:-:.1'"::P:""?:y: ^-

KO0TO B,III{fle eAI{HCTB€HO BT,pxy npOAT,'IX{I.ITeJIHocTra Ha anHeflTa. f{efi-HOTO CT,pUe e C nO-MaJrbK O6eM, OT KOeTO nT,K C,rre4Ba,qe Tfl He UIe MO-

xe Aa ce noA,rrara Ha cbrrlrrre ycrlJrufl KaTo cBofl naprHbop. flo-yc-KOpeHr.{sT rryJrc Ha )KeHaTa AaBa TeopeTrrr{ecKr4fl rr3BoA, qe 3aAbxBa-r{ero r.r yMopara ule HacrbrrBaT no-6:bp3o. PagrneA,asr.{ KaTo rlfl,'ro, aHa-ToMr.rqHure pa3ruqr.rfl He nperpaxAar II6rq Ha )KeHara K:bM MopcKoroA'[,HO, a CaMO nOACKa3BaT rrO-OrpaHLIqeHI4Te qenll Ha O6yUeHUerO.

PagrnexAaueTo Ha npo6.leiua or ,,MT,xKa no3r4qtlfl" He rpn6aaAa ce oTT,xAecTBflBa c IIOKpOBL{Te,'ICTBeHHg rOH. HarpOTr.Its, npeMr4HaBa-Hero Ha rrcuxuqecKara 6apuepa e 3aAib,'IX(eHI4e Ha M'blKa tMypKar{,aKo: roil e y6e4eu, qe [aprHbopKara My IIMa Bb3MoxHocrll 3a ro3LIcrropr. Or.ruqga [peArrocraBKa e ylpa)KnnBal{ero or Hen Ha ApyrucrroproBe. Te mexgynpeMeHHo ca noAcr{ryplz,'Iir y x(eHara Naxro Qu-3r.rqecKa KoHAHur4fl, TaKa I{ rr,fi ueo6xoAr{Mara 3a rNtypKaqa c[oprr{aBOJIfi.

Koraro ['bpBara ycflerrrHa KpaqKa e HanpaBeHa, T. e. x{eHara e

AaJra cBoero noTBr,plKAeHne, o6yuanaquqr rMypKav rpa6ea Aa ce cb-o6pazu c HflKou rr'HKocru.

Ha n:spno ${flcro rrocraBflilre ML{IIHNIadlHHTe FIopN{arrrauu [enu.llporpar,rara na o6yueuue ce Hy)KAae or A't,lrocpoqHocr ll MolKe l,a o6-xBaHe 3-4 nera, BKJrroqured'IHo n rpeHHpoexu n SaceilH npe3 ocrat{a-JIrIre ce3oHlr. Tenrnoro Ha pa3Burrle He 6uea Aa ce 3a.qr,p)Ka caMo Ba-paAr.r nplrHrrrrfia, ar(o ]KeHara HBHeHaAa c 6r'psunara Ha ycBortsaHe.

Bropo rro BaxHocr ycJIoBI4e e rbprre/'Ilrnutrr noAXoA. VcraHoeeHoe, qe Irr,pBHTe orrr{TLI BT,pBflT no ctL'IHo HaqyneHa nv+vtt. Hanpe4t-KT,T rrecro e[oc,'reABaHorsac'roii H.40pH or perpecHBsu cTonxu. Tr,H-KaTa qyBcrBpITeJIHocr lla rapTHbopKara Hailata lI3K,'IOqnre,'IIIo, tloq-rra exauru6pllcrr.{qHo orHo[Ieuue or Mb)Ka, xoiiro e 3aA'b"r1]KeFI Ia Aefi-cTByBa no AI1IaloHa,'Ia MexAy lleAalorllqc(:Ka'l'?r 83l.{cKa'l'e,'lL{oc'f I'l c't'-o6pasure.tuara orcr:brlqueocr.He e o6lrAIto npl'Ir'Ialallero ts c"Iyr{?ff Ha

HqKor.r noxBarll, npenopbr{anu npH rpeHI4poBKHre c Aetra' E4nu orrqx o6aqe e HeorMeHI4M: HI4Kora )Kerrara He rpx6na Aa ocratsa H3BT,H

o6xptxeHmero Ha crtoco6eH rMypKar{.Ha [oc,IIeAHo Mscro e rpilx{,'IuBuflT noA6op }ia eKunl{poBl(ara.

llepNu, Kouro crflrar xo1nrara, MacKa, Koqro IlpureclltlBa ,{lIqeTo,IXHOpXe,'r C rBr,pAe OSemeH MyHAIqyK - roBa ca HeAonycrl'{MI',t KoMnpo-Mr4cr,r B [oAroroBKara. Or roJIflMo 3r]aqeHue e y4o6c'leolo Ha MacKara[peA Br4lL4T'JIlaTa KOCa Ha )KeHaTa. He e g,'Ie Aa ce 3Hae cT,Iqo' r{e TfiTpyAHO npHBHKBa KT'M AI'IUaHerO C yc',ra. ,rll'tlcara Ha npocrpaHcrBoH Br,3Ayx or{oJIO HefiHHq Hoc il 4elicrByBa yrHerqBaulo.

'II,a npe4no.nox(HM, qe BcItqKo ce pa3BilBa ao6pe. Xesara e oBna-

AflJIa OCHOBHHTe Cp',br{HOCTI{, He H3nUrBa crpax or rMypKaHe ao 5-6 rvr.

Heulo rroBeqe rs. 3arlor{Ba Aa orKpHBa npeJIecrIITe Ha MopcKo'

56

TOAI,HO' OT KO€TO Ce IIOpa)K4,aT HOBL TeMaTI'lqHI{ HaCOKH BT'B BaKaH-

ulroHHoro exeAHeBHe. Ts e cleqe"IeHa 3a fMypKaqecKza cnopr. llo-tpeuHo LIle e, aKo or MT,t{a nocrllfHaroTo ce [pueMe sa QunanHa roil-Ka Ha yatrLlfl,Ta nay. or eAHa. crpaHa, cHI{3xoAHTe,'lHI4 OIIeHKH KarO:

,,ToBa e rrpeAocrar:btlHo 3a te6!" ,uotat Aa BT,3craHoBqr HqKolt Aelpe-crrBHH CT,CTOflHHfl y )KeHara. or 4pyra r,IIeA,Ha roqKa 6t4eu1oro napr-HbopcrBo r,r3ricKBa orHocHTe,llHo H3paBHflBaHe iIa BA'3MOXFIOCTI'ITe.

He e Hsx,'IrcqeHo MT,xr,T Aa ce HyxAae or Hefiuara [oAKpeIIa n rl rpa6-tsa Aa e B cr,cronHl4e Aa fl oKalKe. B xpan Ha lrepuoAa AocruraHero Ha

l0 u gu6or{uHa He ure e Henocrlrx{tlMo 3a x{eHara cnoprucrra. flo-Bb3pacTHIlTe lMypKaqI4 cli crloMt{fl'r 3a xpI'IflTe,'IcKoro orHolxeHHexrnr Etnrapuq Ha vralrv.aHKara Lx<y,ruaua Tpe,lauu. Tq noqilHanpr{ aBroMo6unna xaracrpoSa npeAl{ HqKo,rIKo loAl{HlI B 3eHura Ha

clIJIuTe cl,l, cr'IeA KaTo npeoAod'lflBa[Ie At,n6o'{uHa or 45 n'r'

OcaeH qyAecara I{a IIoABoAHI{tl cBflT, ocBen np}Inoca 3a rcuxo-$usizuecNoro c:bcroflHue tMypKaHero xle AoHece Ha x{eHara }I ApyrarroJl3a, I{enoA.[e)Karra Ha oqeHqnaue. flopax{Aa ce HoB B3aI4MeH HH-

repec Me>KAy ilaprHbopnte, xofito e cnoiixa Ha orliotueunsra url1. Mo-peTo e Her.i3r{epnaelilo u HflMa HIrIqo no-xy6aeo or pa3roBopl'ire 3a

uero.Hznra rpt6na Aa ce npeHe6perra Heulo, Koero ililKola He oMpr,3Ba.

Xpanene Ha e,M!/pKaqs

flo.qso4uara aKTr{BHocr nocraBfl r{oBeuKoro rl J'Io rioA e's:4eiicre uer 6r

Ha pasruqHu $axropu: ilo-ro,{eMu $n:uuecxw ycvrv.fl, [o-ro"rlqM^OTAeJIflHe Ha TO[r'iHHa' nO-lO,IIfl&IO Ha,lqlaHe I{a OKO"IHaTa CpeAa H [O-'foJrfiM0 rrcHxllqecKo Hanpex(eHne. BcexH eALIH or re:u {:axropu, "qop[.aKo ce paSld'IexrAa l{3o,IupaH, H3I4CI(tsa OT qOBeIiIKOTO TflJIO yCllrll.tl ,

KOI{TO Ca HaA HOpMa,'lHI{Te.Bcuqxu cMe sa6eJissa,Tu KaK c,leA o6u;rso xpaHeHe Haulrre peaKIII{[

,ca qyBcTB[Te,'IHO HaMa,'leHII I,l KO,TIKO HenpLIfTHa HH Ce Cl'pyBa ECq-

Ka aKTlrBHocr, KoflTo e HaA l{opMar'IHara 3a Hac. 3a6e,rgganu cMe c'b-UIO KOJIKO TpyAHO Ce u3Il't','IllfBa HflKaKBa SAnaqa, I'{31'ICKBaU{a no-lO-,r'IgMa KoHrreHTpaql.rfl Ha BHi{MaH[ero. Bcuqno roBa Mo)Ke ,4a ce o6qcHI{,.OT EAHA CTPAHA, C IO-IO.iIEMl{fl NPHTOK HA KPbB KT'M XPAHOCM14,IIATCJI'

HHrr rpaKT, a or Apyra, c npoNleHu Ha HepBI{o-MycKy,'IHa'ra aK'II'IBHOCT.'Tyx ce Br.r)KAa Ko,tKo e Bax(Ho noBeAeHI,Iero HU Ha Macara B rlacoBe,

Kor{'ro npe4ilecrByBar rMypKauero. Tpr6Ba Aa ce HMa rlpeA BHA, r{e

lraToBapBaHr4flTa Ha opIaHI{3Ma, cBt,p3aHI,I C XpaHOCMHJIaHeTO, Ca rIoA

npgKoTo B,'IH'HHe Ha xpaHI,lre,'IHI4Te BeqecrBa u flo-cfiequa.IlHo Ha'TflXHOTO KOJTHqeCTBO I,I CtAT'pX{aHIle.

57

FT

U{o ce orHacs Ao BHAa Ha xpaHrrre, ule 6lAe Heo6xo4uuo Aa ce'H3-6qrsar BczqKr.{ oHe3r.i, Kor4ro ca rpy.u,Ho cMr.f.iraeMr.r. I4t6opnr He rpt6-Ba Aa fia4a v BT,pxy xpaHrrTed'rHr.r [poAyKTI4, Kor.rTO, MaKap rre ca cBVCOKa KaJIOpHqHOCT, ti3trCKBaT A:b,'IIO Bpelue 3a ycBoflBaHe *I,,[poq'BflBaHe" Ha Ka,'Iopur,rre. MuosuHa uMar cKJlou]rocr Aa noAror-BflT MeHroro cr4 cnopeA Ka,'ropl.rr{HuTe ra6nu\u. Ha rgx HeKa .qa o6rsp*HeM BHHMaHHe, r{e eHepro3ary6ara npw uHreH3HBHa noABoAHa 4efinocr.HapacrBa ao 4000-5000 xH,roxaJropltvr, AoKaro 3a noAAbpx{aHe Hnxr.r3HeHara Aefisocr B xbJreH noxoft Ha opraHrzsnra ca Heo6xoAtiMr4 ca*rr,to I 500 KH,YroKa,Yropnrr.

ANo ruypNaqr,r se e BrsB BaKaHrIrroHeH rrepuoA r.rJru noAtorBure-,'reH Jrarep-c6op, a My [peAcror4 r4HrIHAeHTHo n:bryBane AO Mopero,,rofi e saA:brxeH Aa HaroAlr MeHnro cr{ oilIe B npeAruecrByBarrl}rfl rMyp-Kalrero Aeu. Ko,ruqecrBoro rpn6ea Ma,rKo Aa ce orpaHlz".tv H Aa ce or*6qrear rrr,pxeHri xpaHrz.

B Aeus Ha rMypKar{erc saKycKara ce [pr4eMa noHe 2 qaca npeAwB,'II.r3aHe BT,B Borxara. B ct4:opxaHrzero ir ivorar Aa ce BK,'IrcrIar cyxn6ucxsuru 6es xperuoa nb,'rHelK Hr'rH t,'ra3ypa, lpe[eqeHlr Su.unfixu,xna6, iuac,ro, I,reA (u.nu iuapuena4), e4Ho npqcHo rifiqe, napbno 2-JMrluyru, c,ra6 qaii u eBei{ryaJrHo napqe cupeHe.

Axo c.reAo6eA He ce npoeKrupa tNrypKaHe, r{e ce Ha,'rarar HflKaK-Bt4 H3BfbHpeAHlr otpaHr4rreHr.rs u o6xp,a. Ho aro raxo\Ba ce npeABI{x{-Aa, r.rHrepBa,'r'bT MexA,v xpaHeHero H noBTopHoro rMypKane rpx6naAa ce yBeJrnrru Io 3 qaca. flpenoprvureJrHo e BapeHo re,'rerfiKo r.rJrurru,'reuKo Meco, KaKro a BapeHa plr6a. BapeHara xapHHrypa (opras,xapro$u, MaKapoFrra, xyc-xyc) ue rpa6na Aa e c MHOro Nra3eH coc.Or ca.rarrrre Ha BCeKa ueHa rqe ornaAHarrypiuriure, a c.btrlo ilpecHurer(pacraBarln, qyutKr{ u JryK. B ,rHcrara Ha n"ryo4oBere He 6usa Aa ceAorrycKar !r4lF,u tr nrbrrelxn. ocraua"tplre e 4o6pe Ia ce KoFrcyMr4paTo6eneuu. Or irarurxr.rre rrpeAr.iNrcrBo 3acJry]KaBa Mr4HeparxHara He-ra3upaHa rola. CellxHaJrure ga o6ngvar c qarrra Br,rr{o r{,rr4 6upa tpxl-Ba Aa ce orKalKar or roBa yAoBo,'rcrBue. Xpanara Ha rMypKarra ce Hyx-Aae or 6oraro Br4Tar\!uHogno ctAtbp)KaHue. ANo B AaAeH MoMeHT MeHroroe 6eAuo Ha Br4Tat\tI4liu, ,rHncara HM t\Iox{e Aa ce gantJlgu qpe3 noeMa-Hero HM Ha xanqera. Aosara Ha Br.rraMHH C sa ruypxaqa e AHeBHo100 nrr, Ho rro Eper,ne Ha cbcre3aHr4fl nro>Ne Aa ce rroKaqr.r rxo 400 ur-Or snraMtlH B gneeno ca HyxHH 3 ur, a B c:bcre3areJreH r]epnoA -*l0 nrr.

Tepnaycr,r c ronJra FrantrrKa e o6uqaeu rocr B cfioprHr.rfl cax HarMypKar{a. O6uxsoneilo rofi e sape4eu c uarl, 6}rnxoe qaft, xaxao nluxa$e. Haxor'rKo t,'rbrKu ro[,ra reqHocr r.rABa MHoto 4o6pe, oco6esoaKo ca npr.rApylr{eHrr or 6HcxeHTa c MeA n,'ru ilapqe uoKoJraA. AnaTyK CraBa Ayx,ia 3a Bpe&{eTo HenocpeAcTBeHo c,'reA npr.tKJrroqBaHe Ha

5B

rMypKauero. AeaHcosoro LIM npl{eMaHe nt's6yx4a H3JIHIIHo HepB-Hara clrcreMa, a qecro npeAII3BI{KBa 14 KltcedrLIHLI B croMaxa. flpu noa-Ba Ha BbJrHeHLre r4Jr[ [p]r npexoA c JIoAKa laAeHero ce ycLIJIBa Ir 3aHI4'Malilrero IIIe 6rAe HarrT,JIHo KOM[pOMeTHpauo. fIo4O6eH C6ser MOX<e"

Aa ce orrrpaBrl H Kr,M nyuaqnre. flpexouepHara ynorpe6a Ha rlorloH,.npeArr rMypr(aHe (r.r oco6euo Ha r!'IaAeH crouax) npoBoKllpa orAeJlflHe-TO HA XI4CCJII,iHI-I.

Or NasaHoro Aoryx Mo)Ke Aa ce HanpaBLI saK"rtrcqeHlle, qe tMypKa-'qeCKUqT CIIOpT He I43I,ICKBa i,I3K,'IIOqKTeJIHLI )KepTBLI IIO OTHO[eHI4e pe-)KHMa 3a XpaHeHe. Ha npaxrara ce Ha,rara noBeqe BHI4MaHLIe KlbM TO-'Ba,KOeTO npHeMa CTOMaXT,T, KaKTO U I'ISBeCTHO OTKrriOHeHtle Or npIa4O6U-THTC HAB]1IIU.

3a onpe4e.neHa Kareropur rMypKaqiz rroxe,'raHufiTa 3a BT,3AT,p-

x{aHe napaAoKca,lHo ce B}rAoI,r3MeHqr B llo}KeJlaHl,tfl 33 yBe"III,IqeHa

.KOHCyMaTIHX. B npr.rqeJra Ha BH[MaHHero ca Br.rcoKopa3pe.q]rHre cnop-Tr4crr.r, Koraro ca B ycJroBufl.Ta Ha ycuJreHa rroAroroBKa. llpo4t.nx<u-TeJIHr4re npecror{ rroA Ha,'rflraHe r{ rcuxo-Qusnuecxure HaroBapBaIlI4EBoAsr.Ao sBHo H3pa3eHr.r BKycoBH npoN4eHH. llpe4nouimaHr.{ero r.ih,{ JIstaBt'pXy I,TOAOBIITe I'l M,{eqHH COKOBe, 3e,'IeHqyIIE H fl,'lOAOBe, 3a CMeTKaHa MecHrire rr recreHr.rre xpaHr.r. Orcna6nairero Ha BKycoBara qyBcrBI4'TeJIHocr e Ao H3BecrHa creneH 6e1a, r:,il Karo ce HapyuaBa cborHo[Ie-Hl,rero B noeMaHHTe Ko,'rllqecrea 6e,'IrbquHl4, NIa3HUHII II Bbr,'IexuApa--'rw.

'Xueueua u peitcuil Ha awApKaqa

XurHenara Ha ri\,rypKarla 3arrorlBa Aocra orAa,req. Or MHoro rp]4]I{r4 ceiryx4ae HeroBara eKrrnupoBKa. Eaucr<nqr Kocrrot\I tt qex,'Ir4Te H3HcK-Bar exeAHeBHo, a xan,'Ir4r4re u KbpnHTe - neprroAr.rrrHo npaHe c 4o6an-lr.a' Ha [oAxo.4srr],o 4esuHSexquoHHo cpeAcreo. Macxara, [IHopxeJr:br,.NCPKHTE H HCONPEHOBII'IT KOCTIOM C:bUIO CC HYXAAflT OT H3MIIBAHC CJIEAynorpe6a. IlocraeqHero rzM B cnoprHr.rfl cax rpxdna Aa crane cJreAn:bJrHo'ro I{M [oAcyuaBaHe. Croprx<eHIaRra, Kotiro ca B KOHTaKT cycrara, noAJlex{ar ua 4esuH$eNqux..rlecro

rMypKaqzre npeue6perear re3r.r rlsHcKBaHHtr ttpr.r MopcKr{-Te yc,'IoBLrs, oc,ranailxrE ce Ha qyAorBopHoro Aeficrsile Ha cJr:bHqeBHTgJIbrIH. Ho rpeuupoBKxre e 6aceilH, Kor.rro o6xnaular y Hac sHaqure,'r-Ho rio-roJreMr{s nepr4oA or toAr.rHara,6u't-pa6sato .{a HsK,'r}oqar BCflKa.ue6pexHocr.

59

'lnnypxautr e 3acrpameH rJIaBHo or MI'IKo3LI - pa3JiI'{qHI'Ire BI'{-

.noee pT,6LIqXU, tt'ft Karo Had'IllqueTo Ha [ocToflHHa B,'Iara I'I TO1JII'IHa.e nor<prutrare 6aceftHl.{ 6,laronpuarcrByBa 3a rflxHoro pasnHrue. BK0pr4Aopr{, II0A Ayll]oBe I{ ApylaAe 6u 6uno Ao6pe-Aa ce u36qlBa BcI{q-

KO, Koero e or AbpBo Ltilr4 or IL'leTeHa Marepl]fl. Ho axo raKaBa Me6e-

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HO Ce CTepH,llIr3IrpaT. t{ex,rn oT At,pBo H,'ltil llopecTa n"IacTI',IKa rpn6eaAa ce r.r36qrBar.

Cexroprzre cAe3HHQeKIruoHHI{ BeillecrBa, KaKTo u npeABapI'ITe!.I-

HLIflT .4yIrI, HepflAKO Ce IIOAMHHaBaT OT rIOCeTIiTed'IHTe. Tosa e HeKopeKT-

Ha nporrBa, cpeiqy Koflro rMypKaqT,r e 3a,4b,ilxeH Aa He cToI{ 6esyua-.C'ICH. HCI'I3MI{TI,ITC TC,'IA OT''IAIAT BT,B BOAHATA CPCAA CEPI4'I BCIIlECTBA'

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3a6o,tqeaHLIlra or tt,6tlqKLI ce,IIoKaJII'I3I'Ipar npeAi'{MHo Mex{Ay

np:bcTl'{Te Ha KpaKara H rlo-pflAKO B I'IHrBHHa,'lHara I{ 6'[uexure Ao Hefl,a6fiac"ru, no pr,rlere H y[illre. Cr,nertr Ha AepMaroJlol rps6Ba Aa cenorbpcH H npt{ Haii-Ma,'IKoro ct,MHeHI'le, BMecro Aa ce H3IIo,'I3yBar.JIeKapcTBa, noACKa3aHLI OT,II[Ua, HtlMauIH Hy)KHara KoMnereHTl{ocr.

Oco6eno toJIsMo BHI{MaHI'Ie rpa6na Aa ce o6p'bua B c,Ilyqal'{re, Ko-laro I,lMare HeIIpuflTHI.I yCeUIaHIIfl OKO,'IO Oql4Te. c'sulecrnyna o[ac-HO'ir OT noqBa Ha soJrr4KyJrspeH KoHroHKrHBr{T, llecTo cblbrcrByBaHor 6reQaprr. !,opu Aa e HI{xro}KHo Bt'3rlaJ1eHuero, He3a6aBHo rpq6Ba

Aa ce T'bpcl{ HaMecara Ha JIeKap cfieuHa,Ill{cr

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o6parnoro. Cna:sanero LIM crb3AaBa ycJIoBHfl pe$,'IeKclr I4 opraHI'I3Mbr{e caMorloAloTBf 3a c,rIeABaIqHTe FIarOBapBaHHs. Ero 3alqo qacoBeTe

Ha craBaHe, xpaHeHe, rMypKarle, IIotIHBKa, Apyl BLIA aKTHBHOCT H ,'IflraHe.rpn6ea Aa ca rBbp4o ycraHoBeHLI LI MaKCI'tMa,rlHo Aa ce crla3Bar.

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BJreqeM CaMo eAHa ngc,rreAtrrla - sa6asflueTo Ha peaKqIILITe. T63II

60

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r-"pu""noprHH 3JIorIoJIyxlr' fuypxaqbr rloeMa pI'IcK crlpflMo cl'Iryp--

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poJIfl npl{ ctcrotHHe ua opranHaMa or poAa Ha reKH npocryAHH 3a-

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Karo HenpecraHHoTo MOI{peHe Ha KOpIitiKI',Ire e cepl',lo3Ha cnt'HKa''^"-i;tfi*, Koflro B,'II'l3a Bt'B BoAara c ronJlo3aurHrHo o6JIeKJIo' e

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61

B pe4xH cryrlal4 ronJIlIHeH yAap ce [o'{yqaBa I{ B:rB Borara rtpn

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renrnepaiypHll npoMeHI'I' [peq>NAaHg I'I AP'

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tonnoauurnrHoro o6,lexno l'I Aa 3aeMe cenqecro npoBerpuBo Mscro'

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63

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4""v. n,ii,ropere 6asgo 15 ntrn ($ur' 25)':"

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"a"a ooG..nu"" nu'""oital c rusnpuue^Hl' rtpAl'I u npn6pau KopeM' I JIa-

Bara e JIeKo ornycHara HagaA, pGII,ere slatqr ceo6oAno' npbcrure ca

npaBI'I " purn"p.nra. 3anoqtreie Auuaue'J(aro BAI'IlIJla-l-ero craBa

niea noca, a r.re,AxusaHero - npee ycrara, nll"-111.tj#.1ou vn!1f:Hegr,rero aa raurpruuu'oi S Ao l'0 rtlin, xaio sa BAIa[IBaHe' 3a,U,6px(aue

64

enetrt Ha Mb.IIqaHHero

Mopcxo xouue

Ha nos ga MoPcKI'I 3B$AI4

.ll.eiicrnne Ha enacr.rre,rHara

Xar Mafto;r npeBseMa ou{e

x14,rreTxa

eAHa Ar.adassua

Araxa c xanaficxo xonue

tr1. Anocro,roB Ha n'br 3a noBbpxHocrra

Crpaurnara 6aparyAa rogu nr,r e 6es-IIoMouIHa

A. B,rafixos - Br.iHaru c xapnyHKaMepa

HeAocrvxuullre 6arPu Ha oKeaBa

Xesara HaB,'II'I3a B Mopero

B xot cPe,4a KoPaJIItre I'I3r,lexAarno-4o6pe?

!.. ,neuupes u X' I(apa'u'lroB cJler rpe-

HnpoB(a

fl. f nxos cbc cBotl

t\lOPe.'.

y,loB B KaPan6cxo

Xenara HaBJrrroa B Mopero

fae4ra Kpafi Cosofiojt

r{ c npocrpe"'rrHn,'Iesepl4 HaMac,reH uoc

flo,4soAen p u6o,ron qpes r.r3qaKBaHe

lloAeoAeH pu6o,roe B J'reroBr.rule

Xp. f nqen, A. AHroHoe u lL Anocro-floB c ,[.HeBHara clt HopMa B Ky6a

flepyaucxu Morr.rB - H. He,qeg, X.f Hqee u A. lposee rra BpbrrlaHeOT OKEAH

X. flHqee c oceMKH,Totpai\4oB JraBpaKoT 3a,rruBa Apanfl

Dt,lrapll nopaslrxaHa ,,EnpoQuru-77"rer;ro 18,850 xr

uafi-rexxara pu6a

- e,rlHo Mepy cfh,pnara glrliopKa Ha IZaua II{upr<on

PaAocrra or nl']PBl'{x

Hauuona,rsulr o16oP

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B noAloTOBKa

brnrapcxara rpolixa ua

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Enponeficxoro n bpBerrcruo . l4ranun

or6op r. Co3ono,l

r.r n3AI.IrxBaHe rr3pa3xoABaTe no3a[a3BaT XapaKrepa cv c Ta3v3a.qbp)KaHero Ao 30 c.

l0 c. Ao Kpafl Ha Meceqa rpeHlrpoBxr.rrgpa3JII{Ka, qe ytsefluqaBaTe nOCreneHHO'

6.ur.22

(Dr.rr. 23 @ur. 24

B cne4eaqure ABa Meceqa [peMaHaBare KbM ABypasoBr.r rpeHr_{_poBKr{, Karo c,'reAo6e4Hara nocBe[IaBare Ha aJrrepsailrnnoro ilorHfi,CKO At4naHe - noeMaHe Ha BT,3AyX C eAHaTa UOSlpa, 3aAibplxaHe?I'I3AHIIBaHe npes Apyrara HosApa H orHoBo sa4t,pxaue. CneAaarqnstr{rzK:brr sarroqBa no o6parHrzfl peA Ha Ho3ApHre rl r. n. Ia n['u ABeTe.ynpaxHe'r'r cTpeMex{}T e KT,M yBeJr,rraBaHe Ha 3aA:bpxaHero, Koe_ro B Kpafl Ha [oArorBr.rreJrHHfl nep].roA rpa6na 4a crurue np€{€Jra rrd:BT,3MO)KHOCT14 Te.

llo-sararlx nplrcrb[Bare KT,M ycBoflBa'e Fra cJIo)KHar a rracvBrra.arrHerr s 6acefiH. flpu rce qe y Hac dlrrincBar r4srpaAeHrz ceKroprr 3a

65

LIla6tr Ha,,CpeSr,pnara arlQopa" IIa nerr{l'{llyrI{a

5 MbnqaJHBHflT cnpo!

AibJr6OqHr{I{}t fx{ypKagHq, gAI4H BepTIIKa,rI OT 4 ut e AOCTaT'br{eH 3a Ue"I-Ta. II.aCHtsHara annes Ce TpeHHpa B He IIOtseqe OT 5 3aHliMaHflfl, C,TeA

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c IOABOAHO n,ryyBaHe no xopl'l3oHra,'Ia'

2. C p:uue Ha Kp'I)cra H"'ILI cBo6oIHo orrlycuarll no A:bJi)KHHara Ha.TflJIoTo'cII3npaBeHu,HoHecTelHaTI{KpaKaI,I3nT,JII{eTeABenoAcKa-o{anrlq I{a B'bpxa Ha IIpbCrIIre. Ha rperza noAcKOK pa3rBopere KpaKa-

Ta BCTpanu.'Tasll cx-el'la ce notsTapfl-l 6 fI'bTIt' I(aro ce yBeJII4qaBa c

€ar4l{ quKTrJI Ha BCeKI'I ABe CeAMI{qn. '4lrura ce pilTMI',lr{HO' Karo B:b3Ay-

@rrr. 25 @nr.26

Vnpa>xuenuA:t'a 3a crnMy,IlllpaHe ua 4ua$parMara L{ xpaF{ocMlr-r'trare,'rHr.rfl rpaKT 6xxa rpeHe6pereanu ,4ocera B MeroAIIKara Ha o6yqe-HI.Ie. 6raronp]iflrHi{re noc,leAl.lUrI or rflx o6aqe HMar Heo6l{KI{oBeHoSHar{eHile 3a tNrypKar{a. BI)Be}KAafixu ru B r'Ii{qHara cI4 lloAloroBKa,MOlKaXNne Aa yCTaI-IOBHNI Cr'IeAItllTe pe3y,'ITaTLI: yBe.rII{r{aBaI.{e Ha anrlefl -

ra c i5%; no4o6peHlze Ha rIBLIlare,'IHHre cnoco6Hocrn rlpr rMypKa-He; eAHaKBa yMopa c,'IeA TpuqacoB npecrofi B:bB Bo.4ara {IpH AByr{acoBnpecToii [peAH; 3I'Iaqu'refiHo no-,'IeKa noHocHMocT Ha Ha,'IfllaHeTo B

ra3oBure Ae[a (croMax u qepBa); [o-c,'Ia6o HaToBapBal{e Ha }IepBHa-Ta cflcreMa. trlaeoArare Hu /xaAoxa unetrra Aa ce npeAcraBl4 Ha rl[{ra-Te,'Iq TftXHaTa qtl,'IOCTIIa CIICT€NIa.

VnpaxHeurae:1. Vnpa>NneHriero ue H3BT,p[IBa Me]KAy ABaMa rMypKar{t4 c eAI{aK-

Ba cr{,xa H Tef,rlo. E4uHunr xBalqa ct'c cn,'IereHH pblle 3aAHara r{acT

I{a rJraBaTa Ha Apyrl,ifi, c,'IeA ToBa BHHMaTe,/IHO H TIOCTeIIeHHO 3aIIOq-Ba Aa Abpna KT,M CeSe CU. Apyrunr oKa3Ba cbllporHBa, c:bo6pa3eJ{acrbc cH,'rara, c KoflTo lo AT,pila HeloBI'IgT Apyfap. 3anoqea ce c 15 cH BpeMerpaer{ero ce yBeflHrlaBa BcqKa ceAMuqa c 1 c. E'uAeTe BHI{Ma-Teriu, oco6eHo B rl:bpBure HTKoJIKo ynpalKHeHLIql Al4uaHero e pur-MrzqHo r.r cBo6oAHo ($ur. 26).

66

X:bT ce I43AyXBa cr,c CI{,ila IjpH cKOKa c pa3TtsapflHe Ha KpaKara ($ur''27).'3. flonAr.iruiere MaKcrlMarHo AflcHara ptxa' Cr,uleBpeMeHHo II3-"rJracKarlre Ha3aA ,'IeBH11 KpaK H Jlt{Bara p:bKa, noBAl'IraiiKH KpaKa oT

Setpra, froBTopeTe 15 ntru 3a BCfiKa pT,Ka r.{ KpaK nocIeAoBaTeJIHO.

BAUrUnafire npes uoca, KotaTo H3Ar.{raTe p-bx(aTa, v ng]J.ilInBaflTe c.I,c

,cl.{Jla [pe3 HoCa, Koraro q cM'i,KBare ($ur. 28]4. ,rleruere no rpb6 c p:bue BcrpaHrr. liOnAurseTe eALIHI4fl KpaK,

npexBbp,'rqilKll rO ilpe3 tbpA[Te, KaTO CbU{eBpeMeHHO IIOBAUIaTe l,rla-.nara u ABere pbqe li xBaulare l,'le3eHa. llonropeTe c A'pyrl4s KpaK'VlenuwnafiTe cbc cI,IJIa, noBAI{lailKI'I l,laBara' pbqere H KpaKara; BAUIU-

tsaiire rrpe3 1loca, Koraro ce BpT,ilIare B il3x6,4Horo lloJIo>KeHI{e. Hanpa-nere no-i5 aBrlKeuufl c BceKI{ rpaN ($ur. 29).

5. H. n. Ko,'IeHeH ceAe)K, pr,lrere FIa rHr'Ia, ,rIaKTI'{Te o6r'ernaru ua-3aA, tr,p,4r{re r43rrpaBeHu. tr4e4lrmnafire, HaKilatflitr\r4 HailpeA IopHaTaqracr H; rrJtoro (6eg la ce iloBllr{ra.re or nerr.rre), AoKaro AocrtltHere

@ur. 27 <Dwr. 28

67

noAa c rreJloro. B4uunafire npeAll Aa ce B:bpHere B l{snpaBe[Io noJIoMe-Hue. HanpaBere yrpax{}1e}Inero tr5 ntru ($ur. 30).

6. tr4. n. THJIeH JIer, p:t,il.ere BcrpaHLI Ha BIIcoqLIHara Ha 6evpara.llosAurHere BeprHKaJrHo Auara KpaKa, I{3rr6Haru 3aeA}ro. 6es Aa rB

@ur. 29

@ur. 30 cDur. 31

crr,Bare B KoJieHere, pa3.[.aJreqere ]ipaKara n{aKCIi}Ia,lHo. [4gn:u,rnerge4Ira Aeofiua Ho}Kuila, c,IIeA KoeTo ETrpHeTe KpaKaTa BTIB BepTI{KafiFIO*TO IIO,TIO)KCHI4C. AC'iCTBYBAfITC BHI{N{ATEJIHO ts NT,PBIITE A}1I4, 3A A;1 i'I3'6ersere pasrsrane Ha Bbrpelllllara MycKyrarypa ua 5e4poro. B4Hu-l-

Bar:ire, pa3AaJleqaBailxu xpaxara. fia4umnaftre cbc cl{.ria ntrles ycrara,.

68

@r.m. 32 (Dirr. 33

KotaTO rr{ nplr6l{paTe B,t>B BepTItKafi[IO [o,'IO)KeIIHe' Llgnt,,rtHgea Ce

15 ntru (Snr. 3l).7. ,1.';. ,'IaKT,THo-Ko,'IeHeI{ ceAex{' Ornycuere l"IaBara BT'pxy p.l-

qeTe, KoHTo ca c[,'IeTeHI'I. PasAane.{ere 4o xpafiHocT KOJIeHeTe, KaTo

(

AbplKrrre 6elporo Ha 90o cnpnMo T.fiJroro. or.{,aneqasaHero rps6Ba Aa

craea nocrerregr{o. l4:e.spureTe cera 11ptiAErr;KEaHe lrafipeA v HA3A4

era rp:bAt{t4tr Kotu ts npo4l,rxeHlIe Ha 30 c ($rzr' 32) 'g. It. n. K,rIeKHara oilopa, eAI4Hl{flr KpaK I'l3lleceH HanpeA' (P:nue-

Te oirpeTe Ha rroAa npeA crbHaToTo Ko,'rflHo). onuruere eAI4H lloJlyKp.br

c Ao6pe I,tSnbHaT KpaK, KaTO U3HaCflTe CTbrIaJioTO MaKCi,IMa,'IHO Ha-

:3aA. KpaKbr He rpn6ea Aa ce [oBAr{ra HaA [OAa npli ollicBaHero Ha

[o.[yKpbra. I4sn:b,'rqere 3aAar{ara I 5 n.nrn. x4:Auursaiire, 3aBbpTa}iKH

onbHarr4fl KpaK Ha3aA, r4 BAgmBaiire, KotaTo lo Bpr,IIIare IIpeA rfJloro{tbrir. 33)..-

9. X'{su-,tJIIIt{Ba ce or ABai\{a Ay''Ifl c paB*o rer,'Io H cu'na' fltpnnnr.oT A,BaMaTa noAil,Trp)Ka Apyrllfl, npt{rrtcxaiirl{ KpaKara My Me}K4y

p:b(ere LI l'ff,',Io'l0 cu, xaio xeaiqa-6elpara N'Iy c p'bue. Ao,lHuqr rpn6-Ba .[,a n3Bbptxi{ saii-na.nno 10-20 npy}KI'{HHpaHI'Ir Br'pxy pa'l{ere'BAilUlilaHero cTaBa rrpt{ cfbBaHe [ra p:bueTe, r{3AH[IBaHeTO - npi.I,Lr3Ir.bBaI{e. KOlarO Ce rI3BbpIxBaT IIoBeqe Cep[,1H, rpa6na IOCJISAOBaTeJI-

r{o Aa ce cMeFIn'i' no3rql'{I{re ($ul. 3a).10. I(paNara - R HanpeqHa Ho)KI'lqa. Flanpaaere 4noftno npy-

,KI'IF{I,{PAHC, NOC,'IEABAHO OT CKOK BIT'E B63AYXA' KATO CbUICBPCMCHIIO

cMeHLiTe nOJIolKeill{ero Ha KpaKara. llplt npll3eMfiBaHero cltHere Ko-

"JreHeTe B rrbpBoHaqaflr{ara no3uqmq fi npyi+(t{HHparire orHoBo ABa

inrru. oSulo lient.ttHere 15-20 11oAcKoKa. tr4sAgUreaiire cr,c cl4"Ia npe3

69

IlFr

ycrara no Bpelre Ha noAcKoK; nAuilreafire npe3 HOca, Koraro H3BlpIr-Bare npyxuHr4paHero (Sur. 35).

lloAroroerara Ha ruypKaqa e HeNiHc,IIIIMa 6eg cucreuaruqHo n"Iy*Bar{e B 6acefiH. To He 6naa Aa ce pa3pe}KAa rIoA ABa ribt'Ii ce,4MLt\tH@

no I .rac. Axo nrc6nre,'Iflr e B uepuor Ha npeopueHTar{IIfl, r. e. rofi et'

(Dur. 34 @ur. 35

gacera n,'IyBeq, xoriro e perxil,'r Aa ce orlaAe Ira rNrypKaHero, To B iIo:I-rorBi,trer'IHI1fl rleprroA rpn6na Aa ce JrcBo[ trr'IyBaHero c nepKI4, MacKar4 runopxeJr no noB'bpxHocrra. flpll raxoaa norox(enue rpeHI4poBKIr-Te rro c,iIo)KHa anHefl rpn6ua ga ce za6auflT Ao nt,JlHoro ycBofiBaHeHA TA3V TCXHHKA.

flrpnzre ynpax{HeHu.s Morar !,a 6t'r,ar HanpaBeHI4 Aopli H Ha cy-Ixara. Aocrartqgo e Aa ce,'rerlre IIo Kopel{ L{ B rrpoA:bJl)KeHue na 10-15 uun ga ce orpa6orBar.rBlrx{eHtlflra H,a KpaKa"ta c nepKu. Cr,6,lrora*saiare [pi.iHur4na Kpar<ara Aa orutsar Harope rpaBl], a HaAo,'Iy - JIe-Ko nper:bHaru B KoJreHere. Teunoro lpa6ea Aa 6tAe 5aeuo. KoraroynpaxHeHr'rero ce u3na,"rlHffBa v 6aceilua, KpaKara cr'IeABa Aa ca Henpe-KT,cHaro B:r,B BoAara. llepNure He 6uBa Aa Ir3/'Iu3a'r Ha noBbpxFtocrrau Aa ce qyBa urficTtrx. Ho;xilqnoro pasMlrllaBaHe Ha KpaKara rpn6eaAa 6t'Ae 40-50 cM. Asux{eHu.flTa ocraBar rLIIaBHu, 6e3 Hg"nuruno ua-npe>KeHue. ANo c"reAsaTe Halxrrf cbBeTAa He rT,pcr.Ire cbAeficTBI,leTO"Ha pT'qeTe, OCTaBeTe fi4 llpoTelliaTil Hanpe.q H,IH ycnope.qHll Ha TSJIOTO"

Vnpaxueuuero Moxe Aa rpae 20 uuu.E4na npu rperoro saliuMaHrre ce [ocraBq ['{acKa H ixHopxeJl. Kauru-

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70

ll.nveasero c L,tacKa, ilHopxeur u ilepKLI ne 6lrsa Aa rpae flo-ilta"iKo or^30

ir;; BCeKtt nrlr. flpes ua.rroro Bpex{e He I{aBe}KAafire r'lanara ruap-

Ae HI4CKO, TaKa r{e TeMeTC Aa ocTaBa Ha.A BOAaTa

C'ocmesanutt Lt peKopAu no erwVpKaHe

flpnpanunraHero lia rMypKaHero Kt,M ocTaHa,ril.Ire cnotrlTotse e ocilop-

eano c,r I'IfiKott cpeAli. Ononenrnre Ir3xo)KAar or BKopeHeHara fipeA'

craBa, qe Be MolKe Aa ce loBopu 3a cnopT TaM' KibAero JII4TICBa Cbcre-

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B naurara crpaFla He ca opraHu3apaHu cbpeBHoBaHufl. rro rMypKa-;ne. Herocrolpr{eMHi,rre BbB Br.r3ya,THo orHoIrIeHue pt n6ouuHlr na Hep-.I{O MOpe Ca oXJra}KAa,'Ir.{ AOpH. I{ >KeJIaHLIerO Sa USnpOSBaHe Ha ilfirrq.t4-'Te B:bsMo)KHocrrz. Bce nax no BpeMe Ha KoHKypc 3a nr{crpyKTopu no.JreKoBoAoJra3Ho AeJIo s 1961 r. e npaBeuo u3MepBaHe Ha rMypKaHl{fl..Kypcucrnre PaAan HeAs.lxoe, fl,ttxo f,ut<os, AoHqo flanasoe, MnnenKbHee r.r Ap. ce AoMorBar rc 23 Nr At,r6o,{}rHa. Ha4 ecuuxu oSaqe'r{3rr6KBa XunNo Paqes c nocrr4)KeHuero cw or 27 nn. flpes 1967 r.'e KySa B rrprrcr'crBr.rero Ha Apyr[ 6t'nrapu lt c perlicrpauxflra I{a c:b-rBpeMeHeH gu6oNovrep Mnnes K:rnee AocrI,IrHa 30 lt 4tn6ouuHa.

Apyroxue cror4 Br,rlpocr,r c peKopAl{re no rMypKane. Ceerosruaraxon$e4epaqr{fl rro rroABoAHa 4eiluocr rpne perncrpr{paHero F{a cBeroe-fir.r peKopAn or 1949 r. HacaM. VcraHoeqeaHero IIM craBaue ltpta crla3-EaHero Ha Bepr4ra or ocurypseaxr,u 6eeonacnocrra yc,'IoBI{r. Canan-'Te KOHKypeHTU B riO-K:bCHHTe erarrH npeAfioqllTaxa Aa H3[OJI3ytsaTaBTOTIOMeH lanaCr, KaKTO I,I KOHTaKTHH r'IeilI[ BMeCTO TpaAI.{UIiOHr{l.ITeMACKI{.

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'76

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77

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- Ect{r{Ko ToBa cqKailr Hr.r Bp6rr{a apxaLIqHL{Te L{3Mepe-lHl{.fl, N{HTr{lieCKLrff 3,rlareH BeK rr npaBr{ paAocTTa oT }KfiBoTa Bb3Top--x{eHa I] r{:b,rxHoKp:L,BHa. Ho ToBa, e, TaKa Aa ce Ka}Ke caHT}.th{eI-ITar'IHa-'Ta cTpaHa B pa3o6"'rr4r{aBaHeTo Ha nceBAoMopa,'iil3vla.

Muoro e flpocro 4a ce pas6epe, qe HsNra rro-3arrnrepecyBarr qoBeKror rroAeoAHun pu6ononer{, Kotaro cra}Ie AyMa ga Bb3rlpor{3Be}KAar{e.Ha &{opcr{ara $ayua. Har2-ua,rNo or eror.{3r,[,r - Aa ce 3a[a3flr $opnrn-re Ha >NaBor, 3a Aa Motar HeroBrzre cpeu].fi cpvr6ata Br.ruatr{ Aa ce cxr,-,croffr. Manxo no-rpyAlro e 4a pas5epe rreH3op:br or cyrxirra rrpocrraHa xaplyHucra, Kofaro BCeKLi AeH e cBI'IAererT Ira 6aeHara cMtpr Ha'Mopero, 3a.{,aBfiHo or orrraAT,rln, x{a3yr, xuMuqecK[ Berlecrtsa, Sexa,n-fir4 Har{ocu. . . flpocr r4 or rrpr.rHyAara Aa r,rryBa Br,pxy r{o,'rypa3r'ro)Ke-:riure rpyfloee na pu6u, uenpu6paHr{ or 6paxouuepure 6ondaaxHu.14 Noraro r{3r'ie3e lra cyuara otopqen 14 yr{[x{eH, rorl npoulzl'a B npeca-ra sa pa$uHr.{paHfire FroBocrrr B r.iFrAycrpr4aJrHoro usrpe6eane wa puda-Ta u,rIX 3a Niu,TuapAlrre cpe6pucrrr re,'ra, yM:bprBeHr{ or paadananerorsa nsNoii nerpo,'ionocalr, a qecro r{ or paAl4ar{vnra Ha Haryllr{flr{aBlI-"Te orrtrTr.t Ha BoiiFIo"'Irc6u.ure.

rlepHo h'rope c:bu1o 6one4yna, roBa to 3aflBqBaN{e 5es orNprreare;r-cKo MaHr.{epHlrqeHe. Onacsoro e, qe atonrdflTa My rrle Hacr:snl{ Mruo-ro no-6r,p:o or ra3r{ Ha Apyrr4re 6acefisu. r{opaAri HeroBara xepMeruq-uocr. ,,fIouepBeHnBaFrero" Ha HetoBfiTe BoA,rl npe3 npo,[erra Ha 1979 r..clbrrr4ca BCur{K[,{. CnoMnqx{e cu KoxHHTe o6pnnH Ha xt,rreu1i{Te ce, cMy-uleFrr.rero B xrylKlecrpaHHI4Te ,'reToBHurdx. . . Ho ropa 6gxa ,,i{aABo,4-.Hr.rre" KoricraraI{r4r{, a Ko/'Ii-tHHaBul.trxa 3,rloBeqoro AT,HO, rroKpltro c.rvrtprea rar'rfl, noilqera u4p? f e"{eHr.{ero ce lroBTopu npes 198i t., Kotra-'To caMo lla eAFra r{r}ca orceqKa or BapHeHcKr4q 6pnr 6xxa nsdpoeunrpyiloBere Ha 12 4en$rrua. B flpunropcxo re6nxa 4. Hayxara cr{rypnorrie LaAe apry[,rer{rr4paHo o6qcHesue. Ho Hr.{e He r\{oxenr 4a ce ocno6o-,AriN{ oT npelfioJ'ro)Kelit{eTo, qe nbpBotrptrquHaTa e B ,,HaTopgBaHeTo(''Ira BoAopac,'rr.iTe oT r{H.4ycTpr.ia,'rHr.r'r'e HaFrocH ira l'{otbulr,tTe peKL{, Koe-'To flpr]BoKl{pa 6ypeoro pa3Br.rrHe Ha clurornaHKroFla. Ft,"rrapcNuar.6psr noenta 3acera xr'raBHl4f yAap BC,'reAcrBIre ilpeuoca Ha ff,nno,rcxo-TO reqeHue. KapTnuara I-L\e peu,u.{r.rBr,rpa BceKH n:L,r rrpI{ paHHo 3arorI-.,rrflFre Ha qeprioMopcKr.r're BoAH, AoKal'o eAr.iH AeH. . . KrAe e c[aceHl]e-TO Ha pO.qHOrO X'rope (e:onpocrr rre e caMo Ao onl{caHara 6eAa, a 3a KOM-lrJreKcHara yrpoaa)? Cnaceuuero e BcrKbAe ApytaAe ocBeH s 6eg-'Mere)KHI4r onrrlMr,r3'bnl Ha KoMrrereHTH[Te uHcrr.rryrl,r{u. Bpevre Ha-'{.{cTI4Ha HqMa!

B usroli Mopcxfi crpaHrr ce AonycKa (unu ce BtprrJH 3aA rr,p6arH2 E,rr0cTH',r'e) nogeog,en pu60.uoe c Auxare/'r}{u ailaparu. lpaS.nunure'iloxnaru Ha "laKrIEa pu6ocrpe,raqll, npec,'IeAeaulu 6uno ceH3aqr{o}iHn

':18

'lpo$eu, 6uro npouurxr'reHl,r qe,Iu, HflMar poA[iuHcrBo ct'c c[oprLICTI{-re puSonoequ. Tyr e yMecrHo na pa3rpaHr.rt{HN{ cfloprrlr,rff noABo.r,eHpn6oloe or pu6o,roea uoA Bo,qa u:bo6ule, TaKa KaKro 6:nnrapcxure 6op-t\v. 6wxa iloucr<alrrr pa3Ae,'Iure,rta ilHtr4rt hlex{Ay rexHl4f crlopr lr Ke-IJA.

Cnopruuxr noABoAen pn6o,roeeq MolKe Aa e cbcre3are,r, a Mox{eu Aa 6ure o6uNnoneu ,rrc6tile,r. Cnoprucr:or cbc're3are,r e rMypKar{B arrHefl, Iro.4quI-{eH Ha crporo ocMHc,qeH Me)KAyl{apoAeH npaBu,'IHI1K.lloc,'reAuuqr cb3Hare,,iHo ro nocraBfl B Helz3roAlro no,'rox<eHLIe cnpfl-Mo Ar.rtseqa - rofi e rpeBb3xo)K4aH n 6:spsr.iHa, npecroii noA BoAa Li flpo-IIHKBalre e A:b,'r6o.IuHa. OceeH rosa rofi He Mox{e Aa ilo,'t3yBa orHecrpe,r-HO Op:b>Kr.ie; ,'rr4ureH e or rpaBoro Aa npocrpenBa oIIpeAeJIeFIr BuAoBepu6u; r{e My ce pa3peuaBa y,rloB }Ia eK3eMIrr'IrpLI no/x -?00 rpanra; sa-6panasa My ce rMypKaFIe B 3oHu pe3epBarlr, B [ept{oA I{a N{pl,creHe H

r. H. O6scuxMo e roraBa satt1o o6uuflr tollr4ueH pe3yr'Irar or cit,cre-?al:j-ll1.flTA y HaC e KOJIKOTO AHeBHUflT KIL'lOlpaMOO6OpOr S eAUI{ Mafa -

3r.rH 3a npo4ax6a ua pu6a.Cnoprucrrr ,'rrc6ure,'I or cBofl crpaHa npaBr{ ro,'teMu Ma'rep[a"IHH

x(epTBri 3a cBoflra eKrirrHpoBKa Ir npecroii Ha MOpe, u3pa3xoABa Ao-cra cLrJrLT rr BpeMe 3a [oAroroBKara ci{. Toii He,Ilisa or BoJIara yMopeHH rrpocMyKaH or BJrara, B noBeqero c,rlyqail c npa3Hli pr'ue IIopalHlteo[I{THOCT rr/'lrz 3audoro He e Br.lAflJI HlIIrlO B IOABOAHI.Ifl CU L{apupyl'.Ho Noraro AeHrir e ycrelxeH roii cr'6nrcraBa eri4rlli[fl. gaKor Iia cBoficnopr - Aa rrpocrper-IBa rod'IKoBa pu6a, xo,rroTo e ueo6xoAllNla 3acenericreoro uy"

IIo rosra lrT,'r Bt'pBrxa u IIpoA:bd'I>KaBar Aa c,rleABar xLtJIflnM npo-cBereHrz 6rnrapw. tr4n$opnupaFluflr qurare,'I sHae, lte HeN{ar'IKa r{acr or6urapcxara I4HTe,IIHreHur{f e B ceMeilcrBoro Ha xapilyHrICTI4Te: tr'rrp-euqr 6T,,'IrapcKr.i KocMoHaBT LI HelOBI4fl'l Aj6,'rlOp, 3aC,{y)KH,'IU AeflTe-ilII HA I{ayKaTa LI H3KyCTBOTO, [lIC&T€r-lU, Xy.qO]KHIll(H, pexl{CbopU,apTHCTI], x{y3I{KaHTI'I' )KypHa,'IIICTI4' apXI'ITeKTI'{' I4I{}KeFIepu' J'leKapH'r{KoHoMrrcrrr, rcpl4cru, ilpenoAaBare,'tlt. Te:u npe4aHLI Ha Moperoxopa eAr4H Aeu c 6onxa tr nor{yAa iqe ltysr, '{e ca 6r.iru HeyKLI t{ }Ke-croKH, qeca yqacrByBa,'IH B HeOrIpaBAaHo c63aK,Ilfrl4e cpeuy npupo-AaTa.

Mopero, u r,'raBHo Ko HTLIHe HTa/'lHll.ttr u-len$, frpulex{aBa Aocrar':bq-1{O CLIJII 3a OCHlypflBaHe Ha eKO,'IOIfiiIeCKOTO paBIIOBeCI]e. 14Haqe

xxu-tHrrre pu6u ory,anua 6uxa BI,I.{e,'II'I cMeTKara I{a oc't'atta,tuf tIoABo-

.q,eH cBflT cr,c cnoco6socrra cH .4,a yHIluIo>KaBal'HecMet'Hu Kor'tt{qeer-Ba rroApacrBarqr.{ Br{AoBe- tr4nta eAHO yC,'lOBUe, paz6upa ce: rpn6ra 4ace o6ya4aar rpo3Hr.ire nocetareJlcrBa Ha ue4o6pocreecrHule cpe-u,y qy.4Hr4fl cBfr Ha Mopero. B rosa 6,raropo4tto KoHrpaHacrbll'IeHuec[oprl4crr4Te prl6o,ronqn N{orar Aa oKa)Kar n'bpBocreneHHa rtoMou{ Ha

[IayKara H o6urecrsoro.

79

Crop'atnenwn txa na)eoduun pu6onoeeq

llopasaeauero rra pu6ara craBa qpes Mera,'IHa crpe,'Ia, il3xBtpJleHeor op'b)Klre,Koero ce Haplzqa xapnyH. crpenara e npuBTrpSaHa KT'M xap*rryHa c KopAa or' cI4HrerHrIHa Marepl{s.

Mex4yuapo4uara NoH$e4epaqnfl no rIoABoAHa 4eiiuocr pa3pe'uraBa ynorpe6ara sa [o.qBoAHI4 op'b>Nntt caMo or raratsa HanpaBa, npITKoLITo 3apelKAaHero Ha cTpe,{ara craBa eAIIHcTBeI{o qpe3 MyCKyIHa-Ta cuila Ha cnoprr{cra. B rogz cMI4ct'd'I xapnyHlire c Bbr,'IeAByoKIIc I4i

eKcnJro3uBli ce cqurar sa 6paxoul.tepcKo op:bxl4e.Paseuraero Ha crroprHufl rIoABoA,eH pn6o,ron e sgauMoo6B:bp3aHG

c no.l,o6peuLitrra w HoBoBtBeAeHr4fl,Ta B rIoABoAHoro op:t'xue. O6ux-HoBeHoro nonuuegnilcKo KorMe c HI4Iu,o)KHara My yAapHa cnrra .4HecMolKe .qa cr6y4u caMo yMHJIeHrze. Hegaezcrlhto or HflKoH ycrb'BT,prrJeH-

crByBaHr.lfl Berre He npe.4craBr'IfiBa HHrepec I.l xaeal'tcxoTo Konue. B nopa-Alr,K Ha ucropriqecKa cnpaBKa ule cnoMeHeM, qe rpti sero 6e 3alIMcrBy-BaH npuHuxfltT FIa o6uNHoeeHara npauKa. Ctc crla6ara cI4 pr,Ka pH-6o,{oseq},r yJIaBqrue ItpI]MItrirB]iara ,,tJraBa" Ha Konrtero, a cr,c CHJI-

Hara o6rqratlre npI{MKara Ha "TIacrHKa, At,p>Neiixl4 e.4,}IoBpeMeHHo crpe-nara. Crc cBa,'IeHiI [raIIKLI, o6pasuo Ka3aHo, rpn6ea Aa 3acraHeM I-1

[pe,4 ocraHKr.rre Ha npyrNllH]lufl xaplyH, [IpH Bce r{e It .4Hec rofi cenpor{3Be;'r{Aa orpaHHqeHo. HapeueH oure,,aMepilKaHcKLI xapnyu", rofiuecrByBame npe3 40-'re roAusn Ha Hatrififl BeK. Crpenara rrpl4 HeloCe II3XBTrpJIfiille OT AypaJIylvIHHI'{eBa Uets' B KOflTO Cnelll4ad'lHa npyX{HHaurpaeue por'rflTa Ha clIJIoB MeXzHH3lbM; llpn nNapeal{eTo }I HaTflraHe-ro Ha crpe,Ta'ra B qeBra Ha rlpy)Klluara ce cBaBalle u 6e roroea Aa AaAeueo6xoAln'rlis. TJractjK c HarIIcKaHero Ha cnycibKa. llpyxllnuuflT xap-nyn 6e r.r3ocraBeH B MacoBara ynorpe6a Bc,'IeAcrBHe Ha noAqepraHa*Ta Mv HenpaKrr4rinocr. Toil e npeKar'IeHo AbJIT,r Ir re)K:bK - noHt{KorarrpeBr4[raBa 2 m; sapex-IlaHeTo e TpyAHo, a NlolrlHocrra - HeAocraT]q-Ha; I{3CTpe,lBaHeTO Ce CT'IpOBO)KAa c:bc Ci4r'IeH I]]}r\{; C,'IeA I]0-46,Ilaynorpe6a npylKlrHara ry6u or cH,'IoBHre cH xaqecrBa.

Hacrogur,uqr orrr4'r B noABoAlIIlx pu6onon cBeAe Bbopibxen[eroHa cnoprucra .4o ABa ocHoBHIz BIl.Aa: nlleBMarl{qHllfl I.L'lacrHllHHtI xap-nyH. tr4 Be"qriara rpn6na Aa Ao6annu, r{e ABere HanpaB,rleHns ca B flpocr-I{a reoperfli{ecKa, npaxrl4qecKa, peKr'IaMHa 14 IrI{AyCTpVaJrHA rIO,{eMI4-

xa. B nporllBono"ro)KHure ror{KLI Ha c[opa BI]]KAaMe ,,oronaHIa" 4opfiqe,rfi liaqrin. AHec pflAKo Mo)xe Aa cpeqHere HTaJII'IaFICKH H/'IH Hc[aH-cKlr xapuyullcr, Kofiro Aa He e c rFIeBMarIrr{Ho opr,x<ue; KaKro n $pan-uy3r.iFr r{rrrI aBCTpa,lueu, xofiro ,{a I{e e BbopT}}KeH c d'lacrlMeH xapnyH-

tr4c'riluara e HfiKrlAe IIo cpe"4,ara. tr4 gnara BIIAa itx'Iar cBoero rIpH-JIOII{CHHe, IIOFiflKOIa AOpi'I ts paiVIKUTe Ha eAHOTIaCOB IIOABOA€H iJIOB.

Vcnexr,r Ha eAHa puSo,ronna eKcKypBI4s, TpeHupor"t(a I{ ou1e noBeqe

80

cccregar{ne MHoro qecro gaBHcr{ or rrpaBr.r,'rHlrfl no46op H[rv Ha-BpeMeHnara cMsHa Ha xapnyHa. Moxe r{yAHoBaro Aa H3tJrex{Aa cpan,-Heluiero, Ho ra3r.r raKrr.rqecKa 6y4Hocr ua pu6o,roeerla Mr{oto Hr.{ npn*Jrr4rra Ha HaJryqKaHaTa cKr.r-BaKCa or cbcresarerff cKHop. IlO-sarar:uxIIIe r.{}Ial\re c,lyqar4 Aa H,{FOCTpHpaMe roBa cxBailIaHe.

(Dur. 37

@xr. 38

flpuuqlrnuo nHelitamutlHunrnxapryt e ycrpoeu na 6azara Ha KoNr-npeclloHHa KaMepa crc crbcreH B:b3Ayx. floqru H3,'Ie3e or ynorpe6axn4ponFreBrrarlzlrHlrrr xapnyH, rpu Nofiro cu,'IoBurr r.r3ToqFriiK npeA-craBntrBa ryx{eH 6anow. Cauusr 6a;los ce nocraBfl B 'i'eqna cpeAa, or-paHuqeHa oT xepMeTH3'fipalHa r{aMepa. crapeenero Ha ryMeHr4f 6a,no's.c63AaBa 4OCra npO6,'Ier\,r14 Ha rrpHTelKaTe/.]nre. Ho ctlr.ecrBeHl{ffT He-AocrarbK e B cnaAaHero cKopocrra Ha r4srJracKBaHe n xpariuara Sa-3a, Kofaro Ha,'tfltaHeTo Hn BT:3.I,]Xfl B 6aJrOHa AOCTUIa ny.nara. Ero3aulo, Kotaro 3aroBopHM .{Hec 3a IIHeBMarurIeH xapily}I, noA ToBa onpe-Ae,'IeHUe CTOr4 CneqeJILlJI\rflT KaTelopI4rIFIO npeAnx{cl'Bo oreorHeBMaTI,I-qeH xapnyH.

llpu uero KoM[pec]IonHara KaMepaJIHHA:b'p, qaCT OT KOI{TO e 14 CaMaTa UeB.r{3TtHeira no4o6no na 6oiiua xapa6urta,xapnyu ,,flryap" ($nr.37), a Mox<e u Aauli,t]]H,{:bpa, KaKTo e npl4 tloilyd'IqpHllfl,,Mapec" ($vr. 3B). 14 e Aeara cJlyqafl

C Mruualrmtrnt cnoP'r

npeAcTaB,lrrBa N,teTa,'reH uH-llocneArrala uoxe Aa 6:r,AeKaKTO e llpll IlTar'lHaHCKI4q

e BrpaAerra B caMHrr o6eu saxapnyn ,,Cren" na $upuara

TOBa rre rrpoMerrfl rrpr,rHqr{[a,

8l

Tbfi Karo rpll>K,'rHBo y[JlbrHeHoro 6yraro croH Herr3MeHHo B Kpaff HaIleBra no,4 AerlcTBr4e Ha HaJrflraHeTo. C[oMeHaBafrKw To3rr saKT, Tpfr6-tsa Aa noscHlrx'r, qe B:b3AyxbT B KoMrrpec[oHHaTa KaMepa Ha rrHeBMa-Tl.MHr.1ff XapnyH npeABapr4TeJrHo ce cfbcTflBa c pbrrHa |IoMrla, KoflTo eHepa3AeJreH [pHAarT,K K]rM Opr,)K[ero. ToBa crbcTflBaHe BapHpa o.r

Our. 39

18 lo 24 arMoc+epr.r cnopeAyKa3aHuflra Hanpou3BoLvrellfl. Haroun-BaHeTO ,,AO OTKa3", TOeCT IIpeBI,I[IaBaHerO Ha AaA,eHara HOpMa, npaBHHeBb3MOIKHO 3ape)KAaHerO Fra Crper'Iara. cauoro 3ape)KqaHe ce H3Blbp -rxBa qpe3 5t,pso r{ MouIHo ABr.rxeH[e c yqacrr.Ie [oqrl{ Ha qsJloro rr,rIo .

Ap:r,xrala Ha xap[yHa ce ilocraBfl na 6e4poro ultrl Ha crbBKaraI{a XOAI,L'IOTO, e.IHaTa pbKa [pH.IT,p]Ka UeBTa' a ApylaTa e I'l3lIT,i{aTa Ha-rope, ,A:bp)Kefixu crpenara orpflHa n 6yra"noro (Sur. 39). I4mesno ra-3lr pT,Ka ocr.fypqBa f,'iaBHrrfi TJIacbK, ilo,{KpefleHa or no44bp]Kaiqug.[,p:b>KKara KpaK ]r.rroBKa rrylKa B Kpr,cra. onepaqunra r\,Il.rHaBa c IIorcpeAHrrqecrtscro Ha cfiequaJr[ra pbKoxBarKa (nareraur<a), c,'Iyxeqasa 6y$ep Mex4y pr,Kara r{ Nrera/'rHr.Ifl Bpr,x }Ia crpe,Tara. Cre4 sapex-AaHe'ro Ha xaprryHa KoM[pecr.rrrra B KaMepara Aocrr.rfa 35-45 arMo-cSepH.

Onncanoro ycrpoiicrno Ha [HeBMarI{qHHx xapnyH Beqe e Aaflo4a ce pas6epe, qe Bcecrpauuoro y[/'IbrurBaue Ha KaMepara ro [paBH

82

TrpaKrl4rrecKli Her.r3Torqr.iu. Crr,crenHflT Bb3Ayx He ce H3pa3xoABa, Ho"roBa He 3HaqI{, qe oT BpeMe Ha Bpe[,re xap[yHlbT rle ce HyxAae oT Hfl-tr{ o/'iK0 .[oil'h,d'IH I TeJIH I4 H a Il OM [BakIIl fl .

Cnope4 paanoJroixer{uero Ha ApbxKara cr,rrdecrByBar ABe pasno_ "tsi.iAHocrlr, qcHo pa3r]4lraBarrru ce BbB $ur. 37 s 38. Koraro Apb)KKara ,.

@llr. 40

.e B Cpe.4aTa I{a Op:bX{ueTO, 3aAHaTa My tIaCT OCTaBa nOA TflJ'IOTO Ha ,TO-aer1a ($ar. 40). Tona He caMo orlreMa rracr or AaneNo6oftnocrra (oro-no I nr, aKo B3eMeM npeA Br4A lt,'runcBalqoro Ii3[T,Bai{e Ha ptNara),FIo BJIorraBa HeMa,TKo tI Toullocrra Hir npfiqer'IBanero. Orqacrrr Nonn-,fieHcHpaill,o [peArlh{cTBo Ha To3l4 MoAe,'I e, qe Xap[yH'bT e 3t{aqlITeJIr{Qno-noBpaTrll.IB nopaAr4 B:b3MOXHOCTTa Aa Ce H3[OJI3yBa I,t Tfl,'IOTO KaTOonopua roqKa. EonuruHcreoro lpr{B:bp)KeHrrqrr Ha [HeBMaruKara .E.noABoA,Hrrri pu6o.noe [oKa3Bar BJreqeHr4e K:bM .4pyrara pa3HoB[AHo.eT.xaprryHr4, orqe noBeqe qe rocJlerxH[re no r]puHrllrfi ca rrr'ryBaulu (Noraroaa ocBo6o.4,er-rJ.r or crpe"rara). Hennynaquflr xap[yH cr,3AaBa He[pe-.K:lcuaru rnaeo6onus no BpeMe Ha yc[eriler{ nos. 3a ga ,,o6pa5orv."ilpocrpe,'rflHara pu6a, cnopTr.rcrbr ce Hy)KAae or rxBere cr.t prqe. Cne-JOBare,'iHo rofi Li,Ttl rpnSaa Aa nyclle Ha AT,Horo xapnyHa, Koero qe Ha-.d'IO>Klr r{oBo rMypr{aHe 3a II3Ba}KAaHeTO My, U,'rH Aa tO 3Z14T,p)Ka Me)KAyKpaKara cfi, Koero nbK xle cxone geiicrBr.rqra My.

(Dupirnara ,,Texnzcy6" ce 3a/'IoBI{ c alr6uqilosHr,trl rrpoeKT Aa 3aAo-rtsoJlr.i BCHqKH BKyCOBe HaBeAH:blK, Ct,S4aaafixr.r xapfiyHa,ApaKou".'Toii e fi,rryBaLq, sape)r(AaHero i]e e raxa yMopure,rrro, 3arrloro Mo)Ke Aa

83

ce lrsBbplrBa Ha erann (e4no ycrpoftcteo ,,3axa[ea" ctpe,laTa TaMp

AoxrAerb e exapaua). I4sstH roBa ApbxaKara My Moxe Aa ce npe*

MecrBa no xeJIaHI'Ie: B Kpafi Ha rp.b6ara' B cpeAara, qe AopII I',I B Ha*qaJroro. Xapnyttllre ,ApaKon" ce noflBl'lxa u cpeA 6:s,rrapcxure noA-BOAHH pu6o"nonql'r. B xpaa Ha Kpal4qara ce oKa3a' qe opr,)Kl'Iero npH*

TeX(aBa BCUIIKII IIeAOCTaTT,IIH Ha IIO3HaTHTe HIZ neUe O6paSUU, 6ee gai

HMa reXHr4Te ItpeAI4MCTsa. TeXHIaqecKaTa npeTo.BapeHOCT Ha XapnyHA

cTaBarile npl4rlnHa rofi Aa npoflBtlBa uecru 4e$exru'B ctnpeneuHr{Te nHeBr4aTr4rllFl]tr XapnyHr.{ KoHcrpJrKTOpLITe ca B5*

BeJIH eAHO drIocTIIe B:bpxy Apl'xKaTa, KoeTo no3BoJIflBa Aa ce pely,'I[peMoulHocrra Ha r4scrpeJla. C gpyrn AyMl, KaKro ce Izspa3fBaT xapfly-H1{CTilTe, ITOCTaBeH e ,,CKOpOCTeg .nOCr" 3a CTpeJI6ara. O6UXHOSeUO

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Earre H ycroft.lllnocTra IIa nocyKBaHe tlle Ca [O-3aAoBo,'II'IreJIHn. Bu npel-.craBJrfiBaJro uHTepecAa crroMeHeM, ue n cpe4n3eMHo MOpe HsKou xai)-nyHHcrI{ I,l3[O,{31/tsaT IIpl{ l\ltTHaio!:a vilv npu 4pe6na pr{5a crputnoT KOpSI{HO pa3JIHrIHa HanpaBa' Te nmar cT'x-loTo rel"Io ,KaTo TallTni{-,cKr4Te flpu paBHa [.bID1<Lts,a, Ho Ar.raN{e1bpT,T e I mu. vpanutltsai{e1'orga fpaMalga L{Atsa 0'f Mlloro JIeIIKaBa SIIJIaB 3l'IKpaJI. floirsxora sa cy6-.cTaHrIr4rr ce Ir3noJr3yea $u6pocr:r,x,ro. vlva u Tperl.I cJIyr{afi, KOrats

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crperrn ilpocTpe/'rsHarapu6a ocraBa Ha crpe,'IaTa, a He ria KOpAaTAT

KOeTO cnecTflBa He[pI4STHOCTI4 B MT'THaTa'BOAa'I4up saqo Aa noroBop LrM v 3a Br,pxa Ha crpeJlara' Toil He 6I'IBa

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Hara My $Opt,la, a ApylH - Nonycoo6pa3HoroMy I43oc'.rpflHe' 3aNpen-.tsaHeTo Ha KoHTpara e )KeJraTeJrHo Ha He no-Ma,rIKC OT 6 AO B CV Ot Kpag Ha

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pa ,,xep5apuit", i. e. re npocro Ilpi'IKoBaBar pn6a'ra Bbpxy KopaJIHre"

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tsceKr.r yAap.'

89

flpe.qrz BpeMe y Hac ullpoKo ce H3rIoJI3yBailIe 3a KopAa [pospaquara

tsbAl4r{apcKa MecI4Ha c Ae6bnraua 0'B Ao I uu' flocrefieHHo Bc]iliKla Mo-

;;';;; ." y6e4nr, rle rfl e HeAocrarr'llHo I'I3Ap:b)KJlI4Ba' orHocllre"IHo

TBbpAa I,I HenoAxoAflilla 3a BcuqKI'I BI3JII{' He'Aocrartx e u raeftsara

npo3paIIHOCT - BJIoilIaBa ce opI,ieHTaqHflTa Ha xapnyHHCra' B:b3MOXHI4

@nr. 43

ca I{ rIecTI4 SaIrd'rI4TaHLIfl. cera Tf yclleuHo e 3alvreHeFla c tl.{eTel{a cI{H*

""t"un, KopAa c 4e6enuHa l-2 rvru' Kop'['ara orroBaps Ha Atsa I{"III

Tpl.r I]xiTI4 AT,,',I>KI4r{ara Ha rpr',6ara' llpni ap6a'reru c npl4"I0,X{ex{tie B

"pon"u""*,uB0AI,IceEpeABI4>I{AaTI,IneTA.bJIXI,IHI{I,IJ']IInpI4Kaqe}.[aKT,MiXapnyHaMaKapa,uaNoqrocel{aMoTaBargeoSxoAHulITeNIeTpI'{KopAa.BoqaxpaHeHaCpeIIluceAplieK3eMnJIfpyIcT,oTBeTHopacTe'{Ae5e'r'ra.HATA HA KOpAara.

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Eeficrene Ha crr JroBvlfl- *"" un "tt*

(sap ex4aHer-o- Ha xap ilyH a) us ltcxna

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ocsonHo.ro KarrecTBo Ha 4O6piare !'IacTI4UIl e TflXHara II'bpraEHFIa-

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eJIaCTTITIHOCTTa cI4 AOpI{ B Npan na cBog xoA' Koero e rtsbprr,e cSulecrBeHo.

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90

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Our. 44

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ca n!'rynarqv. Mouuure npoxeKTopr{, KaKtBro e nao6pa3erluflr r{a

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l{pocrpenluara pu6a ce HaHI{3Ba Ha KyKaHa npt= 1!"f,"5' Ho 3a

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@nr. 45

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Ba n0,[, KoHTpOJia Ha cnopr]icra'

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MeHHre j\'ry.

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I4:rsxsa'rnre yc,,icBr{fl no3BoilaBar na clr o6acnrrM 3aildo noBerlerocbc're3are,'rH or BI,icoKa K,'Iaca He ce Harpantsgr e oKoro c Heo6[NIroeeHI,II(aqecrBa Ha cBosTa r'rycKy.irarypa Ir p'bcr. A xaxro ure BrlAHh{ B cJreA-BauoTo lroA3at,rraRr{e, HflKor{ llpyrll KaqecrBa FIe cah{o KoMneHclpaT,*lo r1 B3e\raT Bp:L,X I{aI ar,'leTll3Ma.

6u 6u,ro sa5,ry^Ia Aa ce xrilc.{u, qe aKo cnoprr.icrbr e HaAapeiror nprrpolara c us6poeHure AauHr.r, 'r'o roBa e Aocrarr,lrro, 3a Aa rpa6HexapnyH B pbr{a. Heo6xoArruri ca cnequarrl3ripaFlH TpeHr.rpoBXH gaT.fiXHOTO yKpeilBaHe H pa3BrITHe, 3a nOA,ln,plXaHeTO I4M Ha BLICOKO

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Toea e Bb3[4o]KHo. llpaxruvecxpi craBa Ayx{a 3a MeTor,uqHo Ltg-oc'rpflFre Ha 3peHr{eTo. llpi.r rt,pceHero Ha pu6a ne e Aocrar'r;rrHo 4a cer/'rena c oqure'r'aKa, KaKro ce .nrc6ynaue ua xy6ae neligax. PH6ono-Beubr N{o}xe Ia r{3rpaAr{ crroco6nocrra ,qa yJraBr }Ie caMo [peAHHTe,Iio r{ or,4aJreqeHrire rIJraHoBe eIHoBpeMeHno. llocrenesuo rofi ule cB[KHeAa BijxIa Ir npeg cBer,Ilocel{Kure,Aa 4euru$pupa rr,L\{HrIHara, ga,,sao6fi-Karq" c nof,'IeA fipelqrcrBng or poAa Ha x,regy3r{, BprcoKa pacrllTe,rlHocr.u Aax{e cKa,'rHrr o6pasynaHns. B rasu Bpb3Ka BeAHib}K rryxMe rtspasa,ue e go6rp oHs xapfiyHr.icr, cnoco6er-r Aa Bu)KIa He caMo c oqare, Ho LI

c HeonpeHa cu. <Dpasara no cBoer.ry H3pa3flBa r.r3yMnreJrHa BT,3Mo)KHocrAa ce eKcn,'Ioarr.rpa qoBe[IKoro 3peHHe.

C6ur,ara rplisuuecxa noAroroBKa, KoflTo ilDeuopr,traxMe Ha fMyp-xaqa, e Inofino no-3aA:bJrN(r{Te,rrHa sa xapny}rtrcra. Ho rs rqe r.rMa eA-liocrpallqlrB xapaKTep, aKo He ce o6'spue BI-IlIMaHr,Ie LI Ha HnKoIr BTo-pocrefieHHrr $aNroplr. B rqxHoro qLrcJIo uail-ro,rsuo sHaqenHe ].iMa Myc-liy,'Iarypara Ha ropHZre xpafiHuqu.Ha pr,(ere e orpeAeHa rB:bpAe MHoropa6ora B nolBoxr{rrx pu6onoe. Cunoepl Aeilcrsl,ls ce H3ncKBar He caMo[pLI 3ape)KAaHe Ha xap[)rHa, a ]r [ptr oule Mrioro Ma]rrjrry,'rauun. Hexa Hesa6panxue, qe pibKara, KoflTo rrocr.r opb)Kuero, e o6peuena Ha [poAr,,'I-

94

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Ha 6aeata Ha $nsuuecxara o6ycnoneHocr xaptryur4cr6r e gan:bJl)Kerr

,Aa craHe cbBbprxeH nrypKarr. Or sci4qxi.r KoMrroHeHTr.r Ha rrvlypKaHerooco6en aKrIeHT 3acJrylKarar cJIeAHHTe: yBernqaBaHe aflHerrra 4o xpaft-Hr4Te Eb3MOiKHOCrr{ 3a CnOpTrrCTa; nJryBaHe rio.4 BoAa no xopr{3oHranac Mr{}ruMaJreH pa3[,rax Ha flepKr,rre; ceo6o4ura 4eiicrelrx ua 4l,t6ouunaao 15 m (aa .repnoMopcKr4re yc,rroniln). 14 oqe Heql - eABa "rrr.e xofi smae KaK:bB rp.flx, aKo rMypKaHero ce r{3BT,prxBa rro cpaBnr4're,'rHoulyMelr HaqHH. Mri4H, oxd{roBr4 LI paq}I ule ocraHar no Mecrara cri, ts

noc,tleAr{oro nxxofi Fre 6uea Aa ce c:bMuqea. A,'Ia JIoBeqr,T Ha pn6a eAJTTj;r{e}{ Aa i43qrrcTrz Tosu 4e$eN't Ac cTeneH, qe IIpocTo Aa ce ,,BMbKBa,,B:bB BoAHara cpela. TurunHara e Ha,'Io)Kr4Ter'Inr,rrrr pelKI{M, xoliro qe cec[a3Be ].I uc-]rararbK. Toea il{e peqe HlrKaKBa pfl3Kocr B ABr4xeurdflTa,IIUKaKBO risnycKaHe Ha BT,3AyX llpe3 tuHopxe,,Ia, Hr,IKaKBo BJ]aqeHe rIaOJIOBHI{Te Tex(ecTr,r tro A:bHoro, HI,IKaKBO cNy6aue Ha BoAopac[rl4. .

@lleflqecKrlre Kar{ecrBa'ri:lx6ea Aa ce noAqr4HflT Ha ocHoBuara 3a-.4aqa - npocrpe,{BaHero Ha AriBer{a, a He Aa 6ugar caMorle/'IHa AeMoH-crpaulis Ha crrila r.r HBApr,)K/'ri4aocr. O6paeHo Ka3aHo, Te ca cKibrrorleru-IIr{rr Kal\fbK, rroAd'Ie}Kalq na runz$oeaHe or c[eql4aJlHara [oAtoroBKa.

ficuxHqecKr{ KaqecrBaflcmxuqecroro BT,opbxeHtre Ha rro{Bo4r{us pt,t5cnceeq e or gaft-pasuoo6paseH xanu6rp : MopaJrHo-Bo,TeBa ycroft uznocr, irHTeJrr{teHT-Ilocr, nar{er. . . Ho HeKa ganor{HeM c pa3t,'Ie)KAaHero Ha BT,rrpoca I Aail[4cr,IqecrByBa raKa HapeqeHnflT,,,ros4>rrzficxr.r HI.ox".

Moxe Aa ce nopoArl cflop, AaJrH ,rroBA)Kuftcxunr Hrox Ha xapn]]11.1g13IIpeAcraB!'IflBa BpoAeHo ,,o5oHflHne" K6M AuBeqa LIJIn e pe3y,'ITar oroB.rraAsBarie r:bHKocrr.ire Ha cnopra B irpoAb,{xeuHe Ha roArlHrl. ll:speoroe [o-npnMaM,rrflBo, a BToporo c:bAbp)r{a noBeqe JIorr{Ka. tr4ct<a sw ceo6aue4a 3aMecrr.rM ToBa noHflTr.re, Karo orAaAeM AaH Ha nroSpaxeur.rero,Koero Br'rara xap[yHncrbr tro BpeMe Ha eKcle/drrqlrrzre cu. Ta:u nero eacnoco6uocr He cxBarqaM3 Karo BKyc Kr,\{ Sanraanpaue, a Karo notrofir{ -Ha aKTr{BHOCT Ha MHC,'IeHeTO, IlpeAyta)x{aHe Ha cr{'ryaurlr4Te, r,rFITyr.ITr4E -r{o Ao,raBqHe Ha reHAenquu. Vls6poeHr.rre xaqecrBa eABa r'rr{ ce uo6nparnoA rrox.xylaKa Ha ero6pax<euuero, rrotJleA,Haro or rlo3tlqrlu Ha ,'IeKcLi-KoJrotr4sra. tr-{o raxa r{,'l.r rrHaqe HqMa [o-rroAxorxrru,a eMo[Ho]tarHa Ay-Ma, 3a Aa ce o5e,InHflT Te3rI Ta.rIaHTJIr.rBr4 rleptu.

MopanHo-eoJreBara ycroiivznccr e Karetopt4n, tra qrrero rtylorBop-Ho 4efrcrsae ce orAaBar ro,TKoBa 3HaMeHr.ITH rrocrux(eHurr B crropra,Ko,'rKoro r.I Apax{arr{r{utt o6paru Iz tropa)KeHIzfl, Koraro rfl e ,'IHncBa,rla.

95

tr4gx,rroqfireJlHo BaXHa e Tfi fi B IIOABOAHI.I9 pN6onon BCJIeACTBHe Hal

np""t"lutu nay oco6enocru. rlacr or rflx ca cBt'p3aHI'I c oKo"inara

o-il*or. CnoorHcysr e 11ocraBe]I B ycJIoBI4fl' KtAero qecro ce qyBcrByna

nblttt.nu" ir 6esnoxaoqen" Toft Mo)Ke Aa 6t'.4e npecne'4tsan or Bue3an"

no pur""nuTa ce 6yps,Aa 6rAe I4sHeHaAaI{ OT CII"TIHO TeI{eHI{e I4Jli'I M'brJIa",

Aa My ce cayqH seulo lleoSlrKll0BeHo IroA BOAarz. ANO,'ll',incea AoBepI{e

g cobcreenrire cunu, x,'IaAHoKpr'BIIe H Bo'rlfi Aa ce [pe'u'o!'Iee [pelq'r-CTBU€, KOeTO e I{alfieA Hel]pets3l'l}'1ae}'10' XapflyHItCT:t'T e 3aCTpaIUeH Ae'

T/r.ry.6w Helqo noBeqe oT e.ll.l4H CnOpTeH pesvi-IraT'- hpouo*HpaHero Ha HeroBr4q Mopa,'r qecro liAtsa or rrsJrHara JrHIIca.

nu pn6, Ii,rI'I or cepus Heroql{ocr}l e crpen6ara' B raK}tBa c'rlyqa}r

uepn4xo sB'rleHi,te e rofi.{a I'l3naA}Ie n 6eapaa''ll'lul{e'a floHflKol'a B pacrg-

qa nepnuocr rrltrl otqal^Hne. Bofltlra ce epoSi{pa i4 cnoprl'{crr'T e npe'q'

npara Ha notperuHo p"IU*ni". llo apeue sa nlo6urercKr4 JroB rosa o6r.{N-

IIoBeHo 3HaqI4 npe)KAeEpeMeHHo 1'13"I1{3aHe Ha 6pera' a no BpeMe Ha

CT,CTe3aHHe - npHlIUpqBaHe C He3aBl'IAHO Kr'IaCI4paHe'

ts cQepara Ha Mopa,rlHo-EoJleBara ycroiiuunocr orHactlMe 5es No*

n"OrrH6:iz npo6,rema sa Mo6nnw3at\t4nra Ha clloprrlcra. 6u.itn cue

cBuAere,tuKaK no Bpelue Ha rypliupll $aroptlrlt.nponl.lafi-Ear IrlaHcoBe-

"u"",paautlrafixn'HaxpeBT'3x.oACTBoront'n$rrstlxa'6oraronI{TIdjTexHtiqecKl{ cpbql{ocrlt" Te .qeficrnyBar pa3ceflHo' H€oxorHo' qaKar

UtacTr.reTo 4a ie yc*lllxHe, T. e. pudure CaMH .II,a 3acTaHaT ''peA

CTpe-

JraTa, c eAHa AyMa .- Hairuqe e nb,[]rara ncilxo-Qusn.Iecxa AeN{O6[-

$vsa\\r1tt. B r<pan ua 6op6ara re ce oKa3Bar 3a.4h'lllnarll or no-cna6w

CT'nepHHilli' HO nSpaSXOABau|U Uqd'IaTa CI{ eHeplHq-I'i yMe}I}Ie'

3a unre,rureqTHbcTTa HflMaMe IIpaBo Aa KslKeM: A06p9 e' aKo n HMa-

Br,e ecHq.xH o6"racrn Ha )KMtsOTa [polpecbT e HeMUCd'IUM 5eg crnonuocrxr'm e$eNrIaBHO BHHKBaHe B Aerafi,'IilTe, 6e3 TB0prrecKo orHo[IeHI',Ie

KbM TeOpeTHqHoTo rro3IIaHHe. 3aeAgo c r"IRTKaTa co'teHa BOAa IloA-

"oA"""i pu6oloneq rpa6ra Aa ,or'e" or HeMa"liKo Apyrj'I I'ISTorIHI'Iun'

3a Aa .4OCTr.rtHe Br4COKa Knaca. A Te ca npocTo HeI4SrIepnaeNIH: OKeaHoJIO*

trHg, oxeaHorpasun, xu4po5uu.norr4q, I4XTl4Or'IOrHfl' Me,4I4IU4Ha' aHaTo-

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qecKtl 3HaHHg. . .'Ai<o e yqacrHHK B Cbcre3aIlilg, rofi rpn6na Aa Ilo3HaBA

BCr.{qKr.r npaBr4JrHr.lqu n Hape46u, Aa l43yrlaBa LrcTopllflTa Ha noABOAHI{fi

Dil6o,ron,'Aa 3nae ,{eronnca Ha MIIHa"IH TypHlzpll, 3anoMIIeHH c

iapantepHrz ct6u'r's u noyrlnre"Inu raKTllqecKli yAap14''trtrnle,rurenTHocTra Ha xaprryHHcra e penu'reJlHa 3a aAanTaungTa

*V " n"nounuri

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Aa npeAnpl4"*u'r, ,,"na.4afixu B Heu3Becrua cpeAa' Canaouy-ncrwte'ro

I{M Cna.na ,u,a)Ke or cpeuara c Heno3Ha'l'ara pacrureJIHOCT' Ha rgx e

fieo6xoAllM Abdll:bl nepuo4 Ha npl,Icnoco6nnawe, a BpeMe'ro He qaKa -

96

rrpoBaJrfl ceA6r'rrooqaKBaH eKcKyp3r.roHeH A,eH B oTAaJIerreHa aKBa-Topr4fl. Ilpeo6naganarllrre cryirau ecrecrBeno ce orHacnr 3a c:srpr.rKoc-HoBeHr.rsra e Apytra Mopera, Ha xHJrflAH Kr4JroMerpr.r or poArlHara. llo-creAr4r{r4re ca xpalino Herrpr4flTHr.r, Koraro craBa BT,npoc ga yqacrueB OTIOBOpHII Ct,CTe3aHI4fl .

flpucnoco6nBaHe ce HaJiata qecro r{ npu 4o6pe HgBecrHr4, rro-ceIIIaBaHr.r Berre 3oHH. Utwa ce npeA BnA nponneHeHara o6craHosxa spegyd'ITar IIa Bd'roueHa BaAi.tMocr Ilnu ueodzqatigo ctcroflHl4e IIa Mo-pero. Bmecro 6espas6opHa cMflHa Ha 4r,r6ounHr{re u Mecra'ra croprr4c-Tr,T Iqe HaryqKBa BflpHoro noBeAeHue Snaro4apeune Ha cBosra r4H-TEilflfEHTHOCT.

VKasanr.rqra Ha rpeHbopure no BpeMe Ha cbcre3aHrzfl rro npatsr{Jloce ct,o6pa:fiBar clnc cneuHQuxara ua no4no4nun pu6o.rloa, oco6euoHoraro ce ilpeABr.rlKAa l.r rr4r{Ho KJracnpaHe. Tona u1e peqe, r{e Ha cb-creSaredrrfl ce AaBa orHocure,'rHo to,'rnxila ceo604a ua Aeilcrnue. KaNsI-ITaKTr4rrecKr4 xo,qoBe rrle npe.4npueueroii, Ao KaKBa crerreH npaBHJrHoI]le pa3rieTe CLiryaI{HflTa, KaK lrle pa3[peAe,'rH cr4Jr]rTe Cv ro BpeMe3a npexoAr.I, TOBa e Ao ro,,IgMa cTe[eH B1)B Br'IaCTTa Ha FreIOBaTaHiITEJIHTCHTH OCT.

rlalcerra Ha xaprryHi.rcra e onopHa rorrKa Ha Herorara r4lrre,rr.rreFrr-Hocr. Tg cKpennBa KT,M cr,3HaIIi.Iero My reoperur{ecKL{Te [xoBHaHI,Ifl,Ir e oHfi cKJIaA, s Noli'ro rpatiuo ca 3alreqaraFlrr Bn€r{rTJTeH[IfrTa Myor o6xo4euure Mecra. Ho nauerra per[crpr4pa I.r FreilIa or He no-MaJIKaBa>KHocr. Kacae ce sa Ha6,'rnAeHr.tfi Bibpxy noBe"4eHrlero 14 HaBurulreHA AHBCI{A, HSBJICqCI{U OT IIPAKTHKATA. OCSCU TOBA T'I A]rP)KI,I FIA PASTIO.Jlo}KeHue uuoro6poiluI4 [pr.rMepr, ]xa cilo,rryKa 14 Hecno,TyKa no cyder_TIIBI{LI npHq}lH}I, T. e. nO 3aCJXyta U nO BLIHa Ha CnOpTHCTa.

Orqe c nTrpBoro rMypKar{e rraMeTTa ol.K,rroqBa HarpynBaHusra It3aloqBa Aa cny)Kr.r Karo npeKpace H peryJrarop Ha Aeficrrnnra.llauema Hv noAKaHfl Aa cMeHrrM opr,)r{r{ero B ,4aAeH Nlar, 3a-utroro B Heiisara perlrcrparypa [peqHsHo e or6ens3aHo Kora KaKtsOe HyxHo. Tg IiIi Kapa Aa ,,aBToN{arHgLIpaMe" noxBara, Nofiq,o nq-Kora HI'I e AoHecc,T ycrrex,u Aa He npLIJIaraMe oHfl, or xoiiro e noc,'IeABaJIHeycnex. llaueTra. . . Bnpouena HeKa cH [ro3Bo,'rr4M eAHO OTKJTO]IeHHe:axo rpr6na Aa ce r.i3nee xLrMH Ha rraMerra, roii rqe e npoc,raBa xpeArdBcl4{Ko Ha ToBa' r{e Tfi AocraBfl paAocrra Aa paSIiaSBaMe npex}IBerrll-irlire cI4. Koraro racHe AelIRT, oKoJro JryMTgllllifl ot:bFr e Hacrr,IIIIJItlacbT Ua Hefiuoro txecrBHe. 3a roea HlrKora ue i ce c'bpAHM 3a cKr'roH-HOCTTa AA npeyBedrillqaBa

,llpHx,rrcunarixu reuara 3a rrcr{xaqecKlrre Kalrecrna, rpa6aa Aa ceor6e"rexr, qe ''o

3Haqe'rie re AoMI4Hr4par Ha4 Qnsuuea*rie KarrecrBa.I IPI'CTO C R- CPEAI4TC HA NOABOAHHTC PU6O,TONqLI AA CE JIAHCHPA MI{EHIICTO,tIe Haii-AoSpnre ce onpeAeJrflT or ,,cr.lBoro BeulecrBo". Ho-axo roBa He

? Mb,'r'ra,rriBarr c[opr 97

BI4ItatH. e.TaKa, To ,IIOHS MOIKeM La CV, O6scnltlq 3audo xapnyHl'ICTI{ B

llo-HanpeAHa.na Bb3p acr ycnf BaT Aa no.q,4r,px{a'I AO6pO CT'CresaTe't1i(l

Hr4tsO. ,(D,n3KtIeCKHTe ctlr'II,t BCe IIoBeqe IlM II3HeBepflBaT, HO 3,'IaTHI'lfiT

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orHeMe I{e,{u crpaHl4l{lz. Ho re lle ca H3K,'lIloqeH[e ]I y Hac'Xapnyuucrbr tr-{uxo,Ta KtHee 3a[or{H? c'L,cre3are,'lHara cfi Kapfiepa

Ha 40_toAilruHa B-bsDaCr rr AOCra Bpe[iie ce 3aAr,px(a B qe,ryI{ara rpyna.Haerpurux 43 ro.(I'IHLI, roli rlocr11rHa I{afi-BI4coK !lH4,l{ELli{ya"{e}I

pesy,xrar }ia r,{elK,{yHapoAllu c:bc'l'e3aHH'I B K)rocnaeplfl B c'bllepHi.I-r{ecTBo c TotaBaulHi{Te oBeTur'Ia Ha eBplfleiicKl'Ia IIOIBO,4eH p{'{6DIOB.

MeroAu Tynapet Ab,'Itt{ toAl'lfll{ araKvBaule qe,'Ioro c IIpoMerltl'{E yc-nex. Fio rol'i 1,roxa ila craHe peuydI14KaHCKIi [Iax{IILIOFI eilBa na 41-ro-

Ar4rxHa ts:b3pacr, Kofaro KoHKypeHullflTa ce 6e paepacu aila q y Hac

r4Ma[re Hetlla'qKo M,'{aAI'I C'lCTe3are,'II{ or .I,o6pa Klraca' f,un'lurlpMltuee Cneqe,Ti{ npt{3a 3a Hali-Te}KKa'I'a plt6a Ha eBpOI]ei{CK01'tl IlT,pEeFI-

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KpI{Bau]eCiioHl{ellql4flTallaJIeTOBHHKa-BclII{Ko[I.eeHapeA'LI].oh,IAer-rflT € c"rrTjrre€ts 11 NropeTo -

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98

Jlrc6uu opreHrHp Ha xapr{yHHcrr{re e tsflrr,pr,r. Tr.rxuxr, 6es_rtseTpeH A,eH e ,lolut [peA3HaMeHoBar]He. AKO H BOAFIHTe n,,racTotse,ca B rroKoii (uua ce ilpeA Br.rA J'rur[cara Ha n{r,prBo BT,,'rHeHr.re), To MopeToH afloAo6fl Ba cbcrof HrreTo Ha B:b.TpeLuHri BoAoeh{r.r - x{r,rKpor{30BApr.r,.e3epa 14 1ilaTa. 3acroqr e B llb,'rHo cT,oTBeTcTBr{e c aKTlrBHocTTa HaKe$aJroBr.ire pr.{6fl - Baurara cpex{e c rqx e B o6,'racrra Ha HeBepoflr_riroro. flo-uHaqe crorrr HerrraTa c ,{aBpaKa, oco6eHo B KbcHa eceH.'Toii r:spcrl ruxoro \{ope, sa Aa ce ,,npfltrr{qa" Ha cd,rbHqe. II{e ro uane-PITTC B CAN,I].I'I 5PRT, HA HfiIIII}KHA Ab,'I6OqI,{HA I,I B HCTUIII4I{FIO 3A HCrO,cr,cToflHr.re rra IeTaptfir. Eesnerp,i{eTo He 6uea p,a BH OTKa3Ba OTts,'rH3aHe B1,B BOAara. TO e nperr'reuHo cbcroflHr.Ie, KoeTo no IIpaBr.tJIO CenpoMeFrrl B o6eAHZTe rraCOBe. Axo He r{cKare Aa r,t3rlaKare [oflBara Ha.,,uopcNan" (asrouHrzn) Bfirbp, Br.re l{oxere Aa ce tNrypKare Ha,,roB 3a{rorrrera. O5craHoexara e rl3K,'rrcquTe,'iHo 6,rraronpuxrga.

,,Eespl6uo" e Mopero ,'pr{ 3anaAeH, a Heprr4Ko r.{ 'pu

ceBepo3arraAeHErrrbp.l 3a or6enq3BaHe e, qe rlpor,trHa B o6craHoBxara ipy4noHa_,crbrrB& r.{ Tfi 3a[a3Ba xapaKTepa cu npe3 uer'ruq 4eu. 3ana4urzflT BflTbpu3T,'racKtsa lIo-Toir,/rt{Te fgpnu Ir,TacToBe HaBT,Tpe r,r TeM[epaTypaTa Ha]BON.ATA BI-1AI4I\{O CI]AAA, LIUCTTHO TO3H SAI{T B,IiI4fC B'bPXY IIOBCTCHI,ICTOrHa Keqla/roBure pu6lr, r{o BT,pxy Hero u{e c},cpeAoroqHr,r BHr{MaHHero cr.r:fi,{a,'rKo no-KbcHo. 3ana4Huar BrITr,p L. npli3FiaK 3a clloKoficrBlle Han'{opcKara noB:bpxHocr. AKo At'px{irre Aa He npeKT,cBaTe [oAroToBKaract{, AeFrrlT e 6,raronpnflTer.I 3a cTpe,'i6a rlo [oIIqeTa.

Ayxa ,'ru ceBepeH r.iJ'rn ceBepor.i3Tor{eH BflT',p, He ce AoBepseaiirei.f; ra Hlri{r.re npeAcr(a3aHue. flo,'rox(eH Hero rpn1Ba Aa npoBepnre nuuuo,"rrjt Naro ca Brj3N,{o}KHr{ r.{sHeHaAr{ r.1 B Atsere HallpaBJler{ua. ceeepo-H3ToqHI'IflT BflTT,p qecTo npeAlxecTByBa ol{oBa pfl3Ko Br'IouaBaHe HaMopero, rro3Haro I]oA r{Mero ,,r4e,'rre[,r" (or SpeHcnoro Mal temps, r. e..Jromo npelre). tr4:paeeuara cK,'rcHHocr Ha xe$anoerzTe BuAoBe Aa ce-,,3a[acfBar" c xpaua [peAH FraCTbrBaIJe Ua 6ypn noAXpaHBa onrtlivil{3-Ma 3a cn0,1yr{rr.rB noABoAeJ{ pr.{6o,'roB npr.r ceBepolr3ToqeH BrITT,p.

6ee None6aHr{e rpbrBar?re ere BpeMe, Koraro rocnoAcrByBa }r3-"TOqeH li,ltu rcrou3Tor{eH Bgrrrp. Tesfl ca 6esqeHunre Ar{{ Ha noABoAHOTO,olKr4B,'reHi,re. Aruoc$epHHre reHAeHl\fi1| CA yCrOftuHnu, Mopero e roflJro,AKTI4BHOCT YCTAHOBflBATC I]PH BCXqKU [PEICTABI4TEJIW HA NIOPCKATA,.$ay;ra. [onycruuo e B 3pr.{re,]rHoro Ba rroJre Aa ce norrBr.r unNori'paAtx.HerdH npeACTaBr,rTe,T.

E axruulans ce3oH 3a c[opreH rroABoAeH pn6onon y Hac (ronn_,oxrol,,repu) Iox{eH H r.oro3anaAeH Bqrbp rrorrrH He ce fioqBf uut. Ho sa.cMerKa Fra roBa qecr tocreHHH e, MbprBoTo ts6,,IHer{ue, o6pasyeaq,S ce.uo lrMtry,rlcuBeH nbr no4 ers4ei?crBriero Ira BeTpoBlI BT,,'IHH OT Cpeuy-

l Pasronoprr ce BoAlr ea 6t,nrapcxr.rx dpxr ua gepno mope. B c,Iyqafl salaA-iHr{riT BqTbp Ayxa oT cyrrraTa.

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99

noJroxHure 6perone Ha MopcKHfl 6acefis. Hero uoxeu 4a ua6,rrclaealrenpu nT,JrHo 6esnerpue, Ho cr,tqo h rrpil BcqKaKtB Bgr6p. B noc,re4Hunc,ryuafi AoMr.rHr{paqt,l ocraBar MT,prBHTe BT,JTHH, AoKaro $opvnpannreor reKyxlafl Bfrr,p B:b,'rHrz ce flBflBar Karo rflxHa ,,$ptrsypa", qecro trbrr{pagHorrocoqHa. Mtprnlrre B:b,'IH14 npoHI4KBar 4t.ri6oxo H cr,gAaBa'I:HeprMoBep Ho noBerre 3 aTp yAHeH n g H a [oABoA nv,x p u6o noBer{, oTKoJrKoToHati-BlrcoKizre BerpoBr.r B6JrHr.r. Onnrsure xapnyHr4crr.r ord{r.tr{Ho noBHa*Bar HeyKporuNrr.rfl 6ncga BoAHHTe trJracroBe, xoiiro t.r4,'rroJree HanpeA-IIasaA H rrz Kapa Aa rp:bnHar 3a ue,'rocrra Ha eKr.rnr4 poBKara cr.r. Ho re ue6uxa ce r4gilaraJrr4 Ha onacHocrlr, aKo He 3Haexa, rre rexHr4gr AHBeqrrecro Hace,'rrea Npaft6pe)KHHTe BoAr.r B TaKoBa Bpex{e. 3a yuyAaaHe e"ue pv6ure Morar Aa ce orKpntrr H B caMHfl npa6ofi - Tosr.r Hcrr4HcKHaA oT Mr,Tr.rJrI{a r4 HaKbcaHZ BoAOpac!'r14. ilcAeoAeH pIz6o,uce B TaKaBao6craHoBxa Moxe Aa ce [paKTr.iKVBa cal,ro oT MHoro onliTHlr xoparJraBHo no cro6paxetvtr sa cnrypHocr. Ana He ca 6es sHar{eHue 14

TpyAHocrt4Te no npHKpHBaHe Ha ,'roBerra r4 cnoKoliHoro npur{eJrBaHe Epu6trre. llpz rona [oc,rreAHuTe ca sa6enexr.ireJrHo Hecnoxcfiul.r oqe-BLTAHO nOA MHHMaTa OnaCHOCT Ha 6fiCHO K,TaTeIqHTe Ce BOAOpaC/rIfi.

Bce cqer'{aJlllirHacrzc,ryxarc 6apolrerr'pa B rr,TairI,rpaIJe Ha d'IoB-HIare 6enesn. Toen ,,Aox'ra[Ie]I raAare,r" Irlra MHoro no-yulrBepcaJrHosHaqeHrie r 6poeHnre AHu Ha MopcKoro ,rqro. Tor2 Mox{e Aa HH 3acraBnAa orJIo>KIdM H,Tr{ aa uz6apsaMe c npoeKTupaHufl nor{lrBen AeH, AanpeHacoqzM I.rr{repecnre cr{ or eAHo fioJre K:bNr ,qpyro. 3a xapnynucrrrrec 4o6rp ycer crraAaHeTo Ha aruocSepuoro Ha,'rrrraHe e Bepeu 3r{aK, qe'

xe$a,ronzre pn6u nracono ue Hax,'IyflT B rIo3HarHTe My r'IoBHr.{ gol{Ir..

14 se cauo MacoBo. Cnotresarara Berre rieo6ysAaua ,'rar(olrr.rq irpeAlr.BJrouaBaHe Ha BpeMero rir rpaBr4 He[peArra3,TrdBr.r H He cnyuaiiuo roehca AHr4Te c uafi-l'rsoro rorraAeHxa. BnpoueuK:L,Ae r{3qegBa pu1ara no'BpeMe na ne,rrem? Cnope4 eAHH qrara ce rpyrrupar Aa,'req or 6pera u,galloqBar KpT,roBa Mr.rrpaul4fl. Cnope4 Apyrlr pnlara ce r43Ter,'rg B,

At,rSoxare cnolcofiuu no4u. Tau HeBeAHb>t< ca BI4xAar{14 cr,6paHn xilJts,*II4 eKgeMrrJlflpu, 3acrarafir4 B noxoii IIa qlrcro rrgcbrrno ArbHo.

C.rraSo orreHeHa, Ho rBT,pAe BalKFra e poJrrira Ha reMleparypHurexo,re6aHr{s BT,B BoAHara cpeAa. HepnHara cHcre\,{a ua pu6ara e noATflxHoro H3K,rlroqr.rreJrHo ers4er?crnHe. Tyr e r4ficroro Aa loAqepraeM,.ue pu6Hre FIqMar rrocrof Fllra Ter'IecHa reMnepaTyp a, HLrTo n]'K 3aIqI4THaToIrJrr.iHHa peaKqrzs. Ton;ro,lrc6znure xetpa,roBx Br.rAoBe rroKa3Bar ilo.roJltMa )KlrgHenocr B 3aronJIeHI.lTe Ir/'racroBe. Ero earlo rlpLr 143cryAfl-BaIquTe SAIIALHLI iI CeBepoSanaAI{Z BeTpOBe Te Ll3qe3tsaT OT IIO3HaTLITeMecra. CunHoro cnaAaHe r-ra BoAHara rer,rneparypa, Kosro Molr(€ [3rHacrTrrru H no Apyru npnrrlrHu, ue SHna Aa Brr or.raii.ea Harrb,'rlro.IlpaxruNara noKagBa, qe pr.r6ara e rrporoFreHa caMo or noBbpxFIocrHllre:rrJracroBe. Hepx4xo rs 3aeMa Ao,rrHr.rre ,,era)KH" - MexAy 8 u 15 rir,

100

grn6ouuna, Ho raM tlMar B,Tacr caMo xapflyHr{crtr c BLrcoKa KBa,{I{-'Sr.rxaqvx.

Pasropeqenn cnopoBe rrpeAr.r3Br.rKBa rae6opm Ha noAxoAqlllrrerqacoBe Ha AeHfl. Hene4urx Ar.rcKycrirrre ca ce npeuacfl,Jtv rz Bbpxy

BHar{eHaero Ha MopcKr,ITe [pT,IJIHBI{ H orJII,IBI,I. Brnpocure sac,lyxaBarEHTZMaHT{e, rtft Naro Qusauecxure Bb3Mo)KHocTr.I Ha c[opTI,IcTa He MO-raT, nT,K A He 3acfiyx{aBaT Aa IIOHaCflT eXe.qHeBHLI HaTOBapBaHHE OT7-8 qaca" E4un no4no4en pu6o,roe or 2-3 qaca e B Kpr,ra Ha pa-3yMHOTO.

Cnope4 HflKor.r aBropr{ rl lrpaKrflur4 xe(ra,ronnre pw6n 6wnwnr,z-iiIpHe/'IrI qoBeIrIKLrTe HaBHUK H npOCTO HMar'I[ Cna6OCr Xtlt O6eAUrare-IlacoBe. Crrnacuo rBbpAeHlrflra wa pw6ap[ Haflr-sxcoxa aKTHBHocrce,r-la6lrogana,{a B pa}rnnre qacoBe (or 5 4o 7 u.).3ac:bxa,-reHueroBaiBpeMe ce sBfiBa uey4o6uo or peAHrIa rJreA[rrz ror{Klr.

Macoeoro HaillecrBue ua re(ra,ronuTe Br.rAoBe e o6yc"roeeno or""fieuanro $anropn, HflKorr or Kor.rro Beqe pa3rJreau"r'e. Ho e Haft-

o6ulu nusur.r BpeMeTo or l l go 17 q. ce flBflBa naft-n,to4oHocso. AHa-";rra3br sa 6rcnerusr.rre or cr,cre3aHr4fl no rioABoAeH pu6onoe y Hac coqr{IIN,reHHo rasv nvarasoH. tr4 aNo rp{6na 4a 6tgeu cbBceM KoHKperrrr{,.Haii-er.rcoNfi pe3y,rrarr{ ce orr{urar N{e)K{y 15 u 16.30.1.

Kpavi<a lro KparrKa H3qep[axMe [ocraBeHlrq BT,npoc: rpn6na.ltv Aa rza6upanae 4eun? B nait-cuure3upaH Br{A ortoBopbr e, qe rprSea"4a ce cro6pa3rrBaMe c AeHfl, Ho He rr 4a ro us6upanre. Bcern AeFr [pe3aKTLTBHLtfl ceson 6H Mott,,T Aa nMa cBorITa 4o6pa, MaKap n ue rr"iir,rroAoBr,rra crpaHa. EcrecrneHo Aer{flr, roiiro Berr{ae u{cplr 14 3acrpa-.uana co6crBeHara rr razil Ha Apytapflre HH ct g5a, rpt6aa [,a 6r1er(areropur{Hc orxBbpJreri..3a raxnea AHr.r He 6nea Hfir(ora Aa ce cb>Na-"-,'rfltsa - [ollEo,AHr{{T prz6onon e He caNro 6eapesynrareH, Ho H rBTrpAe0IIa:eH.

Vlrecruo e Aa orBopr4iu cr<o6a 3a cbcrorrHHero rra N,ropero H rrocoKaraiJta BerpoBere, TaKa Kaxro re ce cpeu{ar B roBopr,rN,rvfl esvK ua pu6apws Mopqqu. Xapnynucri.rre 14Mar BKyc K:1,r,{ crpaxotrorrr{'r,areJrHo Bn3-nptIeMaHe Ha TexHLIf e3tIK, C NOftrO Te BHHatt{ r,t3t-rTe)K,qaTHfiKaKcHs,uo-MopcKIi". B roea HqMa Hnu{c r'Ioml. 6eAara c B eK/TeKTLITIHIIfl:xaoc cpeA Har,rMeHoBaHr,rqTa, IIpcr{3TeKb,ri oT npeAl]oqI{TaHl{tt, Kbr\{ tpr,q-J{r.rs, pycK}rq, TypcKr{fl H Apytfl e3rrr{ij. He cr,rqccroyBa cr,MHeHr.re,.'-{e c,'Iox{HaTa e314KoBa ria,nrrTpa e IIpeArIOCTaBria 3a FIeTOT{HOqTr.I UiHec:bBfiaAeHI'tfl, HfKOI{ OT KOHTO UIe H3TbKtleN{ II()-HaTaTT,K.

Be're ce orllaAe BT,3MolKHocr Aa 6ece4eaue 3a ,,l,re,ilreM"-a, rar{a .re'Ter!{ara clrr.rraMe Ba r.r3qepttaHa. Hanoc,reAlx o6rl,re craHa MoAHo Aa ceynorpe6xna Ha uerligo Mflcro AyMaTa ,,[poBe3a", Ho B Mnoto no-'yHI,IBepca,rIeH cMricT,,l. BepOXTHO rA e nro4atl)r.{Karlurl sa aHrnuftcNararflpr.Icranulrll{o-x{apronHa ,r{yMa Prowest, Korrro gHaqrz cr,crorlHr,re Ha

101

BpeMeTo c'treA npoAr,JrlKHTei'teH 3a[a:]eH BflTbp (Sa aurn,izficrnt.e'ocrpoBX - arJrar{rr.rqecKH nnrt'p). Auxeurpax\,re AEaAecerr4H.a Ayrrr.r}.nocJryx{8,'ru cH c llyr,rara B pa3toBop, ir nor'ryquxue ro,TKoBa Ha 6por:i.cxoAnri, lro HeeAHogHar{Hu orroBopil. OSeguHrrBa fu 6e.rlerlr ,,pa3BaJ're*"Ho BpeMe", Ho c rrporl,rBocro.fitqrd rBbpAeHnrr sa rlccoxara Ha Btrbpa.B xrcna Ha ,,rpoBesata" a"rlfigoxa H xropcKara 6ypn, r,i AT,)r{Abr, ritclr,rIHOTo BT),.rHet'tr4e, H 3acTylfi BaHeTo.

Bnpouen'r 3a lropcKara Sypn 4aaan,re npeAnorJHraF{rre ua anr,rurlcNus:,,u1op[,t", AoKaTo o3Har{aBai{ero il c BflTbpa ,,6apa", KaKTo IIIe Br.r.4rzM no*I{aTaTbK, e HeAopa3yxde}rile, Abfix{aulo ce I]o tscqKa BepoflTHqcT Ha:seyxono4o6aero (6ypa-5opa), KaKro tr Ira yFrurrlox{HreJrHara ruy'cKopocr pr 30 ao 50 l,rerpa B cei{yuAa. B xptra Ha sByKonoro ,,poAHr.iH-crBo" crol.i H rptrrixoro Ha38aHue Ha ypatau (eux:np), a xMeHHo.6ypir". 3a eHeaanuo BbsulrKBarqa, Ho 6tpso npexo4na dypt cee,II aJIOX(lllrlO O ilpeAe,TeH 14erO,,tllXea,r".. 3a cnoxcliuoro ,,npHcrrauo" I\4ope AoNrUHUpa aH,rr'ItrftcKoT0 ,,I1l.rJr" H'

r{ra,'ruaHcxoro,,6oHar{a" (orronaptulc u a (rpeucroro Bonace). Cpeularce z ,,60Ha11a ira!a", ,,6yria uapa", a rBbpAe psll,Ko,,ouTHBa" (npN $paH-i{y3r4re - Mer D'huile)..3a 6esserp}le Bce cu1e Mo}Ke na ce q,veTypcKoTo ,,KaATlH xasac'i" (xeucxo npeue).

Tnr,pAe octlopBaHo 3uaqenr.ie cror.r 3all ynorpe6ara Ha lol{fiTr{eror,,coryraH". 3a egull ro e qr4cro rr fipocro \,rr,prBo er,,rsesue. Apyru ntNr{spa3flBar c }{ero B,'rorleHara npo3paqHocr Ha BoAara . tr4 rrpu BTopure:He ctIIl3cTBVBa eAIHCTBO: ilOBeqeTO U3TT,KBaT pa3MSTBar]e no BpeMe tlCJie"q L'IOIIIHO Bb,rlHeHL{e; nO-l\{a,'IKOTO IIT,K fiX,laT rlpeA BI4A aI{Ti{tsI4311p2H0.,Suouacara ua @uron,raHKTolra r.i 3oon,,IaHKToHa.

TaNasa e H Kaprr4uara npa npeHoca Ha Bb3AyrxHr.rre n{aclt. I4eroq-.Hljqr Bgrr,p ce o6oenaqana wtft-yrar'it{o rto [tecr FlaqrlHa: ,,]"{cpcKu",.,,reBaHTec", ,,,'IeBaHTH", ,,aHaro!'ILtKoc", ,,ropfl3" ii ,,5pus". I,tr"anNo no-,pa3JI{qeH cr\'rHCT,,r ce BJIata B ,,6pr.i3", hrriuaBalq 3a ,TerHoce3o}ieu ocBe-.)KaBarr{ Berpeu, xoriro [pe3 Holqra Ayxa B o6parua rocoKa - or cylrraralKbM Mopero (brise de terre).

IOrolrero.rHurrr Bsrbp cp€qax4e i{aro ,,cflporoc" u ,,:e$np". Cauo rre

Speucxu're xaplyFrucrrr or6e,rqsear cbc ,,cl.lpoKoc" rolxnnq Bgtp,I{aKTO e Bnpoqel\,I II B }.{TaiIfiaIlCKI.lTe II3TOTIHIIUH

- B!'la}KeH iOlKeFI BqTbp

s Cwrunufl n loxua VI"ranws..toxuunr BffTrlp e ,.r'ro-loc" r.t ..FioTrroc".IOrosana4ur.{qT BfiTr,p ce c[ox4e]laBa KaTo,,ItrrBac", ,,ocrpr.Ifl", a oue

r,r Karo ,,6a,r errrp".3ana.qHaql BflTbp e tlpeAliMHo ,,6oHeHTr4",Ho cblqo ,,Bltrr4Koc" vr ,,Ka-.

pae.4" (ryp. - qepeu Bqrbp, T. e. HeiKe"raH Bflrr,p, xoiiro nporonBal

pv.6ara or 6peronere). tsze ila oqIl i]a3Hollacrrero Nre)KAy B/'ro]xeHoro,CbAT,pX{aHl.ie OT TypIlH I,I L{Ta,THaHqH - ,,6OHeurH" Ue4BVCMHCJIeHG,

102

r4ABa, OT H€rrI3 AO6pO, Xy6aBo, 6naronprlrruo. o6scseHlle Ha,{IpOTHBO-

peqliero ule orKpileM B pa3JrpqHoro reorpa$cro pa3no,tolgeHI4e'Ha

br.rrrupan"n fi HTaJIHaHcKItn 6plr. IIo cbIII,aTa ,'IoII'lKa 3a KaBXaaKI'{fl

6ptr uanprzMep gariaAHl4gr BflT:bp ce flBtBa Karo ,'NIopcKI4"'^ CeneposanaAHlrgr BfiTbp e "\{al4crpcc"

v ,,ul'lctpa,'I", }Io IloFIJ{Kola H

rcft ce o6$,sfl,sa 3a ,,xaPaeu'I".Cenepuuflr Bqrr,p e Mollono,'I[l3lIpaH Karo

"ApalioAaH" - B]JI|Z-pr43arIHff lta r4TalrualcKI'tfl ,,Tpe\4oHTaHa". TyN-rau Nlo)Ke Aa lo qyeM I4

xaTo ,,Bopeac". ' r

Cenepbr.t sroqHusr Bqr:bp e Hafi-nporfiBHl.{qr ua pn6apra u II.ABOAIII'I

p u6O,rOnUu 14 3aTOBa HanpaBO lo 3OBaT,,lte,ltelt"' O6uUaUlule TotlI{OpT-

ia oda.re ce npHAt,p)Kar Nlu,,fpeoc" u,rlrl KTrM ,,6opa"' Bopara e noily-rrr.rr KptIqeHl{ero cI.{ e HcnopoctaticNltq pailou, IdbAero rc'ii ce 3apax!,U,a

cypalal{Hac14J\a|pLt[peHocFIaCTyIeHKOIjTI4HeHTa,'IeHB63Ayx..HgriOu OcnOpBaT eTr,rhi./'rotHrIeCKaTa KOpeKTFTOCT Ila Ayl",l.,Ta, TtlH

Karo rfl npor.{3xoiKAana or Boperi - 6cr FIa ceBepFlljfl BflTlbp E ApeBHO-

tpTrrI,KaTa i\,{r.rTo,{ott4fl (pecn. ceBepeH, a He ceBepo143TorleH BgTT,p).' Hese,4rttx e cro\4ellaBaH II llflT'bp ,,rpeoc-reBaHTn"; KCfiTo' 6u

rpr6aano Aa o3Har{aBa ceBepol'{3ToK-I'l3roK' Tpy,fuo e Aa ci{ 1ipeAcTaBHM

cbilIecTByBaHero Ha TaK:bB Mex(AHI{eH Bflrt,p. Toti ngxrl I4JII4 B I{eo6I'IK-

HOBeHOTO r{ T:bHKO rro3HaHae Ha pu6apltre, Lr"tu B TflXHCTO e.bo6paxre-

Hrre. A e nouopziicNi'tl paI?oH Morar Aa IlocnopflT, rle HflNla raKTr'B

BflT1bp'a[L{a,,KpI{o-,'IeBaHTI,I..,T.e.cTyAeH-Iz3ToqeH.Haxpao xlle qr.{Tr.rpaN,le 6e3 r{oMeHrap }13Ba.1Ka Or llbrenl4cl4re Ha

I{. }4peuexl 3a AHxHa,'Io:,,Kaeaxa MI'l, qe HfiKora ryK 3a,4}'xBa orBbTpeuHOCTTa TOn6,'I BflTbp, HapeqeH,,CaN,tI{,'Iil", XOfiIO yHI'1il-trO)KABa

xuiara. . . L4wax pa3no3HaBar Karo ''paBH,'IHu

BerpoBe IIpeAn"IaAFIeu-

Hr.tflT ,,IIoHeHLe" orcylllaTa, BerjepHuflT ,,capoKoc" oT MopeTq Ii MelKAy

Tflx ,lnrA""aa,ur" "

no,ryuouluo 6esaedpue, HaperjeHo ,,6ouaua";uMeHaTa cBeAoI{aT 3a MHOrO oTAaBHaIUHOTO B"ll4f Hue IIa'tr{Tar'IIlaHCKaTa

MoperrraBarerHa rellMI1Ho,'Ior14fl (ponente, bor'-azza, scirocco - 4P46,)'

Ide6op na. Arncrno ,,

floAsoAnara cPerx,a e rearbp:br ua pli6ononrlnre Aeiicrsns' i4 Naro

BceKH rearbp rfl pa3no"Iara c pa3Hoo6paseu AeKop' [Ipn uaruure

'leplroMopcKli yc.rl0Bl4f ct'1urvgra ce pa3Bl'lBar cpeAHo Ha paSCTOflHVe

Ae-50 nr cl 6peronaravBt4t\a. lloaHaru ca o6aqe H MHoro 3oHH' KbAero

4erlcrsllnra 'ce npenac"t na 200-3C0 u nose'le Merpa cr 6pera' Tona

103

I I(. 14pe!eK. I{ss;necrno Br,,rrapux, 1899, q. II' 796'

r

CA I,IJII{ BPff3AHI,r B MOPCTO NOABOAHH PHSOBC, IJI]IW MA]IKVI OCTPOBII,I{JIH :OTAAJICIIEHI{ IJII{Tqi]HH, HAPEqAHI,I OT XAPTIYH}ICTHTC,,C.EXU".

Ma.nxo ca r43KrroqeH'flTa, KoraTo xapaKTepbr Ha nnopcxoroAT,H'He e B yHr.rcou c 6pera. O6[KHOSeH0 A6HOTO Ce flBflBa HetoBo ecrecTBeHoTTPOAbJIMCIIUC. B TO3h CMHCbJI [O-TPYAHO MO)KCTC AA PA3qHTATC HACKaJIHI4 I{aXOAKK B MOpeTo [peA [qCT,rrHa HBr.rUa na 6pera.

flpe4a roAr.rnr.r o6eNr ua suz\aaHrie 6g,xa u caMr{Te n,raxoee. floe-AIIHI{qHO, Ho Ilo;tlgg1g Ha ffTa, TaM Mox{exa Aa ce cpeIIIHar B ABr,r)KeHHexe@a,roeu pndn. Hacr'rrer{ara c trflyBrlrl r.r rMypKarrr4 BoAaAaJreqHenperr{3Br.rKBaure y[Jraxa cpe4 pra6ure. PesneNcrr Ha AoBepr]e orqacrr.rE 3A[A3EH H AOCCIA, CTI{IA IIOBCKT,T NOA BOAA AA HC HOCI.I B PbKATA CI;Ixap[yr{, Konr{e wnu oSuxttoBeHa roqra. Ho oceeH 40nepaero 4uecBCLITJKO OCTaHa,'Io e [poMeHeHO, lft,peo, KoJIHT{eCTBeHO prZ6ara e HaMa-ngna2-3 tttTli, I] BTopo, [,TaxoBeTe ca ripeHaceJleHl.{ TaKa, r{e BeporlT-H0crra or HeulhcreH c,ry.lail e cr{,THO yeennueua. B nponleueHarao6craHosxa se 6uxnre noc'BerBaJrn noAeb4nr.rR pu6ononeq 4o trp."MffCTO B TA3I,I KOMTIAHI{fl, IIPI,I BCC qC B HA[T,J'IHO 6CEPTZ6CU ACH I'IMEHHOB Kpaq Ha olodTeHI'ITe rloJlera cr,c cutypHocr Morar Aa ce orKplrtrr s,raOT TaKa HapeqeHaTa nttct'qHa n,TaTepHIIa.

Etnnapcuunr 6pnr Ha gepHo Mope 3a uracrae He e otpopil,reH caMo0T nJla)Kr{fi vBmr\w. [0cra ca 6,raronpHffTHHTe MeCTa 3a IOABOAeHpz6onoe, Karo H.rrKor{ or rflx ca craninu Hapr4qaTe,,IH[ BT,BBpr,3KaceAH_o r'i4g Apyro ,'roBno ct durwe H,rt{ c r4Mero Ha npeo6,na4aeaulur en4pr6a. HaueBa[trLrqr xaprryHr.rcr HflMa Aa 6r4e no4neAeg" aKo My ceBHyrilfi, qe EcffKo KaMeHr.rcro AbHo n0 qepHoMopcKoro r<pail6pexaenpeA,'rana cBoHTe rrraHcoBe. Pas6upa ce, ToBa oule He 3r{aqil H3paBHqtsa-He Ha ruaHc0Bere. ctqecrnyeaT [peA[oq[TaHu Hoc0Be rz saJrHBr{,KaKTo cblqecrByBaT v Mecra' [poBepflBaHlz oT crapl4Te xapflyHl{crl],TaKa Aa ce KalKe, or AbxlA Ha BqrT,p. 3a6e,rexnre,llFlo e Cblldo, qe I{ffKOrrgorrK ca o6uqaun B ToqHo orrpeAe,TeHr.r KaJreHAapHr.r fiepLroAr.r HToBaecn6psano c Ha6"rrc4eur.{fl BT,pxy x,rrdrpaqflqra

-ua pr.l6ure, 6vno c

HeeAHaKBOTO pasBr.rT[e Ha rp,ropara. oqe no-sHaMeHaTefiHo e, qeniodnnrl r\{ecra lroHqKora ce npbHe6perBar flopaAlr rtpi{q[Hn, Lrslro->KeH{Z B npeAurrlHara reMa - TeM[eparypHrr Nofie6aruun, cMrrHa ]raBCTPOBCTE H TEI{CHI,IfTA, TCHACHqI,III B ATMOC$CPHOTO HA,'If IAHCI,I AP.

F{ecnonyvn rrBr4s.T rzs6op Ha [{qcro B,rro[raBa [o,,ro]KeHr.rero Hacnoprr'{cra, rafi xaro y nac nponhKBar{eTo Ao aKBarophr..rre craBa npe-ALtMHo qpes cyxo3eMnr.r rpaHcrioprHr.r cpeAcrBa. Bpeme u ycJroBr.Ifl 3acMfiHa Ha 3oHara HqMa' ocBeH aKo BTopoTo B,'II,I3aHe e [potpaMLIpaHo IIoI{aqa,To. fxo rasu tlpuqr]Ha HsSoprr ia Mqcro e He caN,ro rrr,pBrrqr, HoH Har.r-rpyAeH Bbripoc Ha AeHfl. xoliro xapryHl4crbr rpn6na Aa peuaBa.AopH r.r roNaBa, KoraTo nopaAH 3arpyAHerrnfl or rpaHcnopreFi xapaK-Tep, Hetotsunr ue6op e cpaBHr.rrerHo otpaHuqeu.

104

I(asauoro naBa Aa ce pas6epe, qe BJrHfiHr{eTo Ha rodrrKoaa 4ia$epeu-'iupaHr.r .Saxropn npaBil HeB63MoxHo cr,craBrrHero Ha (Hexa 4a auapeuerra) aKBaropr4a,rHo-KaJreHAapHo-MereopoJrorHqHa sOpnryna. Buec.TO CbMHTIT€JTHH CXeMrz Ha qr.rTaTe/'Iq MoMe Aa Ce AaAe yBepeHr.re, qe cTbp[eJII{Ba ua6"rrc4arenHocT LI HqKofiKoroAr{rr]Ho nocroqncrso toil'U1e na6epe yMeHHero Aa nofiaAa Ha noAxoAflrrlr{re MecTa. EcrecTneno,AKO KOHIICHTPHPA BHHI\{AHHCTO CI'I B CAHA CPEAHA TIO IOJICMHHA AKBA-

Tgptts, [pr.rMepHo or Hoc Elrase 4o llonropze HJru or Cosouon 4oKn reu.

{I pedu nbpeun Jxo6

Ma,'lNo rro MarTKo noABoAHHqr pu6o.toneq Beqe e Ha caunx 6par.,,llpe4lrocrnero", 3a KoeTo toBopi.rxMe no BpeMe Ha cyrperxHuniait.,,cera e HarI:b,'IHo 3a3ApaBeHo _- rls6pauo e Bpe[,rero, HaJIyrrKaHo e HMqcroro. I,{ ece [aK.

B Herosoro c:b3nanLre BepoffTHo ca ce 3a[eqaraJrzr Heo6xo4r.runrenpaBH/Ta_ I{ TbHKocri'I, c'bcraB'llffBalql4 [peAnocraBKara 3a HetoBlrqycflex. Krru rqx e Hy]KHo Aa ce Ao6aeqr HflKoH TOqKH, qHeTO Cna3BaHe€ 3AA:I,JIX{I,ITCNHO. TC HE CAMO 3ATBAPqT BCPIIIATA OT MCPKH 3A CI{IYP-HOCT, I{O CIeCTgBaT I,{ AOCTa II3;'IIIIIIIHII pa3oqapOBaHLIg.

lloneano e Ha[oMHffHeTo, qe To[JIo3arrIHrF{r4rrr Kocrrov rpnlnagaCe IlaMoKpH orBT,Tpe rrpeAH B"rIH3aHeTo BT,B BoAaTa. llo rosz Haqr.rH,ce y,rlecl{gBa o6,rzqauero, w36nraa ce HgrlorfBaHeTo ts ,,IeTHI{Te AHLI,KaKTo r.r_cryAeHr.rre crpyfirn lro rfl,'roro, cr,3AaBau{r{ HenpHflrHr{ yce-erdaHr.tfl. B paHua IIpo,'reT rr,'Irir xbcHa eceH ce npu6nrea4ora"rxupaneHa rrlJloro Ia o6,reNnoro.

_ Cne4ear(a.. Mflpr{a e qflJlocrHara rrpoBepKa r-ra cuapq)KeHr.rero B,6tAeIrlara 6ofisa o6craHonxa" Tq sanoqBa oT r.I3rrr4Tariue Ha rrr,raBae.n4ocrra. Cnoprrzcrr,r e HatoAr.r,ry cnos, 6anacr rro BpeMe Ha rpeHupoB-KI,rTe Iro tMypKaHe, HO Ceta r,IMa HOB eJIeMeHT -.- Ha,'r[qneTo Ha xapIIyH.Axo roii e r/'raBaeM, 6anacrnwgr Ko,rraH rqe ce Hyx{Aae or 4o6anra ria@,'rotso.' 14 o6parHoro.

Brsnos MoMeHr e [pocrpe,rBaHeTo Ha optx(rrero. VnpaxueHr{flTaHa cyxo ca sa6pauenlr Aopr4 H aKo He ce rocraBu Kop.qa Ha crpe,lrara.OcseH'qe eKcflepr4Mer{r[Te ca xpairno o[acHr.r, re r{e npfirracsr r.r

'ror-3a - xoAbr Ha crpeJrara [oABe)KAa, rrll Karo rq ce ABr{}KlI B cpeAac IIo-Ma,/IKo cbnporuBJrenue. tr4guon3yBaMe noBoAa, 3a Aa noArrepra€M,qe [poa3Be)KAaHe Ha r]3crpe,T c [HeBMarr.rrrHo op6)Kne Ha cyxo (aaxeu 6es crpe,ra n qeera), e a6co.nrcrno HeAo[ycrnuo. B.ss4yrrrHara cpeAaue IJpaBLI IJr{KaKBa .,,Bb3t,llaBHLIUa" Cperqy xoAa Ha 6vra,toTo, KoeTo ce

t05

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yApfl cbc crpauHa c\ira B yc[oKoflBax{I4g raMnoH vr pas1wBa I,l/]lI4 ce6ecLr, LlJrVt qeBTa. MuoroxparHr{Te rlpocTpedrBaHuq rIoA BOAaUde AaAaronopFru Ha6,'rroAeH[s 3a Heo6xoAHMHTe KopeKUHI.L Te ltorar Aa ceoTHacflT 3a A:b,lxliHaTa Ha KOpAaTa V ilaCTWr\VlTe, 3a HeI,I3npaBHocTx{

B CTpe,IIaTa I'IJILl Blbpxa, 3a HeAOCTaTT,qHO I'ldIIA npeKa,TeHO Har'lfllaHeB KaMepaTa Ha nHeBMarHqHf xaplyn pr AP.

llo npeue Ha I43crpe,II o6craHoBKara qecro craBa nplzr]l4Ha xapnyHBT.u,a He e ,'IxriefiHo [poA:b,rI)KeHI4e Ha TS,'IOTO Hr'iH tl:t'K p:bKaTaAaHe e

cr,Bcet\{ r.l3rrbHara. tdpe: rrpo6Hl4Te H3crpe,Illl ce ycBogBa IIpaBIl,'IHoToAbp}I{aHe r4 HsMecrBaHe Ha xapnyHa B pa3JIHqHLr IOCOKI4. o6rarpana-ce 14 nJraBI'loTo HarncKarJe Ha cnycbKa. Pegrllgr Harl,lcK llpI4Hy)K,4,aBapT'KaTa Aa noTpenHe, OT KO€TO HeMuHyeMO C,'IeABa OTK,'IOHflBaHe IlacTpe,IIaTa oT ue,'ITa.

Crpen6ara no r4sKycrBeHa HenoABH)KHa IIe,'l He e I]3|OAHa I'I e no-AO6pe Aa ce 3ar\,reHrr c npuuer'IBaHe B ABLI)KeIqI Ce OpraHI43MH. ocBertHeeCTeCTBeHI4fl XapaKTep Ha TaI<aBa TpeHI'lpOBKa Tfl 3aTBT:pAflBaHeue,recibo6pa3Hara 3a xapnyHl4cTa npLIBI{qKa or crpeJl6aTa c 6oiiriaEr'rr{ cloprHa nyuKa. llpuqe,lnaHero npH noABoAI-II]fl pl]60,'108 He CTaBa

ro x,'rac[qecKaTa oc oKo-[,repHllK-MyilKa. llo-orrpanlaHo e Aa celoBoplr 3a HacolrBaHe Ha ctpe,Ila'ra K:bN'I AI,IBeqa lI"lLI 3a T3K3 HSpe9eHzTA;

cTpe,'I6a,,oT XT','I50K".tr4ssecrguqr lucare"I Axefinrc olgptl,4>6 e He caN{o npLIflTeJI Ha

crpaHaTa Hrz, Ho r.r cTap no3HailHl,lK lia BapHeHcKI4Te xapl]yHHcr}rXapu Aur,opKoB H i4,run ltr{upKoB. HeBeA}l'b}K O,'IApI{A}K e ,'IoByBaJI cTflX.B rlepHoN{opcI{}.{Te EoA14. u{e Lu'l'll4paMe HeloBoro MHeHI4e no BT,npo-ca, oTpa3flBait1o Haxo.4qHBocrra Ha rtHcaTe,lq: ,,Bta ecexu ciloprToIIKara He 6LtBa Aa ce H3nycxa or oqH. llo ct'qus HaqI4FI e npil JIOB HaxBbpKaT AaBeq, cbuloro e r4 npH noABoAHI.rf pu6o,lon. He ce BfJIe)K-LafiTe, a cal{o Apr,}Kre norJreAa cI4 B},pxy o6eKra I{ Aallre Bib3MoxHocr"Ha oK0ro Aa Hacor{Ba opT,x{r4ero Blbpxy pu6ara. Tosa e Bb3l\,lox{Ho caMO

B C,Iyqaft, qe BHe He ce HaMecBare B ecrecTBeHEfl rlcHxl{qecKi4 npouec:14 nO3BOr'II,rTe Ha OqIZTe H pbueTe, a He Ha cBoeTo noAcb3HaHlle, Aar43Br'p[IBaT r\4eXaHHqeCKX BCI4TIKO, KoeTO e Heo6xoAqMo. oxoro B?l IqeHacoqBa xapnyHa B Hyx{Hara ToqKa AoTofaBa, AoKaro He I43nycKarer{er'rra or lror,'xeA. Ha nt,pno BpeMe H rlpu To3I4 HaqLIH Ha cTper6a BI4e

qe npaBr4Te rperuKH, F{o Koraro noc,'IeAoBaTer'IHocrTa Ha Bcl4qKLI BalIIHI'{Mny,TCll CTaHe MeXaHl{qeCKI4 CTJrr'IacyBaHa' TOlaBa Ber{e eABa JI?I U{e;

clpelxr4Te. To.{uo B ToBa ce 3aK,'I}oqaBa l,'IaBHaTa cnoco6HocT, rIpI4*cr,rqa Ha Ao6p!4fl crpe,req".

3a Aa ce oB,rraAee npaBI.{,'rHo crpe,ltKoBoro r4aftcropcrBo noABoAa,.6nxue nocr'BerBa,Tfi cnoprl{cra Aa no,'IsyBa eAIlo-eAI4HcrBeHo opr,xlleB HaqaJIHHfl nepI4OA. lIpU6rpSanoTO oTxBlbpJ'lflHe Ha ttbpBllfl xapnyn

KaTO HefroAxoAfirq U{e ro 3aBeAe B 3aAbHeHara y,'[rqa Ha o6eenepaBaHe-.TO -. BCeKb CrTeABau{ x,IoAe,'t i]Ie ce ,,oKa3Ba,. nce no_nour!

(oraro noAroroBKara lra ,\ap[yH'cTa He ce BoAr,rorrper{bop KbMcrroprHr'rre ueH poBe, rofi e 4,rt')reH Aa ocirfypr.l naprur,opcrBoro Ha:orrr.rreFr KoJreta I]oHe 3a nT]pBr{re 3-4 ,rosHz pa3xoAKH. O6pasuono5u nporerl,T Tosr, eTa[, aKo ABaMara 4er?crnynar c eAuH r{ c'rrq xapnyHilo clrcTeMara ,,Be3Ha". Toea qe peqe eAr.rHr4sT Ia rMypKa, a Apytr.rflT.Aa ocraHe Ha rroBlbpxHocrra Karo Ha6nrc4anaq. @opuy,rara vt/,a uApyra pe3y,'rrarHa cTpaHa: Har{eBaull,IrrT rqe l,ro)Ke Aa c/,reAH A]rpexTHO.noxBarr,rre Ha rro-HanpeAHaJrutl cH Kor'rera. B c,ryuax foBoprlNr 3aKOJIera o6esne,ll{re,1 B Haqar']rrHq nepHoA, HO rOfi He CT\,reHff OCHCBHr,rq.saxoH 3a KorTerara npr.rApy)Kr.ire,r, xoriro rpn6aa Aa cr6,,lroAaBa Aoxpafl,rra cnoprHara KapHepa.

3apex4aueTo Ha opbx'eTo E3BbH BoAara e BHar{r4Te"irHo rro-yAo6to,uo e' sa6paueHo B KOAeKCa Ha xapny Hucra. B ctulHocr ro He e Hr.{KaKbE;xeHA?tKair, xaro ce B3eMe [peA BHA, r]e [peAcrosr l0_20 3ape]KAaHafl,u3B:bpuBaHH rto HeooxoAr4]vrocr Br,B BoAHara cpeAa. Crc cl,rqara clpo_locT MoxeM ,{a loBopl'iM H 3a H3,'II't3aH€To Ha cylxaTa LrrTI4 ts ,'roAKaTalcbc BapeAer{ xapnyH. noAnoAHnqr pu6o,roneq ue duna Aa ce oc,xanfiHa: cI]ycKoBr4f npeArIa3nre,r. flopaAr.r TexHr.rqecNra ,ne$exr u,rrr4 B pe-s_y,'rrar Ha pascefir{ocr rcrl N,ro)Ke Aa craHe xpr{quHa 3a HerrorlpaBuN,ra6eAa.

tr4raxa, ua 4o6rp qac! He ca['ro HarIJeTo rro)Ke/']aHHe e TaKoBa, Ho Idua 1nusxptre, Korrro Br4 r{aKar ua 6pera. He aadpaexfire, o{e e;IHara Br4pT,Ka e ceo60AHa u rrpeAH ,1a sarpe6e BoAr{ure fi,'racroBe rfl Mo)Ke Aa uh,f.orBbpHe c llo3ApaB.

Mema}ut<u Ha noAeol*un pudo,xa6

Haqusnre Ha r'roByBaHe ce AI,rKTyBar or oKo,'IHlrre yc,ToBlrfl. Ho npe4nAa Ir p33r.'-reAaMe B TtXHaTa r,racuonNaqufl, oTHoBo lqe cnpe\'{ BFrr4Ma-xlneTo cu Ha Hopl{H or odul xapaKrep.

tr]naxr,re noBoA Aa roBoprlM sa 6esuryuHocrra ua tl{ypKaHero HrrdrryBaHero iloA BoAa. Tyx u1e npu6aauu, ue pu6ara qpe3 cBor4re ceruBapa3Ilo3FIaBa or/'lHrIHo ripoIlSxoAa Ha pa3npocrpaHfiBaHI4Te 38yil.ti iIBbJrHr4. 1Ta npelno,IlolKuL{, rre Ar4Beqbr ce HaNrHpa IroA ToqKaTa HarMypxaHeTo. .A4oxe Aa ce cblKaJjflBa B TaKT,B c,ry.iafi, qe roft HeBo,,rrrou1e 6rAe nporoHeH or xaprryHr4cra. E4ilarno Bb3Mox{rlo e AuBeq?,r Aa ceHaMripa sa 5-10 u or us6paHara rorrKa. llpr,r raxoBa crer{eHr.ie Haodcrosrencreara rofi qe ce pa3npr,cHe can4o aKo ,'roBeubr fnrypKaAr4afolra"rrHO Kr,nr MflcToro Ha cTpynBaHeTo nry. 3a qepHor,{opcKnTe

LAT

'vcJloBr4fl HaBr{K6T Aa Ce rMypKa IIO AHarOHa,Ta e He[pe[OpbrrLrTeJIeH,saToBa cTpeMe)KbT Tpq6Ba Aa e KbM cna3BaHe Ha OTBeCa. HqKOr.Io6rcnnear,' qe AHaroHaJIHoro ctlycKaHe AaBaJIo B63Mo)r{Hocr Aa cer"qeAa KaKBo craBa He caMo HaAoJIy, Ho r.r Hanpey. Cna6a yrexa e

,eMOUlIOHa,lHIZqT TpeneT OT HeU{C BI,IAfiHO, KOCTO Iqe Ce H3II,{aIIIH II Iqer.r3qe3He 3a qacr or ceKyHAara.

CneAea[lara HopMa ce orHacq 3a Jrexaqr.rfi Ha cnyctKa rroKa3aJleu.Herosfigr Heyrpar'ILITeT, aKo Mox{e raKa Aa ce H3pa3tIM, e BI,IHatI,t JIoII,6efler. Hepr4r<o KoMaHAara or ncr.rxoMoropHHff r{eHr6p ce r{3nb,rrHflBa'c MI,II{I{MaJIHO, HO pe[IaBaIqO 3aKbCHeHI]e, TT,Ii KaTO nOKa3ar'IeUbT He eHa MfcToTO cr4 l4JrW e B OTrrycHaTO CbCTOqHr4e. !,pyrara xpaiiirocr e uo-orracHa, sarr{oTo ce oTHacfi 3a HeBoJIHo I.lJr[ [pex<AeBpeMeHHO npor{3-3ex{AaHe Ha r.r3cTpe,rl. llpncrqa e Ha eKc[aH3HBHr.rTe HaTypr{ r.r BHaqaJIHHq cra1nft na o6yueHne.

llocneAsoro [paBr.r,ro or o6u1 xapaKrep 3acffra npocrpeJiBaHeroHa Ar,rBeqa. Onrarua,'rsnre crpeJlKoBr.r yAapr.i fionaAar B t/'IaBaTa [rapuSara viln B TBr,pAr.rre rracrr.r no lporex{eHHe ua rpt6nana.

llpr.r uecrpe"I or rrHeBMarrzr{eH xapfiyH c Bp6x nrnoroslSeq eKseM-[r'Iflp:bT ocTaBa KaTo ,,Ha Ba,'Iuqa" LI 3a [oABoAHI,ItI pz6o,roneq cflKaIIIr{e cT}rqecTtsyear npoS,reuru. Hene4stx o6aqe ToBa e H3MaMHa [p]r-.BlrAHocr. Axo qosextT rr3[,rryBa Ha noBbpxHocrra H B r{Mero na'yAo5-,crBoTo 3a[oqHe ga o6upa xopAara lr crper'IaTa xru ce6e cu, Mad'rKr.rreKoHTpH Ha MHoro366eqa He Morar Aa 3aA6plKar puSara H Ts ce orKaqa..tr4znnzna oT [T,pBoHaqaJIHoro cbcrofiHr.re Ha napanH3a, Tf rlorr'pcBa'CNACEHI'IC HC3ABI4CHMO OT HAMA,'IEHI.ITE CH ABAIATETHI4 B63MC)KIIOCTH .

TaNa qe Kod'IKoro Iz c[o,'Iyq/'IuB Aa H3rJIex{Aa yAapT,t c urtoroer,6eq,Xap[yHLICTT,T e A,IIlrX{eH Aa AO[,IIyBa AO CTpe'TaTA fi AA TpT,lHe KT,\'IlroBTrpxHocrra, rrprzTrlcKaftwu c prxa pu6ara K6M saceAua,'rr{ff B TflJIoroir aptx. OrHoso tr1e ce BTrpHeN{ Ha HflKar4cnequ(ruunn3arpyAHeHr{r,Koraro fir{eBMarrrqnuqr xaprtyH He e rIJIyBarq.' llpnrexarenxr r,ry He 6z'pHcKyBa,l Aa to ocTaBH Ha AT,HoTo lI Aa ce 3aeMe caMo cbc cTpeJIaTa nAHBeqa, rtii xaro opr,)KneTo Mo)Ke Aa ce saK/'ielrl,tz Mex{Ay KaMbHlrre.Crzpeu pu6o,'Ioee[rr He 6fiea Aa ro H3rrycKa or pT,rle, 3a cMerKa HaKoero ce B,IIoruaBa HeroBaTa orleparuBnocr. fl4onere [poAb,{}I{aBarn npn ocso6oxAaeaHero Ha pu6a'ra Ha fioBtpxHocrra - xaprryHbr rroFreBOJrfl rpt1na pa ce A6pxH N{ex{Ay KpaKaTa IIJt'fi no1\ nrnrusx-qa.

llpu crpen6a c eAuHr.rqeH Bpbx rroABr.rxFrara KoHTpa AaBa coJrr.rAHa.3acrpaxotsKa cpeqy orcKy6Bagero Ha AHBerra. Ho rlrx B63Hr.rKBarApyrrr rpyAHocrH. PeArcn ca c,'ryqar.ire, Koraro crpeJrara [poHr4gBaTaKoBa HeBpa,'irzr{Ho Mqcro n pn6ara, qe rfl ocraBa B [o,tyBIIe[eHeHoc:bcrofiHr.re. o6axHoseHo, MaKap H rrpocTpe,'rqHa B [o3HaTr]re6naro-.[pr.rxrHr4 floJrera, Tg [poqBqBa Heo6ursoBeHa )Kr.{3HeHocr. Oco6euo

108

csoficrseHa e Trr ga xe$a,roeure Br.rAoBe. cnnporunara Ha pn6ara ceydlrecHfiBa H or Qaxra, qe c,treA r{3crpe,T oT CbBpeMeHeH !'IaCTUqeH Xap[y]rc rbHKa ravrfl'HcKa crpe'ila'

_ nocrlleAl{ara MI4tHoBeHo npeMHHaBa npeg

Hefl r{ Tfl ocraBa,,Ha KopAa". Axo prl6ara He e cbc 3acrparur.rre.rrHu pa3_Meprt - ueulo o6uuailHo s HarrJare yc,]roBr.rfl - xapnyHricrr,T n:vcxaxap[yHa r.r ce Hacoqea c ocno6oAeHr.rre cH pbrre K3M Hes. Tona4efi-crnNe rpt6na Aa BanoqHe orqe B nTrpBara ceKyHAa crTeA npocrper,rBaFre-ro. XnaulaueTo ce H3BlbprXBa Ar.rpeKTHO zJr[ qpe3 noMorqra Ha KopAara(unn crpe"rara). Ho np,u Bcr.rqKI4 c,Tyqaup:brlere, LopltvxorarocaBp'bKaB[r\r4, ue rpn6na Aa ce noA,'rarar Fra 50,ryegHeuzre y60x4aHua or'rpr6HHre rrepKr.r. Tona osHaqaBa Aa He ce AonycKa nJrb3raHe Ha AJra-HHTe OT O[arrrKaTa KbM r,'iaBaTa. !,ONOnnafixu r,taeala, xaprryHHcrbrqe o6esnpeAH CBOflTa xeprBa qpe3 BKapBaHe Ha npbcrrzre B xpn,,rereH'IiZ qPC3 EAIIOBPCMCHHO NPI,ITHCKAHC }IA ABCTC Oq],I. 3A AA HC CC MflTAn ocno6ox4aBa oT KyKaHa, ,rIoBeIIbr ti,ru npo6oxAa t,IlaBara c rroA_BoAHHfl HOIK, i.tr'IH npHCTT"nBa Nr,lr r:sii Haper{eHoTo,,}AaBfHe,, Uapu6a-Ta nocpeACTBOM pa3KbcBaHe Ha xpr4,'reTe.

_ I(oun"rzqupa'r.r ca. c,,ryqar4re c npocrpe,TBaHriq ts Me'ara KopeMHao 6.n acr u,r u nep HSep ufi H zie,, no4KoxH rz,, non a4eH r4fi . ftp w6up auero H apu6ara Ha,'rara 6r'psw, Ho H BHr.rMarenHH 4elicrnzn. ltrpra'Heyriaeno 6opa-BeHe KoHTpara Ha crpe,'Iara, caMara crper'Ia, a B orAeJIHIj cd'Iyqa[ nKopAara Morar Aa 14 sr.rrpaflT po,'rflTa Ha peseq u pv6ara Aa ce lrsn,rrr,3He..llpu nonoxelrue qe er{BeMrl,rfpibr e iraA TpaAarli.io]rHufl rropflAbK,.xap[yHr4crbr Moxe Aa HaHece _. aKo BpeMero r.r o6craHoeKara no3Bo-JtflBaT - Bropr.{ ),Aap c pe3epBHr.rfl xapnyH, xoiiro e B ,rIoAKaTa HdTH Haoyfl.

Cera Aa pa3rr'reAax{e Haqr.rHr4Te Ha ,'roByBaHe. llo.qpexgaHero r4MnpaBI4M cto6paeuo rflxHoTo 3HaqeFrr{e e Qepuo mope, b cbrqo Hcor-JieA Ha BBaHMIIaTa rel,r o6vcnoeeHocr.

II{e nanpanit Bneqarr'reuae, ue He ce orAeJrfl Mflcro ua crpen6araoT noBT,pxHOCTTa, KaKTO U Ua pU6orToB, trpv xcfiro xapnyHHcrbTrMypl{a c"reA KaTo e sa6enssan o6exra or nontpxHocrra. B crnlns,.4,fl,rl orr{acflMe..H Cryqal,rre, Koraro pu6ata r\,{r.IHaBa BHCoKo HaA xap-nyHr.rcra ra rofi I]o npr4Hy]KAeHr.re crpe,Tfl orAo,,ryHatope. Tpnre ats-Mo)KHocrH [IpI{ea{ aMe Karo Lr3K"IrcrreHrre, no/.HeceHo or c,ryuafi Hocrra.\-,leAOBaTeIHO AOBOALIT€ He Ca AOCTaTbqHr.I , Sa Aa tI4 pa3t,'IeAaMe KaTO,IIOXBaTLI CT,C CaMOCTOflTer"IHO gFIaqeHUe.

floAeoAHr'rqr plr6o,roa ce npaxTr{KyBa B clleAr.rr.rre ocHoBHr.r rpopur.r:TllpceHe, r4gqaKBaHe, cbr{eraH l,reroA H piz6o,roe B d,IetoBI4IIIa.

109

'IIoaBoAeH pH60,-1 oB r{pes rr,pceHe;PaernexAanr.rqr Haqr.rH e naft-nony,{speH cpe4 6l,rrapcKr.rre crrop-:THcrr.{. Toit ce 3aK,rroqaBa B rroABoAIIo n,'ryBaHe no xopH3oHTa,rIa, npru.KoeTo xaprIyH]ICTI,T ce rlpllAT'px<a K:bM AtbHoTo vrJrt4 HaHe3HaqHTeJrHo..HI4E[) HaA Hero. Toea BHuMare,'IHo nJIyBaHe, cbrrpoBoAeHo c trT,fl.,Hanro6u,rasarirltt Lta 3peHHero, ce paABa Ha Aocra ctIHoHHM14Bxap11]rH-A)Kr.rHcKLifl }KapfoH: ,'IoBeII:br ,,[T,,'I3H" rro AT,HoTo, ,,ila3Lr,,,,,B,1auH ce..,.,,3a,refitsa cer'., ,,cypKa ce", ,,rtpEC,'IaMqBa ce" Ir Ap.

Pu6o"nopeq'ur oflpeAe,lff rrocoKara Ha ABa)KeHae ou1e c [.r]pB]rrl.ord'reA c,rreA Aocrr.ItaHe Ha AbHoTo. Bescuoprio r.fl ce [oACKa3Ba orpene$a Ha MecrHocrta. Pa:,vnrno e La Fre ce HacoqBaT ycr.{/ri{flra Haral,{,X:bAeTo CTpe'Iel{:bT Xde nO[aAHe B paBHr.rHeH yr{aCTbK ilu1e6:o4eJISCHO,ga6e,rexuu. F{eo6xo4aNro e Aa ce AaAe npceA[oqfiraHHe Ha HaceqeH"TepeH, OCet{H C OTAeJIHLI nO-tO,'teMLI LIJ'I{ I]O-Ma/'IKH KaMT,HL{, IIpOXOA].I,H pacrHrerHlI npenflrcrBuq. Toaa Beqe AaBa 4a ce pas6epe, qe HeroBoror,tsr{)KeFr{.Ie FIe e E rrAeaJrHo npaBa JrLl.HHtr, a elrrzeo6pa3Ho [poBr4paHenoNpari o6enrure, KoHTo to 3ac,ror{ffBar or 64zrenuocrra ua ,1neeua.',C6xcAtr fro ,"rfiirr{r{, KoflTo B Kpaf Ha Kpar{qaTa cK,'IroqBa errzH 3arBo-peH Kpr,r, 6tt 6un rtpaKrr.rqecKo HeAoMHC,Ttze. C,ry.1s3 ce r.{ roBa-npu 4o6pa ts[.rAlre{ocr n 6naro4areH AeH xapnyr]Hcrr,T c,,reA BcqKoI[,rypKaHe Aa ce HacoqBa KT,iu AlrBeq, xoiiro TyTaKcn e sa5e,'Iqsa,,I HaH3BeCTHO pa3cToqI{fie

B ns6op Ha nocoKara p)rrrrHupaHHflT xaptryui.rcr Abp)Kr.r cMerKa.3a o[{e Aea cpaHropa. E4raaunr or rfix e HaK,'tor{:br Ha c,'rbHr{eBara,cBeT"tr4r{a. {nuxer?xrz ce cpeqy cBer,'Ir.rHara, rofi u1e eJ'tr,{L{i4Hr.ipa IIJra-meulara po,'Irr Ha co6creeuara cr.{ cflHKa, MaKap rre 3pr.rre,'rHoTo MyBl,srrpvrlTfie ce B,'roruaBa. {pyrnnr, }r crpyBa Hr.i ce fio-Baxeu Sarrop;,€ fiocoKara Ha rer{eHr.reTo. !,ylrara e 3a ;'roKz,THoro rerreHr.re no dpera.llocneAsoto ce ffBriBa B po,rqra r{a 3ar,'ryunre,'I, Koraro ce [,rryBa cpeqyHeto - ro npocro or6,rr,cKea yr.asa1 pa3npocrpaHsBaHare or xaply-Hl{cra Bb,rHr{ rz ilryMoBe. Pas6wpa ce, rpHre Saxropa--repeH,c,{bHr{e HTeqeF{r4e, B lloBeqero c/ryqau ca B3ar.iMHonporr.iBor]ocraBeHi4. Ha rouoT TfX {aprIyHr{cT'bT Ir{e AaAe rrpeAHr.rHa, 3aBHctr oT r'rHr{HaTa h{y IIpe-IreHKa. Ho ncue eArzr{[qr Bbnpoc - 3a c,rrbHr_ieTo H,{u reqeH[ero -Mo)Ke Aa ce [peAperurr ou{e npu ns6opa r{a Mflcroro sa pu6onon u no-KollKperHo c Ns6opa Fra craproBara roqKa._ lluryaaHeTo CpeIIdy TeqeHlzero FIe e rlo BKyca Ha [oABoAHure plz-

,5onoequ. Ho cne4 Karo ca tNrypKarrrit l-2 uaca c HeroBara rroMoul,,IlacrblrBa x{oMeHTbr 3a 3aBpbulaHero. floueMopeHrr, Te Beqe ce HarbK-Ear Ha cb[porr]Bara uy. llo o6parriuf nt,r ecpexrr.rBHocrra Ha rexHr.rre,tMypKaHuq cnaAa c 40-500/0. llo upouun na crg6ara MHoro qecro'ToBa e BpeMeTo, KoraTo pn6ara MacoBo Haalruga B 3oHara.

Il0

C.ne4 Haqa,rlHara op[eHTarr[q xapfiyHlrcrr,T ce orAaBa Ha cbrrlr4H-,cKara ca 3aAaqa. llo nongrHfi npuquHn rT,pcer{ero ua pu6a Fre craBaHa BracoKrr nr'ryBHr.i o6oporrz. lloxpari necreHe Ha eHeptlrfi r{ MaKca-I\,IaJIHa 6esruyunocr 6asHoro r?,pceHe AaBa BT,3nrox{Hocr nor,'reA:bT Aa ceHACOI{BA H BCTPAHI .

!,ueevtr ue 6tAe orKprzr B HsKo,rrKo craHAaprHr.r no,'roxeHr4ff:c:bcroffHLre Ha orHocHTeneu noxor?, Hacperr{Ho ABlrx{et{He, crpaHr.rqHanOtIBa IZ napar'Ier'IHO ABLI)KeIIUe.

Hafi -nna,rxo npo6,reuu cr,3AaBa nr,pBr{sr c,ryuaft . Orsocl.ne,rnusrnoroii ce xapaKTepn3npa c Kpt)KeHe Ha pil6ara B rrocroflHeH Ma,rr:bKflepr.rMerbp. Tg unu,,[ace", u,rtr 6eeqe,rHo ce,,pa3xoxga". I,lsKnrour.r-'Ter'rFro peAKLi ca npl{Mepure Ha rrr,J'reH noxofi r.r re ce oTHacqr 3a JraBpaKarr NropcKara Bpa,Ha. B clreri<ata He c,IaraMe norrqeTo, Koero Br,tttaru ea n:br'rerl noxoii, Fro r.l BrlHatu xan6oNa pe3epBa B HHTepecure Ha [oA-EOAHr.rf pn6onoeeq. B raxa oqepraHara o6craHosNa xap[yHr{crbrfiMa BpeMe cnororlso Aa HalpaBH oqerrKa, /xa ce nprzABr.t>x'tr ylouair,-rdo6gara crpe,lKoBa rto3r,rt1aq H AopH Helqo rioBer]e - Aa cd'Io)KH Har\IyIxKa uafi'lo,teuul eK3eMr,Iflp.

B uacpequara v crpaHi,rr{Hara rrosBa H[,{a Herqo x{Hofo o6uo. BIBara cr'ryqafl rrr,T.rIT ua pu6ara rpa6sa Aa ce ,,3ace.{e" ilo BeporrrHr,rfilyHKrr4p r{ xaptryHr.rcrr,T Aa no46epe v Aa 3aeMe cr,orBerHara rro3rrufiq.Pas,'ruxara e B roBa, qe npu HacperqHoro ABr.r)KeH{4e Bpe[,rero Ao cpe-ildara JroBerr-)KeprBa e rlo-KparKo. B ecrecrBeHo cr,sAaBarqara cenpu[pqHocT r43fr'reAr{Te 3a IIOtpeI]IeH xoA Ha qoBeKa ca IIo-toJleMr1I.Ho H s ABara Bapr4aHTa BepHAqr noAxo,q Bce oule He o6egne,rasa'cnod'ryKaTa. floqrr HarncHar cnycbKa, xapnyHr.rcrbr cMaqHo Er.{)KAa,qe 6es Aa e noA[,/raureHa pu6ara cBoeHpaBHo cN{eHfl npeAHarrepralaraIIocoKa B [oc/TeAHriq Mr,rt. Tasu I,rapmpyrHa Hecra6u,tnocr e xapaK-TepHa 3a ,,racqrlare" xe$anoBu BHnoBe. flo4o6uo na pn6onon(r.rre rer{3r,'iex(Aa npaBqT nzSop Fra rpacero, Ho or{eBHAHo no rr?rcro racrpo-HoMHqecr(r4 ct,o6parxeunn.

Hafi-eizcoNo Harrpe)KeHr.{e cb3AaBa napa,'re.rrHo ABr.ix<eqara ceptw6a. Ha npaxruxa roBa e [ABauro or3aA qro, Kcero [oAMr.{HaBa xap-ilyHrlcra c no-to.rrgMa or HeroBara 6:npslrua. Huxora He 6r.lBa AavMacbMl{eHr{e, qe ,'IoBeqbr e ocraHa,'I Hesa6e,'rgsau. llo-cxopo ,rrc6olurcr-.BOTO Ha AHBeqa e Ha4Ae,'r{Jro HaA y[,IaxaTa, Ho ToBa e caNro Ao H3_Eecrrra cre[eH, rrft xaro pu6ata e BHAr.iMo Hecnoroliua. Hesbgr,roxno€ Tff Aa,,rrt4Kr.rpa" npeA r'roBer1a vJrrr Aa ce 3aBT,prt4 oKor'Io Heto, cfKarrlHHUIo He q 3acrparuana. (Koucraraqriqra ce orHacrr sa npeo6,ra4aea-rqnre y uac NeQanonw pn6u. C xuquuuu Naro "re@epa noBeAeHuero Hr.rMo)Ke Aa ce flpeAyraA?r, or KaKBaro ri rrocoKa Aa n,'rytsa rori.) EescnopuolloffBara na ptu6a ts c.borBercrByBalrlara nocoKa Flar'Iara cBerKaBI,Ir{Ha'peaKr{r4fl rz ,crpen6a ts ABH}r{eHr.re.

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H roJrflMa BHAH['rocr. Koraro rtl cnaAue no4 4 u, xapnyHHcrr'r Ir1e 6t'Ae'lrSHeHaAaH or no3Harllg IxyM sa 6sraula pw6a, 6ee Aa Mo)Ke Aa fl,ga6e,rexn gro6qe. flpu rarona 3arIecrflBal4o flBJIeHI4e oqeBI'IAHo' ce'

HaJrara CMflHa B HaqHHa Ha Aeftcrsue.

llo,qBoAeH p1460JIoB qpe s v3r{aKBaHe'

B npo,4:s.rr>xeHlre Ha noAerara MI,Ic:lr'I ule Ao6aeHM, qe IzSqaKBaFIeTo e'

yMecreH MeroA npi,I BroIIIeHa BLIAIIMocT B L'IopcKara cpeAa.-Toea c:bs-ceM He r.{sKrlorrBa npn6arnauero Ao Helo u z 6ucrpu soAI'I. KaKro no.u,*

ceula caMoro Ha3BaHue, xapnyHI4crt,r rpa6ea Aa ce ,,3a,'loxlz Ha rloMe",'no46r.rpaltNz ,4o6po npI.IKpHrLIe. Heo6xoAiluo e oure B 3pllreJIHl'lfl My:brc'Jr Aa ce paMKI.Ipa e.4Ho HaAelKAHo noJle 3a rlofiBgBaHe Ha AnBeq.HyxHa e ecrecreeuo H HeroBara KareropltqHa I'{e[oABI'I]Ki{ocr. lnasaraHe 6I.rsa Aa crr,ptlh, gaxloro ue KoM[poMerupa BCI'irIKir ycznux. Bus6apa Ha IIo3LirrI4t{Ta ce cna3Ba AIzaMerpa,{Ho nporl{BoncJIo)KHoro'H3r{CKBaHe KbM naAaHeTO Ha cBer,IIIlHaTa B CpaBIIeHLI€ C MeTO[a H?t

TT,pceHe. PE6onoeel{1br rpn6ea Aa e c rpr6 N:r,lrt c,'I'irHqero,3aAacITiocurypfi no-4o6pa BrzAlzMocr.

hs.{aNsanero ilpeA,'Iara BeJII4Kor'teIIHH npeAl4Mcrea. Vcrcrlql{BoronoJlo>r{enr4e Ha xapnyFIl{cra cnoco6crByBa Ba llo-roJl.rMara roqnocr Ha'

II3crpe,'Ia. Heno,qeuxHocrra [,1y He no3Bor'IrBa Ha AI4Beqa 4a u4eurr'rora-unpa cBofl npar. l{axe I,I Aa ce noflBlt orKbt\{ HeroBlif rnn, pu6arasalragBa cnoNoftcreue. Jlexauloro noJIo)KeHi.Ie necrn cI'IJII4Te v yBeJII'I-qaBa npecroq noA BoAa. CuneH Kog Ha 3acaAara e Bb3MC)KHCcrra Aa ceeKcn.[oarllpa .nro6onurcrtsoro Ha pu6ara.

Pu6ara e 3aLIHTpI{ryBaHa or ra3LI crpallHa EKaMeHeJIocr Ao raKaBaCTENCH, LIC NOFIflKOIA MHHABA HA NO,IIOBIIH MCTbP OT MACKATAHACTPC.Jleqa H rofi e liecnoco6eu Aa HanpaBH KaKBoro u p,a 6t-no. Kcnxoro ncrparxHH A2 Lr3rr'I€)KAaT npeAMeTLITe FIa AbHOTO (nOfi,ua,rMopcKI'I c6A,HaporrHo lrocraBeHa hrpexa uilrr npnru1no 6esyuacren .nonen), pil6arae npeApa3rro,'ro)KeHa B peay,'rrar Ha rrxHara zHeprHocr. Or 4pyracrpaHa, rTo3yHlriTe sa 6eeruymHocT ca EaJrr4AHkl AO yCTaHOBflBaHeTO HanoABoAHHfl plr6o,roneq ts 3acaAHo tIo,IIo)KeHI4e. ANo Li3qaxBaHero He

Irorll:brHe, r. e. pn6ara He ce IIoflB14 rc 3-4 Balrataurtl, xapnyFII4crr,TMO)Ke CT,3F]are,TrH0 Aa npor.i3BeAe IrIyx4OBe, 3a Aa npeAI43Br4KA HHTepeCaHa HeBUAHMaTa AoTorasa pu6a. Illynrronere IIMaT pa3'llHqeH xapaKrepor oHe3H, Koizro curHad'Ir,rgr4par ua pu6ara npu1nu>xaBaHero Ha onac-Hocr. Taxa HarrpnMep HflKoI4 noqyKBar c Apit')Kxara Ha xapnyna B

cKaJr Hre; Apyrr.r Hocqr npucnoco6neHl'te, 3a Aa ocatyptr yAapLI Ha

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Ble spasKa c reg' crb=Hare./IHI,r npeAr.rgBI4 KareJlcrBa Ha6nrc4e'naraFII] 3A TICPUO MOPC MOIAT AA CC CYMI,PAT NO CJIEAHU fl HAqHH: XI{IIIHH-uure neQep u ,raBpax pearapar 6eeycnonHo; cilapr.rAoBure pu6a caAeJrilr(arHo .rxr60nurHu - HeA,cKperrirzqr uyM Mo)ieA, ,., ,roa-,inlri,lrrJrarepr4Hara u xe(ra,rr,T Hlrar Aeori'Crneuo n'BeAeHr.re -- B Onaar"*'4HlI napaBHrHHTe lxyl\'{oBe ca rBr,pAe rrpilTerare"rHH sa rrrx, a B ApyraAl.tu re ocraBar FIalr,tn,,rHo 6esyuacrHu.

B nopx4r,xa na nro6onHiHoro ,ue -pa3Ka)r{eM sa eAr4Fr }iHTepece'noxBar rra r4n4e'r.ir'rr razrgr{eq Areo. Ha c'cTe3a}irzero ,,t1p"r*i"y,Ha aconele" a MapcilJrrlfl aBTopibr sa6e,Tqea

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3acarara nria oq,e eArio npeAaMcrBo. llpn pr.rdoncB qpe3 r.bpcelre,AKO XAPTYHLICT:bT NO''AAHC FIA flTO, rOii C TPNNYACFI AA CTPCJIfl ts NTTPBATAuafi-y4c6ra qe"r. 3a6anu n" nnon,,e"ru , sa Aa ce [pe]viepn n uafi_e4poroIrapqe' o"rusroc'osrqara pr46a ra orKpw'a, noAaBa rpeBora.E flTOTO LIroii .cL''isa c [pa3Hrr prr1e. fiocruni, nn npaBr.{,rr{o, roji no Hetso'rsrrpocrpc'r'a er.i3er4rr,TJrp or aBaHrapAHara rpyna. n cnyuaa cTaBa Herqoxal'o tlpo'3lilecrBlle' cBl4Aere.r'a Ha Ncero ca BcI{qKr.I rJ,,IeHoBe Ha qroro.Pr'r6ar, TaKa ce 1'n,IIaIJrBa, qe e x{a,TKo BepotrHo rrl Aa ce I.l3Terd{Lta6nue,o vt pa ,,za6pani.r,, Rpel,re:1,,4u".". Oop'"rrr;;;,'ft;-";Lrrrec*oroctt 6trcreo r{ror'o noB.rrEr{a r,r Apytn rpyil}rpoBI{r4, TaKa qe e Br,sMo>xFro

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"6u" non.tpyntop Xnr Aeco He c'lyqaiilo ouBeru B qepBeHo nepara

Fra co6crBeHutl ctl rrareHr CynepnepKI{. Toii ru FIa,'ION(I4 B [poI'I3Bo.q-

at"o"o or lE79 l. c Aoxa3arer'ICTBa' rle ro3H UBflT oKa3Ba I'Iilrpl'IryBaxl

('q)eKr Br,pxy r'taBpaKa u HrI{oH ApYrH pr6u''Ilnpolt,rN{eHl4eHaroAllHHCeecMflra'To,qepu6l{TeHeAOJIaBJ{T

]'pcrl'rcH14tlra IIa 3ByKa. B ct'ulnocT Te pa3no"Ialar c oplaH' noAo6eH

ila Bl,rlleilIHoro yxo, KCilro e Kancyr'I.HpaH B xpyulflr'IHa cpeAa' PraSllre

ot.c.l.T,iltsaT no c,lyx Ha BI4CIII]Te rpr,6Hauuu )KI4BOTHI,I, HO pa3,'IilKaTa e

.nn,t,i ,1)np*u"'rHa, r1'ii Karo, or Apyra crpaH-a,' pa3npocrpaHeHHero I{a

3Byr{a llbB ROA}Iara CpeAa e NIHOTO I]o-cHJII]O' Ko'rNoro I4 CTpaHHO Aa Ce

cTpyBa rB'rlp.neHueru, .ny^ot Ha,pr16ara e QaKTop' KCiiro rlo-qecro e

ri ycJIyl'a Ila xapilyl{ucri (eeue 6eceAeaxMe 3a 3ByKoBIlre [peAi43BI'I'

ha't'cJrc'rBa Crlpfl\4o ,{rc6oilH1'CTBOTO Ha 4nneua) '"- CttOnieltaoiftnl 3a KO\'IneHCaUIlOlIeH CeTHBeH OplaH' IzMaXNIe npeA

B14/t /\o6le Li3pa3eHara crpaHuqHa r'lI'IlIHfl npu pu6ara' OdsxuoseHno

'rtrcllollpoTe>KeHneFIaUfdtoToTt{'lO,HOnp]4I{3BecrI{uBllAOtseflcpe-Iil.ilMe npexbclraTa, AoKaTO npr4 TpeTlr 3a6efifl38aNIe FItlK0,rlKO ycIOpe.4HI{

,rr,,,".'crpu*,uu"ura ,'IHHHfl Ce o$oplra or NIHKpOI;l3pacrbl{I{ Ha K"Ie'I'KI',I'

]J 0CIIOBATA IIA KOUTO CA I]NJ'ICTCHI4 CI'IJ'II]O qYBCTBUTEd'IHN IICPBHI'{ EJIAKHA'

or,rrlccr.nclla.fel 3tt/Iarra Ha cTparrlrrrlruTe JIUHIIH e Aa c,'lylKaT 3a oplieHTa-

lll,lJ{.Hapu6ur.e^I]trougrner0CeBK,rInIJBaB'Ir3npueMaHeABI4)I{eHI4'ITaIra BoAaTa, KOraTo craBa Ay\4a 3a IIocoKa rla reqeH[eTo' Ho oiqe flo-

BalKilO e /troJlaBflHero Ha orpa)KeHl4f or ABII)KeHI{ero Ha Sao5l4Ka"nflilIu

rr4 /lpyril npe,l,craBl'lre"rz Ha sayHara H']IrI [peAlvierH' 3HaqeFllier0F]a

rag"'cirocoSrroc, " otpoMHo, KaTo ce rrocraBf B CMerKara npEcrbcrtsfiero

lra 3i.rcrpaijjaBaul I'14 XI4IIIHI'tK krJtLl - B I.IHTepecyBailII4fl ult c',lyvail -

i'oliu,rattto pnSonoeeq. AoNo,rro qyBcrBl4re'rHocrra Ha ro3rl opraH

I l aABr.l r u aB a ilo pe3y,'ITarHocr cr,BKynH ara 14HoopMa[I{fi or o6oHg HI4eTo'

3pellllcl'o I'l c,Iyxa, norBbpx{AaBa $axrlr, qe 6"'IaroAapeHl'ie Ha IIeg

l)'6!rrrc yceular u saoSuxinrrr rrpenflTcTB,,tflra IIo lllbrfl cH. TOBacejto,,ar,ruu"*^1 6esnperxrcrBeHoTo I4[,I ABI.])I(SHI{g B Ii3KJIioqllTe,'IHo"Nlt'THa

ll( )/[a.

li,'ltattr'ttr

,Ntrrroro nbrt{ cilo\'ieHaBaxl\{e ,,KeSa"'IoBI4 pu6u" , uMaiiKH IIpeA BtrA

)rpr4llaAJIexHocTTa KT,[,] eAI',IH 6xo.loruqeu poA Ha KeQa',la, n"IaTep[t]IaTa

t.' 14 Ji apt4flr a- Sescnopuo Haii-qecro cpeqaHl4re pu6r or xapnyHl4cra

B Iraulrre ycd'toBufl. lAnuprrru qe orna4He or reMara nopa'4n11:T:1:,unn" pasMepu. ocrasalure ABa B]1.AA, HesaBI.icIIMO qe I{e Mo}xe Aa ce

Jll)aBu nod'lflpHo pa3Ae,reHl'Ie MeX{Ay rflx' I4MaT l',I3BecrHH OTJII{KH B

rraBllnHTe cll H Ule 6tAar pa3r,'IeAaHH rlOoTAe"IHO'

119

:-

I(eSantr e craAHa pn6a, sa6elex{I4re'llHo npucnoco6aMa Kt''M co-

Jlenocrra Ha BoAara' E4uoepeuenHo c [oqBara My B c'{aA'KI'I u llor'Iy-

aon"n" eo4U rOtlt e cnoco6en Aa LI3Tt,p[L{ OCOJITIBaIIe Ha CpeAaTa AO

AO%. npoat,tlKl'Ire,{Flocrra FIa >KI'{Bora My e 6-8 loAl{Hiz' Ho oruocHo

MaKCr4MaJIr{HTe ['ry pa3Mep14 cllopoBeTe He ca yrI'IXHa"Iid. I-Iqn'{aA'ie

v6enla-re,lHu AoKa3are,Tctua, ue y Hac e xapIIyHilpaH Nerpan c rerJIo HaA

i3';.. B 1977 r. aBropbr BIlAn B parioua Ha llprauopcKo eK3errr.'Iflp'

sa Kcftro ce ocNIe,TqBa Aa rBbpAI'I' qe FIe e 6un [o-Ma'rIbK o'r 4 rr'3a lxa"nocr Brleqar,'Ielll4eTo He Mox{a Aa 6a4e ,,no4ne'{araHo" or Be3-

Hara v ocraBa He[lepolaBHo.---B *nu""$r.ixaqanre Ha lrxTl{o,{olfiflIa qepHoNIOpcKI{Te xeipanoen

pu6u ca aaleurz Karo poA, a KeQa'II:br' nJlarepl'IHaravr4Jlapr4flTa-Karo Bi,lloBe Ha poAa.' Hiyr<ara

-o6aqe FIe AaBa no4po6nocrl'I 3a pa3-

JIrlql.Ifra, Kol.{TO CATAKA fiBIll{ IIp14 OTAe"iHI{Te BuAoBe' XapnyHucrute

c llo-rodTflMa npaKTI'IKa no3HaBar 4o6pe npoAT'd'IloBaroTo Tq"Io c qep-

noant" rps6, ir'l'tilll HaA,'I:bIKHI'I HBaITH u npNocpe6pl{crn 'tlocilI'I Ha

*u6rnu,'nofito re Hapuqar ,pSuqepcxr'r"' KaKto I{ no-KT'coro' Ho

MacHBHo rff,'Io Ha nuA""Au, Norlrb HNIa rT'MHoge'reu rp:n6 u x(:b'{Teeil{?I

,TIocrIH, Hapeqen or rfix ,,TypcKI'{". Te paenoaHaBar II KopeMecrI'ITe

Kesarucrrccl{BaoKpacKa'-KBaprHpyBalrlltoKo"Io$era"'lnn'rp's6-'ttrTr{HeCTH yCTHfl Ha peKX. Rruecio HaAJIb)KHI4 uBr4I\uTeKaTorleJII'I ca

HalpbcKar{r4 c u"pn" touNn. llpn BHuMaTeJIHo pa3l/'Ie)KAaHe ce BI{X{Aa'

qe cToMar{eHOcIIBI{flT rpt,6 e I,ISIIbCTpeH c X{1"'ITOCI'IBI',I I4 3e'leHocl{Bil

n"tfi?""ro" cesolr ro tlepHo^ropr.rero 3a KeqlaJIoBI4 pt6u e B,rtepI{oAa

or anpHJI Ao HoeMBpI{. I4aeecrHll KopeKIIHI4 B Auana3oHa HacrbnBar

noATeMrIeparypHI'I I,n|innwn, Karo ce 3Hae, qe MHrpaul4flTa I{a Kesa"Ia

Kr,m 60eroeele-aanoqea cJieA [oKar{BaHe Ha TeMneparypl{oTo HIIBO He

;;;;; uag 10'C. Jloruxara rIoACKa3Ba u o6paruun npoqec-crleA;;;t;" *l ,.tn"purypara noA ras, rpaHl.Iqa KeSa"Il'r npecraBa'44

ce xpaHLI u ce orrerJln *lauttpe B I\{OpeTo' npr'rAtpxaftKl4 Ce {:bM IO|O-

"ttou", nocoKa. llo-crapare eK3eMrIJIr pH uABar noc"leAHu I'l ce H3Ter-

,'IflT nT'pBH, B pe3yJITaT Ha KoeTo HaqaJIoTo H KpaflT Ha Ce3OHa ce 6e"Ie-

)Kar cr,c sriaKa ua no-4pe6Hara pu6a'LIueHuo B rlepuoAa anpHJI-HoeMBpl'I 3anoqBa aKTHBIIo ycBofiBal{e

Ha xpaHaTa u ToraBa *64unut uanrs,rso 3ac,'ryxdaBa cJlatsaTa cI{ Ha

;p;t6p;il a pu,6a. HavtynaHero e 6peroBara soHa e NiacoBo' IIo

H3BeCTHO ilpeAnorll4Taur're ce orAaBa Ha peqH[Te ycrijfl', J]nMaHI'ITe I'i

sa chx{aJleH"" - o*untt" tpuO" c Qexa'run no4u' Cnope4 y6exAeHue-

ro HLI pa3noJlaraH"to nonp*t 6peri e B paMKI'Iresao6uareHAeHul{fi3a:ilpI{ABHXBaHe lol-ceeep' npes MeceqflTe celTeMBpI'I u oKrOMIlpI4'

lpvi nit"ol H€.6asara Ea onl'Ira HI'I Kapa Aa [oM1'px{al'Ie' qe pagMHo-

)KI{Tg,rIHt{,flT rlepuoA BJII{ge ue6'raronprlflrHo BT'pxy uaceneHocT:Ta ;Ha

t, l

120

,xpafi6pexuara rzlr4ila. B qenrtpa Ha pa3rerJreullfi pa3MHoxr.rrereHrrepHoA ca Meceqnre ro,'rri-aBrycr. llo rosa Bpel{e u oco6euo npes aB-rycr cpeqare c NeQa,'Ia n [,rIarepHuara r]aMa"IlffBar rioHrKofa Ao II?,JIHoorlycrrrBar{e Ha MopeTo B Ter{eHr.re Ha ceAMI.luLI. Toea e Bper'reTo Ha peA-I{tITe, HO I(paci4Br.{ H AIIHaMLIqHI{ |JIeLKI4 Ha re$arOeLrTe ,,CBAT6W".Ma,rqnua ca pu6c,'ioeqzre, Kolrro l,rriar c6pr{e ra crpe,rfiT e Nl,,'t6oro or

<DHr'.46

pn6a, sac.nerreHa or nn6osHo onI4qHeHI,Ie. Teax cpeulu ca peAKH I{il,{eu-

rro llarlloro xr4,'ItIALITe ,,cnar6tl" noeMar rIT,Tff I{a Bpeilienrla MI'Irpaqllflr('r,Nr u'rrperlJllocrra rta LIepuo n'tope. Pasunoxllrer'iHl4flr nepl4oA HapeA,c oTrr()cHTcJilloro lr3MecrBaHe Ha t<e$ana KbNI ceBepHtlre 6perone e gafi-rr p aBAonoAo6n ara xn nore3a 3a aBtycroBcK I4Te d'IoB t{ i{ ge6n arono,t yqllf .

6es None6asne 6uxne HapeK,'IH xeclana uaii-xpacueara pu6a orrip'bra Ha pa3r,'re)fiAaHllre ($ur. a6). B orAe"rsx HanpaB,leHlzfl-ropne-.,to8h/lrrocT Ha ilHHuflT4 I{apcTBeHa caMoyBepeHocr Iz Ap. -_roii or-("r"r,nri3 Ha rra,'raMyAa, nerlepa H JlABpaKa. HC n lnU;eHZre or caHTIl'NrorrlirJrr{ocT xaprryHprcTi.I oTI{I,lTaT pasJrfiKaTa Me)KA}'I]eroBara 6naropo4-n;l ocallKa I,I g,rloBelqoro lrgpa)KeHIle Ha xI{liI,HHIIllre. tr4nuAaB3eN{eMlirKa IIapeqeHoTo cTaAHo [oBeAeHIze. BcqNo ABI4]KeFII'Ie Ha BoAelqara

"{'ir\,lKi.l ce nanoAo6fBa c yAI{BI,ITeJ'IHa [r'IacrtlqFiocr or c"teABaull'ITe fltrJr('noue. Kpacunure KaMirII{qHa H3BI4BKI,I Ha qToro ca t/'!eAKa, KoflTollc l\4oiKe Aa ce cpeII!,He ts HHKoe CTaAO OT cIIoMeHariITe cT,[epHI'ItII'I Ha

nt'r lu1,v1;1.()r:lrctt KpacoTara Ha KeSa,'Ia ca ilpacr,Iqi'I I{ xt{rpocrra, H nJIauI-

./rur(x:'rra. Orranl Ir [po3BHIIIeTo My ,,MopcKH 3aeK". tr4nrepecuoe4a('(.(:ilo/lcJrH TB'r,pAeHr.ieTo na pu6apa, qe I]o oTHOmeHLIe Ha IlIyx{a rMyp-l(ililo'ro lla qoBeKa e cxorq,Ho c roBa HaAe,lSI{FIa. Hrai't KaTo noc,{eAHI.IflT0c {rHcJrr,r KbM 86p,1}1Te My BpafoBe, o6ficnunto e 3alqo xe$antr ce,{)t-)p'rarr{0 s 6fircreo or FreKopeKTHoTo lMypKaHe.'

O6rqoupuerara ueraSopa, qe xe@a,rrr ,,nace", e rBbpAe Ao6peilrr,/ryr1112112. caVO naii-r,r,'raAl'lre xecpa,rtera ce xpallqT ct,c SOOIJIaHKToH

r21

or noBbpxHocrra. floorpacuannre H Bb3pacrHrlTe LtHLi4BLrArt npeMrz-HaBaT Ha xpaHeue c Aerpr.lT (opraHHuHlr ocraribur4), ruuNpodeHroc(apedun AT,HHlr opraursuu) u nepa$uou (o6pacrnauux). Tosacrasac xapaKTepHoTo nlrKr4paHe KbNr .4,bHoro I'l 3acraBaHe B rrorJT!] Beprr.r-Ka/'rHo IIc/'ro)KeHHe. XpaHeuero ce r,r3BT'prxBa c raKaBa crpbB, qe Ke-

Qanrr rtpocro ce Tpece, Koraro xpaHeFreTo e rpytroBo, pn6nare orarxKnnpeACTaB,lqBaT HeIIIO KaTO lopa oT ,'lIO,'Ie€il{U Ce 3HaN,{eHa.

I(ecpanr,r znra noAqepran BXyc Kt,M rtr'rarrir'1ntlre, oco6el{o B no-I{t,cHHTe c"re4o6e4uu rlacoBe. llo rasfl npr4quHa AopI4 BJr[3aHero Hapu6o,roseqa B r\{opero ua 6uea Aa craBa HexafiHo. lo,rsiraa e Bepotrr-Hocrra Aa r{\,ra crpynBaHe ua xe$a,r Ao caMara 6peroea HBurra Ha Abd'r-6oquHa Ao I u. floAsoAngr pu6onoa Ha Ild'ri.rrKo riBHcKBa cnequQuuuoyNreHHe rr B H3BecreH cl'rilc:b,'r e Hepeura6uneu. flo Haqailo pu6ara e3HAI{HTE,THO TIO-HCPB}IA B I],'IHTI]I'HI,ITC, A XAPI]YHHCT:bT CC ACMACKITPAno-Jrecno. ,Iloneurr cp€u,a pea,'rHr{ 3arpyAHeHrzg cr,c co6crBeHara cITn,'raBaeMocT. luyprauero n K,'racHrrecKHfl cMI.{crb/t e HeBT,gMo)KHo,noparlr{ xoero roil npH6rrea Ao Ira"'rr4aTr.IBHoTo, TaKa Ha3oBaHo no,'Iy-rMypKaHe. lloqrli 3aAT,JrlKHre,rrso e rcfi Aa ce xBaura 3a Bo,[,opac,'rrr,ga na ce cblporr.{EqBa Ha H3TJIacKBaHero. Ktlr 'BCHrrKo Mo>NeM AaAo6anurur 14 Iro-pasJrr4rluoTo npeqynBaHe Ha cneTr'rizHara B il,rlaTKoro,KCeTO AaBa HeBgpHa fipe.(cTaBa 3a ror'IeMr4HaTa Ha pu6ara [I B,'Ir{fleB:bpxy roqHocrra ua crpen6ara. C:seerr,T rrpa pH6o,ron ua NeQa,r soco6eHo n,'rr{rKH 3oHH e Aa He ce AonycKa ycnopeAHo ABI{)KeHue Ha6pera, a .qa ce npaBflT rroJ'IyxprL'roBe, Karo ce IloAXoxAa or BT,Tpem-Hocrra. Tcecr Aa ce u3B:bpulBar FlopMa,'rHrr rMypKaHr4tr B tIo-Ar,JI6oKoroH oTTaM BHUMare"riHo Aa ce rpbrBa KbM Ir/'rHTqIzHHTe. B rasrl o6craHosNalreroAbr Ha HsqaKBane e riafi-pe3y,/rrarHI..tflr.

I7 ttamepuuama

3a n,rarepvHara cqKaru He ocraHa MHoro Mflcro, c,rleA Karo s o6u1uJrLrHLil4 Ka3aFroro Sa xesana ce orHacq H 3a Hefi. I4marcenpeABlrl1BbnpocxTe Ha MxrpaqugTa, pa3MHo)KaBaHeTo, xpaHeHeTo LI ,4p.

ll,larepnHara ce pa3,rrzqaBa BtHrxHo oT cnor ct,6par c rpr,6uocrrJrecHaTaTa crr r,rraBa, cibc 3r'raTI.icTI,tTe neTHa Ha xp14,{Hr.rTe KanaIIHH c no-qpKure HaA.lb>KHrr rlBr.rqu ($ur. a7). Ta uapacrna no-6anHou)Kr.rBee c ABe roArrHri rroBeqe n e, o6qo B3ero, no-Ape6ua or xe$a,ra"Hefisoro Meco e [o-r"reKo H or racTpoHoMur]ecKo r,reAurr1e e no-BKycnoor xeSa"ucxor.o.

Haft-eaxHara orJTHKa e sHarIHTe,rHo tro-Macoeoro i{ pagrrpocrpa-HeHI4e. Krivr rona BeAHara rpfl6Ba ,qa ce r]grbKHe H€ftHaTa BofiHa AI.IC-ilOKAL\Utl

- Tt HaCe,'If Ba He CaMO nJII4TqvHI4Te, HO AOpH B ,IIOIIOJIflMS.

t22

cTeneH cpeAHLITe H tor'IeMI{Te 1t'n6oqJuu. 3apa4u ToBa Tq e cqrzraHasa o6exr Ns I or nor,BoAHl{re pu6o,loeqn n t{epHo nlope.

llpeo6,ra.4anaur{Te vHgl4Br4AH ca c rbMHocr4Bo3e,reH rprS lr cro-r\{aHeHocr.rB}r HaA.rrbx{Hr.r uBHrru. Ho rarro u npv xe$ana, xapnyHr.lcrvre

4>nr.47

ca ,lloJtollur't14 xapaKTepHIare 5e,'lesl{ Ha I.]qKor.{ noAB}rAoBe II ca rrrt Ha-3OBil,'il,I n0 cBoe\,ty.

Be.re cnoueHax14e ,,nflcbqHaTa" Lrarepgua. EAEa r'ru u{e Ce HaMepHIto-Aocroiiuo HMe ga rrefl

- Tg 3a lrlitrlo Ha cBeTa He Han-vcxa nt{cr,rr-

lHTc ,I(brzl. B pesy,rrar Ha r'rrrMr.rKpr4flTa rtr e 6e;resHHKaBa 14 rcllfl-xcra cc cb3r.rpa rpyAHo r.r oT otrr{THr.{Te ciroprllcru. Olnu.laBa ce cbcc14JIlloTo cTpal.lurlHo cIrflecKBaHe Ha tJIaBaTa u Tfl,'IoTo II c l\{eKL,tfl,npoBr.rcua,r Kope[,r. F{e fiHara noABr.rx{Hocr e i]Bylrurer'rua.,Moxe ra ceTBt,pALl, qe Tfl pealHpa Cilo/lyri,'IHBO Ha l.r3CTpe,IOTXapilyil, H3n/ieCT-

uafiNn 3a qacr or cel{yHAara rq,Toro cr{ qpe3 ,,cHr4uIaBaHe".I4uaxr're c,ryuaii Aa roBoprlM r.r sa ,,cKa,'rHa" ["rrarepuHa. Cpenla ce

pJtAKO l{ npeAr{x,rHo BT,pxy tod'IH HrTr{ o6pac"ru c t,rHAr{ xautur. He ae qylKA HaBr.{k:rrT Aa BJru3a B rrexdepH H IxupoKra cKa.[Hr{ uyruartann. 3a-6e,rexrlrre,nua e c qepHl,tfl cu rpt6 H Kibcoro, uo ulr4pono onailHo,cre6no.

Hanccne4t,K ptrAKo ce Blzx{,4a nocecrpaMara r.ttt{ ,,eillen" nnarepuna,(ryp. uarape[rKa tr,'rarepuHa). Heftsara lJraBa He e Aora;\,rcfl,rrecHarairpr6uo LI noA BoAara Mo)Ke Aa 6t4e otpu"trur{eHa ria lie$a.t. I4MenHo,or ra3LI ruonu$nxaqr4q H3pacrBar naii-ro,reMr4re eK3eMn,rspu. flpegr'rroAI4HH B aKBaroputrra Ha Hece6rp xapnyHrzcrTrr 4-p Auapeii Caxar-ques 6e BseJI raKbB rpoQefi c relrecr 2,800 xr. Ha peny6nuKaFrcxoronr,pBeHCTBo sa i9B0-r.

-Hrixonar:l Helen nopa3r.r rrJrareprrHa, oKa3a,ra,

ce 3,150 r<r.Kpaii uoconere I(a,ruaxpa H EuHHe (noHaNora H ApylaAe, Ho,

pflAXo Iz I]oeAuur,rquo) ce cpeqa noABr.rA clc crpofiuo, xapx,loHr4qHo rr,rro,H BttcoKo orra[rno cre6no. frp6tr e cuBocr]HKae. B cnyuafl BepofllHo,cc Kacae sa nocoqeHHff B Jnreparypara nra4 Mugil ramada Risso.

t2&

3a uurpaqufl^Na w pa3[,rHo)KnTeilHLrtr nepuoA He Mox{e Aa ce Kaxdefi{eulo no-pas,'rrrr{Ho oT ToBa sa xe$ana. Irlsx,rFoqeHae IIpatsH HacraHqBa-rrero Ha uuoro6p_o_fiur{ craAa sa npe3r.iMyBaHe Br,B BapueHcxaR BaJrHB.ts paficHa ua TEI{-IeBHrr or roAr.rHH Hacalr re ca o6exr Ha sHMeH rroA-tsoAeH pa6onon or MecrHlrre xap[yHr4crr.r.

ll,rarepunara ce xpaHr.r Naro NeSa,ra. llpe4uouura AtHHHff Aerplrr,HaCr'IOeH E:bpXy Tlil-IffTa I{ r0,'lilTe KaMbFIIzi, [OpaAr.r KOeTO qeCTO flBr,rlKAaN,{e 4a ,,r,'Iroe" tngg. B cbIIlHocT Tfl ny.lBepn3r{pa HetoAHI4Te,cScTaBKn Ha [oeTaTa xpaHa. B,teqeuxero Ha n,'IaTepIrHaTa K:btt HaHOC-F{r4Te Ar,Ha cb3AaBa 6,raronpuxrHH npeAnocraBKr.r 3a noABoAeH p,ra6enon.llo npaen,ro resll flo,reTa ca Ha [o-r]3pa3ena 4an6ouuna, xr;1ero pw6a-Ta ce qyBCrByBa B 6e:onacuocr.

3a6e"nex<are,'Ina pa3,TlrKa HMa B Mar{[epa Fia xpaHeHe Mexl{y rr,,ra--repr4Hara u xe$a,ra. llpn Hen Fre ce Ao,'raBfl cclqrzflTcrpr,BeH afleTlrrLI OTHOCITT€,']HO pgAKO \{O)I{eM I\a fl SABaqVM Aa ,,[ace" ua e4no MqcroI,I BbB .BeprHr(a,{Ho IIo,'Io}KeHr.ie. O5[xrioeeHo rs ce xp aHiI B ABI]]KeHrre,fipaBeftKu Ma,lIKrz fiayzvr B noel,rauero Ha xpaHara. Heee4HT,]K [ay3!.rre,ce..r43no,'I3yBar ga ,,xBbp,lflHe Ha oKo" BcrpaFIr{, KoeTo fioAqepTatsaueftsara IIpeAIIa3,'r14 Ea np14 poAa.

CneA nonaAeHrie Ha crpe,'raTa B Tfl,'roro nrareplrHara irpoqtsqtsairo-roJlsMa x<H3HeHoCT Or Xe@ana. Ilopa4u [o-He>rlHoTo j\leco r.{ rlo-'rlHrara KoxHa qrana ueftuara 6s.cria cbnporHBa HepgAKo rrpeAr.r3Br.rKBarpa3KT,cBaHr.rq i{ oceoSoxAaBaHe or crpeaara H,'rr.r KopAara.

Cnope4 o6craHoexara flJrarepr{Hara Mox{e Aa ce npecJreABa or.xapfiyHr.rcra ilo BceKr.r eAirH oT npeAJro]KeHr.rTe NreToAr.l 3a IOABOAeFT

.pn5onor.

JIeQepzm

Haruare crioprncrr{ r{&raT riocroqHurz cN,rerKr{ 3a ypex<{aHe c To3rrr{eBepogreu xr{rqHr{K; yxanaHrr npbcru, pa3KbcaHH HeonpeHonu o6-rreKd'ra" trperpu3agu KopA?r il Ap. Eana ,TH Mo]Ke Aa Mi cenpocrt{KToBa, qe noflBara uy e r<pafi5pexrlara 30Ha orK,'roHnna pu6uule [acaxtlr.or rexr{Hfi HopMaJ'IeH xo4. llocne4Horo cJre!,Ba Aa ce fipfieMa c 4:n.n6oxa;pesepBa rr0 oTrrouleHx.re Ha no-BT,3paCrHr,rTe Ke$a,Toen pu6u. ff,oxa-sare,rrcrtso ca cpequre Ha [oABoAFrua pu6onone( cbc crueceHi.t cra[\a -Strno Ira xe$a,r c,'re$ep, 6uno na "reQep c [,'rarepr.rHa. Ho axo rpn6aa.Aa rloTT,pcHrr,{ ocHoBHaTa ,,c[opTHa 3ilo6a" IIo oTHomeHue na .ite@epa,Hefl rJI'ICTOCbpAOTIHO lqe OTKpHel'{ B IIpCBb3XOAHI,IT€ BK)COBH KaqeCTBaHa Mecoro My.

-_ Jle$epm e rorr/'iorrio6usa pu6a ($nr. aB). MurpaqaRra nry Brlepuo r\.{ope e cxoAHa c ra3r4 Ha re$a,ronme pi6u.Iloqesea ce e kpaniHa,Meceq Mait, r. e. [raJrKo rro-KbcHo, cnasnafixu nocoKa ua 4nuxBHae

t24

Ior-ceBep. 3anpt,rqaueTo craBa npe3 cenrer\iBpr{ u oKrox,rBptr, cJreAKoero Mr.rrpup a [ocrerreHuo Kbr\{ Mp auopHo nrope. FasuHo}Kr{TeJrH]4qrMy rrepuoA He e raKapasTer,'reH, KaKTo ua xe@anoeure pu6u.

Crapnre pw1apu H drlr.rreparypHr.rre H3rorrFrr'irrn ca B eArzHo[4r4c,'rr4e,.tlepHo x{ope [peA,'rara eK3eMn,rffpr.{ c AI,,{)KH}ia Ao 1,5 u u ret,]ro Ao"rr. Ho ualt-ronelrure, Koi{To cMe tsr{)KAaJrra, ca 5-6-t<r.rJrotpaMoBr}

<Dur. 48

,,rotpycu"l, pasnpoAaBaHx n Hece6bp B Har{ar'IcTo Ha oKroMspu 1969 r.3anoeerifire c Mpe]Kr.r cTorrrrrr{ ,reclepra 6qxa sne.rarJrr4Ji,vr prz6apnrecJreirutsoro cr.{ troBeAeHue. Canrugr y!'roB npr{ ToEa ce HsBr,pIUBarue 6nlieo71o 6pera. Toraea ce paBlipocrpallu Frer{}ifl Eepc}Ir, ue7-ro4raruuule,rc(repu rpoJIBf BaJIH II€u,o KaTo ,,crapqecra yuopa" - eceHFIaTar\rnlpaqllt re H3BT,prxBar rpoNraBo, npugr,pxailKl4 ce K:bM gaTolJIeHI4Te.

irJInrLtLIHH. Aro noxc.rteHuero e c BHcoK xce$nqueHr Ha orreJrgBaHe,Mox(e BI,IHarrr Aa ce pa3lIr.ira Ha pH6o.roneH ,,yAap", noAo6en Ha rogHor 1969 r.

Rtpxy xpaHeHeTo ua ,reSepa e H3,'rtro HeIraJrKo leqarapcKo Macrl4-no. 14 lre\{aJIKo B:r,3MyuleHrrx. Xapnyn[crr.{re ca Br{)KAaJTH KaK osBe-peJrHflr xriIqHpIK aTaKyBa DisJrKr.rr€ pu6xx or'3aA, nperpr.i3Ba rr.r Franod'ro-BLtHa v npoAb,{>KaBa Hararr,K. Flene4ut,x ca 6r1firr cBxAere,'ru KaK ltpeg-

"ruar ,re$ep noBpT,qa H c yABoeri arrerr4T ce Fra):BibpJrfl Ha Honrrre cn.)KeprBH. tr4n'ra,ro € cnyqsir noABoAHrisr pudonoeeq Aa ce FrarbKHe Ha.

neQep, Nofiro r{3r,TexAa 6o,reu. Bnocne!,crsue ce ycranotsrBa, qe rofic gaMarH oT nort,JrHaro rroilqe, 3aceAHaJro B xpaFtorrpono4a nry. llplrqt4crene Ha npocrpe!'inn necpep cMe ccTaBadlti c,Tlrcaltm or xpaHr4TeJIHUficilexrbp Ha xlrlrlHr{Ka: ocBeH Bclir{Kn },racoBo cpeqailIr4 ce 4pe6uu pu6rzIl croMaxa h{y ce orKpHBar L{eKore,'Iu, paxoo6pa3Hu, qeJIrz Nrl.{,I4 c qe-

l)yrrKr.rTe, qe Aopr{ 14 tJrbTrJ.aTH rro fiorpeixKa Al]pBeHu KoN{nor{eHTr.r sIlilPrleTa XieTa'I

"

XapnyuucrT,T cpeqa ne(tepa Ha BcflKaKBr4 IrlTBa - or fiosbpxFrocr-

,'! qe

]'u

I llasnauue Ha neQep, na,4xar,pnnur, 3 rr

Ta Ea AT,Horo. Cpeqare 6usar c eAanliquu eK3eMILlIqp[ I{,'IH c KoM-irraKTl{r,r craAa. Ctnlecreyna Li HtiKaKBo 3oHa,TI{o pa3trpeAe"Iegl{e Ha'repeHa. Ma,'rxure pa:6oituuqa 6eauuucrayaar HerocpeAcrBeHo Ao6pera (unranre npe,q, BaA eAiicroAlrtlHLIre,re$epr'r c Ar,,IIx{I'lHa ao l5 cnt).Illupoxa aMr,'ifiryAa Ha ABI]]KeHI4e urvlar 2-roAuruuare neQepu lI ToBa.e B cT,orBercrBlle c nepl{oAa ua uail-ycNopeH JIHI{eeu npr'rpacr. flo-.crapHTe I{HAI4BIIAI.I, 6e: Aa ce orKasBar or npu6exKI'I B rLql'ITtiI{HIlre,,ilpeAriorrr4Tar no-orl{purllre Il 4u6ortr }\,Iecra, B TOBa qnc,to ocrpoBll,,ceKI4 pI apxuileJIa3l.{.

B cpeulu c eAIlHui{HI.I el(3e\,til,'Iqpllre$eptr no6qrsa caMo trp14

,HepaByMHi{ q sacrpaIxfiTe,lHLI ABHX{eHLIfl Ha ,'IoBel{a. LIHaqe roii ce4lp-.x{rI c Ots.riaAqno nn60nurcrBo -

He sa6lpana xoAa, Ill4To rIbK cMeHq

frucoKara " F1ee,lucxp arHo o6aqe' I4Hcrt4HKTbr ro liloATtlKBa KlM 6naro-lpa3yx/rHo pa3Aa,'ier{aBaHe c qoBexa. o5crcxred'lcrBoTo, qe xsulHl{KbrorrpeAenq c ro,rfll,ra rortHocr AxcraHut4flTa ua oScrpeJla, floAqepraBa'r.{3yMure,'IHara \{y cnoco6uocr Aa ce cto6passBa c 6cii iureKar{ecrBarHa K{iHKperHfiff xapl]yH.

fhl-paenzuuu ca crb,'IKiIOBeHIlt{Ta c RrO necpepN. fpynrapaHero Ha

,cTaAaTa cTaBa no Bb3pacToB llpH3Hax, nopaAI{ KoeTo 14['IAI4BI4AHTe

ta3tJlelKAaT KaTO qe ,rIu ,,ilpoll3BerxellH oT eAHa fi'Iarpl{ua". Taxa xapny-r{r.{crlbr e pa3ToBapeH or rpI'Ix{ara 4a us6rlpa. Or.naAar lt [peAIIa3HI'lreMepKr.{ npu cpeul4 c qra or ne(ia,roau pn6v. OSuNFIoBeHo neQeponararpynspoB6a ce ngt{BflBa I{3HeBIIAe'rI}Iqa. 'lq o6rpax4a pH6onoeeUa orItsCIIIlKI,I CTPAI-I1,{ C HCCA'bPN{ATIOTO }KCTAHHC AA PA3Y3I{AC KAKBO IIPCA'

€Tats,{fltsa ro3r.r crpaues o6nrare.n Ha NIopero. ,rle$eplne Kp:bcrocBarHflKO,'tK0 CeK--lrFiA\4 C OTCeqeHH, 6:lpsrz t,I npaBc.rlI{Fleiiuu Aeilxenug,Hanor{{rqilItz Tn]lera i'ia x{op3otsa az6yxa. llpocrpe,raaHero ,Ha eAI{H ,'Ie-,Sep cau'ro cenea craAoro 1I ro Il3qe3Ba 3a KparKo BpeMe. Xl4irlq{'{r,u1eodiue ne ca yil"riaiileglr or pa3t4rpa.rloro ce I'I crl'{la,qa cfl ,,Il[{ar pa6ora"

''3 3oFlara, xapryl{l4crtr Iqe norlaAue n o6Npllt(egl',IeTo IINI oue HgKo,rIKo

NbTfl"Cornnra,rqn. pe3-yJlrari.{ ce Ao6rtBar, Koraro B AaAeHa aKBaropI4r

',Hax,qyflr I.{ ce ycrauonRr rpaiitto KoN{traKrHtd crala or "re$epn' Taxaear4HBa3rIff ce xapaKrepLI3Hpa c oco5esa nt'z6yAa y xulqgIrqHTe Id rpaerroHfiKo[a ao l---2 qaca. OrAaBa ce Ha cBpbxallerl'Ir c"IeA nepllo4 Ha

I\,{eTeop0,'loll{qecKI.{ cNIyIIIeHLIfl 14 HA H{KOI',I CTpaI-IHqHI{ npuqI4HI'r-'T awa nu e, vJrI4 I{e, ts IloAo6Hu ,,,re(lepoax pecropagTl'I" ca ce oSoBaBa/'IH

MHo3 HHa irarua cl6p arq . floCneAoBare,'l H liTe npocrper'IBaHv ff I{e BI{acgT

THHK2KBO CY[ilaroxa Cpe4,recpepnre. HanpoTl{g, KOHCTaTI'rpa ce,q'axeyCr.rirBaHe edlel(Ta Ha HacTbpBeHHeTo B pe3y,'ITaT OT Kt'pBf lqaTa ILtqqKa.

B onnCaHara o6CTaHoBKa AyMaTa cH Ka3Ba yMeHI{eTo Ha JIoBeI1a Aa

cTpeJlg Tor{Ho, Aa MaHHnyaHpa c ocBo6O}KAaBaHeTO Ha AI'lBeqa lI:3ape)KA'a}IOTo I{a xapIIyHa, KaKTO H Aa CMeHfl pI,ITT,Ma Ha pa3AI4IIIBaHe'

126

6eg Aa BJio[raBa 6oecnoco6socrra cH rroA BoAara. C eAna ,qy[,ra -6:npsuHa B AericrBr4flra, Koero r43qeptrBa or car{o ce6e cu Bbnpoca 3aft,reroAllKara crtpqMo "reSepa.

Ocrpure sb6r4 Ha ,re$epa ca r/TaBHara i{ ncc"{eAua 3arqura Ha-xutqHrzKa, Koraro crpe.laTa npo6He rr,'roro uy. BescnopHo xapnyHr.{c-rr'r rprdea Aa ce cr,o6pa3rBa c yrpo3ara. E4Hoeper,renuo c rona npe4-na3Jlr.rBocrra noxa6qsa AocTa BpeMe, KoeTo e B npoTHBoperrHe c npe-fiopbqar{oro 6tpso re\{[o. Irlexo!, Mo]Ke Aa ce norbpcu n ua6opa uaxaprryH, npa yc"rloBlre qe I4Ma [b,'IHr{ AoKa3aTe,'IcTBa 3a rroBce[,1ecTH]rcpeulu cr,c craAa or ne@ep. EAan r,rsoros'b6eq,, i.rscrpe,rBarr or nlIXo-"qflrq) [HeBMarr.rqHo opbx{r.ie, u1: o6,reNuu 3aTpyAHeHr.{flra Ha xapny-ut4cTa.

,4aeparom

Toea, qe ,raBpaKbr ce cperqa pfl,qKo, r.i3fJre)KAa e eAHa or rtpu'.{uHuresa Hero.(a ce roBopr.r Lrecro. Apyro oct{oBal{fie e rrefoBaTa,folrrel,rtlHa -npocrpe,nBaHrrre B HepHo Mope eK3er{rr,T{p{l ca [,re]KA)r 2 w 12xr,Koero orpe>Kna Ha JraBpaKa ,,[apcKtifi TpoH" BcpeA AocT'bfir]i.ire 3axapryflucra pu6u ({rar. 49). Tyx Ba x{onreHr u1e orKpriel\r cxo6a-

@ar. 49

n Cpe4useuno, Erer?:xo u AApuarauecxo l,rope cnoprr.rcrr.rre ca odJraro-,4,eTed'ICTByBaHr,I OT 3I-taqr.rTe/'Ilro I]o-fbcToTo JraBpaIXKo noceJ]eHr4e.Ho ralr ur{AuBr.rArzre ca B paNrKure or 0,5J0 ,u,o 3 Nr. ,rlarpaqu or4-5 r<r ca prrAKocr, a raKHBa or B-9 Kr _ r.{cruHcNo.c:n6urue.Kypuosnoro e, qe HMeHHo B-xuaorpauoB ,riaBpaK 6e yAapeu or 6r.n-rapcKnq cbcresare,r fluuo lpoeen npn eAHa rpeHr4poBKa e Mapcununrpes Meceq quyapn 1976 ro4ana.

127

Tperil cruMy,rr 3a ycuirreHrls HHTepec ca ApaMaTr4rrHr.ITe ycJro)KHe-Hlrfl, npr.rApyx{aBarqu BcflKa cpeqa c ra3r4 pv6a. Egna uaxpan, xo*raro cnoprHara nc6e4a Eeqe [pr4HaA,'iexw ua pu60noBeua, rofi nnoxeAa Bnr{ne s rpa$i.rna Ha npeAHl,rcrBaTa H orJrHqHHTe BKycoBr.r Ka_qecTBa Ha,raBpaKa.

,IIanpaN* e i,3gBeH xHIrlHHK. Hero ue caMo onp,,T'rqaBar HaB:bJiK, Ho nt'e.cpp-eucrzs egr{K Hanpt4r\4ep c$squanHo e xpHeT KaTo.,,MopcKr4 Br,,'rK". Xpauu ce c rrbryBa]trlu pu6w, Ho He e 6espasnu.leu nr{lbM AbHHr.are rrpeAcraBHrenu. v HaC rO Cpeillal4e npeAr.iMHO eAHHlrrjHo,,rroHfiKora Ha AsofiKr.r rr cpaBHr.rreJrHo pflAKO S HeX4HO|O6pOftUUn-ra.flocne4uoro rBrbpAeHi4e sac'rryx{aBa r.r3BecrHo nperr,usnpaHe. r4ua ceNPCA BI'A AHHAI,IHq}IfiRT 6CNC|, CUPCq KJIACIqECKOTO ABI{N{CHHC B

'ITO,KaKTo e npu reSa,roBrtTe BHAoBe re ne$epa. 3aqoro HHaqe HeBeAHbx e^ycrailoBtBaHo crpynBal{e Ha lo,'IetvlH Ko,'IHr{ecrBa JIaBpaqv B onpeAeJre-Ha SoHa' KTrAeTo re noMbpx{ar Aocra He3aBHcHMo noBeAeH}ie, cflKaiffrHenoAqHHeHO Ha cTaAHr.Iff ItHCTi4lrKT.

!,aHunre 3a x,{rzrpaur.rflTa H pasMHo>KaBaHeTo Ha qepHoMopcKr.rsd'raBpax ca orpaHr.rqenn. flpn ropa Fr{KoH oT Tflx Motar 4a-6r4ar ocno-peHH. B JrxreparypHHTe H3ToqrrHr{H ce Ka3Ba HanpzMep, qe npeg Me*cerlHre oKToMBpr.r-HOeMBpr.{.. rOii Ce I]prrABH)KBa x:anr orxpurr{Te MopcKl4pafionn. /{oxaro, HexoxAarlxa or Harrrnfl onHr, roBa e saii-dnaronpHqr-Hr4sr nepr4oA sa cperr{H c JraBpaKa r rpaii6pexHzf npTrcren. Beqe.I.it"{axMe IloBoA Aa Ka]Kex,{ 3a eK3eM[d1flpIr B ileTaprariHo clcToflHlle]tr(olrro ce ,,irpnrrHqar" Ha cJI:bHue Bl'B BoAa Ao KoJIeFre.

Cr,t1o raKa ce r.r3Kas'a npeAnor'Iox{e'He, qe pagt\,r'o)KaBaHeToCTABA B K'I)CHA IIPOJICT I.I E HAI{AJIOTO HA,TIflTOTO. CEC4CUHRTA N UA6,'I}O.AeHr]flTa, KoHTo vua sa ct 6parnra uy or A4przarrzrrecKo u Cpe4zselrHoMCpe, coqaT, 'r{e j\{pbcTeHeT0 3anoqBa oT Har{aIoTo I-Ia AeKeMEpH firrpoAr,,'ix(ana Ao r{pafl Fra Map". tr4ua norn:opAegr.r AanHH, r{e B MeceqrHyaplr 1972 v 1975 r. ilpr4 no-rorrrrro n cnoxcr?Ho niope orApyrr4 3nMr,lr\,iecrHH )KHTer-rH Ca Ha5.trc4ananu xpai.t, Hoc Er,arzHe MacoBri cT,cpeAoro-rraBaFiEfl Ha d'iaBpaur4. filpxauero Ha craAara Hano4o6nnaJio nepr{oA HaMpT,CTeHe.

HaureHcxuqT ,'raBpax ce HaBbpTa norpar? cKaJlrlcrrl Hocone rrTepeHrr, xapaKTepHa c paeuoodpasueTo lra A.rrr{oTo - Macr.rBFrH Non$iz-rypardl{fl, pesKLI cMeHI{ e 4r,n6ouHHIlre, A:brTtH noA,BoAFiH ad'Iela, rpll-Tr{cHarrr oT' Brlcorrl KarvIeHHI,I noflclr. Haraqzeto Ha ileilIep}I tlTIOA]\{OJIIZ KAPA XAPNYHI'ICTHTC AA MHCJIflT, I{E HESAB}ICI,IMO OT CBO.flr,rnrpaqlroHeH xapaxTep,raBpaKbr o6uqa Aa ce HacraHflBa 3ar4enecrgoBpeMe B rroAxoAflIlli{ 3a i{eto y6exrarla. B rasll Bp:b3Ka no qepFio]\,iop-cxux 6pxr ce roBolllr 3a onpeAeJleHr.r ,,,'IaBpailI(u Mecra",

llo npenre lra fioB ,TaBpaKT,T Mo)Ke .qa 6r4e cpeulHar BABnlr{eHr,ie]ailH Aa 5r4e orxpnr B cbcrogHlie Ha norofi, ,,ce4Ha,'I" Ha orianKaTa

t28

cI{ c ycrpeMeHa K},M IloeT,pxHocrra tJIaBa. He e usrnrcqeHo ra ro ria-MepHTe rlpr4Tael{ B Cf HKaTa Ha Hf Koff cKa,'IHa K03i'lpKa Ilrril4 pa3IIO,rioXieH

B He rBbpAe AI4Ci{perHa xpa,'Iy[a. l{a nanpaxa qecro Nlox{e Aa ce Ha-

TbKHeTe 14 B ilflHara ua npu6ox. TaKa'le KT,M Helo e AolycrllMo Aa cenoAxolKAa no BcaqKH oIII4caHI,I N'reToAII. Apyr e BbIlpocbr, qe B cIIoN{e-

t'ii'r'',l '

Our. 50. BofiH Eones rpafi Apana cbc cBo.a saii-ro"'tsu ,'laBpaK

Harure enponeilcNu Mopera MeroAtr Ha saca1ara e ocHoBeH. Onpe4e-Jrfluls po,Ifl raNr ulpae no-oTKpI4rl{sr TepeH L{ cpaBHI4TeJIHO rlo-loJlg-Mal'a lrepBHOcT Ha XI4IIIHI{Ka.

JlanpaNr,r e LI3BbHpeAuo 6Aure.nen. 3a paeJruKa orneQepao6aqeHa IieroBr.rfl TeN'InepaMeHT He e cnolicreeHa H3JII4IUHaTa caNloyBepeHocT"Ilo ragu npHr{r4Ha npec,'IeABaHeTo Ha ,'IaBpaKa e oco6euo I43ToIIII{Te,IIHo.

To gacrasg r'roBetra r,a AllplKll B Mo6r4Jtvgaqllf ut{d'loro cll BHIzMaHI'le, AanponBeBa rbpneHue u cnoNoiicrsue, Aa 6'rAe Ao6pe yKplrr u 6esuryueH.Tpn6ea ra ce noMHI{, qe Bce nax .lto6onurcrBoro e c:bcTaBKa ua 6gu-Tc,tlocrra. TogH HeAocrarbK Ha JIaBpaKa NtolKe Aa ce,,oIIoJI3oTBopIz"Bc,/ryrf ail, KOraro xapiIyHl{cr6T e B 3acaAa, a pu6ara e noA na6,,rtoAeuI4e,u0 Taxa lr He r{cKa rla nplt6,raxu. or scuqNll H3KycrBeHI4 npeAI4SBHKa-

Te,rc'r'Ba naii-yr'lauHo e I,r3nycK;iIIe'ro IIa FIfiKO'IIfio [4exyprleTa BT,3Ayx

rrpe3 ullropxe,ra. IIoue eALiI{ or xtiu{HHutlTe BeAIIata ue roBTaca, ga Aace ocBelfo[4l1 KaKBo CTaBa.

Itrpu xoHrieHrpi4paHe Ha "'IaBpaldll B N'Ia/rIKa 3oHa

c r\raKchr\'raJlua 6r,p:una. lpynara salla3Ba cnoxoticTene

0 11r,ir!aJrilurttr crtof[

ce AeI{CTByBa3a Fre noBeqe

129

or AeceruHa MHHyrfi (6es pasnvxa or 6pon r{ KaqecrBoro Ha I,I3CTpe-

.[LITe -

cno,'IyqJII]BH LI Hecno,{yq.nilnn), cneA KoeTo pafioutr H3BeAH6)K

OtlycrflBa. Jlanpaqure ilMar ocrpa rIaMeT 3a MecraTa' cBbp3aHH c-HeRpfigTgl4 npelKI,IBeJII4Uia. Te Hf\,Ia .{,a Ce BbpHaT TaM IIOHS eAHa Ce,{,-

MHIIa,HoTOtsaHeII3K'rIOr{BaBb3MO}KHOCTTaBaKBaTOpHqTa'4aCe,,3aBbprLI" i{flKoe Apyfo craAo.

@sr. 5i. "''ianpax ot soc Enarlse

Heo5nNHoeeHo relKl{a e 3a.4ar{ara Aa ce o6crpeJIBa dTaBpaK B npi{6ofi'

"orn"o rop"to e 6ypHo. llpn,ro>runla e TaKTIIKaTa 3a JioB Ha Ke[paJII'I

B rr,rrr4TqviHIlTe, CaN{O qe ilpU l{efl n3XOlKIa['le OT yCJIOBI'lflTa Ha peJIaTI;IB-

HO [4OpCKO crioKoii]rBr.re. B Aa;leul,rt cnyuaii ycroftaHero Ha IIpHI4x<Aa-

rqr4re r{ oTrer,,rqrqr{re ce Bbr'rHr4 e r.l3HypLITe,'Iua pa6ora. llo54:rpxaHeroHa 3acaAaTa II3r.lCKBa slpr,'ra"'iito SaKr-IeIqBal{e c Ko"IeHe' JIaKTI4 I{ cTrc

cBo6oAFlara p:bI{a K:bM as1pauvx ceKrop.

130

3a crpen6a IIo MopcKlrfl Brr/TK ce r.r3troJlgyBa 6-munuuerpoBa raLITfiH-cKa crpe,rla. Ho seponrHocrra Aa 6rAere r43HeHaAaHr.I B Harxr4Te yc,To-tsr4ff oT HlrAr]BHA, IraAxtsbp,lrrrl Sxr,sacny>KaBaAa ce [oMric,Trl 3a H3-tsecrHa KopeKquq. C"re4 npocrpe,'rRaHe r{epHoMopcKr.rffT drraBpaK He cei{acorIBa KbM [oBT,pxHocTTa, a c ro,rlflMa Mo]4 ce rlotsill{qa no A6HoTo,TIpH KOeTO CTbpqailIaTa OT TS,TOTO My CTperla Ce 3aKarla B KaX,fibHI4Te.B xenaslrero .qa ce ocBodoAil Toft e cK"rroHeH Kbh{rrpoBr4paHe rrpeguerrHarr{Hr4 u noAr,to.nu. llpn resu repI,iflerr.rH crpeJlara ,'recHc ce rrpe-sryfiBa B 3aceqKlrre. olacnocT rpo3H r,r KopAaTa, aKo Ts e oT Hafi--rbHKr4re. 3arosa IipI] [,raHi4paHa eKcneAailr{f 3a JratspaK rpn6aa 4a ce.uaAe npeIllr.rcrno lta 7-nunuuerpoBa'ra crpeJra u Ma,[Ko no-ne6e,rrarax{0pAa.

I'{a npi'n [orrreA orAe/'rflFIeTo ]-Ia rorrroBa ilficrc 3a r'IaBpaKa etMa,{r(o cTpaFrHo, Karo ce E3er,{aT npeA Btr,l peAl{i.rre cpeqn c Heto.{-Io rrpegn 4a o6rpueu rtorrTeA i{'b}.,l Ha,re}KAr4re 3a 6r,;ieu1rro, neNatsilAuNr crailoBr,rillero Ha xapilyHt{cra flerr,p {leHree, r4sBecreu cfipHcTpacrr.{erO cr.{ K:h[,r rT]pielie Ha JraBpaN. cuopeq Heto rosil MOp-,cl(il o6urare.rr e HeoStaxnceeHo LryBcrBr,rre,'rer{ Kbh{ HapacrBarqr.{Teurpafi6pexuu tilyruoBe. Omanr H,qBa r43BoAbr, qe eHacrbrlra,rrcr{acoBolrpecc,reurle Ha Br4Aa Kbl,r BCe olr1r fiycreeulnre 6percBe Fra t{epnon,rope. llcpa3r{re"THa e Jri4qltara crarticrr{Ka Ha crrcprr{cra: AoKaro npe3l1)69 r. e xapuyH;.ipan35naepaKa, npe3 1976 r. roft ce e rro3ApaBn,I

c,rNrro c eArllr eK3eil{ildTflp, a lpe: 1977-1980 r. n:so6qe }ie e r4r.{a,'r cpeqaIl()/( BoAaTa.

I,l:eeAeuara or lleH,ree rega 6u 6!rna ct,eceM np[er,{,'n{Ba, aKoTl ilocr'reArro BIleL,{e He 6flxa ny5,'l[KyBaHu o6egnorcr.{rer'rHrr AaHr{H sarriurl)aBelir{ r.r3c,reABaHHq oKo,To }r3TortHiire 6peroee Ha A'r,TaHTrzLIecKr{ff()r(c,i.rrr. Cnopeg rffx xpaHcrcMr4,rl&r€JrFrtra cxcreMa rIa ryHerra H JIaBpaKau()r(a3Ba rl3Bt'npeArlo llonr4irIeua cnocodilccr Ba Harplr[BaHe Ha ]KL{BaKn o;rorio B opiaHrI3L{a" E pesy"rrar or KoHuenrpar{trqra Ha re3a cM:bpro-lloclllll BCI.UeCTBA IIOTLIBaHeTO Ha ABaTa Xillqi{LtKa paCTe yC[OpeAHO CT,C

:lirM'bpcflBatr{ero }Ia or(eaFra. Bnpouena 3aulo H r tlepuo L,rope Aa He e ra-t<ni)

Ii r,,rrapcrure xapilyHricTrr o6aqe cJreAflT c onTr{Mr43T,M rz3KycTBeHo-'r() l)a3BT,)K.4arJe Ha HBr{'4eCTHrr naBpaK e cccP rr oqaKBaT HerotsaTa!lorllJa. Tosr,I suA e [peAcraBr.rre,'t Ha ceBepoaN,repr{KaFICKara pi{6narfrayla. Or,rrrqaea ce c 6rpeoro cH HapacrBale Lt locrrztaHero Ha pa3-Mcl)n or 2 ru 4u;rilHa r.r 50 Kr rerJro.

l3l

MopcNama )cu.eH'a

B cpaeHeurze c JaBpar(a cnapr4Aonnre pu6u saeMar IIO-lO,'lg[i.u'flJ;

i'pr".*fir"ran -puOo,roe

e LIefHo nrope. -BepofrHo 3a yAo6crBo xap-

IrvFtt4cTliTe HapliqaT ,,crapl4" BCeKLI BltI\flH I4,'IU [poCTpeJIfiH q"leH Ha

ceMeticreoro. lIIe rpa6sa Aa yrorIHI'{M x A,a noApe.qI'IM BI4AoBere cnope&

TSXHOTO 3[IaqeHI4e 3a I]oABOAHI',Ifl JIOBeI{ y Hac'

llporuotlo Ha nucN{eHI,lTe u3ToI{HI,IIlu I,{Ma I]3rJ'IeAII' qe no 66,'I-

aupo*t o 6par uopcNaTa xr{eHa ce cpeqa uafi-.Iecro oT BcI4qKI',I npeA*

crannrenu Ha cet\,reiicTBoro. c:rqoro cnoAeJIgT 14 clBercKl4re Hn Ko.ftera

sa KpuMCKoro xPatiSPexue.Mopcnuru xnbsa y Hac e HapvqaHa olqe H

',KaMeHapKa" ($rar.' 52) "

flo6r,,rrapnBaHeTo ua"utrero, pai6upa Ce, FIe N,Io)Ke Aa npoMeHI'{ neftHara

Qur. 52

eK3OTI{qHa oKpacKa. Toga ce oTHacfl eAHaKBO Ir 3a qlopMaTa' vr 3A

oqBeTgBaHero-il. HefisoTo Tff,'ro e afiqeo6pa3Flo, Cu,'IHO CI,IIeCKaHO

cTpaHIIqH0'cKoi{IIqHaMyuyHa,oTKoflToceI,I3AaBaTHanpeA,sApaBmpe'euu. cu,pergeaueT0 Ha TTJIOTO e B CH,'IHI'I KOHTpaCTLI, KOI'ITO IIOAqep-

iaSa, rpoilHrie.Kns npor.l3xoA Fra r{opcKaTa XI,ieHa. Cpe6pucrure JIIO.''H'

uuarryc}lHKaB'Typ03oBoTTeHbK'aTffJJoToHoI]a[IKaTacanpenacaHl{c rror{Tx r{ellHu HanpeqHI',I 14BIIUH. flpocrpe'neaHi'rre y Hac pu6n ca sari-qecro B lrpaHl4llure or 1 Ao 2'5 xr'

XpaHllceCM0pCKnqepBel4I,IApyrH6esrpl6nauHl,IxI'lBoTI{H-[a,lr oT ecTecTBoTo ]ra xpaHaTa,. Hr'lu Il0 HeIl3C,'IeABaHI{ npI4qIIHI'I, HO'

KaMeHapKaTa r.{Ma Te)K}K 4t,x, Noiiro He I43qe3Ba HaIbJIHO I',l C"IeA Kyx-

n*"*iu oSpa6orNa. Ero gaulo 3aAoBoJrcrBoro or HeiiFrraf yrss ra *

132

C:bBCeM nbJIIIo. II{e Cu IIo3Bor'IHM eAHO KyJIHHapHo oTKJIoHeHI'1e. nOA-

CKa3aHO oT JII{qH[g onHT: CJIeA [oqllcTBaHe, Ho I]peAI{ o6pa6orWara(napeue, [6p)KeHe Lr,rru cNapa) pu6ara ce rI6pJII4 Ha olr,H B orBecHo

rro!'Iolr{eHr.re c onarrlKara HaAod'ry. flpu rasu onepaqlll ce ot{e>KAa rrop.g'

A:brtHo Ko,/rfiqecrBo i\{a3HHHa. XlieHara ce orgeMa or ol1,Hff c',{eA

glfl,,r6gTHo pa3KbCBaHe Ha Koyara il, xOAtO BIISCJIeACTBI{g Ceo6eJIBa

M Ce l43xBbpr'Iff.Cta:spureuo OCKT,AHII ca AaHHIITe 3a HefiHoro AoN{yEaHe H pa3Mlio-

.)KeHr{e. i{aureto BIIeqard'IeHI{e e, qe MOpcKaTa XVeHa e o6HTaTeJI C

nocroflFreH aApec, noHe B ToII"iIIre MeCeUU. He cn1'uailno fl cpeff,aMe

ts eAHr.r u crqra pailoHil, sa6eJIeXHTeJIHI4 c Ab,'I6oKo epo3qpaHI4 CKaJI[trlI

nracz. c [oMorqTa Ha rroABoAHa /'raMna ca oTKpr{Bar{r{ KaL{eHapKLI B

JreroBllqara Ha ceKara ceBepHo or c. JIoseHe( u 3ar\ pHSa cpeiqy'c. Bapnapa.

Mopcr<ara x6eHa ce cpeqa [oeAuHur{Ho, Ha ABOfIKH r.r 3HaqIrTeJIHo

firo-pffAKo B MaJIoqIIc,'teHH tpyng. He e nrc6uTe'{ Ha IIJIHTKiITS MSCTA,

Herlnoro IIoBeAeHLie e CIIJIaB or SopK6CT I.I JIyKaBCTBo. Ar<o 6bAe saCe-qeria B oTKpHTO npocrpaHcTBo, Tfl r.r3rre3Ba He3a6aBFro. cnyuea ce

oda,{e La 6r/Le e ,,4o6po HacrpoeHlle" H ToraBa Kax{eHapKara ce 3a-

{taentfia c "IIoBeqa,KaTo Ha I.aHTepBaJIil ce npu6nuxana t,r ce OTAa,'IeqABar

n0 BriHatlr Ha 6e3o[acHo 3a Hef pa3cTOgHI{e. OceeH ToBaTgH[IKOrafre u3,,tata KbM XapIIyHliCTa IIJIOCKaTa, CTpaHI'IqHaTa CI{ qaCT He Tfi-.JIOTO.

B cunso HaceqeH TepeH xI4eHaTa Moxe na 6'bAe .u,o6,'in)KeHa uyAapeHa caMo c npe11ta3Ha 6esmyuuocr B ABr.r)KeHlrffra. 3a6e,1fl3$ai4I<Lr

fl noHflKola oT.4a''Ieq' XapnyHI.icT:bT xpaHI-I :ilJ|Io3Llfi^ra, qe I4MaAocTa

pa3croflHLIe, KOerO 6tz uoru.l Aa rIpeMI4He [O-He6pe]KHo. xeprBa'raCbtr{O AaBa BLrA KaTO rIe JILI HH1IIO He f 3aIL'la[iBa. Cera I{.4,8a BpeMeTg,

.Koraro Ae6rieuusr ce 3arasBa I{ npaBI'I Ao6pe pa3qereH o6xoAK:bM

{Ie,rlra. Ho. . . KbAe e rfl? r{oBeKbr cMagHo ycraHoBflBa' qe xfleHara€ rrlyKHa,ra BAbH BOAa, 6eS Aa OCTaBH KaKBarO u Aa 6uno cJIeAa 3a

iloc6KaTa nilv Br4Aa Ha y6e)KlrlqeTo CI{. Begnt,X LI3IIyCHaTa, Tfi HffMa

Aa ng3Bor'rr{ BTOpa Cpeqa, BbIIpeKH r{e He [O6glBa AaJIer{, a Ce }rKpI{Ba,U,OCaMI4 IOABOAHI'Ifl ,lIOBeL\.

Xuesara He o6r4rra A:bJIttlTe [peXoAH. Ts e gaeraC XpaHeHeTO CI4

11FeIu[,rHO Ha MqCTO, KaTO,,qO[JII4" [O CKaTOBeTe. MeTOA5T Ha li3r{al(tsa-

He e no-nepe3y,rrTareH B CJlyqafl. floAxoAqq e N4eroA:bT Ha TT,pCeHe'

Fio KaKTO Beqe AaAOXMe Aa Ce pas6epe - AoBeAeH AO BI4COKO Maft*

,cTon-lcrBo. I,l UaNpal, KOJIKOTO I'I Aa e OfpaHliqeHo BpeMeTo 3a IIpH-qeJBaFre, cTpeJrara Tpfl6Ba Aa ce Hacoqn B TBspAaTa KpafilpibSnaqHaLtacr FIa'ronoro. I(openrHara 06,TacT e 'TeCHa 3a pa3K:bcBaHe' KoHI4r{-

HI4'IT 3aBT,pueX Ha I,'IaBaTa cT,Iqo e N'teK u I,Io)Ke Aa H3l{rpae Jlollla

il rela .

133

Cnapumo

Hapnuar ro oxle ,,r'ropcKa Kapar(y.qa". llo $opnra Ha rfiJroro ce ,to6nra*xaBa Ao xlreHaTa c ra3r4 pa3JrvKa, qe He e ro,'IKoEa Riiqenr.r4uo r.{ ycrareHe e xoHr.{qua ((rNr.53). CrqecrBeuu pa3drllr{ufi-HMa E r{Berotsere*

<Drar. 53

Jhocnure Ha rfl,'ioTo raBaT 3,rarvcr or6nncrK, a m,p5:br H crpauuqr-iureHanpeqHl{ IlBlIq[ ca r'racJreHoge,,ieHli. I4elrqata, Kofro rrpenacBa orlarlr-Horo crr,6no, e SFIarJtrtre,'IFIo no-Tt,uHa" IIoA06HH TTTMHI{ nerHa ca rL{-nr{qHr.r rr oKoJIo ocHOEaTa Ha rpbAHi.iTe nepKr.l.

Bcuqnu cnapE?a, I{olrro ca ga6e,'rrr3aHfi or rpaHlril,aracPylrsrin*Ao Mac,res Hoc, ca c pa3Mepfi rc 12-15 cnr. En rpn6eano uxrrror'ro3lrreAa Ka)r{aT ,4yx{aTa crr, AanH Ce Kacae 3a e.qHotoAr,rl].rHl;r xaTetop]ir4/KoLITo BnocJleAcrBl4e He orleJiflnar (rina wrurpr.rpar), urr.H aa r43pax{AaHeHaBvAa B pesyJrrar Ha no-cypoBzre yc,{onufl. Ho H ro)KHo or n'lacnesHoc e ro,rffMa priAl{ocr Aa ce B}rAv cfiapn. EAea n axtsaropr{ffTa c,qeA,

Axrono"'i cpeqr.rre ca lo-qecrn. B or4enun AHr.r He e r{BKJrroqeHa nofl-BaTa Ha MHOtOqUC,'reHI,r cTaAa.

B uarulrre BoAI{ cnaptrTo 3Haqr.{TefiHo orcr:bnEa r]a t\'ropcKaTa xrzeHarno orlroueHlle Ha rerr'roBHfl lrpr4pacr. [o6pure eK3ex,{nd,ifipri ca N{eN{Iy0,500 u I rr. Ho re pri,{Ko uaAMr.rHaBar 2 xr ,nopu E yc.,ioBr4sra r{aCpe1irselrHo tuope.

Haezqure Ha c[apr4To cxox{AaT c re3n Ha l,xol]cKaTa xrieHa Konr{cBaFrero uxn 6vt 6u,ro panHosHaqHo Ha rlpenoBTapnne. Sacny]KaEaAa4o6anten't o6a.ie, r{e ToSLI JIIoclecT o6uraren }Ia MopeTo e lrbpBocTe-neHen ,,NrarHur" 3a xapnylrncrfiTe no cppeHcxo-uc[ancKoro Npaii6pe*>KI4e, rypcl(oro, IropryraJrcKoro, 6pasu.ucNoro H ApyraAe. llpu ranroru-HI.iTe yciloBl{fl Tr,pceHeTo My cTaBa npeAr.r Bcr.rrrKo E retotsHillaTa.Ee4ara e, qe HeroBara npeArra3Jrr.iBocr e roJtKotsa H3ocrpeHa,rreror

134

no6qrsa rr oT cKptlBar'Ir{Uero cLt, at<o Ao,/IoBLI npu6.nuxanal{eTo HaJIOBEI.

II{e or4e.nuM HflKoJrKo Ayx,ir{ 3a Apyrr4 BHAoBe or cet,rel'{crBoro Hacrrapr4AoBrlTe pu6u, Korrro ca y,rraBrlHr.{ noeAHr{uqHo e t{epuo ri'lope.Ct,rqecreeHoTo B c,[yqafl e [pexoAnara BpbBKa, KoflTorrleHarrpaBI4M

tDr.rr.54

ctc Cpe4usenuo, AgpuarnqecKo, Ereficxo n &lpauropuo Mope, Kr,AeroTe3r{ BHAOBe Ca AaJreq no-pa3npocTpaHeH}1.

Ca'tnama (nenpaeu,nHo Hapr.iqaHa y r{ac ,,capna") HeKoJrKoKparHoBeqe e npccrpeJltsaHa or xapnyHrrcru rro FOxuoro Llepuor,ropree,

Ylu4v,su1wle 6sxa MaJIKH - oxo/'ro 200-300 r. Ts,roro ri e oeanHo"I4BI.TUUTe Ca HaAJibX{HV, >$'bJt'tO3ilATHCTH, a },4e}XAy TflX I]OHffKOta CenonBflBar Lt rai<Haa c:bc cnerJrocaH IlBflr (SHr. 5a). l{o xapaNrep e no-o6ul,urenua h rro-cnoKoilga or cBonre ct,6palx. B aranuancr<v w

$peHcxN BoAk HaIrrI4Te cbcTegare,'Irz ca I,rMa/rlrr qecru cpexltl c gra orcaJIIIu, KoI4To l{rpaflT B l\,[aJIKLr 6aceiinu II,'ILI oTBecHr4 i{e[HaTI.IHLI AO6pera. Cneg nrpnnfl ycriemeH Hscrpe,'r rpynuTe 3aAT,,'iro cecKpr{Bara y6excuqara.

3n6apnm (caHerpn4:ur) e 6rrn npflrler'r 3a Harxure xapil\'Hr{crr.r E

IOroc,rasus. Ho n eceHra na 1975 r. e QepHo iuope 6e I43BaAer{ st 6apor ,[urto lpcsen no BpeMe Ha I]ogroTBr.rTeJrHr.rfl narep-c6op Ha riauuo-HaJrrrufl or6op.

3a pasnaxa oT xr4eHara rol'r e r43rrfl/'Io cpe6pucr, Tq,rloro e yAb,'I-xclro, r,'raBara e rexKa ra c rpy6a $opnta (Qnr.55) . flpu uy'x4ureycJrorlrrr [{oxie Aa }iapacHe 4o 80 clr l:rnNniea u B xr rer,rro. ltlsi{,{rc-rllil(',nlro lle4cnepririna pu6a, cp€uly KofiTo He not,{ata Lr \4eToAtrrT Ha vg-q;rKIlalI("r'o. Fesy,trarHunT noAxox I{t't\ir Hef e ri3nt,I{peAgo nio6onrzreil:xill)rryrr.rc'r'rJl rpn6na Aa Har\,iepH Jrercnrrrqe B cKa,'rr4re, no6npaulo rn-

r35

.trroro n{y, u Aa ce cKplle BbTpe' EAsa rorasa cJIeA cr'orBerurlTe npe-

AH3Br.rKare,rIHlI ruyu"' sl6apar ce BTypBa HeIIpeAnaSal4Bo oTBbt{-'

i.raBbTpe. .-^nr-'-- iiioao*a Aocrlira 70 cu At"txt4\ra u 4 xr rcxusa' CxoAna e no

tsT'IInIHI4 6eresH c:nc-ir'6apa,'oco6euo nt'e @opuara Ha r"IaBara' B

(Drar. 55

IIaqaJIOTO Ha CTpaHI{qH aTa JlLlHllrl UNla Cta"IHO 3a6e,'Ie)KI'IMO rrepHO IISTHO'

.(opa4ara o6n'la .4a crpaHcrByna' fra or Heq ce 3aA6p)Kar Ha onpeAe-

"ileHo NtflcTo OKO,{O Mecerl, a fioc,Ie xapIIyHlzcTHTe c [or{yAa pas6npar'

;; ;; ;; Ll3qe3Ha,ru. !,opa4ara cibIIIo e ocropo)KHa pw6a u ro MeroAa Ha

I,I3rIaKBaHe Mox<e Aa ce pa3rlnTa Ha ycnex caMo E no-MbTHa soAa' Eee-

"otour"ue,aKo6lnesarapeHaBJleloBl4ule,rt'fiKaro[opaAIICTpaH-Hocr B LIItcrItHKTa, Tg He noJlala ycrrJrLlfr',u,a ce cnacfi' 3a clxaneHue

noa"O"o ua s:n6apn ,4eHeM rfl pflAKo ce npu6upa ran,t' lloAsoAHlare

p"6ono"r1" I'13no,'I3yBar cJIeAHI{9 TpI'rK: Koraro 3a6eJle)Kar craAo

AopaAH,Te3anoqBarAanJlflcKarcnepKHTe'I]pI'IHy]KAaBair'xuganna-iu-alril"' prz6u c',,roiu A,a nor:bpcflr_ rrr,pBoro nonaAHa,to uu y6exuule.

!.opa4ara nocexlaBa uecraia, 6orarn c Mo'lllocKu' Karro TloJIeHbT

lle e )Ke,,IaH rOCT B HaruHTe LaJItlHl4, TaKa II AOpaAaTa e IIpOK"II4HflHa

oT xopaTa, KOI',ITO Ce 3aHiIIvIaBaT c pa3BT')KIaHe IIa cTpI',IAI'I - ToJIKOBa

ronevu ca lopaxeHl{flTa, HaHacfiHI',I OT Hefl'

MHosiaHa Ca qeJIIl sa nypyHume - Tes1y. .'4pe5utz, 1pI{JII.IqHII Ha

rljuprnu pr46v, HapvqaHH olqe ',aKyJIl4l: sa AmagoHxa"' Cauo 3 mus

ca AOCTaTT,qHII Ha flTo flupaHH, 3a Ad OrJIOSraT ',{o KocTi'r )KI4BOTHO oT

;;;";;;, ua 40 rr. Ho *a'rrquna 3Harr' qe AopaAara' Koflro ce rp'r-

cnbco6sea r.r Kr,M cJraAKI,I B.AI4, e gaK,'IeTIIflr Bpal lI eAIIHcTBeH yHI4IIlo-

)I(I4TeJI Ha II4paHure.llpeseceuranalgT5r'ToraBaununrpeny6JII{KaHcKl'I-ll]al\{nl4oll

M"*u'rn BoNxoe rpocrpe,rBa B eAHH AeH ABe Aopa/lu B LiepHo Mope'

CneAere HeroBHfl prln,=' ,,Hanpaett MII BrleqarJleuue $opuara Ha r'Ta-

BaTa I.i qepHoro nerHo B Hailar'IoTo Ha crpauuqnara "luHl4n'-Han:nlno

npu,,ruqaxa Ha AopaAa' KaKBaro 6sx enxAan s AlpnaruuecKo Mope'

136

Seue ro,rlKoBa HeBepoqrHo, qe 3a cBoe ycfioxoeHr.re pen]rx Aa rn.rrpueMa 3a KaMenaprr. ilo4apr.rx tH Ha cBoH no3Harz c npe4ynpelKAe-.HI,ICTO, I{C IIMAT TCXKA MI,IPI,I3MA H HfiMA AA I,IM XAPCCAT. CPCqAU II{ C,IIEA;HflKo,'IKo AHrI, a re MII ce qyAqT Ha )rMa: ,,TaKuBa BKycHH pr4dLt _;KZI3B?T --_ He 6qx^ae flnn or4anua!,,

Br',nrapcrxre JrnTeparypHrr r{3ToqHr.rqrr cBr.rAere,rrcrByBar sa H3-tsiecrHo nporr4Bopeqae e rcnacnowKat$trTa. floeeqero ronopar 3a BH-IaAurata aurala,AaAeH n 6urapcxara Bepcr{r xaro pil6ara Korla (r,rl{?llrfpa). B o6euucrnn c6opHux ,,gepHo Mope., (rnsa. ,,f.

-SaKaJrots

1978) o6aue Kouara ce qBfiBa [oA,]rar,Hcxoro'Spaiu.-uriuiu]KAKTO CC O3HAqABA AOPAAATA B IIfl,T CBflT.

* ,[pyr BHA or clrrloro ceMeficreo 6e nono4 3a HHrepecHo orKpr.rrrle.I-lplr

^onzrBaHe or Harxa crpaHa,Kor. rrepHoMopcKi pu6a cMsra 3aHafi-nNycua, Bb3pacren pu6ap _or Cogono,r [ocTaBH Ha nbpBo MflcTo.ne$epa, cJIeABaH oT oBqI4rIaTa. Cnol,reuaBaHeTo Ha ,,oBqrlqa.i Hr.r HgHe_

HaAa, rr'fi Karo raKaBa pu6a 6xxve qyBa,r[ 14 Brr]r<Aarrv caMo B aopili-TuqecKo l,rope. Cne4 KaTo norzcKaxMe or pu1apn uefiHoro olucaHrre, aSnoc'TeAcTBHe Ha[paBHxMe yTotIHfiBaHe c loroc,'IaBcKr,r r4xrHo,ro3r.r, ce,OKa3a, r{e CTapnflT COBOnO,'Ieq e LIMa,,I npeA BHA CT,iqaTa pW6a.Cr:aeaAyy^^t:, :l{u Pagellus mormyrus, rrosHar y Hac Karo Mopn4yp.

LpaBHr.rre,THo peAru ca cper[r.rre n erponeftcxure Mopera c ocTaHa_JlHre npe.qcraBHTe,'ru sa ceMeftcrsoro: r]arap, rr,rep4x-an (apdyH) uffarlTap. Bnporrenr oT Bcr.rqKr.r c[oMeHarr.r cnapu4oara prz6u canroirarapbrs{e e petucrpr{pau n tlepno l,rope.

A4opcrcama apaHa

Mopcrara BpaHa e c,ra6o paglpocrpaHer{a B gepuo l\{ope, Ho Haillr4Te14311't4pBa'utt *loBopflT ga eAHa IIo"[o]Kr4Te,'IHa reHAeHr(r.ifl B pa3MHo-;xeuuero. ir. lo4nurno e gepuo Mope ce yApflr rrorierAeceruw'a 6pon,ttu

1_fll_-1:4e norbpceHa B,'reroBHrla, yroBbr BepoflrHo ule ce yBerrHqr4.

IleAIIoTo T.rrrTO e C[rTecHaTO OTCTpaHIZ H e noKpIjTo cbc cpeAHo to_JlO]\'rH ,rrrocnfi. BruurHnsr BriA Ha BpaHaTa (r.rnrenynaua o4e ,,iopnnua,)c TBl,p,[e MparreH. Tnnm r.r cTpaHr.{re ca or{Bere}r" srrnnHoxaQasocBl4oJrcTo.nr np.HMectr. I(tu xopeua pu6ara npocBer,,rqBa. Hapacrea 4oi)(, cM ll J--4 Kt ret,To. llo or'orueHl,e Ha xparleHeroceqrrcJlr,I I(T,Mxr.rulrrnlulr.c (lrHr'. 56).

il;tP;t71rr j\r1,Jrrr('rrocrlr.ire crl peaxqr.H MopcKaTa BpaHa e cqlzraHao'r' x;rl)ilvuil(''r'rr'ro rr,ryN<6rzsa sa Haft-HeAbcT:brrHr4n o6err. Kax.roIlttC'lrrlllll'fit lt,lt:l't(,1)ilil;l T.rI e B CT,CTOtIHHe Aa OTrIeTe TpT,fBaHeTO Hac'l'l)(',llil'r'lr u r\ror\4ou'r',1 la orrrycKaFle Ha ,'IacrnrlIare. B cruug uur pndarallllo6rtt'rur (' lr,ril(''rr\r y,r('p rra o[arrlKara. Tasn, Heo6[n"i""nu-,,poarp-tlil" L:ltg'1'1'nt,r uir I(ol)llililttTzr e cbrBopI4,,Ia xllrloregara, qe rfl e c"nnna. B

137

n0AKpenaCeHSTI,KBaAoKa3areJICTBOTo,qeCal{O['IopcKaTaBpaHaI{e'pearHpa Ha cBeTJIHHHHfl r'I:brl FIa noLBoAHIIg npox{eKTop' B HarueT0'

Uope o6aue I,IMaMe TB6pAOTO BIIeqaT"IeHue, qe BpaHIITe ca oT n0-IIHepT''

I{O TIOTCKJIO.

Bpanara e [peAcraBI4Te,'I Ha I\{aiIo6poIiHIItl. Kp:br "roBoperrl[(' p[45wt

AQJrOBr4Mr4 OT qoBe[lKoro yxo. Tq lisAaea cBoficrBe]I sByK -(Het]l0 Karo

l*nnn-r.oun"), no Koiiro iupny"""tt,r lvlolKe Aa ysHae 6nuaoctraii,

Qur. 56

npeAr.r Aa fl Br{Ara. Pasxasnar ce ucropar4 3a Br{yrxr4Te,'reH xop or ura-.cOBe Ha Bpal{n no BpeMe FIa pa3ivlHoxlireJlHXfl nepLIoA. 3eyqnre caIraAcKaqaJIH noBlpxHOCTTa, KOrarO CTAAara Ca 6vn\ Ha noBeqe oT40 rra no4 BoAaTa. T nfi, Nara pw1Lrre HsrvraT fJracH?r crpyHr.i, oSrrcHeHfiero,ce rbpcr{ B cneq[aJrHoro ycrporlcrBo Ha [JraBare,'rHlrr uexyp. Itrpla:BpaHara roii e cnoco6eH ua 6tpsw ll l,rHoroxparHrl cBr{BaHr.rr qpegl\,{ycK)r.[Z, IIprlKpeleHr.r Kr,]'i crel-lI4re uy. 3eyrrr"HAEa or rpeirTeH'IflTAHa r,{exypa, v3r{uc,'rflBaHu sa 24 B ceKyHLa. Cnope4 Apyrir o6aqe eny-ulrre ce o6pasysar or ABe KaJrrrupaHr.r Macr4, HaMrzpaulrl ce B oprar{rire,3a paBHoBeclre Ha pu6ara. Ha rsx ce np[nr4cBa H aK,vparHara ,,paAap-*{4" cricTeMa Fra x,ropcKaTa BpaHa. Tesu rr:op4n r\,iacrr ca o6eKr HaKOJr€KrIr{OHI{paHe OT ITCABOAHI4Te JIOBTII4 I,I Ce FrapHrlaT ,,I(at{bH!I Hau1,acrl4ero".

Muuorconzm

flplrctcrnyna B peqHLIKa Ha MHo3i,rria KaTo ,,\re,'IaKoFI" E,T!{ Karu,,,ylvt6pHHa". Hxr'la Aa ce r,r3HenaAaMe, aKo HflKoH ro o6tpNar u c ${op-cxara EpaHa EcJreAcrBr.{e Ha 6nusxoro uM poAcreo. Bce rtaK rieNotsoro

138

T'rr,/ro e no-MacLrBHo, a crpaHuqHoTo c[,'iecKBaHe - no-cna6o. l.i,p6r,r.c nauapeH c Kocr{ Htsr.rur.r, neraqr{ T:bMHoqepBeHHKaB or6nscr,N. Holrari-curypnara orJIi4Ka e HaJTHrtlreTo Ha x:bc r3pacrbK Ha ,(o,rrFroT&:rrerrrocr ($ar.57).

MuuoNonrr ce raKcytsa KaTo npr{A:bnria pn6a. B uapacreaHero c?i.,I{ocruta i{Mno3aHTHr,r pa3Mepr.r - i,5 r\r Ab"irx{HHa rz B0 xr rerJro.-KaNro MopcKara EpaHa n rcit npnHaA,'reNiH K:bn{ xtrrqHr.r[rrre.

{rnr. 57

_ Cperlr.lre Ha noABoAHun pz6o;roner{ c Mt{rioxona e t{epno lrope ca]o6u1o nsero, crropaAilqHr.r. Brvrecro o5o6u4ena xapar<repucrnKa Ha][oBeAerilieTo x4)' rqe npe.[,aAeN{ HenocpeACTBeHu pa3r{a31r r{a Hail.wfxap nyHr'{cTr.r.

floxagare,reH e enr4so.Arbr, pa3utpa,T ce B Hece6t,p npe3 .nflToroHa 1973 r. XapnStHi,lgrr,r A-p Elru,r KocroB BJrr43a c ueasnpaneenHeBx'rarrrqeH xapnyH ,,CreH" iro npore]KeHue Ha praQa npe4 ocrpoB-uero Crecpasoc. Ha 4:rn6ounHa or oKo,'ro 6 u peiirana Aa ClreHu rroco-KaTa H ce Bpbu{a Kibx,r eAr{a cKtu'ra, xpaii xoaro Beqe e n.lyna,u. EAea,cera IIa cahtoTo nbFio, FiO B cflIlKaTa Ha IO,'iflNIa cKar'tHa xosupNa roitBu)KAa orporvrua, FrenoAni.{xina !r Herro3Frara pu6a. lIpl6nuxana*rlr6eg nc:iNaxea Eib3l'rox{Hocr Ba np?ixpriBaHe, I(ocron sadenqsea BropapH6a e HerIoAEr{xiHc crrcrofil{{ie, gacrana,'Ia Fra ,,eKpaFIa" Ha r.r,pBara,.Hfl KbAe x4ex{Ay Kopeh,{a ff onatuKara. llpu6.rHsare,'r}roTo crroruorueHr{eB ro,'rer\{rrHara e 6r{Jlo oKo,lo 4: tr . Onfirea ce Aa AaAe r.rscTpeJr no eApaTapa6a nconn cr yncp, npr.{ Kcero r.r ABere 3arra3Bar 6eepasnauxero cll"LIaN c,neg ilacelrl{ara Ha xap[yHa u noc,'IeAtsaJloTo MeraJrno r43il{par(tsa-.He.I{BcTe pu6u nnanHo ncefi4ar Hani]erl. HecnonyunHBu ca 14 c,'relBau{i{Te.ycH,THff Aa ce np0il3BeAe tiscrpen. crpenara HS,'IIira eABa c,TeA rl0-pffAtqHoro orAaJ{eqanar{e Ha Asofixara. Koraro orrlBa Aa I npu6epe

139

{nuluuocrra e 6una c.na6a), Ha Heg rr3HeHaABaIqo ce oKaBBa HaHlr3arraMad'rKara pu6a. Ha 6pera Noucrarr.rpaxMe, qe e yAapeH Mr4HoKorr.BesHara orMepll 1,5 xr, Koero r,aBame yxa3auue, qe rorT.rrMara e 6una7-8 xr. Beuepra [ocJIeABa LI Tpera KoHcrarauufl - BKycr,T Ha MrrHo-Nona 6e [peB63xoAen.

fisno f sr<oe: ,,,Iloeynax tox<Ho or Cosono,r npe4 rpuopgure. BN4Rx'or rroB:bpxHocrra, xax pu6ara 6es4eilcrnyna, 3acraHaJra yclopeAnoHa orBecHa cKa,Ta, Ha oxorrro I u or ueg. llounc,tux, qe e,IIaBpaK.luypHax BHux{are,{rro, Ho 5qx ,'r[[reH or 3aKpnrlre. {eprnara n:nodqer{e noMp:bAr'ra v az q rtpocrpersx cnoxoftso. He Moxax 4a r4eHrnipu-qr.rpaM r.rHAHBI4Aa r{ rlaK Ha cJre!,Barqus 71eH n Co$lln ce pae6pa, ue'ToBa e l,ruHoKorr. Texeure 2 Nr."

Xpi.rcro f Huen: ,,Cpeqara sn 6e n pailona Ha Hoc Eulane. 3a6e-.JIq3axN,re ce 83ar{x,{}Io oTA,a,'Ieq u pu6ara KptIBHa xtu 6pera, snuzaitKwB eAr.rfi i{opr4llop. Cropu tt'rtl ce, qe e .[aBpaK H ToBa \{e rrpuHynrl Aanorbpcfl no-c,qo)KHo, Ho rlo-Ar,rcr(perHo Ao6nrlxasaHe orcrpaHl{.Koraro nar?-cerse ce npriMbfi FIax, BrrAflx, ue pn6ara ce e cryrufiJra [{e)K-Ay ge,'IeHLI Ha IrBffT BoAopac,rH. Tg sano,{Ha Aa ce ,,cHIIIraBa", cffKailrAo,'raBfirxe Hal,repeHl{ffTa nrI,I. Moxax Aa q yqe,'rs H qaK ToraBa Ilpovl{tx,ue pu6ara e MI{HoKotr. He 6erire floBer{e or 1 xr. "

Il ananyd"ont

,,Co,tieu [a,'raMy,q r{ }Ker'rfl3Ha Bpara otBapfl" - nepu$pa3LIpaT IIIero-6rzfiqure HapoAHara [oroBopKa. Bxpuo e ca\{o, qe noABoAHure pN6o-.Jrotsqn no cbBceM pas6npaeuu npLIqI4HI{ psAl{o 3acllqar nbrl{tqara My.

'@ur. 58

lla'rauy.4m N{Hrpr{pa ,(ocra HaBbrpe H aKo He ce oTxpaHBa, ce ABI,I}KIzc Bi{coKa cropocr. Cncuara My HAea,'rHara aHTr.rryp6y,reHrua Soprrra.VAoeoncrnue e Aa ce sa6,'trcAaBar ollarrlHoro My crl6,ro 14 nepKa,cnadresH cbc crpaHHqHII KI4,'roBe (cpur. 58). Tostl xtltquuN e aa6e,'Iexa-TereH c 6rpsoro cH llapacrBane. MnaAure BLIAoEe ca II3BecrHI4 xaro

140

|1il'iltrr(il, Ho no3l{aBaqvTe He ca TBbpAe JIacKaBr.{ Kr,M BKycotsI{Tenr\r riirrrecrBa. Ha4xer'p,rrz ,/Iz nor'IoBHFI KIzJIorpalr, pu6ara Beqe e(''r,u[nucr{r{ na,qaMyA. Crapnre eK3eMn,Ilflpr{ ca no3Harr.r KaTo ropyr{r4-li r''r,trllrocr roBa ca rpItroAHIxI{rr na/'IaMyAr4, qilero rer,'Ioce ABH>r<ururt';r(,rly 2,5 u 3,5 Kr, a A:b,rr)KuHaTa Mo>xe Aa I{arxxnbpJlr.r 70 cu.

tltrrr' 51f. 'l'opyx or aKBaropHqratlt Il;rtrvopcr<<r

('rrrJr;rtr'rt'c:c na ro3r.r Br.{A, 3auloTo HLi ce crpyBa, ue 6u lror,no 4a cetr()oil(l)il't oilH'r'flTC 3a noABoAeH,rroB B oTKpuTo Mope c,{oAKa. Kaxro eil ttu'('ilt(l, ilit(.('ctr cTaAaTa. ca :a6e,ruxuntu, ttii KaTo ce A.6px(aT B llct-nr,l)\r{)(''r'lntrr t',rroji u noHnKora ua6poanar 10-l 5 xil"rrflAr.j naprlera",,r lor'r'r;r ofilr,lt' Ito ca npztBeItI] eKcnepHMeI{TH 3a ct{oK B craAo.

l\o,rrrio't'o /()'r'l)i.t/tfu(r4oHI{HTe 3oHH, rroflBaTa Ha Ira,'ta\,ryA u oco6euoilil r();t\rri lr(' c T'oJII{oBa to"rtflMo I43K,rIrcqeHZe" B ltaqa,to.I.o Ha x{. cett-'r (,Nr nllu I1)7 1 r.. c/'lrrrr ropyx uaA 3 Nr 6e y4aperr or Mero4rr Tylapenil)/r(il{) 1)r'ill)lrcf iltrr4ilIero tra l(ureu. Xapnynuc,r.r,r'6eure norraAHaJI Ha1r t(), r\ililtilUiltr[o ilo/[aJ[err or 6pera Ha cpellHa 4r,,r6ounua. flroro ce

l4l

J,Br.rN<eJro c yh,{epeHo re['IIIo. c'rlel ],{apa, Ha}IeceH c nerosr'6eq B qeH-

Tpa,[HaTa .lacr ila Trr,.']oTo, Top-vK.bT He 5e L.Kasan HIIKaKBa C6IIpOTI'{Ba.' lllancr,r A2 ,,B3etie', topyi

"wag 2 Kr lil\,Iat'e n flertp AnoCronon s

"p* ", ^r. rcHn'i976.. no ]rpene lia TpeHfipoB:briHil 3aHIILaHi4E Kpaft

Bapua n pafi;ua I{a xI.}Ka ,,r{epHor'topeu"' Cpeqna'THa qerl4p14 nibru

"ru:'u "t 2b-3-r uJal:Ia lia ,lt,r6oui'lwa 7 -E ns' C'ra,qa1a ce '['tsit]KeJrl4

c

E:rcOKa cKopocr Ha GKoJIo 2 l't or AbHoro. C'lpe'rn'l^cno"{5rri;guo nO"

"ropuru "p"u1u. Flqrio;rro AHu rl'J-K'bcHC 51ro ol 5-6 ropyKa MI'IHaflo

ileo'6u,laiiHo 6ns:o go 6pera. Tostl nr'r rorlHllfr yAap Ce oKa3a"I Ha-

xa,tocT, rr,ii raro KorrTpaTa FIe ce cTBDpylila v TollyK:bT ce I43h{:bKI"IaJI.

Anropr,r e l'tN{a,'I i{eKo,'IKSKparlltl cpeu1il c rcilyuu Bce IIa eAHo H

cbrr{r; r'51q'r'" - ila oi{o,.[o 3]J il ieaep'll,3Tor{l{o or lroca na flpHn'lopcxo'

Ilptcrpe"lnu r..,rillK npea i97'l r. e1'elKa'.il 2,8iiC r<r' llpour'lsaua c raI'I-

TflricKaTa crp(:.[a R I'oprs2'1n llacr Ha rfli]3To' pnSara He e c'L'3AaJIa

rrfiKariBl4 rn,;e:6rrus. Ilpn Iioper'leH yAap Ha c'leABal&ara ro'4IIHa

Toil!K.rr,r.3anoqila.rr Cfl,rlHLI ABrl:{{ellilfi B Kp:bl. E leal'i CpeUII4 My e npa-

8I,1,,I(] BlleqaT.qei]',Ie. iie TcpyqI,ITC Ill'IVB&T CBeT}(aBI,ItIHo' KclaTo ca B

Asoiixa. tr1 oiiparncrc - 6aeqo rr cax,royBepello, i(oraro ca B CraAo"

pasnc,rrarat?iill ce EbB tseprl{Ka,1i{a n"IocKocr Karo creHa' IlpeKocgBa-

HaTa o.f ropyqrire 30Ha e 614,'ra c Aib'r6oqilHa 9-10 h{, Ho pascTt{,'IaHero

I{},I - B rparifi(I]Te NIe]KAy TpeT[fl u IUecTI4g ]\'IeTbp'

Cerisaqncnen yJloB or'6 iopyi<a rocrl'Ilna Xp' fnuee [pe3 oK-

ror,rBprI 1979 r. lra rypHI4pa ,,Ko,r'lyHa".

, [-lo dse AytLu ea ocinaHar'tume pu6u

fl6Aso.qHuqr puso,roeeq peAoBHo Ilx'Ia cpelry c Apyru npeAcraBilreJll{

ria qepHoMopcKara pr.r6na*ayna, KorrTo 3a c:b)Ka'.:leFllIe He Ca e o6cera

Ha c[opTHi.{r" nny ,n""pecr. Tosa ca Hlrr\ TTJIOCI{OAr,HH14 pr15w, A1r\BflBA'

HU 3a HeBaJII4AHtl B Cl,CTe3areJIHI{Te uape,q5u, unn npeSuu B?I',{OBe'

q6eTo [pocJleAffBaHe e rp-V.{oe\IKC I,I d,II4l]}eHo oT cI,IJ.lI]i,I eir,toqraz. HorloH.flKora, KaKTO Ka3Bar [:bl]3o-vqETe"II4Te' Karo Hgh',Ia pI{6a, H paKbT

e pi{6a.-' H*fi-"nrepeceH r{peAcraBr4Te,r Ha rrJocKoAbHHIrre odurare,'Ia 6e3-

ctropHo e rca,utaLaffL llpUeUarte to 3a I{a[BeFI 05eKT, rIoHe]Ke I]peMHofo

pa3i]I,{Ta Ha MI-{MfiKpI4fr"la v. [oqTH llbJlHo].fJ cI.I 3apaB'IHeBII'IcbKa.Ho xorato Ha6r.rroro oKo Ha Xapilyrlt4cra AoJICBII KoHryplire My' roraBa

I{eeHyx}]o$opllAacecTpeJIfi-KajlKaH:bTIlpoCTOce}Iai\4yIUKBac:bccsoSo4uo HoceHa no-Ae6ena crpe,'ra. HerOnara eSeKrl4BHa caMo3ailU'ITa

ce3aK,rlrcqaEaBHeiIIo,KoeTocaMI4gTKa,'IKaHAa}KeHHenoI.o3Epa.Toii npil6nuxaea 6peroBere ca\lo B iiepuoAa or Ael(eh'{Bp14 Ao anpI4'r'

KOtaTO BoAaTa y Hac e TB:bpLe cTyAeHa. Ero gaulo ,'loBTlT [{y e AoCTb[eH

142

Sa Mailqrrga C1OpTI{CTLi, 4o6pe eKH[I,lpaHIi I{ BOAenU UeJIOTOAIIIIIHa

noAroToBKa.' A"pu^u"oHHa nposBa e ,'IoBbr Ha -M,opcaama KomKa. HefiHoro noee-

"&,er{r4e e r{eypaBHoBeceHo - Ty ,ileTaplaqua, Ty flIo6o[uTHa' Ty IIJIaUUIH-

"u, "o, o6ufb esero, npocrpeJlBaHero ir ue e Nofi 3Hae KaKibB npo6,nenl.

Bt,nneHllgra ce nopalKAar oT h3Tet,\fiHeTo Ha n,/LgqKaTa K:bM 6pera.

flpocrpaHcrnoro HaA, neriuara oilamKa rllnrr cTaBa e[I4qeqrT,p Ha

oflaceHr4fl, 3acI4JIBaH14 OT TB:bpAaTa c.I,IIpoTl{Ba 14 3JIOBeIIII]Te Oqu Ha

liorr{aTa. B xpan Ha Kpal{I]Iara MopcKaTa KCTKa ]]le cK'lIoqI'I Kp:bl oT

,TrofioilLlTHa U'6OflZnlr.a ny6,rnxa I.I. TO,TKOS. nO-rO"'IqMaTa r{aCT oT

r,4ecoro ir e or Tpero KaqecrBo, a o6paSorxara My - cJIoxHa iz [po-A.ibJI)KI4Te,{H a.

Mopcrcunm rcuK ce cpeqa qecro, Ho iio Haqaro no46upa raKona

.4bHO, C K.Jero ce c,'II{Ba Ao Hesa6ene}Kl'l1'locr. BeAtt'lx oTKpHT, Tgft

fO6flrea, HC KaT{:} r{e ,114 He NIO)KS Aa ,,BAL{lHe rta-pa" 3a [O-A:bJiT,l IlpgXOA,

li cidopo Ce ycraHotsflBa [Ia HflKoJIKo N4erpa. llpu rcnurx c,ryuall rofi6lrna ycneuuo npccrreA,flBal{ 14 AoroFIBaIl or xapnyHl{cra'

Oi 4pe6nure BI4AoBe noABoAHIiqr pri6ononeq ce H3Kytiratsa ,44

ri1!:Cr{e CTpe,'taTa B HflKCft [O-I,I3SBeI] Ha Tel"{O CaSpl,IA, _CMapIIA' Sap-

liHu ran, 6ap6ynn. Flo npa Bper,{eHHa Jrrrflca nao6a.laI?ugre MHIpI{-pau{}r pl46lr e nuqero Ha nanqemo roit erxtqa cBosra uafi-cnrypnal,*nnent"na',. llonqero He e rBT,pAe JIeKa I{e,[ He caMo sapaAI4 4pedHN1ecr4 pagl{epH. I{e-?aSHCntvtO Aa"IH Kt,x'{ HerO Ce IIOAXO}KAa OTBeCHO' HJIH

cTpaFII4rIHO, TO IIOTITL BI'IFIallI e B TeqeHi{e Ha olacHocTTa' !(oqTo f0ganJrarlBa. 14 ro.{HO KotaTo npT,CT'bT ce KaIIH Aa HaTHcHecnycbKa'

IronqeTo eHeptllqHo ,,Apr,[Ba" HanpeA. Muoro qecTo I{HCTI{HKT:6T My lOBOAH B noAr"{oJII{ I4 AylrKI4. Tau xapnynI{cTI',ITe C IIO-60raT [',Ie}K.AyHapo-

Ae[r o[r.]T r\.rorar aa "ce y6e4qr, 'Ie [pl'TJILIKaTa My c flpoqyraTa pl45a

Mepy or Apyrt{re Mopera He e caMo Br'FrtrtHa. floAeoAHi{flr ptl60,r08 Ha

nonrleTa e Ko,'IKoTo yB,lexaTeJlet{, To,rIKoBa Il [O,'Ie3eH 3a CnOpTIicTa'

r:bfi raro IxrL{OoBa neo6xoAran'rir cp:bqHocrll. Heqo rloBeqe -

ts KpagHa TaK:bB pa6c,ron xapnyHrzcTbT qyBcrByBa_rr3qepllBaHe Ha cIl,'II{Te

KaTO CJIe.4 yqacTl4e B ocnopBaHo C:bgTe3aHlre. Tesn, KSLITO 3a npbB IIT,T

Tp:brBaT 3a norr{era, 5u rpn6eano 4a o6tpnaT BHI{MaHI'le Ha opibMl4eTo

cu. llonrleTo o6r4TaBa cKa,'Ir4crr.r repeHI,t I{ ToBa Lt3KflroqBa rlpI{JIaraHeroHa IIHeBIIaTI{qeH xapnyH - Ma,'IKaTa NIy Te,'IecHa Maca He e B c:bcTotll{}Ie

Aa or{eKorll Tex{KLIfi y,4ap. Ho AopLr u eAI{a TbHKa rawTxp31a'a cTpeJIa'

I43XBr,pd'IflHa OT ,'IacTI4qetI Xap;1yH, x{O}Ke Aa 6:nAe noXa6eHa oT qeCTaTa

crpe,'raa. llo rasH npr4qr4Ha o11HTHLITe p1160,'10811I.{ 11pl4clroco6flBaT

cilequa,'reH xap11yH cbc c,rIeAHuTe KaI{ecTBa: no-K:bco TflJIO' nO-CJIa6I4

,'racrur{n i1 no-rT,HKa crpela (or 3 Ao 5 nrv) . 3a oS.riexqaBaHe Ha MaHI4n}r-

,{aquLITe K,'Iacl4rrecKaTa lioHTpa Ha cTpeJIaTa ce AeN,lol{THpa 14 HA CaMHfi

Epbx ce o$oplrlr \{a"IKH 3aKollTpflIIIIi 3ib6rlera.

143

B saurero Mope ca or6e'rqeaufi cfioryqruBu noIIaAeHIlfl s o6llra-"

TeiII4, KoI{To He ce cpeilrar BceKI'I Aeu' Ero HfKoI{ or cJIyqaI4Te:

3uuopxa e npocipe,rBaHa ]lHoroxparHo e uepuo rtope' E'lntt o'r

*r#""ii"r"-Ol'Aoii* Anocro,ros. _Heroeara 3MHopKa 6e yn1'1c'113

ilr* "t. a railt4la H relKeue 1,5 Nr' 3ltaopNa 6e ?tgsaAeHa 14 rlo BpeMe

;;'t;;;;""o. rouu-';;"p';; npea 1978 r' HeroBllsr 6par rlerrp

Anocroroe.Mopyna yclfl Aa Hal\{epu cp.e{lY c' Jloseuert ller:l-p lleuuen lpes

.t. ;;;;;; rc12 r. Ar'rix'ua 1,2[i u' rerno 12 xr' XaparrepHo e'

qe c:o6tlrraero ce pa3llrpatsa B 7 u' cyrpuHra'Ecempa " "".,ro

7"Nr 6e Y{!lena ilpe3 \'1' cenre\'lBpI'1- 1977 r"

or tlpeucxutl c'bcre3aren -f<nol'

X"nu nplt tpen-'lpoBKa IoIKI{o or Co-

"""1i. lloqrr 2 ro4tluu no-K1']cllo npe4*tr(yivr Klu''ra ce npoflBt{Ba

H nr.rcarerflr-"up,,y"".t ToAop Benqee' B Npan ii I :.:ii..I979 r'

rofi ce ABHxI{ FIaA nJIltrKo rgcr}r{Ho 4t'uo' no'ttycrlffll or 6yfiHnx q:b$-

TexHaBoAopacJIIITe.tr'lsne4H:sxBiIxAaAacenpui],,'Ib3BaKop[ycFIa..ax, KaKBa ru no4r<a! Be"ltlee ,oc:b3HaBa c rqrocr' rlei\'iI4HaBaolpoMHa

i'iior, o".""ftnu ,u -of"a""'

H?*:111' qe pasxoAKata e 6'"ra "ce-\tefiHa", 1{oM ceKyHLa no-rt,cno Helly ce oi,laea Aa xaplyHl{pa 3-

Kr4JIOlpat{oBa eceTpa' ABI{}KeUIa ce B ct'ulaTa IlocoKa'

Mopcrca /xncmoeul4a AByKparHo e Il3Ban{Aa}ta or Anocron ll6es:

np"= t6OO r. cpeqy.. S"ni crerJlo I Nr; u e 1974 r'ceBepHo or Br'JIHo-

r-Ioxl& H3 rIpI4craHI4Iqe Muuypr{n c rer'To oKo./lo 0'700 xr''--

Arcyna t A,s;txulna 1,4d ru l'I Ter'to 7'400 xr - [pe3 n'l' aBlycr

1976 r. e ArruN{ail';; Ail;;tp M'"uu' b xtcnara eceH Ha 1978 r'cenoflBI.IXa"4ocTaaK}a:tHHaAOCTlbnna4:r"tSouIrHA14geir',la'lxo6gxaxapnyHilpaHtl, oco6euo n pafioHa Ha BaDHa'

Enna pu6a c rer,rlo 6 Nr - npo""tnnu orXpucroHuxonon npea

M. IoJII{ 1965 r'."u.pnl or 6}rsuaia 3acraBa n Hece6tp' l4asecrHu ca

14 Aocra ApyfI'I cJlyqall"IlJapau.uuro oe-yAapcH n rJepHo MoDe 3a eceo6uoyqyABaHe"

r""T' "!""p*fi r dio'i"fi;;"p,An,icro,ron- Npafi Nypopra-,Apyx6a".

i;;;'^--i,oso *.. rlonsara ira lraparia 6e o6scneHa c rpeKbcHara

glrrl4 Ha xpafi6pexnl{ e3epa c'1e,4 nepuoA Ha CI4JJHt'I A't')i{AoBHlr 6ypu'

fii;;r;;; "u 6rn^7-8 sa 6poy

'..HanbrlFio )KI4qH.HI'I' Ho ocBeH rsx

And"ronou sa6e,,rflsna ' toJlslt 6por.i 4pe6u14 IxapaHrleru'_,^^-*

Ilrcm"opea O. y",i""!"" -or-

U"Lo,liuil AneKcau.qpoe Npafi Bapua-

gpy." nndtupun 6a*u npocrpeu'Islrn Ha lor' ""l91li: i43jvrr'KHa"Il{ ce

or garpaxAeHlztrra sa iliNycraeno pa3Bl:'xAaHe Kpa[ L'o3onol'

opr<urtoc 1on.nn.-i"'."uii'e1at 6e nopa:eu ol Xapuc'lan KapaAxon

npe3 npoJlerra Ha 1978 r" Terno - 0'500 Nr' (Cnope4 HaIrIIlre I'I3-

;fiil;;";;.a g0t" roAllrrH y IIac 3anoqHa HenpaBHrIHoro Ha3oBaBaHe

tta' "y""uu xard ,,oPt<t'tuoc")'

144

Tyueq cpeqa e 1964 r. IoxHo or Kaeallnre l{3BecrHltflr xapnyHncT

Toloi ;Iacxoe. CgnucaH or roJreMr4Hara Ha pu6ara I4 IloAri'icHar orHeroAHocrra Ha cat'Iop'brtHo HalpaBeHI'Ifl AT,pBeH xapnyH' flacxon npo-

nycKa Aa AaAe uScrpe"I' Ha 3 lr c'ileA eK3eMrlJlflpa ce e ABIIx{I4JIa Ma"lKa

pri5a, N"xto oNon'renl'{fr xap[yH'cr npocrpe'lea',,-Nlanxara" pu6a

C" ona3*u 7-ru,rorpauoB ,rIaBpaK. Aro ctAuna 11o oIlI4caHI'{eTo Ha ruap-

*"*, i"a"p flacNbe LI3r,rIe;'t{Aa e I''iNIa,'l peAl{utl 9-ry'laft 4a ea4tl puoa

or Br]Aa l,,raJrr,K ryHerd (Eutliynnus alleieratus alleteratus). 3a cpeula

c ryHeu pa3Ka3Ba n Beuxo Pynren. flpeqerunaHo relJlo - i50 xr""Crcapiud, reN{alq 0,600 xr, orl{pl'l'a, XpHcro flHqes B roAivlo'/l

xpafi necrl.rocrra vpaNnn rrpe3 x,r. ro.lr.r i978 r. flHqee ocraBac BIIe-

qaTd{eHrleTo, qe e IIpocrpeJIflJI CpeALI3eN,lHOMopCKI'I np[ilIT,JIeIIOrBI4Aa

Scorpae'a scrofa, i r<oftro e o,i."rrr4rr'o 3ano3HaT. Cropnzltr e no-qepBeHf,fl N{r.{Hyra cne4 npo6o)KAariero rvry or crpe,lara. tIepHoMopcKR

cKopnnA KbM IIod'IoBt'IH KI'l,IIolpaM e xapnyllupaH u or fluruHmp t{op'

Saaxrzee Ha nrtcbqeH TepeH c pa3np'bcHaTrl KaN{T,HI{ Xpafi C. Qepuol,to-

oetl.' Jla,ptda usBa!:n no BpeMe rra X peny6,'rilKaHcKo nt,pneHcrno fle-rrp Anocro.[oe. Ternoro ir 6e 0,400 xr. B ctulsocr craBa AyMa 3a

BHA Cpejirl3eMrrorvropgKa JIaIII4Ha c eKsoTI{qHa oKpaCKa. 3Haqt Ce ltApyrn cJyqau, Ho re BI4Haru ca 6z,rn B paHHa npoJler'

Crcmeaauun no nc)eadeu Pu6oltoe

Ha rgx e flpr4cbilIo Freqo, KoeTo Hr4To BpeMeTo, HnTo HaxoAquBccTTa

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nu geesa" opraHusaquoHHaTa cTpyxlyp2 e o6qonp[era He3aBlrcr4i\ro

IaJIr{ ilpoflBaTa e oT r'IoKa,'leH, HaulloHaJIeH I'L'Iu \'Ie}KAyHapoAeH Xa-

paKrep.Ilpaeunuuxr,T Ha CeeronHara

nocr (K&IAC) aana Llsqepnare,'IHLIc:bcresarilre rro cnopTeH pIl6o.noe.

l0 MarrlanHBrlgr cnoPr

xouQelepaqufl ro noAeoAna Aefi-peIIeHI{ff 3a nporl4qaHero }Ia eAHo

ToBa, Koero no46HPaue or Hero

145

Ba BHlt\'raHI4eTO Ha rIIlTaTe,'Ifl, llle IIpUIIOI\IHU TeMH' BT'pXy KOI'ITO I4]\{aXMe

c,'Iyqail Aa 6eceABaMe'V.racrH}lKrr e 3aA:bJI]KeH La ocBl4AereJlcrByBa cBoflTa ncl4xo-

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nri"* nup"16^' uu orAe"lHl'lre cr'Te3aHl'Itl o6t'rNHoeeHo [peBpblqar

ilpefiop:bKaru u =uAl-'ix""tt"' orcrpannnar ce Br'Sl\'{oxHocrl{re 3a

B3ar{r\'rHrl nperlKll.\{ex{Ay c:bilepHHllllTe' KaTO ce AOIIycKa oKa3BaHe Ha

n0Ntolq npll KpaHHa 'f,1*au'

3a6paunea- ce yuorpe6ara Ha,o,p:b)Klrfl'

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rn. Crcregarer.rrrT \'{o}Ke Aa uc'lusa HeorpaHlqelo Bp-eYe B-cBot{ [IOA-

curypflBarq cb.n, Ho iie 14 lla Ll:;tvsa na6pera' Aon":lu^-lljfi{Ira 3a

Te)Kecrra Ha eAHa npo"tp"n"n a pu6a e 0'30C Kr' ar'Ia no cr'oOpaxeulrn

Ba ona3Bal{e ,ro ""o"i!ti;fi;;A;;" qecro n "roB4lrrar"

ao 0'5c0 unn

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t";r;; ;"-;;;;.-Ttrture e ocHosa'I'Iero Aa ce roBopln 3a IIoatsoAeE

Jrupu*n. orqltraHero Ha pe3yJlrarure craBa uo xou6uHllpaHa cl{creMa'

;;66p;""ruqa 6pcn u ierloro Ha eKsex'IIIJIflpI,Ire' Bceru rpaM or

BartrrAHllfl V,rIoB HUcl4 e.[Ha ror{Ka ' a BCgNa sb'iere*ia pra6a npu6arr

ffi;ffi;';t'5lo tou^" (upeuurra Bapxpa cnopeA ycraHoBel{ar^ 3a

orAe,rllo cbcre3allue AoJIFia'rpaHI'Iua Ha e#u'qHocr)' Ajro rq e 0'500 Nr'

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;;-ru, rfi lile osd tooo rorrKl'r)' Har'reAno Hspa3eHo' Koraro eAHH

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Togn nnqeu pe3YJ'Irar ule onpeAeJIH Mtlcroro n'ry e xpafiuoro noApe>K-

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BI{}KAaorSoprio*nu."p'""iloABHI'IMaHueceB3ei\'Iac6oplrorrI4rlHI'ITenocrrlKeltilR "u

yur.in.'urra u "n"n'' Cnope'A xapaKrepa Ha TypH14pa

or6opurececbcTaBgToTABa\{a'TpI.IMa(Hafi.uecro!)unnqeTI,IpI,IMacnoprucTH.

TpyaHo e r,a ce Brllrilre pox{AeHara Aara Ha cbcre3areJlHl4tl )KIlBor

no .riJfr"" p"b"nou. llporneopeuvtrra ca or pa3,rLIqHo ecrecrBo I'I Bce

rraKnpe|IfrcrBl{STanoIIlbTtlKT',N',lAOCToBep}tocTTau'u'BaTOTJILIilcaTaHa per,Tat\'tenr"prn, @e4epanua n'eftuocr B cpeAara Ha Hacroslul{ti BeK'

l4ra.ntraHutlt" "uni"in-$-'-vcrpcfi

aar ntpuoi" cI{ ct'cre3aHue H'a 7 ae-

rycr 194g r. rr ro ce BoAr{ e auani{re uu raro,,npeABapHTe'rleH ''IaN{''Ho-Har Ha tr4ratwn"' flonyocpaunar'InlI eBponeiicNll rlr'pBeHcrBa ce ycra-

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146

frpeAu yqpeAsBaHero Ha KM,AC. Cera e HeocnopnMo, rle iloABoAHI'IflTpuSonon 5e npexrara (rH4alrxa, or Kolro uz6ynxa K,'IoHLITe Ha ocraHa-,rHTe cnoproBe 14 noA,BoAi{r4 aKr}tBFIocrrI B orpoMnoro ArbpBo ua KMAC.

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;:<Dur.60. ;I.unao lposcr c,1eA c'bcre3asr{er A;lpuarrauecxo l'rope

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t47

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ce Hal,repu cHlYIa' Kcsro Aa yeLHaKBr 3a AaAeH N{o\{eHT Qnopara n

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crByBar ryx H Tal'l B '"poAHIzHCKt'I

Bo'114"' I4seecrno paBHonpaBlle HNlar

nolrexry "" nn"p'ffi^iitii'"ii* b-paHu'n' \4rinus H }Orocnae'n'

Fla ncgo6Ha np""rn*i"n 5t'.'rrapcxure cnoprl4crn nfl*1 11.:: Har:bK-

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peny6nuxau""*"* 'oiufr-ot6op"t nr'pBeHcrBa 3afloqBa or 1969 r-

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Ha rloc,!e,r.o"rr., "'#"#;itil;;;fi 11nonu Krues' Musqo I{v Hron

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p ll a JI Ho-Tex" "ua"^u"o

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Teptiyi\,l'- BaJIuAeH 3a l{yna "HPE"'

148

csilIecrseH npr{Hoc 3a crroprHo vaiicropcreo AaBa MelKAlrHapoA-

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153

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