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. . . . . . . .
Dalton
Rutherford
Schrodinger
~450.
~1800.
1904.
1911.
1913.
1926.
125 .
,
.
Tomson
Bohr
::
(~(~460 ..460 ..--370 .370 .) ) , , . . . . . . , , , , . .
(~460 ..- 370 .)
: :
, , , , , , ( ( = ). = ). = ). = ).
. . . .
, , , , . . (341-271 ..)
Dalton Dalton
Dalton: Dalton:
John Dalton (1766-1844).
Thomson (1897)
Thomson !
..
, , ..
:
..
H H ..
Thomson
Thomson (1Thomson (1Thomson (1Thomson (1Thomson (1Thomson (1Thomson (1Thomson (1904904904904904904904904))))))))
.
,
,
Rutherford (1871-1937)
RutherfordRutherford
42He
ThomsonThomson
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.
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: :
1800 ( ).
TT ! !
... ... . . 15 15 . . ( ( Rutherford)Rutherford)( ( Rutherford)Rutherford)
TT Thomson!Thomson!
RRRRRRRRutherfoutherfoutherfoutherfoutherfoutherfoutherfoutherforrrrrrrrd d d d d d d d (1(1(1(1(1(1(1(191919191919191911)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)
.
Rutherford Rutherford ::
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,
50 m
50 m -
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RutherfordRutherford
Rutherford Rutherford (( ) ) , , ....
Rutherford Rutherford ..
. .
: J. J. Thomson () . Rutherford
Thomson, Thomson, , , . .
Rutherford, Rutherford, Rutherford, Rutherford, ::.. ( (), ), , , .. , , . .
: .: . 4343--4545
:: 11--33 :: 11--33
!!