t(AHyAHH

A j D,.t

opoa po yAi aioaioo ii:

iopaii oKyMHK K(), o6oi apiT,

HKB.MB, M.K

194.1959

Ka pya: 1946-1947

io A

oa epi, o 5

NationaI Aadem of Sins of UkraineM. S. IIruslrevs'kyi Institut of Ukrainin Arheogrplry and

Soure Studies..Litopys UPA'' Publishin g Hous

State Committe for Arhivs of Ukrinntral Stat Arhiv f Publi Assoiations of Ukrain

Litopys UPANw Series' Volum 5

Th Struggl against the UPAand th Natinalist Underground: Infrmational

Doumnts of the Cntral ommitte of tlrCommunist Party (Blshvilr) of Ukrai, Party

obkoms, NKVD-MVD, MGB-KGB

1943-19s9

Book Two: 1946-1947

Kyiv 2002 Tront

Haioa Aa.i ay pa|y ypaoT apxeopaii' a lxepeoHBa

i. M. . pyKoo HAH pi.Bo,,io A,,

.Qepxa oie apxii pai.L{epa epxa apxi poa.Kx o,a

pi.

io AHo cpi, mor 5

opoa po yAi aioHaiHoo ii:

iopaii oKyMeHK K()y, o6oiB apiT,

HKB-MB, M-K

1943-'1959Ka pa: 1946-1947

K 2oo2 Topoo

i ipai oyrile iopii 6opo ioo pey pooo ioao-oorr py)qr poo 1943-1945 pp. i oi epia iopio-i xpep i 6epia y o {epooep)aoo apiy rpox o6'lr pT (ouroo Apxiy [K KoapiI). flo 6ipa yiLr oy pary erproo oiery Koyi,toTpii (iruoi) pai, o6oi piT, ox opi (HK, HK).

fl iopi' piii, 3ai y:ti. ryeri ix, xo it, iropiPi.

The ok ontains doumts dpiting the histoy of th slgglc ol the stalinist gimagainst th UJ

60-pi oaHHpaoT oaoi Api

1942-2002

yaopo oo oy e aepa eey

oy e (10.1 .1918-5.3.1999)HapoeHa c. pei, o'.Qopo eep oa,

B M' oo ooialaa eeya (6''191 +28.8. 1 990)

apo)eoo . lopoM (opi),p- Moapa' o. epoi.

his vo|ume of is founded by Kateryna P|etenzuknee Szwed (1 0.1.1 91 8-5.3.1999),

born in Ketsiv, ounty Dobromy|', now in PoIand,in memory of her husbnd

lvn Pletenzuk (6.7. 1 914-28.8. 1 990)'born in Dobromyshl' (Bobrivnyky),

raion Monastyrys'ka, ob|. enopi|'

* *li

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M!

opo6a 6e opoii 9A Stugg|e without ompromises ............. 29

1946 ........ 5Summar '.... 286

1947 ........ ... 289Summar 504

.oa .... 507

oPoA oMPoMiiBr

p !pyoi iool. i (,]99.1945 pp.), oai aKoo|\4Ko| Taa iyi oii, io p i oHM paaiepioi iopi B, peo o pKx i y ii. HapoeoMy KoHHi oia aop xapaKTpyaaoeHHM poi oyiH ix api ,,io,, opiii yio.oioy xi py xix p. L]epi a xii poi. aax p o a pexM aK aHX ,,HapoHX eopi.,,iopoai Moi. 3axa ooia Ma, o aioaooaoBHaHH paHy .K poi Aii.a Ap. o o ep)aBHy axi o ioBa e |'4pt1|\'4 ao, t MoBopoT. H aMoB po i pii.

oa i.aioo iop .Q' oa, ,,xe xia aHPCP, paa o KopoH, aaa y oi pi'. lT ooBoHaM 6 xi paia i p6ii py6i,,. Aop 0o6Boip, o M axii pii po 6opo po oiHoopxy aie Hya, apaKepya XopToK||' o ia.lo 6 p H oKp yoK, pBly iBoHH a ya pai'3,,.z

Cao, Ke opo Ha axioypiHK TpHa iai iooi i, yxe Haao e, K io iypii 1920 p. pi'i i oo x pooo oiy o . po o H Ko. py, pB o ioa ooap, BpooB iox poi pa pyi pa.HKy . Aeoi ioKa, o i 3|, B x .ao BopT H M o H K 3aoHa , HeoH o 3MHoaH ieo ioeHM HpaloHoo KeplTBa.

oa e pa pol]K pHKoi.a, _ ypi.poio.BBoH p, _ BBB Kpa opalo iioo, 6i ieooi.lo aapoaHM, opoi y pia y _ y iy opo p)KaHy eexi pai.. A ooyo , o o p y axioy pioi y Boy poopxeiop o oo ipy - p oBHK p|, Kaopaa Ha oKo poayxeHy pe)Ky pTHo aKoH|poHopi opiaii ypx aioaii x ai.

io, e yi o i i Hio iiyayp aMoiH pyx i oo oo |^ _ A, y i y

l Kei A B Hap opo oH.A p.ii (1946.1956 pp ) K ' ]999. - ', o - ..

9

|\'1p|1 a op. BeHi | , p.HH poBy yKpa iHKXoBaHi i iii. oii Kpe oo i, ii oyH i A epeKo)KaTe no iy,o Hpo.HooootpBa xix ox p'i, HeHo aM apoBoo ypoo Hapoy, paBM i oyiHoopeMy BpeHH Ha IoB poMa.K|'

A Moa, pya ii ol' iooi oyoi, xaapay lv, o poio-o p Ha axroyMo. He Ha HaHy payMo y aX i oax, poopi yKptHKoo BoHoo pyy

r .Qoye 6e (Mo opy lt,4oooy) l.].QAo pi, 1, 2. p 185'apK21-224

o |e iv, .,l0. _ 1946 p

10

oiHo tBV1 y MyH, oKaa oHoHi Hai Ha poyoyHi A, o M |'lJpoKy ipy axioypiKoo HHH.a oiyi aioaF|i poiT oHoe poi Paoo Coy.

He a oa yo oxi oo, o aoiilvlaHH ypt Mo)(y opaT ooo ioi, i axixopai. ooi oi oB,yBa ioo poooKoHoo p,p.iipa Beor pii'.pr y yo (A)y epei 1946 p., Ka 3aoKyB aH ,,xooo', i ix oio3HKM o ipli oaiii.

oao y oMy oi oxe y ip |4 p|ypai.x oix oyoBX ii y ii 1946 p. i o ,,Bioi, ep,,. Aop aaoo T HooI.]Jya Ha oMy, o pipoox iox poi o ,,aB opo yoo Hpoy poMoKoBKo-iooi. oi i pai,,, a ao,,paBaHo BK poipi ipia y paB i'''

aoy oi aHao, o ,,H iioo iooooy Ai iAep o i Pao Poi - e oHa paBa, eoHoaHo y iip Hyy ioy i poya o popB HM y aHoioBoMy M|.!a6i, ep yix apoi iy,, iooBo eppoi, ,,oHoHx Pao Poi, o i i oa y.e axaa i ioi i oi pii ioi popai,oi, ioy H a y,'.5

Xo i oBaH oM H To i ix ii BP, oH iA, e oH, He MoHpy aoi o aieoi' ioy itta oi oi ooMo yKp | HK M a oiKM l',{a HHM oy aiX epx. Ta, oiioy oyi oH i o,,oKy i 26.]0..l945 p'''' aoHoy MB iy 1946 . a popii,,pooo.i oai pe N/aTpii poo oH Kpoo p,oopo, o BHy oi Paoo oy pa axoyaMe oH e HeH ooixoo op, e MoxB npi py o-pKHKX i ', aoi ooi' paii.6x,,.6

nna e ^o\/

'* Ml)KHapolH| |HoH, K| Bop l B|oBoIi, pI Mo)Bol lpMHH t ot yKp|HKoo BoHoo pyxyBa|/1 Mao epKH|\4|4. pi ooi poK pi p po,3a oB iooo ta ioi poi .e, ,,oyi apopHo o,, i aao taBo, o .,peN1o oiy yiooy aai,'x a.7 opi oo, pi oa xix pa yBo oHiooii ioi M paa o,o, o ioi x apoi epya i oi o oiopoi iii, y iipa Pa Co y popoi pxaB oT,,ii,,.

5 Kei A.B Ba p - . .46 3 oy i 26.10 1945 (l]Ao pa i' .1, o. 23, p 2968, p. 170.175.7 Kei A B. Ba p - . 5.

11

H pa pio i a.i a poi aioaHX peoioeoHx apoi Paoo Coy, i pB.oo, oi io po epoi a lVloi. Aoyi.liaioi pyx B pai. ail. (ai, a, oi), xo.l i oy6ioa, poT H a aopo, 6 yo H a piHo Poy oi. i yo paya i , o oH iH Bo BHy opi opo po paHKoo apoi HTpaH, ix i xi poi pt'

ox, o,H pH ypiKoo BoHoo pyxy,oxy o ii epaxHo xi pioo, a aMHa aM Ho iipo oTyo, o y a o Pao, i 1946-194] poK a o axx poya, i a Ha.o yKpaIHK oBTHi t iir.

aa pio y ioi oil BBoHoo py Baxio peioi pai.H Ho oa XpaK. a ii yeHX iaoi (6po - i iaxia, ppi) i.ti 6oo ie a He MaB aHoi K y opi po, aK I B Ha.|poy, opt io opaBHo-K|TKM opa|Mia yii pip oooBoo Kat yHoB, opaii lpM Mo ByH aHptHKoo MH, B olv1 |ri oH t , pooo BHl-i i i oi iiii a lxix ai y ii iii xii paoH Poooy, oy>H aoo-oiH a iaio-poaaHlKpooa ep HHH aiHoo peioy, pMoaHa Ha ioi oH i A,ip |Hoo By Ha Ma. !o opo po aMoioo pxy y.li e pii i popoi ia HKB, a y aiioi peypi aH poo ApiT, oKoBHi y i.H oax\/,/^-i,,,, ; ^,,,,,..,,,,^--,,,i A---.yKpdIH, | BopBHI H MIX HiI HBHI UdId,J]oH(,,p'6',),

lpo eoi i i opo oyi.loo pexMy poypi oai i iii Bi o a, o poo> 1946-1947 poi ipo, oppo i epapi K K(), oy i io po PP, p oH 40 oao, pMoBaHx y i iiopi a oaoH pyeHH poBy oH i A iiai MoBo ooo py.8

epi yap o aX BBoHoo pyxy a BaT B>e 3 KiH1945 p. a, ,l pyH 1945 p' o 10 oo 1946 p. po opMa iii oH yo poHo 1552 ioi i opao-KiKi opa||,HloK Kx paHi o ipaopa po HHH 4,2 .oai iiii, XoHH ooH ip 9,4 i oHi A, iiai 10 pox op.9

8 fl ,,io A Ho pi. oM ,,opoa po A i a]oioo i: pioyMe l-iK Kopii pi 194.1959,. Ki-TopoHo, 2001p

9 eop ol-l epepe o6oo K(). o oype HKB.,HK. oyx oeHI.|l oKpyM 14 ep 1946 . LlAo pi. 1, o 2, p 2884, apKl-181.

12

Ha o 1946 p ao oyioo pMy, poi pyHH yKpaIHKoo oiKoo pyxy, io o,ya iooo opi o Bepxooi' Pa PP, y K pJe a Bya i pioi, p.HHX o Paoo Coy

.l99-1940 a ,l945

poKa, y o ri aix, |al'oi, pio'i a apoioa. i ai io H.aBa Hoo oio.ieooi.loo HaHH, o ,r.i yi aepeHH ao oB epixapoo ioo pHl lai oo pHHX peio pa.HKol ., oKa ooii i oxi oy oii ipix

ii 1946 p opaH HKB.HK peo pip ipyi,roH,,B ai oo aK H opi o Bpxoo'i Pa PP" (24p.H 1945 p.), a.peoaHo opx pepa poaH.aioai opaii. oy oyi Bo aBaFiH poo ] oo . p' poaH.Ky i po yai a opax.]oBooa p aXox iii a yi x pia piyx opN4 iooi po ip oH i A i pio _ Tpop i Mo ip pooy op.l oii,oep popHK HaaJToBHi e i yi y opli aii.

Moi a Ki iii Koa He Bop|4 ii oo, o poBeeHHopi y xioy pioi pai. iy aH, a poi.

o,ixi aH yTpiHy piyr poB BoHoo pyy. ! poitHHy KBHM ByaM aioii yo pio Bp aai i epooi. pii', ooi y ii i papiiox oKpya. 1 p 1945 p' ep Kpep K K() M.pyoaia o MoKB ooiy aKy, i oioB po KBiai oyH i y axioy pioi pa y 3.3Ky iooo opi i poi ia ioj'i papKol BiKoBoi opy. oo3 oKyMo, .Ci oo, HpKo|vT oopo PP i paa pooi apii' i oxii Xo'11 Hi oiT poao Ko. Bx a oaKy i 194 p. y ,pKi oiypaippoi iooi opy, poai oi ii pioKpy, aHo, o ,,la oKpy oaBH aBaHH iryK oH-A popi iol' (p |ao-piol.o.),Tpoi oi, i pi ol. oa.,,r2

p i aHaHM, Bio pa papaKoo Bo 15 i 1946p. HpaB o Papoy pai poK oaHo po e.HH Haepopii aH oe BoHHoo ay. o e po y ipaHapoao oopo PCP, e eHp .o oo

'o p 11 ..o opoy oo K t1lN,4l topo Bepxot o P,,(QAo pa, . 1. o. 2, p.2968, apK. 9.11

rrBoooo.A piy i pei. oi oppe .B i epe poioi o Kx. K 2' 1990 - 414-415

'2 floye 6e (HKy ooe 8 p oKoHKy opy yxpey)'1-.{!Ao pi, 1, p' 2960, p. 10.12.

t3

ooxeHH M. XpyoM. oHaK Kpeap K K() i oo py PPHe HaBx a po1

Hpeoi 6opi, a aM 8 oo 1946 p', lVl'Xpo, pooio i apix opi po aK|ai alott1 ,ia pM eKpapM ooi K() xix o' Hl-'tKo6ax ypi HKB iHK i 3 Moo ,,piya til .ii a HopMaH i, 6opoi oait.,,'a a poolaepeHa a Ma iayHN,4 a|"1 i ioi poopya A i ii oH, Ka op)Ka Hy ,,oT 6oat''.

ii _ ii 1946 p. Ha popi.i xi oe yo poiooa 500 pioi pypHX aTH epooT pit, o o MHe 20 oi, H pay i HKB. opa,52- api Hpa-oKoBHKa K.Kopoa poKappya 1101 apio Ha pHx iol',.Qpoool i, oo, Ka, _ oior (ep _ Xa)oa, i to 28 ii. 800 apioi i ].]0 oixapix py, y KX HapXoBo a 25 . ii, a 1-aapi eepa-oKoHK M.yo.r5

.Qo a B aa 59 BHyBaHi6aao,i y opi axi oa i a ao .l i 1946 p o,ya ol' aB oHl 6 , i i a a poi 201 ,1221aoi, 4420 io'16

pe raa epoo't apii, ia HKB a BHyaHla Bo aB.aH i ta1 op.li tii i op/oK poBHH opi, a i|v| t\ BBt popo opa A i ii oH

a a iooo ypioo ipa 'aooo, H poBetHH opi i ix t pa.HKa opoHa, ao,BaBa |po |,4 BoHoo pXy o 600 . oi! |V]ix pi oBTaH\,4 i ii iyo

,]500 o i i,

x oH i opaXya a 5 ooi, a p ioiK 15 ooi17

ooo Hoo yapy yo aaHo o opya A i iioH a popii io'i oai, K x i 1944 p. poaaio K TBp.H BoHoo pyxy. laHM paoi opo, xoi oo-BHHX opi 1946 p. H pH ai 6opopoMeo 6B opya A i iioo 145 opaii oH, HHo

l poeK ooe ooeH Boo o ppKoo BoHHoo opy -p,l946 Ao pt, .1, o2, p2960, pK1.16

'a .Qoy e (epr eKpp ooo K() rx oe P,HKM oype HKB! HK) 8 ep 194 Ao pi, 1, o16, p1,p'75

'5 eop oH epepe ooo K(), o oype HKB!,HK' oayx 8oHHl oKpyaN,4 14 epa 1946 L{!Ao p | H, 1, o 2, p 2884, PK 1-181

'6 ee o HHo oopyxe pex aoo aH| oeKpaF]Ko P 1 pe 1946 LllAo pi, 1, o 2' p 2966, p 51

r7 o |opi poo i lpy ooBHHe HH K , 1991 ,]5

14

]86, oHo oo i apeoo 00 i oH i A, iioai.too pyxy.'8

ai BpaT oH i A popii ,Qpoooi oi.Bpoox i.i Ea6 p. opa HKB.HK io ia pooApii poe po oi iiii 494 opi'r', xoi xBao po6 41 oo oH A i iiya 112 opei oH,|'t ]489 ooi'19

po ax aH, y KoMy o|tr , i A, ira iooHoo p. Ta, iopaioy oioi ,,oe oH yKapaoy pai.,, oop: ,,Hai ,ap yo o oH iA pio ,l,l.01.,l946 p. o 10.04.,1946p'' o 3aoH MB aoy yia axix oa pa. pio A oea ooi pa i oo oMeHy pea 6y ooa oH,,.20

Kp aHoB opBao oX pHX, e iaepo pii.iHKB a oi'r.oH iA.,,B p.lax oaioo aHoBa y Kyi opyi,, (21 i ]946 p.) oioo,o,,ail, ooo y oy ipi, po H, y yxe i. MoH .yx ai pa B t. L.{e o pHo oo, o pooa|p||a aBoMaTHo. Bio oo pao i aao ,i,,.2l

24 oo 1946 p. poo.oyKoB py 215.o piKoo oKyi HKBC y paoi opoo iy (ai) aaKBa pyy oaiy lr ,l0 ooi, x ii a pyi o. ep 6 6iioa op py ,,op i,, A- xi B.Apy (,,pi,,,

,,Piy,,), oH ioix opi oi. 0 p .p. yoioy paoi lpoooi oai oHa MB apaoi KoN/aHp TaKHoo i ,,Nz]aia,, A _ ait .Bio(,,Apio,,, ,,ia,.), iooo ila 3HP . Biooo. HaaayKHy ooH, ,,Apio,. Ba>Ko opaH .22

a oa BoHoo pXy i.o pepoHayy oi oyKao pii ep oH i A o BHHH oxixKopKB y KTK i op pooi opo. aa peyaMo or, poi oH Kpaoo p (p, lpooa.i i pi oi) ,,Pop., ( Me) y pei i 22i ]946 p, opyBa ar 3a.aHH iopoax oyitii A i.ix opei oH: ,,Heoxio a ra iy,,oi,, pix aBaHp i pi poiy py i al,loBopaM yopKyBaHHM HaoI poa.HHoI l pyHoaHo| y | aMpyKyp, _ pa ptyo. 3, 1||/ i iroi i

. o o poeao p6oe o KB.a a ypao.ex |lol]o oHoKooooaeppoPoo61946r l-l.Aopi,'1,o2,'p4914,ap46-12

19 Ke A B' BKaH p _ 15,0 Ta ao _ .14',] Kei A,B' BKaH p - 1422 o o poeHo p6o o KBl|ta 6a ypo.HeMK l-loHo

oyoKoo oo li eppop THKo o6 1946 p Ao pt, 1, o 2,o 4914,ap46-]2,

15

aK , o ipa '..poi , i peyai ,,Mooo HK,, io i oao oae, MoBo ,,ipyx,,, a [o a i y .qooMoy oo Ho x pya HH.'. Paxyi oxi oax yapi oyai, epia opiaii ' i a I.JJ|A ''.'' 2

n^-^..-,aHKa opoHa o oN/lHo po|HBa opHIpy 6opo oH pyxoM y xoi io i poopi o BepXoBHoi' P PP. .i iy ,,Mooo Hyy,, a oHi A ooop oMy ,|946 p. Hapa, KKHa y oi. i payaT, pi pix yiopi, paHK KoMaHyBaHH iio'i a papaoi iox oKpy, opaHi HKB iHK.Bal l] aHoMy ipai, p Kpap K K() |V.poaB, o A, a o oo aoBo oaHKolo opiai, ,,Baaio i e iie,'. H oo yy, i A Hioo ,,H Lllo,pi opx popH py, pToy py 1, 2, 3 i, oy.' o 20.0 ai.2a

|\zJix, HB a i pao).Bat, yi i l, a aKo)K BpaXoBy oii pa oH A, ox iBHoKy, o -K xoi oi BK-Hai 1946 p. | BBoHoopyxy H y ooo oi i po pa po.eoHpyBa Boai o tlJKoo io Boi o.aHol.

6ll qi .nn^ |/ - pHKa IyKplHK, - o.p|3Ho o|HBap3yTT opi o Bpxoot Pa PP, i ao Ta oHoHoepe.yoo BeHKoo Hayy oH i A a, tyH iop.ao, o io i oH, , o aao oyei,i ,,ipxy a BeHapoHoo oo opi,,.2s oo o,io y pei Bepxoo Pa, Pa. HapKoMy PP iK K() i,]0 oo 1946 p. aB, o ai ooyBHH noKaa, o pyixix oae ooo o a patHKy B, a ypaiiaioi ,,aHa iooo po | H|Ko| ip ep HpoyH Ma i He ,,.26

o poya iyBa oK opy oox opi, o oxa iBHoBKy, o op Be-K iy, o ioK yxixe axo. l o6aa aa o,H|v api oeHH opo oH i A. H iT i 6 oHoo pyxy poo>BB i iopi. Kepiy K K() Bao o6 o o pooxeHH piy KopaHH i epooi, pii' po ypixoi i tii.

po opo, y it-epi 1946 p' a popiiaioo pioy opaHal MB iN/, ypii ipopo

2] oy i 26 10 1945 p .Ao pr, .1, o 2, p 4974, p 170-]752a eop oe epepe ooo K(6), ao o6pa HKB!,

HK, KoMyx oe| oKpyM' ]4 p 1946 . |-l.Ao KpaiH, 1. o 2' p 2884. pt-181.

25 o e aa pa' _ ,]726 Kel A B arr pa - 17

16

BiKaM yo poeo 42175 ioo-ix oepi, iox o 277, aapeoHo i xoo B oo 64 ea oH i A,Ho 7225 o pol.zz op y 194p. BHyaHi aoi 16907 opai npo oai i iii, y peai ooBo oHa oHy y i apao 5410 oi, oB,aH BoHpyo|v, axoeHo 292 oi poi'.28

He Ha ai pox ai po oH i A,pio y Moi oBao HooHH HKM pyaMoo i, poHX Ha peHH poy p oiiiii.3 MB PP, a pio 1 p o,l5 p 1946 ppii ia |VBC opaia axix oax pi 2124 aipo .li oH i A, o ylai yo ayeHo ax 100 . iiA pya x axoi BBB o ioo i: axoeo i oe 48 oi!

Ha y iipa ypiix p PP, ai iypiix i lV] B y opoi 3 oH pyxoM oHa,HaaMp, aoi p,o i i oy raio ypai |VB, iyi pipX HypHx aH po ioai opa A i oepi ii oH. p.oKoBHK Kpo axaB i oi'x iex H epea xioo peioy pai'oo yyHHH a3HaHX HolK|B l op|B |e Kep|HBopo oo ioli ,, pBH KopaHH i pyaiooor ioi i tVB, i py y l,XHoy oepaHoyiopy i,,,29

o x a, H H o, poa paoi'Topo poopi oH iA ai ipi oBBa i popXyHKa MB-M, e 6 io ix i xox i oi a iii.

a .x o, Ko HaK paoi Ba. Ha o pyxay ix oepi i o pep, pep, pio oH i po a iopi oaii iii oyiHoM pxN4. io, o pBapa oopoi, ei iy, yHKHHH oT paaM/|av| poHKa HTHo BB oai opy A,poi oH24 pBH 1946 p. BB .o BKoHHH ,,|pyi po Ha>HoaeHH ioi pai yix po| a,'' i piyeay>Kya eil oBaH iii, y oM i aooopoX KyoB i.tii, i, pyar oopoi, ,,apyi Hlv, i T ooa'',Ta TaH pe, Ha .yMKypooa oH, ,,opo ai 6poi i i ioo ooHH.Ti poi yp apMori iixi poM poy io, ox pix He y xi yii,,.

27 p o oo op6r o-A H eppop lx oe P.14ep 1946 .Ao p[H. 1' o2, p2966, ap24-4

r.Qoyee(Mo KBK() opyaP'|/B)Aopi,p2966,o 89 -9]

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, pa Baa,,yix ptx opH|a| |B|KoBi,, oi.i i BHH o aH i xooopi, ooo| ooHoi p o ipao, o ,,ox iti,Ko) o pLJ]oo,i yix poii i oapi,, 0

oi axx oopox or pioy ,,ol oK oyi..loopMy pKHo pHi o opMHH a.lo't laKl

ooot ioi. oao y oMy s,Ky Moxy i pooyoH KpaKoo p ,,Bi Ha opiai i i oaH oBKoHaHH,,. o oi HaooLJJyo, o opo,, 6 6 i i io, 6o a Mo p pee , ae pi.i H ,i oi xo io, ai, HoKoHH,,. Bii oo,yai oN,4, a oaN/, po|v, paHKM aHKaM. Bo oxa ooMa i poaKoy aKB oH, xoya oKoo poy i.2

onl aortzti ul noLr) a:2 rrrit'*- paHKa aa yB||oMa 3M|H y aKl, QopMaX ITo. opo oH i. oii K K() i 14 p 1946 p.|.Haa po aK|a| oHoo py, oHa peHia 1946p. Hai yio i pio oai ii i o'ioH aii (279 ai). Aiy ooy ii BBoHoo py' lX aKH|, aBop aHo| oBlK pHo ooBBa/] o a, o oBHi iiiz pe o i pipyaM oo-1i, i pop-Ii K npo Hoo a. io oy, a MKy Koapi iopi, ,,opaH MB, M,ypii i popoi i .o oo ay H peyya Bo pooyBi. aKBHX io opai to oKoo aHTypHoo popoHHoyio.o i.;,,. epa ya Ha oay, o ai e

Tooo paoy Tpoioj' oi, y i, aoy A,opaa oepHa pya oHKoo paiiy HKBC a oi ooHaHKo opo o. Bi.o po,HHoo o ooi pya ioi 2 oi ya a'5

a KoaHBaHH piix i MB PP, poox 194p. Ha popi axix oa p yo iio 1619 ai ooH i A, B oMy i i epi a popi i poooi, o,txioo ooapTa _ 75; ai ipoii iii MB i M _78, a oai ioiepi epooi pi _ ]2, vei yaHaoi _ 24' a apix paii a aii _ 08, a paiaiipai o - 50.6

Haeei ai B|, o | ltyH| HaMaHH paHKoIt oK| B Kopo KpalHK|v BoH pXo, l-tB Ha Ivo| |, B|B|| MaHM. oir Ho xix oa, oiioy Ki i HoBKy, o i ipoKoMaa6 xoi o iiaii opa A i ii oH iva ioo i poe opi o Bpoi Pa PP, apiiopaiaii, opH M B i M. xix oa pa BB|aoaoKoH| | Bp Hl, oa opoy ypiHa|oHa|M, a |M Mo>l peyy o| aB.

Koapii NHK|/| yio, o Kp|BHBo BBH pyo o px ox api i HpaBtaH BpaT |Ho aKKyoool ioi, po o i piM pyaM i ooi, po.laKH Ha TpopHt aK poT ap|Ho-pa.HKoo aKB, paHop M| HaHH B|l KBHoI y.li y ota pd.QHCoKor Ba.[

K K() B) oMKo| | |JK|t|\,l o, oKpMXepii xioo pioy, o, io, ooi N i A popoi, a ir pix py oBHi ii.ii, i e opopopieo i oi paioaHoo KeplHB, H TaHoB 3apopoa oiaioo yiH. Hoio oiaa iiHyp|H|X a pKopoHHX B|K, pMoa Ha py|.!eHH poBy BBoHoo pyxy. Bao ypoi i , o o oaHHoo H ao iiy poi poo. oH i i eHpaHoopoo.y opHl||, K| Kpy | Hpa .'ll oBTaHlB | l.|HK|B

oy a ai oa, K K() 4 xo 1946 p yXB^^ .-^' ' A^^^-' ^,,

i - .^.'.''lIO(|dHoy ,,lIpo aH oopoo | Ka yKpaIHKo-HIveKioaii y xix ox PP,,. .oKMHo MB i lv1, papiooi ipaoi api oo,ya oi ltooio ioaoKoi opoi aL].JK opya A iii oH ia6 a oMo ix oor iiir. pe oaH.yBaHHMppao iooi. opy o aB.HH op oepaBH|py B | M|BoT|, ole| po oool tioi oi i

]5 Kei AB 3a p - 2616 aMo _ 29

2

iii, i iya opoy N|\,4' ooi yo po ix axx axoi.t7

Bo aHaHol oTaHo iao aoM ioo 6opio BpoBHoi Pa PP A oyo ioi o i pixi o.o oaoHo| iiii oH i A. Ha o.ry 1947 p. y HaHHKraX axi oare pai o y poKappoai ioiapio B iopii o oKoaoTHotvy B,K (; gr,.1 oo .p. i, M po iip ypiix pa PP T.p.l ooi, o aTH.zo MB i Pa"

peyoM pooT aHyp.,, p oy o i.pao, o aKoHM iio o op piHK M. 7-1 6i.A1

o oi ioi TooHo yixi y ooHoMy pyiiio.oaKoo pyxy Hoy B|B|B pei. oH i A,H3B) a p pi yMoB |Hoi, oy poeMoHpyaoK ai | KoHKpT i ip paHH opoo)KeHH opo' Be y epei 1947 p ooii iopix i H apey epoo Kpp K K() .Kao, i' oo MoK o,ya ai BK pie ,,x[oypaopoe,,, iiao, o i yKpalHK oi ,,hoT yxaXapaKTp t poi, ooHN/ HoM, po ooapKo-oiTHaxoi ioo aK.,,Bo, oopo y a.aHi i, HaaaT Hai BHyaHx aoi, oo i poot ipa.a2

T, ie _ pe 1947 p. pi Xepe ii 272 ail o oH-A. p o ipo, o H opo ppoi ii oipy, aio oo o oi i po BTpa paHKo| TopoH o laa peioi, aii Booo pyxy H y|o-oie aoopK x xioo peio, K K() y ye a 5i 1947 p. oHoy ,,po o opo i aa yp't.o-i ioaii y xix oax PCP,,. iilo B.HH opo opy i ii oH 6oy apix opii axix o a Mfl, ipao, oopaH pxe aoi o oy i poo i oo-ei iopi' HH H KX 3apy peyaHo. pa aa a .oi 6oooo ioioo Koy ii BHoi.

K K() xla i pix opai i.Hoo pioy M PPao i pii axo. yyHH iix HeloIK| l eey opoy pai BoHM pyxoM, Bpaooy yay Ha eHH aepo.iopMopKor poo ioyepoi. oao oo,aa opaH pxe,,a axi iop-a ii iiai iix x p i epixepi oH y o epxy,,.a

H apo ooo oo, o paHHH oo KopiHoopi Ki a iop- ii oi ypi BoHMpyxo yo i i, K epoBo ii, oi i pooo ii He taBa ioa ia Koa)Kx oi.a a 3oHoo pyxy, ii opy A i ir oH, op xi o, oxoBa, aKoo, epe Xopoi.,apoi, Ka,-oioi, Kol i piiol o6ae.

4l Hopao Ka epooo oo K() o xo opr ypKo-HeKHaoa 21 ep'1948 |-.{.QAo pi, 1, o'2, np 5045. p'28.30

.2.o a o ooH 6op6r oyot oo oK a A aatx orx CCP 31 p 1947 . |.{.QAo p.i. .1, o 2, p 4964, aPK66--]4

r io A HoBa pi o 3 ,,6opo po A i ioioo ii : pioye l-{K Koapii pi 194.,]959. Ki, Topoo, 2001 _ 269-270'

22

op, pi oi 1947 p' pooo ii i 467ai, o .li 75 a popii ax o. a ol XpaKpoMoi i y.l oH i A io|' 'o, pBaHo (o 6 o/"),oopo XapaKp ii Hal ai aHoB o 1 o/o i,aHo| ioi ix i |i po _ epopi, aoxii poooi it.aa

H o.ly pBH 1947 p. p peap K K() Kaao iilV, ypi . ai. Xo aoi oipo K K() i10 p . p oBop, o Ha i ypi.li 6 opr't'ai ai ooHooie i.ro-o'.Ho-o BoBa api i opo po poiypxyao-aai.lol iooil, o.HK H o y yii, o Kpi o | po o,4H pooo Ky ha oll py, oiKoHaHH aaHol oao K K() i 5 i 1947 p, aoxx ixi

Bp XapaKp op oH i A oyiM pxMoM, poo i oit px ooHHX poi (194-1947), oa iB|.o|\,4M aBHH|\,1 ylai oHoo pyy | X BpB HaeHH, ot |plMya, o r.i paioi p)KaBHo| | Moo| t't palorpaiaii B tx poi oio xpia ai, o poae opHHoi ix PP i axoo x xM oM oio pB opooo oiy ip i ypiy paBy. |-.{o oy pi iya poii ii BP, oH i A.

oox, KoBo B pei pBH 1947 p' iyo oe eaoxiox ia i oooo iooo A. Ha po, r ioo'i i. oo io-oiHHM oH i Koo poBK o.i a: ) oxopoHaopai opoi pr; ) ooo.i oio yai ;) op Boo opa A i opei oH ay.oa i poii pat .o pXo Ho-K|B.

Pao H B , ai yMH.oio 1941 p', oii poi ,,oi,, pi pyao poiopya pa tiHapot o H|oHaHoo MoBHHH | epxaBHoo iHaHH, HaN/aap i a pi oi, t Ka H H Kop ypa,ioi'paB ,y yo po pi, o Ko o-pi,i p p i op.lo MTM popo opyaA, o i oo Na y H i 10 o/o 6pot' iy x t.x vaio poa. Ha oy ii o ipo, o Ha HopaiHiypii i, oxBo, oH,,i ao io.opo}i)KHloK MeH,, o oioo oooi t'tl. oy pioH i A a opia ,'po p oip,,.as

po pai yi opo BBoH pXo i MB o|V., pooa B oM 194-7 p.,.o oB K oH iA, l' oi aia oi'ii, o ooo o oi

,a o e p .,176o5 Ki A B Ha np _ 4.44

2

ii ii 1947 p' a poo oi oHKaB K K() a 2pBH 1947 p. (io Pato Miipi PP) oaoy ,,po oieoiol.i ooapoi' po6o ii, Caiai, lpooi,Tepoii, Pii, Boi i epii o PP'', a 17epH 1947 p BpT a aiai oipo K e oaoy,,poxi opo i a a i ii ypaio-HIMKX ioiiy ix ox PP"46.

oo oox oi ya KopH Boa ooiepio opo i po ii 3 Mo oo opi,poy oo yBa Bpaa Ha oxii opxHHTpopHx i po prHo-paHKX paIBHKlB a pa.HKo-apioo aKB, H aXT KooHoo a i KooHoo ay. |-.{KK()y oo,, 3oKpMa, ppi ooi pii'i rai ypaio|V!, aiBKo|, Tpoiol. i Piol. oa eo iioi axo. oto o opo oBH i i.iHKaN,4 aoMo pHHH | popHo| .lHo|.

oi oHX opyH i i opa M 20 p o20 o 1947 po po y ioo.i opai , iox yo oi ao oo iioao 67 iix opiai oHi poo 2 ooi o.i A, o 750 ooiK 3 a epixapi, o, axoHo B ooH iaapoao oHa. ,]0 i oHiA oi, opi iopx y ipi 3 oHM iiia.,7

op , i opB i 20 pe o ,]0 xo 1947 po

popii xix oa pi, apoBaHo aHpHKy.ii 68 oi, 48 ieioao ypaix tioaii.

Booa, Mo iiil.ool a oHoo py, y ii paoPaoo Coy yo BeHo o 77 ooi (262 po) ie i oH i oi, i BHyaya y ipi oaii i.ii. Ha p .opoBaHx y p.li ia, ia1944-,]946

o.a8oa i p, H B li 1, pL1ei

ao ooo i opoo Ky, io H Bao 3apiaoi opaK a ypai'Koo BoHoo py' pi ooi1947 po yaHK pooo ii i 58 ai, o yo i,ix a py ooBHy poy. p oM B,K iooo opi oie Pa yai oo yap poyB po

,,pio-

p.HKoo aK',. a 20 i pytH 194-/ po aHyo ]3 oi

a6 ]o yA. Ho epi o ,,opo6 po A i aioo ii: pioKyMeH K KoN,lij Kpi 194-1959p,,Ki, opoo' 2o1- 277-281,284-286

a7.Qo o poe ptx op oo, ro, .,pooto,epooo, Poeo' Boto poo e o |oeH M oHoHK K() oBe Mpo P o 20 194-] o, ooeo o Bopoy K,a'4 o o oK eKoo x e L].[Ao pai, 1, o 16,p32, p79.386

a8 i | 3a pa KHa epa.284

24

ippi ix Pa, 12 a.i yeyTaT, lei op oii,.l0 pax paii.49

Hei iooi o ii ai, iHx eHaM oH iA .1947 poi (1 ooa _ 46],2 oo _ 58), oa y xeyi pai .aKoKoo. T o, a aHM KoMHyaHHypiix i M PP, y xi ox PCP a epio yoioo ,160

,,apo,', o6o 1,5 p ie. Hi)K o Xepaooo pxy.50

Toy BHo, o aM apii poKy, oai-pyi, oi. ixpo i.i i opaa o ooo p apap. aaH| poi opoH, y e epio 42.l o, 3oo oy BpeHo ]90 ooi. xepa oH iA pa ioiy pyi ooi 1947 po Ho 475 6, i - .l77 ooi.s'

iyo.l xi opo po pooo ii po.oX poKy'opii HoBHK Ki xo i oBa, o ,,apii opii'i,opaH i i M xi oe oi a o aiyaopoy,,, o yei BHa, o .Qpooi, ii,Piei, Caiai i Tepoii oX ,,Mar ie poaioi apoi i oe opo i aa oH.A.'

Tpaa pyoo Kpap K K() .[' Kopoea i .l7 pyH1947 poy Ha apy ooi pii'aix oae BMoo |oopoy po pooo i.i aia, o i 1947 po pi6io oi' oiyoi' i xo epeo H M ypiooB3oHoo pyxy'

oii i , po i o Be, oKao io6paxi ox5-o ,,ioy A. Hoa pi,,, pooBXH 4-o oy, oxe o i. l-.li oye i pei opo oyioopexMy po ypioo oHoo pyxy pi ooi po.Hx H ypeXy oi a ieooi aap,iopaii oKyMHT K K()y, ooi apii.axi oT, opiMB i M, poKypap, papao ioo opy, ayxiiep i io PP 1946-1947pp. yry i .XpoM BeHH iopii pi'Koo pooo i.i a oy opoioopo6 HM pHoi'a.

aai apio.pai tpa ot' io iopopoBl Ha Kpear ypi,oo ,tolKoo pyxy xioypeioi, HaBa oo yi ,,ypao.ie ioai,' i,,aa,,, Haoo|'JJyloT Ha oy, o oBHi i ii He apooi ip oy ioo HaHH a iH. oHaK i a x

a9 op o xoe opr 6a H| o P, e r Ao Kpl,.1, o.2. p 4964, p.t94.197'

50 Kei A B p - 445|o e p -178.52 o o oe op6r atx o P L[!Ao p'i,

1, o 2. p 4964, apK.194.197'

25

HeHiHX o oyiKoaHi oKyMH pKoHBo .oBoTMao| BoHoo pyxy, o eaepH a, o oHoBy opyA i ii oH ao peHo-ii e ypiooa, He ao)H| pB HaeHH, K po p)yaa palKa po a Hia.

.Qo, o Bxo..o ipHKa,.a t]]poK yeH po opo ix KoN/HiHoo pM a yKpaIHKl\4po ii, poKpB TKK i op oox i oox opi,oKy, o y aa oai i iii yo ao ooi, aia o >TI a loHeH iooo iey _ oypaoi. aoio oopoi epxa.

poooi ai 3aiKaBHoo .oKyH iv po6poi i ep xpap poop, 1po BoK MpHioai i iii, K| ao.yo |1Ka y.apiB pBa>

6oi; ooi.i K a V| opai poKypayp po opyeHo|a|THo| KoHHo|; aX lHlTep | lo - po Hoi a o, aooi. i oot poMooi, iooiiopii' Ha HoB o i B,Ky, a paii ieopai.

ai oKyMe Ma He i ayoy ri iopve>peo, e o Ha3a iopai ip, o ixopix ypia i pi Ta Boii ei oyH.yA,pXH o HX oi, oa paoH a i yHK, o,i KHM i ypKoo pooo ii.

Aoi KEi,ooBH oxopoe oi Ao pai.,

y)KeH paiBK KyTyp p,iBoop oK,peKop Ao pai,KHa lop HyK,

poQop

,o ,oo oy ,,ioy A,,, pooxHH 4-o oy,

yio 1,l3 oyi, ix to K K() opHa apio ipxoi, Ba, HKB-MB, HK.M oKplv paK ipooM 1946-1947 pp. i pi oKyMH epia oxL.{epaoo p)KaBHoo apiy poMaK o,a pai (Aopl.), yay o pxiy |-.{K K.

.Qo Ma aooBK, Kai opK, x ioaaHo opo HoMp oKyea, oo , apaH ( pai, oHM y oepo I.-{K K()), aop, i, a it HoN,1p.o.a BXoy loKM yK ip oMo io, iy io, ypoi apiaa, ao axox o l.{KK() oo.

ii paBH oyi i o ipa e opor, ooMy o6i. e i H, Xo. MaHoi oioi. oaraKoo, po o aH i oyi. Byi a|4 eioHaa poM pa ('. )'

i MKMHo pxe KK, opi paopioooi i. i.o HopMa ioo paoy pei aepXH opopaii a yyii o, epaHe BxHHK opilx .iiTpHx . pi eMaoopaBHoo epta HB HaeHoo yHKy paHe HaaHHHoo y oop|HKo| pMlK.

5a Booo ,o'

27

e oyi i aepiai oao a ooi yaH paB iiiiop oyi. Bai i py aN| KlB Ha| .BoN/aipa y BepHo pii a o (" XX..) ipi aH KT(opea, iaoo) io poplKo iep. pai p, poK,o x iope aH Ky oaHHi, . po|rH lx a,o.a KBapaH yxax ([X] )

Ha Ha /oKyMHTax, poii (o o iopy ii),6 ipi y .,piax,,. T aMo y ,,pix,, oio, a oi' yo 6o aio oKyMe, il y p rB.sa : (i opHHH o aoT a|1| oooo KopK K()>, , at1|..,.B pxr,'H B|Bop

o o y ina, i |oN, Ka poa,p y)KK _ (po). o i Hpo pi ii, eoHa aKo)< 3 .ooMoo tyxoK - (-) poal o,lex,p.HX o B, oaT l pi

Ko oKyMHT ypoo)Ky Ho, i HHo i ooepia (opov a apiy, HoMp o, oy, paB, apyi),BK3!C ,l' .QoK!Hi (op-i, aipa

A sRUGGL WlHoU oMPRoMlss

Th nd of th Sond Wor|d War (,]99-]945), whos |st ord wasth pitU|tion of Japan, undrsord on of th most dramati priods in th1-.1'1qr of mnkind nd Id to radi| l"angs thoughout th wor|d. on thuropan ontinnt th po|iti| tmosphr ws marked by an intnsifition ofth ro| of th ommunist Party nd other |ft-wing partis in the soio-politi|Iife f n;mbr of Wstrn ountis. Th r9ims of s-a||d,,popIe,sdmorais,,,whih wr subordintd to \4osow, am to powr in entr|d asrn urope, as wl| s th B|kns. he oIonial sstm bgn ro tottr,with dozns of ntions in Asi and f i striving for nation| s|f-dtemination.hev std tln {or their riht stte indnndene hv nef rrI mans orarmd struggl. h |mour of Wapons did not s in Ukrain ithr.

Aording to th |tlian historian Giuspp Bof fa, ,,aImost th ntir Westrnpart of h USSR that Ws djent to h bordr ws f|m in gurri|'a tirs|.s nrinin| l^nt qnnts rlie Wst.n Ukrln and the B|ti rnr,|is,,Th utnor.+.^.^. i^ ^-.-i-' |..

. at i h rm]

agin5t Gemn, wre b| duing petim to onentrt hug fores inordr to sUpress the resistan of the Ukrinian insu9ents nd onspirators.offii| KrmIin was uteIy ognizant of the ft tht th tivit of the oUNnd the UPA wou|d impd the prosss of rbuilding the onom in theWstrn oblsts of Ukrine, exrt ngativ impat on th mood of a|| thUkrinian peop|e, and reate n unpleasant impssion on world opinion for theommunist rgim.

At th sm tim Mosow, whih was t th znith of tts mi|itary might,refusd to kon with th ft tht th revoIutionry.liberation movmnt inth westen Ukrainin tritories rstd on ma55 bas' and its rsistn wsmuh geat than Was assumed. Th Ukrinian ommunist ]edr NikitKhrushhv Ws Vry muh mistakn whn h wrot a letter on 15 Novmbr.l945 to the ouniI of People,s ommissars of th Sovit Union, sayin9 tht throut of Germn and Japan, the stngthening of th Sovit Union,s mi|itary-onomi might, and the growth of its intrnation| lout wr rating onf usionnd f|ings of doom mong th rmnnts of th oUN and th UP detahments.

Mnwhi|, |ading irles of th Ukrainian libration movemellt (th UkrininSuprm Libertion ounil, the oUN Leadership, th Supreme ommnd ofth UPA) inded feIt a rtain apprhension bout th ft that after the end ofth world War no o|Iision had tkn pI betwen th Sovit Union and itsWestn aIIies. However, thy dnt|y dsird to bring thir rmed struggleagainst Musovit BoIshvism to a vitorious on|usion.the hivmnt ofUkrain,s indepndn. hratisti in this ontXt Was n arti| published in.]946

in the oUN nWspapr ldia ihn by key figur in the Ukrainin SuprmLibrtion ouil nd the th oUN and th UPA Ptro tdun (,,Petro Poltav,',,,VoIins,kyi,,, ,,Svr,,), whih was entit|d ,,E|mnts of th RvoIutiona Ntuof Ukrinin Ntionlism.,,In his rti th uhor mphasizd that th,,tieprinipal mans of the libration of th Ukrinian pop|', must be understoodaording to th strit dfinition of the word,,war,,, jusI as th nemy, usir-rgthis vry mthod, W onquering Ukrinian |ands. But this is not to b ,,front-line w,,in whih th Bolshviks wouId hav undenibl 5Uperioity overthe fors of the Iibetion movemnt, but landstin war. his wr wouId bwagd by th oUN, whih ws built upon th pinipIe of mi|itar disipIine ndtransformd into gnuine, ombat strik fo of the Ukrainin pop|.

tousing attention on the fat that ,,Ukrinian nationa|ism has nvr mdny onssions whtsovr to th oupirs,,, ,,Ptro Po|ava,, emphsizd ht,,Ukinian ntion|'sm rejts lusiv|y |g|,'wf r,I mens of stru99l s le^";^.;^^| *^+L^l. ^J .trtl| f r thc llkrini:n Ilritd Indenndn[ ${3[gPl|||L|oI l||L| |Uu) v| )tIu9|q vNlo|l|||| v'||Lu l||u|\,L||u||IUkrains,ka Soborn Smostiina Drzhv.USSD],, nd disively rf utd h thsistht the,,indpndne of th Ukrainjn pp| wi|| om s rsu|t of its,orgni,, paf u|, ,automati, vo|ution toward indpndnt xistn. Noi singl nation, dlaed Fedun, hd vr fred itseIf ,,without n rmed struggl,without vitims, without an attempt to librat jts|f t no matter what ost.,,a

] Untrtled doUment (Moskv. Tovrishhu Molotovu), sDAHO Ukriny, f und 1, |ist 2. fi|e.]85, fo|s21'224

a |di i hyn, no. 10, 1946.

0

The deisiv stn of the rvoIutionry-|ibrtion movment,s ruIing ntrsnd thir frvnt dslre t ontinu th armed strugg| gainst the BoIshvikgovrnmnt shapd th unompromising haratr of th Ukrinin insurgnts,rsistan to th ommunist rgim. Rgardlss of Mosow,s signifint supriorityof fors and rsours, th ldrs of th Ukrainian libation movement |ookdoptimistilIy toward th +utur, |ing thir fundmnt| hops on thestbIishd might of th UP, whih ws boIstred by th broad supprt of thWstn Ukrainin popu|tion, nd on th ntiiptd nationaI revoIutions ofth nsIavd po|s of th 5ovit Union'

Th |eadrs of the Ukrinin |ibration movmnt |so onsidred thpossibility tht thir strivings f or indepnden wouId reiv outsid assistn_f rom th Wstn dmoris. 5pif i xptations wer |inkd to f ormr BritishPrim Minist Winston hurhi||,s fmous ,,Iron urtin,, speh d]ivrd intu|ton, Missouri, in Mrh 1946, whih |aunhd th,,Co|d Wr,,btwen thef ormr lIis in the anti-Grmn o ition

Signi{ianr wi|.in his ontI is an opn |tter enti|d,,A Rp'y to Mr.hurhi||,,,wh.h ws Wr;Itn by a group oI |d.ng Ulrinian aivists in ApiI1946. h Jthors of th tr mphsizd that fo th past 5V. yrs in|||,..i^^ ^ ''.^|^^+|^.-.-.Ilfln ic h.n tldl hrl h nira nnnt r|tinn l^li..+UNId|| | d ||lItlr)> )LIu99 L|j Ul || vJo9ul uy L'IL !||L| L PUPuIuL|v|| d9d||15LMusovit.BoIshvik s|very and tyanny,,, whih hd in ft,,attindxtrordinrily larg dimnsions and hd bn trnsformed into re| wa.,,

This doumnt indied ht ,,bf or th war, th pIan f or th |osst poss.b|mi'itr a|'ian of Eng|nd and A.nria with Sov' Russia is on thing, but rsistnto B]shvisrr mUs tk pia t he sm tim, s w|| s prpratins to daIwith it summari| n a gIobaI lv|, aon9 a|| th pop|es of th wor|d,,,partiu|ar|ymong ths pop|s who ar,,ns|vd by Sovit Russi, for th Bo|shviks,strngth r wknss in th imminnt, nW, disiv, wor|d rkoning, whih non wi|| 5Ud in vding, wilI b dpnd on thir stan',,5

Aithough non of th ky ativists of the Ukrinin 5uprm Libertionounil, th oUN, or th UP signd th bov.itd |ttr, without ovrt|maniiesting thir dirt intrst, on the wro| th did not.ejt th utiIity ofWstrn assistan to Ukrainian strivings fr indpndn. Thus, a onfidntiaIoUN doumnt ntit|d ,,From a Rport Mad on 26 10 ]945,,, whjh th Ministryof Inrni Af firs Ihenfoward VD] ptured in th summr of ]946 on thtritoy of Drohobyh oo|st, mong other matrials | tl^ ot.JN Ledeshi ofth arpthian krl. sttd that for the oUN th vntua| onfIit btwn thSovit Union nd th Wstrn untris wouId b imprtnt onIy as n auxilirfao. But th possibL rriv| of th Ang'o-Amin amis in Ukrin,,isdsirab| f o our libation strtgy.,,6

Howvr, owing to th intrnationa| |ations tht mrgd af t th SondWorId War, th rl possibi ity that th Ukrainin Iibrtion movmnt wouIdobtin outsid ssistane appad high| unrtin. Aording to th w|l-knownGrmn int| ign agnt Rinhrd Gh|n, in th first postwr yas ,,thommunists bm a prgrssiv fr,,,nd to mn it smd that,,th

5 Kntii, Nys, pp -46,'Zdokduvdni 26 101946,,,5DAHOUkrin,fUnd1,|]st2,fi|e2968,fo|s 170-175

1

Vitory of Communism on a g|ob| sa|,, was imminnt.7 |n ddition, in theirforeign poli tivity lading Wstrn irls hd to ekon with th objetivf t tht their itizns wre under th obvious inf Iuen of th histori| missionthat th Soviet Union had rrid out whi| routing the fasist Axis states.

his priod a|so mrkd th foundering of hops that nationaI revo|utions,whih were supposd to |ad to the wekening and ventua| o||aps of thntral 9overnment in Mosow, would burgon in th nsIavd Sovit ntions'A|though th anti.Communist ntionl movemnts in the Ba|ti ountris (Ltvia.Lithunia, stonia) wr ving for the Bolsheviks, they nev had f undamntimpat on th internal situation jn the Sovit Union. lt ws also nssar torkon with the ft tht the oUN nd th UPA faiIed to draw th ntionaImsses of th entr|, southrn, nd stn rgions of Ukrain into the obit ofthir struggl ginst th Sovit odr.

Thus, for numbe of objetiv easons th fores of the Ukrainian |iberationmoVmnt, in restiting their tivitis mostIy to the Westrn rgion, w |onin faing th immns miIitry might of th Sovit Union at this time. hus, thars 1946 and 1941 Wre period f gratst advrsity for th Ukrarnianinsurgnts nd |andstin ativists.

During this priod the BoIshviks, launhd a totaI offnsiv against thpositions of th |ibration movment in the Westrn Ukrinin rgion. In termsof engagd fors nd mns (moued and avition thno|ogy, artil|er) andintensity of ombat tions, this offensiv had no analogus eithr in prdingor subsequnt yars. At the sm time, in addrtion to military and hekist-st|tsk operations, soiaI inspetions of prsonn| in institutions, organizations,nd entepiss Wr rried out with the im of ridding thm of nti-Soviete|ments, inluding membrs of th oUN and th UPA. Mmbrs of fami|is ofinsurgents and |andstine tivists and their sympathizrs wre dportd todistant northn nd estrn rgions of th Sovit Union, and po|iti| andpropagndisti work imd at isolating the oUN nd th UPA was ondutdon a mss sl among the popu|ation of th Wstrn rgin in ordr toundrmin thir infIun among th msss. nggd in th strugg| againstth indpndn movment Wr not on|y th |nterior Troops and FrontirGurds of th NKVD but a|so a signifiant numbr of rgu|ar Rd Amy unitsthat were dp|oyd to th Wstrn ob|sts of Ukrin nd numrous Sarh-and-Dstroy battaIions [strbk, from th Russian,.istrebitIny bt|iony,,] thtwere rtd on th spot.

orroborating the a|l.nompssing natu and sop of th ommunistregime,s strugg| against th Ukrinin insugents and Indestine tivists is thf at that during 1946 and 194-7 th Po|itburo, orgburo, nd Sertariat of thntral ommitt of th ommunist Prty (b) of Ukrain [hnforwrdP(b)U], in|uding th govrnment of th Ukrainin SSR, dopted more thanforty reso|utions tht in on form or anothr wr aimd t th u|timatsupprssion of th oUN and th UPA resistan nd th |iqujdation of th mssbase of th libertion movmnt.8

7 Kentii, Narys, p 5 Se, Litopys UPA Nov seii, vo| Borot, pot UPA i ntson|sthnoho pidpil|i: dyektyvni

dokumnty sK Kompatii Ukriny 194-1959 yiv-oonto. 2001

2

Th first bIows aginst th fors of th libration movmnt wr stukin It 1945. Thus, betwen ] Dember 1945 nd 10 tbuay 1946' a total of,15,562 miIitay and hekist-styIe task oprtions wr arid out against UPAnd landestin oUN f ormations, rsu|ting in th destrution of 4,2 insurgntsnd undrground tivists, the ptur nd rrst of 9,400 oUN and UPmmbrs, nd the Iiquidation of 10 armd f ormtions.9

ln |y .]946 th ommunist rgim,s ations, whih wr imd atsupprssing th Ukrainin indpendne movemnt, wre los| onntdwith th prptions for th ltions to th Suprm Sovit of th USSR, inwhih th residnts of egions nnxd to th Soviet Union in 199.,l940 nd1945, inluding th wstrn ob|sts of lzmai|, hrnivtsi, and Zakrptti, wouldtk part for th first tim. The Bo|sheviks ttahd immnse po|itil nd idoIogiIimportan to this mpign, fo its sussful on|usio wou|d show thintnationl ommunity tht th ppu|tion in th newl-annxed Sovit regionssupprted th Sovit goVrnmnt, thus dmonstrting the monoIithi naturand immutability of the bIo formd b ommunists nd non-prty mmls.

In Jnuary ]946 th organ5 of th NKVD NKGB intrptd opis of anoUN instrution ntitld,,onrning the Qustion of a Boyott of tne So.aIid |tions to th Suprm Sovit of th UssR,, (24 Dmber ]945), whihws ddressed to okruha leadrs responsib| f or prop9and in vrious ntion|istorganizations This doumnt outIInd p|ns to |unh a propagand ation on1 trury,1946, th im of whih Ws to Urg the popu|ation nor to tak prti th ltions.r0 t th sm tim, with th assistan of ptured mmbrs ofth undgound and onfisted mtria|s, th Sovit srt srvis obtindinformation bout th oUN nd th UP intntions to arr out a numbr oftrorist ts with the aim of undrmining th work of th |tion ommlttsnd wrning pro-5ovit |mnts gainst taking part in th ltion mpign.

of{iia| ir|s in Mosow nd Kiv did not hrbo;r any il|usions that theltions in th wstrn Ukrainin gion would tk p|a without hith; itwas undrstood tht thei p|ns wouId nountr disiv rsistane from thf ores of th librtion moVmnt ln ordr to ountrat the ntion|ists, vigroustions it was didd first of a|| to ngage th onsidrb| fors of th RdArmy, whih wre thn dpIoyd to th L,viv nd Prykarpattia miIitar distitson ,l Dembr1945 the first sretar of th entrl ommittee of th CP(b)U,Nikjta Khrushhv, sent mmorndum to Mosow ntaining informtion onthe growing tivity of th oUN and th UP fores in th wstrn Ukrtntanrgion in onntion with th |tion prprations, nd rqustd inf omntsfo th rmis f th L,viv and Prykarpatti militar distrits. ftr ding thisdoumnt, St|in ordrd the PopIe,s ommissariat of Dfn of th USSRnd the Gnrl Staf { of the Red Army to imp|mnt th nssry masures.'

o ,.Stnogmm soveshhnii skrtrel obkomov KP()U, nh ikov ob|uprv|nii NKVD, NKGB,komnduiushh]kh voinnym okrugami 14 f evr|i 1946 g', sDAHO Ukr n, f und 1, |ist 2, fi|e 2884, fols1-181

r0 ,,InstUktsii h 11 po voprosu boikot tk nazyvimykh vyboov v Vekhovnyi sovt sssR,,5DAHOUkrn, f und ,]. |lst 2, fi e 2968, f o s 9-11

|r D A Volkogonov, riumf ltrhdiia Po|ityhni potrt V Sta|in Trns]ted f rom the RUss]n TWovoILms Vo 2,1990'pp 414-4.5

Suding vnts unfoIded rth swiftly. Alrady in aly Janury,l946 thpolitiaI dirtorat of Prykrpattia Military Distrit issud a ditive to th poIitialdivisions of th armis in this distrit, noting tht th ,,rmis of the distrit havben assignd the task of |iquidating the mnnts of the the oUN and th UPon th trritor of the Stnys|viv [today lvano.Frankivs'k oblast], ernopi|,, ndhrnivtsi ob|sts..,12

In ddition, n 15 lnur 1946 th ViIitary ounjI of Prykarpttia MiIitayDistrit snt the ouniI of Peopl,s ommissrs drft of a rso|ution onerningth po|mtion of martii |aw on the trritor of th abov-mentiond ob|stsAlthough the Peop|,s Commissit of Dfn of th USSR supportd thisdraf t, GnraI S. Shtmnko rqustd Nikit Khrushhv,s agment. Howvr,the stay of the ntrI ommitte of the P(b)U nd head of the SovietUkainin goVrnmnt did not dre tak suh a stp.]

on the eve of the e|tions, 8 Februry 1946 to be prise, Nikit Khrushhev,who was troub|d by mess9s fom pry o9ans bout th inrasing ativiyof the nation|ist fores, snt instrutions to th first srties of oblastommitts of th P(b)U in th wstrn rgions nd the hads of ob|astdirtoats of th NKVD nd NKGB with an ord,,to pralyze th tions ofthe bandits and nsur th norm| ourse of th |tion ampaign.,,ra Thusbgan th,,9reat bIokad,,,th Bolshvik ation against UPA formations ndth oUN undrground, whih was unprdntd in trms of its s| ndnggd foes.

Btwen Janury and April 1946,in ddition to NKVD troop5. mor thn,500 garrisons of rgu|r Red Arm units, h ontining no fwr than twntsoIdiers, wre stationd on the trritory of th wstrn oblsts ln ptiuIa, th52nd Am of GeneraI-oIonl K. Korotv biIlted 1,101 grisons on th tritorof L,viv and Drohobyh oblsts and pat of Kam,inets,-Podi|,s,k (nowKhmlnyts,k) ob|ast_ totaI of pproximtly 28,000 toops. Gnr|-olonlM. Pukhov,s 13th Army set up 800 grrisons nd.110 mobi|e arm groups tot|lingnrIy 25,000 soldiers.15

Supp|emnting ths f ores wr ,59 Sarh-and-Destroy battaIions thtwr formd in th westn oblasts. As of ] pri| 1946 thy enompssd mothn 6,000 fightrs armd with 2,01 mhine guns,7,227 automati Wapons,nd 4,420 rif|s.r6

h Red Army units, NKVD troops, nd Srh-nd.Dstroy btt|ions wreordred not onIy to protet |toraI distrits and nsure that the |tions tookpl in n ordrly fshion, but a|so jointI to unove and smash UP formtionsnd th oUN undrqround.

r2 Untit|d dument (Nh]nku po]itotdl 8 armii polkovniku tovishhu Sukhvu) sDAHoUkiny, f und 1, |ist 2, fi|e 290, f o|s .10-12

.r P.o.ekt obizte|noe postnovle1ie Voe1nogo sovet Pr krpt5! ogo voen.ogo oku9 nv'i

1946 g sDAHo Ukriny. fund 1, |t 2, fi|e 2960, fols 1.16.o Untit|d doument' (Pervym sekretaim obkomov KP(b)U zpdnkh o|stei USSR' nhlnikm

ob uprvleni NKVD i NKGB) 8 fvli 1946 g sDAHO Ukrin, fund 1' |ist ]6. fil 1, fo 15r5 Stenogmm TsDAHO Ukriny, f und 1, |ist 2,it|e2884, fo|s 1-18116 Svednii o his|ennosti i voouzhenii isteltelnykh bt|onov zpdnykh o|sti Ukrlnskoi 55R n ]

pr]i 1946 g sDAHO Ukiny, fund 1, Iist 2, file 2966, fo] 51

4

Aording to dt oi|td by th eminent Ukinin historin LewShankovsk, during nd aft th ltions th Sovit sid apparent| mobi|izdas many s 600,000 so|dirs aginst th fos of th librtion movemnt ThSoviet foes engagd in 1.500 batt|s nd |ashes with th Ukinin insugntsand undrground mmbs, who lost |most 5,000 ombatnts. enwhi|e,Bolshevik |osss tot|led .l5,000 mn.l7

An espi|| heavy b|ow was deaIt to UPA formations nd the oUNundrground on th teritory of Stanys|viv ob|st, whih the BoIsheviks hdrgrded as the stonghoId of the |ibation movement sin Iat 1944. Aordingto Soviet data, during th wintr.spring operations of 1946,68 UPA f ormtionswer smashed on th trritory of this obIst, 145 oUN ogniztions wereliquidatd,,l,86 popl w kil|d, nd ,00 oUN and UPA mms ndsmpathizrs of th ntionalist movement Were ptured nd restd.]8

h oUN nd th UPA |so suffrd signifiant losses on the tritory ofDohobyh ob|ast. Btwen .lanuar and Api| 1946 NKVD.NKGB orgns ndRd Amy toops rried out 4,94 operations gainst th insurgnts ndunderground mmbrs' in the ourse of whih the suded in smshing 41UP ombt units, Iiquidting 112 oUN entrs, and killing 1,489 peop|r9

DoUmnts of th |ibration movment ttest to the dsprate straitsof th oUN nd the UP fores during this period. An informtiona|announmnt ntitld

,,he Situation of th oUN in the pathian Krl,stats:,,The heavist b|ow was daIt to the oUN and the UPA in th oriod from1101.1946 to 10.04.,1946, whn MVD dthmnts blokadd aII the vi|lgs inth wstrn ob|sts of Ukrin. Duing this period th UPA suffred its highstIosss and f rom this momnt Was no longr ombat unit.20

ritial sitution was dvloping in mny teritories whr Rd Army ndNKVD troops were ttaking th oUN nd th UPA posittons. doumntntit|d,,Addnd to th Situtional Status in KaIush okruha,,(21 Api| 1946)sttes:

,,Th ation5 gainst u5, prtiUlar|y in Fbruary nd Marh, wre trm|

intns. W suffrd vy signifiant losss. This ws th reson why th workW5 UtomatilI suspended As a result of this, many |iaison e|ls stoppdf u ntioning.2r

on 24 tebruar 1946 in the viinity of hornyi Lis (Stanys|viv obIst) raiding-seah party from the 215th RifIeman,s Rgimnt of th NKVD troopsttkd a group of tn insurgents, a|| of whom wer ki||ed in the nsuingbttl Among those ki||d W5 on of the most rnownd insurgnt ommandrs,V Andrusik (,,Hrhit,,, ,,Rizun,,), ommandr of th UPA-West group ,,hornylLis,,on 0 |\,4h,]946 in Sko| ounty' Drohobyh ob|ast, orgns of the MVDdtaind th f ormr ommander of UPA-West ti| Sto ,,l'/kivk,,. la.Vitovs,kyi (,,Andriinko,,, ,,Zmiiuk,,), son of th formr dfne minister of th

r7 Lev, Shnkovs,ky,. in Istorii ukinskoho viisk 2nd expanded edition Kyiv,199,l, p 15r8 othet o prodeIannoi rbote po jikvidtsii bnd ukrinsko.nmetskikh ntsion|istov i ounovskogo

pdpo|i n teritorii Stnis|vskoi oIsti za 1946 g sDAHo Ukiny. f und 1, |ist 2, tl|e 4914, f ols 46-72r, Kentii, Nrys, p 15.,0 |id. p 14

'r lbid

5

Westrn Ukrinin NationaI RepubIi [ZUNR] Dmytro Vitovs,ki Attempting tovad aptur, ,,Andiinko,, sriou5|y Woundd himse|f 22

As rsu|t of th unintruptd Sovit offnsiv, the signifint wakningof th liberation movement,s fors spurrd |ding th oUN nd th UPAntrs to introdue numbr of ssnti| oretivs into the ttis nd formof th rmd strugg| ln a dirtiv issud on 22 pri| 1946, th oUN Idr ofth arpathin krai (Zakarpttia, Dohobyh, Stanys|viv, nd Chrnivtsi obIasts).,,Robert,,(la Ml,nyk). summd up th suIts of th winter batt|s. H thusformu|td the most imminnt tsks of th UP units nd ]ndstin oUNntrs subordintd to him: ,,tor rtain priod of tim it is vit| to r]t th,poiiy,of ptty advnturs nd xtrmist rvoIutionary words nd to oupours|vs with th long-trm ordering of our wrekd strutue, whih hashn dnl thr.ti< i< th {.r

on ]0 Fbruar 1946 in n ddrss of the Suprm Sovit, th Sovit Pop|,sommissrit of th Ukrinin SSR, nd th ntra| ommitt of th P(b)Uthat th rsu|ts of the voting showd tht th workrs in th wstrn ob|stsunnimousiy suppot Svit u|, nd tht the Ukrinian ntionlists,,hvesuffed a omplt faiIur nd had and hv no 5Upport among the peop|g.,':

|n ttempting to summrize both points of viw, one ma rah theon|Usion that th ltions indd took pIa, but on| aftr grat ffort onth prt of th Bo1shviks And it was this irumstan that bm on of thr.j'l.]ts in f vttr f intens.fvir |^ sl.'t'e ins tl. l lN| nd h UPA,-'' J, 'Th of fnsiv 9ainst th |ib"ation movennt,s posiions and bss ont|nudevn fterth ltions he Iedrship of the entr| ommittee of th P(b)Usuding in obtaining Mosow,s appov| for xtending the dadline for uslngRd Army troops gainst the Ukrainin insurgnts nd undergound mmbs.

Aording o Sovit dt, btwn ApriI and Aug.lst,]946 th organs ofth Ministris of ntrn|Af fairs nd Stt Surit, togthr with !ntrror roopsand Frontir Gu.ds, 'rid olL 42j75 mt|ftar-hkist oprt;ons n tr trritrof th wstrn rgion As a rsult ,277 individu|s wr krl|o, ,4 ln^bsof th oUN and th UP wr apturd nd arrstd, and7,225 Wpons Wronf isted.27 AIso duing 1946 Sarh-and-Destroy battaIions rid out .]6,907

oprtions gainst the insurgnts nd undrground mmbs, esu|ting in mothn thusand daths, th rrsts of 5,4]0 individu|s with Iinks t th |ibrationmovmnt, nd th apture of 2,92 Wapons )'

R9a"d|ss of th imrns 5op o. h rrd tions gains th oUllnd th UP, th osow |drship xprssd its di55atisfation with th poorresu|ts of the miIitary oprtions that wer imd t rushing th resistan ofth Ukrinin insurgents nd undrground mmbrs Aording to dta of thMVD U55R, during th period f rom 1 August to 15 Septmb ]946 nar|y 100,000ntrior oops of th MVD took part in 27,24 ambushs aglnst th oUN ndth UPA mmbrs in th wstrn ob sts of Ukrain' Yt th rsu|t of thsasUrs ws ridiuIousIy ohti; on| 48 popl w. apLu.d and ki |o.

In th opinion of th Sovit Minist of Intrn| Affirs, Gnra|-oIonl SKrugiov, tn fiiurs o{ th |ntrior Troops of th MVD in tnir srugg| 9ain5tth |ibrtion movmnt wer exp|aind primi|y by th inadqUate ommndof amy ation5 by th hds f obIast dietorates of th MVD nd th lk ofvrif id int|lign inf ormtion n th dpiomnt Ioations of UPA f ortationsand ndstin oUN ntrs Krug ov odrd his subordinats in th WsternUl'rainian t.ritois mmdi|y ro |imint th bov-mniond faitings andwarnd th ]oaI ldrship that it ws prsona||y rsponsib',,for tn o'tu5 and rsuIts of th batt| ativities of MVD troos tht r prativly5ubordinated to thm ,,29

,6 Kntl, Nrvs. o ]727Sprvkaososto]nIborbysbndamiTHoUNANDHEUPAtltoll zpdnykhob|ste Us5R

]4 sntib 194 g 5DAHO Ukiny, f und'1, ist 2. fi 2966' Io s 24-4,8 Utt d do(Ument (Mskv TsK VKP(b) ovrishhu Sta] u V ) sDHo Ukrin, {ud 1, list 2,

f i| 296, f ols 89.91,9 ivn, Bils, Repesvno k|,n system v Ukrini.]917-]95 sUspil,no.poIltyhnyt ta istoryko.prvovyi

n|iz Two vo|umes, Vo| 2, Kyiv, 1994, pp 5.658

]

ln ou opinion, the faiIur of the Sovits,strugg| ginst th oUN nd thUPA was usd to signifiant degr not soI|y by the misa|ultions of theMVD.MGB; it ws also th rsuIt of the ability and exprt tions demonstratdby th insurgents nd undergound mmbes

Under th omp|x irumstns wheb the Sovit goVnment,s prssuon th Iiberation moVment Was salating in intnsity and beoming onstantand sstemti, th highr |adership of th oUN and the UPA sought tosafgurd th insugnts, and undrground mmbrs, sistne to the ommunistrgim. R|izing tht a protratd df ensiv stan, fored rtrts, nd avoidneof battIs aginst the numeilly supeio nmy fors wr having negativeimpat on th fighting effiin of UPA formtions, on 24 Jun ]946 the oUNLdershtp issued an,,lnstrution on Rising the Lev| of Training Work in AIIthe Armd Foes,, fo impIementation' his instrution reso|utely ondemnedth intivity of those insurgent units, in|uding seIf -dfne kushh units, whihin maintaining a defensive 5tne, ,,Wst entir days IziIy s|eping or traipsinground.,, ln th viewof th oUN Leadship,5uh stt of ffirs is a,,disgrato ou Weapons nd gIoy and dng to th ntir miIieu. Suh armd goupsof idlrs ar th us of th disintgrtion and brkdown, s we|I s ofvaious failurs in a diffiult situation.,,

ln onntion with this, ,,a|| |eading organizations and miIity fators,,foussd ttntion on th nssity of instituting a hng of ttitUd towardthe qustion of rising th pofssion| IevI nd inrsing ombat readiness. ltws a|so stessd tht,,eah unit, vn th sm||st md UPA unit, slf-dfen units, ombt units of the Seurity Servi [SB]. and vrious bodguardnd Iiaison units must undrgo miIita nd poIitil training,,,whiI,'the pIanningnd th imp|mnttion of taining r th primary duties of |l |ads ndommandes.,,0

Duing the intens dfnsiv batt|s of th period of th,,grat bIokd,,nd in th fo||owing months, when the insurgnt fores sustind substanti|losss, th Suprm ommnd of th UPA ahd th onIusion that thpossibi|ities f or onduting a Irg.s| insugnt.partisn struggl in th narfutue against the superior frs of th ommunist gim wr pratiaIlyexhausted. o ontinu using suh a tati ouId gnlIy undrmin th rsistneof the Ukrinian liberation movement.

Thus, in Ju|y 1946 th Suprme ommnd of the UPA issud an ddress tofighters and ommndrs of insurgent units. in whih it ws notd that,,sineth spring, the enemy has kept up oIossa|, aImost uninterruptd pe55u againstth Ukrinin evoIutionry undrground and its rmed units_th UPA,, hseBo|shvik ations hd ld to th irumstane whreby,,som units, having|andd in very dif fiult situtions, hav lost up to hIf of thir prsonne|',, Howvr,despit vrything, th UPA stood its grund with honou, nd not singIe unitpitu|td to th nmy.

ln this doumnt th ommande in hif of the UPA, Romn Shukhvyh(,,rs huprynka,,',.Tur,,,,,Romn Lozovs,kyi,,), in naIyzig the urrnt

B

l0 Kentii, Nrys, pp 2l-22

intrnatinaI sitution, dmittd that thy had not tuned out in fvour of th|ibrtion movmnt, for lthough both blos_th Sovit nd Ang|o-Amrian-wr in onfIit,,,thy ar sti|| nt rnouning th stte of ,,rmed p.,,owing to thes irumstns,,,ras huprynk,,stressd that the Bolshvikswou|d undoubtd|y tak dvant9 of rnt vnts in ord to hiev [hdstrution of the,,Ukrainian ntion| revoIution..,

In viw of the abov. th Suprm ommand of the insurgnt rmy b|ivdthat in ordr not to dp|t th UPA,s mbt r5oUrs, th Ukinian Insurgntrmy, folIowing th xamp| of th rmy of th Ukrainin Ntion| RpubIi in1920.1921, shouId hng th f orms of their wid-rnging rnsurgnt struggl to|andstin, onspiratoriaI ativity. Shukhvh void his profound onvitiontht th UP fighting for nd oUN ombat units wou|d mstr th,,nwtyps of strugg| against th nmy nd inf Iit Iightning-quik bIows whr,,h{n< nnt vnt thm,,:.

It must indd b rognized tht th bov masurs put into operationb the Suprm omrnd of th UPA wr w'I timd hy not on| p|ayed ar| in safguarding th armd fors of th ]ibration movment, but |sonrsrr,d 1ho ndr,rin h:r:r f thir ctrttn| :inct h mmttnict rtm''' -''"'in the wstrn Ukrainian |nds. |t must b rognizd that th swith to nrmd |ndstin struggIe ught th BoIsheviks Unawar5 and signifiantIyompIitd their go| of uItimt| dstroying the resistn of th UkainininsUr9nts and mmbrs of h ;ndrground

ln arrying out th instrutions f th Suprem ommnd of th UP, thommandrs of trritoriaI units of th insurgent arm and |oaI oUN |drships|unnd re-strLtUring of thi ombat aivitis Pri xamp|s of thlS arthe dirtivs issud by th oUN Ladrship of the arpathian krai, ntit|d ,,For

Imp|mntatin b l| |Vmbrs of th organization nd Al| |nsurgnts.,,Thisdoumn mphsizd tht th nm,,must b btn not onIy numria||y-f o suh a method is not ginf ul t the prsent momnt-but verywhr both indatim nd at night by mns of mbushs, ssassinations, pni,,UkrininInsurgnt Army units we obIigd to funtion not in ompnis but p|toons,squds, and sm|I partisn unis. Thy wr aIso supposd to assist h SuitySrvi nd the most tiv mmbs of th oUN propgnd ntwork and totin thms|ves f or this tp of tion 2

Aftr som tim th Sovit govrnmnt r|izd that thre hd been hng in th ttis, foms, nd mthods of th strugg| wagd by th oUNand th UPA. An informtion not issud b th ntral ommitt of theP(b)U on 14 Sptmbr,]946 notd th inrasing galvnization of th forsof th |ibtion movmnt, strting in mid-summer 1946. During this piod thmost sU55fuI partisan units nd oUN fighting 9roup5 wr thos opertingin th StnsIaviv rgion (279 ations) An|yzing th ombat ativity of thlibrtion moVmnt,5 fors and their dnamism, the authors of the bov-mntiond informtion note b|ivd tht this ws du to th ft that th

l Pto Nz]irhuk' Ukrinsk povstansk miia .]942.1952 Reprint fsimil of th 195 d (Munih)L'viv, 1991, pp 10.312

r2 Kntii, Nrys, pp 24.25t sprVk. TsDAHo Ukriny, f und 1, list 2, file 2966,Ia|s 24-4

9

insurgnts and Undrground mmbers, ,.in rying out trrorist ations againstou best mmber5,', hd swithd to ations by smal| 9roup5 and soIo tivity.on th othr hnd, ommunist Prty of f iiis h|d the viw that ,,th o9ans ofthe MVD, GB, lntrio Troops, and Fontie Gurds untiI the p5nt tim hvenot e-struturd thir work f rom ativ miIitry oprations to top-srt agntinfi|trtion of th oUN undrground.,,Attntion ws drwn to th fat thatsuh fftive mthods of struggIe against th insurgnts and undrgroundmembs s ambushes, so-l|ed ,,doys,,' the systmati sUmmons of individulssusptd of being th oUN nd the UPA smpthizers with the goa| of ruitingthem for th srt gnt ntwork, and th ompomising of mmbrs of thIibration moVmnt r bing appIid unsatisftoiIy, [and] miIitary unrts roften ting,,blindIy,,

h BoIshviks wr aIso aIarmd tht insugnt units wr inf Iitingsignifint striks gainst Srh-and-DStroy btt|ions. BtWn ApriI andSptember ,l946 Ion, mmbrs of th oUN nd th UPA disrmd 90 battlions,kilIed 219, woundd 65, spirited out Iuvdno do |isu] 95 strbky [membrs ofSearh.and.Dstro bttlions], nd aptured onsiderbI number of wepons.{

During this priod th oUN and th UPA,s diretions nd tatiaI mns ofarmed strugg| wr quit divrs: suddn attks on |VVD garisons and posts;disquiting aids on prty-stt administrtion ntrs, mbushes on hlghwsand nar points of entry into popu|ted ares; th dstrution of ommunitionsstruturs and hnn|s of ommuniation; ats of sabot9, inluding thdestrution of industriaI tgts, administrtiv 5trutus, manuf turing fiIities,|ubs; shilding th rur| population f rom punitiv ations by the MVD; f f tingth rels of ura| sidents f rom arrest and vrious |vis, assssination attmptsginst membrs of th MVD and GB, rprsntatives of party nd Sovitorgns, and IoaIs o||borating with th Sovit govrnmnt, t a|.

h insurgnts nd undrground mmb15 Wr prtiu|rIy sussf ul insttlng up mbushes, whih took into onsidration IoaI faturs and fixdrouts for trnsorting nmy |mnts For exampl, on 5 Januar,194 tskgroup from th Tovstensky ounty NKVD division headd by Major Slptsovws mbushd by th UPA in a stp vine |oatd on th outskits of thvilIage of Buriakivtsi, Tnopi|,bIast. Aftr a thr-hour batt|, during whihthe NKVD Wr 5urroUndd, th ntir 9roup n.-.59ir! tWrt-1r pop|was dstod.t5

ording to dta of th ommand of th |ntrior Trops of th l\lVDUSSR, during,]94 th trritor f th wstrn Ukrinin obists ws th arnaf ,l,619 the oUN and th UP tions, in|uding 75 trorist attks on transport,industr, nd rurl targts; 78 ttaks on assoites and fighters of th MVDnd MGB; ,l2 attks on Red Am soIdirs nd of f irs; 204 ttks on mmbrsof Srh.and-Dstroy batt|ions; 08 ttak's on aty Wo.ks nd 1tvts:s,and 50 ttaks on 5ovit dministrtiv institutions r6

r] Spravk' TsDHo Ukriny, fund ], ist 2, f| 2966, fo s 24-4x lbidr5 Kntii, Nrys, p 2616 lbid, p 29

4

The bove information onfims that, dspite som short-Iived suesss,th Sovit govnmnt,s desprat attmpts to put an nd to the Ukrinianlibrtion moVmnt within brif period of tim povd f utile. Assssing thsitution in th western ob|a5t5, offii|s in Kyiv rehd th on|usion thtafter implmnting wid-ranging measus to |iquidat UPA f ormations and thoUN underground prior to nd during the |tions to th Supreme Soviet ofth USSR, party organiztions nd MVD-MGB or9n5 in th wstrn oblasts ofUkrin hd bom ovr| onfidnt nd ar|ss, nd in wekning th strugg|agaln5t the Ukraini nationaIists, had enb|d thm to buiId thir ranks.

ommunist Prty offiia|s reaIized tht the |eadership of the |ibrtionmovmnt, in ord to safguard its adrs fom unwanted |osses, hadhangd its ombt tati and swithed to smaI|.group tions, with n mphsison troist ts gainst the Sovit Party apprtus, in an f fot to wrn th loaIpopulation against taking ative prt in th measur5 that th Soviet govrnmentWs putt|ng lnto oprt|on.

Th nt| ommitt of the P(b)U did not shar th viws of individu|Iedrs in th wstn rgion who b|ivd tht th min fos of th oUNand th UPA had lread ben smshd and tht the ations of minor 9oUp5of rnsurgnts nd und.ground mmbrs, dprivd of ntr|izd |adrshipand onduing an L,noodlnatd stUggl, posd no thrat to th prosss ofsoi|ist onstUtion. Th Ukrinin ommunist Paty |adership was aIsodissatisfid with th prformn of th |ntrior Troops and Frontir Guardswhos tsk W5 to rush th rsistn of the librtion movment. A|sowortsome ws th fat that until rent| the Sovit government had notsuded in |iquidting ith oUN krai leadrships o destroying th mmbrsof th ntral oUN ledrship, who ontroI|d and direted the ations of thinsUrgnts nd undrground mmbs.

In viw of thes irumstnes, on 4 otob,]94 th ntrl ommittof the P(b)U adoptd a rso|ution entitled .,onrning the stat of the Struggl9ainst th Rmnants of th Ukraintan.Grmn NtionaIists in th Wstrnob|asts of th Ukinian 5SR,, his doumnt obliged the MVD-MGB and thesertris of obIast nd ounty prty ommitt5 to put an end to thir s|f-as5uran and undrestimtion of th strugg| aginst th vstigs of UPAformations and the oUN underground, whos omplt |iquidation ws to beahivd s 5oon s possibi The ommand of Pykrpattia MiIitay Distrit wsordrd to at tsk groups in rs wher th insugnts and undergroundmmbrs had shown signs of ombt ativity nd to tivt a stuggIe gainstthm, h rs|utions lso mphsizd numbr of oth impotant masurs.t7

Th implmntation of this rsolution oinidd with th prpaations foth e|tions to th Suprem Soviet of th Us5R, nd this spurred the BoIsheviksto |unh mor disiv trons imd t th ultimt |iquidtion of th oUNand the UPA ln ar| 194-/ miIitary grisons Wr on again bil|td in popu|tdaras in th westrn oblasts of Ukraine' In High-frquny ommuniation[Vh: Vysokohstotnyi zv,razok] snt to Khrushhv on 1 bruay 1947,rnofii

]/Litops UPA Nov srii, vol ' pp 252-259

41

Strokah, th |\,4inistr of Intern| Affairs of th Ukrinian SSR, portd that |VVDnd Sovit rmy units had dpatd for thir dsigntd pIas, so that || ruraIeltor| distrits wouId b surroundd by troops by 1:00 hours on 2 February.8

hus bgan th sond wav of th BoIshviks,||.out offnsiv 9instthe fors of th iberation movmnt, whih ws imd t parlyzing thmduinq th e|tions and th ensuing omp|ete liquidation. ln th priod btwn1Jnury and 20 ar|, 1947 MVD-MGB troops and organS arrid out12,268ombat and hkist-stl operations, s a su|t of whih 966 th oUN ndthe UPA mmbrs wr ki||d and 1,418 Wr aptUrd. Sovit losss tota||d55 mn ]9

At th sm tim, btwen 20 and .l Jnur ,l947, th Ministr of lnternaIAffirs of th Ukrinian SSR rrid out spei| oprtions during whih, on thbsis of intiIign invstigarins, thy strJk tn lading ntrS nd drs ofthe Iibrtion movemnt Thus, in th Volyn,.PoIissia region sventy-nine Ieadingthe oUN nd the UP mmbrs Wr |iquidatd. Among thos ki|ld was lV]'Arsnh (,,lkhailo,,, ,,Hh,,, ,,Brezovs,kyi,,), th rsponsibl |eder f or thSeurity Servi of th oUN Ladership. Aording to Sovit stimats, thsemasLlres Ied to h sit;tion whrby,,in th oUN undrground thr is nwomplte onfusion, a Ioss of liaison |ls and ontroI ovr low.lvlorganizations.,, Th Bo|sheviks |so notd that th insurgnts and undrgroudmmbrs wr inrstngIy surrndring t th Sovit goV.nment or ossingovr to Polish terito.a0

Th diffiu|tis of th oUN and th UPA strugg| undr th nsuingonditjons wr aIso rf |td in th doumnts of th |ibrtion movemnt ]non of th matria|s pturd by MVD organ5 in Mrh 1947 during th |iquidationnf | (r,nnLn th denr'tv-|dr esnoncih| fr the S'litv Svie in th oUN^-l^".:^ ^{ +^ ...^.loug|J|||y vI Ll'. .o'po[hian kraL in th viinit of Nov Hut in th Stanyslavivgion, it ws noted: ,,his wintr our rnks [of th undrground] hv suf f rdsignifiantIy more losss than |st ar Iproportiona] to th adrs status] . Intin ounties two-the men r |ft. h srt agent ntwork within ourrnks has grown.,,h sitution in hnivtsi obIast was simi|rIy dsribed. A|ttr snt b okuha |ader ,,St|,,, to th oUN kri ladrship in th WstrnUkrjnian Lands (ZUZ), whih ws intrpted by MVD.MGB orgns, statd:,,.. lf w analyz th uss of || th |osses tht w suf frd this r, trn WshlI s tht lI th losss are th rsr,It of 5rt 9n tivity',,It ws |somphasizd tht on undrgound mmbr is being hunted by one MGB taskwok, assistd b svn to ten fightrs.a1

on gin, howver, the Bolshviks,optimism about thir suss in fin||rushing th lndestin libation movmnt provd to b inf latd Despite the

8Untitleddoument(sekrtariuTskKP(b)Utv KhrushhvuN s)sDAHoUkrain,fund1, list2,fi|e 4966, f o|s ,]..

9 Sprvka o sostoinii orby s ounovskim podpo|.em i bndmi z period s 1 invari po 2o maft1941g sDAHo Ukrin, f und 1, |ist 2, f i|e 4964, f o| ]5

a0 Untit|ed doUment (Sekretriu TsK KP(B)U tov Khrushhvu N s TsDAHo Ukriny, fund 1, |ist 2.file 4966, fo|s 1-

!rInformtsionni zpiska hernovitskogo okom KP()U o khode brby s ukrinsko-nemetskiminatsjonlistmi 21 sentiria ,]948 9 sDAHO Ukriny, f und,1, |ist 23, file 5045, fols 28.0

42

etrme| unfVourble onditions of tivity, th oUN and the UPA one mordemonstrated a high lev| of apaity for survivI, and by thei onrt tionsvaIidtd their dsire to ontinue the strugg|e. Alrady in Mrh 1941 ammorandum sent b ommunist Party offiiIs to th fist sertary of thentr| ommitt of th P(b)U Lzr Kgnovih, whos nm Ws |inkd toMosow's hops f or swif t solution to the ,,wsten Ukrinin problem,'. notedthat th tions of th Ukrainin insurgnts ,,e hrateized by udaity andr diretd in th min aginst eonomi.po|itial msurs nd our most at|Vmembers.,, Th authors of the memorndum went on to say tht the [theinsurgents] ar ttaking stations of Searh-and.Dstroy btt|ions, oIIetivefarms, nd industriaI entrpriss.a2

Thus, btween January and Mrh 1947 Sovit soues odd 272 ationsarried out by th oUN nd the UPA. |t ws |so emphsized that the stuggleagainst th Ukrainian revolutionary undrground ws worsning, as rsu|t ofwhih its ativity was growing ommen5uate| with Sovit losss. In viw ofthse deve|oping vnts.the tivtion of th Iibrtion fors nd thi impaton th soio-politial nd eonomi lif of th wstrn region_on 5 Apri| 1947th ntrl ommitte of th P()U was ompel|d to adopt a reso|Ul|onntitId ,,onerning th |ntnsif iation of the 5trugg| gainst the Remnnts ofBands of Ukrainin-Gman Ntiona|ists in th Wstern oblsts of the UkrininSSR,,Th rsolution notd that part o9anizations nd th MGB in th wsternoblasts were onduting a feble strugg| aginst UPA formtions nd theoUN undegound and mphasizd tht state seurity orgn5 ar unsatisf atori|ypreparing and rrying out military.hkist oprations, mn of whih rsuIt infaiIure. Th rsoIution |so dew ttention to shortomin9s in th miIitary andpoliti| training of fightrs in Serh.and-Dstroy battaIions.

Th ntra| ommitt of th P(b)U dmndd that pat ogans in theWestrn region and th Minist of Stat Surity of th Ukrinian SSR immdiatlyimplemnt ativ msures to edite suh inadquis and ensu the ef ftivestruggl gainst th Ukrainin libration moVment, pying partiul ttention toth running of inte|iigne.investigativ work in their milius. Th resoIution ob|igdthe stte seurit organs ,,to nsue the |iquidation of th surviving bndit groupsand leading oUN ntrs from top to bottom within th next,l5-2 monthsa

Ther is n titrlr nd t nrv tht th dsir of th Communist Prtv|drship in Kiv to put an nd to th Ukrainian librtion movemnt withintwo months was nothing mor thn th |tst ilIusion, sin the vigou of thermd undrground fors had not given th Bo|shviks ny grounds for rhingf rivo|ous on|usions. ording to dat of th libertion movement, in additionto the westn oblsts, UPA fomations and th oUN undrground also rriedout ations ptly on th titor of Zhytomy, Zkrpatti, Km,inets,.Podil,s,k,Kyiv, and hnihiv obIasts. in partiuIar, during th first h|f of 1947 th f orsof the armed undergound arid ou| 467 ations, inluding 75 on th trritoryof th abov-mntiond oblasts. Th batt|s nd |shs tht took pl btwn

o, Dok|dni zpisk o sostoianii borby s ounvskim podpolem i osttkmi bnd UPA v zpdnykhob|stikh U55R 1 mt 1947 9 5DAHO Ukrainy, f und 1, |ist 23, fiIe 4964,Iols 66-74

LitovsUP Nov ser]i, vo|' , p 269.270

4

the oUN and th UP nd th Bo|shviks We mostly (ovr 60 prnt) of adfnsiv natur The insurgnts,povativ attaks omprsd up to 10 perntof th tota nlmbr of tjons oth tps of options in|udd trroist,sabotag, nd anti-ol|tiv f rm atlons aa

ln rly Jun,l947 first srety of the ntl ommitt of the P(b)ULazar Kganovih visitd Mosow, whe h mt with Stalin A rsolution adoptdon,l0 Jun 1947 b th PoIitburo of th nta] ommitt of th P(b)U statstht during this mting instrutions wr issud onrning th upgading ofthe idologii-p|itial trining of drs and th struggl aginst mnif stationsof bourgois-ntion|ist idology. hre is no doubt tht thr wr aIsodisussions in th KrmIin bout th intnsifition of armd for ginst thIibration movmnt, sin th rmp|mntatlon of the 5 Apri| 1947 rsoIution ofthe entral ommitte of th P(b)U hd not brought about the dsird rsu|ts

h intrtab| ntur of th oUN and th UPA strugg] against thommunist rgim, to whih vnts of th first postwar ars (1946-47) ampIyattstd, ws xplaind not on| by the dtrmind ttitud to the id ofUkinin statehood nd th possibi|ity of its pratial r|ization on th prt ofth partiipnts of th |ibrtion moVmnt and th sIrata of th popuiationthat supportd thm Th ntionalist mi iu had lways hrishd th hop thatin th ver na futur th inrasing|y strined r|ations betwn th US5R andth Wst would invitab| ld to rmd onfIit and st th Ukrinin us inmotlon' Th |adinq ativlsts of th Ukrainin Supm Libration ouni|, oUN,nd UP wr ]so 1mpatintl antiipating this momnt

hus, it Was no ident that on of th fr,v known metings of th mmbrsof th Suprme Militry Hdqurters of the UPA took p| in mid-Jun 194-7 |Ispriipnts rind p|l of ation 'n th vnt o. a 1W wo. d w. In Lhsirumstans th folowing ky militar-poitiaI tasks of th oUN nd th UPAwer stab|ishd: ) th dfn of Ukrine,s thnogaphi bodrs; b) ihstblishmnt of ontrol ovr th po|itial situation in th strn Ukrainian Lnds[SUZ];) th ration of fvourabl sttus quo for UP formtns and th oUNundrgound on th nttr trritory of Ukrain until th rriv| of ngJ-Amrianfores

t th sam tim th Suprem Militar Hadqutrs of th UPA, whih had]arnd a bittr sson in,]94], whn th Grmans, in th ro] of Ukrain,s,,libratos,,,bruta||y

ignord th Ukrinians,strivinqs for ntionaI sif -dtrmlnationnd stt xistn, attemptd to foest turn of vnts that might bnfit thUkrainian r;s Aording'y, th prtiints of tn ming adopd .5o|urtonsting thaT 'i th ngIo-Amrins td to arriv 'n Ukra'n 9orit ydmndd th disming of UPA frmtins, th Ukrainians shou|d agre tosurrnder no more thn 10 preni of thir Weapons; th rest rvould hv io bhiddn. Du.ing th mtin9 the partiipants |so disusso th possib'Ii that a,,ivjlian or armd-ivtlian foign |mnt,,might for its way into thnogaphiUkinian Iands with th im of gining poIitil ontro| |n this senrio the oUNnd th UPA wr to organiz .,rmd prtisan sistane.,,4s

oo Shnkovs'ky' |stor], p ]7.5 Knti, Nrys' pp 4-44

44

h prss of trnsfrring rsponsibility for th strugg| against th |ibertionmoVmnI .rom l"e Minist.y of IntrnaI Af fars to h Min.stry of Stat Surity,whih bgan as ly as Fbrury ]947, somwht re|ievd th prssur on thoUN nd the UPA nd l|owed the insurgnts to ga|varlize thir tions hishm esnei|lv n1ieab| in th s;mmr oI 1941' This turn of vnts snttrrdth ntra| ommitt of th P(b)U nd th ouni| of Minists of th UkainianSSR to adopt on 20.Jun 1947 a 1oinI rsolution ntit|ed,,on lmproving Po|itialnd nomi Work in L,viv, Stnysiaviv, Drohobh, rnopi|,, Rivn, Vo|yn,, ndhrnivtsi oblsts f th Ukrainian 5SR.,,And on 17 ugust,]947 a meting of thPoIitburo of the ntra| ommitt 0provd resolution ntit|ed ,,About thous of th StuggI gainst th Rmnants of ih Bnds and Underground ofUkrainin-Grman Ntion|ists in th Vy'strn ob|sts of th Ukrinian SSR.,,a6

he |itmotif of both ths douments W5 th atgori| dmand toonlintl an ativ strugg| aginst th arld undrgound, whih was imed atits rnml t r:rii:'inn Partiu|. tntion was nid t the nr.essitV of' ' raTI|U|r IInIlo W5 --'_ - ' lssu|nga|ts gainst trrorist tions imd at Sovit-party workers nd th best mmbrsof the Sovit-party oganiztion, and dfending o||tive farm proprty andtl top mrbrs of th o|'iv farm gnizaion In partiu|r' th ntr|ommitte of th P(b)U ordrc th sertaris of oblst prty ommittesnd th heads of MGB dirtorats in StnysIaviv, Ternopil,, nd Rivn obIasts

^' '{ ' .^^^t r.t,.,4 m2qIrrq tn intnsif ri th crrr| ::in

ha|f of 1947 th mmbrs of th amed underground rried out 58 ations_more than during the first h|f of that ya. At the sm tim th main thrustwas direted gainst th ,,top mmbs of th Soviet.prty oganization,,' inonnetion with the prepaations for th Itions to the loaI sovits. Thus,thirtn hds nd srtarjs of vi||g sovits, tw|ve ndidats for dputisnd membrs of eletion ommittes, and tn Sovit workrs Wre kiIld duringa mr twenty-d period in Dembr 194-7'49

This dt on th numbr of tions arrid out by th oUN nd th UPAmembers during 1947 (f ist haIf: 467; seond hlf: 58) is itd in LvShnkovsky,s work, ited aIier. Mnwhi|, aording to dta ompi|ed by theommand of th |nterior roops of the Sovrt lr/inistry of Stt Surity, 1,60,,band mnifesttions,,wer reodd in th Wstrn ob|sts of th UkininSSR during this priod, i.., 1.5 times mor than the f igue givn b sous of theIibrtion movemnt.50

Thus, it shouid om as no surpris tht th bttls btwen th armdunderground nd MGB ogans wre ptiu|ar| intratabl towrd th end ofthe ear, i.., duing Novmber and Dmbr, Aording to Sovit data on thispeiod,421 insurgents Wer ki|ld, whi| the Sovit sid sustind,]90 |osssAording to th oUN nd th UPA soures, during th sond hlf of 1947Bo|shvik Iosss tota||d 475 men, whiI th Ukrainin sid |ost 177 insurgnts.51

Summarizing th ours of th 5trU9g| ginst th rmd undrgroundduing th entir yar, ommunist Prt offiials in Kyiv deled that ,,in thlst whi|e, prty orgnizationaI orgns and MGB troops of the western obIastshav somewht ativtd th strugg|.,,Howvr, thy wr ford to dmittht,,n inras in the number of bnd apparns and a wekning of thstrugg| gainst rmnants of th oUN nd th UPA bands ar tking pIa inth Dohobyh, L,viv, Rivn, 5tanysIaviv, nd Ternopi|, obIasts.,,52

A telgram snt on ]7 Dmbr 1947 b D. Koohnko, th sond setyof the Cntra| ommitte of th P(b)U, to ob|st party ommittees in thWstrn ob|sts with dmand to intnsify th strugg|e gainst th rmdundrgrund onfirms tht th nd of 1947 did not bring th Bo|shviks thntiipated nd desird vitory ovr th fors of th Ukrainin IibrationmoVmnt.

Th vents and fats disussd bov ar rprdud in painstaking dtiIin th douments ontained in Volum 5 of Litops lJPA, Nova ser [hronilof th UPA. Nw Series], whih is a ontinuation of th aIrady pubIishd Volum4 hs doumnts dsribe th progrss of n ommunist rgime,s strr:99|against th fors of th Ukainian |ibation movmnt during th fist postwyears. R9ard|ss of thir bisd tone and ideo|ogia| o|oation, th informationaIdoumnts of the Centra| ommitt of th P(b)U, oblast part ommittsof the wstrn obIasts, MVD nd MGB organs, th pourator,s of fi, Prkrpattia

a9 lnfomtsii o khod borby s ndmi v zpdnkh ob|stikh UssR Undated TsDAHO Ukrin,f und 1, llst 2, f|)e 4964, f o|s. ']94 197

50 Kntii. Nrys, p 445| Shankovs,kyi, Istoii, p 17852 nf omtsi]a. sDHo Ukriny, f und,], list 2, Ii|e 4964, I a|s 194-197.

46

l\4iIitary Distrit, nd brnh ministris and dprtmnt5 of th Ukinin S5Rissued during 1946-1947 r v|uabIe resour for th study of th history ofth Ukinin armed undrground and th ours of th Sovit goVrnmnt,5unompromising stuggl ginst it'

In tems of their ontent and form, these Soviet-party soures re aimd atdisediting th Ukrainian indepndn movemnt in th wsten gion heyalI its partiipnts ,,Ukrinin.Grmn nationaliSts,, and ,,bandits,,, mphsizingtht th insurgnts and underground mmbes did not n joy th broad supportof th loaI popu|tion, t Howevr, vn undr ths tndntious irumstnsthe pub|ishd doumnts offr onvining poof of th mss ntur of th|ibrtion stugg| They lso onfirm th indisputb| ft tht it ws the middIe-poo imnts of the Ukinian vil|g that fomd th foundtion of th UPAf omtions and th oUN undrgound_not th we|thy strata of the popu|tion,as Sovit propagnda dlaed

The doumnts in this ompi|tiorr paint an aurat pitur of th sal ofth strugg| wgd btwen the fors of th ommunist rgim nd theUkrinin rmd undrground. Thy rv| the tatis nd forms of ombatations of both sids and dmonstrt that thr Wr mn young peopl inth ranks of th insr,gnts and;ndrgro;nd mmbrs, who gav up thi |ivsto ahieve th ntional ide| Ukrainin indpndnt and universl stat.

his o||tion of doumnts ati5ts to th unompromising and inttblnatur of sistan and th sUprm mastry of th insurgents nd undgroundmmbs, who tim and again wou|d dodg th b|ows of thei numil|supeior nmy and in turn mk sudden ttks on him where he would lstxpet it The pags of thse dcuments ar pkd With data on the meagrresults of th Bolshvik5, numroU5 mi|ita srt int||rgn oprations againstth med undrground Ths fts off grounds for stting that in th fin|koning it ws onIy th vst supiority of fores and th launhing of totaIof fnsiv in th ideoIogia|' mi|itary, nd soio-eonomi sphers tht nsurdtht th Communist regim would gain the upper hnd'

s its data indiats, th Sovit goVrnmnt lt nothing stand in the w ofits dsire to rush th rsistn of th insurgnts nd underground mmbrs.In ddition to violations of Soviet, or to use th et trm, soiaIist, I9lity onth part of govrnmnt repesentativs nd lvlVD-MGB organ5, thre took plmass dpottions of th popu|ation to th astrn and northrn rgions of thUSSR' Anothr ftur f th tims ws th ompuIsoy mobiIization ofemp|oybl pop|, who wr sent to the Donbas rgion, nd young pop|e,who we dispathed to tehniI instituts. h ampaigns wagd before ndduring |tins to higher nd Io| organs of |gisltiv ul wr vio|nt innatur, whi| th f oribl o||tivization of agriuItur, whih vioIatd thBoIsheviks,de|red prinip| of voIuntrism, ws riminal in form nd ontnt.

The great majority of doumnts in this ompi|ation onsist of rports,mmond, and informtion snt by oblast part ommittees of th wsternoblsts5 to th Cntra| mmitt of the P(b)U in onntion with th ous

5r The o||etion in|udes for th most prt monthIy informtion| douments; fortnightIy nd te.toots e not in|Uded

47

of implmnting party rsolutions that Wre fousd on th strugg| againstth Ukainin |ibrtion movmnt and on stngthening Sovit ru| in th gion,s weII s dta on the deporttion of th popu|tion to th asten regions ofth U55R, t |. Prtiulr|y intersting a th notis nd information snt byrsponsib| workrs in th ntr| ommitt appratu5 of th P(b)U to thfist srtries of the ntrl ommitte Nikita Khrushhv nd LzarKaganovih, and th sond srtry of th CntrI ommitte D Korothenko.Ths doumnts in|ud gneraI fats u||d from IoaI reports on th soio.poIitiaI stat nd th progrss of th struggIe 9ainst UP formtion5 nd thoUN undrground.

Among th doumnts o||ted in this volume e notis and informationof th Sovit Ministris of IntrnaI Affirs nd State Surity on ombat tivityimd t |iquidting th armd undrground, nd th stat of Sarh-and.DstrobttaIions; mmoranda nd |ttrs of tn prourtoil organ5 onrningvioIations of soi|ist |gaIity; mmorand nd |ttrs fom branh ministris nddeprtmnts about insurgent ttaks on tagets in the ptro|um nd gas industry,fosty orgnizations, postal nd ommuniations of fis, nd workrs in thefilm industr

hs doumnts r not only vaIuab|e histori| soure for sho|as,th e |so etrodinrily fasinating, beus th ontin thousands ofsurnames and psudonyms of the oUN and th UPA mmbes and theirsympathizrs, as wlI as th nms of outies nd popuIatd aras onntdwith th dds of th Ukrinian rmed undrqound

Anato|iiKNll,hief urto of the Funds of TsDAHo Ukrainy

Mrited u|turaI workr of UkrainPof essor VoIodymyr LozYs,KY|

Diretor of 5DAHO Ukrinndidte of Historial Sins

Th fifth vo|um in the sis Litops UP ontins']]4 doumnts thtwr dispathd b organs of party nd stat ru|e, th NKVD-MVD, th NKGBMGD, nd individuaI Sovit figurs to th ntra| ommitt of th P(b)U inthe yers 1946-194]. AII of ths doumnts ar stod in th ntrl statrhiv of ivi Unions of Ukrain [TsDHo Ukrainy], whih inhritd the arhiv|f unds of th Centrai ommitt of th P(b)U

h ompi|s hav providd ptions for th doumnts, whih |arIyindiat th squntial numb of the doumnt, typ, snder (if dif f rent f romthe ntral ommitte of the P(b)U), author, ontnts, dt, and date ofisstle Whr the mni|rs hv ben unb| to srtain th d of issue, thevhav dtd th doumnt ording to ontnt, omp|mntay mti|s, hdt of its ript by th ntr| ommitt of th P(b)U, et.

48

he mjority of th doumnts in this volum hv ben pubIishd jn theirntity. A fw doumnts that stray from the topi hve ben produd on|in part and r so indiatd' omissions r mrkd with an |lipsis ( )

Th origina| XprSsions and trminoIogy, s w|l as uthori| and ditoiaIidisynrsies presnt in th texts, hav bn prsrvd to th mximum dgre.In kping With Urrnt orthogphi norms, sp|ling and puntUation mistakshav bn si|ntIy orrtd ln ss whre p|.nam5 a systmatilIydistortd, footnots indiating the orrt nam hv nn s;pplid.

h txts of the doumnts and mtri|s ar Dsntd in aordn withurrnt ruIes govrning the pubIiation of hlstoriaI doumnts Hndwrittndditions to tts ar indiatd by two apital |ttrs in aIphbtiaI ordr, .g.,(" X.") Lttrs with pndd spaing mak undr|ind txt (ptlurarysubtit|s) Missing, omittd, or indiphrabIe text, is indited by squa brakts(tt)

Insriptions on doumnts and rsoIutions (if thy hv any historiaIvatu,thave been rrodud in th footnots, whin also provid informtion onwhih institution snt doumnt on its |ttrhd or whthr it was tansmitted:s Hih-f rnttntr nmmrtni:inn (:Is (Srr it +^ At| |rn t^ th .^."^+| | |u' |Ly Lv|||| L 9 i \JuVJLLL || LU L|' )trL|Lstion of h Spei| Stor of th ntr| ommitt of th P(b)U>, (SpirStor of the entraI Committ of th P(b)U Sret Stion), as w|| s suhinsriptions a5 ,,o th arhiv,,, hv nt bn rprodud

If doumnt is signd, the prson,s surnam ppars wihin parnhses,9, (Strokh). If a signatr.lr is missing, th omission is mrkd by prnthss:_ (_) Strokah only surnams are givn in douments transmittd by High-f rqun ommunitio.

ah doumnt is aompnid b a |gnd inditing th pIa whr it isstord (th aronym of th arhive, numbr of th fund, |ist, fi|, fo|ios) Thuthntiit of th doumnts (oigin|, witnssd opy, op) is a|so inditd'h printing mthd usd to rprodu th doumnts is not inditd. If adoumnt hs bn publishd in othr omoi|ations, this is du|y notd at thend of th |gnd

h modified Libry of ongrss systm of trnsIitrtion is usd in thisvoIu m.

Antolii Kntii, Vo|odmyr Lozyts,ki, and Iryn Pav|nko r responsib|f or th o||tion nd bib|iogrphi prepation of th doumnts nd f ootnots

o-J

oKyMEHI

MAEPlA

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oooBoMy KAy BlK oool 3ABAH,oB,AHX l PoBHHM BoPlB o BPoBHoT

PA PP HA EPoPlT AxlHx oAyKPATH A lKBlAll oPMyBAH A y

AHlAKl, EPHolKl A PHlBKtoAx

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oKoBHKy o APB

BoKa oKpy oaea . KB.poB oaK oHoKa ppop aao, Tpooo poo o ar' 6ao

Ap ooox'H B Haoe BpeM, o o oo ayeT eppoppyT B y oo H o)Ke ooo B|oH Bop;HKe paa oyapTBHl o6ao Hy)rae HaeMXopo|.eM oHo|.lJH oep)Ke po aepo a' KxroeHo) .oxe oH, o KK 6l o ro or oop, pHHH| pa)aHKolvy HeH, oKo H pyK olM, la oKB y oy Kpy Ap.

. p pHeH oy oaBy yK, o oaoeaT KoMHoaHeM KeH oo>eHH|MpoyKM nIa, oo|vly po aa po3o. KaKt o to aoo poypaxa, a, paHo, Koo poa oopr pe o.pKoB o |vHoo HaH oK.

4. pox oeM eX yaH|X oox oBHeBHIMBoaHeM Hoo oaBa Ha ee oe |oKV o xoHoHo.

P:allt ttt ntl''.* ' *r' ..,oHoB poB B oTH| oT MHoo HHoMHX KoMaKHo, pM B|pal oH oxH|oo o yKH poooB oaoH pao HKB...

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p KaK | o o op| y oH apHoap)KHKoo HaH, aKxe olx B BoHHy opy , HpHa.x K HHoMy apHoHy.

Hpyxy oxpaHy o B|T a, ol ooeBpMeHH| oe apHoHa o po. ooa pHoH .oXHooHHo opo, M p e opyxe.

5. poxa p e t o to KoHpoK oBaapHoa, oM e o xoBHHiM , o6 aBo oHoXooo apHoH al' oKa |B|, B apo MeHeH)

o o ap, Kopyo loo H e Ho oopa o pa o o a, ype) opaHa, H pHMaX ya B |oHHaa, HaHH B apHoH|

8 C t oaoM apHoHo poBol txoa HHooHHHoo yHKa oH|M e oooo| a |ooo oeKo oooe xeo poo HlM oaBooop.

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yA l llM oyH A IooBK BoP!B oBEPxoBHoT PA PP HA EPoPtT oAl

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poo .x t oH KoHpoB BoHK apoHoBo opoy - t apHoHo B papoM oKoB A olopo Bpxot oe P. oee poBo. o. Moaeo'2

oooHo KoMaH.poHo pot a oa 420 ooaoo apo-oeKoo KooMoKoo aKB . poeHoo oKo paor a paHiX Ka

p pl-l po oo K(),,o e.oKaX aoo-oKo por poax o6 o o.oo

o 27 /|-45 oa,,. B pao oBaH pHMa yCe Kpap K K()n IZnnauouv l

Ha paoBaH Bopo, oHHl oMoHKoM Kpap KK() o yKM pH| po Mp|: o ooy poyKH 3 poB BK(), H pao| oTH o y HaHK PoHKB.Q poi. Ho)KHo apHo B|KaH H HaaHKa HKooPo HKB. o' yKo eKpepe X paoHo [.] Bpo oea.

t o.o . Kopoleo 15 u 10." paoo o6ayaHoHo ]oK oeK 1poo.BeHH| oeN/ poKM pao, KpH oBTKo HeH ooo topa.

o ppr|\,4 aM |oH pB|oH aH|poo.HH|X oKaee Kay a| KoMHa (peopo. ao) a eKap po3oBt ol B'a|oH a 126,6 |%] a pBy Kay HBap 1946 oa B|oH H111 o/o.

Kooo o.H y)| B)KH H opyKHapoHootx pyo B eKap |oHeHo a 152,4 o/o, |,aupooHoo o Koo a B oopeHoBa a topo Bpxot oe P o. apoo o Kopo 0,8 KM B pop 26,8 , poe Mey po|KaM oa 4900 p HopMe500 opo

B eo xo KpHe, oTo ropa Bpxot oP, opo.lHo B|oH pB|oH oyapHHle o., pH a po.Qooo po ioH aHxooo a ,]20 o%, ooooBoK _ ,],l0 o/o, - a164 o/o, '|\oa p. - ]05 %; eo o oa a ooaBoKB|HH ,]00,2 o%, ooK _ Ha 102'4%' oBooTaBK - Ha 100 %,HooaBK - a ,],1,] 7o, aoo KoX|p - a 122 o/o, ooo-a 11,9 o/o.

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at ooM pao| oTe, o pe>Hy, ayBHeHa ppe N/, popol\l, poTpaH pH| ooK opa (oopt oBK opa pa), yHo>HKoB pae, o.xo p| Ko, yo, oeoB pt o aKBoB, aK, Hpp:

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B Kooo pao B 9 ap . . a,t paooa o. apoa [po] ea oB. AKyo ,oeppoBa B o Koe 0 eoeK, p.y'

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B e Px... oo )K pao at paopyx pyaoa|, Ho B y )Ke Ho BhypH BoK HKB, aa Ha a',HaBa e o, o t ta .loxHa, 4 aa toBo xB|M, oaK po at pt B pely. Bope o aHoB oo 4 oot HapaHH| o (]700MTpoB ap|, aK, ) ]0 BHooK, paH ooaHH|aa y p| Moa|.

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aHHa pa lr,4ap p o HTooK - 4 u, ooB_ 4, p _.],1, o yMK loKyMHa, po paxtoyHa'

B KopoM paoH ] o ]5 HBp . . B pa opaHaaat paoK ta pla opaH (paeH KpooKpe) paooo poo oH o Kopoy paoHy oHo 3a

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58

ooToBHHo poeHo opa 6t | pyKooepooo poBo oH ,,ioa', no a p !p, peepe,,,, Ap Baql o KKe ,,Ape,,, xoppe Mopy op py. Bo yo o _ 15, o yo y,5 oo,5 oo, 2 oa, 2 ue, 2 apl ao, 2 y MaIJJHK,ptopeMH, pxH| ToBK |4 tpe oKyMHTl, apoo 7eoBeK oH, .l5 .o A.

Bto peHe opo K K() o 27/X|-1945 oa BHo yKaaH, aHH| Ha oaH B op. o o op6e oKaN/a A oyHoBKoo oo, oKo a oeHe 2 o paHoBKoHK pHoHoB B ex o6a (paa| apHoH| 1/|-46 oa)6o 4 ao, apoao 80 ao o oopyxHe.

epp aoo oo K()

15 /|-1946 .Ne 0022

A, , 1, o 2, np. 2960, ap' 29-2. pia

(M. o)

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BlK y HAEEHX HKAX AHlABKoi,EPHolKo A PH!BEKoi oAE. l lPA oPo oPMyBAHHM yA I

llM oyHNe9241 27 i 1946 p

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10 p . . B oHHe peKl KA KoMHoBaHe oKpya X ao, Tpooo poo o o oe |TaBHl oHK apH3oHl. oot ata paMHHlXpHoHoB: KB,a a ypK HaoHao, opaxreHe o Xa. Hoo HH' apoo oKoo aKBa oe

oPXAH:KBa||

59

op.K KX MHo po. o.ooBK poH |oopoB BpoH| Coe P.

B paHo 8944 oX apoH. ooa _ 42 apoH, B epooo - 464 poo _ BBKl apHoH MT peH eHHo - 20 oo opo. HaBoopxH apHoHo - HKol pHle yeMeI, aBoMal, HoK paa|. o aa o >K oo apoH| BaH|o ttt |1|'n, a ao oaH r ]e Nl paoB

KpoN/e ooHHlX pnoo o oKpy o.aHo 70 oxtxopo HHo o 20 o 100 o op oppoaH|.oepto opt a Hao. B popH ua6o oKo-6pa--po H opyxH oB>Hl opto ppaopp|, pr, 82. N4HoMeT|, o|, BHoBK pHal.

KooaHe poHoB oe