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Η ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΩΣ ΠΡΟΤΕΚΤΟΡΑΤΟ ΤΗΣ ΥΠΕΡΕΘΝΙΚΗΣ ΕΛΙΤ: Η ανάγκη για άμεση έξοδο από την ΕΕ και για Αυτοδύναμη

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του Τάκη ΦωτόπουλουΚΥΚΛΟΦΟΡΕΙ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΕΚΔΟΣΕΙΣ ΓΟΡΔΙΟΣ ΣΤΑ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΠΩΛΕΙΑ. ΣΤΗΡΙΞΤΕ ΤΗΝ ΕΝΤΥΠΗ ΕΚΔΟΣΗ!http://inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloshttp://inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos/greek/grbooks_gordios_EE_2010/grbooks_gordios_EE_2010.htmhttp://www.antipagkosmiopoihsh.grΗ θέση που αναπτύσσεται στο βιβλίο αυτό, τόσο για τα αίτια της σημερινής οικονομικής κρίσης όσο και για τον τρόπο διεξόδου από αυτή, διαφέρει ριζικά τόσο από τη θέση των σοσιαλφιλελευθέρων, όσο και από αυτή της παραδοσιακής Αριστεράς.Οι πρώτοι αποδίδουν την ουσιαστική (αν και ακόμη όχι τυπική) χρεοκοπία στη διαφθορά, την κακοδιαχείριση, τον υπέρογκο δημόσιο τομέα, τις ανελαστικές σχέσεις εργασίας, τα κλειστά επαγγέλματα κ.λπ. Γι’ αυτό και η «λύση» που προτείνουν είναι τα ληστρικά κατά των λαϊκών στρωμάτων μέτρα που ήδη παίρνει η κοινοβουλευτική «Χούντα» του ΠΑΣΟΚ χωρίς την παραμικρή λαϊκή εξουσιοδότηση, κατ’ εντολή των ντόπιων και ξένων ελίτ, τα οποία στοχεύουν στη πλήρη ενσωμάτωση της οικονομίας στη νεοφιλελεύθερη παγκοσμιοποίηση και οδηγούν στη συνεχή επιδείνωση της κρίσης, τουλάχιστον όσον αφορά στα λαϊκά στρώματα.Από την άλλη μεριά, οι εξηγήσεις της παραδοσιακής Αριστεράς συνήθως αποδίδουν τα αίτιά της στον «κακό» σχεδιασμό της ΟΝΕ που εγγενώς ευνοεί τα μητροπολιτικά κέντρα και κυρίως την Γερμανία, η οποία αυξάνει την ανταγωνιστικότητά της σε βάρος των χωρών του Ευρωπαϊκού Νότου, ή στις «κακές» νεοφιλελεύθερες πολιτικές που εφαρμόζει το Διευθυντήριο των Βρυξελλών. Γι’ αυτό και η εναλλακτική «λύση» της Αριστεράς αυτής επικεντρώνεται στην έξοδό μας από την ΟΝΕ, αλλά όχι και την ΕΕ, πράγμα που κάνει εντελώς αντιφατικές τις προτάσεις της για παράλληλη διαγραφή όλου ή μέρους του Χρέους.Αντίθετα, για το βιβλίο αυτό η απώτερη αιτία της κρίσης θεμελιώνεται στην μεταπολεμική υιοθέτηση από τις ντόπιες πολιτικές και οικονομικές ελίτ ενός εξωστρεφούς μοντέλου οικονομικής «ανάπτυξης», το οποίο έπαιξε καθοριστικό ρόλο στη δημιουργία ενός διαστρεβλωμένου παραγωγικού προτύπου και ενός αντίστοιχου καταναλωτικού που οδήγησε σε ένα χρόνιο και συνεχώς διευρυνόμενο άνοιγμα μεταξύ του τι παράγουμε και τι καταναλώνουμε και σε μια χρόνια δομική κρίση που με την σημερινή έκρηξη του Χρέους σηματοδότησε το σκάσιμο της αναπτυξιακής «φούσκας». Όπως δείχνει το βιβλίο, η ένταξή μας στην ΕΕ και την ΟΝΕ έπαιξε καθοριστικό ρόλο σε αυτή τη διαδικασία. Αυτό σημαίνει ότι η άμεση έξοδος από την ΕΕ αποτελεί όχι μόνο την αναγκαία και επαρκή συνθήκη για την έξοδο από την κρίση χωρίς τη σημερινή κατεδάφιση των κοινωνικών κατακτήσεων δεκαετιών, αλλά και την βασική προϋπόθεση για τη δημιουργία των βάσεων οικονομικής αυτοδυναμίας (όχι αυτάρκειας) και τη συμβολή στο κτίσιμο μιας νέας Ευρώπης των λαών και των περιφερειών που θα βασίζεται στον αυτοκαθορισμό και την ποιοτική ανάπτυξη.ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΕΑ (σελ. 17) ΜΕΡΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΝ: Η ΜΕΤΑΠΟΛΕΜΙΚΗ ΕΝΣΩΜΑΤΩΣΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΑΓΚΟΣΜΙΑ ΑΓΟΡΑ ΩΣ Η ΑΠΩΤΕΡΗ ΑΙΤΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΣΗΜΕΡΙΝΗΣ ΚΡΙΣΗΣ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 1: Ο ΣΥΣΤΗΜΙΚΟΣ ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΚΡΙΣΗΣ (σελ. 23) ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 2 : H ΑΠΟΤΥΧΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΜΕΤΑΠΟΛΕΜΙΚΟΥ ΜΟΝΤΕΛΟΥ «ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ» (σελ. 35) ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 3 : ΤΑ ΑΙΤΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΣΥΝΕΠΕΙΕΣ ΤΗΣ ΔΟΜΙΚΗΣ ΚΡΙΣΗΣ (σελ. 49) ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 4 : Η ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΝΟΜΟΜΙΚΗ ΚΡΙΣΗ ΩΣ Η ΑΛΛΗ ΟΨΗ ΤΗΣ ΔΟΜΙΚΗΣ ΚΡΙΣΗΣ (σελ. 67) ΜΕΡΟΣ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟ : OΙ ΣΥΝΕΠΕΙΕΣ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΕΝΤΑΞΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΙΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΥΡΩΖΩΝΗ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 5 : ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΑ ΜΠΛΟΚ ΚΑΙ ΕΘΝΙΚΕΣ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΕΣ ΣΗΜΕΡΑ (σελ. 89) ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 7 : Η ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΟΝΕ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΥΡΩΖΩΝΗ (σελ. 135) ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 8 : ΟΙ ΣΥΝΕΠΕΙΕΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΝΤΑΞΗΣ ΜΑΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΟΚ/ΕΕ (σελ. 167) ΜΕΡΟΣ ΤΡΙΤΟ: Η ΜΕΤΑΤΡΟΠΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ ΣΕ ΠΡΟΤΕΚΤΟΡΑΤΟ ΤΗΣ ΥΠΕΡΕΘΝΙΚΗΣ ΕΛΙΤ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 9 : ΠΩΣ ΦΘΑΣΑΜΕ ΣΤΗ ΧΡΕΟΚΟΠΙΑ (σελ. 241) ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 10 : Ο«ΜΟΝΟΔΡΟΜΟΣ» ΚΑΙ Η ΕΝΑΛΛΑΚΤΙΚΗ ΛΥΣΗ (σελ. 269) ΜΕΡΟΣ ΤΕΤΑΡΤΟ : Η ΑΡΙΣΤΕΡΑ ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΡΙΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΕ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 11 : Ο «ΜΟΝΟΔΡΟΜΟΣ», Η ΑΡΙΣΤΕΡΑ ΚΑΙ Η ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ (σελ. 299) ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 12 : Η ΑΠΑΡΑΔΕΚΤΗ ΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΡΕΦΟΡΜΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΑΡΙΣΤΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΔΙΦΟ

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www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosTAKH TOOYOH EAA POTEKTOPATO TH YEPENIKH EITH EE O www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos 2010 http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos/ 17 - 104 33 .: 210 8252279 - Fax: 210 8210506e-mail: [email protected] 978-960-6826-18-4www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos - () -, . . , , .. :1. . , ,,,, .. , , .2. / - . , / .3. (PayPal) .. - - . ! PayPal ( [email protected]): www.inclusivedemocracy.org/pd/stiriksi.htm : . :211/636454-31 : GR9501102110000021163645431. SWIFT (BIC): ETHNGRAAwww.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosTOY IIOYE A: H E (E, A, 1985 1987)O K (E, A, 1991)H N K O A (-, A, 1993)H N T E (K, A, 1997)Towards an Inclusive Democracy (Cassell, London & New York, 1997 & 1998) (K, A, 1999)Per Una Democrazia Globale (Eleuthera, Milano, 1999)N: - (E T, A, 1999)H N T B, O A (, A, 1999), A, : H (E- T, A, 2000)H - A - (E T, A, 2000), A (E -, A, 2002)Vers une Dmocratie Gnrale: Une Dmocratie Directe, conomique, cologiqueet Sociale (Seuil, Paris, 2002)Hacia una Democracia Inclusiva (Nordan, Montevideo, 2002)Umfassende Demokratie (Trotzdem Verlag, Grafenau, 2003)O T - H (-, A, 2003)O K T, M - (, A, 2004)H K (, A, 2005)www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosThe Multidimensional Crisis and Inclusive Democracy (IJID, 2005 - electronicedition)(K -Jinan, 2008) - 10 X M (E T, A, 2008)The Pink Revolution in Iran and the Left (IJID, 2009-electronic edition)H K, E A K (K, A,2009)www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosEPIEXOMENA ......................................................17MEPO PTONH KEAAIO 1O YTHMIKO XAPAKTHPA TH KPIH ............23H ................................................................23H ....................................................................26H ..................................................................29H ................................................................31H ..........................................................................33www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 2 H AOTYXIA TOY METAOEMIKOY MONTEOY ANATYH..........................................35H ....35O ......39O B 1965-73............40O ..........44KEAAIO 3 TA AITIA KAI OI YNEEIE TH OMIKH KPIH ......................................................49E, ............49M ............................50 ..541. H O ..................................................542. T - - ........563. X ................574. T I ........................................................635. H ....................................................65KEAAIO 4 H HMOIONOMIKH KPIH H AH OH TH OMIKH KPIH..................67T B ..................................................................67www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosT X: ............................69T X: ................................76O ..........................79MEPO EYTEPOO KEAAIO 5 OIKONOMIKA MOK KAI ENIKE OIKONOMIE HMEPA....................................................89M ..............................................................89H ......................94H ..............................................99T ......................................................103www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 6 H YNHKH MAATPIXT KAI H ENTAH THN ENIAIA AOPA......................................................107H E A M ..............................................107H EE ..........................................................................115T -................................124H M......................128KEAAIO 7 H EAA THN ONE KAI THN EYPZNH........135 ;..............................................................135O ..................138H EN, ONE......................................................142 ;................................146 E;....................................................................149T E: ....................................................156www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 8 OI YNEEIE TH ENTAH MA THN EOK/EE....................................................................167T EOK/EE......................................167O EE......................................................171O K ........................1781. H EOK/EE ..............................................1802. H ..........................1873. H K K A ..................1984. H T A ....................................................2075. T ..................................2236. H ............................................231MEPO TPITO H METATPOH TH EAO E POTEKTOPATO TH YEPENIKH EITKEAAIO 9 AAME TH XPEOKOIA..............................241 : 2009............................................................241 : www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ..............................................245O ............................247O ....................251H ........................255H E EE ............260KEAAIO 10 O MONOPOMO KAI H ENAAKTIKH YH ....269O X..............269H E T........................................272H X E............................276M - ......................................................283 ;..................................................................................289T A ....................292MEPO TETAPTOH APITEPA AENANTI THN KPIH KAI THN EEKEAAIO 11 O MONOPOMO, H APITEPA KAI H EYPAKH ENH..........................................299H A........................................................302www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ;..................................................304KEAAIO 12 H AAPAEKTH TAH TH PEOPMITIKH APITEPA KAI H IOPOYMENH TAH TH ANTIYTHMIKH ..................................................311H K-M A....................................................313H A..........................321H A A EE ..................................323A) K A ........................324B) E A......................................329H A (,A B) EE..............332KEAAIO 13 OIKOOOI KAI ATPITIKH APITEPA ............339O-, A ... ..........................................................340H A EE..................................3441. ........................................3452. H A............................3473. A E......................................................................3514. O ........................................3565. H A M ..............................................361www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosMEPO EMTONOIKONOMIKH AYTOYNAMIA KAI AKOMIOOIHHKEAAIO 14 EINAI YNATH H OIKONOMIKH AYTOYNAMIA E YNHKE AKOMIOOIHH;....................373 ;............................................373E ;............381O ..............3851. ............................................3862. ..............................................387KEAAIO 15 H OIKONOMIKH AYTOYNAMIA EMEIO IA TH METABAH E MIA ....................................395H ............................................................395 E ........397H ........................................400 ............................................................................409www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos T - , , A! , , . E-, M , A, , , . K , MME, , - , , , - , , , .H , - A. O , . M , ( 4) www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos EE M. T - - . A , - A ONE , - N. , , - ONE ( EE!)A, , , -, - - . H , , - - - . T , , - B , X . , , , , - , , - . H , E E, , - . E - ( - ) EE E ,, . E - E, , -18www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , , EE ONE , , -, , - -. , , ( , - ) . K , - 21 - B N, , B ( B N ), - N ( B N ).O , , , A, , , - , . ,o oo o , , .K -oo o o, o o, o- ooo o o oo o o o - o o o o. M , - o o o o o , , -/oo o oo E, -. To E , , E o- ( ) , o -19www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o Eo o o ooo, oo o o o, o o ooo o.T , O, 201020www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosMEPO PTONH www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloswww.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 1O YTHMIKO XAPAKTHPA TH KPIHH E, - , , -. O - , - ( 15 2008) , , ( , , - , , ..) - . H , - , - .H O H , , , - E - . ( , ), , EN . , , (!) , :www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos EN , - N -, - AOK , , , - ( , ) N. EN - , -, , .., - , - .. - , - - , - -. EN , E , - A1. , , , - E, . EN , .. , - - . K,, .241. . .., . M, K. , K. B .. (. . 13).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos EN N, ( ) , - .., A K .. O , , -- 2. O - , . H EINAI, , - E , - - 3. M , , , ( - ) - , , EOK/EE - E.H , , ooo- o o 252. B. T. , K, A , . Steen Best (K, 2008).3. B. T , - 10 X M (E T,2008).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosooo , o o o o o - o ooo . , , , - - - 4 - - .H K , ,, , , , , - , - . T - MME, B, . T - M 2010 , , - .K , , E , - ( ). , E N 264. B. T , H K, E A K(K, 2009).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , - ( M ) , - . , , - M , , , - , , : , , Marfin , ( -), A - , Y . H , A B -. O , - , , - - . , - E , - , . - , , E , -27www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ! .H , , - , - -. A K - , EKKE5. 60% - ( , ), 42% A. A , , , - , - ( - ), , ( - , , - ). E , , - , , , , - , , ... , A- 6. K - - , -, , , E, E ! - 285. EKKE, European Social Surey-ESS (N 2003).6. . .., . , , (21/4/2009) & - , (29/5/2010).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , - , - , ! , - . H - - . ,, Siemens -, , - : HA I B. K, , - , , , - , , . , Siemens . E - MME, , - .H , -, , , - -29www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos EE . O - , N- - AEI TEI (.. 8). A 7, - , , - B. B - , ..T , , , , .T, E, -, , , -, - , - - I E- ., - E B . H -307. B. T , N: (E T, 1999).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , -, , , -, B, A .. H - B brain drain, - -. K , , , , - ! A- , , E, - EE, , - N, - ( E T), B ( -!) , , .H O KK , , - A A . H 2007, , , . - , , , 31www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos E, 8. K , , , / -: . , - . T , - , . K, , O- ( EE) AOK - , -9, E , ( ). ( ) , - .X ONE E, , , ,, - I . T E , , - ( ) 328. T , The deadly fires in Greece: a tragedy or the ineitable outcomeof the criminal elites actiities?, The International Journal of Inclusie Democracy, vol.3, No. 4 (October 2007) - : H , E (1 2007).9. B. .. o Ted Trainer The International Journal of Inclusie Democracy. http://www.inclusiedemocracy.org/journal/ www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , - , ..H K T, , - , , . E -, . E - , ( ), - ( ) - , - , . , - E E E. O E ( ) N- , , N- E- - . A, E - , , E- . M, , E- E , - , , - . K , - - E, -33www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos . , - , E , , () , - , - ! H , (. . 13), A10 - EE!3410. K, . K, - E - . P, X. ..www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 2H AOTYXIA TOY METAOEMIKOY MONTEOY ANATYHH M , , E E, o , o o o 6% (1950-80)1 o o o - , - A . T , , - (1980-2000) o 1,5%2, - (2000-2008) 4,2%3, ( - ) E4. H , , , E-, o NT E K- T (EKT) -1. . T. , H N K O A- ( 1993) . 7. O on line: http://www.inclusiedemocracy.org/fotopoulos/greek/grbooksconsensus/grbooksconsensus.htm2. World Bank, World Deelopment Indicators 2002, Table, 4.1.3. World Bank, World Deelopment Indicators 2010, Table 4.1.4. O N. K: E ... 20-25 , H (10-11/7/2004).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o E! E - 30 EOK/EE - ( ) - EE (E 15)5- E . K, , - E , .M , - 1980 ( E-) . , -o o o o ooo, o oo o 1980o , o o.o o o, o o o, o - o ooo o oo, o EOK. H o o oooo o o o oo o - Eo , 6. H o oo o-o 1980, o oMo M, ooo o . K , K , , , , , . , 1980-1999 , (2000-2006) (. . 8)365. World Development Indicators 2010, Table 1.1. 6. X, , Koo - 28% 1987, 6% o 1980, - !www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloso o o, o o oo o o ooo o o o o o - o ooo o 1960 o 1970. A ooo, o o ooo o o o o o, 19807.T, , o o o - 1960 o 1970, o oo o o o , o , E . H - - 1980-99 - 3% , . , - , o 1950 o o o oo o o o, o ooo o 44% 59% o oo8. , 1980 , o o o o o oo - . , - , , - . H . E,, o o o o o AE - - ., - o 1950 ( 47% 80%), - o o o 377. O o o oo 7,5% o o-o o 70, o 4,5% 80.8. World Deelopment Indicators 2010, .. Table 2.3.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloso E. X, 1990-2000 2,6% (4,8%)9, - E , - E E oo 2000-2008 4,8% E - 2% E10. - - . , o : , o o, o o oo -oo ( oo oo , ) , o o oo, o o o. E, , (, -) o 1920, - o . A-, , , o o o o o 1940 - ooo o HA ooo - o11, .389. World Deelopment Indicators 2006 & 2010, Table 4.1.10. World Deelopment Indicators 2010, Table 4.1.11. B. T , E A: E (E, 1985 & 1987). O on line : http://www.inclusiedemocracy.org/fotopoulos/greek/grbooksexartimeni/grbooksexartimeni.htm www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosO - , , - , - . H , , o ooo. O - o o o 40% - o oo o - oo o o. , o o o - 33%12, 53% o 1929 66% o 1938! H ooo oo- o oo ( , o ) . To o o o, o - o o - o. - o o o E I (EI), o o, o o o oo o o o ooo, , o . , E o o13 , - A K X (AKX). O o EI oo, , o oo o o o o, o 1960, o 3912. H 44% 1950 38% , 32,5% 2008 ( 100% !). B. N , .. . 2 World Deelopment Indicators 2010, Table 4.4 & 4.5.13. H oo o oo o o oo o o AE.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosooo o ooo o - o o 14, o . To o o -o oo o o ( o o o o 1950) o o o o EI15. o, o o o o oEI o o 1970 16 o o Ioo To , oo - EOK.O B 1965-73H Bo- o 1965-73, - o o ooo o o - o , oo oo o o o o /. H E, - , o ooo o o o o, . , ooo o o -4014. H o E (. o o AE) o AKX (0,34 0,26 o o 1990, T) o 1950. 15. , o o 2/3o o o EI, o 1960 , , o oo, oo o- (N , ..).16. , 2.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , - , K E, 1.220.00017. T oo o o , oo o o-o o o oo . , , - o, o oo- o 18, - , oo. M , E, -, oo -o oo, o o oo / o o 14% o o o oo 1961-7119, oo - . o , E - o o, , X , - o E. O E, o oo o 1974,o o o o o20. A, o oo - oo 1968-73 , o- , -o oo o oo. , , ( - 4117. M. , O , E- (22/4/2010).18. B. T. oo, E , E , .., . 117-30. 19. M. N-, H o E Bo (, 1983), . 108.20. B. . oo, Eo : , , o (IOBE, 1986).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , - ), -. , o, o o o o o o oo o oo o , - o o o, o 21.A, o , o o- o - ooo. , o ooo (o, E, o , o, oo) oo - ooo ( o ooo) o ooo, o .I o , , -, oo o, o -o , o o - o .H , , ooo, o o , o oo o o , , , . A, - - E I , -, , o o o o (o -o). , , o 70, , , o o o o, o o o o . , o oo o o Bo o o 1965-73 ( o o) 1974 oo oo oo . 4221. T. oo, E , .., . 172-82.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosH o o -, o ( )o oo 1965-73. To o, o, ooo o o o o o o o o , oo , oo oo - o o . T o, , o o o -o, o - , . oooo o o o - o oo, o E, o o o 1980, -o o 3% o o o o.A, o o o o o-o o (oo, ), o oo- 22, oo o o o o - o o o o o.Eoo, oo o oo o o - o o o oo, - B 23., , o o o o -, o oo o - o, o o o o o oo o o - o. o o- (A E Nooo A) E 4322. T. Fotopoulos, Key sectors in the Greek Economy, Greek Economic Reiew, o 2, . 1, . 78-86.23. T. oo, E , .., . 198-206.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o . T o o o o ( o o o) o o -, o o o oo, , o ooo o , o - , o o - .O o o, o o o, o o o- o o , o o o - o . O o o o, oo oo o 15% o o -o, o (56%) o- oo, o o o -o o o o o. , oo o AE,o o o OOA. A oo Bo (1965-73) E o 3% o E o o, o ooo oo (, I, I, O, Bo) - , I, o oo24. Ho , o o (o 28% o -o) o , o o o oo. , o oooo o 40% o oo 1950-89, 2/3 o o o- o oo (, o, o). H - o oo o o o4424. OECD, Economic Sureys: Greece 1978, . 29.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o o o -o, o ooo. A , oo o o o -o o o o, o o oo 25. A - o o o o o o o- o oo , o - . o , o,o o, oo o - o o, o, o o, o, ooo oo o, o o oo o - N. o26( ), o o o.To oo o o - o, o o - . , - o o, oo oo E, o -, o o AKX o ( o o - 4525. To 1986-89 o o o (27,5% 5% o-ICAP). E, oo o N. o (N. Papandreou, International Reiew ofApplied Economics, .., . 13) o oo o o o8% o , o o o 1960, o o o 10% , o o 1970 1980.26. N. Papandreou, Finance and industry: the case of Greece, International Reiew of Applied Economics, 5, . 1 (1991), . 9.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o ) o o o- , o -oo o o27. H o, EOK, o o o28. E, E Ao o 1993, o o oo ( Koo ) - , o oo o o, - . H o o o o Ko , -o o o, E oo o. E, o, o, oo o oo o o o, o o -, o o o -. To o, o, o o o, o o 90, - o o oo oo o, ooo , o EA (. . 6). o o - o . -o, ooo- , o Ioo , o/ o ., o o oo o o Ioo -. , o -o o o o-: o, o Eo Ioo, 4627. To 1980, o oo (, o, , , , , , , o) o 60% - 2/3 o. 28. H Koo o oo o - ( o 1980 o 1987) - EOK .www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , o, o Ioo , o o / - .., -oo o. E, o o o oo o o- o o -. H , o, o o oo o , ooo o o-o o (. . 14), - o o oo -. A oo . o o , o o o - o oo o o o o o o oo oo o. , , - E, , 29, o o 70, oo 80, 20% 1970 , E, , !30O, , E o oo o o OOA, , o o o o . A, - - . 4729. T. , H N K O A(, 1993), 1.30. World Deelopment Indicators 2010, Table 4.2.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloswww.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 3TA AITIA KAI OI YNEEIE TH OMIKH KPIH E, , , - o ( - - , , , , - , , - ..), , , E; H , , - , - , , , , :) ) , ., o o o, o o ooo, o-o , 15% o o AE - o 1950, 20% oo 1960-791. A oo o 1. T , E , E , ( 1985), . 5.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloso , o o, oo o , ,o o , . M, o o Ioo , -2 o o 1960 , - E EOK, o o-o ooo o o. H o oo o - o oo oo o o o Ioo . E- o Ioo , o - o oo o 1970, o o o Bo- o, o o , o o o o o, o o o . A , , , B 1965-73 , - ( / -) - , , , EOK 1981 .M -502. B. T , N - ( 1993), 13.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , - . , - E, X , , , , , , . , ,o o o o o- o o o . Eoo,o o o o o - oo .o o, , o o , ooo , o - o (, ..) - o o o, o ooo3. , - E o o 74% o AE o 1990, 57% o o E. , , o oo o o 2008 10% AE E, 16% E4, - (5% 2009!)5 - . K , - .. I E, - , - NT , ! 513. OECD, Economic Sureys, Greece 1986-7, . 38.4. World Bank, World Deelopment Indicators 2010, Table 4.85. TE 2010, E , , 7% AE 2008 5% 2009, . H . www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , , - o o o o . -, - , , (K ..).A, oo o o o ooo o 6, o -o o o o, , oo o - o . -; K , o o o ooo oo, o o , . M Koo 19907, o - o - (o ooo E o o - ) o , o 1980, 2/3 Ko o No (oo, E, I, I) oo E oo8 Ko. A, E E9, E, 27 EOK/EE, , ( I-) E -526. . N-, H o E o, (, 1983), . 60.7. Eurostat, Poerty in figures: Europe in the early 1980s (EC, 1990).8. . , o o oo EOK ( oo) 13,6% 21,5% E ( o o o 50% - ).9. K., M, , E (7/10/2008).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos (20%)10. T, E - E ( N , -, ) 11.o o , ( EE) 12. O o o, o oo E( o o o ) o o o Kooo o o 1970(47% o 1977)13, 17 , 1994, 46% K 14, B15( , , , - , !). E, , - o o o - o. , o o o o o o o ooo. K o - ( o oooo o) - o o. T o oo , o oo o oo o oo o -5310. A/E (10/3/2010).11. O Gini ( - ) 25% 34% E ( !) World DeelopmentIndicators 2010, .., Table 2.9.12. T 90 o 53% oo o, - o o 83% 15 E.E (Eurostat, Basic Statistics of the EuropeanUnion, 1996, Table 3.16) .13. Eurostat, Reiew 1977-86 (EC, 1988).14. Eurostat, Basic Statistics of the European Union, 1996, Table 3.41.15. K. M, E (14/7/2006).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos A16, oo o E.O - , o o oo o., , E, o oo o o - , o o: o ooo o -oo o o o o o oo oo , o o -o ooo o oo. T , , , , , o o E , -, Ko o -o o (AKX), - - , E ( A!) - . A - . 1. H O , , , 5416. R. Pollin and Alarcon, Debt crisis, accumulation crisis and economic restructuring in Latin America, International Reiew of Applied Economics, 2, (1988), . 131-32.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, , . O - , , -, - 17. O , , -. H . , , - (K, I ..). E, , - ( , - - ..), , - . M , , - , , - . , - - . A, - , . T, - - , 5517. B. E A, .., . .www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , - . E, , - - , ( - ), , , -, ( , , , , ..).H - 18. H -, , . A -, , , ( EOK), , - ( ) - , - .2. T - - A, o o o o o - o , o o oo, o o oo o oo, oo - o , o . To o o o , o , o o oo-o o , - . , , 5618. A 14% 1960 27% 1981 M. N-, H E B (, 1983) . 26-7. 90 47% E 17% E.E 15(Eurostat, Basic Statistics of the European Union, 1996), Table 3.16.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos 7,7%, - ! (. . 7)19. H o , o o o, o - o o o oo o - . , , , o - o (o , Ao , o o o ooo -o), o o , o, - o o . o o o , o o o oo A20. 3. X To o o o o E - E. E E o o o oo o o- o o o o , o o oo, oo o EE. K, o o - o o 5719. 3,6% 1984 7% 1997 (OECD, Survey on Greece 1998, . 3) 7.7% 2005-08 (World Deelopment Indicators 2010, Table 2.5.20. X, o 1951 o 1981 o o o , o 1990 o 47% - o o 50% o . Ao, ooo , , - , , o , o -. T. , E -, (Compendium/BBC, 1983). B. EA, .., . T.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosE , o oo, o o , . , o 60(1960-73), , , o- B , - o o o Koo (8,8% 5,1%). Eoo, o o o, o 1972, o o oo oo o 80%o o oo . A, 30 EOK/EE, E 77% !21E, o oo o o -o oo, o o (o, -, o o o ) -o o o o, - . o -o o o o o o o o -o, , o o , , oo -, o o o o. H o- o o o o oo, - o . A, o - o, oo , , o - . K, , , , o5821. , 2006 E $15,440 ( - $ 20,101 E ) World Deelopment Indicators2008, Table 2.4.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosEo Ioo o, , -o o o oo.o, o o oo o o o oo o. M o o E EOKo, o o o -, o. 22, o o o o 1970-90 - o -/ , o o o o EOK - o . A, o o o o -o , -o , , o o. -, , o o - o o o o /23. , o o - o Ko- o o , o - ( N.A. A) o o o o , E. E oo o , oo oo o oo AKX o o . , , , !24Moo, , o o o o , o o o, o o( o E , AKX)5922. , .., . 3.23. O 82% o 1960, 81% o 1965, 54% o 1977 59% o 1990. N , .., . 3.24. 54% 77% , World Deelopment Indicators 2010, .., Table 4.4.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o . O o - 25, o o o o , . , o, - , KA, o - 26. , , , . A - E, 1957, 100 . E , , , . , , ! , , , , EI. T , 2008, E A I 4 . E, , -. , , - E, !27M , o E EOK. o, o o . H , , -6025. , oo o o 25% O, o 54% I o 61% I - o oo Koo - E. (o oo o World Deelopment Report2003, World Bank, Table 3.).26. -o 21% o 1981 34% o 1985, EOK 22,4% 23,4%!27. T M K & K, , E (31/1/2009).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o o oo o o - . T :A) ( -28) -, B) oo o.o, o o o oo o o -, o o o o , : oo o ooo oo ( oo o o- o 1974) o - , -, oo o oo E EOK o 1981., o oo, oo o 1980 oAOK, o o o -o 1980, oo o (18,8% 19,6% ). A, o AOK o - o ( oo o 70% o o oo o 1980) - o o Eo Ioo. A, o o. T o, , o oo ooo6128. To o o EOK o 146% o oo o o 1972.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloso E o 1981 ( EOK -, 20 , o ) - o o oo, o EOK 29. Eo, o o o o-o o o o o, o o o o o o o o, o o . T o - o 1970 , - ooo - -30. , , o o - - E!31To o oo o o ooo o o o , o -o o. T , , EE , , , , . H , , 1960 EOK, oo ooo, , o o6229. A 13% o 1980 25% o 1987 (OECD, Economic Sureys, 1989/90, .., . 77).30. OECD, Economic Sureys, 1989/90, . 79.31. T 54% E 77% E, World Deelopment Indicators 2010, .., Table 4.4.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o( E A, - ), o o o o o o o( , T, ONE E). T ,, I T ( E I I ) , 2007 14% AE, 32. T EE/ONE. H o o, ooo o - o oo o, - , - , .4. T I T o o Ioo - ( ) o o o ooo - o. H , 33, o o o ooo , o oo o , o o, . H , , o o -6332. X. Z, T I 14% AE, E (20/2/2008).33. Takis Fotopoulos, Economic restructuring and the debt problem: the Greek case,International Reiew of Applied Economics, o 6, . 1 (1992), . 38-64 -o M E (E o Monthly Reiew) . 53-55, 1992. www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o o - o o o o o o - , , o o oo - o o -o.T I To - - . 34, o o -o o Ioo To o AE , , o o oo. , 10% - 17% , - ( ) !35 oo - E o o ooo , - EOK/ , 80 -o o 16% o o o EI, 90 o o 28% o o o, 22% EE!36H , , o o o - o 80 o o -oo o, oo ooo o o AOK oo, o o oo. A-, o o ,o o o o AOK oo, o o , 6434. , .., 15.35. WB, World Deelopment Indicators 2010, Table 4.4, 4.5 & 1.1.36. Y M O - TE.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o, - , -37. A, , AOK , , - , .5. H T, o o -oo o, o ooo o -o , , , o o o 38, -o, o ooo. To o o- oo o, , o o o o o ooo . o o ooo, E, E OOA. T - o o o o o oo -. o , o o ooo,, E, o o o o o o o. To o - 46,5% 1970-85, oo o o , o o o o o -, ooo. A, -, , oo o6537. B. Takis Fotopoulos, Economic restructuring and the debt problem: the Greek case, ..38. H o 1987 E 50% o o 80% EOK, 1994 53% E 83% E.E Eurostat, Basic Statisticsof the EU (1989) & (1996), Table 3.16.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloso ooo o o 17% o AE 1977-8539, 25% AE ( HA 8%!)40.T , , o ooo o o o ooo , , . K , , o - o, o o oo , . , , oo , o o o o o (- ), o o- o (, ..), - . M , o o, o o o, -, o, o o o - o Eo Ioo, o o ooo o oo o, - . , , , .6639. N-, H E B, .., . 25-6.40. A E Friedrich Schneider, O Johannes Kepler Uniersityof Linz. B. Yoray Liberman, Greek Wealth Is Eerywhere but Tax Forms, The NewYork Times (1/5/2010).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 4H HMOIONOMIKH KPIH H AH OH TH OMIKH KPIHT B O . I- o , o E, o o . E- o o oo o, o, o, o -, oo o AOK o A - , - , ! To , o o , o o , ooE - o 80 ( o!), E o o. , 1974/5 1982/3, 9,9%, o oo 39,4%1!M , o, o E, o, o o o, oo E: o AE, -1. . oo, : , , , (, 1986).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos2 o o, -o, - o . T , , o o o o o o o oo, o - o oo o3. , o o -, oo o AE, 1980 1985( 5% o 1980 16% o 1985) o o o oo o o 15% o AE o 1984 , , o 3% A. , o , o - , o o o o oo o o ooo- , o o. Eoo, o o o oo o o. E,, , , , - o o .H E - , , o o, /, o E: o- o. K o o , o o oAOK, o o o o o ooo o. To o o E , o o,682. H 1981 1984, 4% o o -o 8,2% (EYE, Eo o, o ). o - oo oo o .3. O o oo o 1984 18% o , 12,6% o 1980. Mo o, T E.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o o o o - . , oo - , o o ( - T E4), o o , , oo o o o o o o - , , oo .T o I o -, , - o o o ooo ooo - 80 . T , - o - I o o o ooo o, , , oo o o o , o - - oo() ooo .T X: H o o - , , - , oAOK :694. B. .. o T Eo 1986.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos E ( - EOK - ), E o o -, o o o - o- . , 19845:T , , , , AOK - - , - . T AOK , - , . , AOK - , -, - - X, - X, (, ) .. , o AOK o o o o o o ooo o o - . H o o, o, E o -705. T. , E A: E , ( 1985), -, 1984.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o o oo, o- o, o o , o - AKX. To o AOK oo o o o o, - o oooo o o o - , o o E, ooo o , -, o o ooo, ., , o AOK o o o o o oo oo oo o o ooo , .. oo o oo, oo oo o o o, 1980 , 50%6. , o o o o -, o oo- (o o o o), o oo o - oo , . E - - o o 1980, o o o o -o o ( o o oo - o) o ooo , oo To o , , o 19817, oo 716. OECD, Economic Sureys, 1989-90, . 78.7. O o o o 27% AE o 1960, 34% o1970 41% 1979 AOK , - o 65% o o 1989!www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ooo ooo. , o o o o o o oo o AE, o o o AE, -o: o o o ( 2/3) o o oo. H - , - , .. - o 1980, o OOA, o o o o o AE8. T , , - o ooo ooo -. K o o, o o o o ( ) , , , . K o , o o o o-o, ., o o o o o oo o o o oo , - o o o o oooo o. O ooo o, o, o o o o : -o o , o o ooo o o o ooo o. O oo o -o o o 15 -9. H , - o 1980, o AKX E o- o o 2,9%, 728. OECD, Economic Sureys, 1986-7, .., . 36.9. O o 344.000 o1974 467.000 o 1981 693.000 o 1989, o o -o o ooo o o.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloso o o o10. M o, , o o AOK o ooo ooo 11, o o o o o ooo - o o . o o - , 1980 o o oo o AE, oo 197012.A , o o oo o o (o oo o o) - , o o. , o o- o AE , 13. H E, , , - , . 7310. OECD, Economic Sureys, 1986-7, .., . 43.11. , , o 1980, o o ooo - o o, o o o.12. , o o o o o o AE 33% 45% o E E o OOA o 1979-80.To 1986-87 o o 48,3% 48,6%. A , o o o AE 30,3% o 1979-80 35,8% o 1987-88, o E o OOA 44,6% 41,4%,(OECD.) , o o o oo o 113% oAE o 1991 27% o 1979, o o o o o o 5,6% o AE o 1979 35% o 1985-8. EconomicSureys, 1989-90, ..13. H o o o AE ( ) 93,5% o 1970, 97,5% o 1980 ( o oo ) o oo - 25% 18% o.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosA, , o o o, o o14 o , EE ONE. , , , o o o ooo , , o -, oo (o , , oo ..) 1980. O , , - , E, -. , -, - 1990 , AE - (O ..), !To, o o o o o o - o o o: o o-o. A E, , o oo, o 7414. To oo o o o 1,9% o 1960 12,3% o 1970, o o 19% o 1980. H - o o 1980 o , o -o o , oo o o o o oo o, o- . O o, , o o o oo , ooo o oo - , o 1970, o- o o o .www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o , o o. o 1980, - o oo o AE o ooo o o- o oo15. o, o 80% - o . , o o o o o (o o o o) , oo o AE. , o oo o AE oooo o , o 1988, o o oo oo - o OOA16. Moo o o , o o o o o, o o . To o- o - 198017. E -, o o o o o o , , - o Ko18(, o-) , , o. Ao ( oo) o ooo oo o o 8019. 7515. O 15,5% o 1980, 22,6% o 1987.16. To oo o 1988 10% E- o OOA 5% E, . OECD in figures, 1990, ..,. 42-43.17. T o o 1% o AE o 1980, 9% o 1989.18. O 21% o oo o 1981 27% o 1989.19. O 2,4% o o oo o 1980, 9% o 1989.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosH - - , - , E. , 2007 5,8% AE E 7,4% E20, E- , , , , 57% , 25% E, EY!T X: E, , o oo 80 o o o (54% o 1979 o 1988), o oo o (22%) oo. H o o o oo , - o o, o ooo ooo ooo , oo o oo o21. o, o oo, o o o o o o oo o - o o o o oo., o o - o 1980 E , AKX, oo,7620. World Deelopment Indicators, 2010, .., Table 2.16.21. B. N , .., . 12 - o oo o o (o o).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o o o o-o o E 22.T o - EOK/EE 8023. T , , o - o o o o o o oo , o o ooo24A, , - ( - ) , , - , NT. , - 1980-2000, 1,2% 1,8% E25, - E E (2,5% 1,8%)26!, o ooo o E, o AKX, - o . O o o o , o o oooo , o 1995 17% E, 26% E-, , 15 , . , 2008 E, 19% 7722. .23. , o o , oo o AE, - 1980 1985 o o o oo -o o 15% o AE o 1984 , , o 3% A.24. O o oo o o 12,6% o o 1980 18% o 1984. Mo o, T E.25. World Deelopment Indicators 2002, .., Table 4.10.26. World Deelopment Indicators 2010, .., Table 4.9.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos 26% E27. A-, o o o ooo, oo 30% 28. Eo, oo oo o o , o o o o o o. o -o , o - ooo -, , o o oo o o o o oooo o o o o o, o o ooooo o. T o I - o , - o o o oo, , - ooo 80 . I, , , - o o oo, K-, , o o o - , o. , - , EOK/EE ONE. H , , - - (. . 14), - . 7827. World Deelopment Indicators 2010, .., Table 4.12.28. .www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosO E, , - , , - , , , . O - - X, - , - , - , ! , K- X AOK - - , . 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T, o o oooo o-o o oo . o , , o ooo o o o o o oo , o o o - 40 , ooo- , ., o o - o o, oo /- o, , o -, o oo, o ooo o, oo o . , - o oo o o o o o ., o o o o o o, ,o E. H o o , oo o / . H o o8540. B. T , - 10 X M, .., . 2-3.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o -o ( ) - o o ( / ). K E, - EE. M.86www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosMEPO EYTEPO www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloswww.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 5OIKONOMIKA MOK KAI ENIKE OIKONOMIE HMEPAM O o o ooo o o - , EOK/EE NAFTA .., - ( - ) o . O o o o : O - o , - o. O , 1930, - (1945 1975), o oo -o (o K o- o o ) . O o o o -, o o o o o ( ooo, oo ..), - o o o o oo - . o-o o o o owww.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o, o oo ( o o) o o o . - , - o o, o. E, o , , oo o o o oo o o HA (NAFTA) (EOK/EE) : K, , A, I, K X, , , A. -o o : M, oo E ( -), EOK/EE o o : I I. A, o o - o o (. A, A. E-) ..M , EE - , , -: - ( , , ) . , , P N. Y- , - EE . E, , - EE, - , - , A ( E) - , - N - E (I, I) (E, ), , , - , ( A) Pigs ()! T , , -90www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, , -, , ( ), , - , , -/ .H o o o - o oo, ooo o, -, o o o o o o . E o - o, , -o o o o ooo o. EOK, , o o oo( o ) o 1986/87 o ,, Bo, A E o oo. , 30 , ( ) E 63,6% (14.000 22.000 )1., o oooo o, , o - o o o . , o ( ) o oo o oo - o o o. , o o o oo o o o o, - o o .A , o oo911. T , E, E (11/7/2010).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos oo o o o - o o oo , - - o o o o. o M, , o o o o- o. Eoo, , o -o, o, - o o 29% o o o oo o o oo o -o2.o o o , oo ( - -) o (/) o o EOK/EE o ooo o o o o , o o o o o, -oo Ko .. H -o o o o -o o o o o oo . H , o Koo- o E o - EOK, 1980 1989, o 3. - , o o- Ko , o -, , o o 30% o oo Ko! K , , -, I - 30 EOK/EE.E , , oo o ooo o922. World Bank, World Development Indicators 2008, ( ).3. O o 39% EOK o 1980 - o 41% o 1989.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o , - . K , , o o o -o ooo oo o , oo o oo oo , o o-. , o - o o o oo. K -, /- o. To o, , o o - o o o Bo o No, , . A, o o - o EOK/EE, , -, , o - Ko, o o oo o o o o EOK/EE4! 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T , - 10 X M, .., . 1.1.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos - ( , ), , .. G7+1 (P-), G20 .. EOK 1981, - - , K , ( ), . O ,, - E . , 1930, -, 1929. A, - , 19 , X. T. , , K A - , - EOK/EE( G7 , , , , , , B, I), - - , M , - , - , - -. , . - , -, -104www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos . E - , ( M-, EOK -), , . H - - , -. - , - , - -, -. , K E - 1897 . A, K- E HA 1930 1929, - .A, - , , , K E , EE. E, -, - - (, , - ), -- , EOK/EE - , E A 6, ONE 105www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, 7. A, , - , - A , - EOK/EE E! , ( ), - - , , - - .O , , EOK/EE - - - , - , , -, - . , , - - . K . H , EE E, O !106www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 6 H YNHKH MAATPIXT KAI H ENTAH THN ENIAIA AOPAH E A MMoo oo o oo o 1957, P, o o o -oo , oo, 30 o E Eo E A(I 1987). 300 o o o ooo-, o o o 1992, o-, o o Ko, - oo o. A , ( ) (, -, ) - 4 . H E- EOK, M 1992 - 1 1993.H oo o o -o oo ooo o oo o o -o o, o N.A. A.H o P , -, o, oo- o o 50 o- oo-oooo , . To o, , o - o. , , , -www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos 1980, o oooo oo E () N.A. A (I, Ko, T-, Xo-K, o K I), , -o o oo E. H ooo o Ko o o- o oo o - o o 1. o o oo- , o ooo o o o o o 21o o . , o EOK . , EOK/EE, o, oo , - , o o N.A. A. M, , , , -, N.A. A, , A (HA, B ..) - ( - 2, ), ( E) 1081. X o o oo o o , oKoo o o 1979 1989, o 3,5%, o o o 48%. ooo o World Deelopment Report 1991 (World Bank), Table 14.2. B. T , H K, E A K(A: K, 2009).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , - (.. , ..). , , . K - -, , - ( 8,5% 1995 4,8% !)3. A - . T - K ( 3% 1995 9% !)4.M , o o (o oo ) - .. made in China, - . A, EOK/EE, E, . T - o o - ( ), o - . Eoo, o -, o o oo o o -M- E o o o o o. , o o1093. World Development Indicators 2010, Table 4.4.4. .www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos E A ooo oo o--o ( ONE E), oo . -, E--. To 1992 o 1994 , , oo , K , o oo K-, oo o. E o,, o (. o o, o ) o,(. o o o -, , o o oKo o o o ooo ) - , . K o o oo o EOK. , , o o - o Koo , o o E Ao o 1992, oo Kooo. , o o o o oo o, o ooo o o, o - , oo, o, o , , .A, o o Ko-o K o o o (, , ) - o o oo o, E-. A, o o -oo o o o o o (- o o). , , o ( , !) A , o - , o o o. , M - 110www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosB P HA. O , , , , (.. E--, - ..). A, o oo- o o E Eo o o Thechallenges ahead: A plan for Europe o 1979, o o o. K o oo : o ooo K-o (, Kooo o o o ooo- ) o o K. A, K - o , o o . O o, -, oo , o ooo o 1980, o K ., o Ko ( -, , A, -) o ooo oo - o , o o - , , , , , -, , ! T , o,ooo , o- ooo o o o, o Ko oo o o oooo o o o o , o ( o o - ) o o oo o o-o o. , , o o ooo A o o 1992 E A: E o .111www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosH oo ooo oo, o ooo Ko o - oo, o oo o o o o o. To o o Gecchini5, oo oo - o o 1992, oo o o, oo ( !) - o o, o . T o o o o o - , o o o o . oK K ooo o o-o o ooooo (o ooo oo ), oo , o ..E, , o o o o -, ooo o o o - o, o. A 5 . - o, o, -oo o 2000, o o o -o, ooo ,, . T - o o E A - . , o o o ooo ., o Ko o o, o 1125. P. Cecchini, et. al., The European Challenge, 1992: the benefits of a single market (Wil-dwood, 1988).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o, o o oo o , oo oo -o o o o - o-o o (, - E A). , o o, o o oo o , - .A, , o o o o o - o o - ( - A, o o o oo oo o ) Koo o Ko-, oo E, - (. M ).K , o o, , - , , o o o o . H 1990 E6( E- ), - :H o E Ao o 1992 - o o 1994, oo - ooo Koo, o o oo o o o oo o , o-.1136. T. , EOK - E - N, E (3/11/1990).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o ooo o o o M, X . , , -o ooo, o , o -o Bo, o o- o oo o o . M o o o KKE, o - , o .A, , o o o, , o -o o, o o o o o .. o ooo (oo o oo o -). , - oo - o , o(o o A- o o o - o ) o ! A o Ooo-E, o ooo -, o o , , -o , oo, O- ( - ) o o oooo,o ... oIo, o o o7!1147. B. .. . Po, Ooo (A 1992).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosH EEM o - E- A, M ONE - o, o o o o o o oo ( No To, T ..), o No. H - o o - . , .To - - o o o. o, o o o . To o o o oo . K , o o -, o , o o- o o o o oo . 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Alarcon, Debt crisis accumulation crisis and economic restructuring in Latin America, International Review of Applied Economics (Io 1988).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloso , o - ooo . , , -, o o, , o oooo o (o o, ..) o o o-ooo oo. T o o ooo o ooo- o o o, o . o o o M oo ooo . , ooo - o o 3A o ( ), ooo o oo , , o o o o .T oo, , o oo ooo o-, , o o oo o 70. T , o o -oo ooo , o ooo . oo o o oo- o - oo ooo. , -o-ooo o, K , -o oo o o (oE-o ..) oo-o o o o, oo- o o o o, - o o, oo o oo o o oo E-.T , , ( ) EE M : K o o o o o-118www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosooo o o , Koo o (I, I, oo,E) - o , , , o o ooo oo , - o., o o, o o ooo o . o o A oM o oo oo. A, o o o o o - K, o , o - - , , oo oo o o ( - . Ao . -) o oo . H o o o oo -. A, o o o o - M o o Ko- oo , o .. o o, , o oo o, - . H o o- -oo , o o o oo, o o o. , o M o o -119www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos (o ) o o o o o ooo o oo, oo . K , oo o -!E, , o o , o ooo o- , o o o oooo , . Ao. K , , o o oo o o oo, o - o o ooo. A , o o o o o ( o M) , o- o o , o o, oo- o Hans Tietmeyer, o Bundesbank10. , -, , (. ), o o EOK M, - E - . K o o oo o o -o B, o oo o , o oo . A o o o , A o o oo o - o o. , o -o o o o oo oo o, o o o 12010. B. Obserer (8/12/1991).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosooo o, o oo -oo o o o o o o o oo o o11. O M , o , - , o o -, - - , - ! X , 0,24% (0,25% 1979)12 (0,24% 1990)13, ( E A) - 0,21% 1995 - 0,16%!14M , E A EE, , , 15 (1995-2008)!T o o o, o o oo .., o -o, o ooo o o o - o oo. , - . K o o 12111. B. Nicholas Papandreou, Finance and industry: the case of Greece, International Review of Applied Economics (I. 1991).12. World Bank, World Development Report 1981, Table 8.13. World Bank, World Development Indicators 2002, Table 4.5.14. World Bank, World Development Indicators 2010, Table 4.4.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosE, M. M , o o - oo ooo oo Ko ( -, o o ..) oo o- oo M , o -o o o o . A, o -o EOK/EE , o o, - o oo , oo o .M , o EOK/EE o o o M, . o, o o .T o , , oo o o- o o o Ko,oo o oo (o, o..) o. Eo, , , oo o- o o o o- o, , o -o o o o, o oo o oo. K M. , , - , (. M), - . o , M, o o, o oo o o...oooo o, o o , o, , o, ( o o oo oo o - oo ). H 122www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos oo o o o oo E oo o15o AE. , o M o o ( o o) o- oo, o ooo o o o -o N E. H - ( 16 o ) M-, E I- (. M). , o o o o oo o o - o o o oo o o. , o o ooo o o o o ooo ( o ) o o, . M , o-, o o , , , o - EOK/EE, M- oo -, o o . A, -12315. T E 1/3 o o ooo o OOA oo 1960-76, T. Fotopoulos, Economicrestructuring and the debt problem: the Greek case, International Reiew of AppliedEconomics (Ioo 1992).16. T 1980, ( ) 23%, o o o 5% o - o. (o oo o Mo o TE).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o oo o - . H o o- - . , o oo, .. , o o oo, o o ooo. , o , o o o oooo o o o . Ao, o .T -M M E A, - , - -, - - . M o - , M, o B E , o o - - , , - N E M M ! H - (!) o 17, o o , o -! , -12417. B. N. Mo, K E (1-2 I 1994).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, - o- oo 15 (EOK, HA,A, N) - 15 ... 1618. Eoo, - o AOK ( !), o - ( E , X ) o ., oo oo, o - o -, o o , o - o o o o, o o -o. O o o o-o o o ooo o oo, , o -. , - , 70 -, - -o, oo o . , 19 B ( - !) - -, 1876! K, , ooo - o . 12518. J. Bradshaw .. (E . ), Support for children, acomparison of arrangements in 15 countries (University of York/HMSO, 1993), .9.13a, 9.13b, 9.13e, 9.13f.19. The Food Commission, The Guardian (1/2/1994).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o oo o, o -o o o - o -, - . , London School of Economics20, o - 50 - o 1990. , , , 5% E E o -o o ! To, o o o o -, 21 o , , , . o o - o . H o o! T , o, o o - o , - . , , - ( B!), , - , , , !, , - - , - . , , , , , -12620. B. J. Hills, The Guardian (20/1/1994).21. N. M, ..www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos. E , E, - , -. Moo, , - , o o , . , o -, , o . E, , o - , . , - , o , , o oo - o-o oo - o , o . K , - o o (-, o), o o o ooo. M oo, , o o o , ( oo o ) o oo . A, o oo o o - o o o o - o o o, o -o. , o - o o - o o o (o o o o ) - o oo - .E, o, ooo o o o o o o . O o o - o o o. Mo, -127www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, o ( - o ) - o oo . O o,o, o -o o oo-o. O o oo , o oo ooo o, oo o o , o - . EE, o o o - o ooo (Boo-, Ao), o , o o, - o.Eoo, o o oo ( o), o oo o oo ( o o oo, ooo) oo oo o (. M- ). M , oo o o o, o o o o o , , o , (, - ), o.H MM , .. (- M, KKE) - - - - EE E, T M. H M- E-128www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos 22 1997 E !23 , , , -, 1990 50 . E 40 . A- , - . , . A, M -!24, - , M K- , - ( - ), , .. O K, , , , , --25.12922. B. E (18 & 25/5/1997).23. E - / A, (. M), O- (E. M), (. ..), E (. M ..),, T O - - (. . 12).24. E (18/5/1997).25. E (25/5/97).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, 26, A , - , - . K , E - , . E, -, M - , , , - . , K - . , , , 27, - M. A, - 4 , - N EE M , , , , - , . K-, -; - - . H , , .., 13026. B. T. Fotopoulos, Towardsan Inclusive Democracy (London/New York: Cassell/Taylor & Francis, 1997/1998) , , I, I, K E- E K (1997) o - 10 X M (E T, 2008), . 1.27. B. C. Hines & T. Lang, The New protectionism (Eartscan, 1993).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ( -), E - O N E. , E A E-, , - , B N A. , , - . K - , .. E , , - E, , - M, ( Tobin ..) . A , , - . , 1930, E, - M , , - . K , - ( ), - M. , ONE/E 1990 35,8%, 10 , 2000, 28,7% - (, , 20% ). K , , -, A-131www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos A E, - 1995 ( 7% 13%)28.H M E - , A - HA, B - A , , , . A, 29, , - -- HA B. , , .. O N30, , - . A, B -, - E, A - . H , , , ( K M). A, - , . -, , , -13228. T World Development Indicators 2002 (Table 4.5) & World Development Indicators 2010 (Table 4.4).29. IMD/The Guardian (27/3/1997) & WEF/The Guardian (21/5/1997).30. The Observer (1/6/1997).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, , . , A- ( , , !) - M -, EE ONE , - . , , - ( ) A.133www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloswww.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 7H EAA THN ONE KAI THN EYPZNH ; H Ooo No - (ONE) K , - . , o o o - K- o o o o E Noo o (EN).o o o, E K T- (EKT) o - , o o, T oE oo oo ( ECU) , 1/1/1999, , - .T E N - ECU, O N (ONE). - - 2.25% .To o , o o, o o o o, o Bretton Woods, o 70. -, o - o o o oo, , o o o HA, oo ooo o o . o owww.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloso HA oo o o, ooo o oo o oB oo, K, - o Ioo o, o o o -, , , o o o- o o o oo oo o .H o o, o o -, o o , o - o , o o o o o o o . o o E- oo o oo o o HA, o - o o o. , , o o o ooo K-, o o - o o , o, ooo (, , -) Koo ooo, . O o ooo o ECU, o, , o , o - o o o E. H o ECU - oo o o, (o, o o o o Bundesbank, oo o oEN o o o Bretton Woods), o o- o - o o o --o! o, , o o o EN o o ooo o (, o, o o o -o o) -. K o- o oo o o o o. , , o o oo o o o , -136www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o, - o o o. A, , o o - o o o -o , o o -oo o , oo o o o-ooo -o , o o-ooo o ooo . o o-ooo o, o - o oo -o o o o o - o, o o,o oo o (oo) o o oo o o. o -ooo o, o o -, o , o o o o. T, - o oo o oo o o, o oo EN, o o -o o oo o EN .Eo o, o oo o Ioo (o o o ), oo, o . O, E Ao. , o -o o o, o ( o/ooo o)o o , o, , o o o Ioo o o. H o - o (, , o ) , . K o o -, o oo , oo, o oo - o, o o. 137www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosO A - , E N- (EN), . T 1992, - oo, - o o EN - , o ooo ooooo o o o oo o o , , ooo o o o o o o. To oo oo o o o o, oo o ooo o EN, o o - - . To o oo o o , o, o ooo o o , o o o o o o, o o o o. o oo ooo oo o -. o oo ooo o o (NT, T,GATT/OE EOK/EE) oo o oo o , o o ooo (o o) o, oo o oo. B oo ooo o o, oo o . E Ao o 1993, o1986 o - o. H o o -138www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o o oo 1990, o N.Brady, o Y. HA, o 1.000 o. o o (15o o !), o o oo o 1. T, , , - , o.K , o o o oo o o o, ( o o - ), , - ( E, .. I). , , o o- o EN 1992, oo o o o 60 o. o o o oo(o ooo, oo T, ..!) T, o o o EN , oooo o oo , , o o, oo. , A, I- I o o o o- o, o o o -o o o, ooo (I, oo) -o o o oo o - o o EN o. , o o o o o Bundesbank ( o oo oEN ONE), o!O o o o o ooo o , o 1391. The Guardian (24/9/1992).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ooo EOK (, ooo - -) , o -, o. K , EN o o - o (o, o E- Ao, o oo) oo o . H o, , o ooo o oo o o ( o oo o o o) - o , o oo ooo o, o o o o o ( o ) ooo , ooooo o o o o o( o o). o o o EN o o ! , A, I , I, I- , o o o - ( , - ) oo o o o o o o o. A , A, o, o EN o o o , oo o o, ooo o o o o, o o oo o o. A , oo o EN o o, oo -o , ! , o o oo - (I, oo, E, I) o oo o o, o o, o o o.140www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosA E, E, ( ). M , , EN. , - E (-) , -- EN, E- K T (EKT), , , E. A - E - ( , , - , !) , o -, o , oo o , , ooo , oooo oo o -, , -. , o o oo o M (E o o oo!) - o o o E ONE. , , o o. o Toporowski2,o EN o o -, o o o - o o o o Ioo o, - o . , o o ONE E, o Toporowski, o o oo To Aoo, oo o - o E K T, o -1412. The Observer (27/9/1992).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos o , o E- K T . O , , Toporowski -, ONE -, , - , /- , - - , EN ONE: , ! - E - -, 3% - A, !H EN, ONEH o o EN o 1994 , o o o , o, EN o o, o - o oo o 6% o o o.H - , ( !) MME, , , . , , , , , -142www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ! , oo o o o o o o o, o oo , o o , - o o o Ioo -, , , o , , , M, - , . E, - ( , - , K .. N , MME ), o -o E Eo, oo o o o o ooo o , o EN ooo Koo. M o o oo o : ooo . T oooo o o o, o, Koo , , o o ooo . M , o ooo o, o o o EN - ooo , o o o Kooo -o . A, -oo, , o - o , o o o o o o ooo . To oo o - , o oo. K o .K , , o , o .To o, , o - oo o o oo o143www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopouloso o (1950 - 70), o , o- o (Bretton Woods) - ooo , . A, o o EOK/EE o o oo , o ( o oo oo), o ( - oo o EOK/EE, o oo o EOK/EE o o o ), oo . , - X ( ) , ,, E K, I.., , , - A E , , - . A - , K, B , O K - K EE. , - , , - .A ...A, , o o o, , o o o , o Ioo , -, , M-144www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, o o EN ONE, ooo , . K, , o oo o EN ONE o o, o o o , o o o o Eo Ioo, . H ooo , , oo, oo o- oo. A o -o ( - - !) -. K, , , o - o o o , o ooo oo...H , , I - EN ONE. H , ooo -, o , EN, . H , , -. , 1998 10% 1974, 20 . H, , o ,, , -, , o oooo , - oo oo . A E - !145www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ;O - EN. H , , , , , - ( I) , -. , , ( ) , ( - ) ( NT, EKT ..) - - - E. , , , , , - E . - Martin Wolf3, - ( ) . - - , - EE (B, , I) , 47% , 1463. Martin Wolf, Germans are wrong: the eurozone is good for them, The Financial Times(7/9/2010).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos28%4. Wolf, 2/3 , 2000-2008, . A , - EE, - , , - . K , , , EE, - . - , , , - , ( ) - . A, ( - ) . - . , E , . A, , , - , . K - . , K-M ( E !), , , - , (E, I, , I) - 5% 5. , 2010, - o AE . E E-1474. World Bank, World Development Indicators 2010, Table 4.8.5. Ralph Atkins. Fall in German exports signals slower growth, The Financial Times(8/9/2010).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ( .. ) , , . , - E, I .. , - E,, , -, , , , - ( spreads), - - E .A , - , - ( E) ( I ..), I -, . E M, , - AOK , , , - X . , , Wolf :H ( ) . E, , - ( E) E- - (...). H . K ( ) M Ifo Institute, Hans-Werner Sinn6:1486. Martin Wolf, Germans are wrong: the eurozone is good for them, ..www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosO M E - T, -, E. AOK , -, , - ... E; - O N (ONE) , M . O . M E , EE -, .., - E., E (), A-, ONE - . : , , , , , 7. A, E ONE, - , , (T, ..) - 15 8. , E EOK/EE M . T , -1497. E (19/11/1996).8. B. O, , .www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , , , - ONE (B, , ) , , ONE, EE (N, E)! E , , , -, , - , , .. - E; H E, M, - EE, -. ( - ) , , . H - . , - - -, . , 1989 179, E 341 , 1989 , . A, 56% . M - E ; , , , - , - -150www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos . O , , , , ( A -), ( - E)., , , , -, . E , -, , . A - A 2000 E 2010, . , 1990 A, , 8 . , 1998 - 9 ., - . -, , - ( ), ( ) , - . - , - , , . I, ... , . 151www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, , ... , , , . E , , EE, . , , , - EE - , - . , - , , - . Eurostat, - EE , ( I) 40% 9. , , E 2/3 - ( ). A , - E 2008 48% E-10.A E- ; E E . () , , - ..1529. Eurostat, B E 2001. B. E(25/2/2001).10. Eurostat. B. K M, E, E (5/12/2008).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos - EE , - -. A, , -, 2008 , - , , M (A , T M O, A- I, E ..). K , , -, I E (.. P ) , -, , , E , - - E, , - ! E , - EOK ONE. , , - (K) (, HA) ( ), ( -) ! ,, , - EOK (, - ..), K , 15-20 EOK , ( ) . , , 153www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , A , - , E (ONE EE), , . 13. K EE - , , - EE, o , .E K M, - E, - K - E( T), , T EE! , - , , , , .E, , , - ONE, . 5, EE ONE - , . T , , , ONE . K , , , - . K -, , , , 20 154www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ! , . E, , - E. H M. K , , E - AOK . , M. A (), - (, ) - . A , M-, M , 11.H , , - , M, - . , EOK - , - . H . - E-, - (AOK N) :15511. B. N M, O M , T B K- (5/4/98).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , ! : , - , , , -, EKO, , , , - . , - - , - . , , .T E: E; - ONE . M : E E. , () ONE E , . , , , B - Will Hutton, ONE E .H - 12. , -15612. Will Hutton, The Guardian (15/11/1995).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , .., , K EOK, ONE , (, , ) ONE - ( E K T) - M - - , -. M , - . H M- NAFTA -. K E, ONE , - , . M ( ): H EE - ONE. , - EE - ( - , ) ONE. , B, - , ONE, - E, E N ( E) EE ... . , - -, (,, ) , , -. H , , - E EE. E N (2001) E ( 157www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ) 40% - Y, , B, 27% ! , ( M (1992) (1997) ( , , ) - - . : , , .. KE T - -. , - , , - . T, , -, - - : -. H - - . , , / (- ) -, - EA, , , , - .. - . , ONE, , .. ( ), . M ( ): H ONE - -158www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos . , , ONE EE, , - , , .. , , , E , , - .. LarryElliott , - - , HA13.K, , K . , ONE -, , .M ( ): H - , - -, () AE14. , - , , - -. . H , - X, - : T. A, , , -15913. The Guardian (23/3/1998).14. A. , T B (18/6/2000).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , ( ) - ( ), - , E . , , - , ..15, - ( -) , - , - E 16 ()17 EE. , 1980 18%18, EKKE E 21% 19, . M : H E - . A . H - . H , - - . H , 16015. A. , H E B, A K (Gutenberg, 1983).16. KEE, , A , 2000, E (19/11/2000).17. M Gini coefficient (World Development Indicators 2010, Table 2.9).18. Eurostat, Poverty in figures 1990.19. EKKE, K E 2010. B. E (23/6/2010).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , , - , - . , , T E E K T- (EKT), , , - . M , - , () . O - W. Godley20, K, (.. - ), , , -! H - ( Polanyi21) -. A - - - / . , ( M ONE ( , , ) - - . K,, - , E . H -16120. Observer (31/8/97).21. B. Karl Polanyi, The Great transformation (London: Beacon Press, 1944), . 1 & 18.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos EE - E A , E . M : H - , , -, ONE, , (, ..), - . , , - E, -, , ( ) - . H , , - - E (EKT) , - , - () . E, ONE , , ., AE, K- 22, E, , . : , - , TM. 16222. K, The Observer (3/5/1998).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos T , -, , - EA E. , - , 0,23% EA (1990)23, 0,16% E (2008)!24, 20 , 30%! A, - , , 1953, / 23%, 50, 55% 1953-55. , - , 60 70 38%, /- E , 80 - - , , / 42%25. EN.M E 32% 2008, - 24%26. E - EKT, ( ) . H , , -16323. World Bank, World Development Indicators 2005, Table 4.5.24. World Bank, World Development Indicators 2010, Table 4.4.25. B. T , H N K O A (, 1993), . 2.26. World Bank, World Development Indicators 2010, Tables, 4.4 & 4.5.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos (O A) , ( ) , , , , , - -! H 7,8% E ... 7,7% 27. K, , , OOA, 12,1% 2010 14,3% 2011, EE 20% 2011 - - 1960 EOK! O, , - ( ) , O, , , , ONE. T, E, , , - , !M : H - , - K E T, T- E. , , , 16427. , Table 2.5.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosONE. , , . A , , ... , . A . T - E - , - ( E ). A, ONE EOK, M. M , , , - - . E - , , , () - E. , , , - , , , - , - .. ( ), , - , 165www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ONE, . M - , . M-28 O ...16628. . K, B (24-12-00).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosKEAAIO 8OI YNEEIE TH ENTAH MA THN EOK/EET EOK/EE , E EOK/EE( ..) - A, . 13. , , - , EOK/EE, - . K , : E- , - , - E, EE, B, - . - - , - , - . , www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosE , -, , - -, B - , , , A I - - , -. O , , 1, - A2, EOK/EE - 60. T , , A- - , , , . - 19 - , 100 (1815-1914)3., , - , , N. H , -, : , -, . M - , : 1681. B. B, 25/3/2007.2. B. M - ( YN) 29/11/06.3. Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation, (Beacon Press, 1944) . 1.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos . K , - A , , - ( HA), - ( )4. H , , , - , - , ( . 5) .H , , - EOK, , ( . 6) - - ( , E .., - ). , 10 - , - , (NT, T KATT - OE), . , . , , ... , , , , ( - ). /1694. T. , H K (, 2005), . 2.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosT , -, , - , HA EOK 5. T ( , - ..) -, - . , , - , -, A- E - , ., , 6, , EE N, ... M M. , EE ( ) A I. K, , EE - I, EE , - , - - - , . A, ( ) - N , ...1705. Bernard Cassen, Le Monde diplomatique, I. 2003.6. B. EE, O E, N , , X, X , B X . (M, 2007).www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulosO EEO EOK/EE E , , 1990 , ( ) 7.M - MME, , :o, o o , o KKE, (- A, YN ..) Ko -Moo . o, o o - ooo , oo , , -o o o ooo o . oo, , o o o o o ( oo), o o - - , oo (. 7)o o oo o ( o o oo!) oo o. , EOK/EE EE, - A-/1717. X, o o Eo 1993, o o o(47%) Ko o o o EOK, E o oo o 72%, E 2006, EE 45%!www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos NAFTA. K EOK ( ), , . E, , 8, , (1965-80) , (+6,8%)9. , , , , , K . T - , EOK, , . , , N, AOK, , ( ) - , 10. , - ; , , , - , ( ) - : ONE!, , -1728. O 0,7% 1980-90 0,4% 1990-2000 ( 2000 Greek statistics - T, , E I , !) World Bank,World Development Report 1997, Table 15 & World Development Indicators 2010, Table6.2.9. World Development Report 1988, Table 11.10. A AOK K. B Espace Marx(!), T B K-, 25/12/99. www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , M, - N , , - , - (, , ) - .A 21 , ( T ) E, , - - .H , E I, EOK/EE, X, - , , , - , . , X 1979 1983 (5 10,5 . .), 1983 1989, ...- 1995 37,6 . .11, . T - X , - X ( -), - 1980 1985, - 1990, 1995 41,4%12. H E,, E, , 1990, X , /17311. OECD, Economic Surveys (1996), . 4.12. .www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos ... M, O, K, A O!13, X 2009 ( X) - 553 . .14, 15! , EE, - E, -, - ( -) HA A. M, , , X , - - - , , . H , , - - - . , . , . ( -) , .. .. ( ). , , 17413. World Bank, World Development Report (1996), . 17.14. Wikipedia, B. List of countries by external debt, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_external_debtwww.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos - - -, - . , ( , ..), - , , , . K , , , - , , , E - EOK, - . A, , B, E - - , , - . A , (- ) - - , . , 1970-80 - AE , 2000-2008 ( ) -, , , , - 70% - 57% E!15 , , (- ) -/17515. World Development Report 1995, Table 8 & World Development Indicators 2010, Table 4.8.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos, , , . , - 1996, , - - (...) (...) (...) (...) , 16. K , - - . , , - - - ( ), - - . H - , E ( OOA) EB17. T : , EB, , OOA, - EE18, , EB, , - - . O - OOA , - , ,17616. B. E (1 & 2/9/1996).17. OECD, Economic Surveys/Greece (1996) & EB, EB ( 1996).18. OECD, Economic Surveys/Greece (1996), . 38.www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos , - ( !19. K , , . , , EB, - OOA , 20 -. , X , ! - N - ., , B ( , - ), - ( , 60, E) / , - , - X AOK! o o - o o, o oo o o ooo o -o, o o , o, - , o, ( o