opo6a po yAi aioaiHoo ii:

pei oye oapi pa

1 943- 1 959

io A

o6o cepi, molvt 3

National Aademy of Sines of Ukraine

. S. Hrushvs'kyi Institute of UkainianArhohraphy

and Sour Studies66litopys UPA'' Publishing Hous

Stat Cmmitt for Arhivs of Ukain

Cntal Stat Ahiv of Publi assoiatins of Ukraine

Litopys UPANw Sris, Volum 3

Th Struggl against th UPAand th Nationalist Undrground:

instrutional Douments of th Cntal Committof th Communist Party of Ukrain

1943-r9s9

Kyiv 2001 Toronto

Haioaa Aaei ay par

iy ypaTo pxeopaii a A)ePoHaai. M. C. pyeoo HAH pai

, BaBHBo ..io A''.Qepa oi apxii pai

L{epa epa apxi poax o6'a pa

io AHo6o epi, moII 3

opo6a po yAi aioaiHoo ii

peBHi oyMeH oapiT pa

1 943- 1 9s9

i 2001 Topoo

i i6pai yaovi oyH i aepia Qpaoo Koiey oyi.,loiapiT (6ioi) pai po opaiai 6opo6 ypajHKM aioao-oH yxo Ha epeax axix o6aqe pai oo 1943-1959 pp. oyeH ypoii o x aepia aapay K (6) i ooi oi epioypoopaHH i poee 6pooi a ieooio poi ypai aioaiopaiai oiv epio pey6i, ao6 i eo' a oooox 6opo6a iaa.

fl iopi, apxiii, aai yi, yi a poKoo aay al,

Th book ontains onstitutiv dournnts and matria]s of th ntral onimittof th Communist Part (bolshviks) Ukain with gards to oganizing th tight againstth Ukainian national-liberatio struggle in Wstern Ukaine during priod 1943-i959.Doumnts and attendant matrrials from th apparat of th P(b)U thow light onimportant events of th unfolding militar and idologial ountmasurs undertakrnby the Communist ladrship of th rpubli against th nationalist Organizations and thmans and mthods whih wr usd in this struggle.

For historians, arhivists. Univrsitv ltus' studrnts and a wid audin.

Paia paa:. OXAH (iooa), . 0iH (iooa), . oPK,. AEB, B. oK, P. |1Pi|,0. EHHiOB,

M. PiK, . A0BA

ditorial board:P. soKAN'(o-hairman), P. POTII{NYJ (o-hairman)' tl. BORIAK'

Ia. DASHKVYC' v. LOZYTS,KYI, R. PYRIH' o. PSHNNIKOM. RIPKYJ. Iu. SHAPOVAL

opH,.o. BoBK' l. ABEH0, . PHo

Compilrs:o. Vov' I. PAVLNKO, Yu HRCHNKO

Peaop o. Boexi peaop M. pia

Oope o)Ha . Cepeaopia- . oy, i. Cpoo

dttor ' VovkThnial edito . Prytkin

Dsign H. Sr|lievLay-out dsinr L. Kosun, I' Strkovs,k

ISBN 996.02.0475.2 ( pai)ISBN 0-920092.53.5 ( i)

..io A,' 200,1Litopys UPA, 2001

oo

yaopo oo oy .,ioy A

. . ao Xapa,

Mxa a aep oy .Hapo 26,02'191 p. . , oi epei.

oep 5.09.1999 p. M. Topoo, aaa.

This volume of "Litopys UPA"is founded by the |ate Paw|o Charydzak,son of Mkhai|o and Katerya nee K|ysz.Born 26.02.1913 in UIuh, povit Bereziv.

Did 5.09.1999 in Toronto, Canada.

l(AHyA}'lt

A j Dt

i

BiHA i BiHt

3-oi x apxioxoB' B paTi e 6epe oe iaepia, o Toy 0H i A (apa, flepa apxi6 6ee pai, l-{epa pa apxi x opai i ypai, o6ai epai apxi), |-{epa epa apxipoa o6'a pa (oi api apxi iy iopiapi p l-{K Koapi pai) aa oo6e ie, oi aMapii opaH ypoo) HaHoo ay Bya ..epio i po-yo,' o y poei pyeHH ypaioo aioao--oHoo pxy. Cae i oye i pieo 6yo HapyyBa ypeoy oi oo epii .,ioy A''. Haaepe o4yt o BoHi po i ie apio-epax i pepeHo-apaHx opa-i y 6opo6i po ypaoo oaoo pyxy' popBa }4eofqi 6opo6' a Tao) i iopai po poax oo pyy Taea oo poBy. poooio oM oxo pio i ia 1943 poo 1959 poy'

(e 6y a a iopii pa. pe paai oi,o'ai i aie i Hao Hieo' BoHa N4yeHa6ya T y ooHe pooH BoX 6oi, HaBaHe ..XooHo

io', (poi oyioy ioi oiio aaB y pooiB aepaHoy ii yoi 5 epe 1946 p. . pi). epl1945 p. PCP aa eHoN4 00H. !e i6yo a Haoa i ioo6TM oHTpoe Caia, a ia aoo oay o o6iepHo el{ipa i o6oi.

oi He e 6y o6xii oo oOH' ipy paiyHa oaTi apei, ooBba epaHa Baa tvl aMM popaxo-yBaa Ha e' o e xo o o' i po6e, i oa aay 3axii pai, o epeBopab Ha o eHTp ooHHoo po-y oiHoy peoi. |-{e po ao 6y oa poeo-pyBa iapoi ioi He ..oepaHH'' TaBeHH o

..aoi-

H', paHH ypai. Hai o6a i opaa ypaaoa| Maa oHy HeaepeHy peBay: a Bl ay BoHa HaayBaa'

o Ha api iTy e paia, a opeMe eo oOH (pao CPCPi iopyo PCP), xo i aepeeHM, oo pMa Haa ypay opeii.

oa o-paB)HoMy po opeii ioi oi aayaae 6poa 6opo6a oH i A po oioo peMy' aao) pooaa i 1944 p. ii paioi oooiBooi Pa (BP). aa oao 6y:

...l. 06',ea oopya i ix aoiHo-BoHx ypaoo Hapoy a ix eMx pai a oa I11|v1|4 p|aioao-oo 6opo6 po ix opoi ypaHoo. Hapoy,opeMa po MooBo-ooL]JBoo I HlMeo-|epIBKooiepiaii, a opeH paio Caoioi Co6opoi flepa,

2. Baya ieo-popaoi api BBoHoi 6opo6ypaoo Hapo.

3. Kepya i aioaF|o-Boo 6opo6o paooapoy il o o6y ep)aHo i ope opai eaeoepao Ba Ha paii.

4. Pepeeya' BepxoH eyp ep' yaHyoivy 6opo6y ypaoo apoy B pa i a opoo.

5.oa o ) ep ypa epa yp aa epe BeHapoHe peaHo',1.

.Q oix ei aiepioi oii xi pa aoaHy apey e 6y eoiao, oi e 6yo o6yooi a po6o o oepei 4-.1.l oo 1945 p., i 6paya iep CA, Beo6pai a CPCP i a piyBaa aHHaie poi iooi i a oBoHHoo ay. e oe piii opei e i pBpHyo yay iy o pai, a Myao oepiy

Bae, po iopi i ..i i i,, i oy oi..io A',' Bi o6yoa Ha oMeHTax o L]K oapi

pai l-]epaHoMy p)ao apxii poax o6,apa, o i epe6i i pii ae 6opo6 po aoiA a ii 0H axix (i e e axix) o6ax pai 40_50 po N4Hyoo oi. M pyo e aHy oo' o ry oy ioy apxioxoi. oy Mo)Bo apo o6iya He oH,a ia 6ipi oi o i ei. pei o ooi pi

..ioy

A', i 6 ao a p i x 6ipi. .0,o oo iepeBa)Ho pei oyeH K (6)' o6o pie pix'i i eyi I-{, oao oi6po, Cepeapiay i op6po t-{KKoapii pai, a ao) oioi a ii aepia.

ei apioi ipapxi aai opaH oia pe a-lB ii iipaa BBoB po. oi6po 6o TBopHo e y 1919 poi i6yo oae po,ya aai aBaHH oioo xapaepy, ai-H e aax ey l-{. Cpeapia i yrpe6iooo peMy pai y ioioi pie V oe-peii K(6) y oai.1920 poy. Cae oi 6yo apoaeHo oaepuJoo Ta pyoo epeapi (6)y. opao a Cpapiaoaa aBaHH oo o6opy i poao api, opaiaiepeip oHaHH ie opaHaM pie t-{. op6po B|1Ko 19,19 poi i o oo oei BXoa ooHa opaiaia po6oa, aiie _ apoi aHH' Haao)eHH oTMabH api aoi-HoH epaBHM' poiot\4, ol\loo a i opaia-i, oie ioi a iopaii. .o oo e opa oiyaBoKoHaHH pyyp apioi opaiai pai ioy.

.{o ay op6po K K(6) Bot' paBo, i epeapi(, epi pey6iaKX paHx, ooapx, po-io a ooo opaHi i opaiai. aa ei 0p6pooHoaHo BXoa i o ay oi6po K K(6).

eoepeo peaiai pie epix pyp aaii K K(6). Bo a BaH iopi BopeH' yioyai paopaii. Hapa, pyi 1945 poy 6yo BopHo it oaxix, iaii i 3aaai o6ax (ioiy oaHoy poe yBa BK(6) 4 py

,1945 poy). 0o aBaHHM ooii Taa oooa apopaiai y apio-oii po6oi ioHTpo a ii ioix apoai y aaHX o6ac2.

oy aoy 1945 poi paii ii api a poaa iaiaii i o BoX o6ax ypai: pai api i pa-

2 l-{epa epa api poax o6,a pai, ai _ .Ao, . 1,o. 6, p. 894, ap. 11l2.

11

iHH poaaH i aiaiT. flo pei, ae oi, y 1945 poi, y ai ep-oo i aaHx pai Top ii HK iHKB. '1947 poiopaiaio-ipyop ii 6yo epeopeo Ha pai oepeipi apix opai. 1948 i 1952,,1953 poax 6yo poeoepoi peopaiai aapay.

a 6opo6 i aioaiHtvl pyoM' i aai 'o oi 6yo aeeo Haa

..ypa 6ypya aioaio',,

i i pyp pi ea6y yBay, o aiy apoaiy oMy oi apxii oyeH i apia. .[ei Hx B}e pai y6i-yBa' ae ii oo BaHH noa, oM' o y Bepuje oa-T y elv]aoaHoy Bi pao Be aB oBx pe-BH oei l-{K oapi pai, i i6a pe6i 6opo6po ypaioo oaHoo pyxy i iio pei oH.

epeay 6ii y ol4y oi ao oyMH ..opoa'', o6o 16-o oy, oy N9

.| Koapii pai, a i, o

Hae(a o ix oi oy .l, e oHo, npao' a p

..TaHo''. Bioio o eiaoi ipyii' Be epe iooo paix i iiax K K(6)y iao opeo i aooiooa i ao 0o6oo eopa K(6). B ooypaii i iii 6y eia epep, oiyBaB epTHiooo, Teix paii iii oa o epeoopeoeHi e i eiaoo pie Cepeapiay K K(6)'Bi pip HapyoaHx epeTHx aepiai 6 a o6iy oo6-Boo eopy' a ypai a iia Haeao iya a opMIpH epe aep|al.

i yop 6 ipyii oo opyaHH i 6epiapHx oyei ,.opoi a''. Bo aac F, po6o.le HaaHaM ypaBi i aiy iia, a ic oo pa-BaL4c aiyoy epeHo aHo oo6oo opy K K(6)y.

Ceiaa ipyi peaeHyaa opo ioo i oop-eHH Mapiai o aia oi6po, 0p6po i Cpeapia. pa-i 6 o6o'ai e iie, i a p i o aia epeaao pooooT a oooo opy a i poe oaHo.Pao poeo oaoB (6)y i 6o oaa oiy, i ayao' xo Ho aHH Ha po' opo a yiaHH' yoHo po oaHo' ayBa)eHH | 3apeHHaiaex iai a6o opex oi6. .[oia iyaab Haa-HoM ypai a6o aiy iio. 06 ooo dyea eoBHeH 6y epya B opio. i aia oi6po, op-po a6o Cpeapiay K K(6) oao e oaHo, iapeTape K (6)y, peaaB o pooooi a oo6ooeopy oope i po BoHaB.

12

o oy, paHy poiya iopi aHH' pi ex Baax pao peTBH oyN4eHTa HapBa Taoi iooi apia, opea, ooii a' a iat xp|lac ioii oao . pao, aBopa ao6y yioHep iii K, a6o peTaBH opai i. B xaepiaax i 6aao ao iopaii po ooH yai,po oHpei iopi oii. Bo aHoBT iepe oiii ix, xo ia i po6eo e oy, o i6a exaip pie epi apio-p)aBHM pyypa.

poyio, i poo ai pi oo poi oH i yAnpac e Ki, a B MoBi, e BaHe Hao oii eHp-i apii i epai opaH. Pao T Mao opX iiia xo- i Hap K K(6)y' epi oo yBeb a paHy eloHTpyBao ..Bepi',, 6o 6y aiopeHM y ..M'oioi''. Hapa,15 oaa 1944 poy Ma pyo (i ooa (6) i i1938 poy, a i oo 1944 po oHoaHo aa oay oo Paiipi PCP) ia Carriy ca' B oy ipeBa' o i oa-BB epe apopaiai y 3axii paii, opaa HB i HK(y oy .|941 poy HKBfl 6yo ieo HK _ Hapoa epao6ee. B i 1941 poy x o6'a HKBfl, a y1943 poi opHK, y 1946 poi epeieHya a M _ Miiepo epao6ee. 1946 poy HBfl epeioao y Miiepo ypiix

.pa)aBaHH peTeHo pe|p aapaT' oooBo a TeXH|Hx pa|HlB ieoo HaeHH. p oy i apooya apoBaT oHHo-ooi yA p ypiix iax HKBfl: '' eo apa 6aia poa}4 x ioo-oox yi aHx o HeHH' Hepopia, a ia. Cy eo6xiHo poBo ipo i ayeieoo HaeeHH, Peya yi pei a ia',3.

!e oa pyoa pooi oaa B oy' o ..aoo

apoBaT p o6a ypaix HKB. axix o6a PCPeiai pi y i: peap o6oy apii, aaa o6aooypai HKB i o6aoo poypopa. ( pia HaaT paopoy pa ypaio-iex aioaii a poo aee- i aa pao aooByBa oo BHHX ay ipy oapa _popi ea oHaHHM poy,,4.

(iao, o iiiaBa He aa ip y oi. l-{ eo-py HaBe y oi HapoMa ypiix p CPCP apeiepi o |v1 Xpyoa i 2 py 1944 po. 3 o popeHHpoy pa oi, i aea o aioaiHoo ii, axii

3 o, . ,1, o. 23, p, 1060, ap. 13

4 Ta ao, ap. 14.

13

o6ai PCP pi ip i ii i Boo oeii Bepxo-^ ^^^^(oo Cy PP.. To6o pepei ai pv1la' ae oopBa.oH ii oi6, i e aponoya M. Xpyo.

i opoe eHpabHx Moox opai i6yaa ..oB-

ai,'axioypaTx eMe. o yi e 6yo yBep)eHH )epo6oao 6ioM pe(Mo 20_30-i po oi oiiy,HaHy yiiai ix ep )T a aHapaM oaiapooyia. i peya oiao-eooioi i yypoi oiMo o'ya i ai iex apopaiai eeopeaiya HaaHoB eHTpaH opai. Be oe 1943 poy yoopoao opaiaii py o6oi apii' flo yi HaaM-epe i, o o i paaB B x o6ax. ii 1944 poy io- po6o Bo, Pie, epoi i epr o6-ai oi K(6) pa' Hapii 40-x poi o api oaBya iei ei. 1947 poi eia pie [K BK(6)o apix a oBo pa oix ei Koyio apii3axio pai.

i opoe |-{K 8(6) y axix o6ax tlJBo poaaei apopaiai. Ha oay 1947 poy Tx 6yo 4 . i oo6,ya oa 60 . i api, a oay 1953 poy - 8 .i o x xo oa 85 . oi6o.

Xapapo, o oa aa ei apii ieoo aee 6yaHeHaHo. apo oeia HapoyBaB epea)Ho a paxyHopix eHpaHx i xix o6ae pa, ix oillixpey6i CPCP. Ta, Ha epeH 1946 poy o 3axioi pa p6o86 . 749 apix, paH' oMoox paii, eiaiipooBoi, ioo o{oapBa' e oi, oxopoH opo',yypHo-oiix aai/. Bo He e epeai 6ioi ea Mo' ai, pai, a e Haaa poyaT oie yo, He 6aa oBaa ie HaHH, e o a)t(o ix oiao-oil yTypHx, o6yox yoBax. Caae x e i iao e' o oiia poaaHa Haaa,,oiaio epe6yoo pa','

o aoii B i ..epe6yoB,,

ao HeHH a e.HapiM, aBep)eHM y Kpei, paoi po-aoo ep (y). pai 1945 poy i opoe opai 6ee 6yo opoao..iiiay

P',, a aiyaa a popB yi Po i paoaapepei aii po . B-10 6epe 1946 po i6y ot'pooa

" Ta ao, p. 926, ap. 92.6 iopi pai. i pe. B.A.Coi. - ., 1997.- . 332.7 o, . ,l, o. 23, p. 2654, p. 146.

14

HK i o6op _ 'i peai l.t, a oy 6yo yBaeHo(a ooBa 216 ai _ eHi i ]9 peaHi p)aya epeey yi 1596 poy, o'a ay epBy pyKo paoaBHo. y 1949 poi i oN4 a pie po p-e ioi yiao p pa Myaia apxio.

l-{ a i 6pya i poo OyH i yA. Caa xi 6a a oio-ieooi HHo. poi ieooA ..epo oaa'' (epo y) a o6oa oiy opyA: ..epe ypa Hapoo 1944 p., Mol{eHo oo oyaiipa 6ioa' ao aHH: a6o o6poiHo op oaoii epe e ia oy a oa i aoa ypaioo aoi-HKoo pyx' oxoBa o6poio ie Caoioi pa, a6o taa|41 i o oaoo ooia 6opo e6e, 6opo pay Caoi-oi pai, 6opo aioao.o pyx... pai apo6pa e py x, o6p 3a o6i pay oo' o xaao ao 6opo6, o e uJx, aae ep. i a Ha Tay epBy, e apax ypaii i A, i ii'''.

0 oy Baa y) 6aao ya pia poaaHTai, poBaHN1 Ha peai, poo i po HeHHpaioo aioao-oHoo pyy e epio. Haaepe oy-ia poaaa aa peai ypaoo Heae)-Hoo pyxy opyy

..pao-ii aioai ''. Cae eoH y ao yp|a y poaaHX oyMeHaX K(6)y' HapyoaHX y oMy oi. Caio, piei 0p6po i7 oo ,1945 poy HaoMo a y:''.'oo ioy o6oyK(6)y Ba 6ip aepiai ip ieo-ax aap6ii ypao-iex aioaii o ii o6ai',10.

Ta ixi aoyBaB oH 3 aaix opaiaopi aaio-aix aai, e oi6po K (6) .Qpo May. o pooi 6 i .|945 po epe y axix o6aei aaepl opeB oo iopx opoi pa: .,axat e-oi, aepi yopi, BaHBa oa l]JXa, aapi op aypei ap',, Hy, a.,ooaa y o opoy ii ai o-i i apoai, eaH Ma,,11.

8.oaie .: ia i. Pepeo-apaa eMa pa"ri. 1917-1953. Kaepa. - K.: 6i.Bio pai, 1994. - . 291-34.

9 oaa . oei aoio pai i oHoBHa eei oioo poKyyaHoo ci // oii ypaioo oHoo pyy. - Mx,,1948. - .51-52.

10 .0.Ao, .1, o. 9, p' 237, ap. 56.r] ayi fl. paio-iei aioai a y6i y aoi Hiev.

. - K.. 1945. - . 7.

15

oe, oei 6yo BopeHo. eep oa 6o ei yaX oo opoi. flo x epy py i Ba ,.pao-iex aioaii,,. oyiHy poaay e 6eeo oeHe6ey (..ypao-iei,,) ii opy. pai aioaiBB|4 HHM y BoMy. Hai y olr4y' o i opi6o 6yaaoia paia. apia oia fl. Mayioo 6a HeoaHHo.eaopo:''paio-ii aioai o6i HaeHH, o lpXoo ii o 6 epy paio. Ae xi xai a pepo B o6''12,

a 6ie, a MaybM' Bxoo a' o ..ypai aio-ai io e 6y aioa,'13, ypiH 6opo6a oH oa-aa ..6opo6a pix ioex poio'', aioair, Bv1Blr'io e pexo ii - .. oa ii ii, o6 yo-p Bo aeTypy B epoo Apii''14, a Ceaa aepy 6yoaapeJoBaHo eH oo' o6

.,opT Haoo oo iei opo

..t'{yeHa''15. 3io, o

..)eHMeHKoo a6op', Xoa i a po

ii .,aHa'', i po ipa aioaii. Bia 6yo poyio,

oiia poaaHa aa o6paya oH i yA. B epy ep eaHi axioypax e.

Ci py|1 Ba Ha e' o apio-poaai epeoa aooj ao oyi oio oyio ey6.oo ipo e i6ae, Hapa' aHe y epi 1947 poyayHo HaaJlHa pai 2-H M PCP aHotvl ..opi-

yBaHH po oHHy ii pao-ie aioaii ai-x o6ax pao PCP,,. 0y ap C. aep y 1941 poi,op oi aya)y:

,,B c o6a, o ca1c' iepii aepe apoo' o poi oyii i aeH' aTHe Hov1 6po,ie o apaHx aoi i 6y e 6poy 6opo6y y xoyy... Bxi 6yo ao. Hii epee i oyii opaiaii (..6a-epii'') Ha HeaHe aoe' oo oH op A (.,pa-y oat(y api'') i 6pexM aeBpo He B|Bi e6e yap HapoH Ma' ae op eBHy 6opo6po aHHiei HaaUJoBaH poapi HeeeHH' a Tao)l( poapa i epoo Api',16; oHT i ipoii 6epia- y 6i6ioei Topooo yiepey y ..The Petr J. Potihnjolletion on Insurgeny and Counter.|nsurgeny in Ukrai'').

12 a ao, . 12.1 a ao, . 18.]a a ao, . 20.15 a o, . 21.16 |-{epal ap ypeHx o Poo eepa, ai _ l.{A BB P,

. 488, o. 1 c, . 226, . 83.

16

0e, xoo' o A opea i aii ai. A o a,o A ea 6opo6 aa, y oii oa a: ''ei oo, A, B c eo6xioi, 6ia i ..poi'' 0H e oi 6y pa i oi BBoM i pi6i aoH' o opeiipoi A a aHo iiiao Haaa a ii''17.

oii 6yo oao HHH oa A oi 1943 poi,aoe HeHH paH iooooHex' apio-epaHx a-ii i pe. l-{i ii, ip aop oi, Bv1Ka HeBooeHHepe aMx oi yii' oao eeppTo:

,'aao pox 6a-i A oa epexo y pai apai aoH . eo-poa i Meea. epe ipi i ..6aepiM', oao aaHHop poay yy, o A io ..ypao HapoHoloapi,,, o ee 6opo6y i.

oao ieya yi A po ii,,18' oe, a iapii i oye y6, i aa Ha ' o oH He pooepeaei, ieooea, a ao oio-ieooix a o6iiaiopoaaHx ipya ai oBopb pea epe6i oi.

.{oye, o 6epe y oi oapi pa i i yio oo oy, pao ip, ai BM y npoiiOyH i A apio-epa epio PCP BBa)ao a poaaH-y. Popaxyo 6y a e, o6 oi yi y ooi ynioopoy peoi, oi epe Haee eoipy o 0H i A. Capo e ia apyoai oy oi epe o oi A o HaeHH axioypax e. Te epoo aoo pHeHHi iei peii Bepxooi Pa i Pa Hapo oiapi PCP 6yaTBep)H oaoo oi6po K y ToMy 1944 po19. B oa axii o6ai pa 6y e oyoai HaM ia.Toy yxa pie pyBa e epHHH y i io,a oi poa x iai. T oo BpHH ao) peaai o paio. p oy i i epeM ..o yai a aH,.A'' a .HPA, poKa iai e i axioypaio6a, ae a opo, Bio i a'e-oioo6a, i eaoo p 6 iei i ai. oyi ayx epHeHHX oaM A 6yo o6io ..io poeHoi oi o, i yx poH ep aiHo'', Koo o6poio epeyT Ha 6i a,..pey oi 6opo6 aBopo)x yi po epoo Apii.,.',20. oa apai i, xo oi-

1?r'' IaM ao' . 4.!+'- |a ao' . U.'9 A' . 1, o. 16' p. 757, ap. 13.14.-- |a ao' ap. zJ.

17

p M 3aaM' Be oHo oTpa o a6opiB, a i, Xo ooyBaBiBpaBaT Bao' Bopoya pooaop. HX,opea' iie BopBa a ai eiai ao M.

epe o HaeeHH axix o6a pai pa eeia pai, ii oaa 1944 p. Hao ie i aiyix paX N1e, pai 1945 p. _ pBoy epeMo HaHievvo, i y oy 1946 p. _ i 6opi o Bpxooi Pa PCP.L]i ep pyyBa y ix aax axiopax o6ae, ae paHBa o paio, ii apii oi oTpMa aaHHoao i peM Be Ha. i B Ko)t(HoMy X 3p|-ll-lbia o6ia, o Baa olyr ix x yai oo6opo6, xo ..poepHo oab B BoX oHa'' i 6y eopaBa.

aiy oyeH' aH oio-poaaHbo po6oy 3axii pai (, o pei, i aai pai) H aB oo6Boooiy y Moi aoo oaTy. Be y epei 1944 poy l-{K 8(6)yBaB eiay oTaHoy ..po eoi oii po6oi epeHaeeHH axix o6a PP,. 22-24 o'aa oo aoo poy paii i6y y K (6), po xi oa iioaHoB' ipe, o po6oTa o i peaiaiT

..poopaT e

oio',21, oo ay TaHH poaaH epe HaeHH axio-ypaix o6a pBeHi ao apix oyei, HaHaaHa X HapyoaHa B oy oM|"

poe e poa i aiai epe HaHH axiHX o6-ae pai 6y po ioi apioo pia pai.19 i 1945 poy oi6po K (6) aBepo poe aa HBflPCP..po poBeHH pepaii HaeeHH axix o6axpa|,'22' 24 6pe 1945 poy oi6po K (6) oBpa ooo aHH i yxa pie,.po poe o6iy pii iy6oi a ipBax poooi, paHop i payaoBax axix o6a yPP'', opiao apii opaiai,opaH HB i HK a e, o6 '' piyx axoi o BKopoBy-BaHH opo) eeeHlB | ap l oy Ha lprMBa l oyaHoB',...

Baio x ai Bao apMa i aapeya a 14 c.oi62a. oae aa M He o6ea: i 1945 po i o 1 i

.1946

poy 6yo B)o axoi o o6iy ix ai axioi pai

. 10.

1B

io i 15 poi. (e pie ia oaHoa oi6po K (6)..po o 6opo6 ypao-i aioaia y ax|l-io6ax pa,, i 10 i 1945 poy. ooa Mea _ BaHoT oHMieHaxoeH o)Hoo poaHHa poa. o oo Heaao po6, o Tai oo6 aoaHo apaxoByBa o yaiaHpaH 6a, a o ix pix aooyB ppei, o6o api e o C6ipy25.

l-{ yo ao 6o oaBeHe aBaHH pHaa eaxioiax a i i ,,eaX'' (o6o peai i 10xa), i oi 6 cia a M, xo i y ixo i ea,Xo Haa pyo BoaM A, oava Xapi, aa ii oy.

e iaao, a6i pai a xpoooi oyMH Boy oi ay 194-1944 poa. Ha e a 6poi opya 6 HaHo ioo o. Pii oiH oa piiai po aabHy ei e epio. floi iopi iioi A epo Mipy aB, o

..B Bi poy 6ioi aaxioypai ei ii 6ii A lqooa o B0 . ypaiii 20 ru' y)oaioHaHoo eeey,'26. ia ia, aa' o HaoaTy.1944 po, o eHi A 6a a6io' ii oaxaiyao 6o 45 , ooi27. oai 1944 poy ii6 ioya a'y po A, e 6yo aao' o A _ eioa opaiai oH aep' BopHa apii 1942 poy. 3aie aHH' oai

.1944 po A aa 60 . o6poxoi28. ao A i io ipo opoa epopi o-e o 150 . ' Ha i poao ]5 . HaHH. Bo payo yepeHH HeaH Ha|oHaHo-ep>aBHx pyTyp, aepHaB-Hx opaHa 6ioo a.

194-1944 poax aoH A ia 6ooi oepai poiex i i oii a po paH apai. o oy, pia po A apix oyMHTa _ aiB F, oapipaHx apTaHx aoi. epe aB aBaHH Hy-Ba aoH A, aa o oBaH opya ox e, o6poaa x ep, Be aaioaiy aiai ep ie-oo Haee. 3opa' BpaxoBy oi epoH apai 6oxi aoa A, oi6po t] K(6) pi 1944 poy yBapie epea apaHy ii i. opa Koaa o HKB.[

.,

.. Ao, . ,1, o. 16, p.29, ap. 5-6.

26 Mip . paia oaa Api 1942-1952. _ i: poia, 1991. - . 51.27 ia i. Ppeo-apa ea paii' 1917.195, a epa. - K': 6i-

Bio pai ' 1994. _ . 245,

28 Ko.,* B. paia i Hia y pyi ioi ii. - ap-H.op-i'1993. - . 445.

19

poxoeHH oao.i c6, Bopa ij py epy ao iiai aioaix 6a,'29. flo pei, a i

.l944

poy eyb i io oioi py, i Haoi ai i o ypaix oai I o x a oaoial| |XHoo lHyBaHH Bo peaHo peaBH epBoHX ap-aHX aoi (e oo o Hx oa aT aep6oaxoix oi A i oix ipo6ii C). Ha 20 p 1945poy oo axix o6ax pa i o 6aepii r.l56 py i aao ii yai 1783 oo60.

po poax pooHH e epio Bia ai oiii p:i 1944 o epBH 1945 po 6yo axoeo 96.10

..6ai,', oo-

o oHHo 4039531. pyo ooBH 1945 poy a aiBoeHTpaHoo pooy ei ipoi A 6y epeopoai ypi6ii, o6pe rypoai a o6poi, oai y iox MaaX.opa Mepe)a iix ..6oio,, (3-25 o.) ii ioi.Be e aao epoy 6e p)t(My.

oyeax a ]944-.1945 po opy ea KoHpeTHXaxoi o opaiai 6opo6 po A i ii oH. pao peoi eyy K(6) i 24 oaa 1944 po ..po xioHaHH oaoB BK(6) i 27 epe 1944 poy

..po eoi oii po6oi epe Haee axi o6ae PCP,,. l-]eoyH' aHaao' ooBHM Ho 6y pe aponaaHo i aiaioi po6o. A a B Hol4y pe epapMo6oi i paoi K(6) axix o6ae Byao aa ..o-

e 6opo6 aioaiTH 6aa, pMyBaB yap HaaM-pe Ha HeHH pix api i a aoi '6 6e,,32. e ao) oBopo o eo6xii opa i iBa paoo6opo ieoo ay, npo oHH oipai p ioii poei oepaii, po eo6xii ooaa opaHa HB i HK.Heoopaoo epii apii iaii ay oooy HaaBa piepo oaoi a6op paii HB i HK po6o axlHo6a, po e i, opea' piLUeHH op6po t 27 p.1944 po, iee y oy oi3.

ii .l945 poy oi6po K K(6) yXBa oao ..pooeHH 6opo6 ypao-ie aioaia y ax|HX

29 A0, . ,l, o. 16, p. 27, ap. ,l13.

0 Kpy . Hp iopii ypaoo aioaoo-ooo pyxy 40-50- poi oi. - i, 2000. _ . 190.

31 A0, . ,l, o. 76, p. 56, ap. 111.

1)-". a o, . 1, o. 1, p. 668, ap. 8.?i -," a ao, .

,1, o. 9, p, 226, ap. 37.

20

o6a pai''. B i oaoi oa oopy a axoio aiaii aaioaioi 6opo6.

(e a, ope}4a, o6o'ya i, Bo, Caiai-, Teponi, .Qpoo6, Pie i epi o6oK(6)' apoi HKB i HK, aai ypiix i popoHXi HKB.Q nocv1v11 6opo6y aioaia 3 M' o6 opao epio oTaoHoo popoy i iiaii aoi A i i-i oH. oi opaiaio.oiy i poaao-aiaiypo6oy epe ieoo Haee. oi poo o ope iopeH epei pao ayp. B oaoa aao oioae: ,..0.o6 a6 a aoo aHoa, o6 oHoyaeeHoy yi 6ya 6 aa aeypa''34. Baao r!poo ayao aeypoi po6o iex ei, epeipex i iax paiai, a ao i a oix yai oyix opaiai. aaeHyp epyBaT ep a ..a BHH oyix epi, oopaiy, iaxo)eHH 6a i .ix ayi',35.

3a xai a i opoix oi6 Ma pao i o-oy ipa. B eax Topa p aMooxopoH, i HaaH-HM Tep oi 6y apa ix, xo p6a o HaeeHooyry i oa x o ipa. Ha oi a ea paa i- iiioep, oBHeH 6y opoa poeeH axoi.Baao ocv1,1|1 i, iooy i poe oepaii p-Ma yopi ai. T a HaxoMo a o oeHH pepei..,H oa )oHoo ay 6apoi 6e ppei y ioi,||oc|4|1v1 HH i 6ai i ypyi, i aa y 6 o e 6yooo4oy 6aa,,6. epe6aao Ko)Hoy paooy pi, a oogloi x ax Top Hyai 6aao ieooHaeeHH. A ooy HaeHo yi aHyBao Bop ppH HyBa aaoa. flo pei, a

,l i 1946 poy y7 axix o6ax PCP 6yo 3593 yaH 6aaoi, e-i 63 . oi637.

3aaa oaHoa BMaaa i aHo iiiay oN4aH-pi ipoii ypiix i i popoi 6opo6i oa-. Haa ypiix i HKB! paHKoo opyy a Haa-H popox i o6o'ya

,.apa x oaHpi, o i-) oix a i opN4y aK aoi o6opo,'8.

4 Ta ao. . 1, o' 16, p. 29, ap. 5.-- l ao."" Ia ao, ap. 0.7 a* ao, . 1, o. 23, p. 2966, ap. 51.38 Ta ao, ' 1, o. 16, p. 29, p. 16.

21

oayoy ia ioo iooo opyy yo aHo aiBKy,

o6 i ioi aH' o oy o HaeHHx yax, Ha,qa-a iy oooy iei ai y 6opo6i noBTaHM.

Haryi y i oaHo HoBy pa TaHH Maoo-oioi po6o epe ieoo HaeeHH. apaepo, o oa-oa i py ioi opai HB i H, opea ix aeyp-oi po6o i ioo ..io.iox oepai''39.

poo popo6 aH 6opo6 po 6pox opyaA i ii oH, K (6) y oM 1945 p. y oaoi, y MB)e aya e' par pie po oay ii eiaxpy: ,.3 eo HeHH ope pi6x 6ax py' a aoC i oyix aapi' a palo Booi o6ai BopBaTpyy eiaHoo pHaeHH i 6ai, o oo oHoi 6aa 6opo 6ao''40.

L{e 6y i ai epy, i aopya i MpHX ei, oyiHa poaaa py;la i o.i

..6api 6a-

a''. Be , o pei, oe i oo a eo opeoo ol-)HH. oo, o apia oo oy a ol]Jox He oTaoo poy poio. Bo pMyy y.tHo oHy Ha | oH,i pa A. eep io peaHo oe 6y aa yai,o tqpHaI\4 bpaH | B aM ep|BH py.

i ,1945 poy oaoi, pei 6opo6i aioao-oHM pyo' oi6po K (6)y ia Haa HaaHaMo6ax pai HBfl, oay popoHx i ypiix iHB.[ op eiai ioi py. ooBHa ea X py _

epeiya ao A eaeo i oo, i pao a o6ai o6 pyxa' a) o ooi iiaii x aoi. A oap axiox p 6 opeei: o BoH poa oi A, o6yy a e yopo oapai i epai o yy.

[!e o a oMeH To opy popo6 a 6opo6po aoHi A i ir oH oi6po L{K K(6)y yxa Boai 1945 poy. Bay a o a, o ii oc|4v16opo6y aHypo opai HKB.[ a H, oaoa opy Haxoi, o oaHi 6 ooo 6epe aeHyp.

Cepeap o6oi i paoi (6), aaHal4 ypai HBfli H 6yo apooHoao aoya pay i paiaopai HB i HK i oi ioi ei HaeHX yH-i. o paie o}Ha Ha, a iiyaa paii HKB H,Ba>ao iopio, o ep o x yTaHoB poo 1-2 i epe_

la-"- la aN4o' ap. Z-J.40 a ao, ap. 147.

22

6aao oHoaHo Ba o 50 oi6. i a B epy epype6a 6yo ae X' oo iopBa 'ax iiar.

a oi6 Baa popaxoByBaa 6p Bo aeHypy,eopiya iii i epa epopi a oai pox e, aMa alqa Baa BopoaM. apii epi oi-Ba Ha e' o o .qa poBoBaT epopi aT popoo HaeHH' ia oy e 6ye ioo 6op, BepHyo ootvloy o opai a i e ab oi a o 6opo6po aoi A Bey ii iex ei. 3 i eoia pop po ioo HaeHH i eao HK-M,po o uloc e. Be e a ayo epii l-{K oo 6oBopT Hapy}eHH i o i MpH HaeeHHM' aBipi oo oBai ao i i o ia.

flp y ii oao y pe oi opaiaiaio. Biia HKB! a H pooHyBao aTooByBa aT..o)Hl

pMaHo,,42. Bpaxoyv e' o oai Haaa, a apio-paHx epii, Ha MaaH oopaii Ta Ha lvlaUJH BaHaM,L{K pooBaB payBaT B Tx paoHa,,4e aoH oai,..eiai

pao paii i oie a i i ppHaX aio''a. PoH.qyBao ao) ao o ix aaiToBap' a M o o A (o o' B, aaypa),opaT i ByeH yHo Ha lqopoax i eax aBToMaH'aBaHa(eHx Xapa i eaea. iex ei oBHHoaT Bpa}eH, o Maa a6o pao pi oopo)yb6e oxopo i i B c o6a ei a|!v1 a i y t.3a ax yo oBTai 6y oiopoai epe ox aei ipo6 i Haa Ha 6- i x o6'i. Bi i ..pMaH,'

oi 6 a6eeei o6pe aaoBaHI'4 ..eio-io

aia'', B peyai, oia aBop oyHa' oai, iHe ab ai' 6 i, a o6' Haay axei'

Tpei ii oaHoB epe6ava poTo pyH i,l945 p. oc|1|1 i oai aeei yH paii He MH]e15 i po|\lo ip i i, a ao) 1O-ioepoi oii ai a aoodix xi. Bi, xo ae io o ii,epioo aapeyBa, a ix i' BB y iai pao CPCP. xeax op Mpy aei HKB.Q a H i o||V| yai6aao a oV aooxopo44.

a] a ao, p. 30, ap. 271.1 -.. IaM ao' apK' lIz.., | ao... Ia ao, ap. lI3.

2

6ao, y oM oyei ulo H po aai oii a-i, a po io opei pai HaaHoB' po , aM Ha- i opaHa 6e i io. Tai ai oao yBaa- i ai po (apa, oaHoa 0p6po |-{K (6) ,.pooeHH oio po6o, ie 6ioo oi i 6oo-Bo y y BHyBax 6aaoax axix o6ae PCP,' i18 i 1946 poy, oaoa 0p6po K K(6)

..po oaoi axo

o oie ioi yax 6aaoi'' i 23 1946poy' oToa oi6po K (6) ..po axo o oaoMyoie po6o py oxopo poaoo opKy axixo6ax yPP, i 23 p 1950 poy' oaHoa oi6po K K(6)y..po

i a poay io-iox oepai, o pooiqopaHa ', i 24 ep 1951 poy, oaoBa 0p6po K (6)y..po poee o6ax Hapa apJX py oxopoH poMabooopy i ix yoBHoBileHx iiii y axix o6ax PP"i 7 pa .|952 poy, oaHoa oi6po K K

..po a aaxo oo noaoo oie po6o opai Koiey epaoi6e axix o6ax paioT PCP,' i 1,l i 1955 poya i.)

.,oye, iei y oy oi, aiy' o o poy aH-H po xi 6opo6 po aoi A a ii 0H K (6) aoBepa i a poeHH 6opx aai. ii 1946 po oi-6po l-{K K(6)y pa oaHoBy..po xi iooK o 6opi oBpxooi Pa CPCP y ii o6ai,,. B i oaT aa|epe6iy oi o6ai apii 1945 _ oaTKy 1946 poy' 3opa, oyei ep)y, o y ii 1946 poy y ii o6ai ioaeo 90 aoi A. po x aoi a epio i 1 oaa1945 poy o

.| i 1946 poy 6yo poeeo 2204 .,eio-ioi

oepaii', i 1529 6 6epeya. po poa aaoxoepai aop oyea HaBa ix noay iooy, a ao( e,o ' ioiai a poBeeHH X oepai, ..po epiy-i, 6oi i yx i ypii 6aa',45.

Tay oao 6o yBaHo i oo Caiaioi o6ai. B iaHaao' o o6ai iy oa 40 aoi A, pi aeeyi i iii aioaii opaiaii. Aaiy xi 6opo6y Caiaii o6ai, aop oyeTa iaa, o i y i-i o6ai aa opaiaii .,pMaHo'', Ha y (K oa eiai, oia He.BpaBa. i poee 160 oepai ,.pMaHa',,l43 a ix peyai. iy ii o6ai, ooBHopHo poai Haa oay' .,opay,, iooy opai.

24

45 ao, . 1, o. 16, p. 31' ap. 24.

B6op o BepxooT Pa PP 6 pai a 10 oo ]946poy, a aepeoi, 6 oo, oi6po K K(6)y pa e oHyoaoBy ..po ieHH Hoi i oe 6opo6 ypaio-ik aioaia axix o6ax PCP y ,y 6opao Bepxoo Pa PP,. oo i i oTaHoB oaB y BMo-ax a6ee ep6iy 6opi a aaei aie eapi,y oy' 06 oBaHi e o aa

..ioy poe 6o-pi'', oeHi oxopo ii ,y, MoiB, ai i oex opi,pie 6opx i i ipa, poto i paopx i-p46.

Cae a o6iiaiHM axoaM apix opai Hapo|6opi 6yo poeo aii, i oo HaBa ..Beo 6oao',.Bi 1 py 1945 poy ,qo 10 oo 1946 poy po oH i A 6yopoBeeHo ]5 562 oepai, aio X HeHo oHa 4,2 ' oBaH-i i iii, axoeHo ooH i apao oa 9,4 . pe-HX o oH i A, iioao ,130 6pox opaai. Ta ai ioai i a ypaioo oBTaHoo py He a 6aax^^.',-.-^-:^r5y,,Io Id ||.

Bpaa e' o apii oKyeHT i opi a' o XMaao oi ..6ao,'. ioo, CPCP e iaoepaioHoMy aya. i 6opo6a po ..ypaio-iexaioaii,', 'yBao' Tao). ay epi ..oaooi ii-ai aioaix 6aH'', K K(6) aB epe o6a api- oiea Hepeai aa. Ta, 10 i 1945 poy i oM.Xpyoa ep epeap o6oi axix o6a pai 6yooaBeHe aHH iiya o o6ai ao A i iiiopaiaii oH o,l5 pa 1945 poy. 06o oi 6y oeoiya |-{K i oi i iii 6o 6o i aapeoao.oae poi oH i A oyiHoy poi, ioo,poTHya y ai i oyioy peoi oo 3 paxya.

Hapyoai y boy oi oye aiyT, o ae oi 6yoaeo opi eei BpaBaHH Hepoooi oyapo ooa oa px: i 1946 poy i poeeHH aa-oi .,eoi 6oa'' y apix oyHax oa BaT oH..3a ypaio-iex aioaii y axix o6ax yPP'''

4 o 1946 poy oipo K(6) ya oaoy .,po

a 6opo6 i aa pao-iex aioaii y axixo6ax PP',. B i oaoi o iai pi ii opai MBfla M. 3opa, oaoi Haooy' o y epi 1946 po y

/a -." la aN4o. ao. /U-/J.a7 ei A.B. Hap 6opo6 OH-A pai (1946-1956 pp.). _ C. 13.

25

BiX aXiHX o6aTX pai 6yo poeeo 7079 oepai poaoi A a ii opaiai 0H i i 73B x a o-i pya48. o o Ha oTaoy 3 o opy po-po6 l-|K (6)y ay 6opo6 po Ha|oa|Hv| cv1' o |ia, o y 6y oopei i ooi ooe, o 6y op-yoai y oepeix oyHa: opa iooy oepai,oc|4 oipai, oi po6oTy aeypo' epya |4nep a H iiai paoH, oppHx i paox pooi 0H,a ao)t( i epaHoo pooy.

ayno 1947 poi oi6po (K (6) yxa ooTaHH i oaHo' ae HX' i x, o pa oa-i po, paHo B(e H Haa HoX aoi, a e 6ieaaHx pa a pao'

.,i ei 6opo6 poypaio-i aioaii''.

po ..a 6a ypaio.|Mex Ha|oHalT| y ax|Ho6ax yPP, e y oaoi oi6po K (6)y i 1 ep1948 poy, y oaoi oi6po K K(6) ..po axo o oeH}o6opo6 3 aaM oyioo ii axix o6ax PP"i 22 6epe 1950 poy, oaoi oi6po K (6) ..pooeHH 6opo6 o oaoi iiai ai 6a ypax6ypyax aioaii y axi o6ax yPP'' si 24 i 1952poy, y oaoi oi6po K K(6)y

..po oaJe oHH 6opo-

6 o oaoi iiai ai 6a pax 6ypaHX Ha|oa-ii y axix o6ax yPP,' i 9 pa 1952 po, y oaoipo {K ..po ao' i ea po K K pai oHaaHH ooMo ie api i pa opaaN4 axio6a PCP y iiaii ai oioo ii,' i 17 i195 poy, y oaoi pei Ky ..po a iiaii peo 6aypax 6ypyax aioaii axix o6ax paoiPCP', i 3.| py .|953 poy a i.

o e io 6,,aK,, oaoo pyy' oMy aa oy)HappeHo-apaHa e4a He oa o a ix ooa? Oeo,o

..oHpeTi', epi iiai y apix piex a o6iiaie

HaeHH. He aoo BoH BaHoBa auo ypoox( 40-50-xpoi ie api opaaM, a epa. Ta, MPCP aao Ns 00207 y Toy 1948 po, a M PCP peo N 8i 28 oo 1948 poy BMaa ..oraooi iiai,, oyioo iiy Tepoii o6ai. 30 py 1952 p. K KP o6o'a, MB PPiiya ..o iH', aioaie ii i .,o6poi 6a'' y axixo6ax PP i PCP, y i, aii a Eoi.

26

48 Ao, . 1, o. 16, p. 29, ap. 160.

3poio i , o BoHyBa i pi 6yo ye Hepoo, oMyao apei i pe}(My. pao Mo)y 6y iiM.poa. oey yi y oi 14 oo 1946 p. a apaiepeapi o6oi K(6), aai o6a ypai HKB, HK,oa]ryx io opyaM i aooyaB Ha MalvlaHooBHoMy opaHi ioo , B 3axii pai, a ooooloi pooya .. o)HoMy | Bop o op''4g.

e aaHoy ,.Opiyai po o ii paio-ie aioaii axix oax pao PCP'', aeoyy epi 1947 poy ayHo HaabHa pai 2 H PPaeo, oc po e' o 1944-1945 poax opaHaM a ioM-MB i a6ii i pi a i .,6a A 6 iopopoei, i A' aa, p|4a iya'', a ia aUJ..pi6i pyK 6ai,', o pooy o.i ii50.

po, a aHM MB.[, a 1 i ,1946 po 6o 479 6oox

oH oyH i A a 3 735 6ii. 3a aHM M, a 1 i 1947 poyy 6pooy iii Hapaxoyao 530 6oox oH i 4456 6ii51'Ha 3 6epe .1948 poy y axix o6ax pa 6o 647 opaiaieir 3.|76 oi6, 1BB ..6apy,' eit 1229 oi6 i 2019 ..6ai-

oai'', oo 6 424 oo652. Ha .l7 i .1952 po pooB)yBa epo6oy 7,1 poi 0H (160 oi6), 84 6ooi py 0H (252 oo6), a ao)opei 6oo (64t oi6)53' Ha 21 oa 1953 poy y axix o6axpa poo)ya t 15 pooi 0H (40 oi6), 32 iiiopaiaii i py (,164 oo6), 106 opex 6ooi, oo 310 oi6. pioo' Ha o6iy pe6ya 794 ea, X 372 6 oieHaM oyH i yA54. Ha .l7 6e 1955 po axix o6ax paiHapaxoBao 11 popiex 6o py ei 32 oo6, 17optvl 6ooi, ia oy 500 eeai55.

oa ioM' a aa' a ao i oi aeaiHa TeMy ..ai ypao-iex aioaii', roa eeiBa y o[ epeoi oy Ha epBaa i ei. oy-eH' o opa He oi, a iox aei 6opo6 ypa.i oBaHM pyxo' oBolo ipo ipy e.

.[J,o pei, o a, o opo6y oH iA e pii rp-opoi ia, Boo ay al\4oyBaa oia poaaa. Ko

49 Ao, . 1, o. 23, p.2884, ap. 12B.50 A BB P, . 4B8, o. 1, . 226, , 102-10,51i A.B. Hap 6opo6 oyH-A paii (1946-1956 pp.I. _ . 24, 4152 A BB P, . 488, o. ,l, ' 226, .21.5 Ao, . 1, o. 16, p. 12, ap, 46-47,54 T ao, p, 73, ap. 60-6,1.55 ,," Ta ao, p. 75, ap. 31-32.

^1ZI

i a op6aoBoi ..pe6o'' 3' at po , oH 3aaix pKi ..aioaiHoo 6aHy,' ao aeoHeHH:

..aye ope iox aH o iiaii 6a oH- oi H oHaao' o BHyBai 6aao i py aoapao opaHa Paoi Ba He o ai oi 6a-o... o po i. a iox ipoii y oioyix 6a aa a i pH abe poBopoT| a|1v1ix papi i 6aoo epop...,,56.

3poyio, 6yo HaBaK. Pe ipo po6 aBy ae Haioy y. apii opa 6y pei o opya ai 6pooi6opo6 po aoi A i iioT pei 0H' eepeo, opeiioi oepaii, opMa' BopaHH Bypiix i HB.[ pal-oo opyry, i M Too aoo opyy' a6o yrpio oxopoHMB yPP, ai oppoiyax opai r iiii, Be e ayaoy iox a6ax, a Tao epiBHaM HK-M' Oae apieepio 6pao a y avei paix api i po6o.

Baa po ioa ..eio-io oepai'', i Maa ei oy i HeHH 6pox ipoii A. o ..o6'T oepai,,6y io - aooyBaB eTo ooeHH' o i _ Meo noyy y6ooaoy e6ooao paoi. po aa6 oepai MoHaa BeHH a aeHM pia' i 6epe. Ta, yii o6ai nipoi BB pieoo oKy 11 aoy ypiixi-oxopo M-MB! CPCP y 1946-1954 poax i 511 aoepai57. Ha epei .poo6oi o6ai 13 ai.7 iio BB MB-Bo MB CPCP y ,1946-1953 poax i y 1946 poi - 28, 1947 _ 20,y 1948 - 14, 1949 _ 15, 1950 _ 17, 1951 - 15, 1952 _ 32, 1953 _.l7 ax oepai58.

Bpaa i p, o ai ii aix i xonepaix. Ta, apa, 5-6 oaa .l953 poy 6yo poeooepai y iooy ai a ei Oeoo, i'oo i 3a6oo-ioo paoi ioj o6ai eTo BB oBe oyiooepia. i opai 6yo aio Ba aoH ypio oxopoHMB PP aaHo ei 1500 oi659.

Ha oay Toaa oo aoo .1953 po p poBeHi oepaiio ..iiai oix 6aaapi'' ii o6at 6yo aioe ai ei 2050 oi660.

56 '(a.o

B.A. ..paia oaa api'': x a6 i oi. _ K., 1989.- . 38.

5? A BB P, . 4ss, o. 1, . 306, ,1-17'5 ," Ia ao, . 205, . 1-36.5qY,, la ao, . 59,l, . 317.60 Ta o, . 310.

2B

i e, ayao, 6y e ,1953 pi, o a oia aX eK|T-X opaHi ..6apy', cKaa i 2-3 oi6.

l-]iao, o poeH X oepai peHo i eao ia-o. Meo oaboo BBeHH i aoya a6yoo oiy.Pe e a6y po yaaHeHH oo oi. Copa 1c-ei eoi popo6 Ha e ..i ioo-eiooepai iioo o oyy i iiaii 6ai y ii,,, ..pa oot.lJyy iiiai 6ai y xoi ii',,..po xapaepi oa,a ioi Hap iaxo 6ai XoBa y lvloBXyoax,, oo.

oya i eiai poi. la,27 i 1953 poy ayHKHaaHa a6y ypio oxopo MBfl CPCP Cay aia aayoi HaaHa 1-o iiy a6 B0 M paoo opyypo6epy i peo ioa a 6ee o o6iyoio opaiaii i poee ..eio-iox opai,''Baao oaHo i ai a:

...l. Mea 6oooo a6e eio-ioo opai.2. Poia ypoBHa .qo oay eio-iooj oepaii

a y ii xoi.3.Opaiaii oxopo ooH p pi o pao oepair.iaa.,.4.3a6ee i i ai pi oLJJyy i pyi 6oya

p poeei onepaii.5. Maya, o aoo ipoia i a Map' p

ai xioo aHoBa (ooe), a ao) y xoi oepai.6. flopa oipaii y eio-ioi oepaii,,61. i ay

a oHM oaHHM a oi, a6 y 3axii pai,6yo niooeo.

Ha oay 50-x poi , Ha peHx loyei, oBMa yooaeH poBeeH

..eio-iox oepai',. Ta,

9 ep 1953 poy y o pei a Ns ,l11 MB PP Baaoi aai opai MB.( peeo BBa iopai po X' Koopoyya, pao i yo poBeeHH opai oo. aai MB.[CPCP a Ns 001071 oHM ooBHX aa a .1954 pi 6yo HaeoBoKoHaeHH a poeeHH ..io-iox oepai'', e-HH y paTKy ooBoo Koy i i oo6o io ioo62.

apaepo, o iya i aaiya He e o oii io, a ea. 6epe ei ,.ypa o6iyix i 6ox api,, (..ypa yea HMelx e y.6lx apo,') y iox aHax. Ty iya He a,

29

o l po Hao|bH| ||' a po HaaeHH HeH Haioxo,.

B o epy, p poeei iox ioo-iXoepai ix opaiaop io e a6ya po oie a6eeex axoi. Ta, ap, i 30 i o 7 oo 1945 poy a HaaoHaaHa i HB.[ paioo iooo opyy 6o poeeoI'lJpooaUJa6 opai y MopoaHo a Booy paoaxPieoi o6ai. Boa 6yo oaeHo Ha .16 opey piey6pra BB HB paioo opy' a Maa aaHH pao opaHa HKB.' HK i i paHM i api aTBoM:

..a) iiya 6a, 6oi i oH-ie ii;6) Be i'i 6ai, i io11c ooc o6poio;) By ooie HaeeHH poo iy;) Cp paapTaKy y iei axoi o oHaHH HaeH-

o6o,i epe ep}GBo' po'ai po6or i epeHaeeHH ''64.

oy ii aa oiiiy oo oyaB, oiopaoya 6ii o i opaii' opeMa po'H pi K K(6)o iiai ..ieo-ypaT 6a y axix o6x pa,,.Ha oo yMy,

..opeHa, ipoa po6oa oiii, oi-

aapai, apix i ooox opaiai p o, o Haiiy i oix oepai, oo6o a yi poi oa-B o BoHaHH oepaHoo aaHH, Bs|ov1 e|y H|b'ia oo6ooo ay 6a ao iya, a aio i paipeyTaT oepaii, a ae:

3a pio i 30 i o 7 oo ,t945 poy ia aa:

1. 86o 6ai _ 205 oi62. xoeo B ooH 6ai _ 61 oi6.3. ao o6poio 6ai _ 49 oi6.4. axoeo px 6aa - 112 oi6,5. axoeo X, xo |4B i poy o epooi apii _ 230

oi6.6. axoeo ppi _ .l31 oi6.7. 3apao 6e oyei _ 5 oi6.8. Beo 6aie - .116 oi6.9' ooo oBHHo y paep HB.Q, H, ioMaT

6ai, p' eppi i x, o rc i poy oepooi apii _ 203 o. ..65,

6l ,-. la ao' . ZUo.64 A B P, . 48s, o. '1, . 81, . 6.65 Ta" ao, . 11 o6.

30

oy aoMy oyei HaoMo ao i i po axoipoei:

...l. Pvx yeei _ 5 .2. Aoai _ 10 .J. I BHT|Bo - tlJ.4. Peoeoi ,,Haa,, _ 5 .5, Pvx paHa _ 27 .6. apo _ 4265"6,epio yBay Ha e, 6aao 6o 6o .,6ai,, i i ai po-

e 6yo axoeHo' i aee oMeH He ooHo. l-t HaoB-xy Ha yy po e, o 6a eoOpox e. Bia ep epepopy 3HaHo popBaB, HyBa He Je X' Xo paB| HB6po oip, a pe HaeHH' e ooollyao ,'6aa'', a6o..pM 6aa,'.

Be - pai pa eoi, I ao) oyi pHeBa A. o x oi Hae)a ii poiyaHo-ol'lJyoBXpy (P), i o6yya aei yHK' aa ep Ha Xaoipoo peBaHH ipoii A, iyya xi i a oxiy ix MaBax.3a ope..6apya,,, po i 6ya iopai,apia opaBHo-ioi py (0B). aio, e Ha ii62 pieoi iii BB M paioo opy aHoM a 22 si1948 po 6o opo 28 0867. .. piBa M pya i- ioi oiep ioppai paox iie M. floeHH 6opo6 A BopBa oepaBHo-io-ioipy (0B) paoax ii a6o ioi o6ai, a6i..paHX6ao,'.

ay oyei (i paie e ia opHHH) oo oypeHo By' e oMyHlHa npoaaHa HaBaa opeHHM..paHoi'' a6o ..oiaioj aooi,'. ao o po aii ao, o oo H apio-pai i ii opa' p-opoi i ypii ia, yai 6aao. B oy oi i6pao28 oyei po e, ae o i i ei oa 6o 6 pv1B|' opeyKH)y. p oy ep oyeH i aoa 1945poy' a oai _ i 1954 poy. L{e oaa, o 6pyai r poioo HaeeHH 6 e ooHoM aa, a aHoB eBHyeel.

oyeax po opyllJ .,paoi,, a6o ..oiaioi ao-

oi,, i i a aox 68- peTaBHaM KoM-ioT a i io ix ei, eiax apei,

-. |li ao.', IaM aMo, . JUU' . J/

1

o aapoaH iHX pioi HeoBoBaoo HaTBa' a-y, ia, ByHH aa, aiai ix pa. oaoB|oi6po K (6) .,po a 6pax tlopJeH paoaooi axix o6ax yPP" i 2,l 6pe 1945 poy ipe-ao' o ..y 6aaox BaaX ai ppBa i6o6opo6o ypaio.ie HaioHaia''68. [-{e epHHMo(Ha p oHM aepe{eHHN4 _ He y 6aaox, a aHoy B|x Baax.

aoo oaTy ao poyio, o opyuJeH He o(Ha6ye opi eo. He apeo i aaHoi oao oi6po K(6) Ho oepa o oo aHH 19 pa 1945 poy iao oHay o 6e. p oy Hapo ypiix paB. P, Hapo ep6ee C' Caeo' HaaHK popoHxi HB.[ ypaa i .[e, HaaHK ypiix i HBflpaioo opy Mapeo, HaaH o6ac i paox opaiHKB i HK o6o,ai 6 B pa i oo6 opo69.

Heeei oo pie i poooaoo opo poeN4o-pya ai oij. BoM piei,.po eoi y po6oi opaiMB, M, y i poypaTyp o 6opo6i opLl'JHa paoiaooi y axix o6a PP" i 24 1946 po 0p6poK K(6)y oHaTyB;LIlo: o a

.l.l ii 1945 poy 6yo aioao237 a..opyeH'', o a 5 ii 1946 p. _ 96570. epoy apai.1946 poy y paiiax MB. Caiaioj o6ai axoo 3092aapuJoBaHX' 3 Hx aKoHHo rpBac 2023 oo611' Haoa pa: y oai 1945 poy Haa 6yioo paiiM CaiaioI o6ai .{ieo aapeyBaB 89 oi6 ieo ooi1928-1931 poi apoe. Bi yHo a6pya a a-"aaHyooiy o A'' i ipoy i a poBe y ,i,,,

oepa o aHH po 6eao i ai, oi6po (6)y y oaoi ..po a i axo o ie oiaioiaooi i paoo paBoopy pai PCP,, i 28 i1948 poy aHaao' o npoTo oaa 1947 poy y 3aapa-i, ii, Tepoii, Piei i Caiaii o6axaoHo 200 ai popax i7.

o 6i Bpa(ax oyei 6y apae a i,M.pyoa .l5 oo 1949 po. e po ooiy ay io-

68 o, . ,1, o. 16, p. 29, ap. 189.

6a--. Ia aNlo' ap. ll.7n-,u Ta ao, p. 50, ap. 93.71a ao.71 +'. ll{ aMo, ap. J-y4.73 a ao, .1, o' 6, p. 1169, ap. 21.

JZ

Boo poypopa Bi MB.[ paoo opyy . Koapoo ..po

a 6pyaHoo opyeHH pao aooi ioi . .py M''. ai aHaaob, o M PCP a oo ypaiy axix o6ax eTo ..BHH Bopooo' ypaio-aioai-THoo ii poo opoy| a ai epy, o ii o 6ai ..yA,... 0a, ia a, py6o-poo.aia i epoya po6oa py epy i oyei ix yaaai ao a ie HaeeHH i H noey6opo6y 6ao' a' HaBa' yaH ii, ipa aBopTpao aooi eapo aa-b o pai oiai.oo 6yia axix o6ax pai,,/a. ai, o pyyy oy oi, aeeo ei pa 6eao, a oooo Xoaiap p)t\4 TBp)yBa axii pai.

Xapaepo, o . Koap ipaB, o ..H o ao

opyeH paoi aooi Haxo o i6 y ix pa-Bax I poly.

ie 6ie, o Bioa poypapa i a epe M yPPaHH po oapa oi, o oy M PCP e He HaxobHae)Hoo i oo peayaH: lyy e i oK oH-o ioi oi6, i 6pyao opy ao, i pioaiipo oo' o6

..poya'' a., o [x oioa Bioa

poypapa, i ay poiya'',).. Koap po a' o..ij . B. epy M a

pao yoo6e 6a' aHpaH xapaep i, poyio,He o(y 6y paai i oepaTBHM ipya,,76. PaoM i io yllJo ayBa(yBB' o

..e eo po6o opai Mo6pe io oH-ioy ii, K po Hoo oepeao i oe.pe}y ox yai'',,.

poo 40.50-x poi l-{K (6) HeoHopaoo yxaa ei.i oao po e' o aiiyao

,.opye oiaioi

aooi''. apii opaH' ay}y B oaHoax ai opye,apai H ooB ioiai a Hx. i opa HB.{ aHK, i ao poo e i HaeHM HoM e oppoiy-BaHy po6oy. Cae i 6o oi pH aXBoo epopy.poy oHoaHo Baa HaMaaa o i e: o-epe, oi-v11 Nl' xo ioo ipy oa pyx, o-p, aae ie HaeeHH, o6 oo ao oipM oaBe oi a.|-]e oo6o pao Bv1so: a yMoB iao .l947 po

74 Ta ao, . 1, o. 16, p. 68, p. ,10.

75 Ta ao, ap. 8.'- la aN4o' ap. J.77 Ta ao.

3

HaHo oiaii a ei, po o ao e y oyHax'iex y oy oi, |opai po poaoHi ii i oBaHHopaa o oy4eHi i a o aa a ioa. oa apoa,a: e - Maa aa oo' o ioo po eaoH, oo e epio y axix o6a pai.

Ha oyei, o y6iy B poy oM|, peHaopaiari yoB poei po yai 6pox opa Ai ii opaiai 0H. 3opea, epi 1948 poy oi6po l-{KK(6)y pa oTaHoy ..po axo o y6ee ii, i aie io-yox opaHax' i pepei 6oy a ypaio-iex aioaii,,. i oaoi o po e, o i apoBeeHH yoBX a|a ao He 6epia TaMH ie ie ae oi iia aya ii i ia ooHoHx popi a. Ta, poo i-i 1948 poy axixo6ax pa 6o 6o 195 ii. ..B peyai, _ aao oaoi, - ea aHa ieoo ay io aa i-eHH B yi i ai oiM e ' o yy' 6o ot\4 6oy 6ai,,78. l-| oyMeHoM t-| o6o,ya iipa epaoi6ee, iipa piix pa, ioBoo poypopa i MBflpaToo opyy, ooy iooo p6a i MB! pai.oo opyy' lpoypopa PCP a iipa i .l0. e epipopo6 pai 3ao o oeHH HaHoi oi i oxopoii a ix oi6, o aBHo BKpaV, iiiig.

epei 1949 poy oi6po K (6)y Bao oaoy ..po

poBeHH ipx yoBx poi y axix o6a PCP aope yaHKa 6ao-epopHx p,'. poe xpoi opyao p6a i Bfl ioo opyy' e' Hayy aiyoo aiipaBM iio K (6)y . flpooa, 6yi6pai a6i aiioai yoi pai axix o6axpai. oi6po ao) o6o,yao ooBy p6a i MBflioo op a poypopa i MB! paKoo opy a6e-e tlpoe ipx yoBx poei ypaio Moo. ieo BoH a ii6pa a6i aiioax paii, oooi ypao oBo' o ay x i p6yay' a ao}poypopi, o 6pa yaTb y ox aiax y poi ep}aBHxo6yai80.

l! o apap oyMeH _ eHopaa aiaH oi6po (6)y i 22 6epe ,1950 poy. o6oopao aH ,.po

78 o, .1, o, 16, p. 33, ap. 166.i9 Ta ao, ap. 169.no' Ta ao, p. 6B, ap. 39-41.

4

ao o oeHH 6opo6 i aa oioo ii axi-x o6ax PCP''. (e oye epea aoepy aia oi-6po i peaH (e poaa|) aBeHH ei oi6po oo6oopaoi e. 3opea, .[. May pooyBaB epyBapaii M o ix ooi axix o6ae, a x yaiii, xo pe oBHoto' Pe o xix o6a81. Hee piyv 6 i pooiT epeTap t] 0. Kpea: ..Mo}oi a o aa M i e pa ope x, Xo o ii. Bao epi. Heo6xio 6o 6 poBe y ipxpoei y ix o6aX' aHy at o popiy,,82.

a HoM' 6yo aaeo Be' ooBa N4a Xipx poei - aaT HaeeHH. l-J, ya oi i y yi.['a Kopoea:

..Tpe6a poo ipi poe, o yopiBpo. ay 6ai ay o popiy''83. e _ oHa i paxipai yi ..oiaio aooi,,, o e o yy piyao X' oo oooa

,,6aa''.

Ha oay 50-x poi K K(6) ia pai ox piexBpTa o eM poHH ip yoX poei axixo6ax pa. oy oi, opea' pyy oao oi-6po l-{ K(6)y ..po poee ip yoBx poei Ha yaH-a ypaix 6ypyao-aioaix 6a'' i 5 i 1,l o 1951poy84.[-[e i po e' o N4 poea Haaao eoopoaaoo HaeHH 6opo6i po aoi A i opaiai0H' Bo oi 6 cp ayaH HaeH' o6 o6aaioaii opaiaii ip 6oy ix ei. Cao a18 epe .1949 poy y Piei, ii, Caiaii, Boii epoii o6ax 6o poeHo ,l4 ipx yox poei. 51 ooo ea OH o pa a 2485,

28 py 1949 poy ab oaHoa oi6po K K(6)y.,po aa iipa ep6ee yPP N9 312 ,,po HepHHH oapo ioiaoi yai ai popoex ypaix aio-aix 6a axix o6a paoi. PCP, i o6poioooc|4c o opai paoi a oo''. M e iaae' o y BepHeHHx o Haee axix oae pa, ipac y 1944-1946 poax' oio a o6i ..iooopoHH'' ix, xo a o6poio. i i BpHeHH' aaao) pyya y i aeax, a oo i o6o axix o6ae

81a ao, '1, o. 6, p. 1434, ap. 143.82 Ta' ao' ap. 145.l ?-- |a ao, ap. |.{0.8a Ta ao, o. 16, p. 70, ap. 65-68.85 ao, p. 85, ap, 248-249.

35

6 o6o,ai oe o lvl|eBoo aee86' o yi 6y Hao aHll| | o Hol tvllp |H MaB y|x.

H aa a oii .,yaHi'' aoo poy pie, aBeHHpey o oix y.lai oBTaHKoo pyx 6yo ooii.9 oaa 1956 poy pei Bepxooi Pa PCP pa ya..po a6opoy oi epia i a yaHa ypaooaioioo ii, i i6 ay)HH i oapa, oBepa- y axii o6ai yPP''. 30 oaa ,1956 p. oi6po K Kyxa oaHoy ..po epe pa ex oi6, ieH 3y'HeHH i aaHH,', Cpaa i, o a 1 py 1956 poy y axiio6ai pa oepyo i ie 60 . oi6, ay)Ha ya y oBaHoy pyi a a ii ..oppeoii o,,87.Toi aa aa o HoX epeeeH' o a BaHoo opa6opy (o6oe Hapa a po6o epeBaHo y xii o6ai), a aKo)l( ooo, o6 epeoHa yoi opa:

..6aepii'' apao i, aia ix i oepy a i oHboo y,e ( eoo ia6opoo npo)aT paii)... aiy Hapyoai y oyoi oeH' o ix x iix 6yo oHyo ixi. oe' yeioy e a6ya i e 6aa. r, Xo Be-a aUJa' caBv1a ioi o6i'

lle apii 40- poiB oBTa pyx iy epoy Heay6po, aiii, xapi. 6aaox ix i popoy ioi i ioiepei oH e [i a oi A, 6paao oopHo-aoi i' .exo yai ypaioo BBoHoo pxy iaaKaM py PCP 3oo oHHo. Bi 1947 poy oaopeopya iix TpyTyp. Ta, 30 paH Poa xeB BaBipyi, a oi pia ei oH i A iii ei.Bioi oH i A oa HaBa 6po ii. oa ooeoMaHyaHH A p oMy e 6yo poopoa. p oy aHaapi oTpaa peBy eaia' poHa y oivipyryp88. i a6i 5 6ep 1950 poy ooBHoo oapa Aeepaa Poaa yxeva (..apa ypa'') BoHa Bo paa 6o.ai. 24 pa 1954 po M 6y axoe HayH P. yxeaooBH Ba Ky (..oa,'). l xoa opi oBaHi 6oTpopMa e o pe 50-x poi, aHaao y ooiiai Biiy aiipa opai ..po a po6o opai ep)aB-oi 6ee pao PCP'' i.lB pe1959 po, B)e Ha oaTy,l956 poy 6yo aieo ..iiai 6pox 6a i opaioaoo

86 Ta ao, p. ,1317, ap. 19.al -o.Ta ao, p. 77, ap. 2.8 Kpnvy . Hap iopii ypaioo aioao.ol.|oo Pyy 40-50- poi

X oi. - . 221.

36

ii ypaix 6ypyax aioaii,,89. ia iopo pa6y ae: ioa a' oHoea o ppeBHX opai,aa pi aopo ytloopeHH HaeHH. iiaii oop 0Hi A oaio oioy peoi.

H pa ai epia 0yH i yA Ha paHo-aepaH-

.oi, oBoB 6 ipo pai paTi. He oo-

o i aoei oHa i y6a CA i Bo6paii' t.{eiepy iopi i Bae Oxpoe (oy, o,a i ooa6e, ieo y oy oi). 19 paBH 1951 poy i 6y c apaoo iaa Meo iioi po6o pai. y epi-o oH Kapaoo pa. oepa ioy yi aopa-oi-xoHa A. 6 oBH 1952 poy axoe i 29 6pe 1954 poypae a Bpoo Biooo p6a Kioo ioooopyy. Co oTaHoo}o 29 i 1954 poy pei K aH|o-yBaa o6iya pei e oioeHH o pai oxpoa.. ooy p6yai Koo iooo opy,' i o|oM-eHH' oy aBpyaa oo ii90.

Oae B oy a ix oyeHa )oHoo oBa He 6yo aaopo e' o a6e B.Oxpoa HaHo ipo o'aa M' oi epi Caia ..ypaiy apy', y 6opo6i a ay HaaaBpoipa apei epi. ao i aB aaHH paia M, yio o iaoo oy a o a MB.[ CPCP, po6

..oo.

pai,' peaHoo TaHoBa axix o6ax pai. 16 pa 1953poy i ioya eiay any po eoi po6oi oltJlxopai yPP o 6opo6i aioai ii, i o- po yai y 3axii paii.

3a i ai (y ei oi ol4oo aiiyaBloHo poBoKay) i oi HaBKoo i a e 6i poyi-|1|!1 eai ai opoo oi pe)l,ly a axix TepeHaXpai. 26 pa 1953 poy a aiai pii KP 6yo yxa-Ho oaoy ..a xix o6ae paior PCP',. .[o pei,ay Ha ay ay ey . pi 8 pa ,1953 po ioya i oioi opai M ooi PCP. 28 pa 1953 poy po L{ Kyxao pie ..po oaoy |.{ KPC i 26 pa ,|953 po..aHH axix o6a paioi PCP', a ooiy ay o.'. epi o peii K KP". oy oi ieo ao( oaHoyey K y

..po oaoy (K KPC i 26 pa 1953 poy ,.aH- axix o6ae paioi PP, i ooiy a o. .. epiio peiT K KP" i 4 ep 1953 poy. l-{ pi o yi 6yo

37

BHHo epoHi aa6 i ai 6pyax i pey a axio-ypax eMX. opa, ipao' o

..opo6 aioat-HM ii He MoHa eT LUe luo MaoBX pepei i i-o-iox oepai, o 6ey aoyBaHH pepi BKa HoBoeHH HaeeHH...,'91.

ie 6ie, a , epi 6y H ep y oioy pi-i, XTo BBaB a oie oioo oy oo,,6aH',, aB HaB ai oBaHoo pyxy. BioBopB' o paii ea..HiX 6ai, a e HaioaiHoHaaoaHa aHa HaeeHH,,92. a aao . epii o MopBe B.oxpoa' epe oo i Havlaa a aio.aie ii, o6 epeoa oioi oao 6opo6.3 i ao Meo o oioi oi CPCP i 6ipoo aaHHpBe ep aep, i Boopoi ,i _ pa BPpa oaa, a Tao Mpooa orla Cioo, oo ao)Haaa opa po'a aioypaix npo6'

aa ey K K yi oa poo epeTapK K 6eaepeoo pyoia i aia eoia Meoa, y yi a eyi HaB ooi BaHx i. Ho iepo Ka 0ei Kpeo, ipe: ',HaM ao BHa 6 ieoi. Hae aaH oa B oM' o6 6oo yio oi-H i pyeH oMo' BeeH HaeHH i ooo, yHaa HaM K P o oaoo i 26 pa, i api,Bao oyia, B a iiai x i oii epiiaxi o6a''9. Oae paa yp Ha iiai ..x6 ieoii'' eoi 6y eppa oio o,ypo, o ia.

i opa , epii 6opo6i a Bay i ape 2 1953po pei |.{K KPC yxaa pie po ByeHH o6ox ao poooi pei, a aepi o x piLIJHH iia ai,o pb

..aiaii 6ypyao-aioaix eeei,'94. Ha i

oi oiHi ae Bo ipeaya Ki. piei eyyK K i 30 ]953 poy 6yo aao:,' i poBoaopi opo api epi HaaaB pi iy poa iipap6y apoi CPP... ae opo api i apoy epi aaaopaT oi B ooapoy, ypoy 6yii, oi.i po6oi ep pyX aiHx o6a pa, iepea oixBopo) ai. o ai po aoBe axix o6ax i

91 Ta ao, . ,1, o. 1, p. 1,125, ap. 6.

92 ei ,A.B. Hap 6opo6 oH-A paii (1946-1956 pp.). _ C. 85-86.9] Ao, .

,l, o. 1, p. 1,120, ap. 30.9a ap ep. '1953. Ceopaa oo HMa K py

oyN4eH|. o pe. aa. A.H. oea. - M.' 1999. - . 401.

38

i aM pooM 6opo6 opHH aioaHo.i oiapi aaa iipa py6y apoi ao pa' poaypai Hapo Beoy poioy Hapooi, ypaTi axixo6ace pa xix o6ace, aiya 6ypax aioa-ii _ X Bopoi paioo apo...',95.

i oo, . epii po6 ia, i6o Ma Ha i p- aioaiy, . Cioo ipa Ha aaHH, . oaa - oBapoi 'i, a B. oxpoa popi' 3 ai ory-Hoo o aioo oia api ao oa oHpo a

ii y6, a oo6o a ii poi ..ypa 6ypy-a aioaia''. 12 6epe

,1954 poy 6yo yxaeo oaoy (KPC .,po aBaHH Koiey epaoi 6ee p Pai Miipi PP".Ha i oa 6o po ioii oKeH i PCP. l-{e paoip oyMH i ao a oo olvl. Ty, opea,ieo oaHoy oi6po K K

..po a a ao oo oa-oo oie po6o opai Koiey epaoj 6ee aX|Hxo6ax paoi PCP,' i

,|1 i .|955 poy, ooiy ay Bi-

iy aiipaTBHx opai K K ..po a po6o opai epao

6ee paTo PCP', i ,lB p 1959 poy, oaHoy oi6po

K Ky ..po a Ta axo oeHH po6o opai epaoi 6e

paoi PCP'' i 24 coaa,|959 poy. B axoo iyx oi, o poopac B 3axii pai oo va. apiBMaaIla po6 e, o6 i oi io e oop:''Koiry ep)aB-o 6ee p Pai Mirpi PCP, o6a ypaiM a TpaHopTHopaa1 Kfl piye nov1 po6oy o Bp i pia ooiioi aeHTyp iepiaix poio. 3ao opa po6oypo aopoHHx eHpIB yKpa|Hb oypyaH Ha|oHa||' o le-oy a opaiaioN4y poaa ypaio aioaio eipaiii opoeai i aapi, pe BopoByBa oo op oDaTHM i eai ooi...

o6o'a oie epaoi 6ee p Pai Miipi PCP aoo opa a ix nov1v1 poo o oepee, p ipia opo)X i aioaiHX a ix apaH eee.i a popi pe6i''96.

(e a ii apii pie Mo(Ha Baa opio iooo TX iopx oi, i poopHy a axioypax MXy 40-50-x poax X oi. B i ioi e oa o6i i 6e p.a oii|1 all!1v1' y 3axii pai y 1944-1953 pp. 6yo aape-oBaHo ae 104 c, ,,6ai, yai 0H, a ao 6apoo

95 A0, . ,l, o.1, p, 1147, ap. 2.3.

96 a ao, ,1, o.16, p. 85, ap, 243.

39

eeeHy,'g7, i eo ioc ci aiopei ,ax oHi A. 3a e e a 6yo eeo (a o aapaoi o6ai)ae 66 . i, o6o 203662 oi698. i e oa aaoMToaa pa: y 1945-1953 pp. a pioo poy ''aHpaHioii oH'' paii 6yo aapeoaHo 4379 oi6 io o 25poi, a i ioi y axi o6aX pa aapeya 36340o|o...

Bi 1944 o 1952 poy y axix o6ax pa ppi (y pixopax BHo popia) oyiHlv] pBHo-apaHMpyypa 6yo iao ae 500000 oi6, o4y i aapoaHooa 134000, 6o oa ,l53000 oi6, ao oio a ei paToa 203000 oi6100. p oy Byeo o ia, i 6poea,61 apepia apaa' 595 ioi, 77 oei, 35B poaHoBXpH' B44 ao i 827 pyHX yeei, 6i 26 . aoai,oa 72 . io, 22 c. ioei, oa 100 . paHa' B0 .i i api, oa 12 ioi apoi. Poyao i yeo 6ie100 pyape pyapo xio' oa 300 paioepeaai, 1BaooOii i ooi' HaHa ii apo ai a xoaioaio iepayp101.

3a oii tavl|Iv|' ypaie ii BHo 14,5 c' epii epopx ai, B x aHyo He MeHJ 30 . peaioyioo pe)My, iooy6oi, iex ei102.

lopi A, a ao iopi poToHH aioaioo iii oyiHoo pey ypoo) ox poi CCP ..peaBa''oiio aei ..6opi ypao-i aioaio''. .Qoy.MeH' o o 6 p ipoe ao pa, 6o peTeHoaxoaHo ..opeMi'' i poo eoyi apxii e.

Hi, apei, ao Mory po i oyeH, a M aMM po-6 e oH po y oMHHi aol iopo aaa oi,o,ax iopi paoo oBaHoo pyy 40-50.x poaxXX oi.

pi aoa,poeop, oop iopx ay

97 .Ao, . 1, o. 11 , cp. 19, ap. 56.AR ?.. |N4 ao.99 Ta ao, o. 1, p. 1120, ap. 228,100 ape p. 1953. Ceopaa oo eya K v1 tpv1e

oyMeH|. - c, 47.101 A , i, . t2, . 14, ap. 159-,160; . 100, ap. 73-75'102 Koa M.B' paia pyi ioi i Bei Bii iax (1939-1945 pp.).

Cpo6 yaoo oeyaoo aaiy. - ., 1994. - . 46-41.

40

.,o peoo o ooi epi ..ioy A', BHo 199 pex

oyei |-{epaoo Koie () Koyioi apii pa (o-api; o 1952 p. oyia api (6ioi) pai _ (6)y'i.|952 p. - ) ix poi aepiai.o Hx po opaiaia eeH. oapi pa 6opo6 ypai aioao-BBoH pyxo y 1943-,1959 pp. paei y 6ipy oeaei y oax (epaoo p}aHoo apxiy poaX o6'apa (A0)' , oo ay' yaya o Apxiy K K.

i oye Ma aoo' caei yopHa. aHa-eHo: opo op, oyea, a HaHoi _ aop, i, aaa ioo oep. flay i ioo Hoep pBHX oyioaHo io yepaii pooooT a K i ei oyeie iopeo. o aa BXoy oKyMeHa H BaHoea, i aya io, ypoi oyMHa oo.

.[ioo HoMep oao (K KoapiT pa aa 3Hoepy poTooy aia I.{ a opy yHy' i noaHoapaa. o oaoa paa lXo oTyBaHH' aHaaoopoHo p poooi epai (oa; opo). 1946 p.ioi aaao ooaHH (ooya; oooaH). Bi 1947 p.aHa oaHoB paa a ao (a; apo).

aooax oaHo paMaHHy pioy, o poa, poio-oy a6piap pepeBHo-apax opai (HKB, MB., HK,M), opi ai opiao peai ypaoox aooioaHo LtK Koapi pai (i ep 1953 p.).

ii peTaeHx oei epepyoao 6e opoeH.Hoe (aoe) oaHH i eX H o,aHe eaTHooii. poyei aH ei oHaa ppaaM (...).Aopo o a p epai ypi eHopa yi aHao yBapaHx yKax ([Kpeo o.J).

ai aaHo 6epo eKy, aopi a paopioo6oi eci pe. io yaHlvl Hopa - paeoyai, y)t(BaH ao. e oyei i aepiai o Hx oaHoa ooi yaHX paB y6iai iopx oyei. Opopaiio aai paei 6 aepee. Bai i py aHei aaei p y6iai oa ypBHM iepa, a a6o(" X"). Ta ao, ipeei aH i (opea - iaoo) -io opoBM' ypBHM aM ('.').

Ha Ha oMeH, i, M ap)yao poaHoB' epei oi6 a yaoB, i oKyMH Haac' ii,pal - y 6ipy iopo. p epeai ei BpaoaHo peoi.i

41

a iHUJi oi Ha oMHax' i 6oepeo o'ai i io.Bo iopei y ..pia,'.

p (npgg) e epae' oi peaei y 6ipypoe oaHo aepei ia ei ( oapi paip (oi) He epaeT' oi oo ae i6ae epio(oi) eei ol(yMeHa, p a ea (peo), (oepeoepeo), (ao), (o a oo6l opo), (ia oepHeHHo aoi aH oo6oo eopy K(6)y>' {0o6 eop Kpa. Taa aHa. iae ope) e iop.

Koe oy}4eH aepia ypoBo)yT eeHo, B i aHa-eo i 6epia oyeHa (opoea aa apxiy' Hoep oy,oy' paB, api), p ope6i Ba aei oyei(opia, oi, aiea oi). Ai oei H aHaHay eea oaoB ( Koapii pai, oii i peaioyeH pooooi a opia. BiopeHH oyMelpyapK oo6o He aHaeHo. aaa i pyoHiope oyei i aepiai. iopar po ope 6iaioaT B eeH|.

aoox eax o oioay ey paiepaiTi6ioe Kopey CA.

36ip, ayoo-apxeopaiy iooy oyeiB oMy oHaoap Bo, ipa aeo, pi epo.

op peoo oy ool epii .,ioy A'' po yipo6ia .Ao pa i a Haay ool4oy y eia oiai oyei.

42

H WAR AFER HE WARt

Among th arhivs in Ukraine housing douments and matrials re-|ated to th oUN and UPA (for example, th State Arhive of th SuritySrvie of Ukraine [Drzhavnyi Arkhiv SBU], the Cntrai Stat Arhive ofHighe|eveI Government and Publi Managemnt Bodies (Tsentra|nyi DrzhavniArkhiv Vykonnkh Orhaniv Ukrainy-TsDAVOU), oblosl state arhives), aspeia| position is hld b the Central State Arhive of Non-governmentalorganizations of Ukrain [TsentraInyi Derzhavnyi Arkhiv Hromads,kykh0b.iednan' Ukrain-TsDAHoU] (th formr Party Arhive of the Institut ofParty History attahed to the CentraI Committee of the Communist Party ofUkraine), baus for a long time, party organs played a..leading andguiding'' roIe in the suppression of the Ukrainian nationa|ist Iibrationmovemnt. It is the douments from this arhiv that were sleted forpubliation in this third voIume of the new series of ..Litops UPA,,'beause they shed Iight on the roIe and pIae of part-state and repressive-punitive organs in the battI against the Ukrainian insurgent movemnt,show the methods used in this battle and provide information about thesaIe of this movement and the stages of its deveIopment. ChronologialIy,the douments in this volum over the priod from summer 1943 to 1959.

The period under disussion was a diffiult tim in Ukrainian history.Having Iived through th dramati events related to the end of the war withNazi Grmany, Ukraine Was noW fored to b party to the post-war hostiIrtybetwen the two blos, genera|ly known as the,.o|d war,,(it was Churhi||who offiially alIed for opposition to th ommunist wor|d i a speehmad in FuIton, U'S.A. on Marh 5, 1946). In June ]945, the Ukrainian SSRbeame a member of the UN. This was done at th insistene of ano unoerthe persona| ontrol of StaIin and was from the start a hyporitial andIimited arrangement.

Mosow neded votes in the UN. Further, by supportrng Ukraine in thediplomati arena, th Soviet entral authoritis hopd to ease the problmsthey were eperiening in Western Ukraine, whih had bome a key entre

a

of post-War opposition to the Communist regim. he ation was a|sointended to demonstrate to the intrnationaI ommunity a ertain ..toler-an'' for Ukrainians' ..indpendentist,, yearnings. However, evn this Iimitedand symboli Ukrainian dipIomay provided a rtain advantage: at least,from time to time it served as a reminder that Ukraine existed on th wor|dmap and her sparate membership in the UN (togethr with the USSR andthe Byelorussia SSR) ou|d, with some reservations, be seen as an india-tion of Ukraine's distintiveness.

In rea|ity, this distintiveness Was brought to the wor|d,s attention on|yby the 0UN and UP armed struggle against the ommunist regime, and theativities, begun in Ju| 1944, of the Supreme Ukrainian Liberation CouniI(UHVR). The aims of the UHVR were:

...|. To unify and o-ordinate the ations of alI independentist Iiberationfores of the Ukrainian people throughout Ukraine and outside her bordersfor a national Iibertion struggle against a|I enemies of the Ukrainian peop|e,in partiuIar, against the Russian BoIshevik and German HitIerite imperia|-isms, for th estabIishmnt of a united, independnt Ukrainian state.

2' To set out the ideo|ogial and program orientations of the UkrainianpeopIe's Iiberation struggl.

3. To diret the entire ntional liberation strug9|e of the Ukrainianpeop|e UntiI the ahievement of statehood and the estab|ishment of anindependent state govrnment in Ukrain.

4. To represent, as the supreme all-Ukrainian ntr, the presentpoIitial struggle of the Ukrainian pople insid Ukraine and abroad.

5' To estabIish the first govrnment of the Ukrainian stat and a|I thef irst all-national reoresentation."l

For the former members of the anti-Hitler oaIition, the appearane ofUkraine on th diplomati stage Was no surprise, as this was stipu|atedduring the YaIta Conferene, he|d on February 4.11, 1945, among the |eadersof the USA, Great Britain and USSR to settle matters reIatd to the endof the Seond WorId War and the oost-war order. Another dision takenduring this onferene drew world attention to Ukraine and beame animpetus to the..war after the war.'' his was the agrment to drawPoland,s eastern border a|ong the so-alIed ,.Curzon Line,'' whih imp|idreognition of the prinip|e of an ethni boundary betwen PoIand andUkraine and essentia|Iy hanged th USSR,s strategi position in EasternEurope. For Western Ukrain, this marked th finaI entry intb th USSR. Bythis means, StaIin and his ir|e reated th essentia| onditions for anunompromising attak on the Ukrainian insurgnt movement, whih oper-

1 Supreme Ukraiin Liberation ouni|.Book 1, 1944-45, Litopys UPA, Vol. I . Lviv, 1992

44

Douments, offiiaI Publiations, MateriaIs,- P. 35-36.

ated widI throughout this territory with the goal of estab|ishing anindpendent Ukrainian stat. Af ter Germany's apitulation, the StaIinistregime was able to grat|y intensify its ations against th oUN-UPA andturn Wstern Ukraine into a real theatr of wa.

This ..war after the War,, is the subjet of the present vo|ume ofLitops UP, which onsists of douments from the oIletion of theCentra| Committ of th Communist Part of Ukraine ( PU), housed inthe Central Stat Arhive of Non-governmentaI 0rganizations of Ukraine(sDAHoU), that ast Iight on the ourse and Various aspets of the batt|ewaged against UPA detahments and the 0UN undrground in th western(and not only the western) oblosts of Ukrain durig the 1940s and 1950s.We are ab|e to pubIish her only a portion of the douments otained inthis va|uab| arhive. It wou|d be possibI to produ not onl on, butseveraI o||etions of douments on this sub'jt, with this third volum ofthe nw sris of Litops UP being the f irst of ths o|Ietions. The CCP(b)U doumnts pub|ished hr ar main|y instrutionaI in nature, onsist-ing of deisions of party ongresss and CC Plenums and reso|utions of the PU Politburo, Seretariat and organizationaI offie, as we|l as reportsand other materials.

he abov-mentioned bodies Were very important and influentiaI in theparty's hirarhiaI system. The Politburo was estabIished in 1919, With thero|e of rsolving urgent po|itial issues, sometimes in the p|ae of the CCPInum. The Seretariat was estabIished af ter the onsoIidation of theBolshevik regime in Ukraine by a deision of the 5.h Coinferen of thP(b)U in November 1920. At this time, the positions of First and SeondSeretary of the CC P(b)U were established. Th role of the Srtariatwas to dea| with the reruitment and alloation of adres and moitoring by|oa| bodies of C disions. Th 0rganizationa| offie am into existnin 1919 and was responsible for ongoing organizational work and Iater,matters re|ated to adres, the establishment of r|ations with stat, tradeunion, Komsomol and other organizations in a manner optimal for the partynd improvement of reporting and information. This body was aIso rspon-sible for enhaning the general struture of the party organization inUkrain.

As a ru|e, th CC P(b)U 0rganizational offi onsisted of aIl the seretaries and the dirtors of higher-|eveI republian, administrativ, eo-nomi, union and Komsomol bodies and organizations. Some of the mem-bers of the Organizational offi were also mmbers of the P(b)UPolitburo.

Diret imp|ementation of the disions of these |eading strutures Wasthe responsibility of diffrent P(B)U divisions, whih had their ownhistoris of estabIishmnt, operation and transformation' For example, in

45

Deember 1945, th Western, |zmaiI and ransarpathian oblost division wasreated (the resolution on this matter Was passed by the CC CP(b)U onDember 4, 1945). This division,s basi tsk was to hlp party organiza-tions in party and po|itia| work and to monitor the ativities of theappropriat peop|es' ommissariats in the above-mentioned oblosrs2.

During the sam year, .l945, the traditionaI personeI and propaganda-agitation divisions beame part of two genera| dirtorates: the PrsonnelDiretorate and the Propaganda-Agitation Dirtorate. At this time, withithe first of these diretorates, the NKGB and NKVD division was stab-Iished. ln 1947, th organizational-instrutor division was trnsformed intothe Party organ Contro| Diretorate' his pparatus Was reorganized in1948, 1952 and 1953.

AlI the above strutures foused onsidrable attention on the issue ofbatt|ing the nationaIist movment and what was generalI alled ..Ukrainian

bourgeois nationaIism,'' as an be seen from the douments and materialspublished in this volum. Some of thse douments wre published ar|ier,but the value of this publiation Iies in the fat that, for the first time, itprovides sstematial| a|most aI| the CC CPU's key instrutionaI douments,whih ref Iet the ourse of th battle against the Ukrainian insurgntmovement and the 0UN undrground ntwork.

Most of the douments in this volume ome from the ..spia| foldr,,,that is, the CC PU 16th oIIetion (fond); thos whih wr takn fromother dsriptions (opsy) of oIletion 1 ar nvrtheIess, i most ass,|assified..Sert.'' FolIowing a spial instrution, alI seret sretarialwork in te CC P(b)U diretorats and divisions was prformed sparatlyfrom norma| work, undr the supervision of a spial setor of the CCP(b)U. In eah dirtorate and division there was a spia| seretar whoperformed the seret seretaria| work. Division tehnia| workers had aessto seret orrespondene on|y after a speia| deision by the P(b)USeretariat. Al| opies of printed seret materia|s were registerd with thespeial stor, and the diretorates and divisions had to aount for everopy of the seret materia|s.

The instrutions regarding the use and safkeeping of sert dou-ments from the .,speia| folder'' were tougher. These doumnts wereavai|ab|e on|y to heads of diretorates and division hifs and after this,were given to th hief of th seret setion of th speial setor of the P(b)U.

A speia| instrution governed the way in whih materia|s for Po|itburo,organizational of f ie and Seretariat meetings Were prepared. Divisionswere rquired to provide to the speia| stor registrar, no Iatr than thre

46

' TsDAHO, f. 1, op. 6, spr. 894, ark. 11-12.

days before the meeting, thir notes and draft reso|utions. Along with th P(b)U draf t resoIution, thy Wre to provide an exp|anatory noteindiating who was proposing the question for onsidratio, a brif sum-mary of the question, who approved the draft resolution and the ommentsand objetions of onernd authorities or speifi individuals. h explana-tory not had to be signed by the diretorate head or division hief. Nodoument Was to be more than B pages in |ength. After the P(b)UPolitburo, organizationaI offie or Sertariat meting, th fina| text of thereso|ution, signed by the P(b)U Seretary, was provided to the spiIsetor rgistrar for finalization and dispath to those responsibIe for imp|e-menting it.

Given this proedure, we have deided to pub|ish, in rtain ases, noto| th instrutiona| douments, but also the prparatory matria|s, inpartiu|ar, th nots and reports that served as the basis for speifi CCresolutions. In most ases. the authors of these reports wer CC divisionoffiiaIs or representativs of judiiaI bodies. hese materia|s otain muhimportant information about th prevaiIing situation and speifi historiaIvents. They are va|uabl for researhers and anyone interested in thissubjet, as they reflt the mhanism used for the passage of rsoIutionsby the highest party and state strutures.

Natura||y, aI| important deisions o ations against the 0UN and UPAwere made not in Kyiv, but in Mosow, where th ntra| party and stateorgans wer |oatd. Howver, many strog initiativs originated with the P(b)U, whose mmbers a|ways sought to demonstrate their ..tough.ness'' for fear of being onsiderd ..soft.', hus, on Novembr 15, 1944,Nikita Khrushhv (who haired the P(b)U as of January 1938, and asof February 1944 also served as Head of the CouniI of Ministrs of thUkrainian SSR) snt StaIin a letter, stating that h had instrutd theWestrn Ukrainian part organizations and NKVD and NKGB organs (inFebruar 1941, the NKGB _ Peop|e,s Commissariat of State Seuity _ wastaken out of the NKVD, and in Ju| 1944 they were merged into th NKVD;in 1943, th NKGB was ratd ad in 1946, it was renamed th MGB _ thMinistr of State Seurit; as of ,1946, tne NKVD was renamed th Ministrof Interna| Af f irs) to |ose|y ontrol the apparatus, in partiu|ar, thetehnia| workers, who wer mainly |oa| inhabitants. Khrushhev also pro-posed that militar ourts be attahd to NKVD fors: ..For the purpose off rightening the bandits, upon sentne to death by thse military f ie|dtribuna|s, they shou|d be hanged rather than shot. Th triaIs must beondutd openIy, in the presene of the |oa| popu|ae. Th rsults of thetria|s shouId not b pubIishd in the press,.

t TsDAHO. f. '1, op, 23, spr 1060, ark. 13.

47

Yt another proposal by KhrushheV Was to ..tmporarily bring in,attahd Io oblost NKVD diretorats in the western ob|osts of th Ukrar-nian SSR, speia| ommittees of three omposd of th seretary of thpart oblost ommittee, the head of the oblost NKVD diretorate and thoblosf proseutor. These ommittees of thre should be granted authorit toreview the ases of Ukrainian.German nationalists and thir supporters andapp|y to those found gui|ty the most Xtrem punishment _ exution, withthe sentene being arried out immediat|y.,,a

Interestingly, this initiative Was not supported b Mosow. We see thisfrom the lettr, published in this volume, from the People,s Commissar ofInternal Affairs of the USSR, Lavretiy Beria, to Nikita Khrushhev, datedDeember 2, 1944, ln order to speed up the ass of members of thenationalist underground in the western oblosts of th Ukrainian SSR, it wasdeided that two outsid sessions of the War Collegium of the SuprmCourt of the USSR wouId b heIds. Thus, repressive ations were app|ied,but in a different manner than that proposd b Khrushhev.

Under the ontrol of the Mosow entraI bodies, the..Sovitization'' ofWstern Ukrain was taking p|ae. his was a onso|idation of the model ofsoiaIism that had a|rady been tested by th Soviet regime during the1920s and 1930s, with a ford ama|gamation of a|I sphrs of Iife aordingto the standards of a totalitarian soiet. The f inal result of Mosow,ssoio-eonomi and ultural poliy depended on the ability of the |oal partorganization to ef f etively impIement th ntraI bodies, resoIutions' lnautumn of 1943, the organizationa| groups of party oblost ommittees Werformed. They onsisted main|y of the pre.war workers in thes oblosrs. InApril 1944, th work of the Volyn, Rivne, Ternopi| and Chernivtsi CP(b)Uoblost committes was revivd. During the |ate 1940s, |oa| residents beganto join the party. As of ,1947, fol|owing a speial dision by the CC P(b)U'formr members of th Communist Party of Wstrn Ukrain were prmit-ted to be aepted into party ranks.

Under the ontro| of th CC of the A|l.Union CP(b), th membership ofparty organizations in the western oblosts grew rapidly, In early'1947, therewere 4,000 suh organizations, with over 60,000 members; in arly 1953,ther were 8,000, with over B5,000 members6.

Typia||y, the proportion of party members who were |oaI residentswas very sma|I. The adrs grw primarily beause of peop|e arriving fromntraI and eastern oblosts, as well as from other rep0blis of the USSR.Thus, in June .l946, there arrived 86,749 party, administrative nd Komsomol

4 lid, ark.,l4.5 lbid., spr. 926, rk. 92'6 V.A' smoliy, ed., Istoriia Ukrayin, Kyiv, 1997' p. 332

4B

Workrs and industria|, agriultura|, eduatioal, haIth, and uItura| spia|-ists7. ost of the arriva|s drd not know the |aguage, usIoms or traditionsand mad no attempt to adapt to |oa| onditions or show respet for thloal population, whih had Iong Iived in differnt soio-politial, ultura| andIifestyIe onditions. It was through these arrivals that what the offiialpropaganda aIIed the ..soialist ronstrution of th ountry'' was beingondutd.

0n of the most striking fatures of this,,ronstrution'' was thedestrution, aording to a snario prepared in th Kremlin, of the Ukrai-nian Grek.CathoIi Churh (UGC). In May,l945, under ontrol of thseurity organs' an.,initiative group'' was formed, whih agitatd for aruptur of the union with Rome and justified repressive ations against theUG. on Marh B-10, 1946, the Lviv sobor took p|ae under NKGB ontrol.This was a onvention of UGCC representatives, who passed a reso|ution(supported by 216 prist dJegates and .l9 |ay rpresentatives) to an| theUnion of Brest, onludd in ,1596, and unit the hurh of Halhyna withthe Russian orthodox Churh. In ]949, Under pressur from th authorities,a deision Was passed b the Mukahiv parh on essation of the ativityof th Uniate hurho.

This and other brutal Soviet ations Were opposed by the oUN andUPA. Th mere xistene of thse organizations Was an important politiaIand ideo|ogia| fator. The UPA,s lading ideoIogist, P. PoItava (Fedun)prsented the UPA's politial p|atform as fo||ows: ',| 1944, with the re-newed oupation of Ukraine by th Bolsheviks, the Ukrainian pople werefad with the questios whethr to voluntaril submit to th oupyingpower, hand over to thm a|| the hard-won gains of th Ukrainian independentistmovement and bury th ida of an |ndependnt Ukraine or defend them-selves, with a|l thir strength and to the Iast man, defend the ause of anlndependent Ukrain, defend the nationa| |iberation movemnt... ThUkrainian people have hosen the seond path, knowing vry well that it isa path of xtremely diff iult struggle, a path that will require sarif ies' ndregardIess of this prospet' tens of thousands of the best Ukrainians joinedth UPA and enterd th undergroundg.

This is why, at this time, the authorities fousd so muh attntion onpropaganda ativities intended to disredit, divide and uItimately weakenthe Ukrainian national Iiberation movement. To begin with, in order todisrdit the Ukrainian independentist movmnt, Communist propagandists

7 sDAHo, l. 1, op. 23, spr' 2654' rk. 146.8 tor more information, s: l. BiIas, Represyvno-karaIna systema v Ukrali, 1917-1953,

Book one. Kyiv: Lbid-Viis,ko Ukrain, 1994, pp. 291-334.9 P. PoItava, ..Kontseptsia samostiynoyi Ukrain i osova tdetsiya poIityhnohorozVytkU suhasnoho svitl,,, Poztsii ukains'koho vyzv|noho rukhu' lunih,1948' pp.51-52.

49

rati th formu|ai trm..Ukrainian-German nationalists.'' W se thistrm Vry frqunt|y i th CC P(b)U propaganda doumnts pub|ishd inthis volume, For examp|, in th organizationa| 0ffie dision f Fbruary7, 1945, we f ind th fo|Iowing point: ..Prmit the LVlv P(b)U ablostommitt to publish a o|letion of materiaIs on th bruta|itis of thGerman-tasist pIudrers ad th Ukrainian-German nationaiists in the LvivobIst.,'10

This propagandist approah was usd by on of th main orgnizers ofth anti-nationa|ist ampaign' C CP(b)U Po|itburo mmbr, Dmtro Manuils,ki.|n his sph of Januar 6, 1945, to teahrs in th wstern oblos/s, h firstiistd Ukrain,s historia| nmis: ..arrogant Tutons, grdy Hungarians,the boastful Polish nobility, artar hords and Turkish janissaries,', thenassertd that they had bn.,he|ped in their blak deeds by suh riminalsand traitors as Htman Mazepa.',r1

Thus, th model Was rated and into it ould b fd various enemies,th first of whih Wre the ..Ukrainian-Grman nationaIists.'' The obvtousabsurdit of this formuIa (,.Ukrainian-German,,) did not onrn the Commu-nist propagandists. Th asribd to th Ukrainian nationa|ists guilt forevrything, in|uding the fat that th Germans did not nd an indpndntUkraine. Manuils'ki's p.rty logi was hop|ess| metapnoria|: ,.The Ukrai-nian-Grman nationalists had promised the popuIation that with the arrivaIof the Grmans, they would govern Ukraine. But thir mastrs spit into theirfaes with ontempt.''12

Further, aording to ManuiIs'kyi, .,Ukrainian nationIism Was nVr na-tionaI.,'13 th oUN's intrnal strugg| was a..battl among diffrent {origint|ligene srvies'', th nationalists nVr ra|| wnt undrground _..thy

Were snt into th underground by the Grmas, wh wanted to pla theiragets bhind Rd Arm lins'']o and Stpan Bandra was arstd on|y inorder to ,.rate an aura of martyrdom around his nam.,,]5 of ours,aording to formu|a, ther was mntio of th..Halyhyna Division,'' and thntiona|ists' brutalities. It v;as now undrstood how offiial propaganda wassupposed to dpit the oUN and UP, espeia||y for th publi of WstrnUkraine.

Th party's propaganda sterotps bam a standard Imnt in thdouments of th Communist spia| servi. This is learIy refltd, for

r0 sDAHo, t. 1. op. 9, sr. 237, ark. 56.r1 D. MnuiIs.kyi, Ukrains,ko-nimetski atsionaIisty na sluzhbi u fashysts,koi Nimenyny,

Kyiv, 1945, p. 7,12 tbid, p. 12.r tbid., p. 18,14 lio., p. 20,15 tbid., p. 21.

50

ample, in th doumnt omposed in August 1947 b th deput had ofthe 2nd NKGB dirtorate of the Ukralnian SSR, Past|niak, entltled,.Dire-tiv rgarding th riminal ativity of the Ukrainian-German nationalists inthe wstern oblosts of the Ukrainian SSR.,, Desribing Bandra,s arrest in1941, the author notes that ..Undr th irumstanes, the Hitlrites wrfaed with th thrat that rank and fiI oUN membrs nd thos mmorsof th pub|i apable of bearing arms would join partisan dtahmnts andwage armed struggIe in the Germans, rar... A way out Was found. TheGermans made a|| the oUN organizations (,.Baderites'') i||ga| and a||owedthe oUN to rat th UPA (.,Ukrainin Insurgent rmy''). Through thismndaious manoUvr the not on|y defletd from thmseIvs th blow ofthe national masses' but reatd a for to fight against thos e|mnts ofthe popuIation whih harbourd anti.German feIings, as wlI as against thpartisans and the Rd Arm.,,16

hus, it appard that th UPA had been stab|ishd with th permrs-sion of the Nazis. And the fat that th UPA fought against th Nazis isexp|ained in the doument as fo|lows: ,,on|y aftr th UP was obIigd tobrak up into smaIlr units and th oUN.|adership'Was o longer able toexert its influen ovr a|| the smaII dtahments did individua| UPA units,at their own initiative, attak the Grmans.',17

he doument desribs kil|ings of Poles by UPA soIdiers in 194 andmass kiIlings of Soviet war prisoners, party and state ativists and Jews.These ations, states the author, aUsd dissatisfation among UPA soIdiersand they began to desert...Many rank and fil UPA bandits bgan to joinSoviet partisan dtahmnts of omrades Fedorov and Mdvediv. TheHitIerits and.Banderits'had to find a wa to rat the notion among thepubIi that the UPA was rea|ly a..Ukrainian popIe,s army,'waging battlewith the Germans. So UPA ations against the Germans began to bstagd.,'18 When w read thes party and speial srvie doumnts, We seethat they are saturated with ideoIogiaI stamps and sometimes for politia|-ideo|ogial and mobilization-propaganda reasons, evn distort th real ourseof events.

The douments from the ommunist Party of Ukraine olletion that arpubIished in this voIume lar|y demonstrate how important the part andstate leadership of the Ukrainian SSR onsidered propaganda in ounteringthe oUN and UPA. Their intention was to sow ioubt about th possibi|ity

'o CentraI Arhive of the ltrnaI Fores of th Russian tederation [sntra|,ni rkhivVnutrennikh Voisk Rossiiskoi Federatsii -sA VV RF], f. 4BB, op. 1, d. 226, |. B; mirofilms ofthe douments a be found in the University of Toronto Iibrary, as part of ,.he Peter J.Potihnyj C letion on lsurgey nd Counter-lnsurqe in Ukraine,,

17 |io, t.84.18 |id' |.90.

|

of suessfuI rsistane to th rgime and distrust among the populationtowards the oUN and UPA. his is shown b the appeals to UPA so|diersand the Wstern Ukrainian oub|i rorodud in this vo|um. h text of thefirst suh appeaI from the Prsidium of the Suprem Soviet and th CouniIof the PeopIe's Commissars of th Ukrainian SSR was ratified by a CCPoIitburo resoIution in February 194419. At this time, the westrn oblosts ofUkraine wre still oupied by Nazi armies, so it was deidd to pubIish thappea| in |eaf|et form, then drop th |eaflts from airplans. Th txt of theappeal was a|so read over the radio. Simi|ar|y, |af|ts with an appeal ..To

the partiipants of th so-alled .UPA' and .UNRA' wre dropped from theair, not only over western Ukrainian oblosts, but also over the Zhytomyr,Vinnytsia and Kamianets PodiIski ob|osts, whih were also stiIl oupied bythe Nazis. In this and subsquent appea|s, UPA soIdiers were promised..ompIete amnsty for their srious rrors, their past misdeeds against thirFather|and,', if thy voluntariIy swith to the government side, ..rnouningaIl battIe and hostiIe ations against the Red Army...,'20. ln realit, thoswho beIreved these appea|s found themselves intrnd in amps, and thosewho agreed to ollaborate with the authoritis were used as provoateurs.hese people wre Iater usd in estabIishing the so-aIled speia| detah-ments of the NIGB.

Appea|s to the wstern Ukrainian publi wre mad svral more times:in late Novembr ]944, on the oasion of the |iberation from the Nazis ofalI Ukrainian territory; in May 1945, on the oasion of th vitory ovrGrmany; and in February 1946, after the eletions to the Suprem Sovietof th Ukrainian SSR. These appa|s wer pub|ished in all newspaprs in theWestern Ukrainian ob|osts and thir texts wre broadast over th radto.Loa| party ommittees wer instruted to familiariz th ntire populatioWith them. And very appeal repeatd th promis that th authoritieswouId b meriful to those partiipants of the Iiberation struggl who hosto ..siner|y repent of thir rimes,' and work honstl.

As the douments show, the state of poIitia| and propaganda work inWestern Ukraine (and, in fat, in alI Ukraine) did not arouse muh optimismin Mosow. ln Sptember 1944, the CC of th Il.Union CP(b) passd aspeiaI resoIution ..Conrning shortomings in poIitiaI work among thpopu|ation of the westrn oblosls of th Ukrainian SSR.,'on Novmbr 22-24 of that year, th P(b)U Plnum took p|ae in Ukrain. |t examinedthe progress of this resoIution,s impIementation and am to th on|usionthat ef f orts towards its implementation wer ..stiIl proeeding sIowl. ''21From this time, many party douments, a larg part of whih are published

19 sDAHo, f. ,1, op. 16, spr. 757, ark. 1-14.20 lbid., ark. 2.

52

in this voIume' Were onerned With the subjet of propaganda work amongthe popuIation of the wstern Ukrainian oblosts.

However, the areas of ativity of the part |eadership of Ukraininluded mor than just propaganda d agitation among the wstrnUkrainian publi, on January 19, 1945 the CC P(b)U PoIitburo ratified adraft order of the Ukrainian SSR NKVD..Conerning the registration of thepopulation in th western oblosts of Ukraine.''22 On Marh 24,1945, th P(b)U PoIitburo returned to this matter and passed a rsoIution..Conern-ing registration of workrs and offiia|s i industria| and transportationestabIishmnts and in Soviet institutions of th Wstrn oblosts of theUkrainian SSR,,' whih instruted part organizations ad NKVD and NKGBorgans to ..take deisive ation to root oUt hostile |ments and |oseass for them to establishments and institutions.,'23

As a result of these ations, th authorities managed to detai andarrest almost 14,000 peop|2a.

And they did not stop at this; from 1945 to January 1, 1946 ation wastakn to register alI vi||ag inhabitants agd 15 and ovr in WesternUkraine. This deision was ontaind in the C CP(b)U Poiitburo dision.,Conrning intensifiation of the battI wrth Ukrainian-German nationalistsin the westrn oblosts of Ukraine,'' dated January ,l0, 1945. The purpose ofthis ation was to detrmine the exat wherabouts of every itizen. |f thisouId not be done, the person in question Was automatiaIIy assumd to bea partiipant of anti-Soviet bands, and his reIatives were subjet to repres-sios, that is, arrst and deportation to Siberia25.

he doument also required the appointment in vi||ages of pop|eresponsible for speifi setors and of ,.ten householders,, (that is, repre-sntatives of 10 househoIds), whose job wouId be to monitor viIIage omingsand goings and se who provided |odgtngs, food or other servies to UPsoId irs.

As noted earIier, the earliest doumnts in this voIume date from 1943-1944. At this time, armed UPA formations Wer a signifiant military fore'Various resarhers provide differet data about total UPA mmbrship atthis time. Petro Mirhuk, a researher of UP history and ativitis, wrotthat ..whn the Soviets arrived in westrn Ukraine. the number of UPAfighters was lose to 80,000 Ukrainians anl 20,000 foreign e|ements','26 tvanBilas, who believes that UPA mmbership reahd its pak i ar|y 1944,

21 sDAHo, f. 1, op. 1' spr. 668, ark. 5.22 lbid., op. 16, spr. 29, ark.28.2 |bid., ark' 199.24 A. V. Kentii, Narys borot'b OUN-UPA v Ukraini (1946-1956), Kiv, 1999, p' 10.25 sDAHU, f. ,1, op. 16, spr. 29, ark. 5-6.26 P. Mirhuk, Ukris,ka Povstans'ka Armii ,1942.1952. Lviv, Prosvita, 1991, p. 51

53

estimats it at Ios to 45,000.,. In November 1944, the German serviesprepred a mmorandum about th UPA, in whih they noted that it wasthe military organization of Bandra,s 0UN and was estab|ishd at th endoI 1942. Aording to the German data, in Novembr 1944, the UPA had60,000 armed soIdirs28. To varying xtnts, UP dtahmnts ontrol|d aterritor of up to 150,000 sq. km inhabited by.l5 million people' The stroveto estab|ish illega| nationaI state strutures as alternates to the organs ofth Soviet regime.

|n 1943-44, UPA detahments Were onduting battle opertions againstGerman soIdiers and poIie, as wlI as against Soviet partisans. For thisreason' the first mentions of th UPA in party douments appears ininstrutions to ommanders of Sovit partisan detahments, who are toId todestroy UPA detahmnts, pIant their own people in insurgent formations inorder to undrmine thm internaIly and ondut anti-nationaIist agitationamong the IoaI popu|ation. aking aount of Rd partisan experiene intheir battI against UPA dtahments, the P(b)U Po|itburo passed arsoIution in ugust 1944 to transfer Sydor Kovpak's partisan division tothe NKVD,.to be used primaril for rapid eIimination of nationaIist bands.',29.|t was at this tim that th infamous speia| groups began to at, ommit-ting vio|ene and abuse under th guis of being Ukrainian insurgnts; theirmembers, in their first phas of existene, onsisted |argly of Red parti-sans (|ater, thy were joind by experiened f ormer UPA soldiers andformer Seurit Servie representativs). on June 20, 1945, in the westernob|osts of Ukraine, there were 156 spial groups, with ],783 mmbrs,ating in th ro| of ..Bandrits''30.

Th sa|e of the resistan during this priod is shown b th foIlowingof f iial f igures: betWen 1944 and June 1945, 93,6,l0 ..bandits'' wer ap-tured, while 40,395 surrendered voluntarily31. ln the seond half of 1945,upon instrution from the entraI |eadrship, large UPA units were re-organized into mor ompat, welI-armed units quartered in forested r-gions. In viIlags, a large ntwork of underground ombat groups (10-15members) was formed. All of this posed a serious threat to the rgime.

Th doumnts from 1944-45 spif a sries of onrte masurs fororganizing the battle against the UPA and the 0UN underground. Anexamp|e of this is the CC P(b)U P|enum rso|ution dated November 24,

27 |. BiIas, Represyvno.kar|na sstema v Ukrayini, 1917-1953, Boo on, p. 245.28 V. Kosyk, Ukraina i Nimehhya u druhii svitovii viini, Paris-New York.Lviv, 1993,

p. 445.29sDAHo, f. 1, op. 16, spr. 27, ark,11.0 lu. Kyryhuk, Naysy z istorii ukrains'koho ntsion|,no-vyzvo|'noho rukhu 40-50-kh rokiv

X sto|ittia, Lviv , 2000. p' ,190.1 sDAHo, !. 1, op.76, spr. 56, ark. 1,11.

54

1944,.,Conring the progrss of th imp|ementatin of th CC Al|-UnionCP(b) reso|ution datd Sptmbr 2i, 1944 ..Conrni9 shortomings inpoIitia| work among the popuIaiion of the Westrn oblosts of th UkrainianSSR.', As notd earlier, this doumnt Was devotd main| to mattrsrelated to propaganda and agitation work, but it a|s instruted the CP(b)Uoblost ommitte and roion ommi|te srtaris of the Westrn oblosfs to.,intensif th battle against nationalist bands and aim to destro the|eading adres and the so-aIled.Surit Srvie'.',jj. It mntioned the nedto stablish and strngthn s|f-defn groups ompsd of loal ativists,enhan sere during the preparation and ondut of operations andprovide he|p to NKVD and NKGB organs. he main par.ty bodies rpeatd|providd suh hlp throUgh deisions on irased rruitmnt of NKVD andNKGB personn| for wok in the wstrn oblosts, as is shown by thdeision of the Organizational off i dated Dmber 2] ' ]944, whih isoublished in this volume 31.

ln January 1945, the P(b)U PoIitburo passd e rsolLrtion ..onrn-ing intesifiation of th battIe with Ukrainian-Grman nationalists in theWestrn oblosts of Ukraine.'' his resoIution ontains a broad plan of ationaimed at ativating the anti-nationa|ist batt|.

Aording to th plan, the Lviv, VoIyn, StasIaviv, Trnopi|, Drohobyh,Rivne and Chrnivtsi P(b)U oblst ommittees, NKVD and NKGB nationalommissars and ommanders of NKVD intrnI and border fores had tointnsify the batt| with nationalists in ordr to use the wintr for the fina|destrution and elimination of UPA dtahmnts and the 0UN undrground.

Thy also had to improv organizationa|-politia| and propaganda-agita-tion work among th Ioal popu|ation and improv their ffrts to reatand extend a network of Sovit agents. h resolution stats: ..We ndvry rapidl to gt to th pint of having an agnt in ever populatdentr.''34. The doument dmanded wide-sal.reruitmet of loal inhabit-ants as agnts, one they hav ben heked and found |oya| to th Sovitregime, and of formr partiipants of oUN organizations. h agents,primay task wou|d be to..unover oUN ntrs in the^ross of organi_zation and the whreabouts of bads nd their pIans.'',.,

VilIagrs Wer not permittd to have outsid popl in thir housesovernight without the prmission of th viIIage ouni|. Self-dfene groUpswere formd in the viIlags; thir job was to dtain anyon arriving in thvil|age after dusk ad take thm to the village ounil. A distrit mi!itia man,assigned rsponsibility for very two viIIags, was to nSUre th appliation

2 lbjd., f. 1' op. 1, spr.3]|i f 1nn Q cnr]4 |i,.t t 1 n 1A ^rvY, 'vt !Y'5 lbid

6B, ark. 8.226, ark. 31,29, ark.5.

55

of these measures. Inreasd vigi|ane was demandd, and aII the prepara-tions and ondut of operations Wre to b kept stritly sret. Ther wasalso a a|| for inreased repressions...Ever manifstation of bands shouIdbe met with repressions, and deportation of famiIis of bandits and ku|akswho orovide assistane to the bandits shouId b intnsified''36. Extermina-tion batta|ions, omposed of members of the |oal population, were to bestab|ished in every roion en|re, and if possib|e' large viI|age, as wlI asgroups assisting the batta|ions in evr populatd entr. As of April 1,.l946, there xistd 3,593 extermination battaIions, with 63,000 members, inthe seven western oblosts of the Ukrainian SSR37.

he rsoIution a|so dmandd an intnsifiation of atrvity and initiativeby ommanders of units of internaI and border fores in the batt|e againstinsurgents. The lader of the NKVD internaI for in th Ukrainian region andthe leaders of the bordr fors wr instrutd to..punish ommandrs whospend their tim sitting in peaefu| vi||ages and pratiing th tatis ofpassive defen,,8. he ommandr of the foes in th Lviv regio was to|dthat aII miIitary units quarterd in popu|ated entres Wer