:1970-2003293: 1970-2003*1)Trend of Marxian Ratios in Korea:
1970-2003 Jeong,SeongJin 1970-2003 . ., 1980 . , 1980 .,1980-2000
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.2005(2005.2.25)(2005.5.20)2 (2005.5.27).,,LefterisTsoulfidis .
,.Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.29425. ,1970-2003. Shaikh
andTonak(1994),((1990;2004),(1994),(1996),(2000;2005),(2005)). . .
2 ,3 .4 . . : 1970-20031. ,. , Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
Ltd.:1970-2003295./ ,./. HardtandNegri(2004) Laibman(1999)
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2003;2004b),SavranandTonak(1999),.Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
Ltd.29625 . . ///., . , . , (), . ,,,,,, , ,,,,.
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.( 1986,1987 Li .)(3) (Lpi) (1) (Lpi*/Li*)(2)(Li).
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Wp=Wpi=(Wpi'/(Wpi'+Wui'))*Wi. (Wu) (W=Wi)Wp.Wu=W-Wp=Wi-Wp.Copyright
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2 ) ,.. 2.2 (v) , (v+s) , s=(v+s)-v , 5) (v+s) (v).
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2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003305s'=s/v=((v+s)-v)/v. .Shaikhand
Tonak(1994).(=MPP+MTP+
RYP+WPP+WUP+PP+MPT+MTT+RYT+WT+PT)(c+v+s).1(primaryflow)(1), ( ).
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NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-20033072(RYP)(MPT+MTT+RYT). / ,c,v, s .
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.Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.308253. .,
(operatingsurplus), (s) , . , . , (wageequivalent) .(v+s),(v) .
(s/v), ,,. , (downward biased)..(1990), . 1980 . Copyright (C) 2005
NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003309ShaikhandTonak(1994)
(wageequivalent) .(1)(wi) (Wi)( 4 ) (Li).8)wi=Wi/Li.(2)(1) (wi)
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,2000138.9%. ,1980-2000 . . ,(2005) Wolff(1987) ,. Mohun(2004) , .
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.Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003311
.(1994),(1996)(2000) , (2005) .(1994)(2000) , (2005) .(1996)(2005)
ShaikhandTonak(1994) (2005) ,21/ . 1980-2000 . . (PP), (WUP),2
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1980 c:v:s 59:16:25,2000 57: 18:25.(v+s) GDP. GDP 1995 1 . GDP
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1970-2000 ,(2004)Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
Ltd.:1970-2003313./. , .(Marx,1990:30) ./ . ,/ , , , . . /
Wolff(1987),Mohun (2004c)Wolff(2003),Mohun(2004a)/ .
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Dumniland Lvy(2002;2004)/. Moseley(1992;2004),/. ,Copyright (C)
2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.31425 . ,Moseley(1992) (Kp)
(s),s/KP,Shaikh(1999),Brenner(1998),Dumniland Lvy(2002;2004),
(K=KP+KT+KRY) (P=PP+PT+PRY) , P/K . (1)(s) , (KP) ,K=KP+KT+KRY.
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(1), (sU)(KU),2(PRY) . .9)9) Mage(1963)
,Moseley(1992;1997;1999;2004) . Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
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(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10). . (1) (PT) 2 (PRY).Copyright
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, ./,/ , . ./ ,/ .(2005)/, / . . / ,/(). Copyright (C) 2005
NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003317 . .(1)(K)(P),P/K.(2)K (2000) (Ki)
.K=Ki.(3)(Pi). P=Pi.(4) ,Pi Yi Wi.Pi=Yi-Wi.(5)Yi
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(Wei).Wi=Wi*+Wei.(Wei)3 3. (Ai, ) 1(Wi*/Li).Wei=(Wi*/Li)*Ai. 1(Wi*)
(Li) . (Li) Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
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(Hi).H=Hi.(Hi) (L*i,(Li)(Ai) . L*i=Li+Ai) 1
(hi).Hi=L*i*hi.L*iAi,hi.(8)GDPPy GDP (2000 ) GDP .GDPGDP .(9) Pk
(2000 ) . (2000).10)2. (2)(P/Y) (Y/K) 10)(2000) 2000 . 2003 . .
Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003319.11),-(P/W) ,
-(K/W) .12)(2)(3). PK=PYYK(2) +=KYYPKP(3)(2)(3)(P/Y)(Y/K) .
Mohun(2004a) (Y/K) (4)
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I/(I/K)In (InY)(I/In):'
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(4) +=HPk KHPy YPkPyKY ) / ( ) /
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((W/Py)/H),GDP
.(6),.PY=Y-WY=(YPy)/H-(WPy)/H(YPy)/H(6)3.1970-8612-16%Copyright (C)
2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003321 ,1987 1996 5.1% ,. 1970-2002
. 1997 1986-1996198613.3%1996 5.1%.1986 1997 . 1997 1996 1970 .
1997 . 1996 1997 .20026.6%,1970-2000197816.7%1/3.1997 5 .,,,, .
1970-2002 ,1970-80 ,1980 1997,1997 ,.13) 13)(stylizedfacts), 1980
,Jang(1999),(2001),(2004),(2005) .Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
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1970-1986326%,1986-2002 52% . 1970-2002 . 1997 1986-1996 . 1997
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197023.6%198033%,198630.4%19701.3. .Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia
Co., Ltd.:1970-2003323 1970-2002 .197054.5%198039.5%,1987 45% ,
1998 28.6% .1997,200232.9%. 1970-2002 .1996-2002
1970-2002(),(K/Pk)/H. ((Y/Py)/H).,1997 .1997((Y/Py)H) (Pk) GDP(Py)
, Py/Pk . 2000 Py/Pk Py , Pk .2000 Pk 1970.Pk 1997
.1970-2002Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
Ltd.32425.1971-80,19711979,((W/Py)/H)((Y/Py)/H) . ,,, .19801980
2,1980. (1) , .1980 ,1980 .14)14) . (P/K) (2)(P/Y)(Y/K)(1)/,sUKU ,(
(1) (2) ), , .Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003325.
1970-2003 ., 1980 .,1980. ,1980-2000140% ,1990. / .
1970-2002.20026.6%197816.7%1/3. 1970-1987, , .1970-2002 1980,.1997
.1997 , . 1970-2003 / Jeong(1997), 1970-80 1980 Copyright (C) 2005
NuriMedia Co., Ltd.32625 1997 ,1987.,2005,, 2005,2000, ,
,2005,1980, 2005,1994,, ,1996,,,2001,,, 1998,-E, ,11,2004,,,1990, ,
,2004,1997, Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
Ltd.:1970-2003327,64,2000,
(1953-2000),,91Brenner,R.1998,UnevenDevelopmentandtheLongDownturn:The
AdvancedCapitalistEconomiesfromBoomtoStagnation,1950-1998,
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ItFall?DidItRecover?USA1948-2000,ReviewofRadicalPolitical
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Profitability(UnitedStates,1952-2000),ReviewofRadicalPolitical
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Dissertation,ColumbiaUniversityMarx,K.1990,,3,,Mohun,S.1998,UnproductiveLaborandtheRateofProfitinAustralia
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Ltd.328251966/67-1991/92,inR.Bellofioreed.,MarxianEconomics:AReappraisal,
Vol.2,MacmillanMohun,S.2002,ProductiveandUnproductiveLabor:AReplytoHoustonand
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Anti-Capitalism:AMarxistIntroduction,PlutoPressMohun,S.2004a,TheAustralianRateofProfit1965-2001,Journalof
AustralianPoliticalEconomy,No.52Mohun,S.2004b,OnMeasuringtheWealthofNations:theU.S.Economy,
1964-2001,CambridgeJournalofEconomics,MimeoMohun,S.2004c,DistributiveSharesintheU.S.Economy,1964-2001,
MimeoMoseley,F.1992,TheFallingRateofProfitinthePostwarUnitedStatesEconomy,
St.Martin'sPressMoseley,F.1997.TheRateofProfitandtheFutureofCapitalism.Reviewof
RadicalPoliticalEconomics,Vol.29,No.4Moseley,F.1999,TheDeclineoftheRateofProfitinthePost-warUnited
StatesEconomy:DuetoIncreasedCompetitionorIncreasedUnproductive
Labour,HistoricalMaterialism,No.4,SummerMoseley,F.2004,MarxianCrisisTheoryandthePostwarU.S.Economy,
ConferencePaper,InstituteforSocialSciences,GyeongsangNational
University,May22Rieu,Dong-Min.2005,EstimatingtheSectoralRatesofSurplusValue:
MethodologicalIssues,InstituteforSocialSciences,GyeongsangNational
UniversityCopyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
Ltd.:1970-2003329Savran,S.andE.A.Tonak.1999,ProductiveandUnproductiveLabour:An
AttemptatClarificationandClassification,CapitalandClass,No.68Shaikh,A.1992,TheFallingRateofProfitastheCauseofLongWaves:
TheoryandEmpiricalEvidence,inA.Kleinknechtet.al.eds.,New
FindingsinLong-WaveResearch,St.Martin'sPressShaikh,A.1999,ExplainingtheGlobalEconomicCrisis,HistoricalMaterialism,
No.5,WinterShaikh,A.andE.A.Tonak.1994,MeasuringtheWealthofNations,Cambridge
UniversityPressWolff,E.N.1987.Growth,Accumulation,andUnproductiveActivity.Cambridge:
CambridgeUniversityPressWolff,E.N.2003,What'sBehindtheRiseinProfitabilityintheUSinthe
1980sand1990s,CambridgeJournalofEconomics,No.27,No.4Copyright (C)
2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.33025 /(2000404 ) 1 1-30 31-45 46-304
305-311 312-328
333-351375-376(())379(())380()383(())387(())362-363()364-365()369()370()371()389(())390-391()392-393()394-395()396-397()398-401()
331-332329-330()366()2352-360(.358())361()367()368()
372-373()374(())377-378(())381-382(())384-385(())386(())388(())402()403()404():,Copyright
(C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003331 , : 1970-2002 (1)P/K
(2)P/Y (3)Y/K P/Y Y/K1970-2002 -1.47% -0.61% -0.86% 41.33%
58.67%1970-1986 -0.33% 0.75% -1.09% -226.32% 326.32%1986-2002
-2.17% -1.03% -1.14% 47.54% 52.46%1986-1996 -3.92% -2.52% -1.40%
64.32% 35.68%1996-2002 1.66% 1.63% 0.02% 98.53% 1.47%: 1)
(annualexponentialrateofgrowth) . . 2)(1)=(2)+(3) : 1970-2002
(1)Y/K (2)Py/Pk (3)(Y/Py)/H (4)(K/Pk)/H (5)(W/Py)/H1970-2002 -0.86%
0.58% 1.98% 3.42% 2.17%1970-1986 -1.09% 1.10% 1.50% 3.68%
1.22%1986-2002 -1.14% 0.16% 2.13% 3.42% 2.44%1986-1996 -1.40% 0.02%
2.34% 3.75% 3.08%1996-2002 0.02% 0.40% 1.64% 2.01% 1.28%:
1)1).2)(1)=(2)+(3)-(4)Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.33225
/* :(),() (Lp/L): 1980-200340%50%60%70%80%90%100%1980 1982 1984
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
(Lp/L):1980-2003Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003333
(Lp/L):1970-2003 ()50%55%60%65%70%75%80%85%90%95%100%1970 1975 1980
1985 1990 1995 2000()()()() / :
1980-20000%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%1980 1983 1985 1986 1987
1988 1990 1993 1995 1998 2000: Lp( ), Lup( ), Luu( )LuuLupLp
(Lp/L):1970-2003() /: 1980-2000Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
Ltd.33425 / :1980-20000%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%1980 1983
1985 1986 1987 1988 1990 1993 1995 1998 2000: Wp(Lp ), Wup(Lup ),
Wuu(Luu )WuuWupWp : Shaikh and Tonak(1994) 2 MPPMPTMPRYCPIPGPXP
MTPMTTMTRYCTITGTXT2 RYPRYTRYRYRYCRYIRYGRYXWPPWTWRYWUP PPPTPRY
KPKTKRY:M(),P(. ),T(),RY(2( );,,),W(),P(),C(),I(),G(),X().MPP(
,),MTP(),RYP( 2 ),WPP( ),WUP(),WT().KP(),KT(),KRY(2) /:
1980-2000Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003335 :
1980-20000%20%40%60%80%100%120%140%160%180%1980 1983 1985 1986 1987
1988 1990 1993 1995 1998 2000 : 1980-2000
()0%50%100%150%200%250%300%350%400%1980 1983 1985 1986 1987 1988
1990 1993 1995 1998 2000(2005)Wolff(1987)Mohun(2004)(1990) :
1980-2000 : 1980-2000()Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.33625
:1985-20000%50%100%150%200%250%300%350%400%1985 1986 1987 1988 1990
1993 1995 1998 2000(2005)(1996)(1994)(2000) :
1980-20000%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%1980 1983 1985 1986 1987
1988 1990 1993 1995 1998 2000: GOT(), RYP(), WUP( ),
PP()GOTRYpWupPp : 1980-2000 : 1985-2000GOTCopyright (C) 2005
NuriMedia Co., Ltd.:1970-2003337 :
1970-20020%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%18%1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 :
1970-2002-0.4-0.200.20.40.60.811.21970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
2000Y/KPy/Pk(Y/Py)/H(K/Pk)/H : 1970-2002 : 1970-2002Copyright (C)
2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.33825 GDP (Py)
(Pk)1970-200200.20.40.60.811.21970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
2000PkPy : 1970-2002-10%0%10%20%30%40%1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
2000: P/Y , (Y/Py)/H (W/Py)/H P/Y(Y/Py)/H(W/Py)/H GDP
(Py)(Pk)1970-2002 : 1970-2002Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co.,
Ltd.:1970-2003339ABSTRACTTrendofMarxianRatiosinKorea:1970-2003Jeong,SeongJinDepartment
of Economics, Gyeongsang National
UniversityThispaperattemptstoestimatekeyMarxianratios,includingtherateof
surplusvalue,fortheKoreaneconomyduring1970-2003.Thispapertriesto
substantiallyreviseandupdateexistingstudiesbytherigorousapplicationof
Marxianmethodandusingmoreaccuratedatasourcesonproductiveand
unproductivelabor.Unproductivelaborhasonlybeguntoincreasesincelate
1980sinKorea,afterithadmaintainedverylowleveltillthatperiod.The
extraordinaryhighlevelofproductivelaborduring1970-80sseemstoberelated
withtherapideconomicgrowthinthisperiod.Therateofsurplusvaluehas
sustainedfairlystablelevel,around140%,during1980-2000inKorea.Therate
ofprofitforthenon-farmbusinesssectorhasfallensignificantlyduring
1970-2002.Itwas6.6%in2002,onlyaboutathirdof1978,16.7%,the
highestpointduring1970-2002.Fallingrateofprofitwasbehindtheeconomic
crisisof1997.Recoveryoftherateofprofitsince1997crisiswaslargely
indebtedtoincreasingexploitationaswellasdramaticdevaluationoffixed
capital.Key-words:Unproductivelabor,rateofsurplusvalue,rateofprofit*:2005.7.15,:2005.7.19,:2005.8.9Copyright
(C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd.
