.

' ......................................................................................... 3 1) ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 2) . ........................................................................... 8 3) . ............................................................................... 9 4) . ......................................................................................................... 10 5) ................................................................................................................ 11 6) . ...................................... 15 ' ............................................................................................................................................................................ 19 ............................................................................ 19 ' ...................... 23 1) . ............................................................................................................... 23 2) . ............................................................................................................. 24 3) . ............................................................. 26 4) , . .................................. 27 5) 0 . ....................................................................... 31 6) ..................................................................................................................... 31 7) , . ................................................................................................ 33 8) . ..................................................................................................... 34 ' .............................................................................................................. 35 1) . ............................................................... 35 2) . ........................ 36 3) . ......................................................................................................................................................................... 38 4) . ....................................................................................................... 39 5) ..................................................................................................................... 39 6) . ............................................................................................................ 39 7) . ............................................................................. 40 8) . .............................................................................................................................. 40 9) . .......................................................................................................................................................................... 43 10) . ..................................................................................... 43 ' ..................................................................................... 45 1) . .................................................................. 45 2) . .......................................... 50 3) , . ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53 4) , , . ................. 54 5) . ......................................................................................... 55 6) , . ....... 56 7) . .............................................................................................................................. 58 8) , . .......................... 60 9) , . ......................................................................... 63 10) . ............................................................................................................................................................................. 64 11) 1821 - 1844. ........................................................................................................................ 64 12) . ......................................................................................... 67 ' ............................................................................................ 68 1) ROMANORUM . ................. 69 2) ROMANIA. ....................................................................................................................................................... 74 ' , ................................................................................ 84

...................................................................................................................................................................................... 89

' 1) . 1951 , . . . . , . . : ; : . , , . . . , . ' , ' . , , , , . , , , , . ' . 1 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , ' ' (325), , (352-366). , -, ' 2. , , . , - 3. 4, -

2 , ', 35. 3 537 - 538 . J. . Bury, History of The Later Roman Empire, New York, . 2, . 183. 4 To Imperator Graecorum Imperator Romanorum ' Hincmar (805-882), MGH, Ss, I, 475. ' (858-867) ' (842-867). RPR, , 2690, 2682, 2796: Mansi, XV, 162, 168, 191. ' '

5, . 6 , . . . , , , . ' 7. , . , , , . . . (30), , ' 8. . , . 1821 , 18219. , . . MGH, Ep. VI, 454. . ' Imperator. Mansi, XV, 170, 178, 186, 216. ' Imperator Romanorum, Imperator. ', , Imperator . 109, , , ' Imperator Graecorum , 962 , Graecorum, . .. ' ' (963-1025) . S. Runciman, The Place of Byzantinum in the Medieval World, CMH, IV, II, 355. Imperator Constantinopolitanus Graecus, Graecorum, Rex Graecorum . . ' ' 867 . . . Basilius Fidelis Imperator Romanorum, Nicolao Sanctissimo Papae Romano, & Spirituali quoque Patri nostro. Mansi, XV, 819. 867 ' Imperator. , , . , , . 5 Imperator Romanorum , . Capitularia . Imperator Romanorum. Patricius Romanorum Rex Francorum Rex Longobardorum. Mansi, XVIIB, Baluzius I, 271 - 272, 273 - 274, 329 - 330. Romanorum , , 800 Patricius Romanorum , / ' . . , / Romanorum . Capitularia 801 Karoli Magni, Imperatoris. . . Imperii. Karoli Magni primo. Karolus, divino nutu coronatus, Romanum Gerens Imperium, serenissimus Augustus. , 345 - 346. To 802 Karolus.. . Augustus. . . Magnus, Pacificus Imperator, Romanorum Gubernans Imperium... , XIII, 1062. To 804 Karolus Imperator Augustus, Romanum Gubernans Imperium. To 806 Romani Rector Imperii. , XVIIB, 439 440. To Imperator, Romanorum Gubernans Imperium, , 461-462, 483 - 484, 499 - 500. To 813 Imperator Augustus. , 505 - 506. To 814 . 6 . . '. 7 . 8 , , , 1970, . 9 V. C. Samuel , . . , .

. . , , , , , 10. - . , . 11. , ' , , . , ;12. , ', , , , , 13. , , . , , 14. . , . , . . ' . , , , , . , , , , . 15. , . 1821 , 10 . '. 11 . . , . , ', 1970, . 604, . 138 139. 1833 1835 , . , . , , , , . , , , , , , , . , , , , . 12 , V, 403-405. 13 , 253 - 2154. 14 (), , , ... () ( ) . --, . 15 . () ' ' . . . , 1870 - 1912, 1973, . 27 (. 1), . 31 (. 4), . 34 (. 1), . 54 (. 2). . - , , 1974, , . 28, . 5-39.

, , , 16. , , , , , , , , , , , , , 17. 18. , , , , . 1821 , . , , , , 150 ! '... ' 18, . , , , . . ' . , . , , . , . ' , , , . , , , , , 19. , , . . . , , , . 20 16 . . , , 1960, . 51. 17 () () . 18 ' . :. Nicephori Gregorae, Romanae, hoc est Byzantinae Historiae, Libri XI, (), 1562. (14 ). , . 18 . , , ', , . 265: . . , , 1960, . 33. 19 , . 20 85-90%. Grigore Nandris, Rumanian Language, EB, XIX, 652-653. . , , 1972, .

, , , , , , . 50% , 25% - 30% (), . 21. . ' , ' , . , , , . 22. , . ; . , , , : . . ' , 21 , 25-30%, , . () . , , , ' . , , , , . 80% ; , . Shqipetar. . . shqip tar, accipiter - . . . , , , 1972 - 1973, . 118 - 119. . , -. . , , , ( ), . . . . . , ( ), , , . 120. . , JE. amp, The position of Albanian, Ancient Indo-European Dialects, Ed. H. Birnbaum and J. Puhvel, Univ. Calif. Press 1966, . 97 -121, . Zacharie ayani, The Etruscans Begin to Speak, New York 1961-1962, . . Sknder Anamali, Nga Ilirt tek Arbrit ( = ) : Eqrem abej, Problemi i vndit t forminit t gjuhs shqipe (= ), , . ', (), , 1973, . 39 - 112. 22 ' . . . , . , , , , . 30 . , , . , . 1828 .

. ' , , , , . , ' , , 23. , . , . . , , , . 24. .

2) . , , ' . ' . imperator Graecorum25. ! 26. , , . , , ; ; . , , . , , , . , ; . " . . , . , , , ' . .

23 22. 24 , . , .. , . , . , 1971, . 15. ' . . . 25 3, 4 5 . . 26 Ibn haldun (1332-1406) Roman (610 - 641) Byzantine . , , , . An Arab Philosophy of History, Selections from The Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldun of Tunis (1332- 1406), Translated and Arranged by Charles Issawi M. A. Adjunct Professor of Political Science in the American University of Beirut. 22 113 . 107 . 150.

, , , , . , , ; . , , . , Arnold Toynbee, 27 . , . , , - , , , , , . , . ' , , ' , ' . , ; ' , ' . . .

3) . , , Arnold Toynbee . Toynbee Toynbee 675 28. Toynbee . , 29. Toynbee , ' . , 30.

27 A Study of History, D. C. Smerell, Oxford University Press, London 1962, . 12, 195, 244, 261, 296, 366, 372-3, 422, 495, 549, 562. Toynbee 23 1948 Life Toynbee 7 . Civilization on Trial The World and the West 1947 A Study of History D. C. Smerell. 28 . Smerell A Study of History . 10 - 12, 14, 153 - 4, 194, 197, 225, 244, 247, 256, 261, 476, 492, 532, 549, 635 - 9, 913. 29 . 319 - 321 476 .. . 30 . Toynbee . 0 '

' - ' . , . , , . ( Toynbee ' ), . Toynbee , . . , . ' , . Toynbee , , , , . , , ' . , , , , . Toynbee , , , . Toynbee, . , , , , . , , , , . ...31. , . . Toynbee ... , , ( ), 32.

4) . ; . 700 .. , V, 19 . . 21 . 31 Civilization on Trial and The World and the West, The World Publishing Co., New York 1965, . 166. 32 , . 175.

. , , . , . , , . ' , , , , . . , . , , . Toynbee , . , , . , . . . ' , . , , , , ' . ' . , , , .

5) 33 . , , . ' .. 34. , 35, . 272 .. ' , . . . .

33 , . ', 9/75. 34 A. J. ynbee, A Study of History, Abridgement by D. C. Somervell, London, 1962, . 408. 35 . Gary, A History of Rome, London 1962, . 269 : . J. Rose, A Handbook of Latin Literature, New York 1960, . 20 .

, Fabius Pictor Cincius Alimentus , 200 .. , 36. 150 .. , 37. ' . , , , 38. ' .. , , 39. 92 .. 40. , 41. , . , ' 42. , 43. () 44. 45. , , 46. ' , . (69-79 ..) 47.

36 . Gary, , . 270: . J. Rose, , . 111 - 114. . 37 . Gary, , . 269 - 270. 38 . 39 , . 462. 40 , . 463. 41 92 .. 91-83 .. . . Gary . . 42 91 - 83 .. ( , , , ) , , , ' . 43 . Gary, , . 463. 44 . 45 . J. Rose, Latin Literature, . 348-349. 46 , . 352. 47 . Gary, . 690.

(98 - 117) 48. (117 - 138) 49. graeculus50. 51. (161 - 180) . . . 52. ' . . ' ' 53 . , . , . , , , , , 54. 50 . 257 - 25855. , 56. 250. , 57. 58.

48 , . 691. 49 . 50 , . 692. 51 . J. Rose, Latin Literature . 512. 52 , . 469. 53 . . , , 1948, . 116. 54 , . . ' , , , ' , ' . . , ' . , . , , ' . 55 . . , , 1948, . 75: . . Rand, The Latin Literature of the West from the Antonines to Constantine, C , XII, 602 - 603. 56 . . Rand, , 590. 57 nulla enim verba ilia noveram. ', 13-14.

59. , , , , , , , , 60. , . , , , , ' ' 61. , . , 62. , 338 ..63. 350 270 .. 64. . 183 .. 65. 187 .. 66 . 126/5 .. 67. 91-83 .. , 68. . , 69.

58 ' ' ' . R. Seeberg, History of Doctrines, Grand Rapids 1958, . II, . 16. 59 . ', , 1957: , 1973: , , 1975. 60 .. F. Cayr, Manual of Patrology and History of Theology, Paris 1935, . 1, . 522, 529, 533, 571, 584, 595. , , . . 59 . 61 . 62 . Cary, , . 93 - 94. 63 , F. A. Adcock, The Conquest of Central Italy, CAH, VII, 586-587. 64 M. Cary, , . 144. 65 , . 249. 66 . 67 Hugh Last, Gaius Gracchius, C , IX, 45 - 46. 68 . Cary, , . 322-323. o 8 10 , . 69 . Cary, , . 127, 322, 411, 555, 605, 622, 640, 643 . 27.

- 92 .. , . , , . . . . , - . . , . , , . ' , , , . . , . ' .

6) . , 70. -. . , 71. ' (936-973) ' (1806) , . . . . . : . , 72. , , , 73. , ' 74.

70 , , 1930, . ', . 133. 71 , , , , . . 72 , 1805, . 37. . . , , 1960, . 51. 73 . , , . 40-45. () . Cassell's French Dictionary, French - English / English -French, London 1946, . 311, Grec , , , - miser, sharper, blackleg, cheat. 74 , .

1901 12 , 75. , , . . , , , , , , , . ' . ' , , , ' Filioque 80976. , , , , , ' 879. 754 , , 867 . ' 650 750 18 11 7 77. . ' (936-973) 100978. (), () ( ), 1009 , , 1009 . . , . . . . . 75679. 1009. . 75 . . , ; . . 1901, . 3. 20 . . . . . . . 76 . ' '. 77 The Byzantine Patriarchate, George Every, London 1947, . 204-206. 78 . '. 79 Gerhard Seeliger, Conquest and Imperial Coronation of Charles the Great, C , II, 600 - 601. . '.

, , imperium graecum, terra graecorum. , 80. Romagna , . . ' ( ) , , . , , . . , , , . . , . , 81. , 754 1009 , . . . , . 754 . , . , , . . ! . . , , , 200 - 1500 82.

80 . '. 81 , .. A. F1iche V. Martin, Histoire de 1 glise, . 7 L glise au Pouvoir des Laques 888 - 1057, 1948, par E. Amannet A. Dumas: Fernand Mourret, A History of the Catholic Church, London 1936, III IV: C M , III, Germany and the Western Empire: IV, The Contest of Empire and Papacy. 82 Fernand Mourret, A History of the Catholic Church, London 1936, . , . 439 : J. Gay, L Italie Meridionale et l Empire Byzantine (867-1071), Paris 1904, . 285.

, . . . . , , ' . ' , . , 1009 1009, . , 83. . . , , ' ' , . . (artisans) (burghers) (1789) , . . , . , . . , ' . . , . , ; ; ' 1965, , . .

83 . .. ... ..., , . 18. , , , . , .

. , . . . , . , 84. , .

' 85 ' , , . . . 794 ' . 808, 809 Filioque . ' ' . ' Filioque, , , , , , , . , , , . . , , , . . , . , , .

84 . . , , , , . XIX, . 1 -13. 85 11 1971 . . . . , ', 1971. , 1973.

, , . ', Filioque. , . , . , , . ' , 885. . ' (885 891), . . . . . , . ' ' (858 867), , . ' (872 882), , , ' Filioque ' 879. 1) ' 86 2) 87, , . ', Filioque, , , 88. ' 89, , . ' . . 90. ' Filioque , . , ' . Filioque ' .

86 Mansi XVII, 493-496. 87 , 516-517. 88 , 525. 89 . 90 , 493.

Filioque 794 809. ' . 1) Liber adversus Graecos, Aeneas 91. 2) Contra Graecorum opposita, Ratramnus Corbie92 3) Responsio de fide S. Trinitate contra Graecorum haeresim, 93. ' . 1) . 2) 867 ( ). 3) imperatores. 4) . ' 962 963. (Deutsch) 1009 Filioque , 879 ' ' 869 . . . , ' , Filioque . ' 94, ' ' , , , ' . ', ' ' 1009. 963 , ( ) . . . ' Filioque. , 95. ' , ' Filioque , .

91 PL 121, 685 - 562. 92 , 225 - 346. 93 119, 1201-1212. 94 Francis Dvornik, The Photian Schism, Cambridge, 1948. 95 . Filioque , , , , ,. () , ' , ' , . . , , II, 328 - 329.

, 794 809, ' Filioque, 1009 1014, Filioque , ' ' . , . . Filioque . 1014 ' Filioque . ' 1009 . 1054 , . 1054 '96. , ' 97 98. , ' , . ' 99. , , , , , , . ', 1009100. . , ' 101. , . 102 ' , Filioque103. , 104. : . , , , , ;105. , 106.

96 PG 120, 781-796, 816-820. 97 , 788-789. 98 , 797-800. 99 , 789. 100 F. urret, History of the Catholic Church, London 1941, . 4, . 90 - 91. 101 PG 120, 800. 102 . 16. 103 A. Michel, Humbert und Kerullarius, Paderborn 1924 - 1930, . , . 20 - 40. . G. Every, The Byzantine Patriarchate, London 1947, . 149. 104 PG 120, 788. 105 , 797. 106 , 800. G. Every, . 19 . 156, Steen Runciman, The Eastern Schism, London 1956, . 65 , . 1) 1054, 2) , .

1054 , Filioque 107. Filioque , ' , , , ... , 108. ' ' (, ) . 1054 . 1054 Filioque. 1009 Filioque , ' Filioque. ' ' 879 , ' ' Filioque , , 1009, 1054, Filioque .

' 1091) . , , ' , 1821. , . (1969), .

107 . 22. 108 PG 120, 804-805. 109 30 1971 . . ' . , , , . . ' , . . , ; 1901, . 6 . . . . . , , . ' . . . , , . 6.

, 200 . , , ' ' . , . , 110. , , , 111. , , , . , , . . ' . . . . . , , , , . , , . . ' . . , , , . , , . , . , 112.

2) . , . , ,

110 , , II, 37. 111 . . , , 1957 , , , 1975. 112 , Collationes , 8 - 10. 3 Notes on the Palamite Controversy and related topics I, II, GOTR, VI, 2, (1960-61), 186-205: IX, 2, (1963-1964), 225 - 270.

. , , , 113. , , . . ' , . , . , , , , . , , , 114. , 529 115. . ' , . ' . ' . . , , ' , 116. ' , . . ' , . , . , ' , , , Filioque. Filioque , , , 117. ' Filioque . 808 809 Filioque . . , 118. . Filioque , ' . , , .

113 A', 13 - 14. To , . 3 4, . ' 1. De Trinitate, III, Pref. . 114 . . 115 Reinhold Seeberg, History of Doctrines, Grand Rapids, Michigan 1958, . , . 368-382. 116 , . II, . 16 . . ' . , . 342 - 378, Filioque , , . 117 , . 340 - 341, 309 - 339. 118 , . 342 .

, Filioque , ' . ' Filioque 119. ' , 120. ' 879, Filioque ' . ' . ' , . , ' .

3) . , . , , . ' . , . , , 1009 . ' ' , , 1.500 , . , 121. , . , . , . ,

119 Aeneas F. Drnik Ratramnus, Corbie, . The Photian Schism, . 280. 120 G 102, 344 . 121 . ' 82.

, 122. , . ' . , 123. 1075 ' (1073 1085) , , . , 1071 , . . , , ' . ' , ' , , , 124, , , , . ' . . . ' ' 125. ' 879 Filioque, 869126. Filioque . , , , , , , .

4) , . ,

122 , . . ; . . , , , . , , 1957. 123 '. PG 120, 781 - 820. 124 . . , , 1948, . 345, 443-444. . . , ' , . . , (.. . 485 - 491), . , . 125 George Every, Byzantine Patriarchate, London 1947, . 115. 126 . '.

127. , 128. Filioque . , , 129, 130 , . ' 131. 132. . , , , , , 133. , , , , ' . , , , . . 529 (. ), , , 134. , , ' 135. ) , , ' . .127 Contra Academicos, III, 20, . , . . , , . , . 128 .. De Fide et Symbolo, 19 . 129 .. De Trinitate, II, Pref. 130 Monologion (PL 158, 141-224) Proslogion (PL 158, 223-242) (1033 - 1109) (1093 - 1109). . . 131 .. R. Seeberg, History of Doctrines, Grand Rapids 1958, . II, . 96 . 132 Contra Academicos, III, 19. 133 ' (1225 - 1274), ( , Moerbecke Brabant, (1204 - 1261). Sir Ernest Barker, Aristotele, , II, 345. ' , . . , , : " . Candal, Studi Testi, Citta del Vaticano, 1945, . 116. , ( . Barker) ' ' . ; ; ' ' ; 134 J. S. Romanides, Original Sin According to St. Paul, St. Vladimir's Quarterly, New York 1955, . IV, . 1-2: To , 1957. 135 R. Seeberg, History of Doctrines, Grand Rapids 1958, . , . 289. . 26.

14 , 136. 137. 433 7. , , 138. . 6) , , , . , ' 139. 140. ) , Filioque. 393, , 12 ' 141. . 1) , 142 , ' . 143 . . , . , , , , . ( , , , , , , ' . , . , , , , , , , , , ..., . 2) ' , 144. 136 Expositio Epistolae ad Galatas, PL 35, 2105-2148. 137 Expositio Quarumdam 84 propositionum ex Epistolae ad Romanos, L 35, 2063 - 2088. 138 Epistolae ad Romanos Expositio Inchoata, L 35, 2088 - 2106. Retractationum, Liber I, XXV (XXIV), L 32, 623 - 624 Sed deinde alia volumina cessavi adiungere exponendo epistolam totam, ipsius operis magnitudine ac labore deterritus, et in alia faciliora deflexus sum. Ita factum est ut librum quem feceram primum, relinquerem solum, cuius esse titulum volui: Epistolae ad Romanos inchoata expositio. 139 De Trinitate, III, Pref. 1. 140 , III, Pref. 2. 141 De Fide et Symbolo, PL 40, 181-196. Retractationum, XVII (XVI). , ' . . ' . . 142 De Fide et Symbolo, 19. 143 . . , , 1973, . 186 - 400 . 144 De Fide et Symbolo, 19-20. (20) ( ) , ,

, . , 145. . , . , , , . ' , ' . ) 0 , , , , ' 146. , ' , 147. 47 ' , . . Filioque, . ) ' , 148. , 149. , , , 150, . 151. , , . . . Filioque , . , ' 152. ( ) . , ; , , , 153.

. , . , , . 145 De Spiritu Sancto, PL 16, 703 - 816, I, 4 (69) : 14 (162): 15 (172): 16 (178, 179, 180): II, 11 (118): 12 (134) : III, 19 (144 - 152): De Fide (P L 16, 527 - 698) V, 3 (43): 6 (87). 146 . . , , 1973, . 289 - 341. 147 De Trinitate, 5, 8, 10. 148 , II, Pref. I, 2, 3. 149 , XV, 24, 45. 12 Retractationum II, 15 (42). , . T . 12 . . 150 XIII - XV. 151 De Trinitate, XV, 25. 152 . . , , 1973, . 309 - 341, 379 - 400. 153 ', , '.

, , , , . , , , . Filioque. , , , , , , 154. 1054 , Filioque 155.

5) 0 . , , , , , 156. , , , , . 157 1) , . 2) . 3) , , , . 4) , . 5) , . 6) , , . 7) , , . 8) , . 9) . 10) , , . .

6) 158 , , . , ,

154 Summa Theologica, Pt. IQ. XXXVI, ART. 2 RESP. 3. . . . Filioque. 155 . , , , 346. 156 . arnack, What Is Christianity? New York 1901: . R. Seeberg, History of Doctrines, Grand Rapids 1958, . , . 298 - 299. 157 R. Seeberg, , . , . 338-353, 357 .: . II, . 229, 231, 235, 241, 242, 245, 252-256, 260-266, 398 - 407. 158 - ' ( , , . 240 - 267.

159. , , , , , , 160. , , , Contra academicos, 161. 162, 163, 164, , 165 1341166. E . , . , 167.

159 V, 13, 14: VI, 1. 160 , IX, 5. 161 III, 20 (43). Contra Academicos, De Beata vita, De Ordine Soliloquia. Retractationum , , 1-4: II: III, 1-3: IV, 1-4, , De Immortalite Animae De Libris Disciplinarum, . V VI Retractationum . . . . . 162 De Fide, I, 5 (41 - 42) : 13 (84) : IV, 4 (44, 47). 163 Contra Academicos, , 19 (42): 20 (43): , VII, 9, 10, 20, 21: Retractationum . ' . . , , . 164 . . , , . 240 - 267. 165 . J. S. Romanides, Notes On The Palamite Controversy, Part I, GOTR, VI, 2 (1960-61), . 186-205. 166 . . . , , , 348 - 407.

167 . , . , , . , 1) 2) . , , , , , , . , . . ' , . Notes On The Palamite Controversy, GOTR, VI, 2 (1960 - 61), . 186 - 205: IX, 2 (1963 - 64), . 225 - 270 , , 1975: , 1957: Justin Martyr and the Fourth Gospel, GOTR, IV, 2 (1958 - 59), . 115 - 134: , 1973.

7) , . Dante John Milton, . , . , , , , . , , , 168. , 169, ' 170. 171, . . . , . , . , . , . . , ' 172. () () , ' . , , , . , , . ' . , 173 174.

168 . De Trinitate, , III. 169 . .. De Fide, I, 13 (83): V, 1 (25) : De Spiritu Sancto, I, 4 (55) : 14 (164 - 170): II, 2 (20). 170 . . , , 1973, . 240 - 267. , , . , , . . 171 . . , , 1957. 172 , , ', 10. . , . , . 419 - 420. 173 . . , , 1957, . 104. 174 .

, , . . . , , , , , , , , ' . 175. . , ' , . . , , . 176. 177 , . - . , , . , , .

8) . , , , , , , , ' . , , . , . , . , . .

175 . . , , 1957, . 51 . 6. . , ', ', PG 36, 24. 176 , , 1973. 177 , ,. 200 - 212: J. S. Rmanides, Justin Martyr and the Fourth Gospel, GOTR, IV, 2 (1958 - 59), . 115 - 134 : Notes on the Palamite Controversy, GOTR, IX, 2, . 262 .

, , . . ' . , , , . , , . . , , . . , , . , , . , , ... , ... , , ... , ; ; ; , ... . , , , . 178.

' 1) . . ' ' . , , , . . , , . ' , . , , .178 ' , . ', PG 63, 41 - 42. . . . , , 1957, . 154 - 155.

(), (), ' , . ' ' . , , . . . , , o . , , , , . , , , , ' . , , , , , , . ' Toynbee; . ' . ! , . , . . , ' . , ' , , , , , , .

2) . , , , . . , , , , .

, , . , . , , , . . , . , , , . , . . . , , , ' . , . . . , , . , , . . . , , . , , ' . , , ' . , . , , , , . . . . , , . , . ' , , 179. . ' , , (1473 - 1543), (1548 - 1600), (1564 - 1642) . , .

179

. '.

, , . . , . ' ( . . )180 ( .. )181 . , . , , , . , , ' . .

3) . , , . . , , , , , , . , , ' , ' . , . , . , , , . , , , . 182. , , . . . , .

180

De Vulgari Eloquentia, I, 6. , , 1973, . 168-185. Divina Comedia, . A. J. Butler E.G. Gardner, Dante, EB, VII, 39 . , , 1973.

181

182

4) . , , . , , 183. , , . , , , ' . ' , . . , . . . , . ' , .

5) . . ' , , , . . , . , , , ( ), . . , . ; 92 .., , . ; . , . ' .

6) ., , 183

Contra Academicos, III, 20 (43) : , VII, 9, 10, 20, 21.

, . . , , , .

7) . ' , . , , ' . , . ' , , . Filioque , ' . , , , Filioque . . . , ' ' , . . ' Filioque 184.

8) . ' , , , . , . . , ', ', ' 185.

184

. . , , 1973, . 352 .

185 ' , , , . -. , . , , ..., , , ( . . . , . - ' , , . .

;

, , , , , . . . . , ' , , , . , . 186. , , . , 187. . , 188. , , 189, . , , , , , , , .

, , . . , . Mansi, XIII, 282 - 324. , . ..., . . 1066. . . . . ' (Bari 1071), ' , 1185 ' . . . . , , , , . . . F. L. Genshof, Feudalism, London, 1954 : Marc Bloch, Feudal Society, University of Chicago Press, 1961, 2 : J. R. Strayer, Western Europe in the Middle Ages, Appleton Century Crofts, 1955 : , Feudalism in Western Europe, v Feudalism in History, Ed. R. Cu1brn, Princeton University Press, 1956: Paul Vinogradoff, Foundations of Society (Origins of Feudalism), C , II, 631 - 654 : , Feudalism, C , III, 458 - 484 : W. . Fergusn G. Bruun, European Civilization, the Riverside Press Cambridge, Boston, 1942 -43: Gerald Simon, Barbarian Europe, Time - Life Books, New York, 1968 : Anne Fremantle, Age of Faith, Time - Life Books, New York, 1965.186

W. Ensslin, The Government and Administration of the Byzantine Empire, G H, IV, II, 2 - 4. F. L. Genshof, Feudalism, London, 1954, . 3 : W. . Fergusn, G. Bruun, European Civilization, Boston, 1942-43, . 192.

187

188 , J. S. Romanides, Islamic Universalism and the Constitution of Medina, Athens 1968.

189 . , . . (. 10) , .

, , ' 325. . , ' ' , ' . ov ' ., , , . , , , . , , . , , ' , . '. , . ' , ' . , , , , , , . , . , , , , ... . , , . , . , . , , ' . , , . , , . , , . , , . , .

9) . , , , . . . . ' , . ' , Filioque, . , ' . , , . , .

10) . , ' . ' , , , 798 , 190. . , . , ; . . . , . . , , .190

Mansi, XIII, 281-324.

. 2% 1789191. ' - ' 192. ' , (Libri Carolini) 794. ' 193 ' 194, ' , 195. ' (772 795)196. , , ' ' , . , , , . 2% , . ' . Filioque , 809

191

R. Ergang, Europe from the Renaissance to Waterloo, D. C. Heath and Company, Boston 1939, . 625.

' 20.000.000. Gerald Simon, Barbarian Europe, Time - Life Books, New York, 1968, . 11. 2% 400.000. . 1/2% 2% 1% 2% ... 100.000. W. . Ferguson, European Civilization, Boston, 1942 - 1943, . 159.193

192

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194

195

196 . . R. Percival ' . , . 583 . 794 ' . ' 794 . 794 , . .

1) Libri Carolini, , ' 2) Einhard ( Eginhard) ( 794) , , ' , ' . , . 584. Einhard ' , , ' . Libri Carolini, ' , Einhard . ' ' , , ', .

. , . Filioque197. . , , . . , . , . , ' , Filioque ' ' . . , , . 867. , . . , , . .

' 1) . , , . , , , , , . , , , , 1) 2) 198. 197

. . , , 1973, . 342 .

.. Christian Pfister, Gaul under the Merovingian Franks, Institutions, C H, II, 134 : W. K. Ferguson and G. Bruun, European Civilization, Boston, 1942 - 1943, . 159: G. Simons, Barbarian Europe, New York, 1968, . 59. . , . 42. G. Simons , , Time Life Books . ( ) 1009, , . Simons. , ; F.

198

, ; 199. ' . ( ) 536 . ' , . (533 538) 200. , . , . , ' ' ' . . , , , , , , 201. . . . 533 . 539 ( ), 551 553 , ' . , , 554 .

Mourret, A History of the Catholic Church, London, 1936, . III, . 328. To 0 , ' (). Simons , , . Toynbee . Civilization on Trial and the World and the West, New York, 1965, . 192, 193, 194, 246. 1) 798, (Mansi, XIII, 281 - 324), , , 2) , 3) , , , . . P. Vinogradoff, Serfdom, E. , XX, 359: , Feudalism, C , , 479 - 481. () A. L. Poole, Germany: Henry I and Otto the Great, CMH, III, 164-165.199 . 1 F. Mourret. 591, 1) 2) . , . PL 71, 161-572. . . Dalton, Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, Oxford University Press, 1927.

200

C. Pfister, Gaul under the Merovingian Franks, Institutions, CMH, II, 142.

201

. , , , . III, . 92-100: C. Diehl, Justinian, the Imperial Restoration in the West, C H, II, 1 - 24: J. . ury, Later Roman Empire, New York, 1958, . II, . 124- 291.

539202. , , . . () . 300.000 . 100.000 539 1204 , . ( ) ' , 203. 549 533 538 204. , 205. ' 206, . . ' 207. ' 208. ' 209.

202

J. . Bury, , . II, . 202 . , . 207 - 208. C. Pfister, Gaul under the Merovingian Franks, CMH, II, 142-143.

203

204

To , .206

205

C. Pfister, , . 142: F. Cayr, Manual of Patralogy, Paris 1940, . II, . 269.

207

683, . F. Cayr, .

683 743 , , , , Campus Martius Campus Madius ' . C. Pfister, , . 135, 146. (715-741) , , 742 . , 80 . . . , , , . PL 89, 744. . F. ourret, History of the Catholic Church, London 1936, . III, . 215. . ' ' . F. urret, , . 299. ' . , . 398.209 743 , , . , . () ( . '), , . , . . , , ' .

208

683 743 , ' ( )210. . ' 211. , , . . . 212, , , . , ; . , . . . . , , , , ., . . , 1066. ' . , , . . . . . ' ' . . , . . 210

C.

Pfister, , . 135, 146. . 11.

211

C. Pfister, , . 151-155: P. Vinogradff, Foundations of Society (Origins of Feudalism), C , II, 631-654: F. L. Genshof, Feudalism, London 1954, . 3 -12, 16 -19.

212 , 593/594. . 2. . ' . 1) , 580, 2) , 581 . 601. 3) , , 636.

. , . . , . . .. G. Simons, Barbarian Europe, New York, 1968, . 105-106.

. , ; , ; , ; . , , 213. Sends. . . Decani. , . Decani , . 214. , , . , ... , , 215. 742 ' 18. , , ; . , , . , , ' ' . , , . , , 216. , , , 217. 9 , 15 218.

213

. Vinogradoff, Serfdom, EB, XX, 359: Feudalism, C , III, 479 - 481.

214 . eander, General History of the Church, London, 1847 - 55, . III, . 107 -108. . F. urret, History of the Catholic Church, London, 1936, . III, . 389.

215

. . 11. . 11.

18

216

217 . R. James, Learning and Literature till Pope Sylvester, II C , III, 543 : G. See1iger, Legislation and Administration of Charles the Great, C , , 663.

218 Einhard, Vita Karoli, XVIII, PL 98, 257. . F. urret, History of the Catholic Church, . III, . 410, . 114: A. Freemantle, Age of Faith, New York, 1965, . 19.

2) . ' ' ) , , , ) , . , , . 774 , . 781 . . 787 ' . . . ' , 219 . . , . , . . 180 , 511 683, 255 , 754 1009. , , . , . . , . 769 13 . . . 220. , ( ) , . . ' 963 , 1009. 1054 221. . ' () () . 219

G. Seeliger, Conquests and Imperial Coronation of Charles the Great, C , II, 602 - 604. F. urret, History of the Catholic Church, London, 1936, . II, . 353 - 355. , . 354, . 21.

220

221

222. ' 879. , , , , , , , Filioque ' . '223 224 . 867, ', , . T ' 1) ' , 225, 2) ( ) . . , . , , .. . , , , . ' 226. . ' ' 881 ' . ' 227.

867 . . 904 ' 962 . IB' (955 - 963) . C. W. Previt-Orton, Italy in the Tenth Century, CMH, III, 161. 962 . 1009 1071, ' . ' . ( G , Ep. VII, . 277) , . . . , . Mansi, XVII, 489. . . . , , 1973, . 375. . , . ' (858 - 867) ' (867 - 872) . ' Missus Domini ( , ) . , . 855 - 858 () ' (855-858). ' (872 - 882) (858 - 867, 877 - 886). F. Mourret, History of the Catholic Church, London, 1937, . III, . 441 ., 485 .226 225 224 223

222

, . , , , ... (Mansi, XVII, 489). . . . , , , 271.

227

Mansi, XVI, 420 - 425. , ', ' 1) , ' 2) ' 879 F. Dvornik, The Photian Schism, History and Legend, Cambridge, 1948, . 219 - 227. . .

867 . ' 800 . 962 ' ( ), . , imperator, . 963 . . , , 1009228. ' , 794 , . , 774. ' . ' . ' ' Filioque. ' 1009 () ' ' ' . () 962, 963 1009, Filioque . , . . Fernand Mourret , 229. ' Ibn Khaldum 230.

, , , 1948, . 336 -S37 , 879 869. . . F. ourret, History of the Catholic Church, London, 1936, . III, . 478 - 513: . IV, . 1-91: G. Every, The Byzantine Patriarchate, London, 1947, . 139 - 152. To , . . ' . IB' . Every. - C. W. Previt - Orton, Italy in the Tenth Century, C , III, 148 178 : A. L. oole, Germany: Henry I and Otto the Great: Otto and Otto , CMH, , 179 - 214 : . . Holthouse, The Emperor Henry II, CMH, , 215 - 252. . 594 - 611.229 228

History of the Catholic Church, London, 1936, . III, . 141. . ' . 26.

230

, ; ( ), , .

3) , . ' , , , . . , , , . , . . , . . () , . , . , ' ' . , . , , , . , , , . ' , , . , , , . . , . , .

4) , , .231

, , , , , . , , . 1009 . . , . , , . , . , , . , , , . , , . . . , , , ... . . , . , , . , (pallium). , ' . ' , , , . , . 1) 2) , , . . ' , . , ' . , . ( ) , , , , ' . ,231

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160 . . . , , ' , , . , , , . . . ( ) , . . , . , , . , , , , . , , . .

5) .232

. . , , , , , . . , ' . , , , , , , . , . ! . . . . .

232

. ' . 7. . ' .

, . , , , . , . . , , , . , . . . , . . .. , ... 300 ! ... 10 233. . . , . , . , , ! ! ! , , . , , , , . , . . , , , .

6) , . , , , , . , , , . . , . 233 30 1934. J. F. Stedman, My Sunday Missal, Brooklyn, . ., 1937, . 65 - 66. Nihil Obstat. James H. Griffiths, S.T.D., Censor Librorum Imprimatur. Thomas E. Molly, S.T.D., Bishop of Brooklyn, January 6, 1938.

, , , . , . , , . , . 234. , , . , , , . , , , ' . , , , , . , . , , . , . . . . , . . , . , . . , . . , , , . . ! , , , , ! , , , , . . , , .234

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, . . , . . , , , , , , , .

7) . . , , , , . , ' , ' , , . " , , . . . .. 5 , 5 , 5 , 5 15 , , , , ,.. . , . . ' . ! . . . , . , . , . , , . . . ' , , . ; . ,

, . . . , . . , , . , , . , , , ' . , . , , ' . ' , , , . , , , , , , . . , . . . . , 1) 2) . (, , ), . , . , , , . . , , , ; , ; ; , . , , . , ; ; , , .

, , . . , , . . , . . 1500 , . , , , . . . , , . , .

8) , . . , , . , , , . , (), () (). , . . , , . , . . , . . . , . 1821, . , , , .

35 2 . , , . 0 , ' ' , , , . 1830 Fallmerayer235 ' , , . , , ' . , , . Fallmerayer . , , Fallmerayer 1836 ' ' , 236. , . Fallmerayer, . . . . , . , . . , 1821 . . . (') . (') . , , .

235

J. P. Fallmerayer, Geschichte der Halbinsel Morea wahrend des Mittelalters, Stuttgart, 1830, . I. , 1836, . II.

236

, 1) , , , 2) . . (, ) , , . , . . ( ) . , , 146 .. 1821. 146 .. . , . . . , , , , . . , , , , . , , . . . , ' ' 1821. . . , ' . , , . . , . ' , , , , , ... . . , . . 0 , , , . . , . . .

. , , , , , . . . . , , ' .. ' . . , . , , ... ... ... , . , , , ... ' . 1) 1821 , , , , , , , , 2) , , 237 . . . (, ), . , , , , , . . , . 9) , .

, . ' . , , ... 238. . Ibn Khaldum (' ) .. 239. , ' ' . ; , 1) 2) .237 defendo ' ' 1439. .

238

(/) , , 1970. . ' . 26.

239

240, 1) , 2) 3) . . () . . 10) . . 100 ' . . .. , . , , . . , , , 1821. 11) 1821 - 1844. 1) , 2) 212 .., 3) , 4) , , , , 241. , . , , , , . . , , , . . . , , , . , , ' . , , , , , , , , , , , , 242. , . .

240

, . 41. . . , ; 1901.

241

242 , '. , .

, , , , , , , , , ... , , . , , . ' .. . . . . , , . ( ) 243. . , . , , , . , . , ' , . 1821 - 1829. . . . 1821 - 1829 , . . 1821 - 1829 . . . . 1821 1844. 1) , 1821 - 1829 2) , . , . . T 1821 1 1822, ' . 10 , : , , 244.

243

. . . , , , 1960, . 33.

244

, , . 245 ' 1823 : , , . , , , , , , ' 246. . . .247. ' 1827 : , ' , . ' , , . ' , , , , . ' 248. ' 1832 : ' . ' , , . ' , , . ' , , , . ' , , , ' . ' 249. , ' , 250. 1822 1832 1) 2) . . ' 251. . 3 1843 , , , 245

, . 34. , . 47. , . 48. , . 62. , . 94 - 95. , . 96.

246

247

248

249

250

251

' 1844 . , , , 1843 - 1844, . .

1829 1837 252. . 1827 1829 . . , . . , . . . . 1837 . . , . . , , , . , ... , , ... , . , , , ;. . . ' . , , ;253. , , , , . ' , , , ; , , 254 , , , . , , .

12) .252 , . 720-721. . 3 . . ) 1827 , 1829 . ) , , 1837, . ) , , 1827 1832 1832 1837 , 1837 1843 . , , , .

, . , . . , 1932, . ', . 574. 1887 , . , , .., , . 68.253

, . 191 193. , . 200.

254

. . , (. ', 8) , , . , . International Herald Tribune, 8 1975, . 5 , . ! ( ) . , , 1911. . , , , . . ( ) . . , , , , . 1821 - 1844, , . , . , . , , , , . 1821 - 1827 , . . . 1901 255. , . , ( ) , , , .

' 255

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256

. ', 5.

, 257, , . ' , , . ' . , 258. ! 6 7 . , , , . . , . , . , ' ' , . , , (Graecia), , ' . , ' , . . , , ' , , . . 1821 , , , . Romanus Graecus . , . , , . , , , , . , , . , , .

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, . . , (1438 - 1439) , , . , . 259 (1296 - 1359) o , 1341260. , . . , , , , , , ' , ' , ' ' ; , ... , . , , ...261. . ' . . ( ) , , , ' . , . , . . . . , , . - 962 1806 ' ', 1783 ' (1780 1790). , , , , 16 , , . . . , , , , , , , . . . , 262. .

259

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260

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262 ' . .

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, . , , ' . , , . , . , . . 263. 264. .. Du Gange, 1688265. (. 1311) Latinus, 266. Du Gange , . , , , , , , , sclavi, . , () , ' , . . ' . , . ' ' , , . , . , ' , . , . . , . Du Gange 100 . , . Du Gange , . Du Gange , , , .

263

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264

265

266

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2) Romania. , , , , .

1) , 2) . , . , , . , . . ' . . , . , ' . , , . . . ' (962) ' , . ' (872-882), Filioque , ' . (875) (881). () 920 ' 936. (963) IB'267 ' , ' , . 47 . ' : 1) (Imperatores) , . 2) Graecia, Imperium Graecum, Terra Graecorum Imperium Constantinopolitanum. 1009, , , , . ' Romania , , 754, , . . ' , , .

IB', . C. W. Previt - Orton, Italy in the Tenth Century, CMH, III, 161.

267

Romania ' 268. , . De Liutprando Rege269 1) ( ) ( ) , Universa Romania 2) , Magna Romania Langobardorum. R. L. Wolff270 Magna Romania Langobardorum Universam Romaniam Romaniam . , , ' Magna Romania Langobardorum271. ' , , , ( ). . , , ( ) . . ,