أساسيات الكهرباء والإلكترونيات نظري

- may I They they They

אאאא

אאאã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]

אאאא

١١١١١١

א ١١١ א

אא

،،אא،אW

אאאאאאאאאא א א א א ،א א א א

אאאאאא،אאאאאא

אאאK

אאאאאאא א ،א אא

، א א א אא א א א،אאאא

אאאאאאאא אאאאא א א ،א

אא،אאK

א א ?א א ? ??אאאאאאאK

אאאאאאא

א،א אאא،אאאאאK

، א אאאאK

אאאא

א ١١١

אא

אאאאאאא،אאאאאא

אאאK אאאאא

אאאאאאאאK

אWJ ١K אאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

٢K אאא

אאאאאא،אאK

٣K אא אאאאאאאאאא

אאאאK

٤K אאאא אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאא

אאאא


אאאא

א

א

א

١

א١١١אאאאאאא

- ١ -

אאWאאא،א،אאK

אאW

אאW١K אK ٢K אK ٣K אK

אאאWאא٧٠K٪

אאW

אK

אאWאאאK

אאW

K


- ٢ -

אאא

١J١אאאאאאאא،

אאאאאאא،אאאאאאאאאא

אK

אאאאאאאאKאW

١K אאאK ٢K אאאK ٣K אאK

F١ ١Eא،א٢٩א،٢٩א،אא

אKאאאאא،אאאאאK

----

---

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

--

--

--

-

-

29

+

F١J١E


- ٣ -

אאאא،F١J٢KE

אאאאאאKאא

אאK

+ -+ +- -

دجبأ

F١J٢E

אאאאאאאK

אאאCKאאC106.1 19−×

אאQC1025.6 18× KאאאאW

F١J١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKECelec

Q/106.25

n18×

=WnאK

F١J١WE

א1610102× ،؟אאאW

אאF١J١E

C102.163QC/elec106.25

10102Q

3

18

16

−×=×

×=


- ٤ -

١J٢אאאאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאK

אVאאWF١J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

QWV =

WWא)J(Qאא)C(

F١J٢WE

אא)J50(א)C10(א،؟אאW

QWV =

CJV

1050

=VV 5=

אאאאאא

אאאאאF١J٣KE

v + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +

- -- -- -- -- -- -

אא

אא

F١J٣E


- ٥ -

אאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאKאאאאא

אאאאאאK١J٣אא

אאאאאאאאאF١J٤E

--

-

--

-- -

-

-

- -

--

-

-

-

-

--

-

- -

--

- --

-

F١J٤E

אא،אאא،אאאאאאא

אF١J٥E

_ +-

--

-

--

-

--

-

-

---

--

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

--

-

v F١J٥E

אאאאאאאIאK

אאאאWF١J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

tQI =

WQאאtאא


- ٦ -

אאאאאאאK

F١J٣WE

30א6אKאא؟

אW

tQI =

tcI

630

=AI 5=

אאאW

١K אאאאאאאK

٢K אאאאאאאK

١J٤אא،אK

א،אΩ אK

אאאאאאρ .אאאא

אאWF١J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

ALR ρ=


- ٧ -

Wρאא

LאAאא

F١J٤WEאאאΩ× − m1059.1 8א

m100mm2KאW

ALR ρ=

2rA π=2623 1014.3)101( mA −− ×=×= π 6

8

1014.31001059.1

−

−

×××

=R

Ω= 51.0R١J٥אאא

אאאאVRIF١J٦E

V R

I

F١J٦E

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאK


- ٨ -

١K אא311050×؟ ٢K אאאC80µ؟

٣K אJ500אC100א،אא

א؟ ٤K אאאאV12C5.2א

؟ ٥K אאא

61אא

sec3؟

٦K אאאA5.1אא sec1.0؟

٧K אאאKm1mm5؟

٨K אאΩ10mm1؟

אאאא


אאאא

٢

א١١١אאאא

- ٩ -

אאWאאאאאאK

WאאאאW

١K K ٢K אאאאאK ٣K אאאK

אאאWאאא٩٠K٪

אאWא

אאW

אאאK

אאWאאאK

א١١١אאאא

- ١٠ -

٢J١ אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא،

אאאאאא،אK אW

F٢J١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE IVα אאא

F٢J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE RVI =

אאWאאאאאKא

אאאKאאאאW

F٢J٣KKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK IRV =

F٢J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE IVR =

אא

V

I R

V

I R

V

I R

RVI = IRV =

IVR =

F٢J١E

א١١١אאאא

- ١١ -

F٢J١WEא100אא2K

אW IRV = Ω×= 1002AV vV 200=

אאאאאאאאאW

V R100 Ω

I10 A

F٢J٢E אאאאאK

אאWΩ=100R

I V 110

220

330440

550 6 60 770

880 9 90

10100

א١١١אאאא

- ١٢ -

אאאאאאאאאאאאK

IV

1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A

10 V20 V30 V40 V50 V60 V70 V80 V90 V100 V

Ω=

10VI

1

2

3

5

4

6

7

8

9

10

10V (V)

I (A)

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

R = 10 Ω

F٢J٣E אאאאא

אאאK

F٢J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKאאא

א= אאא

405045M

−−

=

101M =

אR1אאΩ10.

٢J٢

אאאאאאאא،אאאאאאK

א١١١אאאא

- ١٣ -

J אאאF٢J٢EW

אאאאאIאאא

100 V R20 Ω

I

F٢J٤E

אWא

RVI =

20

100=I

AI 5= J אאא

F٢J٣EWאאאאאאA10K

V R100 Ω

I10 A

F٢J٤E

אWא

IRV = Ω×= 10010AV VV 1000=

א١١١אאאא

- ١٤ -

J אאאF٢J٤EW

אRאA1.0K

12 V

R

I0.1 A

F٢J٥E

אWא

IVR =

1.0

12=R

Ω= 120R

٢J٣אאאאאאאאאאאאא

אWF٢J٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

tWP =

WWWאPWאאtW א

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא،א

אKאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאK

א١١١אאאא

- ١٥ -

אאאPWF٢J٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE RIP 2=

אאאF٢J٨KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

RVP

2

= F٢J٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE VIP =

F٢J٥EW

אאאאאאW

V

R

I2 A V

R50 Ω

I2 A V R10 Ω

I

10 V5 V

F٢J٦E אW

Wאאא WVAIVPa 20102) =×== WARIPb 20050)2() 22 =Ω×== WV

RVPC 5.2

10)5()

22

=Ω

==

א١١١אאאא

- ١٦ -

١J אאאA1א،WaK א3א bK אא%80 cK אאא%50

٢J אאאmA10אא، א؟

٣J אאאW

Ω== 1R,v5V Ω== 10R,v15V

Ω== 100R,v50V Ω== K15R,v30V

Ω== M10R,v250V

٤J Ω10V12،؟אאאא ٥J ،V12K

אא؟אאאא؟

٦J אאI,V אW A2I,v10V == A45I,v90V ==

A5.0I,v150V == ٧J V115אאA3،אא

؟א

אאאאאאאא

אאאא


אאאא

א

א

אא

٣

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ١٧ -

אאWאאאאאאאא،אK

אאW

א،אW١K אאאאאאאא ٢K אאאאאK ٣K אא

אאאWאא٩٠K٪

אאW

א

אאWאאאK

אאW

אאאא

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ١٨ -

אאאא ٣J١אאאא

א،אאא،אאאאאא

אאאW A-

A-

+B

+ B

A-

+B

I I

I

F٣J١E

אאאאIאABאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאTRK

F٣J١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEn321T R.........RRRR ++++=

nRאאאאK

F٣J١WEאאאאאTR،אאאאאK

R1

2kΩ

20 V

+

_

R3

20kΩ

R2

5kΩ

F٣J٢E

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ١٩ -

אW321 RRRRT ++=Ω=Ω+Ω+Ω= KKKKRT 272052

TRVI =

mAKVI 74.0

2720

=Ω

=

٣J٢ אאאאאא،W

אאא אאאאKאאK

F٣J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE0V..........VVVV n321S =+++++אאאאF٣J١E

R1

VS

+

_

R3

R2

+ V1_

+

V2

_

V3 +_

F٣J٣E

F٣J٢WEא3V אאאאK

R1

VS

+

_

R3

R2

+ V1_

+

V2

_

V3 +_

50 V

12 V

25 V

F٣J٤E

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢٠ -

אW0321 =+++− VVVVS213 VVVV S −−=VV 132512503 =−−=

אאאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאא

1אRאאW

S

3

2

1

VVVV

−+++

٣J٣א

אאאאאאאK

،אאאאאאאאאKא،אאא

אאאאאWF٣J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

ST

XX V)

RR

(V =

WXVאאאXRTRאאSVא

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢١ -

F٣J٣WEאאאאא 3R

R1

VS

+

_

R3

R2

100V

220 Ω

680Ω

100 Ω

F٣J٥E

אW)(3

T

XSR R

RVV =

321 RRRRT ++=Ω=Ω+Ω+Ω= KRT 1680220100V

KVR 10)

1100(1003 =

ΩΩ

=

٣J٤אאאא

אאאאאאWF٣J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKERIP 2=

RאאאאאאאאאאאאאW

F٣J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEn321 P..........PPPP ++++=

F٣J٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKT

2RIP =אאאאאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢٢ -

F٣J٤WEאאאאאא

T

S

RV

P2

=

WK

P 101

)100( 2

=Ω

=

٣J٥אאאאאאאא

אאאW

VS

-

+R1 R2 R3 R4VS

-

+R1 R2VS

-

+R1 R2

F٣J٦E

אאאאאAא

אBK

אאא:

F٣J٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEnR

1+….+

321T R1

R1

R1

R1

++=

F٣J٨KKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKn321 R

1.....R1

R1

R1

1

++++=TR

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢٣ -

F٣J٥WEאאאאאW

VS

-

+

R1

5KΩR2

3KΩR3

2KΩ

F٣J٧E

אW

321

1111RRRRT

++=

Ω+

Ω+

Ω=

kkkRT 21

31

511

)105.0()1033.0()102.0(1 333 −−− ×+×+×=TR

)1003.1(1 3−×=TR

Ω= 971TR

אאאאאWF٣J٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

21

21T RR

RRR

+=

٣J٦אאאאאאKאאאא

אאאאKאאאW

I1

I2

I3

F٣J٨E

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢٤ -

אאאאאאאאW

F٣J١٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE0III 123 =−−

F٣J٦WEאאאאאTIK

VS22.2 V

-

+

R1

68ΩR2

33ΩR3

22Ω

2A

אW

1

1 RVI S

R =

68

2.221 =RI

AI R 326.01 =

22 R

VI SR =

33

2.222 =RI

AI R 673.01 =

33 R

VI SR =

22

2.223 =RI

AI R 01.13 =AIT 2=321 RRRT IIII ++=AIT 201.1673.0326.0 =++=

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢٥ -

אאאאא،

אאאאKאאאאאאK

אאאאאK

אאאאאאW

F٣J١١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKET

X

TX )I

RR(I =

WXIאאאאXR

TIאא

F٣J٧WEאאאKאאא2RK

VS

-

+R1

680ΩR2

330ΩR3

220Ω

I2I1 I3

F٣J٨E

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢٦ -

אW

321

1111RRRRT

++=

Ω+

Ω+

Ω=

2201

3301

68011

TR

)109(1 3−×=TR

Ω= 111TRT

TX I

RRI )(

2

=

10)330111(=XI

A36.3=XI

אאאאאאאאאאאא

אאKW

F٣J١٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEnT PPPPP ++++= ..........321

WTPאאאאאnPאאאn

F٣J٨WEאאאאאאW

VS

-

+

R1

680ΩR2

33ΩR3

22Ω

2A

F٣J٨E

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢٧ -

אWאאא

Ω+

Ω+

Ω

=

221

331

681

1tR

Ω= 1.11tRttt RIP 2=WPt 4.44)1.11()2( 2 ==

אאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאW١J אאאאא

אאאK ٢J אאאאא

אאאK ٣JאאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢٨ -

F٣J٩WEאאאאW

VS8 V

R2

6.2 KΩ

A

-

+

R1

3.3 KΩ R3

1 KΩ

R5

680 Ω

R6

390 Ω

R4

1 KΩ

B

F٣J٩E

אW

21

21

RRRRRAB +

=

Ω+ΩΩΩ

=KKKKRAB 2.63.3

)2.6)(3.3(Ω= KRAB 15.2

654

654 )(RRR

RRRRCD +++

=

Ω+ΩΩΩ

=KK

KKRCD 07.11)07.1(1

Ω= 517CDR

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٢٩ -

אאW

R3

1 KΩ

VS8 V

-

+

A B

D

RCD

517Ω

2.15 KΩ

RAB

F٣J١٠E

CDABt RRRR ++= 3Ω+Ω+Ω= 517115.2 kkRtΩ= kRt 6.3S

t

ABAB V

RRV =

vKKVAB 8

67.315.2

ΩΩ

=vVAB 69.4=S

t

CDCD V

RRV =

vK

VCD 867.3

517ΩΩ

=vVCD 13.1=S

tR V

RRV 3

3 =

vK

KVR 867.31

3 ΩΩ

=vVR 18.23 =vVVV ABRR 69.421 === vVV CDR 13.14 ==CDR V

RRRV

65

55 +=

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٣٠ -

vVR 13.1)1070680(5 =

mvVR 7185 =CDR V

RRRV

65

66 +=

vVR 13.1)1070390(6 =

mvVR 4126 =

א ١١١ אא

אא אאאא

- ٣١ -

١K אאאאW

W1Rאאא2R3RW1Rאאא2R3RW1Rאאא2RK

٢K אאKאאΩK66אΩK1Kא

א؟

٣K אאא،אאאאאoutVאא؟אאΩk10אK

אאא؟אא؟א؟

R2

5.6 KΩ22 V

-

+A

B

R3

2.7 KΩ

R1

10 KΩ

-

+

F٣J١٠E

٤K ٦אאV110אW75

אאא؟אאא؟

אא

אאאא


אאאא

א

٤

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٣٢ -

אאWאאאאאאK

אאW

אאW١K א ٢K אאאאא ٣K אא ٤K אK

אאאWאא٨٠K٪

אאW

אK

אאWאאאK

אאW

K

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٣٣ -

א

F٤J١Eאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאK

אאאאאKאא،אא

אF٤J١E

א א

א A

א d

F٤J١E

F٤J٢Eאא

אאאאאאאאאאKKKKKאאאאאאW

F٤J٢J١Eאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٣٤ -

אאאאאאאF٤J٢EK

F٤J٢E

F٤J٢J٢Eאאאא


אאאאא،F٤J٣EKאאK

F٤J٣E

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٣٥ -

F٤J٢J٣Eאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאpf50pf500KF٤J٤EאאאאK

F٤J٤E

F٤J٢J٤Eאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאK

אאאKKFHEFJEאאאא

אKאאאK

F٤J٥EאאK

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٣٦ -

F٤J٥E

F٤J٢J٥Eאא

אאאאאאאאאאאKא

אאאאאKאאאאאאאK

F٤J٣Eא

אאFאEאאFאKE

אFאEאאאאK



אK

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٣٧ -

אאאאאאFאאאEאאאאאאא

אKאאאZ)Q(א)I(xא)t(K

אאKF٤J٦EאK

R

C

VS

+

+

+

_

_

_S

I

R

C

+

+ _

_

S

I

F٤J٦E

אZאSVא0I =

אאאאKRCt =

אאSV63.0אRV36.0RC S=

אאאRאCאאאאאאK

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٣٨ -

אאאאWF٤J١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE)e1(VV RC/t

SC−−=

אאFKE

אאאאWF٤J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKERC/t

S eR/VI −==

אאFKEאאאאF٤J٦EFאE،א

אאאאאRאF0VC =Eאאא

F٤J٧E

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T0t

v or i

1 - e -t / T

e -t / T

F٤J٧E

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٣٩ -

F٤J٤Eאאאאאאאאאא

אKאאK

F٤J٤J١EאאאאF٤J٨Eאאא

אאאKאאאאאאאאאK

WF٤J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

321t CCCC ++=

C1 C2 C3

+++

_ _ _VS

F٤J٨E

F٤J٤J٢Eאאא

אF٤J٩EאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאא

אWF٤J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

321t C1

C1

C1

C1

++=

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٤٠ -

C1+ _+ _ + _

C2 C3

F٤J٩E

אאאאאאאא

KאאאאאאאאאאאK

F٤J١WE

אאאאאW

VS

0.03 µf

0.04 µf

0.06 µf

0.04 µf

F٤J١٠E

אWא2C1CאאW

21

21)12( CC

CCC+

=

04.004.004.004.0

112 +

×=C

fC µ02.0)12( =fCCC µ08.002.006.03)12()12(3 =+=+=

)12(34

)12(34

CCCC

Ceq +=

08.003.008.003.0

+×

=eqCfCeq µ0128.0=

א ١١١ אאא

אא א

- ٤١ -

١K אא؟ ٢K אאאאW

C1+ _+ _ + _

C2 C3

270 µf 470 µf 100 µf

C1 C2 C3

+++_ _ _VS

20 pf 10 pf 5 pf

VS

30 µf

100 µf

50 µf

100 µf

F٤J١١E

אאאאאא

אאאא


אאאא

א

א

א

٥

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٤٢ -

אאWאאאאא،אאאא

K

אאWאאW

١K אאאאא ٢K אאאאאא ٣K אאאא

אאאW

אא٨٠K٪

אאW٦אK

אאW

אאאK

אאWאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٤٣ -

אאא

אאאאאא،אK

אאאאאאאאאאאK

F٥J١Eאא

אאאאאאאאF٥J١KE

F٥J١E

אאאאאSinewaveK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٤٤ -

F٥J٢EאאאאאאKא

אKF٥J٢KE

F٥J٢E

אאאאאאאאK

אאW

F٥J١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEאT1F =

F٥J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEאF1T =

F٥J١WE

אאאאms10؟אאW

T1F =

ms101F =

310101F −×

=

HZ100F =

אאאF٥J٣EאאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٤٥ -

F٥J٣E

א

אאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٤٦ -

אאאאאאאBאאאאאL،

אVאאאאאאאאאאאKאאW

F٥J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEθ= sinBL2e

אאאאאθאWF٥J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEθsinke =

kאאK

F٥J٣E

F٥J٣J١Eאאאאאאאe

א،אאאאF٥J٤EאאאאאK

F٥J٣J٢Eאא

אאאא،אאא°=θ 90א

°=θ 270،אאאאאאWF٥J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEkEm =

אkmEWF٥J٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEθ= sinEe m

אאאאאאאאtאאאθW

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٤٧ -

F٥J٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEtω=θF٥J٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEf2w π=

F٥J٢WE

אאאWt100sin100V =Wא،אא،אאאv50K

אWEא

100=w

πω2

=F

π2

100=F

HzF 92.15=Eאא

vVm 100=

t100sin10050 =

5.010050100sin ==t

°= 30100t

radt 523.0180

30100 =×°=π

sec23.5100523.0 mt ==∴

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٤٨ -

F٥J٣J٣Eאאאאאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאאאאאאאאאאKאא

אאאRWF٥J٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKERIP 2

1 =

אאiF٥J١٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKERiP 2

2 =

אאאא

F٥J١١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEwtsinIiI 2m

22 ==

אאF٥J١٢KKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

2II m

eff =

אK

F٥J٣J٤EאאאאאJאJאא

אאאאא،אאאאW

F٥J١٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE mavg V2V

π=

F٥J١٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEmavg V637.0V =

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٤٩ -

F٥J٣WErmsPPPavg V,V,V,Vא؟אא

F٥J٤E

אWאvVP 5.4=

vVV PPP 9)5.4(22 ===

vVV Prms 18.3)5.4(707.0707.0 ===

vVV Pavg 87,2)5.4(637.0637.0 ===

F٥J٤EאאאE

אאאאאWF٥J١٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

RVI =

אאאKF٥J١٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

RwtsinVi m=

F٥J١٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE R

VI mm =

אאאאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٥٠ -

F٥J٤WEאאאאאאאאא

10 v100 Hz

+

_R1220 Ω

אW

אאW1002sin102 π=v

Vv 628sin14.14=

אאWvi 628sin220

14.14=

Ai 628sin062.0=

אאW2

meff

II =

2

062.0=effI

AIeff 044.0=E

אאWF٥J١٨KKKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKwtsinVV m=

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٥١ -

אאאW

F٥J١٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE dtdqi =

F٥J٢٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE dtdvCi =

F٥J٢١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE dt

tsindCVi mω

=

F٥J٢٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE tcoswCVi m ω=

F٥J٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE tcosIi m ω=

F٥J٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE)2

tsin(Ii mπ

+ω=

אאאאאאאאא°90KאאאאW

F٥J٢٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE mm CVI ω=

F٥J٢٦KKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK c

1VI m

m

ω

=

אcω

1 אCXF٥J٢٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

f21

c1XC π

=ω

=

Eאא

אאאאאאK

אאאאא،

אאא2אπ

K

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٥٢ -

אאאאאאאK

F٥J٢٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 2C

2R VVV +=

F٥J٢٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 2C

2 XRZ +=

F٥J٣٠KKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK R

Xtan C1−=θ

F٥J٥WEאΩ10אאf100µאv10

HZ100،؟אאאא

C

C FX

π21

=

61010010021

−××××=

πCX

92.15=CX

22CXRZ +=

22 92.1510 +=Z

Ω= 8.18Z

∴אא

ZVI =

AI 532.08.18

10==

אאθW

RXC1tan−=θ

)10

92.15(tan 1−=θ

°= 85.57θ

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٥٣ -

Eאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאKאאאאK

F٥J٣١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE RV

IR =

F٥J٣٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE C

C XV

I =

F٥J٣٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 2π

=θ

F٥J٣٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKK 2C

2R III +=

F٥J٣٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE C

C

XRRXZ+

=

F٥J٣٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE R

C1

IItan−=θ

F٥J٣٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE C

1

XRtan−=θ

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٥٤ -

F٥J٦WEאאאאאf02.0 µאΩK2.2אא

אv10KHZ5.1؟אW

C

C FX

π21

=

)1002.0)(105.1(2

163 −××××

=πCX

Ω= KXC 31.5

C

C

XRRXZ+

=

33

33

103.5102.2103.5102.2

×+××××

=Z

Ω= 7.1554Z

ZVI =

6.1554

10I =

mAI 92.4=

CX

R1tan−=θ

31.52.2

=θ

°= 5.22θ

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٥٥ -

١K אΩ270אאf100µאאv10HZ20،؟אאא

٢K Ω= K100R1Ω= K74R 2אאF01.0C1 µ=

F02.0C2 µ=אv50HZ100،אאא ؟

٣K אאאאאW

2Vf = 15 KHz

0.01 µf

R1

100 Ω0.02 µf

C1

R2

100 Ω

C2

F٢J١E

٤K אאא2C؟אאאאא

2Vf = 100 KHz

R1

10 KΩC1100 pf

R2

12 KΩ C250 pf

F٢J١E

אא

אאאא


אאאא

א

٦

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ٥٦ -

אאWאאאאN PK

אאWאאW

١K אאNאP ٢K PN

אאאWאא٨٠K٪

אאW

٣א

אאWאאאK

אאW

K

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ٥٧ -

א

٦J١

אאאKאאאאאאאאאא

FאEאאאFאKEאאאאאא)Si(،א)Ge(K

אאאאאK

+ 14

F٦J١E

٦J٢אאאF٦J١EאאאKאאאא

١٤FE،١٤אאאאאאאא٤אאאא

אאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ٥٨ -

SiSi

Si

Si

Si

F٦J٢E

F٦–٢Eאא

א،אאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאF٦–٢KEאאאא

אאאאאאאKאאאאאK

אאאאdtdqI =

אאאא،אאאאאK

אאאאWJ

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ٥٩ -

١J אא٢J אאא

١J אא

Si

Si

א

א

F٦J٣E

אאאאאאא،אF٦–٣Eאאאאא

אאאאKאאאאKאא

אKאאאאאאאאK

אאאK

F٦J٣EאאאאאKאאאאאא

אאאאאא،אאא

אאאאא،אא،אאאאאאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ٦٠ -

אאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאKאאאK

٢J אאאאאאFאEא

אאאKאאאאאא

אאKאאאאא610א810Kאאא

אאאאאאאאKאאאאאא

،NPK

EאN אאאאאFE

אא،א،א،F٦J٤EאאKאאאK

אאאאא،אאאאאאאFHKE

אאאאאאאאאאאF٦J٥KEאא

אאאאאאF٦J٤Eא،אאKא

אאאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ٦١ -

SbSi

Si

Si

Si

א א

F٦J٤E

EאP

אאFEא،א،אאאאאאא

אF٦J٥EK

אF٦J٥EאאאאKאאאאKאאאאאא

אאאאאאKאאKאאאאאא

אאאאK

אאאאאא،אא

אאK

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ٦٢ -

BSi

Si

Si

Si

F٦J٥E

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ٦٣ -

١K ؟א ٢K אאאא؟ ٣K א،א،אאK ٤K אאא−Nא؟−P؟ ٥K ؟אאאאאא ٦K אא؟ ٧K אא−NK ٨K אא−N؟

אאאא

אאאא


אאאא

אא

٧

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٦٤ -

אאWאאאאאאא

אאW

אאW١K אאאאא ٢K אא

אאאW

אא٨٠K٪

Wאא٤א

אאW

אאאK

אאWאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٦٥ -

א

٧J١WאNאאאאאאאP

אאאאאאאאF٧J١Eאאא

אאאF١Eאאא

١J אאאאאאאK

٢J אאאאאK وات اتفج الكترون

F٧J١E

אאNP

אאאF٧J٢JE

F٧J٢E

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٦٦ -

אאאWJWJאאאא

אKWJאאאאאאאא

אKWJאאאאNP

אKאWJאאאNאPא

אKאאאא

אאאאאאF٧J٢EאאאאF٧J٢Eא

אKאאאאאאאKאאאV7.0

אK؟אאאאאא

אKאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאV7.0אאאאא

א،אאאKאאאאאcm101 4−×

אF٧J٣EאאאFאאEאאאאK

انود اثود آ

F٧J٣E

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٦٧ -

٧J٢אאאFאאEאאאאאאPFאEא

אNFאEאאאאאאאאאא،אא

אV7.0אאאאאאאאאאאא

F٧J٤E

F٧J٤E

٧J٣אאאFאאE

אאאאאאNF٧J٤KEאאאאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאאא

אKאאאאאKאאAµ

אK،אאאK

٧J٤אאאאאאא

אאאאאKאאFאאEאFא

אKE

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٦٨ -

٧J٥אאאאא

0.7 V

VBR

IF (mA)

VFVR

IR (µA)

אא

Knee0

א

F٧J٥E

אF٧J٥Eאאאאאאא

אאאWJ١J אאאאאאא

אK٢J אאאא،אאא

א°c25אאא°C70אאאאאאK

٣J אאאאאV7.0אאאאאK

٤J אאאא Kאאא

٥J אאאאאאאאאאאאא

501000אאאאאאאאFאאKE

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٦٩ -

אא،אאאאאאאא

אא،אאאא،א

אאאאאאאאא

אאאKאאאאאאK

٧J٦אאאאFאE

אאאאאא،אאאאאאאWJ

١J אאא٢J אK ٣J אאא ٤J אאאאK

EאאEאEאEאאא

אאאאאאWJ

אWאאACDC

אאא١E א

F٧J٦EאאאKאאrmsV220rmsV12FKE

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٧٠ -

220 V 12 VrmsRL VO

+

-

F٧J٦E

אאrmsVאpVאW

F٧J١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEv17V2V

V2V

rmsp

rmsp

==

=

אאאאאאאאFאEאא

Thw

0

Tfw

0

16.3 v

F٧J٧E

אאFאEאV3.16V17אאאV7.0אאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٧١ -


אאאאאאאאאWJ

F٧J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEπ

=1VV mdc

Thw

0

Tfw

0

16.3 v

F٧J٨E

אאאאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٧٢ -

אאאאאאאאא


אWJF٧J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

2VV m

rms =


אאWJ

١J אאאK٢J אאאאK ٣J אאאK

٢Eאא

F٧J٩EאאאKאאאאאאא1Dא

א2DאKאאאאא1Dאא2Dא

אKאאאאאאא،אאא

אW

F٧J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEπ

2VV mds =

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٧٣ -

אא

220 V

12 Vrms

RL12 Vrms

D1

D2

F٧J٩E

אאאאאאאאF٧J١٠KE

אאאאFאEאאKאא

אאא،אrV אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאK

220 V

12 Vrms

RL12 Vrms

D1

D2

C

F٧J١٠E

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٧٤ -

אאאzאFEF٧J١٠xEאאLRKא

אאאKאא)RCt(t =א،אאאKאאאאאאאrVאאאK

אF٧J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEאאZ

אא×100%

١WJאאאאאF٧J١١Eא

אv5.0Vr =אא v10Vdc =אWJ

אF٧J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEאאZ

אא×100%

0

0

א

F٧J١١E

אאאא

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٧٥ -

١J אאאLRאאW

RL

100 Ω

+

-

5 v

-5 v-

٢J אאאLRאא؟אאא

115

Vrms

2 : 1

RL

220 Ω

+

-

4 : 1

RL

80 Vrms

D1

D2

אאאאאא

אאאא

אאאjÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]ã¹]<gè…‚

אאאא

א

אא

٨

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٧٦ -

אאWאאאאאאK

אאW

אאW١K אאאK ٢K אאאאאK

אאאW

אא٨٠K٪

אאW٦אK

אאW

אאאK

אאWאאא

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٧٧ -

אא ٨J١W

אאאא،אאאWJ

١J אאא٢J אא

אאאKאאאאK

אאאאאאF٨J١EאWJ

אאZ

א

א אZ

א

אא א א א

ii

vi

io

vo

F٨J١E

אאא

אאאאאאאא،K

אF٨J٢EאאNPNאאאPא

אאאאKאאNPNאאאPNP

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٧٨ -

אK

P

n

P

C

B

E

npn Pnp

n

P

n

א

א

Substrate

Collector

Base

Emitter

א א

א א

F٨J٢E

אאא

אF٨J٣KEאאאאאא

א

א אPN N

Emitter

Base

Collector

א

א אNP P

Emitter

Base

Collector

B

E C

B

E C

א Base

א

Collector

א

Emitter

א Base

א

Collector

א

Emitter

F٨J٣E

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٧٩ -

אא

אאאאאאאאאאF٨J٤E

F٨J٤E


אאאFא٢E٪אKאאאFאEאFאEאאKאאא

Ω100אאΩK10eC II =אאאPAWJ

100100

100002

2

2

2

=

=

=

=

e

e

fe

rC

i

oP

II

RIRI

PPA

אPNPאאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٨٠ -

אאאא

אא،אאאאא،אא،אא،אF٨J١EאאKאאא

،אאאF٨J٥KKEאאאאאאאK

RLא∼אאK

R1

R2

RC

RE

Vcc

א א

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٨١ -

RB

RC

Vcc

-VEEא א

RB

RC

Vcc

א א

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٨٢ -

RB

RC

Vcc

א

F٨J٥E

אאאאאא

؟؟ZβZα؟FE

א؟F٨J١WEאאא

אβαא

αאאאβאאאK

אאאאאW

B

C

II

=β

E

C

II

=α

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٨٣ -

אאאאאW

CE

C

BCE

III

III

−=β

+=

אאCIW

β+β

=α

α−α

=β

1

1

αאאאאβאאא

אK

F٨J١EWJβαאW

995.0,99.0,9875.0,9765.0=α

אW

199,99,79,42=β

F٨J٢EWאאאA20µאmA4.6

αβ

אWJ

99687.0,319 =α=β

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٨٤ -

אאאWאאאאאאאאא

אא،F٨J٦EאאאאאאאK2אRאאאאאאKא

אאWJ• אBEB VI − • אCECVI

R1R2VBE

VCCVBC

µA

mAIc

IB

IE

F٨J٦E

F١E אBEB VI −

א–אceV،אV6אאbIאF٨J٧EאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٨٥ -

F٨J٧E

F٢E אCECVI

אאcIאceVא3אRאאא

אF٨J٨KE

F٨J٨E

אאcIאBI

אceVאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٨٦ -

אאאאאβ

LRאאאF٨J٩KE

RB

C1

RL

IC

+Vcc

VO

C2

IB

Vi

B

C

E

VC

C

F٨J٩E

אאאאF٨J١٠KEאF٨J٩EאbRא

אK

F٨J١٠E

אאאאאאאאאWJ

L

CCCCC

CCCEC

RVI..0V

VV..0I

==

==

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٨٧ -

אאאאאאאאK

אאאאOFFONאF٨J١١Eאאאאא

אאאKאFV5EאV0אאא

אV5אאאא،אא،Qא

RB

RC

+5V

VO

Vi

B

C

E

VC

C

Vbe

-5V

F٨J١١E

אאאאFאאKEאF٨J١١EאאאאאK

FEV0אWJאE0IC = , 0Ib = אJאא

אV5FEV5אWJ

אbIאאאאFEאJאאאאZ0

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٨٨ -

١K אאאא؟אאא

٢K CI5.34mAIE =475mAIB ؟=

٣K אA50µאCR5V،β؟

٤K BICIBCVאאא100=βW

אאאא

אאאא


אאאא

א

א

٩

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٨٩ -

אאWאאאאאאK

אאW

אאW١K אאK ٢K אאK

אאאW

אא٨٠K٪

אאW٦אK

אאW

אאאK

אאWאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٩٠ -

אא

אאאא NPNPNPאאאאאאא،אאא

אאאאאאאKא

אא

א

( a ) n

P P

nch

anne

l

( b ) p

n n

Pch

anne

l

א

אא

א

F٩J١E

٩J١אא

אאאאאא)G(א)S(א)D(KאאאDSVאDIאא

F٩J١KE

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٩١ -

F٩J٢E

אאאאאאF٩J٢E


אאאאאאPVאDIאK

אPVאאאNאאאאאאאNP

אאאאאאאPKאF٩J٣Eאאאאאא

F٩J٣E

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٩٢ -

٩J٢אאאאאאא،א

אאאאאF٩J٤KE

F٩J٤E

DDVאאאDIאF٩J٤EאB,Aאאא

אKאBאDI،DSVאאBאC

אאאאDSVאאDIK

٩J٣אVoltageoffPinch − 0VGS =אDSVאאDIאK

אאא،،DSVאאDIא

אאאאKאאאC

אאKאאאאאKאF٩J٥Eאא

אאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٩٣ -

٩J٤אVoltageoffCut −אGSVאDI،אא

א0VGS =)off(VGSאאDIאאDSSIK

،אאאN،אGSVאDIאK

אאאאF٩J٥KE

F٩J٥E

٩J٥אא

אאאF٩J٦EאאאאGSVאאאאא،

אאFΩ10KE

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٩٤ -

אא،אGSVאאאאDIאאאF

ΩM1KE

F٩J٦E

א ١١١ אא

אא אא

- ٩٥ -

١K GSVאאPV1V3 E ؟א

E ؟א

٢K אאאאאאאn؟

٣K אאV5K0VGS =

DSV؟א

٤K אאP6V(Off)VGS =،אDI8VVGS ؟=

אאאאאא

אאאא


אאאא

אא

א

١٠

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٩٦ -

אאWאאאאK

אאW

אאW١K אאאK ٢K אאאK

אאאW

אא٨٠K٪

אאWאK

אאW

Kאאא

אאWK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٩٧ -

אאא

١٠J١W Wאאאאאא

١K אאאא ٢K אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאK

F١٠J١E

١٠J٢אאא

אאאאאDIL אאF١٠J١EאאאאK

אאא٨،١٤،١٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٩٨ -

F١٠J٢E

אאאאאאאאא

אאאאSMTאאKאאאאאאF١٠J٣EאאK

F١٠J٣E

١٠J٣אאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ٩٩ -

١٠J٤אאאא אאאאWJ

JTTLJCMOS

אאאאאאK TTL عائلة -

אאאאאאK

אא74אאאWJ

......S74 ......LS74 ......L74 ......H74 ......74 א

5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4)V( min CCV 5.5 5.5 5.5 0.5 5.5 )V( max CCV8.0 8.0 8.0 8.07.0 )V( ILV

2 2 2 2 2 IHV )V( 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 OLV )V(

7.2 7.2 4.2 4.2 4.2OHV )V(

2− 36.0−18.0− 2− 6.1− ILI )(mA

50 20 10 5040IHI )(mA

20 86.3 2016 OLI )(mA

1−4.0−2.0− 5.0− 4.0− OHI )(mA

3 16 33 610pt )ns(

19 2 1 22 10 dp )(mw

אאF١٠J٤EאאאאNANDאאא

TTLאאCB,,AFEאאא1T

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ١٠٠ -

אא2TאאKא )V( CC+K

אאאCB,,A)V( CC+אא1Tאא2TKאאFKE

F١٠J٤E

אאTTLW١K

אאאאאאK

٢K אא אא،אאא

• אK • FJKE • אK • אV5K • אK

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ١٠١ -

٣K אאאאW

• )V5(+ • )V0( • א )Z(

אאאאאאאאאK

CMOS אאאאאMOSFETאאא

אאW• אK • אאK • אאאאK

אXXX4Kאאאאא CMOSK

J אCMOSאאאאKאאאאאאK

J אאK J אאאKאא)V( DDא )V( SS

אאאאK אF١٠J٥EאאאאNAND

א ١١١ אא

אא אאא

- ١٠٢ -

F١٠J٥E

אא

אאאא


אאאא

א

١١

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١٠٣ -

אאWאאK

אאW

אאW١K א ٢K אאאK ٣K אאאK

אאאW

אא٨٠K٪

אאW٤אK

אאW

אאאK

אאWאאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١٠٤ -

א١١J١W

אאאאאאאאאאאKאאK

١١J٢א

א 1V،2VאOVאאאF١KE

+

א א _

א א אא

+

_ Vcc

Vcc

V1

V2

F١١J١E

אאא 1V،2V،אאאאאOAאאW

F١١J١KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK)VV(AV 12OO −=

אF١Eא0VO =אF١١J٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 2OO VAV =

א0V2 =א

F١١J٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 1OO VAV −=

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١٠٥ -

א 32 א2VאK(3)אא1Vאא

א1אVאאא2VאאKאאאא

KאאאאאאאW

אאאאאאא000.400 א ΩΩ M80:M10א ΩΩ 100:10

אאא،אאאאK

אF١١J١EאאאKאOVאאא

)VV( 12 −F١١J٢KEVo

+Vcc

- Vcc

(V2 - V2)

V α1 V α1

F١١J٢E

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١٠٦ -

אאOV)VV( 12 − אאFאאEאאא)VV( 12 −1Vα2Vα א

אאאCCV+CCV−)VV( 12 − K אא،

אאKאאאאא

אאאK

١١J٣אאR2

+VO

_R1

Vin

IV1

V2

I

F١١J٣E

אF١١J٣EאאאKאאin

O

VV

אאWF١١J٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE

1

2

in

O

RR

VV −

=

F١١J٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE 1

2inO R

RVV −=

21 R,R א

אאא1R2RKאאאOAאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١٠٧ -

Kא( 7 )OAאא1Vאא،1V

2VאKאאאאאאא 1V،2VK

א1Vאאא2VאאK

١ אFRאא100−

אW

i

F

RR

A =

iF ARR =

)2.2(100 Ω−= KRFΩ= KRF 220

١١J٤אאא

R2

+VO

_R1

_

+

V1

V2

F١١J٤E

אF١١J٤EאאאאאאאW

F١١J٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 1

2

in

O

RR1

VV

+=

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١٠٨ -


1אRאאא1RאKאאאאK

אאאK

Rf

+VOUT_

Ri

100 KΩ

4.7 KΩ

Vin

F١١J٥E

אF١١J٦E אF١١J٤Eא0R 2 =، ∞=1R

אאאאF١١J٥EKאאאאאאאאאinVאאKא

אאאאאאאאאK

+VOUT

_V1

V2

Vin+

_

F١١J٦E

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١٠٩ -

١١J٥אא

Rf

+

VIN1

VOUT

1

_VIN2

VIN3

2

3

R1

R2

R3

F١١J٧E

אאKא

אאאאאאא

אאאאKאF١١J٦EK

אW

F١١J٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE )VRR............V

RRV

RR(V in

n

F2in

2

F1in

1

FO +++=

אאאאא

אKאאאK

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١١٠ -

٣אאאF١١J٨EW

Rf

+

VIN1 = +3 V

VOUT

1

_VIN2 = +2 V

VIN3 = +8 V

2

3

10 KΩ

R1

R2

R3

47 KΩ

100 KΩ

10 KΩ

F١١J٨E

אW 213.0

4710

11 =

ΩΩ

==KK

RRW F

100.010010

22 =

ΩΩ

==KK

RRW F

11010

33 =

ΩΩ

==KK

RRW F

)]8(1)2(1.0)3(213.0[ vvvVout ++−=vVout 84.8−=

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١١١ -

١K אאאאאW

Rf

+VOUT_

Ri

47 KΩ

4.7 KΩ

VinAol = 150.000

Rf

+VOUT_

Ri

220 KΩ

4.7 KΩ

Vin

Aol = 200.000

Rf

+VOUT_

Ri

22 KΩ

1.0 KΩ

Vin

Aol = 185.000

א ١١١ אא

אא א

- ١١٢ -

٢K אfRאאאclA

Rf

+VOUT_

Ri1.0 KΩ

Vin

Acl = 50

Rf

+VOUT_

Ri12 KΩ

Vin

Acl = 8

Rf

+VOUT

_Ri

10 KΩ

Vin

Acl = -300

Rf

+VOUT

_Ri

2.2 KΩ

Vin

Acl = -75

א ١١١ אא

אא

- ١١٣ -

١K ?אאא?،

٢K ?א?א

٣K ?א?

4. "Electric Circuits Fundamentals'' Thomas Floyd

5. "Electronic Devices '' Thomas Floyd

١١١ א

אא

אאWאאא١

אא٢

אא٤

אא٥

אא٦

אאא٧

٨

אאW ٩

א١٠

א١٢

אאאאא١٤

١٦

אאWאאאא١٨

אאאא١٨

١٩

א٢٠

١١١ א

אא

٢١אאאא

אאא٢٢

٢٣

א٢٥

אאאא٢٦

אאאאא٢٧

٣١

אאאWא٣٣

אא٣٣

אאא٣٣

א٣٦

א٣٩

٤٠

אאWאאא٤٣

אא٤٣

אא٤٤

א٤٩

אאא٤٩

١١١ א

אא

٥٥

אאWא٥٧

אאאא٥٧

אN ٦٠

אP٦١

٦٣

אאWאא٦٤

אאא٦٧

אאאא٦٨

אאא٦٩

٧٥

אאWאאא٧٦

אא٧٩

אאא٨٤

٨٨

אאWאא٩٠

אא٩٠

אא٩٢

١١١ א

אא

٩٥

אאWאאא٩٧

אאWא ١٠٣

א١٠٢

١١١

אא١١٣

אאאאאא

אאFאEא

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