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Huafirn upeAB[A rrocoxara na c6,opnrr rarraJr-Konerrop creA rleETpanHara ruaxra, rrpeAno-Jrox[xMe, qe c€Bepo3arraAlrnf,T ]rbJr Ea nocrpoftxara e yrrrrqoxen rrpn npoxonaaanero My trpe31958r. Oraga ce, qe rauaJlrr e nanpaBen qper prqfloro E3ronaBane rra xra6oxr oxolo 7 unpaBoarbJrurr xJla.qenrlrt xa 4-5 M eARH or rpyr n [poronaBane Ea ryneJrf, uo.q HerotrarrnTeyqacrar[r. Tosa Aanaue HaAexAa, qe noHe qacr or ceBepo3anaAHnr rrbr e 3ana3eHa. IlpoyrsaxeroHa IuouITa ceB€po3anaAno or courax I raro qrno npercraBn cxorna crparr{rpaQnr na0,5H,80rvr Ae6emrre ocrarrxtr or pa:lpyuerroro xuJrrrure. Eerrrr neuelren cnofi lrncrarrre caMo BceBeplrxt xpafi na flpoyqBanoro rrapBo pa3rrrupemre Ra conAaxa. Hagony cJreABarue r3Becrrrxf,Tseqe crofi or ropeJT[ Ma3IIJIxn c uano6pofinr xepaurunr Sparrr.renTn B uero. flpoyrBarr€To EaocTanilIltt EeKomocasrnMerpoB croft naA rroAa 3anoqna or K)r xrM cen€p. flpocne4exa 6eure3arla3elrara Ao oxono 0,20 rra BncorrtrEa roxna creua Ea xrJrrilqero. Ilemrrr rcro3atraAen trbJr Eauocrpof,xara 6eure lrnrJrrren or Ma3uJrKR, rJraBHo crerrrrn. 3anaAsara crexa xa rrqara 6enretraAIraJIa Ha roBa Mrcro EaBbrp€, raTo qasrnqno oe 6eure parpyurnna H ocuoBara ri. Mex4y ner xnoAa 6eure trpoyqeH TrIIrx 6sr srarHesr nefleJren croft. Cenepno or ro3tr ) racrsx 6eiue parurcrerraIuolqa,qxa or H3rteqena rJrrrga c roJIeM[ pa3Meprr, rB,qrrailla oe IIaA uoAa. Hsrocno or Eeg,npx6rnanreJrno B IlenTpaJrrrara qacr aa xbrrlara, 6rxa EaMeperrn 3 roleuu xpr,rJrrr Aymrr,pasnoJloxeEu no BlpxoBere na mo6paxaeM EenpaBuJrerr rprrbrLmurx. Mex.uy rax s, rrxrr€EararurolqaAl(a nona.qgaxMe Ha cpaBnr{Tengo ,qu6ora rMa c MaJr}x ruraMeTtp. Cne,qnaf,rn ro.qa, oetraraxnaxMe Ha xnaAeHell or raniur-KoJreKTopa, rofiro pa3pyruaBarrre ceBepo3ana,qilrr brbJr Harmruo6urnara rrJroulaAra R qacr or eArro eJrr{ucoBruxo 3bpuoxpaxrrm{ule (17) 6es 3tpno. Ha orolo3 u sa ceBep or rpl{Te IIeHTpanHr{ AynKr{ 3anoqna Aa ce oqepraBa Macr{Brro cbopbxenrre - KaKTo c€ora3a rlo-Kacno - ocnoBa lra rreul c roJIeMH piBMepH. B rpxrrunxra Morcgy nerrfra lr conqax I6rxa pasqucreHn E KoJrxo rJlrrxenrr 3bpuoxpaHxJmula. EgEo rpaflerloBnAxo (7) s, el11oqernpncrpanno, Eo c Barperrrna pa3AeJrureJrua crerra (8) - MexAy xauGapa rr [errlTa, noqrrrAoJlengrrr Ao Bbrpellrnara crerra. IOxno or rpaneqoBnltnoro - xpbrno c Mrroro oBLHreHo 3bpno Bnero (9). Oqe nd Ha lor 6rxa perncrpfipaur{ ocsoBrrr€ na 2 rolels AoJreneHE 3}pnoxpanr{nnura (10r I l), nrpnoTo or xor{To c Brrpeluna nperpaAua creua. Mex,uy [ocJreAnure 2 rpym cbopbxenur 3a3tpuo 6erue paruncrelro qbopsxentre 3a cMtrJrane rra 3apno, AoJreneno rtM R3Toqlrara grega EaocHoBara lra neIrITa. Mex.Uy [erUTa It MexAurrEara (arrpeurnara) crerra ga xrr\ara 6etuepa3rlf,crello cboplxeHl{e or IB[eqeHa nrnrra c rr3AaJrxena qerrpncrpanrra $oprvra - sa cr6npane rratre[eJlTa npu onaJrBaue Ha [elqra, qnftro BxoA e 6r.lr xru 3a[a,q. Henocpe4crBego Ha 3ana\ orneneJlnoTo sboplxeHfie H or ceBepo3a[aAxur brrJr Ea leulTa 6eure naueperr Brrcox rJr[rren rrpar orBparara B MexArrHnara crelra, naAlraJr KbM Klr. Oure nd Ha 3anaA 3a nbpBu rrbr B xuqara 6eureycranoBeua Aonlra qacr Ha orpoMen xep{rMuqex sbA-3rpnoxpannJrlrqe (12), c Miurxo oBailreno3tpHo B lrero. B ceneporalraAHHr braJl Ha lroMerlleEtrero creABaxa ocHoBH rra ExxoJrKo urRIreHE3bpl{oxpaErilIaqa llPrrno (13) u xBaAparlro (14) qo Bbrpeurrara sreHa, orpoMeE xepaMEqeH cbA,cMa3ag Ha Mtcro (15) - Ao 3anaArrara creHa rra xtulara ri MexAy 3tpgoxpaxu:rqa 14 s 17, uHaxpat KBaAparEo (16) - npeA Bropnr cbA-3apnoxparrrJrr{ule. B ns6poernr€ cbopsxenn-f, ne 6sxaEaMepeEu cneAr{ oT 3bpHo.

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3a npoyrnanero Ea Krrou3Toqnnr brbJl Ha xlulara ce rriuloxu pa3xo[aBallero Ea 3-verponnrxyJITypeH IUIacr HaA Hero. Tofi crAbpxarue ocraxxx or 3 crpouretrnn xoprcorra. B ropnrre ABa ortrx Qnuara repaMr{ra 6erne pncynana xarTo c 6rra, Tara R c B[HeEoqepBeEa 6oc. B rperr{r c€cpeqaxa Sparuenru or qbAoBe, yKpacoun caMo c 6rra 6oc. Haaoly cJreABarue rnBecrgxrr BeqeAe6er 6rn neueren caofi 6es naxoArn. fIoA Hero 3anoqna pa3qxcrBanero Ra c.nofi oT ropennMa3I{JIxE. Henocpe,ucrBeno Ao xar'rGapa (6) 6erue purq[creHo qerrpncrpannoro 3tpnoxpaHrur{rqe5. IOxso or Hero n naK Ao H3TorrHara creHa ce rraMlrparue oule eAEo roJrflMo qerfipgcrpaHno3tpuoxpauuJlnue (18), no 5eg cnewr or 3!pno. Ha ror or Hero rr or 3bpnoxpaHunuqe 2nano4a6rxa orrpnrn Htxomo [aExyJroBr{AHr rexecrrr or Beprurilnen Trraqeu crax. flo-nararax nolfbrce oriua HacrJrag c ritrbK, Ho rrnrrerl 6cr neueren crofi. ]Ororgrosgr{rr trbn sa rtu,ara 6eue3an6Jrrren or eApu racoBe R3nerrenlr crerrxr{ Ma3nJrxr{. Bnuuarensoro f,M pa3rracrBane rro3BoJM AaEaIrpaBnM xoucrararl[s 3a B[corruHara Ha crenrrre. flpu naAauero Ha K]rrlara rro BpeMe Ha noxap[3Toquara noJIoBuHa or rcxxara creHa (uex4y roro[3Torrnxr brbJl n nparara) c€ e [peqynnnaupu6rrusnreJllto tro xoplnolrrrurxara crr oc fi ce e nperbHana HaBarpe. .(aere noJroBrrHr{ 6rxa culuoEarporuesr, Iro MoxaxMe Aa ycranoBnM, qe raltc€Hara Bucoqrrna e oxoJro 2,20 u. Koncrarnpaxuegbrrlo, qe B qacrra 6rurso Ao Bpar4Ta creHara e 6nna yAe6erena orBbrpe . 3anarenara Br{gorrilrra Har3Toquara crena Henocp€AcrBeso Ao roron3Torftruc brbr Aocrrtfaure 0,80 rr,r. Kaxro r)m, TaKa E rro

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B pery-nrar Ha npoAbtxuJroro ABa H noJroBHHa Mec€qa apxeoJror[qecxo [poyqBarre cragatcHo' qe B nafi-Aomnrt crpol{TeJleH xopl{3oHT Ha @JrIfIIIero cMe nonaAHantt Ha orpoMga 3a BpeMeTocr Ha3eMHa nOCrpOfixa_clc cra6orpanerloBr{4Ha $oprraa u -pa3Mepn Ha crerrr{Te- 9,27 u (ceircpna),12,34u (nrrorna), 9,69r'r (t"{rg} ",}?4y (sdnarxaF. Ilnorqra * naaxrrpnr 'll7is.;.Opnerraqntra Ha AbJrrara oc e CCld-ryrc3 (orraonenne or MarHHrHHr ceBep 2t";'+. t";r""r"iuEa greHHTe' I{3rpaAelrn or nJler H urHHa, 6ula oxolo 2,20 u. Bparara e na roxnara crena. TasassrH norpl{Bnara xoHcrpylolEs 6naR nocenu xaKTo or AbpBeHEs cxerer Ea creHRTe, Taxa n or 3MacuBHH AbpBeEu KoJIoHH B cpeAaTa Ha xaulara. flocrpofixara ce gbcrorJra or 2 nor"renleHng,pa3AeJIeHu or creHa c Bpara B Het. B ror.sl{oro (toxnoto) uoueqenne ce EaMrrpaJrrr orgtrule,rurIIHeHa luoqaAKa 3a AoMaKHHcxr{ HyxAr{' KynonHa ueu1, 2 gbopbxelrur 3a trerreJr, cbopl,x€nue 3acMI{JIaHe na 6paruuo, 18 rlnuenlr Ir KepaM[rtHH 3bpnoxpaH[Jruula, xeprBeua flMa, EeprrraJregrrraqeg crag rr ABa AbpBenrr oA6pa. Malxoro (cenepnoro) noueqexne c R3noJr3BaEo 3a cronancxnFyxAn, BKJr. r{ xaro pa6oruJrnr{qa 3a optlu{r Ea rpyAa, floAtr fia xbrqara 6nl xaupaeeE or rJlrtraBlpxy AlpBeH rpeAopeA c nHJlorll, a cre.q roaa 6rut Msoroxparno 3aMa3Bag.-Krnfara 6nnayHrrqoxeHa oT cHJreH noxap.

KYJITYPHO OTHAC.'HE 14 AATI{POBKA HA XHJIHMETO

Kaxro B€qe nocoq'xMe, HaA loro[3Toq'ara qacr Ea xufiHrq*{r ,,oA r(yJrryprrnnr ruracr rracenmqero 6e[re gaua3en B rltrlara cu 4e6emrua - oKoJro 3 rra- C;;;p;;-e ocramn or 4crponreJrEu erana' nafi-panurrr or Kol'tro BKrroqBarxe H n3cJreABa"atu'*rqa (o6p. +)- Hif"uruocIIoBa nexeile Blpxy crepl{JlHa urlHa, T. e. rocrpofixa:ra npI{HaAJrexH rru naft-paunoTo ceJrrrrle B

o 0,5 1+$Fo6p. 4- Ilpofiut rut Ky/tnypnun-nnacm ,ra paHuoHeonwn*omo ce,rwle Crcmwu .t yqacmbna c uscrted1axamo Kb.4a: I - IVcmPormleJreH xolvsoHm; 2 - III cmpoumeteH xopusown; 3-- II cmpourneneH xopizorn; 4: I cmpoumeaen xopusonm; 5 -xyrryceH nrncm; 6 - ctnepunu etuxa; 7 - u3neqeHu do uepaexo ettweuu ,4at3uru(u

t0

mmffin

Nl--1

ffiffi

cnarasa. flpoyrexara B To3n brbJr Ea cexropa rtJrou 6eure oxolo 26 xn. M - Aocrarsqrra 3aEaonlo,4eErls c Bl{coxa crerleH Ha cl{rypEocr, oule rroBeqe caMo ocraErHTe or nafi-roprroro cennulese 6rxa onoxapeun. Ilprr roaa sa6rnoaexntrra Bbpxy xapaxrepa Ha Marepu:umara KyJrrypa B TpRTexoplr3onTa Ea coqAa:( II (4 xn. u) ce noxpnBar c AaEHEre or golmre 3 iopnronTa B roron3Toqna,srbn Ea ceKTopa. CrparrrpaScxara xaprl{Ha B_geKTop I crorsercrra sa sa6morerraflr? or,uooeratrpoyq€Hrre ,@a ropnrr xopn3onTa r cexrop II.rlerrpnre crponreJrHr{ xopr3onTa s

-Crarusa rrpnnaAJrexar lra nbpBrre ABa erana Bpa3Bartrero Ha paHEoHeoJrHTIraTa xyJrrypa B rleBrp{urEo6anraxcxaTa 3orra. .{onnnre 2 cemllqa cexapaxreplBlrpar or I'r3noJr3Balrero ca*to aa 6.yr9 6oc aa yrpaca na $nnure repaMuqgu cLAoBe.

Xpononornqecx! cxo.[Eo u Tepnropuarso nafi-6rn3Ko rsneglf,e ce or6enxr"a s aorr,,f,r rrnacr Ha@Jrlllrlero npn frnt6rum, Pa4or"nrpcKos. B ropmrre 2 cermrqa EapeA c 6raara ce r6rroJ3BarBEEeHorIepBeIra r caernora$rsa__6ox 3a _yxpaca Ha cL,qoBeTe. flogo6sa cr{Tyarur na6nrgo eperncrpf,paEa B c€Jlxrqero IIpE 9angap, Cpe4noropcxo6, B ceJrurrlero Ao flepnax?, & cbrrlo E Bcpeffil{c [nacr Ira ceJlElqero rpx fant6mrxE, flpelq.aserrara crpannpa4cxa xaprrrga Eac€m{ulero C-narnna oKoHrIareJIHo orxBbpJlfl xaro EeBeprrf, Aotrycxaggrra Ba H. IiErxos gaxpoxo-Jlorsq@rf, Irpnoplrrer Ha TtMHr{Te 6on B yxpacara Ira parrHorreonxTrrara repaMrra BCo$rftcxoro uolee.

_ Ilpo6.nertrbr 3a xyJrryprroro orgacrne Ea c€Jrnrlero Clarnna e Aocra cJroxex x oxonqareJrnoqe 6rAe peueH cneA 3aBlpruBalre_Ha pa3ronxrrre. 3acera cMrrraMe, qe ceJrulqara, ocraBgJrg ropg14TeABa crpoHTeJrHn xoplr3oxra, rpr6aa Aa ce orlrecar xrlM fBnexne c npexoArrn treprf, MexAy xtcggteran Ha KyJITypa Kapaxoro I n ryarypa Crapveoo II-I[. Toaa ryarypno rBnenlre HaprqaMe rpynaKpeulror4rro. .{onnrre ABa cTpolrrennf, xopn3orrra n Clarnna ce xapaxreprrriat or ,[ir"repaMlrKa' noKp[Ta c qepBeHa arno6a u opuaMelrrlrpana caMo c 6cna-6oc.

-Opn'arueuraa|araroMIIo3r{qIIt e MHoro qecro rpH,qeJrHa. fIoA ycrn_qfo e pa3rroroxerr r@en nocc or gde6na Mpexecrayrpaca r{Jrn [oBTaptq ce MlroroKparHo MorI{B. Haaony cn€ABa ocgoBrrara xoMno3r{qfif, - Irmpornocc' rBrpaAeH Mlroro qecro or rprrsrLJrnr n pou6xrlElf MorIrBr I{nE 3aer or roMno3xrprrra ,,BelreqEa ruroAopo,4{ero". Pncynanure cbgoBe o6ilrnoseHo ci! c HrrcKo rpr{AeJrgo groJrrre, xoero norrr1orae yKpaceHo, nafi-qesro c xoprBoETaJrIlI{ Jrelrrrr. Onncanara opnaMerrraJrua yxpaca, rarro

" 6il;;;Ha clAoBeTe, Bbpxy KoHTo e npeAcraBella - Hl{crtr xyllu, pa3JlaTfl rrAHulgl n csepnrnn rbpgeTa cEHcKa rIIIIt, - e EeorAeJIr{Ma qacr or pl{cyBaHara xepaMxra or Kynrypa Rapanoao lit. EegcbMHeHue B nlpBara uoJroBRHa or cBoero cbrqecrByBase clarrna e uafi-ranaAHoro oeJrr{rqe Ira ra3llSyJITypa. Crasa ccHo, qe xI{JIuIrIero, c xoero ce 3antrMaBaMe, npnnaAJrexx KaM xyJrrypa KapanonoI, H ro rru gefinur parreH eran.

rro BpeMe rra npoyqBaHero rra r*rrrara 6rxa B3ern floBerre or 3 nysnrn upo6x aapaAnoBBurepoAHo AarHpaHe. Te sxrrcqsar [apqera or cBbrJreHo AbpBo or [oAoBr{r rpeAopeA r{ orAlpBeHara KoHCTpyKIInt Ha CTeHI{Te, a CAUIO OBbrJreso 3bpEo, pa3nHrsHo nrpxy rroAa, r{ or36pHoxpaHl{Jrllulara. flpes 198G-1987 r. n Bep-nuncrara -ua6oparopnr 6nxa nscre;riar"r iZ'nfoO"or Bclrqxll rpyflH. 3a nolyuennre (olrBeHrluogzurgr pa4xoorrnbpo.dro 4arn (usrncJreHrr np" 3SO8-roAHIIreE rlepuoA lra [onyp_a3na4) ca np€&IlgTeHlr u ranu6paqnoHrrx HHTepBaJrtr cropeA eAHa oruaf,-crrypnl{Te 3acera xanr6paquolrHr{ KpHBH12. flocoqenu ci uarepna-nrr si upo6ara n

^r"ctoro ")KHJII{UIeTO, OT KOeTO e B3eTa.

Bln 3434

.{rpao: xoJr B

K)XHaTa cTella

Bln 3435

{rpao: xoJr B3ana.{IlaTa CTeEa

Bln 3436

,{rpao or no,qoBr{rB IOTOtr3TOIIHRf, A,f,I

Bln 3437

.{rpro or rroAoBntB Ioro3ana.@{g il',ll

rpeAopeAIIA K6IIIATA

rpeAopeAHa xbuaTa

6890+60

4940b{.(5810- 5650 BC)

6850 + 50

4910 bc(s800 - 5650 BC)

6840+ 60

4890 bc(5800-5640BC)

6810+50

4860 bc(5730- 5640 BC)

u

Bln 3438

3rpuoor 3rpHoxpasumqe 5

Bln 3439

3rpuoor 3bpHoxpanrrurure I

Bln 3440

3rpuoor 3bplroxpaxurulqe 3

Bln 3441

3rpuoor 3bpHoxpaHlrJlxqe 2

Bln 3442

3rpuoor KepaMHqeH cbA

Bln 3443

3rpnooT KepaMHrleH clA

Bln 35Ct4

[rpro Bbpxy noAaB K)rOr{3TOqHgC Atn Ha XatqaTa

Bln 3555

,{rpro Btpxy no.qaB ceBepo3anaAl{I{s MI HA xbrllaTa

6960 + 60

5010 bc(5960 - s730 BC)

6940+60

4990 bc(5e50- s670 BC)

6840t60

4890 bc(5800-5640BC)

6960t 60

5010 bc(5960-s730BC)

6780+60

4830 bc(s720- 5600 BC)

6840 + 60

4890 bc(s800 - 5640 BC)

6970 + 60

5030 bc(s980 - 5730 BC)

6830 + 60

4880 bc(s740 - 5630 BC)

Kala6paunoHgure urrrepBilrr{ Ea npeAcraBenr{Te 12 upo6u ce rpocrnpar Mex.qy 5980 n

5600r.np.".e., Ho gbBnaAaT noMex.(y cn c no-roJIeMH I'IJIH nO-MtIJIKH CBOI{ qacTH B nepuoAa

5g10-5460 r. ilp. H. e. Karo HMaMe upeAanr, qe rculara or Clarrna upl{HaArexH x}M paHHHt erarl

Ha KyJrrypa Kapixono I n.re e caurecrByBulrra noBetle or TIoJIoBI{H croJlerl{e, cMtraMe' qe e rlpHeMrsBo

Aa fl orHeceM KbM nepnoAa 58lO-575Or. np. H. e. Kru c-bulut eran I{a KyJrrypa Kapanono I eacera c"rc

csrypgocr e orHeceHo caMo ceJrr{ulero xpafi Eleurnnqa B AoJII{Iiara sa Mecral3.

*'lt

EqHo .qo6pe 3anaeHo H .qo6pe npoyqeHo npa[crop[qecKo xllJrnlqe 3aeAHo c EeroBoro

Bbrperuno o6opy,unane e u3ToqHHr( Ha 3uaqr{reJrlra rr pa3lrocrpanna nu$opMal$t 3a ApeBHoroo6qecrno. Xulnqnara nocrpofixa e uaft-uaJrxara caMocrocreJrna crpyrrypa B ceJrflulHoroycrpoilcrno, a ueinure o6xrarelu gbcraBflT o6nxsoeeRo nafi-va;rxara caMocrotreJllra rpy[a B

o6lqecrsenara opraHr3arlfir. Tosa ogHaqaBa, qe or ocramure Ha eAHo npaficropHqecxo xnnfiIrleMoxe Aa 6rAe u3BreqeHa nn$opr'rarUrc, or eAHa crpana, 3a rexnuxara Ira crpoETercTBoro f,exororuqecxara i obycloaenocr, 3a rexHHrrecKHT€ Bb3Moxuocrn I{a enoxara' 3a crellelrra Ea

c'bo6pa3cBage c Mecrnr{Te xJruMarnqnu oco6eHocrtr, 3a noMrtHbxa u 6nra Ea HaceJrelrnero' 3a

p€Jrurr{o3rro-MHToIorfiqHaTa My cHcTeMa, a, oT Apyra cTpaEa' 3a coqnulEaTa cTpyxTypa u^o6ur"crg""rrte orrro[reHr{s. Karo ltcropuqecxrr II3TovHI{x xlrff{ulero Hocrl tt orpaHrtles o6e]'r

t2

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orneAaJIO Ha XIIBOTa I{a xopaTa, xoHTo c& ro cb3AaIH I{ I{3IIO'1I3BaJIfl14'

,.{ocera Btpxy repHTopilcra Ha parr{FolreonETlrrrre-^xyJITypIa c pficyBaFfa KepaM]lxa B

loronsroq"a En"pona "u 6ni"ttp^su rurixosere Ha na,q 60 Ha3erdlru noc"npofixw. Creuerrla na

Tflxgara 3ana3e6ocr e pa3nuqna. B noeeqero cJyqau ca ycrauoBelrn caruo Aynxure or xonoBere Ha

crer{Hara rroc€qa xogcrpy1qqxs r{ ocnoBara Ha neurra. flo-px,uo ca pa3xxcrels AP}'rx cbop}xeHns

- o6gxnosego B cryqar{Te, Roraro nocrpofixara e l{3ropflJra or noxap. fufsoro or rrpoyqeHl'ITr

ocragxrr or xgJr[rilra ca e.nafio AoK]erer{TEpaEI{, a roBa ee rrpenacs R B cGoroerxnre uy6nnxaryrn. 3a

rorsMara qacr 1;1 rleJrr{Te rrJrauoBe na icils{ ca ny6rmryBasu caMo pash,{€pxre. Ha"qx'Iuero na

cbopbxe11nfl ce crroMer{aBa, Ho I{eBI{Harx ce nocoqBa Tf,)(EOTO MSCT0, A C}i*CeL4 pf,,Ex0 ._ TexHI{?e

pa3MepE.' Ha Qona Ha roBa clcToxHr{e Ha }r3BopoBaTa Sasa Ha paEHoHeoJrRTHoTo xrrJrslluilo

"tporntir"iso s IOrcH3ToqHa Enpoua orKptrBaxoro I{ npoyqBaHero Ha rr'luara or C:rarRna ca

prqtx uraHc. Enaro4apenxe rJraBEo Ha yHr{IqoxHTeJIHHr floxap cTeiIeI{Ta Ea 3ana3eHocT aa

nocrpofixata H HaMHpatqHTe ce B Her rrp€gMern e Aocra BficoKa. Karro rue cralre scHo flo-Harar]Ks ugroxeHxero, ctSpanara nn$opuauxf, Ee caMo xornqecrBeHo' Ho H KaqecrB€so EaAx'Bapnc

H3BecrHoro Aoc€ra 3a crpol{TeJruara rexur{ra, 6ura lr p€nErI{o3Ho-MI{ToJIorgqFara cldcreMa na gafi-

paEHr{Te 3eMeAenqx n ciorortArlu Ha Enponeficrut KoHTI{HeIrr. 3arosa qeJrra Ira npeA;IaraHara

xHgra e He caMo Aa 6rAar orrgcanl{ Berlqxri ga6rno.qenur, Ha[paBelr!{ no BpeMe lra pa3Koml{Te' Ho

Aa ce HanpaBI{ o11yr 3a H3Brgrra1{ero rra MaKcrrMtuIHo KoJrllqecrno ux$opr'raqxfl 3a pe.ilFrra Baxnr{

acrreKTx Ea Ap€BHara rryJrrypa. Tosa qe ce oeatuecrBu c rIoMoIrITa na na6rno!.enus Pr AaHITI{ orTpaAtrrS{oHIIaTa 3eMeAeJICxo-CxoToBbAHa KyJITypa rnaBno n- IOroxsro'rxa Enpona, a C6UIO qpe3

H3rroJr3Bagero \r ua excrrepxMerrri!,.rnlr pg3ynrarr{. Oco6eno 3EageHEe 3a A@Tlrralrero Ea

sa6elxgannTe qenE I{MaT AaHHnTe, noJr}r{eHr{ c MeToAI{Te Ha HflKoH Apyru EayKH R I{3C"[eAOBaTeJICXE

HanpaBIeHXS.Crnceu He cMrraMe, qe np€Anarauoro I{3cneABaHe pe[raBa BcxrIKE 3aceruarl{ npo6leux.-Cne,q

ny6nnxynauero Ha rro-ntJrHa - Hxsopr"raunr 3a HtKolt rlpo) relrx panxoneonr{Tlrr{ nocrp-oftxa n

oco6eno cJreA BrilrMareJrHoro pa3KorraBarre lra Apyrn perucrpnpalrl{Te B Kblrlara or Cxatrana

cBreHnc rqe Morar Aa ce flocraBflT B HoBH Bpb3xn I{ orxolxelrug" B rosu cM}rcbJI Kbil{ara' orClar:una x s 6rAeule u{e ocraHe BaxeH fi3TorrHuK na unQopuaul4f, 3a paHI{oHeoJIHTHara Kyxrypa B

lOron:ro.lua Enpona.

I flerron, H. Heonnrso cerrr{ule rprr ceno C:rar&sa. - Apxeo:rorxx, 1959, lS l-?, 100-105; [-{eu*r.Eai*rs 3a

Heoirgrgara xynrypa xpafi Co$ur. - Apxeoaoruc, 1961, Jt& 3, 64--73; Pucyaanxxr opuaMerr rp€3 Heorrr{ra N Co$uEeroronone n Slusxure r,ay oronHocrx. - Apxeo.norug, 196?, lu 3,43--49; Cranveaa, M., M. I-aapltJroBa" 9osemrx ri&ii{eHB

$rrypxu oa neo.rurnoro c€rrulue e CoSrrr. - Apxeo,torug, 1961'.}\& 3' 73 ?6.2 Cnnparelo Ha crpol{reJrHara AefiHocr $ opr*i{r{3r{paH€To- r{a pa3xonru{Te Seule-oe-ruxegrFfl{o c aH1EisHoro

cr,rye*crrxe "i Kyou Porena - 3aBex.Eailr ornel ,,,Apxeo,'Iorns" r Myter 3a lrcropus ria CoSx*, 3a Koerc crtrx*<ro iSxarogapx.

3 Teperuoro 3acHeMar{e Ha apxr{TeKTypridre ocraHrfi H noAroroBxara Ha qeprexsre 3a neqar ofixa fi38'bpmeHx orCre$au lcruen -- AllM npn EAH, sa rosro I'ty 6larcgapr.

a Hgrorr ocEoBEl{ rr3MepBaHfir Ha ocTaHxrlTe cr rllqaTa, BXJLU oPseH?aql{cT* t{: t}txa !L33.bpfiJe}I;t oT l{HX.

flerr,pBrnen - AltM npx EAH, 3a roero uy.6:rg1941Pf' s pavuk,J., M. e ochadliev. Neolir-hischeTe!trsiddlung bei Gilibnik in Westbulgarien. -Slov. arche6logia, 1984.

Nc l, 200--202.6 Georgiev, G. I. Die neolithische Siedlung bei eavdar, Bezirk Sofia. - In: Cultures pr6historiques en Bulgarie. S',

1981,63-109.' 7 eochadZiev, M. Die Ausgrabungen der neolithischen Siedlung in Pernik. - Nachrichten aus I'Jiedersachsens

Urgeschichte, 52, 1983, 29-48.-' 8 Pavuk, f., U. eochadiiev: I{nr' clu.,202-203.e flerxor, H. Pxcyraunxr opHaM€Hr..",43-44.ro Nikolov, V. Zueinigen Aipekten der Kultur Karanovo I. - In: Tell Karanovo und da-s Balkan-Neolithikum'

Salzburg, 1989, 27-41.i'3a *up"*tepncrr{xara lra pseyBarrara opHaMeHTanHa yxpaea B Kynrypa l(apanoao I cpe.: Huxo"ol'^^q.Opnalrexraqxx xa paunoxeo.lgTHara pgcybaHa KepaMHXa: cscreMarl{3aqlr lr xaparTepncrn(a" - Apxeo:rorns, 1983'

.\re 1-2, c. 33, 37-39.it Koru"",urou:L{Hrre paAuoBLrnepoA}rg Aarn tr TexHHTa xalH6paqnoHgt ltHTapBa:'IH no xp*{Bars aa T. Jlaaxx,A. Ilo*rr, II. ,{auox z K. @epfioctu (Radiccarbron, 28. 1986) rtr}{ 6rx1-cro6lrleHx or I{. Pa.cnrax (lteNrpa,leil H]icrriryr 3a

crapa xcropt{fl r apxeoJlornr - Eep;rr'lu} e nxcua or 19. Itr. x 21.IV. 1987'' rr Cnopea a"annsa Ha Marepr{aJrr{ara x)jr'lypa & cnopeA H_:ulilrll{ltr€ 6 pa4xcrntr.nepoAirg Aarlr. Cpn" Nikoicv, V.

Unr. cr.r., ".

)9.3u Marepuiuri{ara KyJrrlipa r;r ce:rnuimn ax": Hnroaoe, R., K. N{ac;:apor. fiperxn ce,ralqa rpaftE,.teunrxua. C., 1987.

la PaSRsonnv, M.,{peuuni.nax,{ruaSr u xrrrlltqe. - Coe. arxorpa$nx, !969. }S ?. -5-?3; Kypeuuofi, B.

.:Iarm[aQr il HapoAsoe xnnNrq€. - Ilpxpo.Ua, 1971, j\& i2, 45 5l;- Pexoncrpl,'xuxc ApeBHHx o6utccrnexuux ornouexnfr no

arx.eoJrornqecrl{M MarepHaJraM xfiJ'tHul n nocenexplft. n.,l974; MaccoH, B.3xc,uovxxa H coqna-nbi{rrfi *poft Ap€BHsx

of,urerre. JI.. 1976" i10-1 12.

i.J

U. APXI{TEKryPA

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METOAHI{ECKH EEJIEXKLI 3A PEKOHCTPYKIIH.TA

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Brs Bcern ucropurr@xrr uepnoA Kbrrlara 3aeMa Ba)KHo Mscro n o6qecrnenara r{3rBa EasefrItr{re crpoHTeJrlr u oco6eno na o6nraremrre ir. fIopaAI{ ToBa HegaBHcHMo or cr€rrerrra Hapa3BnrEe Ha crpoETeJrEara TexI{HXa nprr rlsrrbJrneaxero xa uocrpofiKaTa ce Abpx5 Ea Bt3Moxrronafi-ronrua np€AcraBI{TeJIHocr. Tosa o6ase Ee o3HaqaBa, qe pexoncrpyxqr{rra rpn111a iu Ail"nperoBapeHa B TexHtrrlecxo orHolrlerure. Han_porra, rpr6ua Aa ce ci6mo.qaBa rrpnm[mtr 3atrpocrora lra pelueHl{gra, u3pa3tBaIII ce s ns6ffsanero Ira u3Jrlfiunrr xorrcrpyrrnBnn €JreMeHTf,,xoETo IIo TexElrqec(oro cI{ HI{BO He cLorBercrBar Ha o6qara KoncrpyKrtr[r u Ee ca oco6eRoseo6xo.u{r,m 3a R3nbJrnerrnero.

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i Pasxouxu E npoyrrBagxr, rn.25 t7

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or xbrrlgre c Hooeu[r creHu (xanpnrraep rnuno6urrnre neornino-xiulxoJrlrrnt nocrpofixu n flpe.una

Arne) cKeJrerHaTa roHcTpyKrlr{r Ha H3CJreABaHaTa rcqa [oeMa IIeJrIrt ToBap' a crelruTe

(npeacranes[ qpe3 grycrpanna rnr{Herra vasunra) cJryxar caMo 3a oQopvrne Ha crpaAara I{

noMeIIIeHIttTa, 3a TOIInUHHa I{ 3ByKOBa }BoJIaIIHf, OT BbHIIIHaTa CpOAa.

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xbrrlara npocrpaHcrso 6es AHcxycHr ornaAHa reoperuqHara Bb3Moxlrocr 3a tr3noJBBalre Ha

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cuo6xu. OrxnsplfireTo Ha sepr..rure xaTo lrenoAxoAfula 3a rrturHqlrs-s uraE xoHcTpynuc He

o3'arraBa o6aqe orrassage or Ha[peqnrrre Bpb3xr,r. Hanpornr, B peKolrcrpyKllHcra Ha lr3cneABalrara

xaula HanpesHgTe rp€Arr no xeo6xo.ryrMocr HMar Mtcro, Ho caMo Karo rlacr or xoHcrpyKquffTa lra

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rr3Ap3xJrnBn - oco6eHo Ha Beprr{raJru}I HaroBapBalrun, Aa cte uspa6oraar 6rpgo H npocro' Aa

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npHeMeM, qe ca r{3rroJr3BaHn KaKTo rBbpArr, TaKa I{ eracruqnu EaqHI{u 3a cBap3B-aHeJru rBtpAHTe

iir6na 4" rrpn"n"nr{M c}e.qrrgen[rra,,urun-4ra6", cac 3acerlKa n rrl6nosa crlo6ra. flpeA-noxeuu ca

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eJracrl{rlHlrre Bpb3KH e JrI{Koro or rnra26, Koero ce Ao6gsa JIecHo It B roJIeMI{ KoJrrrqecrBa.

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o6pa6orenu KanI{HoBI{ NJtoHrl21.' IIpu crporrrencrBoro Ha Klurara or Cramna BeposrHo e E3noJr3BaHa Mepua e.4{Hnla. Tosa e

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flpx rona Moxe Aa ce TBbpAu, qe roJreMnTe crBoJIoBe no pe.ryqa rlpHril{Er ca pa3cHrlaHu orqe Ha

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npaBoMepngrr g3BoA, qe re ca n3Mepuann. Herors.Ino e Aa cMrraMe, qe 3a ra3u IIen ca H3rloJBBaHI{

npeABaprrreJrrro rroArorBenu MepKu, HanpuMep or AbpBo, oco6eno KaTo HMaMe IIpeABlIA roJrflMoro

xoruqecrBo pa3ngrraBarq[ ce AurxlIIrH Ha xougrpyrruBlllrre eJIeMeHTu B xllqara. flo-aararrr rpa6Orara AOCrHraMe H AO npe.ErroJroxerrHe 3a AIJIxI{Hara Ha I{3[OJI3BanaTa MepHa elnEIIIIa.lfr6ra Aa'uoffrepraeu o6aue,-qe ra3r{ MrpKa Beposrlro e cnequQnvua 3a cenuulero Clarnna rrJM

AOpr{ caMo 3a cTpor{TeJlfl Ha u3cneABaHaTa xbula.flepuoArr oi roAuuara, npe3 roftro e uocrpoena Kblrlara or Clarnxa, ce o[peAent rJraBHo or

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CTEHP{ HA KbIIIATA

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caMo qacr or roprrara rgra. 3arosa-ce "alara

Aa E3noxIrM c rloBeqe Aerafilx HarrII{Te Ha6-nrc,qerlrc

3a crenl{oro orpax,(aHe Ea rlrr1,ara or Crarnsa'fllantr ru *"Jr"iu xr.aa Sopr,ra sa cna6o lr3pa3eH noqrl{_p_a_B_Iro!94qe^n Tpatreq. .{rmara uy

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uerrpanxara ri qacr n o6xsar or 1,70 r"r. Ocranxnre or rJIrIEeHara Ma:lItJIKa Ha crelrara ca cHJIHo

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0,26-4,40 t'1.

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orBbr{. Or 4rpoeuara xoucrpyxqur ca HaJTEIIe Aymure na 30 ctrn6a c Al{ayeJpr 0,10-O,12 r"r, no6porr uu e 6lu oxoJro 38. Pascrornfirra MexAy qenTpo-Bere rrM ca 0,2H,34 r'r. Crrn6oBere caBrurereHr{ B pexaB nJrer or rrpaqx[ c AuaMerap oxoJlo 0,0_2 rr.r. flo rrrpeurlrara,crpana lra ceBepnrrt,U.ffr Ha cTeHaTa JrHqaT ccHO CIe.U{ oT rrplcTllTe na o6ualBarrlaTa prxa (O6p. 5).

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11aAEaJrx HaBbrpe. Ocraxxnre or rJruuexara Ma3RJrKa ca qepBelu orBbrpe rr cRBo-qepHH orBbrr.

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2A

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22

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ce Ha oxoJro J M oT ceBepog3ToqHur brbJr Ha xburara. Paaprsana e BeprvKaJrHo no AHaMerapa'

roero ro3BorrrBa uony{aBaHero r{a nbn;"";;sd;;;inc... ],1''i o6rpnarofoHycoBl{.q'a Qopr"ra (o6p'

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23

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xoPu3oHmorteH) xa dynxa a crfe-pu.4Jtama ocHBA, HanpAsewr npura6waxemo xa cnna6 om wmoy-IUmUt ClfEHCl

. OrepraBaEero Ea IrJIaHa Ea rlulara or Clarana c orJreA rrilJrlrsnoro Mscro s ocooexogrlrre EaQnerroreorpa{cxure ycJloBtrt na pafiona e cJroxex rrpoqec, E3BbprueH or rroBex cbc 3gacrrerenorlrrr He caMo B TexlilrKara Ha crp_olrreJlgrBo, Eo I| B nparrEKara 3a nocraBrHe Ea nocrpofixara norITHMaJreH KnuMarnqeH pexnM. Cneg cloQpa3tBalle c KJruMarnqmre oco6enocrrr AlJrrara oc Ha6rgetrtal4 rblrla e opneninpana CCH-IOIO3 c oruecrsaue 2l' ot *"i""r* oeBep, a [rJraH6T eoqepralr ccc cra6o rpa[eqoBuAlra Qopua, Karo Krcara creHa na nocrpofrxara e xrv CCH.lloxe eAsa Ay3I{Ha paHIIoHeoJIrrrHR xnruqa or 6r.mapcKrire 3eMrr, a cbrqo E qacr oTtrpl{HaArexauure Ea ryrrypure c mlnefinoJrelrrecra xepaMrrxa i Erpona xunrula rrMar rro-crrJrgoIlnH rlo-cJra6o nspaseu rparerloBl{,qeH IJIaH. IIpr roni ro-Tflcnara cTpana rra Tpa11eqa coq11 Bcexropa or c€B€po3anaA Ao ceBeporr3Tox32. O6ccxenuero Ha rasu ocb6egocr B ruraEoBere EaxaIr[ITe B e.rylH roJrtM apean 3acera l{3urexAa rpy,ryo, Ho peAlrqa rBcneABarm ca cxJroErrlt AanpneMar Bp33rara IIa ToBa sBneHue c uocorara Ba rrocrofHElft Bxr1,p BtB BCerIf roErpereHpafiox33. Hesasuc[Mo or Alrelrrnrrre xrfirorg3rr roraBa, roraro $nlara e noryqnna rpaneqoBgAgaocHoBa c TrcHa cTpaHa rbM cerTopa, npr{Ha,qlexaul Ha rrocoraTa c€Bep, Ta3I{ TpanerloBr/{qa ocEoBae 6rg',a gb3rrareJrEo TapceHa. Eescnopno roBa @ orHac.f, s 3a rrJraEa Ha xlulara or cnarxna.Aro ropnara re3a e Bspga, cbc cnrypgocr MoxeM Aa TBIp,UEM, qe ,@€re xtcfi ycrtopeflilcrpaEl{ Ira TpaneqoBEAHIrs uax, oco6eEo npu roJlrMara Alnxurra Ea rir3g nocrpofia, cacpaBEf,BaHIf 3aAtJrxI{TeJrHo, 3a Aa ce nojr}ryE pa3JlrKa B AbJrxnHxTe HM B nor3a Ea roxrraTa cTpaHa.cle'qpa Aa IIanpaBEM ,'orgqgoTo Ao[ycxane, qe pa3JIEKara B AbJlxr.rrara Ha .IIB€Te rbclrgpoqyrloJloxHrr creHu e KparHa I{JrE paBEa Ha E RaxBa Mepna eAErrEqa. Csuper.rernara e,qrril{qaMflpxa 3a ALJIxI'rHa ce HaEact B ceBepnara f, roxrraTa creua Ea rbrqaTa or Cnarrsa croraerno 9,i7s'9,69 nrtn. PasnrKara MexAy ABere AbJrxnHrI e 0,42 Lr. CreAosareJruo rann pa3Jrr{xa rys6na aa ;EaEacfl lluro ql{cJro IIITI{ B ALJIxT{Hr{re Ha ABere xrcE creHx. lr nangruna 0,42 rnr ce gr.rebrtar 22,07rrbrn B ceBepHara u 23"07 rrbrtr B loxnara crexa. Karo nuaue npeABHA, re 0,07 ot ap""""i"e.4rHfif,qa ce paBHtBa ua 0,03 M' craBa scao, se AUIxHITI{Te Ha ABere crenr ca gborB€Tno'22 n 23E.II|HIIIII.

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24

\!exJHHHara cTe'a or ceBep'aTa' Te:u 4 orceqxu cb.qrpxaT AocTarbrl'oro xoJr'llecrBo:{x$opMa''t' t{pe3 Kosro r*roxi Aa 6rAe noryqe' rlen'rr_flJra' - 3a oqepTaBa'ero Ea A]rxr{HETeFIa 3anaAHara' H3TOIIHATa H MexAI{HHara cTeHa He e FyxHO I{3MepBaHe, a cneABa caMo Aa cenF€xapar rrr*url npe3 Beqe $nxcupanz roqK[. Teopeuvnara nocranoBra HaubJr'o ce [oKpHBa cEa'-IHqHHTe AaHHH or oc'oBara si xrulara' Beqe i*o"rn*t", qe roxHara r{ ceBep'ara cre'a cea3!{epBar sborBer'o c 23 u 22 nw"va Mep'u eannaq'.--cr"p;;;;;iu"r"p"" eArm'Erra 3a-lL-IxHHa ce Ha'act B Abnrara oc sa rrtqata 12,38'mTIr- Karo-nr,raue npe.qBHA Ae6ermsnre na'lB€re xLcH cTeHr{' HaMI{paMe pa3crot'Hero MexAy JrHIrHuTe'

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ia3Mepu ca onpegeJrrrrg ,,ira oxo.. B 3aB'crrMocT oTnpaKTHqecKaTa HVXAa- _ Hanpr{Mep rxHpHEaTa rra BpaTHTe.flpearr Aa d:annn*'aer'r c na6aia'ero ,r.us4pa"""a'ero rra AbpBe'r{re crra6ore or Eocerrl',cxe'rrer Ha cre'r{Te no oqepraHtrx Beqe or crpor{Tenr nnax na R3CJIeABaEara xrula OT caatnRa, rqec€ orIHTaMe Aa Aa'*eM oIreHKa 3a TexHHTe fa:r'aepu t "aporr"rr Haqu' ,u ir*"oro [oJryqaBa'e.Iloco.rux^,re, qe B cre'rrre ca sroxe'u o6ur9 t44.tr6oan "*;e;-; ffir"rp, (xrrr.reperucpeAxo Ha o*orro I v or AorrHH, ura uo_Ae-6e" *pu")-o,ob_i,,r;. i;;;;6;.#Ti rrpn

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"" olofi##d;##ffi;#lfff *mru"ti;*n;:ic 4o/o' MoxeM '[a npueMeM cpeA'o HaManrBa'e B Ar{aMerapa Ha ninonrsa'HTe ArpBera c,,psMonapBo'aqar'ara I{M .qe6enuua c oxorro 0,02 .'17 .-B[;;*^,i";a na crra6o""r, i t*orro 3 ru (oroao0,70 u B 3eMrra, oxorro 2,20 i,ua ,",i"r" u 0,4o/o;;;;;;.KbcrBage rpr cccrxBane). flopaauxapaKTepa E KO''q@TBOTO Ha Hyxrr'f 3a cTpor{TencTBOTO AbpBeH Marepniu EeroBoTO AOonnane e;l#ff# :fffJ#tJl%or. ropcxn .'acuBtr' B rolrro Ar6os're arpnera r{Mar B'cox u, rrpaBn ufopcxocronu""::I1-t-"yKa pa3nonTi-9:tty-u'$opvarpr 3a BcHqKr{ xaparrepr{crr{x' rraascorocrb6JrelroTo gr6oro lrpnora' cnope4 srcou{Eaia Ea r'pBoro 3aeAno c KnoHHreiil?#*:t.,'ffi#:#Ti%if#ff : g:"*;;.'#ol'*ou - t), r+, ro, is, 20,22,24,26

Ijirli"'un'p'*p xBM pa3peA 20'r1'#":"iiil#::Xi?.rIHffif;g fruffl:tr#j(3a,Ieno c ropara) 0, l0 r.a snco.rHlrira Ha_AGpBoTo e MexAy I l,l n 12,3 w;rpt auar"rertp 0, l2 v _12,3-13,6 vl npf AlraMer"bp 0,14 r,a _ ll^GlG';. #ffii.,iulru .o"o.(bpBo, npx'alrrexauro KIMnlpBara rpyra (lnnaY' 0'10 u), Morar Aa c€ noJlrlar cpeArrr{ u.apeonx clpdrrlrr"rn Marep'ana cooura Arrrxnna 8 u. Axo srpaoro e oriropur" riyu fiu..ir,t. g,r?,);;";;;;,";*Boro Morar Aace H3norr3Bar xaro cpeAHS H lpe6nt{ Marep'aJr' ir6uro''r'o rrr ::^TBoJra r"ry. flpx Ar{aMerap 0,14 rrr(Alpao or rperara rpyua) rncorocrr6a"nri", g"o lrnix" nu-o*"

"p"olrx crpolrrerrrrr{ Marep'anu crlnx'lra 8 v' 3a Aa ycraEoBI{M xon*o AbpBeTa ca orceqe'E 3a Frx,ulre si crennoro orpaxAa'e,seo6xoAr*ro e 'ua np'Be'qeM c6eror'iJaaHHr{ 3a pa3p94 z0 sa Bucorocrr6o"*" Ar63e. Te caM'oro cxoAHr{ c AarrHHTe 3a caceArrl{Te ABa pa:}peA a ig i zz'iiaToBa MoxeM Aa cMrrraMe, rre AaHr{Te

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3a pa3peA 20 uaxcxuaano 6arsro xaparreprrlnpar peanHo rr3noJnBaxure B crpoexa AbpBera.I{u$prre a ra6rrrqa II uoxagsar lu:rMerapa Ha ArpBoro B xI{Bo sLcrosuue s Kpan Ha aceKu

rvembp oT Bf,corrr{EaTa, MepeH oT rroBbpxHocTTa Ha 3eMtTa. orpagenure c IIo-T5MHa JruFil4A cexTopl{cbAbpxar AaHrrrrre 3a coprnMeHTrr, rroAxoAslr{r 3a rBrIoJr3BaHe xaro crrl6one B creHETe Eaf,3cJreABanara Kbrqa. CreA xaro pa3noJraraMc c ra3n nnSopuaquf,, MoxeM Aa npeAJroxr{M(ra6n.III) e.uun orrrnMrureu Bapr{arr 3a urorroMuvno (uanno c orJreA Bnoxeuur rpyA) noJryqaBaueEa rryxHr{r A}pBerr MareprraJr (cpn. c ra6r. I).

npx npe.uoxerrara pasQaconra 3a noJlyqaBauero sa lM cru6a e neo6xoAnMo orcuqanerona 9l ,urps€Ta, raro ocraBar 23 srr.t6a c Ar{aMerap 0,08 t"t. TeoperurecKu e Br3Moxno 68 cru6a(47%) Aa 3aBrpuBar rope c pa3rJrorenr{e, Ho Ea npaKTlrxa eABa Jrr{ Bcnqru pa3xJrouennc ca 6wurncAxoAruln 3a ponxra Ha Hoceul rpeAoBllfl BeIIeq gerafia. Cxrosnn cMe Aa cMrraMe, ge c Eoceulopa3xJrolrenle B ropnuc xpaft e Bcerr{ Tpern cru6 or creHnara xorrcrpyKrlnr.

3a6nsauero Ir yKpeuBanero Ha ArpBennre cru6oBe 3a crerruTe Ha rbluara e eAlra or gafi-BaxrruTe cTponTeJrHrr oneparryfn, 3arrloTo oT 3ApaBrrHaTa rra Ta3Il Eoceqa KoHcTpyKrIlq 3aBncncnoco6nocrra Ha qflJrara cncreMa Aa roeMe BeprnKaJrer (or rexecrra Ha noxpuaa) n xopnsor{TaJreu(or nanopa na urrpa) Earr{cx. Axo ce cb4r no gao6nenara AoJrHa qacr Ea BcnrrKtr [poyrreHr AynxntroA grenrme, rBEo e, qe AoJIIurrr rpafi Ha rrocraBenure B tcx crar6oge e 6rur garlnen. Togao3HasaBa, qe caMr{Te re rpy.uno Morar Aa cJryxar xaTo opr.rye ga sAur6aBaHero rra re3u Aymn.OrryK cneABa rrpeArronoxenuero, HaMnpalqo onopa B alrilJrornn or rpaAnlonnara Kynrypa HaEac€reHf,ero s loroRgro.rna Enpona, rre 3a IIeJrra e a3noJBBaH cneqr{aJrno uo46pan Ao6pe rrlocrpencrrn6 or rBbpAo ArpBo - Ab6 uJru rBop. Ocrpnero My Beporrno e HarprBaHo Ea orbu, 3a Aa c€ocso6o.u{ oule eAHa qacr or cBap3anara E rurerxrrTe BoAa, a roBa [paBr{ AlbpBoro Aocra no-TBrpAo.flo cuqnr Haqun Moxe 6n ca HarprBauu none AoJIHnre qacrtr sa grbn6oBere 3a crenure: nprrTeMrreparypa naf,-r.rarro 70' ArpBoro ce ocso6oxlaBa or crropnre Ea ArpBopa3pyruaBarrlnrerr6nao, KoHTo n cJreA cB{urme Ha ropara ca ocranaJlu B rropnre }'{y. Aynr[Te 3a crDn6osere catroJryqenn qpe3 MHororparlro BArrraHe H cnycxane cbc cura Ha H3ocrponoro AlpBeno opr.ure. flpnBcxro ga6nsaue AapBoro e 3aBaprauo raxa, qe ocrpuero My ocraBa npx6rnrsrrenno B eAHa roqra, aroplInrT r"ry xpafi oflIrcBa Kpbr urn osan. Taxa BbB BJraxHaTa rJrHHa ce rroJrrraBa o6rpnaroxorycoBnAHa,{)mKa, ql{tro Ar.n6oqnna rr AlraMerbp c€ yBenuqaBar cneA BceKu rroBTapflIII ce ru{KLJr.B ronxperunr oryrafi A)mxr{re rope rrMar oBaJrBa Sopua, xaro MaJrxnrr r{M .qraMerrp cbBnaAa ctroco(ara Ha creuara. Tona cBr{AereJlcrBa, qe flocraBtnero n yxpeflBaHero rra Hoceq{Te crrr6oneqerenacoqeuo lr3ocraBar or BAra6ananero IIa AyIrKIrre - n:pa6orBanero Ha oBiurua aynxa qeni3a[a3Banero or cr6aprrre Ha [peAxoAnara Bce oqe rrpil:lHa Ayma. Axo AonycneM, qe cru6rr errocraBrr{ r{ yrperrBaH B AyrrKara BeARara c.ne4 xrpa6orBarrero r}, pa6orara no rgu6aBaHero Hac.treABallara 6n 6y.ta crrnrro 3arpyAxerra. 3arona AonycxaMe xaro nafi-seporren nbpBn erarr orcrpor{TeJrcrBoro Ha creHlrre o$opr"rrnero Ha Bcuqxnre 144 Aynxx, a xaro cJreABarrl era[ -yKpe[BaEero B Tfx Ha Hoceqara AbpBeHa xoHcrpyrqnt.

Ta6nxqa II,\uauempu na Moeomo dtpao a xu6o *cmotHue I Kpcu, Ha

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t4120t3l2rt2135n/ls

t2120+10/20ltlzr+ 9l2rl0/35+ +8112+81239lrs +

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Axau. nacrr:r6a Ko:rx.recrso coprnMerrrg

t2/20Il2rl0/s5e/368/12

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6peex ncntlepuat

26

(n cu)

Vxpennanero lra BceKI{ AbpBeE crrr6 3anoqBa Bepocrno c HeKoJIKoKparEo noB.qrraHe nxa6nsaHe lra AonEI{r rr.ry rpafi B AbHoro Ha AJmxara. IIo rann Eaqnu cru6rr or oQopur JrerJro,xo€To Ao roJuMa creneH ro [peA[a3Ba or BTopr{qno yrf,rane (noruane). ,{ynrara oKoJro AbpBoroce 3arrbJrBa c [prcT, roflTo ce rpar"r6ona Beporrr{o cbc cleq[:urEo rrp€AHa3HarreHo 3a rlenTa AtpBo.llopa.tgr roBa, qe rpau6onanero 3aloqBa roraBa, roraro Ajfirxara e Beqe HarrrJIHeIra Aorope ctrpacr, B ropHara ri qacr ce [onrlaBa c[Jrlro ynntrHeEa ,,3anyuraurKa", a B Aonnara 3aIrbJrHHTeJrf,TocraBa cra6o npnTlnxarr. Axo npEeMeM npe.4loxeHoro no-rope Aonycxarre, Bcexu rperrr crrn6rpr6na Aa HMa pa3xnoneHne, Koero e Heo6xoAlruo Aa ce nocraBf, B rurocrocr, ncp[errAr{xyJrrpna naNOCOKATA EA CLOTBCTHATA CTCHA.

HeAeanva gLcraBna qacr or noce[rara roncrpyKrurr Ha cregr{Te e rpeAoBE T BeHerI -xopn3onriurna ArpBeHa paMxa Brpxy HocerrluTe cru6oae, Notro, pasnpe4enxfiKrr Baprr{KaJrrrxTe rrxopn3oHTaJrHHTe cnJrn Ha Hartrcx, ocbulelcrBrBa Bpt3Kara MexAy crerlr{Te R noKplrBa. HegasRcnMooT roJreMHTe AbJIXIIITH Ha CTeHriTe CMqTaMe, qe rpeAoBntT BeHeq e gbcTaBen oT II€Jrr{ cTBoJroE€ -ABa AlJrrE x 3 no-rucn. Karo Bl3MoxeH Bapr{aHT MoxeM Aa npeAroxnM n3non3Barrero Rasncoxocm6lenn A16orr{ A}pBera or Brco{unelr pa3peA 26. flpn AlraMerrp Ha rpbAna Brrcoqr{Ha BcypoB BUA oxono 0,25 u, or 5 4tprera Morar Aa ce fioJryqar creAusre o6eaernr n AoB€Aerrrr AoBa3AyIuHo cyxo cbcrorrrne MacHBrrH crpor{TeJrrr[ Marepl{ru[: 2 rpept c AbJrxr{Ha 12,5 u uI[iaMerpn B ABara rpar 0,20 x 0,14 u; 3 rpe,ry c,4hnxilHa 9,30-9,70 M lr AxaMerprr B ABara Kpafl0,20 a 0,16 ual. flocramnero r{ 3axpe[Barrero r{M e cBbp3auo Bepof,Tno c rtpeABapnrernarroAroroBxa na cuo6rn. Fpe.anre HHaqe 6nxa uorrm Aa neruar caMo Brpxy pa3xnolreurrre B ropnntrpafi crrn6oBe Ha crerrHara KoncrpyKuss. B nafi-.qo6pnr cnyrafi qe HaMepsr onopa f, Blpxyroprlrro Kpalrqa Ha ocraHiurnre cru6oBe, Karo Morar Aa 6rAar cpaBrrgTeJrrro 3ApaBo npnBbp3aHnxrM Trx c eracruqHa Bp}3Ka (c nnxo Hnu Bbxe or KarrI{HoBn xnoun). Tosa o:HaqaBa, {e rpeAoBrrrrBeHeII qe pa3npeAeJlt paBHoMepHo BepT[KiLrrEf,Te cuJrn Ha HaTncN, HO xOpH3OHTaJrsItTe rqe Cpe[IaTornopa rnaBuo sa cru6ossre c pa3rJronelfite rope, r. e. Ha l/3 or r.ex. flpu cr{Jres Hanop Ha BflTtpaTOBa MO)(e Aa AOBeAe AO pa3nyrBaHe Ha rJmHeEaTa CTerilra Ma3rrJrxa nopaA[ oTKnorItBaHe ltagTarr{rlHoro noJloxeHl{e Ha qacr or noAnopxre, a Aopu n Ao no-cepHo3rlr{ nocne.q{qx 3a wJlaTaxoxcrpyxTuBna cncreMa Ha nocrpofixara. 3arona [peArlonaraMe, qe cru6osere 6es pasuoHenuecir cBtp3alil c rpeAoBnn BeHerI qpe3 TBbpAa cuo6xa or rr{na ,,urun-4Jra6". Haft-repocrEo ropHurrrpafi ua resH cran6oBe e noAocrp€E B rrrrn oqe upegrr yKpenBauero RM B Ayrxure, a 4la6orere(neporrno HenpeBnrrlaBau$ uo Au6oqxna l/3 or Ar{aMertpa Ha rpeAara) ca naupaBerrr{ cJreArr3MepBane I{ o3naqaBalre Ha pa3crornr{rra Mexry na6nrnre se.re crur6ose. Karo HMaMe npeABr{,q,rle pa3xroueHr{flTa Ira ocTaxaJrnre cr, r6oBe EeBurrarrf ca Aocrarbsno yAo6'ril 3a Jrtranero B Trx HaAbpBo cbc cpaBHnreJIEo roJrtMa 4e6elnua, onnpafiru ce Ea eruorpa$cxn napaJreJrr{, [peA[oJraraMeAonuIIrI{TeJrna o6pa6orxa xaxro Ha pa3xnoneurrflTa, Taxa n Ha rpeAara. Tpern suA cuo6xaBeporrxo e R3uoJBBan 3a cBlp3BaHe Ha flerre BeHerrIM rp€Au B paMxa. Havepexnre B xarqaraxepaMI{yH}I MaxoBrrq}r or nep$oparuogen crarr AaBar ocnoBarrue ,qa nprreMeM, rre crao6rnre gbrJrHTe Ha rpeAoBrrr BeHerI, a cbrr{o n cuo6xnre Ha nexarqara Bbpxy Bbrpeurrara crega rpeAa cIIBere AtJrrI{ rperor Ha KoHcrpyKrlrrflTa ca ocLqecrBeHu qpe3 rn6au. Tosa e Bb3MoxHo qpe33acnqaHero na Aonl{parrurre ce qacru (uaupruep 4aofino HaM:rJrflBaHe na 4e6ear{Hr{Te B MaJrxr{xpafiHu yvacmqu), n@TaBtlrero rrM eArra Brpxy Apyra r npo6nrarrero rra AynKa c Eyxrruf,(cpannnrelno uanrx) AnaMerap. Tn6lara ce xepa6orBa or ao6pe n3qmreno (xafi-ualro goBb3AyIrrHo cyxo clcrornne).urpro c ,uraMerbp, paBen Ha orBopa. Cle,q na6nBanero ri rr noeuaBJrara or Ba3Ayxa, pa3lrrupflBa eE v [paBn cuo6rara [BKrrorrHTeJrEo 3ApaBa lra xopn3onraJrerrIrarI{cK. En uorao Aa ce [peAnoJroxf,, qe Ha HsKou Bt3JroBr{ Mecra crao6rxre (ueraancnvo orTexHHr nn4) ca AonlnHurenHo yKperrBarru c eracruuua nplsraa2. flpanouepuo e Aa cMsraMe, ge

Ae6ennre xparuIa Ha AbnrI{Te A}pBera B rpeAoBns Berreq ca noJroxenr{ KbM lor, Ho o6ccseHue noTO3f, BGnpOC qe np€AlroxHM no-HaAoJry.

Hrrpaxgauero Ha creuure Ha Krrrlara [poAbJrxaBa c rcnruraHero Ea nJrer oxonoBeprHraJIHI{re cTbroose H 3aMa3BaHero My c rJnrHeE pa3TBop (o6p. l3). 3a paslnxa or nbpBr{teran, Koraro BrrnMalrlero Ea crponreJrf, e HacoqeHo xtM ocmyptBaHe rra Hoceqara cnoco6socr nacreEara, np€3 BTopI{c e Heo6xo.ryrMo l$rpaxAaxero i rero nperpa,qa Me)rqy B6rrrrrHr{Te (npe.Urrrnoxruruanrqsx) ycJroBrrf, r{ xnBora B xlrrlara. Or rosa cJreABa, rre creHara rpn6ra Aa rrp[TexaBapeAnqa cloficrra, MexAy rol{To nafi-saxnn ca: 3ApaB[Ira cpeufy xoprcoHTaJreE Rarr{cx (rr1ap) rcpeqy Apyr[ npilpoAlrlr tBJreIrHfl (nanpnr'aep 4rxg), a cBulo 11 Aocrartqga creneg nasbnporr{BJrenue cpeu{y H3paBFFBaIre Ha reM[eparypnrrre pa3JrnKrr or ABere * crpa614(roruonsoraru{orrgu caoficrna). flo,uro.qcqoro cLqeraune MexAy lbpBoro tr r:ruHara rrp[TexaBa Bneo6xorxrrara creneH c[oMerrarrTe raqocrBa.

Karro Beqe nocognxMe, EaMepexrrre ocralrrx or xopfi3olrraJrnaTe rrparlKlt Ha rurera ca orJlecra. .{e6ennnara f,M e oxoJlo 0,02 r'r. Axo ce cb.ry uo EaMeperrnre B Ma3r{Jrrara ocranxu, a gbrrlo ruo lrrRoroopoftrurre ornerlararln, IIpbqKfiTe ca g3noJr3BaEr{ cneA o6ersaRero rla Kopara nrvr. 3a

27

O6p, 13, Jleeao tu aocet4 cmot6 I usmovnotna cnteva c orueuornulu omnPbyxu Ha n.Etno

O6p. 14. tDpaexexn om cmeHua u&rurt<a c omrvuct?tnqu xa dtpaeuonaKOHCrnpyRvus

28

pa3JrHKa oT BepTsxaJrrrHre CTbJI6OBe 3anJIHTaseTO Ea JIeCxOBtrTe npbqxl{ CTaBa OUIe B CypOBO

sbcrorHue, cKopo creA orcnqanero rM. HaflpaBelrr{sr IrJIer e pexaB (o6p. 14) - pa3crocnrreroMex,{y orAeJrrrr{Te peAoBe or rlptqxn e cpe.qro 0,0H,06 M, T. e. rro BncoqnHara Ha greHara ca3arurereHn 35--40 pe4a. flpeur{HaBauero Ha rtp]qKure no Btlrrrlnara Ir Bbrpelulrara crpana IraBc€xH crbJr6 ce pe4yra. flpu axaJrn3 Ha HaqHHa Ha [3IUIuraHe craBa flcHo, qe Hafi-saxnara (arosro6qo HMa Apyra) [pHrrHHa sa gao6reHtrTe brJrn Ha Kblqara e, qe roBa ocrrypffBa He[pexbcHarocrEa rurera. flpaarrr trul 6n 3arpyAnnn rBbpAe Mnoro l{3nJrurarrero u 6n EaMaJrrilI 3ApaBHEara Ha

creHHara Ma3nJrKa Ha roBa Mrcro. B rouxperH[fl cnyqafi ruerrr Ra BIHIITnI{Te crelrn e

Eenp€rccHar, Karo 3arroqBa or eAHara crpana Ha Bparara I{ 3aB6pIrIBa Ha Apyrara * crpaua. Ttfixaro orBoptr 3a Bpara eABa nil npeBr{rlaB:IJr Bncoqltna or 1,60 M, B pa3crotx}Iero MexAy ropuara r}crpaga 11 rpeAoBnc BeHerr rrnertT BepoflTHo cLqo He npextcBa. Axo ce lrMar rrpeABEA HtKoHaHaJrorHH B Tpa.4{TIHOHHaTa KyJrrypa, gagr oT npaql(HTe Ea rrJrera BepocrHo ca oral{aTH oKoJro.lBara orpaHuqaBauu orBopa I{a Bparara cru6a rr orlroBo ca 3alt.flerenu B [Jlera. Taxa ce

rroBurrraBa 3ApaBnrrara ua creHara s ra6HreH rryHKT ga neftnara Ma3uJIxa. flo crqnr HasIrH Moxe5H e HanpaBeH nrelr,r H or(oJro orBopa BbB Bbrperulrara creHa. Huaue ocnoBarlue Aanpe,uo.naraMe, qe B cpeAaTa Ha u3ToqHaTa cTeHa ce HaMLIpaJI npo3opeqeH oTBop - cp€qy McgToToFa Beprr{KirJrxnfl TbKaqeH craH. PascroRH[ero MexAy 2 cr,cr'4trn AaoirKu crrn6one raM e no 0,28 r'r, aMexgy caMr{Te oKoJro 0,20 rra. Cxronnn cMe Aa AonycneM lraJrxql{ero lra ABa orBopa crrJnpuua no 0,28 M H Bucoql{Ha, no-rortMa or uupnnara.

flocleAxsrr eran or l{3rpaxAaHero Ha srelrrre e 3aMa3BaHero IIa HanpaBeHara Beqe.(}pBelraxogcrpyKrlnr c rJrf,Herr pa3TBop. Cr,qefi-rx no 3ana3elrure ocraHxr{ or cregHa Ma3I{JII(a,

s:uoriBasara xa$xua rJrHHa e cMeceua cbc cnruo Hapt3ana cJIaMa (neporruo urna) u roBex,4l{excKpeMerrru. Ctornorueunero MexAy rpnTe cbcraBKu He Moxe Aa 6r.qe onpeAeJleno c rogllocr, Ho

cpannenxero c o6parrry or Ma3HJrKx, npfirraAllexaulu na nocrpoilxrl or rpaArrl$olrnara xylrypaa3,Etr rapa Aa npEeMeM, rre paHEoHeoJrETr{Hrr Maficrop I{3rIon3Ba eI{Ha pa3npocrparrena Ao lrarrm.Wpeqenia. Tn npenoprqBa [oryqaBaHero Ha cMec or 3 o6ervrsu rlacrl{ ,,Ma3Ha" uI{Ha, eAna o6eunacacr ao6pe npurrnrana nJrrBa H e,qxa o6er'rra qacr npecnfl roBex,qn rcnpaxueur{xaa. ,(o6poropa3M@BaHe Ha CMeCTa C .qlpBerrn JronaTE I{JTII C XpaKa e llpeAn_ocTaBra 3a 3ApaBIrIraTa Ha

Ma3gJrxara. Ernorpa$cKr{Te Aaurrr{ cBxAerencrBar, qe [apBo e o6r"rasana eAlrara crpana Ha

rureregara KoHcrpyKrIHr, a cJreA (r'aaxap n ua6o) 3agbxBane Ea rJrl{Hara - s Apyrara. flprurnara3a Ta3n nocJreAoBaTeJrHocT ce xpHe B ToBa, qe npn npHTIICXaHeTO Ha rJII{HeIIUt pa3TBOP KrlM [JIeTacacr or rrero tr3Jrr{3a or Apyrara crpaxa. Tegu rnunenl{ ,,E3pacrblgr", KoI{To ca perncrpupautr no

Qparueurrre or creHHTe Ha fl3cJreABaHara xbula, noAnoMarar 3aAlpxaHero Ha Ma3I{JrKara sbpxy3aAgara noBbpxHocr rra [nerenara Korrcrpyxq[c. O6]ra3Balrero ce I{3BbpIuBa o6nxnoseEo or AonyHa rope, Ha rrupoKr{ florcE nO rlrJraTa AbJrxr.IHa Ha CTeHr{Te. FJlnnenHcr pa3TBop Ce EaHact C pbxa B

geAe6elu ruracroBe, AoKaro Ma3l{nKara [onyqn xenallara Ae6emga. Ha xcxo[ Mecra B 3ala3enuresagrrr or creHure Ha Kburara ca pa3rpanr{rreHn ABa ruu 3 nlacra Ma3rrJrxa, Halrecelra [pe3 E3BecreHHETepBan or BpeMe, neo6xo,4uu 3a qacruqHoro 3acbxBane Ha npeAxoAHnfl nJlacr. Marnnrara sacreggre Aocrgra fi BeporrHo o6xsaura qacr or rpeAoBufl BeHeII, 3aBbpuBalrl crenlraraxoscrpyKrllr. Btrpeurxara crpar{a Ha orBopa 3a Bpara na Kbulara e o6uagana c pa3Jruqen nocbcraB rJrr{rren pa3TBop, c rrpnMec or nrcbK u roBexAI{ eKcKpeMeI{TH. Kpamqara na o6ua3xarao6xsarqar BGHrrrHr{s u irrpeurrut ps6 Ea orBopa. flostpxuocrra Ira ra3x Ma3I{JrKa e MHoro Ao6pe3arnaAerra 3a pa3nHKa or noBapxHocrra Ha creHHTe, IIo KoHTo JII{qar rlpacrllre na o6Magsauurc rficTpouTen.

NOA HA KbUIAT.A

floAosara xoucrpyxqnr Ha Ktulara or Cr^arulaLa e cnoxHo xnIPo- H Tolrnon3oJrarFoulrocaoplxegr{e. Herororo H3rpax,qaHe norBbpxAaBa HexoJrxoxparHo Ha[paBenara xoncraraqtrfl, qe

crpol{TeJrtr lra Ktulara e qoBeK c 6orar orrnT, c Muoro tto3naHHt H yMeHut B crponTeJlxoro AeJro.

IIpu rpofrBaHe rra ocranKrr or caMopa3pyruHnu ce, (xeropenu) upauctopnrlecrtr xIrJIIrIqaMHoro prlxo ce ycraHoBrBar cneAr{ or floga o6nrnoneso or rlJracra x]JITo-3eJIeHaxnApou3onaqrrouna rJrr{Ha Hln (unoro pflAxo) or H3TITHJI rpeAopeA. Hsropelure rrplr noxap xrons{

trpeAJrarar 3rraqrlTeJruo noBeqe Bb3MoxHocrll, Eo 3a cbx€uleul,Ie n uy6mxalluuTe JrrrncBar

uoqpo6uocru, npoQnlH. Toaa, or eAHa crpana, 3arpyArrflBa Haluero H3cneABaHe, a, or Apyra - Hrr

3aAbJrXaBa Aa g3JI9116HM BCHqKII HanpaBeEE ga6noAegst II B13CTaIIOBKH.

Apxeoaorxqecxoro npoyqBane ycraHoBflBa, qe [oAoBara xoncrpYrq[c HocI{ cJre,qrre Ha

pa3noBpeMenna crpoxtreJrna H xnrrrenno-6urosa .qefinocr. B rorsl\,Ioro IIoMeIIIeHEe noAlr c€

clc:rou or ,IIBa oclroBrrrr nJracra: AoJreH - c rrocrotHna B pa3JII{tIHHTe qacrl{ Ae6eluna oKoJro 0,10 vo

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H rop€H -_c Bap[paula or 0, 12 r"r r nepuQepuara Ao 0,26 v B 3ouara oKono rlegTpuurnara oc Harburara Ae6elnna. B r"ralroro noMerrleHxe e HaJrHrIe caMo AonHuflT rrJragr c nocoseg:ara ae6elrsa..{aara nnacra or perlrcrpvpamufl. npn pa3xorxure Br{,q Ha noAa ca pa3HoBpeMeHHu: AoJrHHrr eE3rpaAeH xaro 3aBspuesa noAoBa KoHcrpyKr[rr IIpH crporrrencrBoro Ha Kbrqara, a ropEr{rr BroJrrMoro noMerrleHHe e pe3yJrrar Ha nepHoAflrrHo 3aMa3Bane (o6p. l5).

Ilrpnonaralgnrr rroA Ha xbrIlara ce cbcror{ or ABa cJror rnu,Ha H AtpBen rpeAopeA MexAyrcx. Hafi-orAoJry B, ABere rtoMerqerrgr lexn clofi or go6pe rpau6onana i"rrro-."rrena nruna cAe6erHHa oxono 0,03 u. Toft rpeMnlraBa_rrpe3 oTBopa Ha BbrrrrrHara Bpara r{ yqacrBa BH3rpaxAaHero Ha npe.qBxoAHara nJroIrIaAKa. Ocrarrqr or nexautr{c Bbpxy xbJrro-3eJrerrara rJIr{HaAspBeH rpe4opeA ca Hanuqe B oBlrJreHo gbcrocHHe caMo B orAenHr{ rIeHTpaJrHH qaCT[ HaxnJrnrrlero. HancsxrAe o6aqe 6laro4apenue na Ao6pe H3negeHnr ropeH cnofi ralrna Jrnqar MnorotcHo orneqarbllHTe or AtpB-eHara (oHcrpyKqnr. Tr c€ cbcrou npeAlrMno or noJroxeHu 6rngo eAsoAo Apyro (pa:crorHne 0,02--{,05 u) arpxy cJrofl xbnro-3eJreua rJrHHa pa3ueneEr{ grpnera (c[llocxara crpaHa xaAoly) c .qla_Mer]p 0,0G-{,09 trl, a cbulo x or qeall (ecrecrneno'rptrnl.ryAlpBera c AuaMerlp oKono 0,05 u. B uanrroro noMeIIIeHr{e ca HapeAeHn'3 uorca c ultprrga2,8G-3M' Bc€KH or xouro e cbcraBeH or 9-10 rpeAu c nocoKa H3roK-3anaa (oOp. i6-ti--;roncMoro uoMeuleHHe ca roJloxeHrr 4 noxea,or rpeArr c nocoxa ceBep-rcr (o6p. i8), xaro BtBBcsKa rpyna uMa IIo oKoJro 70 4rarera c. npn6rurnreJrHo eArrarBa AaJrxHHa, xoflTo e 2,ti5-1,gA u.fpeaopeatr e HanpaBeH or neo6e-nenu (axo ce cbAfi no [oBrpxHocrra Ea orneqararrnre) 4i6orn(cuopea excneprl{3ara Ea 3ana3elrlTe oBrrJrenr{ ocranxn) ArpBera. Tpenrrr r"t;';;;-;;rbpBoHaqilnHnff noA e or 4o6pe rpau6oran uIrIHeE pa3TBop crc cilTHu pacrureJrrrn [pI{MecI{, aBeposruo r{ c npnMec Ha nflcbK; Bb3MoxHo e o6aqe Hapoquo Aa e nr6paga ecrecrsego onecbqegarJrr{Ea. 3a parnura or AonHuJr ro3H rJIHHen croft e n3rreqeH oT orbrr [pr{ TeMneparypa (rarronoKa3Bar I{Hcrpyl!{eHTzIJII{Hre H HeHHcrpyMeHT:urHnre rpoyqBaHEc) lo 500'C4s. I{neTbr My e cpa3rHrIH[ orreHtqH Ha qepBeHnt, Ho KbM nepnQepnrra nocrenenHo [peMHHaBa B rrepBerro-ra$"" u

o6p. 16. Vacm om npofiuir u3moK - sanad na nodoaama KoHcmpyKqun s 4eHmpailfima uacm Ha eorrnilomo nonet4euue (omceeep )

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ra0rB. Marcnuarrsara ge6elnRa Ea ro3n cnofi Aocrrr a 0,07 M (MexA/ rp€AETe), a MurrtrMiursara- 0'03 u (naa no'ge6eaxre AbpBera). B xpaxqara Ha noMerqe.'ilrrarn'Eara e oo*rasaua rroJrerarortM creHuTe lra rtulaTa. oco6eno nrruaie.uno n uo-Ae6e.no ca o6r,rar"*ii*. Ea rroMerqegrrrra.Foprara [oBtpxEocr na [bpBonaqaJrrrn.fl noA e cbc cna6u HepaBgggTn (ocranenlr BeporrHo orrpau6oeanero). Ha Mecra no Hec JrI{rIar raMFR lorno---repmr x.rnr repnn) nerna. crugsr rope'umlreH clofi npeurnaBa npe3 orBopa 3a Bblrruna Bpara ui xunsrqero u 3aeAgo c [nacra xbJrro-3eJIeEa rJIuIIa oQopur [peA Ir€ro npn6;rasnreluo npauorrbJrrra ao6pe tp;,ft;"ra rJrorrlaAxa cpa3Mepr{ 0,80 rr,r (cenep-rcr) na -1,40 v (nsror_1ianur) n le6einrn". o*irro 0,05 u. Tr eEecRMerpRqEo pa3noJloxeHa cnpf,Mo BxoAa - r{3MecreHa e xtM 3a[aA 1or*raeio flBHo e craBaJr r{AocTtrrbr rrv xnrnnrlero).

rrpn npogrurxaBaHe Ha npoyqBa'ero noA ol,"ca*rlr noAon ruracr B roJrf,Moro rroMerrle'He caycraaoBelrn cne,u{ or A}pBeHa HOCerqa Korrcrpyxr{Hfl c rruJroTlr. eerucrpufu* .u 22 \y;K; ;;f,3rHHrrn AbpBeIIE IruIorI{' na6xra a ra0rn -rnEEeE rrnacr ua arn6oiril"-ii,OZ-+,Sj', no'troBbpxHocrra Ha npnrorBeHut 3a crpo€xa^1eP€H-. Aonmrer nv rpafi Aocrnra rrJracra or xbJrrarJrilHa' fopxnrr ,4[aMerlp xa rynxnre e 0,14--{,io

^r. .i"rnpn oT AynrHTe, EaMupautrr ." rrapa3InqHtr M@Ta' ca llpopt3alrE npl( apxeolorrqccKoTo [poyqBa_Irc B ILsnaTa

"*r A""g-o""]u ioOp19, 20). Vcra*ossra c€, qe Aorry A'aMerapbr nM e c ororb 0,01 ;;;;;;; or*o,,*oro rope.,{onnnrr xpafi xa Aynxlrre e sao6res Il 3arrbJruen c nrKomo meml poHrRBa qepno-xaQxna Maca,ograEilra or IErHr{BaHero Ha AbpBoro. Koncrpyxqxtra c nrrJrorr{Te e pa3Br{Ta r6KrroqgTeJlrro noAE3Toqgara [oJroBr{Ha Ha roJrrMoro [oMerqenne _ ycTanogenrrre rau fg .qyn*" c€ pa3npeAersr g 6upn6lrrnreJl'o nepueHrnl(yJrtp'rr Ea A'"Jlrarl oc Ha Kbula ra perr,BceKn or ro'To BKJrK)qBa or AsaAo 4 us'nora' PeAorere ca rpynnpasu s 3 4rofixu, xaro nafi-6runKo pa3ronoxegs eAnrr Ao Apyr caTe3r{ or cPelurara Asoftxa. PascrocHnero MexAy rpaftnnrc Aynry Ea Bcexr.n or p€AoBere e l,g0-3,30u. Ilpn6nrcr{TeJrrro ro AtJrrara oc Ha raussa'a.uait;;;;;;"ucaEaMep€HE"'|"I"^?"[:X";ll3ffiilH'##:ffi ffi .";"r#HAlnrara oc' Pagcror'I{ero Mexry rt* e oxold 2,40 u. nrp*y peaoBere or rr'JroTr{ ca uonoxerur (crur@Kara crpaHa Ha,qoJry) rpeAn or pa3rlenexr{ r{a ABe AbpBera c AEaMeTbp 0,lG_{,12 u n c

32

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\{axcHMaJrHa AbJrxhrra oKoJIo 5 v. Or rtx ca 3arra3eHr{ cJIeAr{Te I{M, ror{To ce orrpoflBar KaroraQrau JIeIrrH ua Qona Ha xrnro-3eJreuufl rnr{Hen cnofi. B oB}rJreno sbcrosHrre e 3ana3eHo BioirtMara cR qacr cauo uafi-rcxHoro noArpeAopeAHo A6pBo. flpx acuvxr cryqan, Kor.rro casa6aroAasaul{, ropnaTa crpaua Ha rpe,e{Te npu6mr:urenuo c€ H3paBHrBa c ropuara noBbpxgocr HacJog or xbJITo-3eJIeHa rJIHHa. Btpxy DccKa or AsofixHTe rpeAr{ noA r{3ToqHaTa noJroBHrra HaroircMoro noMeuleEHe Ha Kbulara ce cpeqar H [oqrr{ ce Aofiupar ceBepHara r{ roxHara crpaHa na-lBa cbc€Auu [occa or yc[opeAHo Jrexa[u{ AbpBera. .{eere xpafixu crpanrr Ha ceBepHnr rr rcxggsilorc He ca yKpeneHr{ c rrHJrorH H cborBerHo He Jrexar B}pxy EanpeqHr.r rpeAH.

flrpnonararurara noAoBa xoncrpy(qur e npopmana or sf,KoJrxo orBopa, safi-roreugTe orroxro ca B IIeHTpiuHara qacr Ha rorcMoro [oMerrleHue (o6p. 2l). Craaa AyMa npeAn sc[qro ga 3uxnIrHApHrIHH AytIKH, HaMnpauPI ce IIo B3pxoBere Ha ero6paxaervr npx6nufHTerHo paBHocrpaHerrrpHlfbJlltl, o6'rpuar c Bbpxa KbM Ior. ,{u6ounnara I{M or rroBbpxnocrra rra crpor{TeJrHr{r repeHe 0,60--0,65 r'l (or rocJreAnoro HHBo lra noAa - 0,95-1,00 M), a A&auerapaT HM e 0,40-0,M u.le3H AyIKH Ca OCTaBeHH OT HOCeIIII{ [OKpHBHaTa XOHCTpyIq[s AbpBeHII KoJroHn, [ocTaBeHH TaMoqe npeAl{ H3rpaxAalrero Ha nbpBoHaqarHur IIoA - AbpBerara or rp€AopeAa Ho AocTr{rar Ao rf;x,BlrpelrrHara crpaHa Ha orBopl{Te B llbpBoHaqalrl',fifl. IIoA e uraAra, a IIo Al{aMertp oTBop[Te cae.rHaKBI{ c npoAbJIxaBaIrrHTe HaAoJry Aynr([. Tpnre AyrrKH ca naJrHr{ c qepeg, cpaBr{HTeJrHo MeK[I!_J'I_HHTeJI, IlpHfv'eceH B ropHara cE qacT c MturKI{ B6rneHr.r. PascroxgurTa MexAy AynI(HTe ca0.5H,65 t"r. Cavo c€Bepou3ToqHara Ay[Ka next,l Ha AbJrraTa oc Ha xbrrlara, a gpyrnie 2 ca aa3arlaA or He.s. HenocpeAcrBeHo Ao Ay[Karl or c€Bepo3arraAHara KoJroHa ce HaMHpa Apyr orBop BrbpBoHaqiurHr{f noA. .{nauertprr My e 0,36 u. flo4 nnooro Ha AoJrnara cTpaga Ha rroAa cJreABalpu6lxsNreJlno IIHJIHHApHTTHa AyrrKa c l[raMerbp or(oJro 0,40 u n Arn6oqxHa oroJro 0,35 rra.

Cretrlrre i ca o6r"ra:aHlr c rJrHHeH, cra6o u3neqeH crofi c 4e6elNna oKoJro 0,01 rrl. Vcrnero xarMara, [p€AcraBeHo or go6pe 3aMa3aHara BtrperuHa crpaHa Ha orBopa B nbpBoHaqaJlEHfl IIoA, HMaBHcoquHa oKoJIo 0,10 r'r. C roua Au6oqunara Ha cboprxeuuero Aocrura 0,45 r',r. flpn orxpuBaHeroro ce oKa3a rlpa3Ho. flo nper're Ha crpoexa Ha K]IrIara B []pBouaqiurHr,rfl noA Ha ror.f,MoronoMeIrIeHHe ca HarIpaBeHH olqe 6 orropa c Al{aMer"bp oKoJro 0,15 rr,r. flrpnNre 4 or rsx ca cpeqyBparara. PauolxeHl{ ca B e.qua ycnopeAHa Ha }oxHara creHa lrLrntrfl., Ha oroJro 2,45 u or

"ec.fpyuupaxu ca s 2 cHMerpHqHLr cnptMo AbJrrara oc Ha Kbrrlara 4rofiru, pa3crosHr{ero MexAy Kor{Toe oKoJro 0,50 u. Ocrauamre 2 nytxln ca ctuo cnMerprqno pa3nonoxeur{ or ABere srpanr{ Ha.llJlrara oc, Jrexar Ha eAI{a IrI'{rIHfl., ycnop€Ana Ha MexA}rHHaTa CTeHa U OTCTOflITII OT Het Ha OKOJIO2,50 u. Pa:Ae-rcr pa3crocHnero MexAy u3Toquara r{ 3auaAHara creHa Ha K}ulara npu6rnrureanoxa 3 parna qacrfi. Tern ornopl{ ca ocraBeHr.r or AapBeHn noArropHn crrlt6ose - orlrer1arbrlr4Te r{M.-IHqar Ao6pe Ha HcKoH Mecra rlo BarperrrHara rroBGpxnocr Ha AynK[Te, Ho caMo B ropHr.rq fiJracr HanoAa - [Jlacra lia BTopHtIHHTe 3aMa3Banns.. VIv,eHHo rro Ar{aMer"bpa rrpn Ta3H Au6oquna ceonpeAers ge6elnuara Ha noAnopnre. Ilo-naqoJry, B nrpBonaqaurHur noA, AyrrxuTe ca no-ru11pors{(0,20-4,4: u) u nuar cr{JrHo HaqyneHa BbrperxHa noBbpxrrocr, floJryrreua npu sa6unaHerb aacTr,r6a. fiu6ovuuara rra AyrKr{Te B crepHJrHara ocnoBa e 0,65-{,70 rra.

fopnnrr [Jracr Ha rloAoBara Koncrpyxr-u{c, perflcrpupaH B rorcMoTo rroMeuleHr{e, HMa.re6errxa or 0,12 r..l n nepuQepntra lo 0,26 M B 3ogara oxono AbJrrara oc Ha nocrpoftxara.Harpynran e npoAbnxxTeruo BpeMe (raxo npes rleJrrrr neplroA or cbrrlecrByBauero ua xrqara) u cegbcrotr or xafi-r*,ralro 50 TIITKI{ cJror rnnneull 3aMa3KI{, Nor{To ao6pe Jrurrar KaKTo Bvnoro6poftnnre npoQxJrg, HanpaBeHH npn apxeororrqecxoro npoyrrBaHe, Taxa u no BbrperrrgaracrpaHa Ha orBopa Ha orucaHara sMa (o6p.22). B uocreAsxr cayuafi Bbrperxnara rroBlpxgocr eI{3n_eqeHa rIpH yHI{IqOxItre-JIHHt IIOxCap AO qepBeHo H cJroeBere ce pa3rpaHrrqaBar MHoro scEo.{e6enunara HM e-cpeAno 0,005 r'r. B no-ae6elnre Mecra AoJrrrara rroJroBr{Ha Ha onr{cBarruf, roAoBn,'IacT e ceeuoxaQflBa, a ropl{ara e cxBo-rlepHa. B no-rtnxnre Mecra rro{Tx B rlrnara cn ae6enrnaroplruflT ulacr e cHBo-qep€n. B ropnnfl nJlacr Ha rroAa ca rraMep€Hn unoro6poftnn SparueHTI{ orrepaMurlHlr sbAoBe, 3aMa3anil MexAy cJloeBere. Perncrpupannre QparueHrg ca oiono ?J3 oro6qns 6pofi na ycrarroBeuara B xruruilIero KepaM[(a.

Brpry ocraHKrrre Ira pa3pyuleHoro or rroxapa [3cneABar{o xrrnnrrle e nocrpoego Apyr.o, 11o-MaJrKo (o6J. 2). ocnonnre Ea HeroBr{re creHlr qacrHr{Ho 3acsrar noAoBara KoHcrp)rKqrrs Ha.lonHoro. Crasa AyMa 3a crpolrreJlnara rpaHruec Ha ceBepHara rr qacr or 3anaAnara greHa, a carqon 3a AynKlrre or oKoJro 65 grpaenx ctrl6a. Te npeunuaBar npe3 MaJrxoro [oMerqegr{e, trp€33a[aAHara I{ IoxHara rlacr Ha rorsMoro noMeIrIeHrIe. Haft-cepxo3nr{ Hapyilennfl HaHacc rpaHureflTaB c€BepHara TIoJIoBI{Ha Ha rloAa. Hafi-xrcxx no BpeMe ca yHHrrIoxaBarUHTe oKoJro 3,5 xn. v or no4a2 xolexropxx rMr{ B ceBepo3alaAnara [oJroBrrHa Ha xrllruulero. Onncaur{Te pa3pyurrrreJrnilsrg.{eficrsl{t Blpxy ocrallxl{Te or npoyqBagara rtula no ctulecrBo He HaMaJrflBar Bb3Moxgocrra3a Bb3CTaHOBSBaHe Ha CTpoETeJrHHff [poqec fipE H3rpaxAaHeTO Ha noAoBaTa roHcTpyxrlH{.

Karro noxa3Ba apxeororurlecroro npoyqBaHe, u3rpax4aHero Ha noAoBara Kor{crpyKrlr{fl3aAsnXETeJrHO Ce [peAxoxAa oT [ocTaBflHeTO Ha Tpr{Te HOCeUST AbpBeril{ xoJroHE B UenTpaurraTa

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O6p. 19. Pazpez ru dynxa om nurtom nod pzougmovmna.racm Ho nada ceontilomo norcqeup ,t4 Kul'larnrl

qacr Ha nocrpof,raTa, a cbrqo E or f,3ronaBarrero rra ptrtuonoxeEara B Eenocpe.(cTBelra 6Jrrcocr AoTxx xepTBeEa f,Ma. Te3H oTBOpU B rroAa EsMaT oTHor[errne rlM EeroBaTa xorrcTpyrrlf,f, Eo Te caEalpaBesf, npeABapETeJrHo, 3a Aa ro 4pe.4raerT uo-rlcEo oT 3EarrrrTeffrf, yBpcxAaEf,t. cJreA Ta3ncTponTeJrEa Aefirrocr, orEacrqa ce Ao EoceqaTa roEcTpyKryr Ea TaBaEa E rroxpl{Ba, q?ouTeJrflTMOXe Aa rrpncTbrm x6M E3rpa(AatreTo lra noAa B ,@ere noMelqeElrt Ea rlu{aTa.

IIo upe,unapnTerstr Ea6mo,qemr na Mrcroro f,mr npn sa6rloAenrrs upr uoqf,crBasero R

3apaBEflBasero.My 3a crpoexa cTpotrTenrr Ea rHqara BepomEo roEcrarrrpa, qe reI'€EbT Ee eAOCTaTLqEO Cyx E 3ApaB 3a rroJraraBero sa oomHoBeE uruEeE uoA. Harara ce s3rpa:rqaEero Eanrf,Eerr uoA c AbpBeB rpeAop€A, xofiTo Aa B3oJrEpa xf,JrrrlqeTo oT BJIaraTa n cfylla. Trfi xarorEpBonaqJrrrxf,T TepeE na ceJlHrqeTo lra ToBa MtcTo e cbc cla6 EaxJIoE Ha lBTor, trputroApaBEflBarreTo rrpem EarraroTo Ea cTpo€xa oT 3ana.ryaTa noJIoBf,Ea Ha llpe.ryEAeElrt 3a Ta3n IIeJIpaf,oE n3rlfio e rl3er rsrKrrf,T xylryc€E troqBen IrJIacr, a cBqo f, qacr or Ea_fi-ropnara iloBapxnocrsa crepnrsara cBerJroraQma rJrnua, roflTo IIaIIoJry [peMxuaBa B Muoro,Ee6ea ruracr rcrJrra r.lrlrnaf, qarLJrE. B nsrosnara noJroBnra, 3a la 6qe xopa3orrurex no.rorBtlrlrtr repex, cBaJIesIrflTrurscr 3eMf, e rro.Tlnsr. flpr apxeolornqecroro [poyqBaae c rpamueu (c uocora f,3Tor-3anaa) ceora3Ba, qe B rBToqEaTa lroJroBrHa IIoAET nexf, Blpxy TepeE CbC 3ana3€E rra MecTa xwyceE IUIacT.Lfrrrenso ro3n rrJlacr, rarro n nafi-roprnrr c.nofi Ha cBerloraQnara r;rr{Ea ca ollenegn or

34

O6p. 20, Patpes xa dyma om nuJtom nd qerntpatuatna tatmo.ora vacm ,tatnda a aotauom{t no*Eu1ewrc Ha Kbr4ct rul

cTpouTenf, rro acrra BeporTEocT XaTO O6E3nOrOrBaqO Bn:l)xrrE n uopaAE ToBa Ee3ApaBtr. or ApyracTpaEa, no,[paBIItBaEeTo Ea llo-Alnooro HIrBo e Heqenecboopa3rro, 3arrloTo 6n .qoselo AoEexeJIaEo BrotraBaEe Ea xlutrara B 3eMflTa, a c roBa f, Ao HoBa peanHa Ba3MorcEocr or IIotBa EaBJrara. Or rona cJIeABa, qe flpf, x3Bbpruenoro EoApaBrrrBane E Eeo6xolurrr,nrr 3a crpo€xa repegBIa)(HOCTTa Ha geroBaTa rroBlpxFocT ce yBeruqaBa B uocoxa or 3anal r3M x3ToK.Hepaanouepxoro ynflrane lro-Nacno, npe,ry3BnKalro tro [ocoqenara npruEna or 3naqnTe[EororerJlo Ha rloAoBara roncrpynsrt (orono 160 ff/rs. ua6 cauo or ntpBonaqarriltr nog), 6r AoBenoAo HeftIroro HarqmBalre, eBeHTyiumo Ao pa3pynraBar{ero Ea,rttrox cbopbxenrr,wrn Ao tro-Texxf,trocnelFlF. lluenno 3aroBa crpo[TeJltr pellraBa Aa yrpcnn [o-BJro(Hara rrgToqna qacr orxcrtJrf,rqeTo spe3 Ba6EBaEero Ha rrnJrorrr, Btpxy xorrro Aa nenre rpeAopeADT, xofiTo nrr or cBoxCTPAEA AA NOCMC II PA3NP€AEJIIT PABIIOMEPEO 3EAqIITCJIHATA TCXCCT HA TOPEEf, rJII|ECE IUIACT EAuoAa. flo raNBD cJIoxeR, Iro flBIro dnracen EaqEE rroAoBara xorcrpyrrp{r rpr6ra Aa 6rAetrpe.ryra3erra oT pa3pymaBarre.

llprrnnara 3a Bt3lrtrrnaJrare rrpn rnrpexJ{auero na noAa rpyAEoc"Trr e cruruara oBJraxnerrocrEa repeEa. Tr uoxe Ia c€ .qbJrxu Ea ,UDa Qarropa. flrproro [pelrroJroxerrre oe orsacr .[otroAnoqD€Eara BJrara. floAlrossenrrre BoAn B pafiona lra EeoJrnrrroro cemrqe o6asc ca Aocra rrrcxf,:rnaAeErlrre Ha oxoJrElrre rT,tmr (arpxy repeEa Ira ceJmrrlero) ca.qDr6orE Ea.( l0 rr,r; upororraBaEeTo

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35

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tri:! Eaax xa ocHoau'ne Ha Kuqama c acuuKu 66mpewHu nodnopu. o6oetavexo e ilscmomo H(t Hanpeve, pa3p, npe3

36

O6p. 22. Ilnonon ,u amopuvflunre nodocu sartasKu s onsopa xa tcepnaewvno aila

trpelu E romo A@eTrureTnr Ea xanaJr-roneKTopa sa 7 u A6n6o{Ima oT cbBp€MerrExr rep€E EaceJrf,qero (r. e. na 6ango 4 u no,u Hf,Boro Ha u3cne.qDarroro xHnrurc) He ce EarrKBa Ha rro.4troqBeErrBOAn; TaXrrBa BO.ry rlpn CTpOexa Ea MOcTa, e,rytF'ssT xpar Ha xofrro piltpyluaBa llo-xrcHo qacT oTrrnotr1a,q3ara, Ha xorro e 6ltno nocrpoeno xnJrlfiqero, ce [orBxBar na 5--6 M noA nefiuararroBbpxsocr (r. e. noa roprroro rrnBo na crepnnnr{r repeu). Ocaeu ToBa B pafioua Ha ceJrrrrqero He catrpoBexAann crpof,Teffirr pa6ofl{, rorrro Aa noBJllrtrr cblqecrBeEo Ha HIrBoro lra [oArroqBerrrrreBo,rE, T. e. A& AoBeAar Ao r$(Horo [ourrxaBarre .ryec uprMepno c 5---6 v. .f,sso rpr6ua gatrorrlrcrrM rrprrurrnro B xaparrepa x csoftcrBara lra nafi-ropmrr 3eMerr rrnasr, Bbpxy xofiro ercrpaAeno xrrJr[rqero. Pafiomr Ea c€Jrxrllero e rroKptrr c rexxa nmnecra rroqBa, Eapeqenacuolmqaa?. Ifoorpxnocrrrara rroqBa Ea xyrwycgrrc xopn3oHT EMa cpaBrrnreJrEo poxraB crpoex ETpoxoBnAEa crpyrrypa" Crerusr no,e(oprlorr (creuora$enara rrnma) co orfirilraBa c MgororoJuMa rurarrrocr . HaAony cne.q3a ,qe6el rrJracr rlJrf,orlencrg urrrrrf,. Tosr crpoex ua npoQwra firoxxpgnrnre na6ruoAeuru nora3Bar, qe cMonnr{rlara HMa Mnoro Bncoxa BJraroeMnocr. Ilopa,qrToBa qecro xBretrtle n pafona Ha oensqero e no-Kparxoro lirrs no-npo.qtnxrrreJrrrorotrpeoBJraxnrBane rra ropnnfi floqBex xopE3oHT. Karo rvaue rrp€ABtrA Tar]H Kparxa xapaxreprcrrrxa,c;ra;D? rcno 3aruo crpourersr e y6eaen r neo6xo.qrMocrra R3Toqnara troJroaEna Ea orpamqegaraor crenrrre xa nocrpofirara ruorq na 6rge yxpenera c rrnJrorr( (o6p. 23). Or eAsa crpaEa, 3aeAgo coxoJrrrnr uo-3ApaB Tepen rrf,lrorrre rpr6na Aa rrog.qlpxar ge6elnr rroA c ArpBes rp€Aop€,q B Eero.Or npyra crpana, rropaAn roBa, se uocrpofoara ce rn]rpar(Aa Brpxy sanoqBaq Ea roBa MrcroEar.lron (rru xsrox), muornrc (raxro r{ AbpBerrnre qrLrr6os€ or rpr{Te xacn crenrr na xrqara)Beporrro rpr6ra Aa R3rrlJrE Bar Baxna ponx B rrp€.qtra3Barrero Ha oBJriDKEeHnre uaf,-ropm 3eMHRruracroBe or rura3rane no nocoxa Ea rraxJroua, T. €. Aa npeArra3Bar rbrqara or pa3pynasane. OrToBa cneABa, qe r3rpa)I(Aalrero Ea rpynoeMrara AapB€Ira rolrcrpyre{fi na noAa (ururorn nrpeAope4l Ee € caMor{en Tagx crpourenxa Aef,rroqr e o6ycnorena or eAHo cbrqecrBeno (r oryrar

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37

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_[o-roJrrMa aap""""u, neo6xoanrra up]r ga6usaneroffitrffl"":TJ;;r"- Bpbx' a &tqb n *a'ara yAap'oTrr-orqama), a, or

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39

rlacrl{ or Hero AaBar Bb3MOxHocr Aa ce ycTaHoBrr, qe e HanpaBen or cpaBrrr{TeJrHo TbrrKu Ab6oBHCTBOJIOBC' II3qIICTEEU OT KJIOHHTC II PA3IICICHII HA ABE IIO AbJIXI{HATA; MAXAP I{ M'UIKO NA 6POfi, ArpeAopeAa BJIInaT I{ T"bIrKIl Hepa3lleneHu AbpBera. Kaxro noKa3Bar ocraBerrr{Te oTneqaT}un, xoparaHa re3H AbpBeHI{ eJreMeHTI{ re e o6elesa. flpuwrnara 3a H3rroJr3Banero uM B To3r{ suA (neAonycr'MB crporrerrcrBoro c gtpoo) e, qe ro xoncrpyKrnann cro6pax;;;;;;; oii".r" rpr6aa-no 4aocraHar B nonycyxo qbcrotl{ue, T' e. BJlaxHocrra HM He rpr6nano Aa cJrn3a- rroA rpaH[rlara rraHacElrraHe Ha rJreraqH[Te creHn' xosro za pt6a e 25%o. Tosa ce nocrnra HMerrHo rrpa ocraBflHeroHa crBoJloBere c xopaas' CleA nonarauero r{M B noAa re 3aAbnxr{TeJrHo rroeMaT orqe BJrara, Ho BTo3Ir npoqec He yBeJlrlqasar o6er"{a cH I{ cJreAoBareJrlro He yBpexqar norpr{Baqr{fl rr{ rJrHHeH flJracr.Toaa o6a'Ie HerlpeMeHto !-q,craltuulo' aKo BnaraTa B Tflx. e ,,oA rpaHIIrIaTa, or Kocro 3a[oqBasbclxBaHero (r. e. non 25o/r), Bb3MoxEo caMo cJreA o6ersaHero_ rra Kopara. B 1osu crry.lafi3aKolroMepHoro [oeMaHe Ha BJIara 6u 4onelo ,qo yBerxqagaHe _o6erua Ha AbpBoro, Ao crilr'oEarryxBaHe rra ropHrlr TJIEHeH [Jlacr Ha [oAa r{ c ToBa Ao o6esclrrr"rr""l r{3rroJr3BaHero HarpeAopeA' B Hscre.qsaHnr clyvafi or claruua o6aqe

"p"i ynotp"6ara saAapBera c Kopa ropHrrrrrJrnHeH ruracT e npeArra3eH oT Ha[yKBarre Il paopyurauan-e.

B rolrvoro rloMeuleHue rP€robearr " "

i p",qhtu, "-"o"o*u

r{3ToK-3ana,q (o6p. 25). Bcrxa orTflx ce cbcrol{ or oKoJro 70 uonoxexl{ Bb-p-xy IUIocxaTa cr{ crpaHa yc[opeAuu AbpBera, rraMr{paq,, ceHa MaJrKo pa3crotl{He eAHo or Apyro. Illupunara Ha """*i peAnqa e pasnr,rvua, no cro6pa3ena cMecrara Ha HoceulHre rpe4{ (r. e. c Mecrara Hape,qoBere or nluoru). K;;;6;; or 2,45 4o 2,90 u,xaro Hafi-ruEpoKa e xpafinara loxna peArlqa. ro"u *g"*ur"u, "" Hacuqarrero ,n sapexAaHero HarpeAfiTe 3anoqBa or rpafinara ceBepna peAnqa, a 3aBrprrrBl npn BxoAa. B valxoro noMeule'r{erpeAope.Ebr e norroxeH n 3 _peasryr c noco*a ceBep_rcr. Bcc'Ka p;;fi;;;;rrBa o*oro 9_10ycnop€AHlr rpeAr{' Hap€AeH}r Grursxo e,qHa Ao Apyra. iflnpunara na rpr{Te p€AnrIH e npn6nnlrreJr'oeAHaKBa - uo oxoJro 2,8G_ 3 u.

B rpe'qopena Ira qcroro xHJrnule BJIH3ar oroJro 840 rrr AlpBeHr{ eJreMeHrr{. or rrx orolo 100 uca ecrecrBelro KparnH AbpBeTa c AHaMerlp oICoJIo 0,05 v. O"tu"""nt" iu .rorryqegil rrpe3pa3rlenBaHe Ha oxorro 370 r'r crBorroBe c ArraMerap 0,0H;0g,. c;;;;;,-""-ruioaoBr{, rp€AopeAHe ca ceqenfi oTAeJrHr{ ArpBera, a e HalpaBeu- ur6op MexAy ocranxr{Te or ropgr.rre qacru HacrBonoBeTe' npeAHa3'ase'n 3a creHr{Te (91 6por) H 3a TaBarrc(Es rpeAopeA (ll4 6por).flocleAnurr era[ B ]I3rpaxAaHero Ha [oAoBara KoHcrpyKrlr{t [r3rcKBa 3'arr[TeJrHoxoruqecTBo ruIuHeIr pa3TBop. C nero e noKpar IIeJIurr noA Ha uocrpofixara. 1--nuHes Hsr wracT u.'aAe6eanna 0,03 (naA Hn;-4s6elnre AbpBera n rpeaopeaa) _ 0,02 rvr (r"rex.qy grpoerara).llsnoassanr{rr rJrr{HeH pa3rBop e c MaJrL( rpr{Mec or nrcir H Ape6nu KaMtrrera. Ocsex roBa B Heroca AooaBeHIl roBexArl H3npaxHeHufl - Ha rrx ce ALrrxar r,rnoro'6pofid;. ;;;;

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npe.u{[3nr{{aHeTo rra uoAoBaTa KOHCTpyKrIrrr.v rara creHtrTe' rroAbr E IrtKoJrICo cbopbxennf, Brpxy ncro ca Beqe nocrpoeror. Hsqnr EarH caE Tprrre IIeHTp'urHu Hoc€Iq[ xoJro'Il' cnopeg Ea[''rre ni6mogenut ,n pa3cbx AeHnfl B crpor{TeJrHnfltrPOqEC HACT}TIBA C,qIHCTBEIIO IIOAXOA'IqN'T MOMEHT 34 IIEJICHACOIICEO H3NI{qAHE IIA TJIHHCRO./fbpBeHrr no4. Mnoro Beposrno e ol:urBaHero Ha noAoBara roncrpyrq[ a Aa He e e,qHgcrBegaratrpnqHl{a 3a rBrlon3BalreTo Ha orbEc' Ugnrqaneto, MaKap n rrpu flo-Hncxa TeMnepaTyp a, HaBlrpeluHara crerrHa Ma3ntra e rBapAe noJre3no KaKTo ,r" "ift"utu-la-il"n"u, raKa n 3anogo6peaaHe IIa repMoI{3oJIaIr[oHIIlTe KayecTBa Ha c"TerluTe (nenereuara rruna oBJraxE Ba Jrec'o,a c roBa c€ yBer[qaBa Ba3MOXHOCTTa Ea creHHTe Aa npoBexAat tontt"tu*;. gu*"u"*o Ha orbEB npocrpaHcTBoTo' 3arBopeHo or 4 crenu H rroA, ne npe4craBJrflBa onacHocr 3a caMg.fl crpoex.flpo6aer'*r 3a r€ruqaHero Ha no$a n cre'r{Te Ha x'rurqHure [ocrpofuir 4ocera He etrocraBflH B IraJAEara KHITXHI{Ha' oTHacflIIa ce Io paH&oHeoJII{THrlTe tryJlTypn n lOrousroqnaEnpona. Te:n rrnpocs o6ase ca npeAMer Ha or4aBnarurra 3a,qoyna ArrcKycg fl, B nureparypaTa 3axHJII{IrIHoTo crponTencTBo lla 3HaqnTeJrHo rlo-KacHaTa rpr{[oncKa ryJrrypa. pe,qnqa H3cneABaq[ orIlbpBara IIoJIoEIIHa sa XX B' cMtrar, qe r" Hap' rpnnorcru nnorqaAxr{,- rnrpaAerlu or ArpBeHrpeAopeA E rJrI{Ea' ca flpeABapureJrlro R3IrRqaEu c orKpHT orun (arpxy rrx) noAoBe rra xr{Jrr[rla, acreII[Te IIa Te3Ir xHJrI{qa 6nlu naupaBellu cJre.q ToBa or Jrex Marepn:ur, xofito He e ocraBrfn

40

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""p.""*qsxr' flo€oqeHl{Te qn0poBu AaHIIx Morar Aa [on3Bar u Harrrero rncre.qBane. Tpr6ra Aa sMaMerIpeABuA o6are, qe perucrpfipaHoro TeMnelaTypgo gborrrouenue MexAy HarpflBanero Ha [oAa ricreHrlTe (9:7) cn orHacfl 3a Kbula c noKpIrB. B usc;easa*" oi uac cayrafi no-6.nnlxo Ao peiurrrocTraIBrnex'qa clorHorlreHnero 9:6, T. e. or qereHacoqerroro H3IIHgaEe lla uoAa npH TeMneparypa, He uo-B[coKa or 500'C, cle4ra, qe HarpflBaHeTo Ha BaTpeIIrHaTa noBbpxuocr Ha cTerrrlTe B To3r{ npoqecAocrura orono 330' C.-Brnpexu roBa IrHe npneMaMe HarprBarre ups reMleparypa 400" C.Mnruualgara Ae6em.rfa na rJrfiHeHara Ma3r{JrKa nonpovqBa'ara xblqa or caarrna t o*o'o.o,o+ r. Cper""d;"#liffiflffirffiffi #"ftJ"ffJ;c MHHI{MtuIHara' 3a Aa lr3cJreABar're Raft-ne6laronpnxrnur clyrafi

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42

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-l q. 6erue .qocrr{rrraranocoqeHa-ra TeMlleparypa n Tfl,6erue noggtpxana orrle I g., cJreA Noero treulTa 6eure lnxrto.rena.Elorur 6erue nnoyanHo r{3cJreABaH eAHo Aenonorqne rro-Kbcgo. Oxaga ce, qe floBbpxHocrra EaHarptBaHara crpaHa e nonytlfira KepeMuAerloqepBelr qonr, roftro ce 3arra3Ba HaBtrpe rrorlTtt AoEarptBalrara crpana rla AapBoro, a rfl rrbx 6erue Ao6nna raQrno-repen qBflT xa.qrr6oqxRa oKoJro0'015 u. firproro B ro3H norbMncr yqacrbx o6aqe ne 6erue sary6uao'ocrroBxr{Te cn 6"i"*ii*"cnoficrsa. Or xanpareHufl eKcnepl{MeHT cJIeABa, qe npeAroxenrrre Teopermgrr pa3cbxAeggfl necaMo ocraBar B cl{Jra, Ho I{ qe A}pBeEara rroc€qa KoHcrpyKrIHr rra crerrr{Te or KBuIara s CraruHa 6uMorta Aa H3AbpxI{ 3HaqHTeJrHO IIO-BnCOrO HarprBaHe npn rleJreHacoqeHoro onrurBarre Ha rioAa.Hnrepec [peAcraBJrflBa H 3a[a3Banero or oranc Ha orxpr{Tr{Te A}pBeHr{ qacrn

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43

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TEIICH IIA TEXHITKO-TEXIIOJIOTHqECKH BS3MOXHOCTI{64.

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lloxpnrrr rpr6na .qa 6rAe JrorlrrHo [poArJrxeHlle Ha clrcreMara or lroceulHTe ro llo,4nopu.Cnopea.qe$eJrnnara cH BlTpeuHHTe BepTr{Kalru [oArropr{ Ea KruIaTa or Clarnsa ce pa3[peAeJlf,T

a 2 ipynlr: rnaBgrr u Bropocrenenrrrr (o6p. 2l). |rtasnn roAnopu ca rpure KonoHI{ c Ae6eluna0,40--{.,44 M, orpaxAarrlrr rpr{brbJrHo npocTpaHcTBo B IIeHTpaJrHaTa rlasT Ra roJIflMoTo rloMelrlesne.

C orleA rroJroxexr{ero cx cuprMo creHr{Te na nocrpoftxara re Morar Aa ce pa3rpaHlrqar notbyoqlr". Cauo ceBepHr{re 2 xononu nexar Ha Jrrrxl{f,, (npn6nnsnrenno) ycnop€Ana Ira Htxoll orcregure Ha xuJrurqe B crlqac Ha rpl{Te rucn. OcraHaJrr{Te ABa cryqac ca 6eruepcnexrnBnu c

orneA sa o6qa poJrfl B no,qAbpxaHero Ha rorpnBuara KoHsrpyKIFr. CnopeA npr{erut eAl'llrcrBelro

JIorI{qeH Bapl{arrT IoxHaTa KoJroIIa ogTaBa caMocTosTeJIHa, Ho nefinara npoexquc ce BMecTBa MexAy

ABere ceBepgu roJronu. flpu roaa ra3u loxna Konona e c Hafi-roJrrM AlraMerbp or rpure IIeIrrpiuHItro.qroprn. i)ctu"aaore o6uto 6 flo.ryropnn crra6a ce orlracflT uo Ae6err'rna (oxo.lto 0,15 r'r_sa ncn'rru)raM BTopocrerrennuTe. Cnopea Mrcroro cu re ce pa3Aercr t2rpynw:. ceBepHa (apa cruI6a) u rcxna(2 Anofixn crrn6one). Ilognopure BbB BcrKa or Asere rpyrtr Jlexar ts eAna nrrnrrllr, ycnopeAEa lra

x.5cqre creHr{ Ha xbulara. Or' rosa cJreABa, rle BBTpe r nocrpofuara nr"rd 3 rnrnnu or o6oco6erurrroAnopn (eana or rnaBnu n 2 or BTopocrenennu), xouro ca ycnopeluu Ha 3 or creuure, a re3llgrerru cb[ro Morar Aa H3narnsBar r{ oflopna $ynxurr, T. e. B uocrpofixara ce oKa3Bar 6 ycuope.um

m{Hur{ or rroAnopg. flpu rora BcrrqKr{ Te ca nep[eH.q]IKyJIflpHI{ Ha AlJrrara oc Ha KlIIIara. Oqesu.Uro

e, rre Te3r{ noltrropH no eAr{H nnr{ Apyr HatIHH l IacTBaT B noA.qbpxaHeTo na 6ulnara cToJrr{IIa.

Passrocxusra MexAy resu 6 onopnn lnrmu (lvrepenr MexAy ocuTe ur'a) ca or Ior xuvr ceaep: 2,65,

3,05, 2,55, 2,65 u 1,30 r,r. flocoqennre rroAnopHtr pa3crorHHc ca EaIIbJIHo B cbrxacne s' cw

44

*

* i;ilrp;.tr

O6p. 26. Omnevamox om epeda Ha nbryoHovanHu'fl moaaH

l {*fir:lli: !.1#i*;:

H-iY l,;;,* i

O6p. 27. Omneqamox om zpeda Ha nbp+oHaqaiHua

cbBp€MeHHlre EopMH 3a CTpOETengTBO C AbpBo, KOHTO I{3HCXBar pa3crocHltero MexAy no,4llopHnre

TOqXU Aa rre [peBErrraBa 4,50 r"r. or xagasoTo cJIeABa' rle 3a e'4{HuqHaTa IIeHTpaJIEa KoJIOHa

i-*""*l ennnirses; Bb3MbxEa Qyurw-e ocraBa Aa 6bAe nprxa rloAnopa Ha 6I{JrEara croJrrqa.

Tagn ronona pa3AeJrx AbJrxnnara Ha rosrpofiKara Ha 2uavru, KoI{To ca B oruoluerye-J (loxna):1,5

G"ap""t. Ha ceaepnn r Ern ce naAar -4

no,ryropHn JrrrHI,IE, Ha loxHrr-fl - 2- Jlorrxara na

*p;fi#*Boro (a rrgcreAsanara nocrpoftKa B Aocera alraJlrr3r{panrre qacru e 6necrnrl ilpl{Mep 3a

cneABaHero aa ra3s noru(a) H3rrcKBa o6o3Haqes[re Ira.qoJluoro HI{Bo noArIopHI{ IniIJnn Aa HaMepcr

trpOAtnXeEI{e rr Earop€. TOla, KOSTO cJIeABa Aa C€ socrr 3aeAIIO C nOKpuBa' e TaBaHbT Ea xlulaTa

(ire anannsupaMe orAeJrno .qanrrre 3a Hero). CreAosarerllo BbB Bb3cranoBxara ga BToporo HIIBo

ipr6na nenpir"rerno Aa r{MaMe npeABnq rr EeroBara rexecr. B vaxcuualEo gborBercrBau$t Ha

AoJrgoro HrrBo Bapr{aHT cucreMara or [oAnop!_sa 6*tto"ro ocBen eAultcrBeuara rlpflKa no,{t]opa

G;;""") ip"Ou".i" "**""a ou{e 6 nogropn. I{erecro6pl3nrfl nlt 6pofi o6aqe ue o6clAro'{ ro-EaAony, raKro u qeneclo6pa-:rnr 6-pofi na norpHBIIuTe pe6pa. I{o ce oTl{acfl .q'o noKpI{BHaTa

rrOrpHBKa, ycTaHoBellusr ge6el (0,20 r'r) 6cI nenelen-unacT Bbpxy [3ropeJltrTe oCTaHxII OT

nOCrpOfrxara E9AByCMI{gJI9HO cBHASTeIcTry"a, ve rs e 6u1a Or Ae6el ruIaCT cJIaMa' Hnxarsfi

ocTaHXn oT rloxpuBHara cTpyxrypa He ca ycraEoBeHf,'

BnAtr ua roncrpyKqHrTa Ha TaBaHa e B CbrJlacfie c BI{Aa Ha noxpfiBHaTa KOECTpyKIUdS

(o6p.26-28). HtrpaaeH e or HarperrHH Ha ALrrrara oc pa3nonoxeHr{ eAHo Ao Apyro pa3qereHl{

AbpBera c nJrocxara cH srpaHa HaAony. flopa,u c6era na ecrecrBenoro Kpbrno AbpBo cfceAlrnrepa3rlenenl{ AapBera 6x rpr6nano Aa ca c pa3MeHeH[ xpaHIIIa' T. e. Ha Bctr? crpaua Aa c€ p€AyBaT

i;ilil;A;"p"r. rorit rpeAopeA e noxput or Ae6en uacr (oxoro 0,12 r"l) rJruseHa Ma3I{rrKa. IIoornocr.rreJrrloro cE Teuro rq e naft-lera or Ir3rIoJr3BaIrI{Te B K}ulara nopaAu roJltMoro xorurlecrBo

cHTEo Hapr3aga cJraMa B Hefl. Aro nopuanuoro o6eugo cborHo[Ieul{e MexAy rJrfiIIa tr cJraMa

"p"ir"riu 3:1, a usuol3Baur{r 3a raBana pa3rBop ro Beposrlro e oxoJlo ABofiHo no-roJrtMo. gpr[oxapa AtpBeHurr rpeAopeA *r3raps, Ho or Irero ocraBar flcIilI orrre.rarblrfi B Ma3HnKara. Hafi-

Ao6pe ganaieHara qacr or ger JrexH Ha oKoJro I M ngsrn n3TorlHara rlacr Ea loxHara creHa lra

I

45

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i.,.,ii:$il"

f:.*l"i

ffiil'mT+Ii:*:tc.,**.1

ffi

triii.lili

#it

:r+aI

k{iirffi

w.:iiii

_i :!*!

rir!',:1:

O6p. 28. IIpoQut Ha n;peoHaqa,rHtLs masaH u 3ailasKume uad teeo

nocrpoftxara' a c'ulo u B loro'3Toq',n' n ,qcr.Jay ca perlcTpr{pa'r{ oTneqaTaq[ oT rrr*orropa3IIeIIeHu AlDBera or rpeAopeAa c Ar{aMerap-o,oqii,t6-nn:" cbrrlo f, xparrrff AbpBera c.u{aMerbp0,0H,07 Lr.-3anase'ara EM-AbJr*nru "

o*o.r, i'i'*.il;;?*"ra norroBr{Ea Ha Kbqara ocrar{Kr{reoT urIIHeHIlt IIJIaST Ha TaBaHa ca CI{JIEO pa3TpOIIreHn.

*""rfi#Jtjt"THl;i"#""Xiffit*nvcKaMe' qe'rpere ceBep'tr Ko{gHH or rre'rpan'n, Eoceu{cborBerHoB6pxvo"'u,,aru.'e.s'";p;;#T;;'Jff ;X;t'#"J*rd;:mii;:i";UfrTALrrrara oc Ea rrqara rpeAr (upe,unblaraye_ueaoc-rruy,

"ipl"rro c Ae6erure Kparrqa rru ror. OrToBa cneABa' qe ABere rpymr-BlTpeluHlr rropocreuetrnn uoArroprn crrn6o"a rro""1 no eAHaxoprr3.ET'Ur'a Eanpeqna -ipe.ca, rb"ro no,rynpa ABere ycnope^nn HaAJrax'rr rpelur. .{rereff:ffi:iJ#.Bepotrlro 'qocrurar ao a-i"i; ;;; u'a n&rpof,*uril ,"-sa HaMeprr raMd;;; fi;;ff"' H ;:'ff T3J'l ;oll#;:' "ffH;T;'lYis1 r'a'""x " "p"'ryu'" rM'|Iacr'

Marno tro-xrcr (c roaxona, No,'*oro e AnaMerrprr natF^il"XXjFXe:#K"T#fJtro6rpnarn o6ase rianpnro ""

tt"t*tt"-ia ata""t", r. b. crra6oB€Te ca o6rpnarfi TaKa, qe Aa noeMaT;l$#t "ff## Harlpetr'nre rperor E qp", rsx Aa noArnrpar Ha.q3nArrtrre cron",r.. .(pyrnxr:1ti?""ilffi;;""11#.:T#;-ff#^lH#l"##ffi *ffi #i1'i{:ffi :#ffiffiif.:ffffiffiIiffi B iana xopr3o'rar'a lrrlocKocr c rp're rrcr

"e,rr",o, (naasnasu)

or raganoro cne4na, qe EaA3nAIrTle^ c-ron'r[r (rpealrre EaA ,(brnrre c-rerr) B MecTara Eas'ro'ure cuo6rR Jlexar HaA Be'eq'rre rpear or *cnri cTeE,,. cuo6xara e EeupeMe*rro c MttJrxo3ac'qa'e n rn6la' flo raxtn Earrf,Ir 'una1"g^x'tr xopKloETaJrHR rpeAf, E ABere rraA3r{Arrncronaru{ (ca6rnrepn), rorrro ca npr6arfreago ycnop€Arrn ubu.x.qy crr (unaurr Ha xbrqara e caa6orpanerloBr{Aen), ce HaMnpar r -eaxa tr crura xopn}ogTaJrrra rurocxocr.

46

illltltltllllltllttlrl

o1

d

O6p. A. Cxeua xa zpedoeun senc4 u xopu3oHrnorrrrurre Hocet4u zpedu na xuao ,ruraarr Ha t6t4arna (pexoxcmpyx4un)

47

,(aere xopf,:,)IrraJrllH rrJrocKocrfi, xolfro oqepraBaMe lra EEBo raBaII, c€ Aorlupar rrnBTHo eAHaAo Apyra, cBbp3anlr ca c rBbpAa Bpb3xa B burur€ na nocrpofrrara, a HecbMrreno rBbp.u{ Bpt3KnI{MaJIo cLulo MexAy ABere naArILxHn rpeAr{ H noEe qacr or rexHHTe noA[opH. flpn roranoJroxeErle ABeTe xopH3oHTarHn AOIIIIparqE C€ paBHnrrH MoraT Aa ce cMrTaT OT KOrrCTpyxTr{BHarJIeAIra rorlxa Karo noAoBa (rtaex<4yeraxna) crrcreMa. Or e.qra crpana, Tr noeMa r{ pa3np€AentTexecrra Ea [orpHBa n TaBaHa, a, or.{pyra - Tf, BepofTHo [oJryqaBa AonbnrllTeJrHa 3ApaBr{Ha orAtpBenara xoHcrpyKllufl Ha raBana. KoncTpyxrlxrra rra raBana e HarrpaBeHa or ABa (nrrn 3) peaaycropeAHlr Aolrlrpalqrr ce AapBera c nocoKa npu6nHrureJrrro H3Tox-3a[aA. ,{onycraue, .reIIaA3IIAHIITe CTOJIItt{r II gbOTBeTCTBarUgTe RM rler{TpiurHu HaAJrtXHr{ rpeArr ca onopa Ira ABa peAarpeAnqru. Ilo4nopnoro pa3crorHr{e Ha rr3Torruara peAr{qa e 4,45 M, a Ha sanaryrara - 3,50 u. 3arIacTTa MexAy ABere IIeHTpaJrHr{ HaAJrtxHrr rPelu cDuIecrByBaT pa3nl{qHn Bapr{HaTr{: rpe.4rrrxHTeHa ABere p€Auqn Molarla c€ cpeular raM; MexAy rsx Moxe Aa e ocraBeHo HenoKpr{To pa3crosHile

- Hanpr{Mep 0,50{),60 v; rau Moxe Aa ca EapeAeHH rrcu rpeArqKu, ronTo Aa 3anrrar AparacbceAHH peAa I.r Aa HaMupar onopa B HaArrbxur.rre rpeAn. flpeAnolaralre o6ase, qe rrone HaHcrorKo Mecra MexAy (ue arpxy!) HaA3[IAHxre croJrrrru{ H rraAJrtxHure rpeAlr, Kaxro 14 MexAycaMure IraAlIlxIrH rpeAn ca nocrauenlr AbpBera-pa3naurn, KoHTo nprr HyxAa Aa rrpornBoAeficrsarEa xopx3olrrturnl{ cnru Ha Harucr (rrrrp) I{ c roBa Aa o6lerqaBar ocrroBara Ea [oKpHBHararolrcrpylcu{f, B excrpeMlrx clrryaqxn. Cxrosnu cMe Aa AolycHeM, qe MaJrxoro [oMerqeHr{e Harllrlara ne e 6r.rno cna6Aeno c raBarr, a orraM c€ ocaulecrBrBuuro xaqBanero Blpxy raBaHa HaroJltMoro [oMeuleHHe. Ha AocrHrHarHfl erarr or Bb3crarroBKara xrurlulero rrMa Beqexopu3oHTilJrna raBalrcKa crpyKTypa; IraA Het I{3JrH3a caMo qacr or KoJronara, Korro rpr6ua Aa HocH6runara rpeAa. Tara 4ocrHraMe Ao xoncrpyrqnrra Ha rroKpriBa.

florpnnnara KoHcrpyxuufl e safi-cla6o no3Harr{rr eJreMerrr B paHHorreoJrr{rHara xnnurrruaapxnrexrypa. Hnqo Apyro ocBen Ae6emrs 6u neneleH rr.rracr rre cBr.rrerenqrBa 3a ra3n cTpyKTypa uB R3cJIeABaHara xbura or Craruna. 3arosa ce Haurara Aa HanpaBr{M pexoHcrpyKrlnf, uraBHo noaHaJIorEu, rouTo Aa He [porl{Bopeqar Ha MaJro6pofinnre HaJrr,rrrnu AaHHr{. Haft-aaxxnrr eJreMerrr,qfitro npn6.rrnsurenga croftRocr rpr6ra Aa ycraHoBHM, e rraJTbr, Koftro noxpr{Bur{Te nJrocKocrr{cKJrloqBar c eAHa xopu3oHTaJIHa paBHrrHa, Hanp[Mep Ta3r{ Ha raBaHa. B clyxar, KaKTo Berreflocoq[xMe, ca Huuluqe AaHHH 3a Hecl{Merpuqeu noKpI{B: ocra Ha KoJronara, Korro rpr.6r,a gaIIoAIIupa 6umrara croJll{qa, pa3Aent lrrHpr{Hara Ha xbulara Ha roBa Mscro B gborHoruenre l:1,36,r.e.4,03:5,50 v, a cJreAoBareJlrro flpoeKrlgrra Ha ocra Ha 6unnara rpeAa AeJrr{ rcxHara Saca4a naKblrlara B cborHo[Ienxe 4,10:5,59 u u ceneprrara - B ctorHotuesr.re 3,92:5,35 r',r. Or roBa cJreABa, selulllTe, KoIlTo 3anaAHaTa H H3TOqHara noKpHBHa [JrocKocT cKJrroqBar c paBrrr{Hara Ha TaB,aI/.a, capa3nHqHH c npuoprrrer Ha ro3l{ noA 3anaArrara nJrocKocr. OnpeAeJrrHero Ha noKpr,rBHr{x braJr HaHeoJrI{THHTe xlulu n Etpona ce u3Bbp,urBa o6xxnoseHo BB3 ocHoBa lra LrbJra, I{3MepeH Ira r. rrap.MoAeJrH Ha xlrJrrllqa. Tesu MoAenH o6aqe He Morar Aa ce cM-srar 3a Marqa6no yuanenrr pealJrHogblrlecrByBaJlx nocrpofirH66 H 3atosa H3cJreABarrHTe rbpc.flT H Apym onopHn roqKE 3a o[peAeJrflHeIra noKpHBHLrs HaKroH Ha HeoJrurHr{Te Kbrrlil, nor(pHTrr qbc cJraMa r{nH Tprcrura. B EayqHaraKHr.IxHI,IHa ca II3Ka3aHH Mnerilrr or peAlrqa cueqEanucru. E. 3auruaficrep, @. IIIlere, B. Mafiep-Kpucrnan, B. Craprnn u fL Mo.qepMaH flpreMar, qe HeoJTHTHHTe xBrrIH r qenrpanna n 3analnaErpona rMar r'rLlr na noKpuBa oKono 45'67.3a neonrrgnre nocrpofixn s CpeAHa u lOrollsroqxaErpona ca HI.r u3BecrHI{ HsroJrxo orqacr}r rorpr.rBarqn ce cranonuqa. E. eya"*tn e cKJroHeH AanpueMe trtJl or 30-35'68. {tp.,ryro:*.rllrre B NIIHrara ua .{. Teoxapac Bt3crauoBxr na nocrpofixuI{Mar :br}JI lra uo(pl{Ba 20-25"6e. JI. flepnuveBa cMsra 3a peaJren HHTepBaJra 3H0', a nafi-qecror{3noJBBaE brbJr 35'?0. Mnenuero Ha P. Tproft KJroHr{ KaM HHTepBaJra 25-35'?1. BTpaAnIIHoHnara 6tlrapcKa HapoAHa Kynrypa Kbrrlnre gbc cnaMeE [oKpr{B Er,rat naft-.recro brbJrMex,qy 30 r 40". EAna xumllrlHa nocrpoftra or Mare4onnr, HanpaBena or AtpBo H fJrHHa npe3MHIraJrHt Ber, HMa HecnMerpHrleH rroKpHB c rpccrr{KoBo noKpurue r{ trJrH MeXAy rrorpuBlrnreIulocKocrn H paBHI{Eara lra raBaHa 24' (xu"r xrror) n 29' (xrv sana4)?2. flparu BneqarJrex[ecbBceM 3aKolroMeplrara pa3JrI{Ka, Korro ce oqepraBa B MHeHUcra Ha n3creABaquTe 3a rroKpuBlrrrflHaxJIoH Ha HeoJrr'trHHTe Kbrrur c pacrr{TeJrno [oKpHTr{e B orAeJrHHTe eBponeftcxu soHE. Taxanapa3JrHKa e or6ercsalra B Jrl{Teparypara_*r 3a no-r}cHo BpeMe. flpn mscraHoBxara rra lloxpr{Ba rraIr3cneABaHara KSuIa or Cnarnna rpr6aa Aa I.IMaMe npeABr{A, or eAHa crpalta, qe cnaMeHorotroxpl{Tl{e H3I{cKBa no-crpbMelr noKpHB, orKoJrKoro noKpHB, rranpr{Mep c xepeMnAn (aTpa,qHllrroHnara ourapcKa xyJrrypa xep€Mr{AeHr{rr noKpr{B r{Ma HaKJroH rrorrrH nnsaru-2(F-25'7ti,a, oT Apyra -

qe rroKpHBHaTa Kor{cTpyKrufl e noAJroxeHa na cHJreH HaTHCX IIpH BrTap E 3aTOBA EeMoxe ga .,,pacre" npoustonlto?4. Karo pe3ynrar or BcuqKo nocoqeHo rrpueMtrMe [o-MzurKlrx(usrowrnr) brLJI lra [oKpI{BHara xoHcrpyKr[{s ga 30". Or rosa cJreABa (xafo ce B3eMe npeABnAnocoqeHoro Beqe gboruolrlelrne, B xoero xoJronara ga 6rryroro pa3Aent rrrupr{Hara na xrrqara), reroJreMl{tr (saua4nNrr) rrrn Ha rloxpuBnara Koucrpyrq}u e 38'. 3anarBanero Ha re3x ABa trbJra noIItJIara AlJrxHHa lra noKpl{BHara KoHcrpyxqfiff r3Hcr(Ba nocre[eHrro HaMiuIsBaHe lra BrrcoquEara Ha

48

6nloro B rrocoxa or rclr xbM ceBep. Htquclgnar're (npn H3BecrHLI ocHoBa I{ npnnexau-ur ri rrnn a

TpnbrbJrl{oro ceqeuxe Ha norpr.rBHara KoncrpyKlfit) BncoqnHnre Ra 6ruoro s 3 roqxl: B IoxHrtt$ponrou - 3,23 M, npr noAnupaqara 6uroro roJIoHa - 3,18 M, I{ B c€BepHu, tfponrou - 3,09 r'r.engruasaxero Ha 6n-noro npr{ AbnxnHa rra noAflopnoro pa3crotnr.Ie oKoJIo 12,40 u e 0, 14 u (2,60/o

or Bgcoqr{Hara), a crecHflBanero rra rpeAoBl{t B€Eeq B cbulara nocoKa rr 3a cbuloro pa3crocx[e e

0,42u (4,3o or lxlrpxnara), r. e. noKpI{BHaTa KoHcTpYKWT nua o6rexaeva Soprua.Baxex e r{ Bbrpocbr 3a Bry1a Ha ocranarure 6rrltRu no,quopu. laere yc[op€Arrr{ rraAJrrxun

rpe.ry x 6nloro Hag rflx npeAnonarar noAnopu, BeporrHo no Anoftrn, cBbp3Barrur 6rlxaracronr{qa c BcrKa or ABere rpeA}r. flpoer4rxra Ea ocra na 6uaoro pa3AeJrr pa3crorunero MexAyocr{Te Ha ABere rraAJrbxrrn rpenr (xoero e 1,05 u) na2 HepaBlroAennr{ qacrn

- 0,35 M KbM 3a[aA r{0,70 v KIM r{3ToK (r crornouerne l:2). Tosa ossaqaBa, qe BbB BctKa 4nofua noAflopn 3aflaArrara eno-cla6o HaxJrouerra or H3Totrnara - Saxr, xoiiro HaMllpa o6cclrerfie c xJrxMarr{qnn npRlIRHr{, Horo3n Blnpoc ue pa3rneAaMe no-HaAoay. flpe4noJraraMe, rle B To3u cryuafi e rn[or3Bana crro6rara,,[ufn-gra6"'. yya6 - s 6trrHara u HaAJr]xHr{Te raBaHcKa rpeAr{, urnfl - B ABara Kpaf, rra[oAnopHHTe ArpBera. Brs Bccxa trogrropna 4rofua rpeAI{Te B€pocrHo ca ce pa3MnraBalrn Ha Miurxopa3crof,Hue, 3a Aa He ce orcJra6aa vpes rBapAe 6rnsxil.qra6ose 3ApaBI{Hara na 6xrurara croJrr{qa B

re3rr Mecra. 3a 6por na .qsofixure 6urror [oAtIopH Moxe Aa c€ l{3Kaxe caMo [pe.qfloJroxeHge..[onycxarr,re, .re rofi ce floKpnaa c 6por Ha AoJIIrnre floAnopulr nrtrtmn, no 6es qelrrpruluara qacr Hanoxpr{Ba, KbAero ce HaMnpa npflKara rroArropa na 6uoro. Or roaa cJreABa, qe npueMaMeH3[oJr3BaHero Ha 5 Asoftru 6nrrnn floAnopn, KoHTo He3aBHcuMo qe onnpar rra HaAJrbxHHTe rpeAr{,ca u npoAanxeHr{e Ha ocHoBrrLITe noAlopHr{ Jrr{HrIH. ,(rere xopH3oHTaJrHIt rpeAr o6a.reonocpeAcrBar paBrroMepHoro pa3np€AenrHe Ha ra3H rlacr or noxpHBHara rexecr, Korro ce npeAaBarper 6unara rpe.{a.

Pe6para Ha noxpr{BHara KorrcrpyKrt[c BJrrr3ar n 2 rpynn Abnxr{Hu. Te3u, xonro o6pasynar3anaAnara [oKpr{BHa rurocxocr, HMar pa3crorxl{e MexAy onopHr{Te roqKu Bbpxy 6n.nHara uHaA3r{AHara croJrnua 5,22-4,99 M; Te3H or H3TorrHara noxpr.rBua nJrocKocr o6xsaqar pa3croflHr{eMexAy onopnure roqKrr 6,4M,18 ru. H s ABara cryqatr rpr6oa Aa AonycHeM AbJrxHHa Ha rpe.u{renoHe c I v no-ronsua. Tr c€ pa3npeAenr MexAy crpexara u 6unuara Bpb3Ka. CreAsaftxn B. Maftep-

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""porrnocr BlpxyTo3It IrJIacr e lrapeAerr BTopu, or HecBbp3aHa, AopR neuo4pe4eua cJraMa. Ha 6asara Ba flap{urenr{ orTpamquoEnara Hapo,qra Kynrypa npeAnonaraMe' qe.qe6iJrmrara Ha cJraMerroro noxpuTue e oKoJro0,50 u H qe ra3H Ae6elutra uocreneHso ce e yBenurrura c ro.erErlTe ,rpes npn6aBrge rra HoB'xornrl@TBa crawa7'. .{onycrarrae' qe qacr or aipnerara (nper nrromo)'nu ti"ur"*or rpe,qoperH3Jrn3ar oroJlo c 0,3o--0,40 M HaBbE or ABere EaA3uAHIr monxqu lr cnoMarar 3a [pe.qra3Bage EacJIaMeIIoro noKpurlre or cBJrHqaEe. Kaxro no eruorpaQcxfi auanoruu, TaNa H Br3 ocgoBa HaxaJIxoJrHTHHTe xllJrrrlrlun MoAeJrH AorrycxaMe, qe npe3 6uroro rra Beqe roroB* cJraMeH ,,o(pHB canpexBlpJlelrf, Asoftx[ ,4apBera' qI{HTo r}IrKIf rpaurqa ca cBap3aglr c Kbco JrlrxoBo slxeTE. Te3nAbpBera,4e6emlre Kpalrqa Ira KoI{To AocTrrrar noqrr ao crpexnre, rpro"" o"-"pr**BaT cJraMaraor pa3[]rJltBaEe npfi cnJleH Bf,Tap. C rosa npmrlotlBa nsrpax4anero Ea noxpnaa, a n Ea rlrJraTarbIIIA.

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t0 60 24I ,1rpao o6uro

l0

20304{80

90

20017015013380434l2lll0

l5892l54

5

62II

I

ltl2l314l8242844t1

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0,2s0,080,520,140,q0,060, I40,050,080,090,l0

35-40r.

40-50r.

70 r.100r.

rua izl0r.

2390

10018080

160

90

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I,9t3000

Ta6arua V,{anuu za patfiacoeanemo Ha omceveHun dopceu ilctnepuan,

sa utepacxdaxema Ha Ku4ama

.[xaruenp n

M'CTOTO EApa3c[qaHe

(n cv)

5- 7

8- 9t0- l4t5 - t'll8- l942- 4547 -49

235zffi135t565

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8l0l5206080

O6uo rpeue(n runx.)

16451600I 350225120300r60

598 5400

3a orcu'raHero Ha Heo6xoAuMure 3a xtilIara or CraruHa AtpBera c KaMeHHa 6pawa caHeo6xoAHMH oKoJro 50 pa6orwr qaca. O6qara o6€necena ILlouI e oKoJIo 2 wa. flonyrexure .qaIIHHca cbiracyBaHn MHoFo ao6pe c qlrrupanufl excnepnMeHT B AaHHff, npu rofiTo 3a H3cuqaHero Ha 2Axa Ab6oBa ropa c AnaMerpr{ Ha A}pB€rara Mex,{y l0 n 35 cM ca rr3rroJr3Baulr oxono 50 pa6orrn.Iacag r.

3, OxacmpnHe Ha ScuvKu KrroHu u novucnsaHe Ha megu KroHu, Koumo rvo'am da ce usnorB1am 6

cmpoumencmsomo; o^ercaue Ha Kopama Ha cmSotto^eme. cTaprLrE ce cbrracssa c Ha6rroIieiluflTa HaCexecruA u npr{eMa, rre 3a [o.6acrptne r{ oftJrBane e lryxuo 3 nrrn noBeqe BpeMe, orxoJrKoro 3aorcr{qanee2. B clyuax c rbrrlara or Craruna Muurra qacr or no-TtHxrrre crpolfreJrlru Marepuanu caocrarraJrlr neo6e.nenu (sa noAorm rpeAop€A), no ntr 3a KoMflencaql{t HtKoIr no-Ae6e-ru E npaBurJrogr.r ca 6unr sbulo [oqucreHu. Tosa Hu rro3BonrBa Aa npI{eMeM xoeQnqnenra 3 n creAoBareJrgo3a rlr.rrara ofleparlHr o6qo 150 pa6ornn qaca.

4. PaefiaconaHe rul HyJtcHume cmpoume/rHu eneileHmu. O6rqo B xrlrlara or Cnarrna cayflorpe6eHrr or(oJro 600 o6nn AbpBeHn crpolrrenHr eJreMeHTa (ana pasqeneuu 6ponu 3a eAr{n o6rrI).CleA raro crBoJroBere Ha orceqeHuTe AbpBera 6ruru H3qncreHr{ or KJror{r{Te, 3a [oJr]ryaBalrero Ea600 rrca 6sl xeo6xolorM cbulr{sr 6poft pa3cr{qaurrt. Cnopeg Al{aMerbpa Ea,qbpBoro B Mf,croro Hapa3cxrraHero re Morar Aa 6rAar npH6lnu{TeJmo rpym{pauu, a cneA ToBa Aa ce lrsqr'rcJtrt rneo6xoAHproro 3a lrurara oflepaqrrs BpeMe.

Kaxro craBa flcHo or ra6.n. V, rlrJrara onepaqrin no parSacoBanero Ha ArpBeHnt crpouTeJrenMarepr{aJr 3a xblllara o6xnaqa oKoJro 90 pa6ornn raca.

5. OfiopuaHe Ha ruun uru vamalr 6 zopHun xpail xa Koroneme sa cmeuwne. O6urucr nr"r 6pofi e

144, raro 3a oKoJIo l/3 npnexue cuo6ra ,,Ha rlaraJr", a 3a ogralralmTe -,,uffn-,Ula6".

flpeAcra-BrHara o[epary{r o6xsaqa noAroroBxara caMo Ha eAlrara noJroBl'lna or Bccxa crno6Ka. .{pyrara e

ocbrrlecrBeHa llo-K6crro B rrep[o,qa Ha cTpouTeJrgrBoro. 3a oQopvrHeTo Ea uruna Craprnn npueMaTOJTXOBa BpeMe, KOJTXOTO n 3a pa3cxrraEeTo rra crBoJIa Ha ToBa ruxcToe3. Trfi xaro pa3cuqaHeTo IIpIIpasQacouanero Ea crporrreJrnuTe eJreMeHTH rlacrl{qHo c€ noxpnBa c o$opr'rsn€To Ea lunfla,nprreMaMe, qe HyxHoro 3a BTopara oneparpff BpeMe e oKoJIo 5 r"rnn. Cltrralue, qe c'blqoro BpeMe e

neo6xo4ur.,ro r{ 3a oQopvrnero Ha rrarar. Tara fi3qilcrcBaMe, .re o6rqo 3a noAroroBrara Ha

crno6xure Ha Bcnqxnre 144 xdna sa crerrure Ha xlurara rpr6nar oxono 12 pa6ornx uaca.6. Pasqenoo*e Ha Hy?rcHomo Ko/tuvecmoo cmpoumenHu elreileHmu. Karo r{MaMe rrpeAB[A

pa3gLxAeurcra Ha Craprunea, cMrraMe, qe pa3rlerrBaHero Ha eAr{H o6ur crpourenen eJIeMeHT rloAAJrXtrrraTa oTIreMa ToJIKOBa BpeMe, KOJIKOTO I{ OTCETIaHeTO My. B rUqara or Clarxxa ca BJIoxeHIloxoJro 400 xrca pa3rlefienr{ eJreMeHTu, floryqef,u or 200 o6lu 4tpnera. 06nnre AtpBera ca clgraMerrp 8-14 cu. Karo rrMaMe npeABnA AorrycKauucra B r. 4, nzuacnzvaMe, qe 3a u3cJreABallaraonepaq[r o6uro ca neo6xoAlrMl{ oxoJro 30 pa6orux 'raca.

7. Ifpeeozaaue Ha dtpaenun .uamepuar, do cerrut4emo u cxtadupaue. ,{onycralre, repa3crosxlrero MexAy cerrnulero f, ceJrr{qero e 3-4 xM, qe upeBo3br e ocbulecrBelr npe3 3flMara crueftsa, rerJrerra or BoJroBe, r{ qe c Bcexn Brrpm ca npeBo3BaHI{ rro 22-15.(tpBelil crpourenmreJreMeHTa. Brffo.rsa\le H ToBapo-pa:lToBaprr[Te pa6orn H IrpHeMaMe, qe 3a eArrg ,,Kylrc" ca HyxgrroxoJro 3 pa6ornx uaca. flpn re3rr ycJroBnr npeBo3Banero lra crpolrrennHTe MarepuaJll{ 3a xaulara e

rr3Bbprrreno 3a oKoJro 80 pa6onur vaca.8. Hacuuaue u no4ucmsaHe Ho lrecKosu nputKu 3a nrema Ha cmeHurne u Spoumonume; npe6o36ave

do cetut4emo. Karo HMaMe npeABHA, rre pa3crosgucra MexAy xopg3ogTzurr{ure peAoBe Ea nJlera caoroJro 0,05--0,06 M, u3q[crcBaMe, qe 3a creHrrre ca neoSxoAxMl{ oKoJIo 40 pega, T. e. rrpil AIJDKI{EaHa Bbnrunure lr Brrp€r[rrara creua oxoJro 53 r'r rpr6ra Aa 6rAar BTLIIeTeHH nafi-ua-nxo 2100 tvt

53

npaqrn. 3a Qponrorrtre ca neo6xo,erlrx oKoJro 60 peAa, r. e. o6ulo oKono 600 ru nprvxn. 3a3acrbnBaHe Ha nplqKnre rpr6na Aa npe.qBr{AH^.r orqe oKg:flo l}yo ot [oryqeEara AaJrxr{Ha, a 3aorlBallero IlM MexAy roJloBere or rolrcTpyKllHsra Ira crenara - orrle oxo-rro 20oh. Bp$ynraT ceoxa3Ba' qe 3a Kbulara ca neo6xo*'lMtr o6q6 o*otto i-50d; nTIgBr npbrrKn. Axo npnervreM, rre eArraIBnoJI3BaeMa 3a IIJrer tecKoBa uprqxa e lrrntacpeAno oKono t,go u, cia;;;;;, qe ca ryxHn oKorro2000 nptvru' Tonxosa ca saoxeril{ tr B eAHa Kbrqa, nocrpoe'a excnepr{MeHTiur'o r Aasnres. 3aHacrqaHero I{ nogrlcTBallero Ha re3l| uplrlKu ca 6utnt tto6*oartn oxono 80 pa6ornx .racae6. Tosaxorrrrrl@rBo pa6ornn qacoBe npueMaMe E 3a x!trIar" or c-ili4".^il;6;#a go6arnr oqe l0paooTH[ qaca 3a npeBo3BaHero na nptqrHTe AO c€nnqeTo.9' rlodzomo,Ka Ha cHonqema om xumHu cmtdtta 3a noKpuoa. .{onycxaue, qe pa3crof,H'rraMexAy AoJrrrHTe crpaHH Ha 3acrbfiBauure ce peAoBe or cJrar,{eHr{ cuongera ca no oxoJro 0,30 M, T. e.c'onrlerara ca HapeAeIrH (o6uo 3a ABara cxara) u o*o"o +z p..q"-G"t; j;;rnio*rurrrrre crpexn).'{rnxunara Ha peronere e oxono 13 r'r (nrn. ;;;;;;Hre crpexn). Axd Ar{aMerbprr Ha erlroc'orlqe e oKoJro 0,lH,l2 M, 3a rroKp'Ba ca *.yxHH oxoJro soo aiio.,"".il 4orry"*"Me, qe 3anoApexAaHero rla Beqe Hapt3aHara npl{ xbrBara xKTHa cJIaMa I{ Bpb3Banero ca xeo6xo4uun

;Xff" 30 cex. CaeAosarerro q"rrara oneparyr, Moxe Aa 6rAe octqecirena 3a oxorro 40 pa6ornn

10. fu1ueane Ha_tuKo u uspa1omeaHe Ha mu6tu. Jfnxoro ce Ao6usa or Jrr{noBr{ ABpBera cAe6eansa 20-30 cu' orcu'Ia""t6 t-"'atpBerara ,, o6ensa'ero rra Kopara rpr6aa Aa cTa'e MexAycpeAara na uafi f, xpat Ha I.EII - no BpeMe Ha coKoreqe'ero. gfaq to""'KopaTa ce xucne G-gceAMlrun B ronun*r{. Or I xy6. M rrrrrroBo ,u}pBo ce Aoouaar 30_it; ;;;;;: B cnyqa, c K}rrlaraor cnarsna JIHK.T. " "to"o*oatt;;-

s" "pir"urr-- r" lr^"*on cr.ro6xn (aeporrno H or TpnreH3non3BaIrH rnna) n oco6eno 3a Bpa3Ba'ero Ha cHonqera crraMa 3a no*pr{Ba r{ 3a [pr{BBp3BaHeTonu (noue na 2

',e-.a) x1M oo*-pnouiu xoHcrpyrqfir. 3a uoxpna_a ca Eyx'r{ oKoJro 5000 cnonseracJIaMa; no 3 aprarn lo6qo Ii000 Bpb3KH c Arrxuna 0,3o-b,35 ,. cfr,""u"".,i"r"a, qe B noKpHBaca Brroxenr{ oxono 5000 u arro. flpxeMaM, rre oKorro 1g0 crno6x";;;;;;.

"u oo.r"rHr{rerrgonpnBbp3anr{. 3a nccxa or rrx ca neo6*oAr{Mu oroJro 0,60 v JrHKo HJrH o6rqo ga cr.no6rrre oKoJro1080 rvr' Trft xaro rrrrersr B cre'rrre " ofr;;;";;;^i;", 3a np'Bbp3BaHero My rGM A'pBenaraHoceula KoEcrpyKrIHt nptreMaMe HyxAara or ol{e 3oo *r JIHK'BE Bpb3xH, o6rqoro xoJruqecrBoH3rroJnBarro B Ktrrlara Jrr{Ko Aocrnra orolo 6400;. K;'nrur. np€ABH.q, se 100 M cpenro Ae6e.rmJrHroBI{ Bpl3KIl [MaT TerJIo oxoJlo I rr, ca neo6xoalrvr o*ono e+ rr. ib"u ,r"*o Moxe .qa 6r'eAo6uro or o*oJro 2-r;v6' r a"p"."u Maca, T. e. qp€ orcuqa'ero sa 6-g rnocoqeH't no-rop€ ArIaMerBp na ctsotta. CM"I1y;,

"'" r""uL.ta onepaur, *

":X??""i#r?Xtr ;80 pa6ornn qaci' ,Ao^oaBrMi

;- id;;"r'H qaca 3a H3paoorBar{ero Ha ArpBeHr .rn6nn.

"" "^'.irf,;,?o:::#'i;',if€:;#o,ko u zoeec'cdu i*iifi|,",^u 3a znuHeHuiauasxu.frpneuave,

12. IlsxonaeaHe Hs eruHa 3a sa.ua3Kume. Karro Beqe rrocoqnxMe, rasx AefiHocT Bepocruo eIBBbprueHa B He[ocpeAcrBeHa 6arrsocr Ao M.f,croro ua 6rAerqara x5ata _ TaM 6nxa ycranoBeHu Ao1,5 rrl gra6oKr{ f,Mrr,3anurBarru cJreA ToBa c ornaA}rln. B nsrpax.qanero Ha Kbrrlara e BJroxeno3HarIr{TeJIHo KoJIRYecrBo DIrrHa: B creEr{re 1"*tt. r ffioiloinre; - oxorro 23 xy6.na (6es orBopr{Te3a Bparr{Te ll 6er o6eua Ea AbpBenuru Heqenla xo-nCipyrq}rr), r no4a _ oKorro g xy6. r,r (6es o6ernraEa AbpBeHI{s rpeAopeA), a rara'a - ororro.g *y6. ;-(A;;ffi;;;p;;;;; fi.aop.a). o6rqoroxoJmq""TBo IBnoJBBaIIa rJrl'a e oKono a0 icy6. nn. tatron"Ba'eTo su ra.n .,ru'a c prq*HIrIICTpyI{eFfl{

- B -CJryqar

BepOsTHO pOrOBn uOrrrlr, e AOCTa TpyAOeMxa .qeftnOCr. 3a nefinOrOnpuomrsnreJl'o olpeAeJrt'e qe rcnoJBsaMe pcynrarrrre or eKcnepEMeETHre na Kopo6roBa 3atr3*onaBaEe "" try:111_or rpyr-gnc5r_l'n. 'B 4';;;t-;-iiy""*r. orr'-r' npor3BoA'ren'ocrraEa eAI{H Mrx 3a pa6oren aen 1tO v.) oapupa uexAy-0,4 i,+ ii1.}."e!''k;fi EMaMe npeABr{AJ'e'r{rra Ea trpatrcrop'qecxrs ronex, rpueMaMe, qq 3a-ro p1ogiry'""."'.Li o'bx Moxen Aar*rofiae c poroBa r-o]I*a r{ Aa H3XBrpJrr{ H3B'E s*ara oKoJro 1,4 xy6. , .rro"u. creAogarerno s

ffi:Ert?:u"ffi:r"ffffiT' o' c'pon'e'crBoro Ea rrurara s.c'i*ra ""'i.io*.* oroao 300

flpegcranerrre -li rpyrur Aefisocru H3rrbJrBaT cbAbpxaEneTo Ea ycnoB'o o6oco6eu's

#fr :;":eH:il:"3i:i""iffi fiTffi"f ? jAfi ;;;'c""'Eonp'err{re"op'"noArorBf, ren''r

CTPOI,ITEIIEH NEPHO.TI

13' Irodpaaunsa*e tut mepeut sa nocmpoilKaftw' turruanall-n-oJroB'Ha or crponreJr'r{{ Tepe' e;6"::t[#rl1' orc-.nalle*R ca oKono 4 -t'6. ;';p*t--Affi;."re, qe e Brroxe' rpys s paMrrre Ha

54

14. OuepmaeaHe Ha nltarur. Trft raro roBa e l{3Bsp[reno qpe Toqno Ir3MepBaHe, 3a ra3l{Aefinocr npueMaMe oKoJIo l0 pa6orrr raca.

15. Haepneane na dotuune uocmu no dtpeematnd, f,3rIoJBBaIIu Karo xoJIoBe B creHara I{ xaroEoc€uu{ uo,(nopu. O6ruxrr ur'a 6pofi e oxono 150. Aro 3a e,rno ,{bpBo ca Hyxnrr 8 unu., qsnarao[epau{c e rr3Brpruelra 3a oroJlo 20 pa6ormr uaca.

16. Hafiueane ,u mputne qeHmpatwu Hoceulu Ko/towu u u3KonasaHe Ha xepmaeHama nua. KatoEMaMe rrpeABnA MacuBnocrra Ha Te3r{ AbpBera, 3a llflnara onepallns AorrycKaMe BJIoxeH TpyA B

paMrrrTe Ea oKoJIo 20 pa6orrur raca.17. Hofiueaxe rur Kolroaeme sa cmeHume Ha Ku4ama u yKpensaHemo uu. Karo r,rMaMe npeABI{1,

rre ra3n Aefixocr e 3arpyArrena or MaurKoro pa3croflIr[e MexAy roJroBere, npneMaMe I q. ga BceKltron ruru o6qo 3a Irtnara onepalll{fl oxono 150 pa6ornn raca.

18. IlocmaanHe Ha epedoeun seHe4 u donpweane ua cetodxwne. 3aeAso c tuloBur€ o6qororoJrugecrBo crno6xn or rp[Te rrrna - ,,runn-qJIa6", ,,H& garar" n c ru6la, e 150. CraprnnonpeAenr, qe 3a tr35bn6ananero Ha Aynrara or nlp-Bltfl snq cmo6xa e ryxno roJmoBa BpeMe,

xoJrxoro u sa o$opr.acuero Ha rurlrra, r. e. l0 Mnu.ee 3a nropnr ang cuo6ra AonycKaMe sblrloroJrroBa BpeMe - BepoflTxo 3a Bcexr{ garaJr ca upaBelru nJrI{TxI{ Bpt3BaHI{t B rpe.uara. 3aeAno cAo[aJrunreJrHoro Bpfl3Bane c JrrKo BpeMero 3a AoB]pruBaHero Ha BcflKa or ABara nnAa cuo6xRorrpeAeJrflMe ga 12 vus. 3a ur@TTe crno6xn c ru6la, cBap3au[ c Htronxo cJroxHlr .4eficrnrr,AonycxaMe no 120 r'nrn. Kru [oJryqenr{Te oKoJIo 40 v. npn6aB.sMe onre l0 q. 3a 3arpy.qrewytflTa,ror{To Bb3rrrrKBar npa rroHe Eer(onrorparHoro BA[raHe H cB:urtne Ha nerre rexxu MexAy 150 n200xr rFrerur. Karo nuar"re [peABRA, qe rpeAoButr BeHeIl e saft-saxHoro cBbp3Balrlo 3BeHo B

HOCeUIaTa XOrrCTpyrCIHr Ha KbrrlaTa, KoeTo noeMa H pa3npeAeJlt BepTIIxa[HrITe I{ xopIBonTaJIIII{TecnJrr Ha Haracx, cMsraMe, ve 50 pa6orHs rraca e naft-neporrnoro BpeMe 3a ra3lr cJroxHa oflepallf,t.

19. Ilsn/rumaHe Ha nltema Ha cmeHwne. Cnopea npoBeAelil s Arrarrc eKcrreplrMelrru eAulr MtxMoxe Aa fi3rurere c rgroB Mareprarr oxono 2 xs. v nJrer 3a I q.roo Karo ruaue [peABnA, qe nJrer]THa xaqara or Clarnna e p€xaB, rro 3aroBa nbK BepocrHo Ha Htxorr Mecra e rlpuBbp3Balr xbMHocerrara AtpBeHa Koucrpyrr[rfi, npr{eMaMe HopMa or 2,8 KB. M Ha rac. flpr o6qa nnoq Ha creHI{Te(6es ornopure r rxx) oroJro I 12 rs. M u3rrJrr{ralleto 6n MorJIo .qa craHe 3a oKono 40 pa6ornn raca.flopaau neo6xo,qrrvrocrra qacr or pa6orara,qa 6rge ltBtplxena Ha Bxcotltrna lra.( qoBeluxx pacr, acbulo Aa 6t4ar BJroxeuil AonlJrHHTeJrgu ycrrJrila 3a rr3flJrrfranero Ha roroBere oKoJIo ABara BxoAIruorBopa Ao6ascve oqe 5 q. C rona o6qoro BpeMe 3a ra3f, onepau.rc onpeAeJlflMe xa 45 pa6ornng,aca.

20. HafiuaaHe Ha nuromume sa nodoaama KoHcmpyKqu.a. flpueuaue, qe 3a na6nsaHero Ha re3n22 ppaera ca HyxHI{ oxoJlo 30 pa6orxn uaca.

21. 3auaseaHe Ha cmeHume. Cuope4 na6mogenxs sa Paxrnn n Onerrlbp, truTrpanrr un3noJBBaEr{ or Craprnnrol, 3€t nprrrorBrrrero na I xy6. u rJII{HeH pa3TBop or roroBrl MarepHaJIrI H3aMa3BaHero My Bbpxy nJrererra Koucrpyxrlr{r ca neo6xoAI{MH oKono 8 pa6ornu .raca. Trfi Karo B

cryqat c xbrrlara or Cnarnsa qacr or Bucoq[Hara Ha crelrlrre e HaA qoBelfixn pbcr, np[€MaMeHopMa or 8,5 q. Tosa o3uaqaBa, qe creur{Te lra rslrlara ca 3aMa3alrn (npn n3Becrelr o6eu nacrerrHara rJrI{IreHa Maca or 18 ry6. rr,r) sa oKoJIo 150 pa6ornn 'raca.

22, IlryaflomnaHe ua noda. Cnopeq nocorreHnre na6rrroAennt npurorBtuero rra I xy6. t"t

rnrrgerr pa3TBop Moxe Aa 6rge u3Blprueno 3a oxoJlo 4 q. Trft Karo B cnyqac c noAa Ha KtlrlararJrr{Henr.rfiT pa3TBop e r3currBax HanpaBo, Ho cJreA ToBa e rpau6onau, nplreMaMe HopMa or 6 q. sa Iry6. r,r npniorreua n Hacrnaua uraca. [Ipr rr3Becrelr o6eu ua rJrl{Hara B roAa (8 xy6. u) nyxuororu{cro pa6orno BpeMe 3a onncagara Aefinocr e oxoJro 48 *, Tpr6ea Aa Ao6anHM oure or(oJlo 20-22u. 34 nspa6orBanero Ha AtpBenus rpe.qope.q B ABere noMelrlennr Ha Ktlqara. Taxa ucnara onepaql{flo6xsaqa cflopeA Iraurlrre u3tIHcJIeHHt oKoJIo 70 pa6ornu vaca.

23. Ilsnu,aaHe Ho eruHcHama Jvtaca e noda u cmeHume. Tpr6na Aa 6tAe npeABHAeHo pa6ornoBpeMe 3a 3axptrBanero (c Moxp[ roxn trJru rJr[HeH nnacr) Ha Hsxou orxpnrl{ AbpBeHH rlacrn KaroqeHTpaJrElITe r(oJroHu r{ rpeAoBur BeHerL a cbulo ra cr6npan€To n HapexAanero B K}IrIara Ha

ropuBnn Marepniulu npn cr6lroAaBane Ha Hsxou 3aAbJIxI{TenIrr{ H3I{cxBaHHt. Curtalte, veuxsrvalnoro Heo6xoAnMo BpeMe 3a ra3l{ onepaurrfl e oKoJIo 60 pa6omn uaca.

24, IlocmaenHe Ha smopocmenew*urne nodnopu u uspadomsaHe Ha dopeeuama maeaHcKa

KoHcmpyKgu,g. Oneparyrrra e rpyAoeMra r{ cnopeA Irac rr3ltcKBa Ire no-ManKo or 60 pa6ornn qaca: 3a

BTopfiqnure noAnopu E Jrexailsrre Bbpxy rrx fpeAfi - oKoJro l0 r., sa ABere HaAJraxHH rpeA[ -oxo.no 12u.,ta rpe.uopeAa (c s,qur6asaRe na x.ne6oBe no qerrlpure HaAJItxHIf rpeArl) - oxoro 38 .t.

25, Ilepa6ontoave Ha noKpueHama dtpeeua KoHcmpyKqun. B ra3l{ onepaqut e HyxHo Bp€Me 3a

cneArrr{re no-Baxnrr Aeftnocru: BArrraHe r{ yKpenBaHe c [oAnopu na 6uanara cronulla - oxolo 20q., nocraBqHe Ha norpr{BrruTe pe6pa H yKpenBanero HM c noAnops - oxoJro 50 q.. [ocraBtne rt3aBbp3Baue Ha Haupequu ,,rerBn" Bbpxy pe6para - oKono 30.t. Hspa6orsanero na AtpBenaraxoncrpyKrlxr Ha [oKpRBa e ocburecrBr{Mo 3a rre [o-MaJIKo or 100 pa6ornu qaca.

t

55

26. 3auasrBrroxe'ara ,"::#:L{:"#:":6"i!r.:i'f#i,?:,::#r:"::"1;r

#r#,{{:^Tfi*.3ffrflJ;pa6ornn saca. Karo ilil.;;i"Tr-":_turi"oprr-rp"6sa Aa 6"a. or"GH r{ pa3crnaH BrDxv

raBa'cx'r rpeAopeA, Aorry"*"'^rJ-Frx.qara or oue d *. ,ro ra t xy6. -v.

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56

B xurnruero or C.naruna ca or6enr3arrl 3 oco6enocrn, 3a xor{To Ao[ycraMe, qe ca peynrarsa qereHacorreH[ Aeficrsllc Ha crpoxrerfl. n ca cBbp3aru cbc crpeMexa 3a noao6pruane naTOnJTITHHI{' pexllM Ha rllllara npn HanHqHure AaAeHocrlr IIa [pupoArrara EpeAa [I Ha rBnon3BaHurecrpollrenHlt MarepsaJrl{. flrpaara oco6enocr e rroqru KBaAparxuxr rurag rra oronJrrBarrorotrOMeIIIeHI{e' BTOpaTa - aCI{MeTp}IqHUtT IIOI(pIIB C UO-rOJIgMa H3TOqHa IUIOCKOCT, n TpeTaTa -opnerraqntTa IIa xbIIIaTa c JIxIIeBaTa cTpaIIa xrr"r HIOH.

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Teopernuno Bb3MoxHocrHTe 3a nogo6peaaHe Ha ronJrr{Hrrnr 6a.nanc ca HrroJrKo, nafi-BAXIIu OT KOIITO B CIYqA' CA: IIbPBO, Cb3AABAHC HA YCNOBI,IS 34 MHHI{MIUIHO I.NNbIIBAHC HA TOIIJII{HA;BTOpO' Ca3AaBaHe Ha no-roJlfiMa B63MOXHOCT 3a I{3nOJI3BaHe Ha CJIbHqeBaTa paA}Iaqsc npe33HMHI{Te Meceqn n oco6eno rrp€ paHnure cyrpellrHu qacoBe Ha AeHc; Tpero, no-eQr.rxacuu sarq;1raor cryAer{[re nerponeloe.

flpegaug raxa oqepraHHTe 2 rpyrm Koucrpyrrunnn oco6enocrn Ha Kbrrlara u reoper[rrHuBl3MoxHocrr ga noAo6pflBaHe na neftnns ronnl{HeH 6alanc AorrycKaMe, qe MexAy rrx cbrrlecrByBarBpb3Kn. C orle4 Aora3Banero rra re3r{ Bpa3Ku ure aHaJrr{3npaMe noorAeJrHo rpr.rre r(orrcrpyKTnBHr.roco6enocru

l. ITpuftutumertHo xeadpamen ntaH Ha omonlneaHomo noltilet4enue. I]errutr nJraH Ha KaruarauMa yAanxeHa cra6orpa[elloBHAua Qopua, Ho .rp€3 o6oco6xsaueTo Ha eAHo rrcHo noMerrlegne HaceBep ca llocrrrrHarH none 2 ue.nx. floayueno e eAHo HeororrJrrBaHo xJraAHo rroMerueHqe,H3noJI3BaHo npe3 3l.rMara BepotrHo npeAHMHo Karo cKnaA, BKJr. r{ 3a xpaHa. gpes MexAr{HHaracreHa Soprvrara Ha oroflJltBarroro rloMe[IeHr{e e Ao6luxerra Ao KBaApar, xaro BcbrrlHocrMexAI{HHaTa I{ ceBepHara creHa 3aeAHo cbc 3arBopeHoTo MexAy rfx rccHo noMerrleHHe uuar o6qaponc B_ I{3OJIUpaHerO Ha OTOTLICBaHOTO [OMerqeH[re or cTyAeHoTO CeBeprro BJrr{flHt4e.

Hsnecrxo e, se KBaAparlr e Haft-sxonoMxrrnara npanorrurxa 'Qopr,ra 3a oronJrsBaHorIoMeIrIeHHe, IIpn xoero [epI,IMeTbpbT Ha creH]rre My r.r oxJraxAaHero ca nafi-ualxul lo. Karro seqe[ocoq]rxMe, BbrperuHara nJrotrl Ha foJrsMoro noMerrleHr{e Ha Kbrrlara or ClarHHa e oKoro 96 xs. Nr.flepnruerrpbr Ha orpax,qanero My (nrr'aepen no BarperuHara crpaga Ha creHure) e oro.no 39,5 r*r.Axo noueuleHllero HMaIIre_Tot{na xragparna Sopr'ra, npr{ cbrrlara lrnoul orpaxAaHero 6u uManonepnMerbp oKoJro 39,2 u' Pag.nnrara Mexry onruMzL[Hara H pqurnara AbJrxHHa Ha orpaxAaulr{Tecrelru a 9,.1 tj npaKTuqecKl't rfl He BJIoIITaBa rorurrrnrrr{r p€xHM upa H.qeHruqnocrra Ha ocraHaJrnreyclonuxl I l. Tosa o3HaqaBa, ge crpol.ITensr Ha Kbulara e opa3MepHJI [oMeIrIeHneTo, B Koero, or eAHacrpalra, Ha HyxHHTe MecTa Aa c'e BMecrtr BcHt{KH Heo6xoAnr"rn cbopr,xennfl, a, or Apyra -AIJIxI{Hara Ha creHI'ITe,4a ocraBa MHHr{MaJrHa c oco6eno ($ynrquonanub) yae6ercBaHe KbM ceBep.

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3' Opuenmaqua Ha dtrcama oc Ha ilcultut4emo I nocoKa Ccn-rcrc3. Tosa o3HaqaBa, qeSTCHATA, IIPI{OTE 3A JITIICBA, UIEAA Xrr*I I,IIOZ. BIS OCHOSA HA IIT,ITHPAHHTE AAHHI,I 3A Bb3MOXI{ATAcJrlHqeBa Pa&ta\ns r Co0uficxoro [oJIe B 3aBI{cI{Mocr or nocoxara r{ HaxJroHa Ha brsnpueMarrlaraparnRnal l5 xanpanRxMe I{3-rIHcJIeHlIt, Kolrro ca [peAcraBerm s ra6r. VI, vII. Ana-nnarr na ra6-u. VIno(a3Ba' rle K3IIIara or Clarnxa 6u rt'rorla Aa Bt3upueMa o[TuMaJIHo KoJrurrecrBo cJrblrqeBaparoIaqnfl npe3 3nMara' aKo rrxuero i e opuenrnpalro B cer(ropa or H 4o rOrOg 6Op. 3r). rrerlraraopIreHTaIIr'Iff rtv HIOI{ nonaAa B oIrrHMaJrHnriexrop. Agarlusrr na ra6r. vli cnnaereJrcrBa, qecrropeA lryxAara Aa Bl3rIpHeMa MaKCUMaJTHO roJrHqecrBo cJrlHqeBa TorurHHa npe3 paHHr{TecyrpeluHl{ qacoBe Ha 3I{MHI{Te Alrrr Klulara or Clarnna rpr6na Aa 6l.qe op"ari"pu"a c Jrr{qe r<rMc€Kropa or H Ao IoIoI4. Tosu nropn cerTop e no-MaJrbK or nbpBr.s, Ho n3qrJro cborBercrBa Ha

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npn Teper{HoTo rrpo)ruBar{e sa [norr{Ta r{3TOqEO n IOroH3TOrrHO OT rr3CJreABaHaTa rbula Ea

pa3croflrr'e [oBeqe oi tO M Ap]rH crpa,E{ ne 6sxa ygraEoBel1l|rro. Qrrle rloBeqe K'brrrara e 6IJra

pa3nonoxena B Kpafi IIa TepacaTa, oTKlAeTo 3a[oqBa cKnoglT KIM KopRToTo Ha ClarnRcxa pexa'

T. €. rraMrrpaJrr{Te ce B Ta3r{ nocoxa rrocrpofrxn Jrexium 2-3 u no-El{cxo lr He gb3AaBiulu nperpaAa

rrpeA cJrbrrqeBl(Te rbrlrl.O6scnerurero Ha fiocoqenara Maurxa (or cbBpeMelfia ureAna rovxa) oco6eEocr B

opnerrraqrf,Ta Ea rr6ulara EaMrrpaMe B uo3uau[ero Bbpxy rocroflIrHHre (rrn. enr'rnu) BerpoB€ Ea

59

I

ToBa Mscro. flper IlflJrara roAI{Ha, no oco6en-o npe3 3rrMHr{Te Mecerrn, r CoQnftcroro noJre g(oHrperHo r pafioua na C-laruna pc3ro upeo6-raahsar 3a[a,ernre rl ceBepo3a[aAnr{Te BerpoBe,cteABaHI{ or lI3rotlHHre. CpeAnaTa HM cl(opocr e 3-4,5 w,/cnx. IIoHe segrrbx B roAnrrara cecJlyqBar BerpoBe cbc cxopocr 2l-25 u,/cerc, a oKoJIo BeAIrbx ua l0 rorolnH - BerpoBe c6c c1opocr3l-35 u,/cex. rloqra BHIIaTH cHJrIIr{Te BerpoBe Ayxar ot ""*topu-3lg3tii''g""". ""rJ, ".ApeBHutr uaficrop Ha xblrlara or C.naruna e I{cKiur Aa nocraBu norprrBxure nnocKocTr{npn6mmurenuo rep'eHrrrrynnpno Ha rocrorHHure-B^erpose. Tofi.

"il;p;;;;;;Marrgo peuregre,opneurnpafixr{ ABere nJlocKocru sborBerHo rrt'r. 3C3^(rGM cpeAara Ha cexTopa c nafi-a1Tr{Bg'aerpoae) Ir KBM vIIOvt. flo rosn HaTIHH vaftcroptr e HaMiurHJr pr3Ko, or eAHa crpaHa,Bb3Moxr{ocrra cryAeH B63Ayx Aa nponnr(nl npes Qyrnre Mexgy noxpl.rna N $ponrounTe, a, oTApyra crpaHa' onacHocrra nol(pflBbr 4a 6r4e BAfirHar or Bcrlpa ll pa3pyuen. Ocaer rola,opnerrupafi-ru TaKa KbrrlaTa, crporrrenrr nocraBr cpeqy [o-cuJrgr{ff Brrbp flo_MaJrxara rroKpuBnaIurocKocr' I{elNrr [PeAloxeu no-rope aHaJII{3 cBaAereJrcrBa, qe H opueHTarlvsra Ha Kbrrlara orClarnna He e cryrrafiuo ua6pana.flpr,r npoyrBaHero Ha ocrar{Kr,rre or Kr,[Iara s Crar[xa MoxaxMe Aa ycrarroBr{M caMoalraJln3HpaHnre 3 oco6eHocrrl, KoHTo ca Harvrepunn orpaxeHr.re B [Jrana ir. Brslro)ino e crpogTeJrf,T

I1_1 _"IoT"JI B ll3rpaxAar{ero Ha nocrpofiKara H Apyrr rl$en sa no4o6pxaaHe rra rouruHnus ioaJIaHc' I{o MarepHuUIHH ocraHKll or Te3I{ eBeHTyaJt:aH oco6euocrx "e 6cxa pergcrpgpaHn.

nonpABKr4 r{ noAA}pxAHE HA KbruATA

flo rpeue na Qynxquonrlpanero Ha xrlnruqeTo B HeroBara KoHcrpyxqur c€ r{aJrarar ficKou[o[paBxH' Kaxro nocoqlrxMe, crpoETeJltr Ha Kbulara pas6npa orqe npll noAroroBxaru "u

t"p"ru,rIC H3TOIIEATA NOJIOBIIHA HA OIPEACJICIIOTO M'CTO TPX6NA AONbJIHHTCJIHO AA CC YKPEIIX C NI{JIOTH.Brnpexn Bcu.IxH B3ern MepKIr BeposrHo roAr{rr' cJreA [ocrpo.sBaHe Ha KbuIaTa B K)ror{3TorrHararlacr Ha [o'4a ce notBsBa nJmEarHHa. Tc rilvla [ocora, npr6lnsxreJrHo or n3Toqnur rpafi xa orBopa3a Bpara xbM c€BepoH3ToqHXt srbJl lra roJlrMoro floMerqenne. TasE nyrHarr{Ha He AoBexAa Aopa3pylxaBalre Ea uocrpofixara, Ho cBHo o6egnoxossa o6urarenxre n. Karo cBbp3aHr{ crlpeAorBparxBalrero Ha eBeHTyiurHx nocJre,u{rrn oT ner rpx6aa Aa c€ oqeHrr rloHe 2 .qonrrrnurelr*rqrpoureJrlrl4 Aeficrnnc B roJItMoTo rtoMeqenue. HanpaBego e yAe6elenue Ha roxgara crerraH3roqHo oJ orBo,pa 3a Bparara. llsrpa4eno e or 6 crrn6a c AHaM;T6p 0,10_-{,12 r, nr.Ij,Iat"rr-"rJreT I{,qe6elo o6r'ra:anu^c-Lnl{He_H pasrrop (o6p. 2l). ,{uxunara sa lo6anxat" . ouorro l,g0 u, aAe6eaunara li - oxo,ro._OlT t' B iereponrroqHxs A-fln Ha Kaurara e nocraBerra HoBa uognopa. 3aTa3I{ qen ce Hanara Aa ObIe_pa3pyurego xpoMengoro croprxeuue (rano npurrunara e n3rnexAaJracepuosna)' .{tp-seHnff cru6(c.qiaverrp-.qoty A,l7 vr) e na6ur B roxHxc li- ru

""oprxeHr{ero -y:::T-t3^101qaue Ha 6paruuoro, Ha 4u6o'runa orono 0,70 ru. p"rpit"i*oio "r""r-nqe Haopa[rHo e 3a[]JIHeIro c I{3Ar{raula ce v, I{aA HeroBure creHnqKr{ rJrr{Ha (naiovnna or rrbpBoxaqaJrg1rqrroA oKoJro 0,25 ra). E4nncreenoro Jrorxqno o6scHenve Ha re3u AoraJrneHu, KbM HoceqaraKoHcrpyKIIr{t IIa llocrpoftxara @ cBbp3ga c eBegry:uno rrpoBrrcBage Ha r{3ToqHxfl TaBagcxr{rpeAopeA' [peAu3BHKaHo or MaKap caa6oro yr.sraHe Ha ocuoBara rroA rorog3TotrHx s Mr Ha

XHJIHUIeTO ulrn or yBerHr{aBaHe rexecrra Ha raBaHcKara Ma3I{JrKa 3aeAHo C OCTapSBaHerO HaHoceullrre r pa3rleneHn rpeA[. Pagcrosnuero or oKoJro 4,45 u MexAy onopHuTe roqxn Ha raBagcKr.rsrpeAopeA B H3TOqHara noJroBHlra Ha rlulara e [peAeJrHO 3a HenoAlpcHa ALpBeHa rpeAa, oIIIefloBeqe c orrrocETeJrHo MaJIXo HanpeqHo ce9eHfie. Toea sacnrBa BeporrHocrra 3a [orBr{Jra ceHeorJroxHa HYxAa or peMoHT' .{onycxarrre, ue roBa e ogbrrlecrBeHo c H3rpaxAaHero HaAonrnuuTeJrga noAnopna rr*rnr s, Harpeqgo Ha AapBegara B rpe,qopeAa. Ta:u rnmlice ctc.ron or 2IroBI{ no,qnopu (urecrre crrrr6a, Bbpxy KoHTo ssuo e 6u-rra nociasexa o6qa *rau if"au }r noAnopara4o ueqra) H nsraula Blpxy rsx Allrra rpeAa. Bcrqnocr ra3u rpeAa (nnu aepolrso 2 no-xrclrrjMoxe,qa ce onpe Ha BeHeqHara rpeAa Bapxy MexAHrrHara cTeHa, Aa MEHe HaA rpeAara or ceBepHaraHanpeqHa onopua lr\trnfl, cneA ToBa HaA Apyrara noAo6na rpeAa oT loxgara HalperrHa onopgarEHHc I{ Hal(pat Aa JIerHe Bbpxy HoBara onopa Ao roxr{ara creua (a aepogxo e MHH€ura r{ HaAIoxHara BeHeqHa rpe4a), Ho 6er Aa * orAaBa AonlJrrruTeJrrra te*ect io6p. 29). fa*u

"o"uilHaAJIbxHa rpeAa (u-nn rpegu) ce auecrBa B cllcreMara Ha AoJrHoro HrrBo or MexAyeraxHarapaBIrHHa H t yrpenBa rlpe3 HaMarcBaHe lra Ilo4n_o-pHoro pa3crocHne B [3TorrHr,rs F,fln HA rpeAop€Aa ,

- or oxoJlo 4,45 u ro Aocrl{ra Ao oxolo_3,50 M, -- npn6mr3r{reJrno *on*oio e [oA[opHoropa3crotHue Ha 3anaAHI{c Atr or rpeAopeAa. flocransnero Ha rlcra Hocerla rpeAa, xoflTo Aa onnpaAo ABere KbcH creHH Ha rorcMoro [oMeIrIeHHe, e rexHuqecKn noqrn Hen3[aJrrruMo. 3arosa ro*" iace AonycHe I'I3noJI3BaEero lra 2 ,W!.n. Tosa o6aqe nocraBr Bbrrpoca 3a H€urtlqnero rra Halpeqga

60

noAnopga rpeAa r{ 11pg3 cpeAHara qacr Ha xuJIHuIeTo, KtAeTo rt BgblrlHocr H€ e 6I{Jra lryxlra Ao

To31r ;oMeni. Huft-seporreH r{3rnexAa BapHaHTtr c rpeAa, Abnra o(ono 9,20 u (r'aa-nro no-Alnraor pa3srorguero MexAy ABere HoBlr noAnopn). Tr 6n r"rorla Aa MHHe MexAy ceBepHara HanpeqHa

rpe.[a I{ TaBaHa, Aa AOCTIITHe AO MexAHHHaTa CTeHa H ToraBa Aa Ce BbpHe Ha3aA, MIIHaBaftKH HaA

oitanunrte 2 no4nopnv nr:a:nr4tz^. nocrascHero Ha AbpBeH crrn6 B xpoMeJrHoro ccop6xelrHe ce

rraJroxltJro, oT eAHa crpaHa, nopa,{u roBa, qe lroBolo€TaBeHara EaArBxHa rpeAa He AOCTI{raJIa AO

Mex,qr{HrraTa crega, a, oT Apyfa - flopaArr HexeraHl{eTo Aa 6lAe AonanHHTenHo HaToBapeHa

CeBepHaTa l{anpequa nOArOpHa nu:anc' Taxa IrJIrr IIHaqe 6eSCuOpnO e' qe rrO BpeMe Ha

cbrqecTByBaseTo Ha KbrrlaTa B Hefl e R3BbptueH cpaBIIuTenHo TpyAeII I| oTroBopeH peMoHT'

Kru nonpaBxHTe rpr6na Aa ce orHece I.I flocraBtHero Ha BHcoK npar B orBopa, ocraBeH B

MexAr{Hgara creHa (o6p. l0). Tosn oroop 6ru rpaueqoBr{AeH, tBHo rrflM€ul Bpara, a ce 3arBapflJr c

HcxaKBo rurarHo ttnlr ioxa. Oxagra ce b6are, qe or HeorollntBanoro (xaxro ue cro6uIHM no'rrarar31, r{3noJr3Bago [peAuMHo sa pa6orurnulla rr cKnaA) c_eBepuo noMelqeHl{e rrpouxKBan cryAeII

Br35yx. iluno*trno ce na 6"ue nocrpoen Bxcox flpar lr rosa 6xao ocblrlecrBeHo qpe3 sa6unauero Ha

3 xrin AbpBera rro Jrnnurra Ha creuara. Te ca npenll€Tenu c IrtKoJrKo nplqKrr r{ ca 3aMa3alru c

rJrr{HeE pa3TBop, Ta(a qe ce noryqaBa rrpar c nncoquua 0,62 u u Ae6eluna, paBna na Ae6enunara Ha

crerrara Ha roBa Mrcro - oKono 0,16 rvr. Oopuara My ctorBercrBa Ha Soprtaata Ha orBopa -TparerloBrrAna. flpu yuurqoxrrreruus noxap rparbr ce orAent lr [orsra Blpxy no.4a Ha rorcMoronbr"qe"rne, cna6o ce H3nr{qa orrope, a orAoJIy nocrenelrno (c reverule Ha xl{JrflAoJlernrra) ce cJrIrBa

B rrer{3neqeggTe 3aMa3Kr.{ Bapxy no4a. I{enucr nparoB Ktc fiMa xrnro-xa$xna (na Mecra Ao

xepeMr{Aegorepnena) noB}pxEocr 3a pa3Jrl{xa or AoJrHara rlacr na ao6pe u3neqeHara Ao qepBeno

MexlttrHna gTeHa.

Clerure or [oAA]pxanero [r xuruerrrr3r{paHero Ha Kburara ce ga6eJrcsnar ccno na 2 uecra -ToBa ca rroBapxgocrrrre Ha [oAoBara n raBalrcrara Ma3HJIKa. flo.(sr e 3aMa3BaH none 50 rlarr -ToJrxoBa cJror urnrreurr 3aMa3xrr 6xxa npe6poexs B npoSnaxre B IIeHTptuIHara tlacr Ha Kbulara(o6p. 18, 22).TauAe6enuuara Ha BropfirrHuf, ruracr Bbpxy noAa Aocrlrra0,26 M, a B nepu$epNrra,ocobeno B roro3ana4mnfltr rorou3ToqH[fl brbJr - Ao 0,12 rrl. fmlRenusr pa3TBop 3a 3aMa3xI{Te e

lpaBelr c [oJnMo KoruqecrBo roBex,qfi r{3npaxneHuc. Aro ce no3oBeM Ha I{3xa3aHoro or ,(x.Menapr rBapAellue, qe 3aMa3xlrre Ha noAa ca Halractnu exeroAuoll8, MoxeM Aa [pueMeM, qe

rtcJreABarrara Kbqa or Clarusa cLqecrByBa noBeqe or 50 roAI,IHu. Toga e MI{IrrMaJIeH cpo( 3a

Ir3AtpxJrlrBocrra rra ra3n KoucrpyKrlllr. flrpnonarlarH[cr TJruHeII TaBaHcxI{ trJracr c Ae6eanna0,12; HocH cneAnre Ha oKoJro l0 AonrlsureJrsl{ 3aMa3BaHrrc c o6ua Ae6elusa 0,08 u, r. e. B

trocJreAHur eran or cbrrlecrByBalrero Ha rllrlara raBalTbr Aocrlrra.4e6ernrna (usvepena B u3TotlHaraMy noJroBr{na) oxolo 0,20 r"r. ,(e6elxre rrJracroBe 3aMa3KI{, ocBeH rle ca [p€AHa3HaqeHH 3a

noA,(bpxaHe It xxrrleHrI3HpaHe Ea H3nOJr3BaHaTa TaBaHCKa IUIOUL B CbIIIOTO BpeMe BepOtTHo ca

npe,q{3BH1agrr or xeJrannero sa uo4o6pxBane Ha ToTLIIHHHLII 6alasc na nocrpofixara (xaxro npes3uMara, TaKa H npes lxroro).

Equn sHA rroAApaxxa, xoftro He e [pflKo 3acBnlereJlcrBan, e exeroAHoro (?) Ao6a,gcHe Ha

Jrr{MeqoBa cJraMa nrpiy noKpHBa. flo Aannu or rpa.elryroHHara HapoAHa Kynrypa roBa e o6uqafinarrpaKTrrKa. Krv rasu IlAer Hu HacoqBa ]r foJltMara Ae6elana Ha IIeneJIHHt luracr or noKpnBHoronorpur11e - oxoJro 0,20 r"r. Tosa N{oxe Aa 6r.qe pByJITar caMo or H3rapcnero na 4o6pe ynnlrnexcJraMeH fIJracT, xofiro IIbK ce uoryrraBa [pu HenpeKbcHaTo 3arlrr{BaHe lra exeroAHo cMeHsIIIHf ce

uafi-ropeu cloft na floKpr{Brroro rroxpr.rrr.re, 6es o6ave ro3u 3arl{Hsaul croft la 6t4e cBaJItH ornoKpr.rBHara KoHcTpyKqIrt.

Haxpax rp.n6aa Aa Ao6asHNa r{ HeMr{HyeMHre [olpaBKI,I no Ma3lrnKara or BlHIIrHara crpaHa Ha

cregr{Te, Kor.rro ca r{3JroxeHr{ nprxo ua aruocQepHn BrnsHux. Bepoxrno uafi-qecro ce HaJIar€uIo

no.qJrerr.rne B AonHara qacr Ha creHHTe, 6ruso Ao ocHoBI{Te IIM'

t Jlanxx, B. 06 ocnoasoi renllenqxr B pa3Brrrn xn:roft apxurerTypu._- P..Pexoncrpyxqnt ApeBsHx

o6qecrse6lrux orxourenrfi 11o apxeororgy@xl{M MarepilaraM xnnulq n nocelenxfi. JI.' 1974' 8-9.2 OnpeAelrxeto e rranpu"i"o or Elena ,{,overa - feororn'{ecxo npelnpsflTxe ra aa6oparopnr H3cre,IlBatJrlfl -

Codrr,f, 3a xoero * 6laro.uaPr.-"*'-i C;;;;;.-H. P".ttt"n"Ere orHorrrenrr r CoQnicxaralIonHHa" - Ion. CoQ. ynrn. Arp.-nec. Qar.' 14' 1937'g-37.

4 CreQaroa,8., A. Fauren, Aexapoloruc. C., 1958, c. 451; Ianren, A. Eorarxra c Aer'(potornr. C., 1980'

c.326; Es.rea, C. Arpsecrno3xaHne. C., 1984' c. 14-5 flar taM, 2M-273.6 E I o r,r r n x c r, C. Kpecrlrxcrue nocrpof,Kx pyccrrrx, yKpaHHIIeB x 6e.nopycon. - Tp. I4ncr. erxorpaSnx. s. c., 3 I ,

1956, c. 75, l3l-132.r Coxoarcrnf;, H. .(eperoo6pa6arLrDaroluee p€MecJro B al{rrrlHLlx rocyAapcrBax Cenepnoro flpurepuovoprr.M., 1971, 40-4l.''

'ixser, E., n. Kocros. Ooroar Ea t€conon3yBarlero" C', l98L' c' 27'

6l

e, E n r e r, E. Ilrr. cb.r., c. I 15.

r"."::f;it'fr"I;B{:,1i,:1,-ri-"n, M. Kara' I ap. .(epeafirxue KoHcrpyruru. M.-rr., 1e52, 135-136;rr Eu.rer, E. I{nr. crq., c. f-gi.12 Exret,8., fI. Kocroa. I{rr. ct.r., c.96.13 3a ngaoxeuara B ro3H a6raq urQopvaurr Bx. EH.res, E._(q,9rr., 105-110, l15, llg-119, 157, 247,273.ra Kalnsror, P. Auaronrn"

"" r"i"oro c.rl.Hrponorar. C., 1969, c.2({..r5 C_reQanoB; 8., A. rax"es. fr;;.;""., 405_406.r6 H3no'[lsave ro3' TepMrIt B lu,,pornt My cM[sbJI, rrf xaro ,,r,,Hara e caMo eAHa or cbcraBK'Te I{a norxo.qrrrlara3a crpolrreJlcrBo flpacr' gbArpxaqa B pa3Jrl{qHa sborHoujeHllf, qaKLJr' ntgbx, Ont n""*, tn"" l*-,1 " rnnna, B rognKoHr-rroMepar rJrHHara aeficraa Karo cB6p3Baur x saf,_raxa, *orno"ini.

-u,u""lL.oi!"|,i,t;A3,, tt$;:"" orientale. L'a.ct itecturei; P;ilii.ient Ancien des origines au milieu du euatriime

rE flar rav. c. 49.re flax rav, c. 51.

"---^jt--n*yrlBaHero e EanpaBeHo or f- B;lagrMnpoBa

- xepaMrx-pecraBparop s AuM npn 6AH, sa roero ionarolapt.

,ur-rll.outenche' o' Dictionnaire illustr6 multilingue de I'architecture du proche orient Ancien. Lyon, 1977, p. llg,

22 Aurcnche, O. La Maison Orientale, 53_54.23 flax rau, 52-54.

**.'uaf6l,liTi"n?;l;lif:"4:tl-*xra Ha roxprBa Ha Hrxo' xruruura npe3 Heon'ra r x:ln*orr{ra n Erarapar. -2s Masuch, A', K.-H. Ziissow. Uberlegungen zur Rekonstruktion bandkeramischer H6user. - In: FriiheBauernkulturen in Niedersachsen. Oldenburg. i ig:i p."t+0, auU. -A. ""-' "

26 Exve t, E. IIrr. crq.. c. 64.27 Masuch, A., K.-H. Ziessow. I{rr. crv., c. 241.28 '{anun 3a Bncoq[Hara Ha cre'I'rre Ha npaxcrop'qec*r{Te xb,,lr{ c rrJrere'a xoHcrpyxqnr or loroxgroqxa Enpona Heca HI{ I{3'""Tux' cnope4 3ana3eHHT€ n ct6opexure qacr' or creHHTe c [JrereHa xoHcrpyrqux xa pauno6poH3o'ureuocrpofixn or Kapara'r'Ceuafircx (3anaana Axaronur)

"""oronutu nu .l.nnoro grpaT:(a'e c€ orpeAen, ua oxoao 2,5 u:rx' w a r n e r, J' The Meqarol-1nd Apsjdql uouse in eairv B.;;; Ae;"testern Anatolia: New Evidence from Karatas. -Amer. Journal of Arch., El, tglg,p. tal. fucovuur{Te Ha creHr{Te sa iruara or rpaAr{urrogHara xynrypa a CpeaHa 3anaAnaErarapur, B.JI' n or 6nso'ero ce-io cnarnsa' ca Mex^y z u i,i; ;;;;."n c_a r3nurHeH, B e,qfiH BapHar{T Ha nJrerer{al(or{crpyxqrr, o6Masala or ABere crpaHl c rJrrr{eH p13rB_opj^1x. <Dporeu, S. Flapo4raia *",quTboOrficxo nper XIX xHaqaroro na XX r. - I4ss. Errorp. uxcr. n uyien, l,'ilU, c.'tZ:i.-'2e H,Itunte ca no3Harr{ oule or HeoJIrrHHre xg.r{Hq p rlpeana Asn", Ho g. Ereicxus pafiou ca perncrpfipaHx e.q'a Bnocrpofixn or 6ponronara-enoxa; nx. Treuil, R. t{ N6oli'thie6;lb B;;; Ancien 6ge."r.Tii p.Jite,o., stratigraphiqueset chro-nologrques, les techniques et res hommes. paris, isgj,

-p.'3'ia.'"--30 rpaneuonx4Hrr Bparl B npancropxqecrx nocrpoftxn-n Ereficrxr pafioH He ca HH no3rrarr{." flprnqnntr Ha BbrperrHara opranrraur{t Ha npaBorr}t'ara /IByraMepHa x?,ura c o6urHoseH rura' e cBbp3BaHeroHa eAHo noMeuleHHe (roero uoxe aa 6rAe onpege,'Ieao *uto rna"noj, ,rp".e*""uuro Ec,nrr,.n 6elesn ra noMexrcHre 3axltB@Ee, c e.q,so o6uxxoBeso.no-Mirnxo noveuqeHrre, Ha xoero MoraT.qa ce npunr.rurar apyrr Syxrqufi, Hai_q@To Ha cx,rraA.Tosx run nocrpoira e safi-qecro

"tnorrr"ia " naorrnr"nt" H xaJrxoJrlrrnr,rre @Jruu{a n flpegxa Asxr (rnn 5 a nox'racusaraqnrra xa o' openur) Ii 3aroBa "a

onp"aarr" or H3cneABaqHTe xaro, y-H,BepcanHa c,creMa 3a nor:Ipa3AeJrrHe HaBbrperxHoro npocrpaHcrBo. cpr. Aurenche, o..La Maison^o.i;"hb;i9i-tsg,zz6-iii;f;;;i R. I{rr. crv., c. 285.:: iilt;#;.tif,uoi de la maison'n6olitique. - sl"".""."rieorogiu, r's6e, N;l, 'ab:ii:,78-'82.

3a Eolornn, H.3aronowep'ocrr{ B r.rcrop'il pa3Brrrr,qpeBHHx Mep Anr{Hhr, npr{MeHrBlrruxc, E crpo'TenbcrBe,3eMneM_e_prlH, peMecne H roproB_le. _ Klio, 49, i967,'c. 3lg.

H.rk";; fl?3; i3"".liLr"-ii $:'i"r1?Tl9'rBalkanhalbinscl und der ostiigiiischen rnserwert und deren Bedeutung riir die

36 Eolotuu, H' (ur' '"'r',3i3-3za' Heo6xoanvo e 4a o6rpxev BHrMaHr{e, qe B Kynrypara c rr.rnefixo-aeHrecrarepaMHxa B Cpegna x 3anaAna Enpona c p€rncrprpana crpoxrerHa rvrepna e.ulnxqa, q[rro Ab,rrxr{Ha e 0,g3 v, T. e. TorrgoaBa nGrn ro-rorcMa or ycraHoBe'ara s craruHa.-Bx. Risch, w. ciu is im NeoiitHku-r;;;-iin[eitliches Baumass?

-f#1,"fj|To""1X'*1t*1,:::7, No 4, 3qrija6 iosn Qari;;&;;;" y*r'i"n. ,u npaBoMepl,ocrra Ha rpe.qcraBe'r{re ryr

37 Exrer, E. I{ur. ctq., c. l19.38 3anocoqeHr{Terro-aoryAaHHr{Bx..{yxos-HHro!, IO.,A.Mareea,C.HeAcrroBr{Ap.Bxcoxocr-r6leug16.O6erraxx, coprrMeHrHn r c6eronn';6r;q;.1i.;'lsr:,

". g, 48;'8g.-'-' "

3e flar rav, c. 89.a0 Be rpror, H. Koncrpvxqfir{.H3-.qepeBa u n.nacrMacc. Mxxcx, 1973, c. li.n' Cp". .(yxonx.rxol;-ro., A. rnla'iee", c. H;;;;_;;';"il'r_{nr. crv., 100_t01.

p. 150. startin' w' Linear Pottery culture gouset, n..onitiu.iion

"nf"vunpo*.r. - proc. of the prehist. Soc.,44, r97g,

ar Hanpareno r c. ,(par,ra, -f,u6o.rrcxo.

o"oo"r,l' 3::ff::il"fffffl#*qeHa or Ir'*roro nn$opr,rarop' or c. Eaeurxuqa, Eraroearpa4cxo, rp. canape sa 6a'tuas Huoopvauxrra ranxa xa I-. Bna;rvHpoBa H B.-Haqesa - KepaMHx-p€-cra-Bparopn s AHM npu 64II, n Hacr'x'c' M' Koaaqesa or FeoQrrxvxrt trHcrrryrnpn EAH. -pr-.-".urlita aa M. Kosaqesa B cbul', roM.

$g5.;;41:HcneHo no trasxxre sa: Eoxro", ft.'Hap""r"*-,iut;;;;;;Kqr paxoBoAsrer Ha crpoxrerHHr o6exr. c.,

n.,.:'",tr[YiSH:tXiiJTffiX'[|!1 ,itii."irt#ffir1or coQxr, 3a xo€ro 'v 6naro4apr. 3a ros' r'n rro{Ba cpB.

a8 Euqes, E. I-lx.r. ctq., c. 19.ae flonon, A. ApxnreKJypHH KoHcrpyKr{Hn. C., 1972, c. 452.s0 3xslrogcxnfi, K o veroaax niy'reuxr AoMocrpo'TenbcrBa nJ,reMeH rpuno*,cxofi xy,,ruryprr.-Marep[aJrLr

62

no apx. Cea. IlprrepxoMopbc, 8, 1976' 36-38 u ulr' nlrr'51 3nnlxogcrufi,^K.'3HaqeHHe MOAen[poBaSHr B HCJIeAOBaHHH OCTafiOA nOCTpOr HarocereHn.cx rpuno:bcxof,

*yrr"typ",--B: Apxeonorxv@xue noMtTHnxn Ceaepo-3anaAl{oro flpavepxouopsr. Kues, 1982, c' 24'52 3nsrxoncrnfi, K. HosHe AaHHhre x perogcrpyrutxr rpItIIoJIbcxHx xnJrnur.:- CgB.apxeororu, 1973' ifg I'

117-149;.(o upo6neuu rpunilrcrxoro xxrno6ygyaaHrr. - Apxeoaorir, 15, 1975, 13-22.t3'Cpa. ilner, E..{or,rocrporrerbcrBo H ruraEupoBra rpYlglrc.Iflx nocelenufi (no lrareplaaaM pacronof, B

c. Itrxaporxi). - B: 3xeorlnr r 6toH3oBoi oer Vxpannu. K-nen,^1976' 49-50'i* 3 nx r x o s c r n i, K. 3naqexrre Moa€nrpogaHw. . ., 24-32.55 Kynrcrra, O., H. Ay6iurxa. Ey.u,iae,ruri _uarepianu rpini.irrcrxo xyrlbrypll (xiuiro'rexuolorisxe

aocniaxenui). - Tpnninrcbxa xyrlbrypa. l. Kxin, 1940, 325-334.56 Pnxuax,'3. Xu,'rHu{e rlner,,tex.repmxoncxofi xynbrypH.{necrpoacxo-flpyrcxoro MexAype{bfl. - B: ,{penxee

xu,rrru€ HapoAoB Bosroqnofi Enponu. M., 1975' 56-5'1 .

s? Koraqesa, M. Apxeor*arxrrrno u3creABaHe Ha xgJrnluero (-1 crgqr rorrr),. ra6:r..., I. ^s8 Malinovi,-n.-1. t'rp"rninky na minulost aneb experimenty_odhaluji tajemstvi pravEku. Ostrava, 1982' 29-30;

Coles, J. Erlebte Steinzeit. Eiperimentalle Archiologie. Mtnchen, 1973, 6l--4.-----itrupnJe", r.. ri. s6n"-"*o", M. Kaian r 4p. lqT.cbrri: c.61,66; Bcrprox, H. LIxr. cr'!.,29-30.co 4ruor, I-. Ileopranxrna xnMrqtra rexxoJrorlr. C" 1973' c. 533'ot HarprsaHeto

"u itrra"rs 6ro1 6e111e r3Bap111e11o D eJlerrpuqecxara ncu Ea xepaMaqxoro areJrfie xa ALIM npr

EAH or reparut"*-p"ctaBparopa B. Hacesa, 3a--ro€To i 6aaroaapr'- --- oz f'apnce", I-.,'s. Bln"-"*o", ivl. Karau r.qp. I{xr. qbq., c. 51,87; Elrqea, E. l-(nr. cTr, c. 116, 132-134.63 flonoa, A. Unr. ct'r-' 45H55.* ft"pu.6rip*. tio toi"

""ttpo" ax. y 3xxrxoacrnfi, K. Hosbre,uaHnrre x peroxcrpyruux..', c. 140.

65 SoudskY, B. IIxr. cr'l., c. 69.oo IIepxurlaa, JI. Fnnxenu Mo.qeJrr Ha xqJrrrura or xurroJlrrTa r 6rnrapcxrre 3eMn. - Apxeo:ronrr' 1978' ]e 2'

8-10; Treuil, R. IIur. ct ., c.248, 401--146.-'ai Saoi.eirte.,-n.'zo- tharakter der bandkeramischen Siedlung. -.Bericht,9:.,

n9f' 33' 1951, p. 9O;

Schlette,F. bie eltesten riaus- "na

Siedlungsformen der Menschen (Ethnographisch'archiiolo.gische Forschungen,5).

S"rli;t, isCA, p. 83; Meyei-Ct ii"fi"n, W. DTe Y-Pfostenstellung_in Hdusern der Alteren Linearbandkeramik. - Bonner

t^h;b""[, 11e,;' 3, 5; Startin, W. (ur. cr.r-, 149-150; Modderman, P. Die Bandkeramik im Graetheidegebiet,

Niederl6ndisch-ti-burg. - Bericht der RGK, 66, 1985' 55-56'oe Soudski,, B. [Ixr. crq., c. 68.6e Theochi'ris, Li. Neolitiric Grecce. National Bank of Greece, 1973, Pl. 178, 187.?o flepnrvesa, JI' 3a p€roHcrpyxu{tra..., c' 5l; F.IIIrHeHn MoAeJrI{"', c' 9'7t Treuil, R. Uur. crr., c. 259.?2 Schultze-f ena, L. f,4akedonien. Landschafts- und Kulturbilder. Jena, 192'7, Tat. 44' 45-rr go6pen, I_1. florpnarr Ha crapara 6urrapcxa rrtua. - B: flpo6:rerrrx na 6urapcroro apxr{Texrypl{o

HacneacrBo. C., 1955, 153-187.?a Startin, W. IIxr. crq., c. 149.ts Meyer-Christian, W. Uur. crv-, c.4'76 flonoa, A. IInr. cl'l., c. 231.tt nsapoO;a nn$opva{nr no H3rpaxAaHero Ha clraMeHrire rloxpxBr{ AaJrxa Ha flerr'p Apa6agxner (poA. 1924 r.) or

c.,[,par'ra, fiu6oacxo.-" ,8 'Cps. Mapunoa, A. fpa.unao 3a BerrrecrBeHara xyJrrypa Ha 3ana.{na Ernrapm. - C6. nap. yuoraop', l8-II'1901, c. 17.

?e flepxuvena, JI.3a pexoxcrpyKlrutra...' 48' 50'to FasfopHara o6ocHo"*a no roin Brnpoc_Bx. y. Me_yer-Christian, W. {nr. ccq.' 4-10. Ctuoro MHeIrue

e 3acrbneHo or Souost-!;-g. q;;..u".,.. &; stariin, W. LIut. cbtt., c. 149; Treuil, R. IIur' cb"' c' 257'81 Elarogapr "u

ij*. fl.'Crprcroa o, Haqrnon-r{Hr HHcrl'tryr 3a naMernul$re rta xynrypara - CoQm ra

KOHCyJITaqI{tTa no To3I{ Bbnpoc.Bz 3a.qaxnute, otn*"'"rn ce Ao Ae6eluxrrre r B[cotrI{HHTe Ha rIp€AnoxeHHTe BrB B}3craHosrara.ur6onn AapBera

"x.: 4yxo"iuxon,'FO., A. Mareer, C. HeArlros x Ap. l-lur. crv., c. 8, 88, 90, l0O-101.dt Coles, J. Ilr.rr. ctv., c. 18.8a Malinovi, R.-J. Ilr'rr. crq., c. 158.85 Cenexos, C. Pu""ot"" TexHI{rH B (aMeHHoM sere' JI', 1968' c' 90'86 Coles, J. IIrr. clu., c. 18.87 flax tan.tt iversen, J. Forest Clearance in the Stone Age.- Scientific American, 194,so Startin, W. llsr. crq., c. 154.eo HlqsclennrTa ca HanpaBeHH C[OpeA AaHHfiTe xa HeArlxos, c., P. Paurxon,

Aes,qpo6nowerpnr. C., 1983, 426---431.- er lversen, J. IIvr. ct'r.,40--41.e2 Startin, W. Uur. c6't', c' 154.e3 flar rau.e' flar rav.

1956, 3Hl.

K. Taurxos. Cnpano'rxur no

e5 Coles, J. I{ur. crq., c. 53.e6 flar rav, c. 55.or Hia".n.os, C., M. MapnHor. Hrrou gr,paecurr BnAoBe c Baxno HapoAnocronaucxo 3uaqeurc. C.' 1956'

176-179: Eurer, E., II. Kocror. I{nr. clv., 148-149'eB flo r3qxcleHr{r cilope.( AaHHI{Te tra: ieuenos, C., f. Kopo6xoaa. Texno.norux aperueiurax lpor$BoacrB

(uetolnr - sxeolrr). n., 1983, 85-87. Ha c. 84-85 ca IpI{BeAeHI{ IaIIHx 3a oul€ eAIrH oIIIIT' Ho BepotTHo npl{

ny6nHxysaHero HM e AonycHara rpeuxa.' 'ic S t a r t i n. W. tlxr. ct.r., c. 155.loo flar tav.ror flax rav.102 flax rau.lo3 IIax raM.

63

ilI. BITPEIIIHO YCTPOIZCTSO

cpeg ocrarrr,rre Ha unoro6pofiHr{Te xr{Jilrura or apeana Ha KynrypHre c pHcyBalra KepaM[Ka B

fOaonrio""a Erpona ca flpoyqe'H H -pa3nnrl'I'l B[AoBe ''ocroc'H'

cbopbxeHsc' H3fpa^e''r't'

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peJrr{ruo3'o-M'Tororsrr'ara clcreMa, ia- coqnaruara opraHl{3aurls' Ha paHHo3eMeAeJIcKorot"fi;;r;;.-Mnoro or cr6pannre Aaurrr{ o6aqe ca ny6ruxynaHn rBbpAe Kpafio. Karo npaBrlrlo

Jrr{[cBar nnrocrpaqun. Or Apyra atpu"u, "unt"outi Nnsoprraaunt

-ce u3qepnsa o6'rnoBe'o c

[ocoqBaHe Mecrara IIa [eur' 3bplroxpanrrrnlqa I{ eBeHTyaJIHo Ha rlnuo6nrga uouaAKa' KaKTo I{ Ha

cbBcgM XparKI'I MerpI{qHU AaHHI',I 3a rfx'----'ft"rri;ra or CrraruHa AaBa B!3MoxHocr 3a cpaBlrltreJrlto IrbJrHo pa3rJrexAaHe Ha Barpertr-

noro i ycrpofrcroo *uio oonii"exc, xofiro Moxe Aa cnyxr{ KaTo BaxeH r{3Bop 3a B!3cTaHoBcBaHe Ha

pa3nnqHr,r gTpaHH or AeftnocrTa fi HAeoJloruqecrara c[cTeMa Ha ApeBHHTe ri o6nTarelx' Kaxro

6eure noco.IeHo orue B HarritloTo Ha EacTof,uloTo H3CneABaHe' B IC:6IIIaTa ca ycTaHoBelru ocTaIIKn Ha

loBeqe or ABe gyrr"i"iopi*""nc. Te rr\e 6rAar np€AcraBeg[ no'I{aAoJIy u rqe HaIrpaBHM orlur Aa

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Ha ErKor{ uo.FxxHr.t HaxoAKH, xor{To ca 6iIU BbB Bpb3xa cbc cbopaxelluflTa I{ KOHTO CIIOp€A Hac

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flper rOsu flepr{oA B cbcToffHuero Ha i"oprxest'ttra ca HacTblI{JII{ npoMeHI'I

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ca EanPlBeHI'r tlp€3 JIeI{Tecra rexHl{xa or rrxHa c Msoro

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rpy6o 3arnaAeHa ;;-;;.;; "tf"*u. Karro roBlpxgocrra I{M, raKa u Ilnnara uu re6eluga nMa

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cJIeAIr or urrreH3ltBHo rop€He, npil xoero HcKou rlacrg or creHure ca u3neqenll AonbJrHure.ilno. Tosa

@ OTHaCT AO ceBepgaTa r{ 3a[aAHaTa cTena, KoI{To ca Ao6HJrI{ qepBeII qBfT' a I{3ToqIraTa H IoxHaTa

ca [oryrrgrH paBHoMepeH sepeu qscr. Haft-AoJIHara qacr Ha 3anaAHara crena e 6lau;^a qacrHqlro

uoxpllTa c BTopHrrHu rroAoBI{ 3aMa3KH H [eneJl H 3aroBa e 3ana3nJra [cpBoHarlartfirfl cll raQ9B qner

- 6ener sa cra6o [bpBoHaqaJrHo n3[uqaHe. ,{rnoro e cpaBHI{TeJIHo paBlro, qepHo B lorol{3TotlEvtfl tr

*ap"""o-*"Srno r ceBepo3araAHss Arr, roqru JrIIncBar [yxHarHHn. .{e6emrnara My e oKoJIo 3 cM,

no " n"p"ftpgrra ce yBeruqaBa rr raM orBbrpe ce sa6moAaBa ILIIaBerr npexoA xbM creHrrre.

MarcuualnaTa 3arla3eHa BI{COqfiHa Ha 3bpHOxpaI{Hn[qeTO e OxOJTO 0,50 u' B nero e IMaJIO

3HarrgTergo Kor[qecrBo 3bpHo, ocHoBHara rracr or Koero e lBroptna. OsrrreHa 3spHeHa Maca c

TefJro 17 rr e cr6pana B rorou3Torrnfiff Acr Ha cbAa. B ner upeo6JraAaBar 3bpHara or eAlro3bpHecr Il

ABy3tpHecr JrHMeq, AI.rBa e.qHo3tpneuKa u MaJrKo MeKa nlrreutlqa, cMeceHH cbc ceMeHa or 6o6os[(yJrryp[: Jreula r rui'*o.ny-n"u. B rrpuoxpanuJrnurero e HaMepeH H MaJIbK sb[sa nsrpe6nane na

3'5pgoro - Kyna c uony-cQepuuna $opr*.ra, c qepBena anro6upaua u u3JrlcKaHa rroBlpxHocr(o6p. 33 2).' 3tpioxpaHurtu4e 6 (xar,r6ap) - ro HarrfiH Ha I{3rpaxAaHe lr no Qopva ro e eArHcrBeHo B

rrqara (o6i. l+). Orlopr,reno e qpe3 AbroBHArra creHl{qxa, xo.f,ro 3arpaxAa }oxHHc brbn MexAy

r{3roqgara H uexrunuara cresa. flopa.un cneqn$uunara My <popua H no-roJIeMHTe pa3MepH

CMflTaMe 3a yrv{ecrlr6 Aa ro HapetteM xav6ap. Cenepxara My CTpaHa e AlJIra OKSJIO l'70 u,

O6p. 32. Ilrau na ,curw4emo npa nbpaun eman om He?o6omo cbulecmrysaHe: I - itpnoxpaHu'rw4a; 2 - rrr4; 3 - ozun4e: 4

-.cbop;tceguttron"r"ni 5-ittuuofilumuantot7adxa: 6-rctcanxu: 7-dynxuomveHmparttrumeHocel4uKoJToHu;8-dynxu

om |mopocmeneturnne nodnopu; 9 - uncmo 3a ^epmuKarr\ua

mbKaqeH cmax: I0 - xpoile.rcH t<aA46K; II - aoptctceque 3a

afluputc xa 1pawxomo; 12 - uodea xa )rcurtut4e: 13 - ucepmaeHa aila

67

O6p. 33. Kepanuuuu aloae, Ha.uepeHu caomaemHo 6 36pHoxpaHurtu4a 3, 5, 7 u 12

IBroq'ara - oKoJIo l'60 u, a,qaroB'Axara- oxoJro 2,80 u (rrrpeurnn pasrraepn). flaronngnarasreHl{qxa e lr3rpaAelra Bapxy lroAa r P-u!l"l" * ca npunereHr xlM ieqe nsrtagagrrre cTeHE.ornasalo or rrmna e nanpaiena oclroBa-c npu6nasrre.nno rp*rrrrno Ea[perl'o ceqerr'e, umpn'aaory 0,25--{,28 r'r n sncosuna oroJro 0,20 r"i. B roslr-,,"T;,l ca ua6oAens i .qe6e.nnr rpaft Ha.uonvr'bHxlt upbllxf,' pa3crotl{EeTo MexAy xollro e 0,5-2.t-r"ri*.qy npbqrrre

"" ""6og.#A'6;";ixHTHrl pacre'rt' qpes nanpeq'u npls*u e o0opuex p"ll-"_ri"at, xofiro e oonaasa" or ABere crpa'Hcf,c cL'qlpxa[Ia MHoro pacrltTeJnrr-npur'reCn -rnrlni. .{e6ernruara Ha cTeguqxaTa ga.( ,,Bara.. eoxorlo 7-8 cu, a rope - orolo 4-5 cM. Cnop.a

-cOl&re Op".*r*i #.'"ilur" 6xaa nucoxao*orro 0,80 r'r r rope 3aBbpruB:rna cbc gaoo.iei' ;;ii-iil Bp€Me Ha y'r{ulox'rerrHrrfl noxaD Bxav6apa u3rapt 3HarrETerHo (oJT[tlecrBo 3apno, neuerra or xoero ocraBa raro Ae6ea 6sr [r-acT(7-8 cv) no 4rnoro Ea cbop'xe'lrero. B:6;;;;".iJ" n."BuA'ara cre'Eq*a c€ r*rreKrra ro-Ao6pe r go6r'ua qepBe' qixr. flpr c"oip"xiio

- r" -i"'.u"r

a Tfl e qacr'rr'o pa3pyue'a -Maxcl{M:ullrara 3ana3eHa no lPerue Ea pa3KonxHTe BHcosHEa e ororo 0,40 cu. B nenerra se caycrauoBenu roAun ga nareo6oranfiqecxo [3cne,qBaue 3aprra.3tpnoxpauutuule 7I{Ma rpaneqoBlrAHo HalpeqHo ceqenxe. Hlroqnara creHa e AsJrra 0,76 u,3anaAlrara

- 0,64 M, a pa3crorE'gro MexAy rsx e 0,74 n. rlr.pu.{.Eo e Btpxy rbrrbK (oxono 5 cu)rrJracT or BTopnqHtr rroAoBH 3aMa3xr{' Crerurre ca HanpaBena qpel Jr€IITecra Texrilma or nrrga cMEoro pacrlrreffrE nptrMecn n ca cla6o tr3uerreHl. 4a6er*"ara EM e oKoJro z,S-3,5 cM, anoBcpxHocrra IrM or ABere crpalr' t TXYi..qf6^"1.-t.p"ana. ,(ornait;; or crenure (4oBllcowl'a 0,lH'18 rra) mr'ra xa$rn qnxr, xoftro narbpe npernrnnana B rrepe'

- pgynrar or rroxapaB Ktlrlara' .{ruoro e Earryxa'o n, EepaBEo, Ea Mecra e ialrassano BTopr{ nrr. ,{e6eanuara rrry e2'5-3 cu' MaxcnuilrHara 3ana3elta rncoslrna Ha 3rp'oxp.uflrnuulero 1i-rorou:iorr'n My rru.u) eoroJlo 0'44 u' B nero e- orftpl{Ta caMo eAHa MaJtxa ryna c xaSrna anro6xpana [oBbpxEocr - 3axsnpe6naae Ha 3rpuo (o6p. 33 3).

SbpHoxPaHuttw4e 8 trMa IIpaBuJIHa lTlrptTpansa Soprrra c tr3Ayrtr HaBbH creHtr. .(nnxnnarauy e 1,04 u (C-IO), a "nprnira - 0,74

'* (H:ai. nft;;;"u crerra c nocoxa H3roK_3ara.rr ro

68

pa3AeJrr HA 2 1aacTs.B gboTnorxe wre 7 i6 B llon3a Ba IoxHaTa. I{Srpa,ueno e Bspxy TsHbK (OxOno 5 Cr"r)

rrJracT oT BTOp[qHr{ noAoBr{ 3aMa3KH. crenure ca HanpaBelili qp€ JIeETecTa TexIrEKa oT rJI}IHa C

pacr'Tenr{tr ,rpn r""". 416"oo"_"ra sM e oxoJro 1,6_2 Cr"r, a nonipx'ocrra xl"r e Ao6Pe 3a',laAe*a'

br.nnre MexAy "ra*tl"u "llaOo yleOeJrerrn orBbrpe, oco6euo npx ocEoBara. Mex,urHHara creEa

Ea 3bpgoxpagrlJrulrlero e npl{Jlene-In KIM ABere crpaHurlH[ cpel Ao6pe I{3pa3eIIu pa3luflpeufit'

o6opr,rsud ctqo gao6lemr rrrnr. Ha uecra crelrtrTe Eoctr cnerure Ha nbpBoHaqaJr'oro ctr Jroilo

r3nr{qane *u$"" rIBrT; Ea Apynd MecTa ca onyIrreHn x ca Ao6nnrr B rlflraTa cn Ae6elusarrepeg UBflT, IIo ne n nO-AO6pO xsunuane; CaMo C€BepEaTa sTeIIa e BTOputIHo IBnerIeHa AO qepBego'

,{inoro Ha qqloTo 3tpnoxpanr{Jrrrule e c[JIHo l{anyxano r{ noqT}l HaBcsrbAe e i{3[eqeHo BTopuqgo'

,(e6enrurara My e oxoio 2'ct"t, lto vpes uefinoro yrennvaBane B nepuQepnxra ce oQopMc nIaBeE

trpexoA xbM crerrrrre. Maxcuuarxara 3arra3eEa Br{coqr{Ha Ha 3tpHoxpaHuJlulrlero e 0,48 ru. flperot

yHuuIOxHTeIEfl.s noxap ClOptxeHHeTO e 6n.nO nlJIIlO sbg 3bpHo, KOeTo B rOJItMaTa cu qaCT e

r6roprno. B cenepnnx AAr fla sbAa e cl6paua oBbrJIeHa :tpuena Maca c Teulo 0,5 xr' cscros ce

CaMO OT 3!pga Ha erIeMHK. HxrOlrorO xHTHu 3aplla Ca [OraAHaIfi TaM flBHo ClyqafinO Or

gbceAEoro 3bpHoxpaHl{nHlrle.3tpuoxpauuttuule 9 I{Ma oBaJIHo Hanp-erlHo ceqeune c AIraMeTpH 0,75 u (C-rc) u 0'67 u

(pI-3). l{lrpageHo !-""pii t"urx (oxono 5 cr''r) nnacr or BToptrtIHH noAoBu 3aMa3KI{' Crennre ca

HarrpaBerrH qpe3 JrernecTa TexHRKa OT UItrHa c MHOrO pacTIITeJIEH npI{MecI{ u ca claSo I(3neqeHH'

.(e6enunara I{M e o*o"o f ,S-i,8 cu' flonlpx'ocTTa I{M or ABere crpa'u e rpy6o 3arJIaAeHa ''v*a

aO; q";t. Ha nsKou lvtecra orBbg ce 3a6erc3Bar orAeJIHu qepgg rerHa' roJIyIeHr{ npg roxapa B

xtufara. .{rxotO IIa 3}pHoxpaHIIJI}IuIeTo e gO6pe 3arJIaAeHo' Ho BnOcJIeAcTBIIe I{anyKaIIo'

1.s1;1j11,

{,9;,Xi;::r

xffi

M

#..,,#

$ffi-

*:$

s;.i:yi

s'f: i#,,:. a:,,iili,.: r:t::,f,::,:lt':::: :r-:' $ : : a:',a , a,,'

O6p.34. Ocmanxu om rbpHoxpaHu,tut4a 6,7,8 u 9 (om utmox)

69

,{e6earrara My e ororo 2 cu, xo r -nepnQepuflra

rr EapacrBa u o$opur sao6res [pexoA xbMcreErrre' Maxcrrrannara 3alra3eEa Bnco.rrra Ea cLAa . 6,ri ^r.

-b -r-"ii;J yir""o"."u oBBrre'a3DpHeEa Maca c rerno 62 xr' 3aeAr'-r c'c 3sp'ara or xlrnilr pacrerrru - eA'o3sp'ecr rr ABy36pnecrJIHMeII' AI{Ba eAlro3lpEellra I{ MaJrro MeKA rrureHl{qa, cil ycrarroBeErf rr 3apHa or ooooBH XyJrrypH -Jrelqa' fnylrlHlra E roJrflMo roJmqecrBo cex[pqe. Penrcrprpann ca f, oTAenIm ceMerra or rrneBeJrli -noBeT[qa, nl{nepHqe It eHboBtle.

3epnoxpauu.,tu4e I0 uMa Eanpesuo ceq,entr!!.0opua Ea ycuoperrrr ctc sao6aexa DDrr{ rrI(}Arn{ EaBaE creyL NruxtrEara My e l M (c-rc);'rorp"""r"

- 0,95 v (I{_3). Hsrpa4eao cDbpxy noAa lra uoMelqeEllero' Crennre ca HatrpaBefiI{ or Drr{Ea c MHoro-pacTET€JrEr rrpf,Meclr, acbrqo E c npxMec Ba roJItMo KoJtrrqecTBo nrcrr. ^qe6eJlrnara EM e of,oJro 6 cu, a rloBlpxgocrra nM

rt:ff^Tg,e cLBceM rpyfu 3aruraAelra. Ylv,ar B IIuIara cn Ae6enrra'""pe" oryruerr qBrrITPTAI or yElrqoxf,rerrEat noxap) tr ca rloluo Ircreqerr. A"*;;; t"p"orp"*rrrf,urero eorrrro rarrxo, Earpouru,rro ce u e 3aMilrBarro Aorrl,r'rileJr'o. A"6".il;;;;;,iiL"ore yracruu eorono 5--6 crrr' Marcruaanara 3arrarcHa Brrcoqrua Ha cbAa e oroJro 0,22 u.3rpno B rrero He eycralroBerro. Emrrnqnr 3bpna or eAEo3rprrccr a ABy3Bpnecr JrrrMorl ca rraMepesr o6aqe npa3runpeEEero rra cBrrloro srpnoxparur.mnq€. To e ,rp".rr6rre"o no-rlcHo xrM 3arua npn6lxsrteJrlro c*rrlara A'JD*HEa, a urnprxaia w e oxoJro 0,35 v.

"Hffi#"YfifficpaBERTeJrEo 'qe6ea (orono 0,12 u) IrJIacr or BTopI{qEr ubAosn 3aMa3ru. crernre My rrMar crrqo'qe6elrna oxoJlo 6 crvr' vlsrpaaeo- ca or ,,r,,'a c no-Miulbx nplrMec Ea rrrgbr, Ho lrMarnpn6mrsnrel'o c'uu{r onyuen qepe' qrrr. -f,nRo q-oto 3rpnoxpaErrJrrrrqe noJryrraBa ro3f, rprrnpll uoxapa B KluIaTa. MarcuviulHaTa 3ana3ena Brcoqnua Ea pa3runpemeTo e 0,lZ u.iopnoxpanut"Y'-!!--y!-llosr'

Tpll'n'lser'p'cTpa'na eopva crc gaooreng bum R tr3JrvrnHaBrE xrcr{ crerilr. .{uxunara My e 0,90_ u (c-rc), "

,uopnrara _ 0,66, rn:il. rrl.i#;J;Blpxy rloAa Ea rloMelqeEr{ero. Frmsara e c Mlroro-pacrnrenun rrpnMecn, a irqo u c nprrMec narontMo xoruqecrBo ntcbK' Ctoptxenrero EMa o6ita crena cbc 3apuoxpannnnqe 10. Trfi xarooeBeplrara cTeHa Ha o[rlcBaEoro e cla6o BAaAeEa B cbce.Eoro 3rpuoxpan[Jr1rrle, Beporrgo3lprroxpaxruruqe I I e nanpanexo trtpBo B npoqeca na o6rqoro ngrpai,qane Ea ABara ca.sa. npuTOBa MexAEEIrara cTelra e AOnlJrHRTe'rHO yKpeneEa qpe3 apMarypa or rrfroJrro Beprrrr:rffrrr IIp5qxIrc AE:rMerEp AoJry orono 2 cu, palnonoxenn na 7-8 cu e,qna 6i 4pyra. He e rcxo AaJrr r,"rope cao'nrr R3rursrenn B rur€,r. ,{e6enruara Ea crerrrre Ea cbAa e o.orro ft;. ir;;i;;;" nM or ABerecrpaHlt e rpy6o 3aDraAeEa. vv,al qepex "tryrr*-q; r ca c.na6o

"ioere"r. ,{rnoro na3splroxpaHrulErqero e paBlro' cla6o EanyraEo. ,lie6enxnara My e oxoJro 8 crr,r. (nemr My orrope eqepeE' a IIaAoJry npeMI{HaBa r raQ$. MaronuaauaTa 3aua:}erra Bucotrrrrra Ha cboplxegnero e0'l5rrr' B xero ca ycranoBe'H caMo xcromo 3ap'a or eA'o3bp'ecr H ABy3rp'ecr Jrr{MerI, a c'rrlo HoT ,urBa eAIIO3LpEema.3opnoxpanwtu4e 12 e roJrtM KepaMrrqen cbA c E3Abnxena rbrneBr{Aaa Soprvra. Fopnara rrryrlonoBuna e orqynega f, rrnncBa. llocrasen e rrpxy cpaBrrr{rerruo a.d"r, 1oJafti;* or BropusrrrrtroAogrr 3aMa3rrr r ga cra6mnocr e o6uagan rru no.sa. MaxcnuaamrflT AnaMerbp Ea cbAa e oxoJro0,65 v, a 3ana3elrara rvry BItcoqEHa -.0,4t ;. n#;;;;;:ur'ara My Bncoqrna e 6nna orono0,80 v. Crerxre ca ae6ejrn ororo l,c_l,gcu ;;;".d;E3neqe*rr. br"r" xvar xaorBo_qepna3:lruIa'4elra' a orBarpe qepfla E3JrbcraEa noBlpxflocr. .{riarnrempr'r rra paBrroro n Ae6ero (orono2'5crr'r) [6Eo e 0,22 u. B

-*gu a yat""o""Ea oBbrJre'a 3rpseHa Maca c ierno g xr. oupeAeJre'rrre3ApEa rlpmraAJlexar caMo Ea xlrrErt ryJlTypn: e,unorrpnccr v. ABy3lpEecr JrrrMeq, E,BAeAEo3bplretra u 3a pa3nrra or ocralrarnre 3BplroxpaHrulrrqa - ronsMo rbrmqeqrso 3BpEa oTMera

'oue'I{qa' B *1" c HaMepe'a cbulo eAEa naERIIa cbc crBo-qepna nearro6upa'a rroB'pxrrocr,n3rroJnBana rBrro 3a ryrpe6nane Ea 3bprroro (o6p. 33 4).

3tpnoxpuru.rru4e lj-waa upaaxnna- ,gnxu.qpirxJ 66p*r" c .qtraMerrp 0,g4 u. Hsrpa.ueno eElpxy noAa Ea noMelqeElrero. Crennre ca EanpaBetil qpei nenTecra rexnrrxa oT rJrnta c MgoropacTnrenatr rrpf,Mecg r ca c.na6o rr3ueqe-Hn. ,{e6enuuara nM e oroJro z cr.r. nosrpxnocrra rrM oT.Eere crpaHn e rpy6o 3arnaAega. flrprorararmr", q"", Ha cLAa e 6na xaen, Eo oTyEulqoxurerllrrn troxap noqrH HaEc'xDtre e q3{ar qepBes. Ai"oroT p;";;;'Ao6pe f,3reqegoBTopnqHo' c MaJrn ryrlrarEEn..{e6eno e oxoJlo 2,5 cu,ub n nepn4ep"r.a iao"*"ut" My pmro ceyBerlqaBa n oSopvr^*IaBell-npexoA raM crenrTe. Marcnuaagara 3ana3ef,a Btrcoqa'a Ea3sp'oxpa'I'rl*tq*o.,:,0;t_9 y: flpem yEurqoxrren'n, uoxap "-

fi;6;;;.'Stpxoxpauumwe 14 nva npainrna Trnp{crpanna Qopua c r{3Ayru EaBtrr creEg. ,(uxnuaut'ry e 0,80 u (C-IO), a urnprnira - 0,Zg , fn:ii. fAr-rp'"g.ro e Brpxy rroAa rra rroMeqerrr.rero.

o6p' 35' Irnr ru xuwtto 'w3

amaPus em(n om r*?aEomo cb4eor^ysata: I - opxoxpotum4a; 2 - net4: I - *rrry"}- c*ptxetwn ta 'P'Et:

5 - etwo6unu wwtttadxa: 6 - tcxaixu: i'Jilin"-o^ ,lcttttEa$,nrru Hoca 4u xorrow; E _ dvnruott cmopocmcr,eronone ndnopt;9 - xacma 3a cewraoeJut.B rru<qwx *;*, t6:ffiif i#ifit _ ctoptxexiu taffiupotc xa 6pauonu; I2'- *A"i i'*""&; n _-*;pr;;;-;;,

70

m, m, =,

m, m, m, mm, E, E, m,,m,,N,,8Hf,,,7l

;i,f.

ffi1:.,

,..*I:l

O6p. 36. Kepauuuen ctdmpnoxpauurrut4e c ?oJre.xupa3uepu

Crersre ca Ha[paBe!tr qpqt reHTecra rexl{I{Ka or rJr[Ha c Mnoro pacruTeJrnr{ upr{Meorr. ,{e6enrauaraI{M e oroJlo 2-2,5 cM' a ra{mo-'repHara IaM (or rrofnvno u3rrr{qane) norrpxgocr e rpy6o3aulaAeHa or,rlDere crpaHH. br.nxre MexAy creqnre ca cna6o sao6resn ;;;"i;. ,{rnoro e clrlnoEarporueno, HepaBEo. Hnaa .qe6eauaa 2_3 cu. Hgneqeno e3arra3e'a Br{cos'rra

'na.3-bp'oxpaHr{n'rrrero e oxorro 0,10 ;.3-".n # il;#H;y;J##ffi:Hl3opuoxpauutut4e IS e r.anoro rorcM_KepaMr{qen crA cac

"6.p.":fr" O.fi^ii ,n _"po*o orBop€HonpoSxnupauo HaBrrr ycrue (o6p. 36). 4ua-nrirrpir-r-i'*au !_j,Os ,i f """o"ulrara

_ 0,g0 u.flocragen e 6es Arxo B'pxy noAa Ea noMeurelr'ero H 3a cra6nlnoci o"ro"uru r,ry e o6uaraHaorcrpaHE' .{rnoro (c guar'aerrp oxono 0,40 r.r) "a "

otrra.rnno orqa npll r.r3nuqagero Ha crAa, Koero ecraflaJlo rr3BbE xHJIIilrIero. Hsnrqaxer^o lra crenr{Te e go6po - B rlc.rara cr ge6eml-#-;;-i}f1'8cu re HMar qepBe'o-Ka$ra qnrr. otnrtpcca aooi"lu.Jra4eHr{, ycrnfinara qacr oTB}Tpe HoTBlIl e I|3JIlcKaEa' a AoJIHaTa noJIoBEIla Ha cLAa oTBbII e ocTaBena,rpanaBa. flp* "e";;;;;Bbnrrtsaaz My noBbpxlrocr npeMr{EaBa xopn3orrr{urex nocc or pene$ia y*p""".'Crcioi ; ;;xopE3oEriuma JreETa rl BRcsuF or Eet Ee3atr]Jrrrenn Tpr{brbnnr{rfl. b aonoiru qasr Ha crAa eycraHoBelr 6sl neneneH [Jracr (4--5 cu ae6ernrua) ot or.op"no rrpu yHrrrqoxr{Tengtrr noxap 3}p'o.3tpnoxparulmlero e 6wno Harpoueno npu rraAanero Ha xbrrlara, Ho cera e pecraBpr{pago.3opuoxpanutuule 16 nnra xraaparHo Hanpeqno ceqeHr{e c}c sao6reHr( brJrrr u cna6o }rs/IyrnEaB:bH crpaHn c AlJrxHIra 4,74 u. I{rrpa4eno e Bbpxy [oAa Ha loMerqegueto. Cte"ie'"aEanpaBeHlr qpe3 reHTecra rexlil{xa or rnl{Ea c MHoro pacrrrrenHH npuMecu fi ca cpaBn}rreJrHo c.na6olBnerIeHE' vlM.at caeraoxaQrna rpy6o 3auraAena u_oBbpxnocr, a ge6elnHara HM e oxo.ro 2 cu.,{rnoro rMa cbutrtx IIBsr' paB'o e r e uanyxano. ,{e6en.i

" g-4-.r, r;;;;;;4"po"ru.4e6enrRara

ce yBernqaBa pfl3ro u ce oSopr"rfl nJraBeE npexoA KlM crerrure. Maxcuua.nHara 3ala3eHa Br{coqr{HaEa 3BpHoxpaHuJrl{Iqero e 0, 10 u. flo BpeMe Ha ynulrloxxTeJrHr{fl 3a Kbrrlara rroxap ro e 6nnonpa3rro.3tpuoxpauwruule 17I{Ma oB,lJrHo HanpeqHo cerreHue c,ry{aMeTpH 1,20 (c-to) u 0,g6 u (H-3).Hsrpa4euo e Bbpxy uoAa Ea no*reqennero. crerure 6.qe6eiiii-i--2,,s-ir1

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cMr{JraHe ce rr3noJr3Ba rnKJrroqtrTeJruo sa Qypax. flpn toua AaITERTe ca cyMaprrr 3a ecerna IlrrpoJrerrra KyJrrypa r{ creAoBareJrrro ca 3auuxenrr cnpcMo cpe,wt ,qo6ns or luroqxre c ecenxaxyrrypa. nsBeciulr ca u cpeArru Ao6usu or JruMeII s Anrn[c rpes To3f, BeK, xol{To ca 125-l3oxi/Axars. B xaqaloro Ea XX B. Ao6nnure or ABy3tpllecrtrfl JrnMeIl a Kanra3 c'a

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- I l8 xr/wa. Excnepnuerrriurnr{Te Aaurrr{ rpr6na Aa ce fipueMar c yroBopxa, 3auloro re catrogTErEaT{, oT e^na cTpaHa, c u3rroJBBaHeTO IIa IpuMI{TIIBIU EIICTpyMeETE OT rlpancTopHqecrlTUrI, a, Or Apyra - oT xopa c upeArrMEo TeopeTurlHtr IIo3HaHf,x It c [o-MaJIKo [paKTmecKE )rMeIII{fl.Ocseu roBa JrHMerIr{Te ca 3accBaEH caMo raro npoJlerlra KyJrrypa. B peeylrar Ira R3Jroxelroro I{

xaro RMaMe npe.pnA rreB3ucKare[Eocrra Ra JrtrMerytre KbM Harrf,Ea lra [p€ABapureJrua o6pa6orraEa rroqBara, trpu€MaMe, re o6nrareJTtrTe IIa xrqara n Clarnna noJDAaBaJlr cpeAen ,qo6un safi'MaJrKo 120 rr-nnrrrerloBo 3rpgo or Axale. Cne.q orsrpalltBage Ha rBtpAara o6susxa pe:urlrl{trro6un 6nn oxono 90 xr. Karb sgeNreM noA BHHMaIilre Ir Aalilrrrre aa upn6lnelrreJlxoro xoJrliqecrBona trpnata or 6o6osu pacreuur B xpaurrJnrup{Te cl.qoBe R Ao6nsnre Ha re3lr rynrypfi - 60-7yxr/wa 3a nerqara n rpaxa, nag 150 xr sa 6ypvaxa2o, MoxeM JIecHo Aa lr:(rucJltrM IBnoJBBaHarao6pa6oraaeMa nJroul. 3-a srpnenoro rrpou3BoAsrBo, npeAFa3naqelro 3a lPqna, ca neo6xo.ryrloro*ono 35 4ra, a 3a orrne)r(Aanero na 6o6osure pacreurrt - oxono 2 wa. He 6rsa 4a ra6pannue nceMero 3a rroceB. flocesnara HopMa Ha JmMeIIETe 3a repnropl'rtra na Errrraprrc cnopeA

crarucrxrrecru AaHrrH e 14,4 rr/ma (cpeano 3a eceggara E nponerlrara cenr6a)21,.cnqPe,AnparTf,Kara s .[M6orcro - 13-14 xr/rt<a", a c[opeA npaKTl{Kara s Eperrururro - l7 xt/waz3 (s

ABara [ocneAgrr cryqafl AaHHnre ce orHaccr 3a @enrrara cen-r6a - pa3JlfiKara HABa or uo-6eArrrrenorrBu BbB BTopur paftou). 3a pamnr HeoJrI{T, Koraro cenr6ara e ogbqecrBcBaga upe3 ecerra,trpueMaMe EopMa {6 rc/axa, Korro np€Anonara HyxAa or oKoJIo 560 rr JTHMeIIoBo 3aplro 3a

exeroAgoro 3acsBage ua o6pa6ornasara or o6Rrarealme Ha xtrr1ara rer"n. Tpx6Ba Aa I{MaMe

trpe,@nA, qe nocoqeuoro rerJro e rra JrrrMerloBo 36pno 3aeAno c rBlpAara o6s-H-sxa - 3actBanero lra

Jrr{Merlr{Te craBa BrrHars raxa, 3arqoro IrIIaqe oqucrenoro 3bpHo ry6u naa l0% or KrJrlrfleMocrracn. 3lpnoro 3a noceB e MorJro ,qa 6rqe [oJryqaBaHo (cnopea [plrerara Berre cpeAna MrrIIf,M:urEa

xoprr.ra) or oxoJro 5 Axa rurout, T. €. exeroAno 3actBanara or o6nrarem{Te Ha KEIrIara lrrtoul clc3.5pHegtr xynrypr{ Aocrrra 40 Axa, a o6qara 3acsBaHa IIJroIq - oxolro 42 xxa. flolyrenoroxoJrrrq@TBo xHTEo 35pHo 3a rrooeB nua o6eu noBerle or 1,2 xy6. u, a o6eulr Ea 3lpuoxparurmrqe 6

e oxono 1,60 xy6. v. .isno xau6aprr 3a rroceBno 3bpuo e HarrpaBen c no-roJrtM or l{yxur{t o6eu, aa

4a no6xpa 3bpHo 3a Ao[bJrEr{TeJrEa ceur6a n cayuafr na se6raronoJryqfitr c nonr{xBanero rrJru

rrpBuMyBalrero lra 3acerlrt rtp€ ecelrra firMeII.

75

_ flpo6leMarxxara, Korro. 3ac,ernaxMe BbB BpB3Ka cbc 3bpnoxparruJrur{ara B r}urara orClatrna, T. e. paHuoro 3eMeAeJrne s lorousrouna-Erpona, e tripAe o6unpna. flpoyrranero Ea3spHOXpaHr{rEUIara AaBa BI3MOXI{O€T Aa Ce HanpaBsr npEHocE caMO nO HsKox, MaKap rr TBbpAeBaxHIr neftnn acneKTI{, orHactu{H ce rrpeAHMHo Ao KoruqecrBerr[Te H3MepeHqc na gb6unanoro3lpHo. Trfi raro exeroAuo go6naauoro KornqecrBo 3bpno e 3HarIHTerHo, Ba3I{IrKBa npo6aevrr aaEaqHI{I{Te Ira EeroBoro [oJryqaBane. Bts Bpb3r(a c roBa rqe o6rpner"r BHHMarrHe Btpxy eArrn np€AMeror KaM3tr, xofiro Bepotrllo e nareulnuK IIa lrlroprno B ytr[uloxrrreJrHl{r uoxap AbpBeHo p:uo.Harraepeu e np€A c€Bepo3anaAEE.S brbl Ha lleu$a, MeXAy Ma3AJI(H OT naAH:UraTa xbM roJIrMoTo[oMeIrIeHI{e MexAITHIIa creHa. Paloro e 6wto sBHo B M:LrrKoro noMeuleulte, IroAnprHo rrJru oxagegoEa cbrqaTa cTeHa.

Oplru91o rrMa KoEHqI{a $opr'ra c l{3pa3ena ABycrpaHno o$oprraena pa6orua qacr B eAng11c Myrpafi (o6p. 37). Hanpesxoro My cerreuue e oB:urxo, ycuope.quoio xa pa6ornur pr6

"un"r."og"'q_eHlre ur"ra $opr"ra Ha cI{JIEo yAbJIxeH paruo6egpen rpnlrtamlr ctc cni6o u3Ayrr{ HaBr,E crpagf,.Pa6ornara qacr e norrrr{ HarrbJrgo cfiMerpurrga.

-Oprgnero e g:pa6orerro or

"ep", raMbr, Karo

uoBBpxHocrra My, xocro HMa cl{Bo-qepen rlBrr (n rpe,qnara nonoBnna c xa$ro orrenrx), eo6pa6oreHa c [I{KeraxHa rexHuxa. ,{trxunara vy e 17,8 cr.a, ge6enn 4,8 cv, a Bncorrngara

- 6,8 crrl (6u-na e oKoJIo 7,2 cu,Iro Aonr{ara qacr Ha pexerq[s pb6 - axo ro nocTaBRM n pa6orxoroMy cnopeA Hac BeprI{KtlJIHo [oJIoxeHI{e, e u3rpuTa or y[orpe6a). Pa6ornHrr pr6 orrgcBaHecllMerpuqHa KpI{Ba, nolryqena cJre.{ cr{Jrno rr3gocBage B.qonuu{ xpafi. B ropuara'oiono l/3 orEero cJIeAI{ie oT usHocBaHe ca 3rauureJlno uo-c.na6n. OcseH ToBa.scnrr anneftnr.r cJreAr{ or ynorpe6aca Hiuluqe IIo ABere pa6ormr nltocxocrl{, Konro oQopr,rrr c[MerpnqHa pa6orua qacr c x'r1,Jr rra3aocrpflse oKoJro 70'. Cae.qrre ca cbcpeAoroqenr rrpeArrMHo B AonrrgTe ?A or Bgcorrprrara rra ABerenJrocKocrH n ca npu6lIEHTeJrIro ycnop€Aul{ Ha ropuara crpana Ha opb.ulr_ero rr gborBerno noMex.qycE; ToBa o3lraqaBa, qe opbAnero e pa6orulo noA cla6 nax.rron cnprrtro o6pa6oraagara [oBbpxHocr- oxoJlo 8-10'. Or xaparrepa Ea H3HocBaHe na pa6ornara qacr craBa rcHo, qe nefirugr naft-fopeH As'II'vMaJr cpaBHurenHo cna6o cbnpuxocaoBelrue c o6pa6ornanaraMareplc, AoKaro AoJrrrRffT6nl noAnoxeH lra crr.JIHo rpueHe. Pa6ornurr pr6 e 4ocra uaqrp6en,

"o *"*.o'io*, TaKa u.qonnxre

Tc.H Ha ABere pa6oruu rurocrocrx ca cpaBnr{Teano 4o6pe 3arJraAeEH B npoqeca Ha IBrroJBBaEe.Cnope,q rpacoJroruqecxnf, aEaJIE3 tpynxqnrra sa onncanoro oplAge'6nna caiprana c o6pa6ot*"

"uuoqsara2a.floxe na 2 v.ecra B cpeAgara qacr Ea opr,uero ce BlrxAar ocranKtl or qepHo cMoJrr{cro

BeIIIecrBo' Koero lqe pege, rle ro 6ulo nocraBeuo B rue3Ao I{ 3a3ApaBego TaM gbc cMona.,{rn6ornnara Ea rne3Aoro 6ma 0,10--o,ll u, T. e. f,3Bbx Eero ocraBana np€Agara qacr EaopbAHero c AbJrxI{Ha oKoJIo 7 ct'.t, roxto Bepocruo nopaAr{ ToBa nMa ra$ro orreHbx B cnBo-qepHqf;r{BrT rra noBbpxHocTra cE.

BlscrasossBaHero Ha,(BpBelrara qacr Ha paJroro e caMo rn[oreruqrro Br3MoxHo. Beporrnoe u3[oJBBaHo pa3xJroHeHue or Ar6oso IfbpBo. EuEnnsr xJrou Moxe 6a e orpran na 0,5--{]6;;;pa3xJloHelrHero I{ B ToBa xbco napqe qerHo e ns.(br6ana xoHrrtlna Ayrma 3a [aJrcrrr6r{ra. Beporruo0TBIII pa6ornara qacr 6una crerlrara Ao[GnEHTeJrEo cLc 3ApaBH B_pt3KH, 3a Aa He c€ pa3rlerg rrpgroJltMoro _EaroBapBaIIe ro BpeMe ua pa6ora. flaleurxrxrr pa6ore.n noA brLrr oiono 8-f0.ctrp1Mo o6pa6orranara roBbpxlrocr. Aro ce cbAr ro u3uocBauero

"u pudorr*;--;t p;6,Asr6o.rrnara r{a pa3paBf,He 6uaa orono 5 cu.

6n 6xlo rrsnnluHo Aa pa3fnol(AaMe II.f,r€Ta Ar{cxycnr 3a fiocBara na piuro rp€3 HeoJrHTa rrcBoTBerHo IIa HeoJrIrrIIo opEo gerueAemle2s. B ualr.glara rEI{:rEI{Ha ca Ha-rnrqe Mgoro ofllrrr{ 3a

:9o.:191111E_!_!xaara or raMeHeE tr€urerunux rrpn Ba3cranoBsBaue rra HeoJrnrnoro piuro, KaKro n3a excneplrMelrr[paHe Ha opaH c MoAen Ha raroBa paao. He ca MaJrxo R rrporEBrluql{Te Ha ro3[r

O6p. 37. Kaneuex nateuHuK

76

HaqEE Ha ngTepnperarl1s-Ha Hrror{ xaMeHHE op'bl.r4s. Haft-nepcuexTnBen 3a E€onI{Ta ure ce oKaxe

Bepof,Tno no.4xoAbr sa ilt. JlloxHur, roftro rapcu AoKa3areJlcrBara 3a I{3noJBBaHero rra pano

(n6poxrno H3rlcro .rppreuo) or rrocrrreJrnTe Ea xyn'rypara c mrsefiso-JrenTecra repaMEKa upeAE

Bcgqxo B grerleHTa lra pa3Blrrue Ha caMara xylrypa26. Karo AoxasareJlcrBo 6uxa r'rous Aa cnyxarlg'EsroEupoMeEnBxocTEaTacI{cTeMaIIaoTAeJIHIIer3eMnngpuroBeAo,npeAII3B[xaHIroT I{3nOJI3BaHeTO My Karo rerJrrlTeJma cruIa.

B npoyqnaHufl- cJrrraft c*c clarnna 3ac€ra JrHncBar ocreoJrorHllHn AoKa3areJlsrBa -IBSJI9ABaIIR ca xOcTsTe CaMO oT KbIqaTa. Ha-nnqe e O6aqe KaMeHEo optAue' XO9TO ne 6s MOTJIO Aa

c€ r6noJr3Ba no Apyr HaqHH ocBen Karo rIaJIeIrrHur. O6pa6orBaeMara 3eMfi' KoflTo Bccxa ro.ryrHa e

aUa""U"" Or O6nr'areJILrTe Ha KbIIIaTa' e OKOJIO 42 l|(ia; nO H{KOII llpecMtTalltrt 3a ReftEOTO

"ior"*""une (cnopea aHTuqnure crangaprn) e neo6xoAuM lleJloroAnrrEficr TPY4 na rp]rMa

iirn"r. OcseH io"a, uro e r{3non3Bana nafi-mr-cKo rpyioeMxara cucreMa na cenr6oo6prulenue.-

ABynoJrr{ara, ou1e rolrxoBa nJrorq e ocraBffHa na yrap. ToBa o3HaqaBa, qe rff s saft-rourur clytafi rpaM*nre

"u t.r.l"r"*"ia ro,q'Ha e o6pa6opana (parpoxrrana) noue 3 nrrn. Crasa cc'o, qe

n3xpar{BalreTo c:bc 3eMeAeJrcKR rrpoAyrTE e TpyAoeMKo 3aEIIMaHHe u 3a HeroBoTo o6nexqanase IlJIf,

tlB€x,q,aEe B paMxLITe I{a B}3MoxHocTuTe Ha ApeBI{I{Te 3eMeAeJuS{ e seo6xoAuMo noCTotHHo

ycbBbp,',e,,crBaHe ru y"orp"O.sBa'nre op."gns naipyaa. flossara Ea paJroro or Clarnna cB''o e

trpeArr3BlrKana or seo6xoAr{Mocrra or exeroAlro ocsryp{Balre Ha AocrarbqHo KoJruqecrBo 3bpHelr[

"i""" 3a o6Rrarenxre xa npoyqBanaTa xblqa. Paloro c n'Urerusgx e ysbBbplregcTBaga

pa3EoBIIAHOCT Ita I{3qflJIO A}pBeIIOTO paJIO' KOeTo IIlx no Bctxa BepoflTHocT IIMIUIO runpoKo MfcTo

B paHHoHeoJrurHOTO 3eMeAeJrHe.^ Karo He saMupar 3arra3egrr ocrasxu or rreolurruu ptula, MHo3f,Ha tr3cJre.ryarrn Ha ApeBHocrra

He Morar Aa AorrycHar rrxHoro cb[IecrByBase. Ho Ao Hac Aocrura MiuIKa qacr or xltBara rynrypa

Ea rrpar{crop[secxuTe rrepuoAn. flpu nanrure reorpaQcrn ycnoBut 3a[a3Balrero Ha AbpBeHE op]Alrfl

EsrorKo xnJrrAoJreru" i rs*nro"iao. OrrpnBanero Ea niurelunr{Ka or Cnarxna e u3l{elraAa' Eo

rrr{BoTo Ha paHIIoHeonIITIIaTa reUegelcia KyJITypa He ro tl3xffOqBa' Aq- CU IIpH1OMIIIIM

cngxpogguTe c Hero cJroxHII qbCTaBHx CbpIIoBe -OT

xyJlrypa Kapanouo I, urpa6oteHl{ oT eJIeIIoB

por, xpeMbK n cMoxa. Ho aro ,Uprxrur6 uu 6rxa glpBexu' KaKBSTO e'a 6nm BepOcTHo [pe3

cpepilrt11 xacggrr EeoJIRT, ToraBa cbBpeMeuntrTe o[I{Trr 3a AoKa3BaIIero lra roBa opbAl{e gbrqo 6nxa

6ulu sarpygEeHr{. 3arosa cvrrave, qe rarerunllrar or Cnarusa rpr6r,a -la 6rAe o6err xa

cuoxofino o"tt"rrtti- Otrpunauero My tpx1YaAa ce rpeBbpge B uoATnx sa cr6upaHe I{ 1rpll HyxAa

Ea EoBo HgTeprrperr{pane Ha HaruqHE Qaxrn or n3xonaeruara AeficrBuTeJruocr or BpeMero Ea

panHrrre 3eMeAenIrH n lOrousroxna Erpona'' O' Apyr% crpaga, He cMcraMe, qe pilrroro or ClarHHa e yHuBepcaJIEo oplAl{e' Koero e

H3noJI3BaEO EenpexscHaTo B paMxHTe ga 3eMeAencx[s qnxbJl' T' e' npu BcRTIKII eTaIIU Ha

o6pa6ornaue na ycnoenaTa Berre 3eMr f,JII{ la pa3opaBaHe na EoBu 3eMU. Ernorpa$cKnTe AaEHH

cBgAereJrcrgar, qe a" -p"""""t*

Qarn na o6pa6orra Ha nrisara or xlrBara Ao ceur6ara rlp-e3

cJre.ryarrlara eceE, a cbrqo tr nps pa3r[rrHu Br{AOBe noqBa ca u3[oJI3BaEU pa3Jlrilrx BuAOBe paJla28.

cneqtalnu pana ca IIpeAHa3HarreHH 3a pa3opaBaHe Ha IIeJIIIHa. I4r'raftxn [peABI{A' rle oIITIlMaIHaTa

tto"a""U At ri6O"ttt" IIa JIIdMeLIoBoTo 3lpgo 6 +-S cM n rle A3n6o'IEHara na 6pargaTa, rocTo Moxe

Aa 6rAe "arrpa"e"a " l"ttoto'Or Cnarnsa' e oKoJIo t-cM, ,qojflycraMe' qe roBa opBAI{e nafi-qecro e

n3rroJr3Bago ,rpn ,"otb"Ta Ira 3lplreslrre xyJITypH. Vnorpe6ara My B ro3lt cJlyqafi upeAnasna orAln6oxo n neiparuor'repgo 3a1olraBaHe Ha 3tpgaTa qpe3 MoTtrKI{' a c}qo cnecrf,Ba 3garrtrTengo

roruqecrBo rpyA.

XPOMEIIHO CbOPb)I(EHHE

B cruecrnynarreTo tr tr3rroJBBaHeTo Ha sbopbxeHl{ero 3a cMruIar{e Ha 3bplro ce pa3rpaEtrqaBaT

flcEo,Fa nepnoAa. Be.re uocoqtrxMe, qe BaB Bpb3ra cbc 3a3ApaBtBaHero Ira Hocelqara KoHcrpyKIIut

Ha raBaga B Hero e sa6ura Ao[bJrg]rreJrHa AbpBeEa I(oJIoHa. Tosa rrtulara orMecrBalrero Ea

xpoMeJrgoro cbopbxeurre, Marap r{ Ea MaJIxo pa3crof,Irl{e. 3arosa Moxe 6n e no-npaBItJIHo Aa

m{rueM 3a trbpBo n BTopo cboplxeHrre 3a cMRJIaEe lra 3bpHo'

IlrproniranHoro xpoMerno cbopsx€Eue e rrpwlerleuo KaM IoxHHq xpafi xa r8ToqHara creEa

EaoclroBaTaIIalleqra.HeroaoroIBrpaxAaEeeocLIqecTBeIIoeAEoBpeMeHRocIl3.MraEeToHaneETiI RJrr( 11oge xa xefisara ocsoBa. Crcrou cc or ABa I;ra - AoJreH n ropeE xpoMeJrerr KaMbx

Gi^r i.""p) n uxcro sa ct6npane na Spaunroro (rlu rcr). IOxrurl AflIr Ha cboptxennero I{Ma

Ee11paBurga rpareqoBr{Ana rfopr"ra c rlo-iccHa crpaua KbM ceBep. IOxRara, H3TorIHara tr ceBepEara

creErrqKa Ha Mrcroro sa 6paunoro ca rr3rpaAery or rJII{Ha c pacrurenEr{ IlplrMecrl' Jrexar lapxympBogatr:urgrrs noA Na Nbrrlara, ufipoKrr ci g-g cM Ir ca sucoiu 10-l I cv. Orrope ca gao6lenn.

77

Kru sauaA xaTo nperpaAa e rBtroJBBarra ocHoBara Ira ueufra, rotro Ira roBa Mtcro e craparelEotr3Ma3ana. Brrperumre pa3Mepn Ea roxnrrt Afln c,ai 0,27 u xlM 3arlaA, 0,32 M KIM Il3rox rr

Abnxrrga no ocra xgroxjgan44 - 0,60 rvr. O6eurr My e oKono 0,018 xy6. u. .$xoro Ha olrrrcaxoroBMecrf,milqe e 3aMiBaHo cbc cpaBEureJrno rbElK rJrulreH IIJIacr Blpxy nlpBoHaqanHnt uo.q. B uo-roJItMaTa ctr ADJIXf,Ha CeBepHaTa cTeIrEqKa e no-HllcKa oT ocTaHaJIETe, 3auloTo Ha ToBa MflcTo eJIexaJr loxgutr rpaft na AoJrrrut xpoMeJrelr xarrbx, xoftro Bepotruo c€ BAaBal MilJrxo EaBr"rpe BIBBMecTrLlnuIeTo sa 6paurnoro. Axo c€ caAf, uo cla6o JII{qaIqoTo My nrs3Ao,^roft urvran pa3Mepr{r€-na

raMa1a, rr3rroJr3Barr [pe3 BTopr{s erarr, alepotrllo 6wtu cbulurr - 0,80 M AbJlxrura n 0,45 uIlrrrpgrra. Mexay xpoMeJrrrnx raMbr n MexIg{Iruara crena @raBa llocrartqno Mscro 3a MenelwrqoBex.

flpn rpeyc-rpoficrgoro Ha rroceulara clrcreMa Ha raBaEa B llelrrparEara_qaqr Ea toxHrt AtJrEa xpoMeJrgoro cbopaxenne e sa6nra AbpBeHa xoJIoEa c Ar{aMerap 0,17 r'r. Xpouernmrr xaMlr e

Maxgar, a Mrcroro ea 6parrrsoro n Jleuloro Ea KaMelrHara MeJIIuqa ca 3arlaJrlresu c Ae6er ruracr

ilrnHa. ,{olnurr xpoMeJreH KaMax e 3aBrprflIl TaKa, qe ALIIrara My oc Aa uoryq[ uocoKa

ceBepo3anaA--rororr3Tox. Or,qoJry rr orcrpann e 3a3ApaBes c uIItHa, a 3a traAalqoro 6pamno e

tr3rron3Bag Beporrxo rroABHxeE cb1. [IpE HoBoro noJloxelrne lra xpoMequlrt- KaMt'r MeJIeIUntrqoBex Moxe Aa ce BMecru e,@crBerro Mor(Ay 3bpuoxpannnxqa 10, 4,3, 5 u 6. IlpocrpalrcrBoroMex,qy xau6apa tr trerrlTa ocraBa cro6ogno E TaM ca ll3rpaAelil 3 Hosll 3cplroxpanl{Jlulqa - 7,8 n9. Br6porO xportaermo cbopx'xeEl{e cbulecrByla lo yHuIqOxI{TeIEuc uoxap B Kb_IIIaTa. HerosncrAoneg xpoMeJren KaMtx e or c€AJroBrrEeH r'uu2e, uMa pa3Mepn 0,80 * 0,11 r'r_lr Arr6oqrrna noBeqe oT

0,10 u. Ao ,qonsnc e EaMepeE rr ropen xpoMenen xaMbx_c pa3Mepn 0,27 x 0,40 u, xofiro BepotrlronpngaArexg na cbu{oro xpoMenno cbop}xeuue. B pa6oruo rloJroxelrne AroJlrrrre ocrr Ha ABararaMlKa ca treplreEluryJlfplilr eAHa cnptMo Apyra.

Xpouelnoro cbopbxenr{e e rrrrpaAexo sa safi-uoAxoAtlqoro Mtcro - Ao rletqra tr B

nenocpeacrsesa 6Jr[gocr Ao roJrrMara qacr or 3tplroxpannmtulara. ErHsoctra Ea treufra eABa JrE e

crryrafina - Kaxro noxa3Bar HsKorr eruorpaQcrn sa6moAeuut n cneqnaJlno upoBeAeur{ oIr[TIl'trpeAEapr{TeJuroTo EeroJrroqacoBo 3arpcBaHe lra n?eAna3EarleHoTo 3a cMIIJIaHe 3bpEO_EaMaJItBa

3gaq[TeJrllo ycw6y6ac BpeMcro 3a ra3lr ouepaqur3o. Kyuonrr Ha rreulTa or rttqara s Crarrsa ne

e 3ana3eg, rro uo aEarorfis c parmoHeoJrr{Tmrre rrery{ or Cr. 3aropa (Oxptxua 6oruuqa).qotrycKaMe, qe oTrope rrMiur ruroluaAra HMeIIEO 3a 3arptBaHe Ra tr3qEcTeHOTO OT IUTeBeJIII 36pHO.

Mroro e Bepof,Trro npeAlr cMrurarrero 3rprroro Aa e 6nn_o cqyKBano c Aba6ox AbpBeH xaran. Tagxouepaqrrc 6n o6nexquaa pa6orara c xpoMeJla. 3acera o6ace ocraBa cJla6o u3ccuen npo6ner"rtr sa

TpyAoeMxocrra Ea MeJrxnqnrrr npoqec. ErnorparfcKl{Te Ha6JIIoAeI{ut u orrETETe 3a cMrrJIaHe Ha

3tpgo c ptqen xpoMeJr Karo rrpaBuro ca crra6o AoKyrrelrrtrpaun. JlnucBar IUru ca lreAosraraqul{n3xo.ryIfTe AaHIIg 3:r BIfAa rra xpoMena, 3a luIoIIITa Ea TpneulnTe ce [oBlpxHocTf,, 3a foJIeMIIIIaTa IITexecTTa Ea ropHllt KaM!K, 3A BIUa Ha cMIUIaEOTO 3lpIIO, 3a OIII{Ta IIa MeJIeIIIRt qOBeX I{ T. II.Brupexn roBa rqe [pEBeAeM Errou AaHEIr. Cnopea eraorparpxu ua6mo4e.slt a Kapnarxre nctropeA Hr1or{ orurn rrpno c regro I rr uoxe,qa 6rle cMJItHo 3a oxoJlo 2 q.3r flo Apyrtr AaHErl orABcre rpyrn 3acMxrarrero na AneBrrara lropMa 3tpno 3a eAHo cerreftcrso e seo6xoAsu oxolo I 't.32Koraro pillclxAaBaMe Btpxy rorn npo6leu, rpr6na Aa trMaMe npeABr{A, qe BcI{qKn AaITER orApeBgocrra f, or rro-RoBo Bp€Me coqar xel{ara raro rr3IrlJIErrreJI Ea ra3l{ oflepalstc33. Ho ocsenToBa xegara e HaroBapena n c ocraniurara AoMaruucra pa6ora. .f,aRo e, te Btrrperrr rpy,mocrra Ha

cM1Jranero c parren xpoMeJr ro He orrleMaJlo rBbpAe Mnoro BpeMe. Hafi-rpyAoer,rxa crno 6nraonepaq[rra 3a cMaJrarrero Ha cpaannremro $nno 6pauruo sa xrs6. Ho sasr or rlonarauloro c€ Ha

sceig qJrerr Ea cer,reftcmoro 3bpuo 6mo roncyr"rnpano noA Qoprrla Ea xarrrtr n APYm requlr ficlflIt*,3arorrro 3Gproro 6rr,tno cauo pa3Apo6rBaso rIo-eApo B xaBaII ItJtrr xpoMeJI. Bce oqe Ee pa3nonaraMece.FrOgnafta un<[oprvra4lt 3a TpyAoeMxoCTTa Ea MeIEI{IIEES [poqec B [pancTopEtlecraTa euoxa. BcJrycar MoxeM cilMo Aa AonycrreM, qe exeAEeBmrr rpyl Ea xeurre or Kblrlara s Crarnna ga

rroJr) raBare ua 6pamro r 6ylryp eF;a IItn rlpeBlrrrraBiur o6rqo 3 q.

HII,IHOFI{THA NNOqAAKA (3A NPI,ItrOTB'HE HA XPAHA)

,flolenena e r6M cpeAEara qacr Ha 3arraAgara crega Ea xuJrlflIero. hunara e lrcneqena AoqepBeEo

- rarTo oT orEIIr 3a R3rrltqaEeTo IIa llbpBoEarlanslls rroA, Taxa H npE noxapa B rtlqaTa.flo rpeue Ea pa3rorrrure e HaMellerra B JIoIuo cbcrof,Irue: ceBepo3allaAmrf,T 11 Mn e ynrrrqoxen orroJreKTopna rtvra, a rrrTotrrrrf,T i pr6 e cruIlro Eapymen or ,(yrtrn Ira KoJroBe or uo-xbcno xl{Jrlflqe.Brupexr roBa rraJrf,qe ca Aocrarbrrno AaEHtr 3a BD3craIroBtBaEe na sefuara Qoprvra, pa3Mepu n,qgHauma Ea rBrpax,qaEe.

firno6rrnara rlnorqalga e BarrpaBena Brpxy rtbpBonaqarnus rroA Ha xblqara lrpeAn

78

O6p. 38. fepeeudeu xepauuueu cod

EeroBoro rleneHacoqeHo r{3rruqaHe. vlr.,a ilpaBosrLrrEa oopMa c pa3Mepr{ oKono 1,90 (cerep-rcr) x1,20 rrr (uarox-rauaa). Bucounara t HaA rroAa e oxono 0,20 u (npu nnqenara rnTorrua crpana). Btrpoqeca Ha E3rroJr3Bage rurorqaAl(ara e o6Ma3BaEa Mnoroxparno orcrparn (TaKE 3aMa3xn) nIrfioJII(o narr orrope (.qe6ers Io 2-3 cM 3aMa3ru). Parr'aepure i s MoMeHTa Ha pa3pyluBaHe rraxblqara AocTrraT 2,08 (cesep-rcr) x l;30 u (ngrox-eanaA), BIrcOqI.rHa HaA rrbpBollarraJrgrr rtoA

- oroJro 0,30 r'r. Bctqnocr peaJmara Bncoqurra na rmrno6nrnara ruoulaAKa c orneA ,,I{3lgrarrero"Ea [oAa B pe3yJlTar na exeroAunre 3aMa3xtr ocraBa npu6mrurenno eAgax oKono 0,20 rrr.

Oynxryrure na unuo6uruara rrJroura.qxa c€ rr3rcnflBar qpe3 EaMepennre rpafi uer npeAMern.E-nuso Ao loxnrrt Afln Ha JfltrreBara crpana Ha rrloqaAxara e orKpHT roJrrM c$epnven xepaM[qeucaA c oBbrJreHo 3rpno (o6p. 38). ,{o cerepon3Toqnr{r }rbJr Ea ruoulaArara e ycrarroBen ApyrcQepu.ren KepaMrqeu oa c pendna )mpaca, Eo rrpu roxapa cbAlpxanrero My e nsroprno (o6p.39). Oco6eno 3naqentre B cJD rar nMa rraMnparrero na 2 xpevbqHn opbAnr rrelocpeAcTBeuo AoIoxrrara crpaua Ha cloptxenueTo. cuopeg rpacororrrrecxnc aua.rrrr3 Te ca IBrroJBBaHrr raroABycrpalrnr{ EoxoBe 3a Meco. Eeg crunense rmrno6u'rnara nJrorqaAxa e E3[oJr3Barra xaro Mficro 3atrpr{roTBrrre Ha xparra.

BrgcratrossBauero Ha BuAoBere nprrrorBrna xpasa e Aocra rpygno rr c€ ocrroBaBa caMo BbpxyxocBer{u AaEEE. CpeA ocrasrrrre or xrrqara ca cr6paror Kocrn or l1 nuga xf,Borgx, rreIIoJI3BaHu 3axpaHa. Or rrx Hafi-saxHo 3HaqeHue uMar,[oMalrrHlrre x[BorHr{ - roBe.Uo, oBrla, Ko3a H cBI{Hr.Penrcrpr,rpalrnTe AHBtr xHBorEr{ ca npeAcraBeru c e.ryHrrrHn eK3eMrurflpr{ - eJren, T)rp, Ar{Ba cBrrnr,6o6tp, EelrrenTu0uqupau BHA nrr{qa, pn6a u Mr{Ar{. OcreolornqecKoro npoy.rnane3a nora3la, uexlrBoruHcxlrre xocrx ca cr{Jrrro par4po6xnann, a roBa e nptr3nax 3a flpe.ryowrraxrre K]M BapenaM@Ira xpaHa. tlper rapeHero or Kocrr{Te ce H3BrIlqa noqrr'r lluroro Ba3MoxHo xomrqeqrBoxpaulrrenul{ BeulecrBa u oco6eno KonareH H Ma3rrrrulr. flo ac*a BepoffTlrocT tlacr or pacrlrrenuaraxpana cblqo e qpxrorBcxa rrpee Bapene. Clarraue, rre 3a ra3n rlen e E3noJBBaHo rrucro xr.trno 3tpno(6es npxvec_or 31pna, nprruaglrexaqn KIM ceueftsrro 6o6o311. Taxona e 3apHoro, rraMepeuo Bxpaxrurfiula 8 n 12 - eqeMfiK B eAuoro, MeKa flrueunqa, gnysipuecr x eAnogrpnecr JrnMerI (carvroeApr{ 3apHa) u gpyroro. Ocuosnara pacrnreJrua xpaHa ua o6urareJrure Ha x}ulara or CnarnnaflBHo e x.[.f,6rr. Cuope4 nac 6paurnoro 3a xrc6a e uoJryrlaBarro or cMr{JraHero Ea xr{Trrrr 3bprra,npuMeceHo cbc 3bpHa or cer"reficrso 6o6osn - ceKHprre, nD/rrrxrra, Sypvar, Jrerqa I{ rpax. TarauacMec e ycraHoBena B 3bprroxpannJrnrqa l, 3,5 n9, a cbu{o R B rraMepexur rrpeA rmrso6nrnaraIrJlolqa,u(a xepaMnrreu cbA. AKo ce gbArr no KoJrnqecrBeHrrre clornorrrenus MexAy o6eua naXI{THI{Te u 6o6os[re 3rpHa B I{3cJreABaHnre npo6u, orHoclrreJrrrnflT Mn rra uocnellHure e oxo-uo 5oloor o6trFt o6eu na 3bpHoro B Te3rr 3bprroxpanf,Jrtrqa. EABa :ur ornrexAanero n Ao6nnasero naTaxoBa M:urxo KornqecrBo 6o6orr ryJrrypf, e cBbp3aHo c HeAocrilr Ha xrrro. Or ,qpyra crpana,upu6an*rero Ira 3rplra or cexf,prre n 6ypvax xbM xnToro e 3aAtJDKrrreJrHo cBbp3ano c rcxHaTatrpeABapureJrua o6pa6orxa. flprxara nrra yuorpe6a or qoBexa raro xpaHa e orracna - npeAr{3BrrxBa

f

79

clurHo croMa[rHo-tlpeBHo pa3crpoficrBo rI Tpecxa3s. Tegs crpagrrqrfi e@rru o6aqe lr3ge3Bar cJrerrIpoAlJrxI{TeJrHo EarI{cBaHe rrJlr{ Kpafio Bapenc Ea 3bpnara or ABere pacre"n"io. 6;;;;;r;';;cM@BaEeTo Ha 3apHa or 6o6osr Kynrypr{ Cxrroro rir6na Aa c€ rrpcn B_cTpeMexa Ha ,qpeBrraTe3eMeAeJIIsr ,qa no.qo6pffT TexlloJlonrtra ra nolyvarauero Ha ryt6^.H .q';ra ce cMrra, qextrc€Jrllsr' T' e' IIolFBac€Hl{tr xnx6, e orKplrrue nafi-pano na 6ponao"utiirro*u. 4annxri oixrurlIulero n C'narnRa cBHAereJIcrBar, rle nafi-panrnra n6**t""r B [pon3BoAcrBoro rra e.uilr BEArIrceJI xlr6 rpr6Ba Aa ce orlrecar rtone xaM Eaq:uroro Ea EeoJrr{Ta B qenTpiurrrara qacr HaEanrrancxur IIoJrvocTpoB. flrmsufi s66grrlaB&, ""

a"*".mrrr xr.f,6 * ooil"u"aa c 6pau'o orgypru*,t. Ernorfa{rc,i" ruo*"air*" or or#apc.;;;;;; cBrAerersrBar, qe bparuno or ceMe'aI1.Tl-T!^""_=ce_np[6artr cbc cLuara IIerI rlM 6paunoro ga x-n.n6a3s. grs;&Hocrra 36pgara HaooooBHTe xynrypl{ Aa cJryxaT xaro cpeAcTBo 3a [o.ryBacBarre sa xas6 *

"oa*pa* u or ApyrEetnorpaQcru na6rnoAeHllt - Hanpl{Mep npxrorBrrrero Ea Mal or naxyr3e. Frcva gbM'e'rre, qe3splraTa ga 6o6osnre pacrennt' c-MrrJlarrn 3aeAno c xr{Toro, npeAu3BnxBar n3Becrga cre[eH HaQeprrrenraql{fl Ha re€roro' nonrlaBane Ha ruyrurn r{ c roBa l p{3ro nogo6prnaue KaqecrBoro EanoJryqaBaEuc or o6nrareJMTe r{a xrrqaTa n crarrnra x.rrs6ao]

nEqHarvrapa ce roqHo cpeqy Bparara Ha Klrrlara, Ao MexAr{rrgara creHa. Herpageua e Bbpxy[lpBoHaq:rrH[c rIoA: [peAu HeroBoTo ueneHacoqeHo IBrIuqaHe. Ocnosara Ea xyrroJla I{MaqerEpacrparrHa' Iloqrl{ xBaAparHa _Qoprr.ra. Cresrre i ca ,qe6eJra 7-8 cv. lg1slyt]g ca rraBrE,oco6eno I'3TorlEara. buure, oco6iso r{3Toq'Hre,

"u ru&ni*. pu;.p;; Ha oc'oBara ca1,85 x 1,85 M, a Bbrp€urnara i rno'u e o*ono: rs. M. xyoir" € E3rpaAeH or cBeTJroKaQxna Hrlr'ac pacrureJrllu IIpRMecrr _rrpe3 Koncrpyrqns or 2 npecrvu"* o9 nsnsru .qe6eln (orono 5 &t;p;;;tII{I{ro rparrrrla 6wru sa6uru g rrrrre na seronaia ocrroBa (o6p.-40); ;il;ilr*;Ha re3rr rp}rm' caAEaroEaJrE rra oc'oBara. Tara nauDaBe'ara AlpBeHa Hocerqa \g'crpyKrl' n aini 6;;;;n3lrJlereEa c lurer H o6vasaHa ae6enb or ABere crpanu c urr{Ea. Xarr6'sei; rpeAnoJroxr{xMe,BepotrEo oTrope Kynonbr 6nl sapaanen, 3a aa 6rge rI3[on3BaE Karo rrJrorqalga 3a 3arpcBage Ea)Krroro npeIu{ cMrura'ero My rra xpoMeJra. oraoprr Ha nerrlTa 6sr rru uurr".q.br"rrpe ocEoBara eEalrlnEelra c perreH lIaKbJr AO ITEBOTO Ha OTBOpa, T. e. Ha BECOqr.rHa or nbpBoHaqarTn noA oxoJro0,35 u, a orrope e [ocraBeHa rJrrrHe'a noAosa 3aMasra. oTsrH oc'oBara Ha xyloJla e raobnxonegaor rurr{EeE no.rc, qr{xro rrrr{purra e 0, 10_4,25 ru (npea orBopa _ oKono O, f A ra;,

"Lrr"o"n"ura My _0,2H,35 trl' Tosn noffc e Ea[paBeH or ilr]I'a c M'oro pacrureruu

',puMecr' ,. e onaJrerr 3aeA'o cqrnaTa netrI rpH r8mrqaHero Ha rloAa' fopnara My crpana e oQopr,reH" *"to paBua ruroulaAKa,I{3IroJI3BaHa Bepotrno KaTo uon[qa. Ocnes aKyMyn[paneTo Ea TonJrrrga 3aAarraTa Ea ro3l{ uosc e AatrpeArla3Ba xynona oT pa3pyIIIeHHe rIoA 4eficrrnero na co6crserutu *ry tr**, a sbrrto u HaTexecTTa Ea 3arpflBaHoro Bbpxy Hero xllo^. Pasr,repxre rra ocnoBara Ea rrerqra npg nef,soroE3l'paxAalre ca 2,25 (nrrox-sana.q) x 2-,00 r"r (cenep-ror). BNcorun"* ; cbopbxennero eIren3Becrrra, Ho eABa nn e flpeBlrruasana I M.

flo rpeue fla r{3non3Balre Ea xuJrutrrero nbpBtrsr KynoJr ce c'r6opnrr sm 6uncr6open [opa,ryEetronpaBuMx lloBpe.ry{ B sero. 3auenen 6rtl' a non, nsrpaAeE tro gbulns EarrEE Bapxy craparaocHoBa' 3ana3eHa AO rrrrBo-ro r{a oxonoBpbcrEara nJrorqa.rya. B npoqeca "" ,nrip"*aaEe rra BTopn,xynoJl RbM qerHpHre sao6reHll brbJla Ha ocnoBara Ha napBr{fl oI{JIo ltpxJleneHo rro eAlro rJIr{HeEoy4e6ererne, cra6o BxonaHo B oxonoBpbcrur{n rronc (oopl +r). Bi;;;;-e;;;mrr 6urm sa1nrnxpaxqara Ea ABere AbpBera Ha Hoceulara xoucrpyrqfis.

- r{rpneraia 6xnx roryqeg' qpe3

pa3rlenBaHe ua no-4e6eJrtr; ocraBeunTe B rJrunara orBopr{ xrrair porra6n"*o "utrp"qgo

geqegge cAlJrxEHa 8 cu n uIrpHHa 5 crvr. Cne.q u3rpaxAanero Ha nosNn ryn6l (ornono "

ot"op rru sana4)oRonoBplcrHara rJrolqa4ra 6lrJra geSe-uo oSvagana orrope u orcrpaHu. Ocseg rosa Ae6eroo6vasaaHe IIo 3anaAlrara I{ Ioxnara crelra Ha oxoJloBprcrgas rrorc ca ycraxoBerrn uuoro6pofirorT3ffirr 3aMa3KLI' ror{To ca npoAbJIxeHHe Ea [oAoBI{Te 3aMa3xl{, T. e. noAbT H nocoqeEgre 2 gririn cao6MasnaEE 3aeAno. Taxa ocnoBara lra nerqra B MoMeHTa rra pa3pymaBaHeTo Ha xbulara uMaPl3yeln^?'30 (urrox-sana4) x 2,15 na (cenep-ror). Illnpurrara Ea oxorroBprcrgara nJrorrlaAra e0,2H,25 M' a Bl{cosl{Hara i Aocrrra rj,+o r'l ot nrp"oi""aJrnu.s uoA (npeA orBopa xa uerqra).3aeAso c IroBI{fl Kytron no BctKa Beponr'ocr e noJroxe'a tr rroBa rroAoBa 3aMa3Ka B [errlTa, rro

'JI€ARoT Hefl He ca 3ana3eHlf.

gboPbxEHI,rE 3A, nEIIEJI OT nEqTAHrrpa4euo e or rnlr'a c Msoro pacrrrreJr' np'Mecr' H ce H:rMr{pa B npocrpa'crBoro MexAytreqra u Mex.uEEara creHa' Hrrla @opua Ha yAbnxeno rurrrrro xbpnro. Haupareno e BbpxyllpBoHarlarH[r noA Ha Ktlrlara. Cerepuara, Ir3ToqHara r{ 3anaAHaTa My crena r{Mar Brcoqrrga

80

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II Parronxx lr npoyqBaxl{c, xa. 25 81

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Henocpe4crBeHo roxuo or 3tpnoxpanr{nnlrlara, cacraBcrrln ceBepolr3Toqnara rpyna, caHaMepenu 20 naurxyaoBlr4nn KepaMEqEn rexecrrr 3a BeprLrKaJIeE Tbxaqen crau (o6p. 42).Exnatacror rrx (15) ca H3BaAeHH or ruracra Ha BTopHrIHure 3aMa3xu, a Apyrr{Te 5 ca ycrarroBeuH HarroBrpxuo€TTa Ha ro3u nJracr. BcneAcrsue yHrrIqoxI{TeJrHHs floxap B Krlrlara car'ro 4 or rexecrnrena3rr flbpBouarrarsufl, c]r xrnro-xa$rB rlurr - pesyJrrar sa cra6o [3rrnrrane. Te ca roncralr.parrfi,Bbpxy nbpBouayaJrxlrs rroA Ha Krulara. Apyrn 11 rexecru uMar qp€H RnH rlepno-xa$rs qrrr,troJD rex rBHo or 6esxucropoAnoro Bropf,qno 3arpflBaEe B noAa. Te ca HaMepenn flo-Brrco(o B

rrJracra Ha AonlJrErrreJrxr{Te 3aMa3Kr{. Ocrasarfire 5 rexecru ca c qepBeH qrrr, 4o6ur upnBropxrrHo H3rruqane B Ktrcnopoma cpeAa. Perncrpnpanu ca Bbpxy BTopnrrnnr noA. flocoqennre 20Texecrl{ 3a craH ca ycraHoBeu}r Ha nJrorq oKoJIo 2 rn. u. flernoro 3aeMa Mccro npeA qenrpiurnararracr Ea [3Toquara creHa. Karo ce HMa npeABnA, qe lfbrx[Hara My e ycnop€Arla IIa Krcr{Te creun Haxlrrrara, Moxe Aa ce Ao[ycHe, qe raxa e 6nr opnerrupaH r{ T}KaqEruT cran. He ca orKpr{Trr AyrtrHoT ABeTe Beprr{xaJrEr{ Hocerqu AapBeTa Ea KoHcTpyrru{rTa, a ToBa [paBH Ba3MoxHonpeltrroJroxenuero ga Apyr xapaxTep rra Aomara li qacr

- Beposrxo crpaur{qnfiTe Beprr{xiurHrrArpBera 6xlu npnxpenenr{ Bbpxy flo-Kbclr Eanp€rIHH, Kouro Jrexillrn Bbpxy noAa r{ npnlaBaJrr.rycrofiunnocr Ha cbopbxeHuero. flpn nyxaa (nanpur'rep npn 3aMa3BaHe Ha noAa) cranbr MoxeJr Aa6rAe uecren. B npoqeca Ha H3troJr3Bauero My lrtKou npl{HaAJrexaulrr KbM sero KepaMHqHr{ Texecrr{6ulx sardasaHrr B no4a. ,(opu rrpfi apxeoJrornrlecKoro lpoyrrBaue eAHa or ycraHoBenr.rre rexecru,rrpunaAJrexaula r(rM BTopara rpyua, € qacrurrHo 3aMa3aHa BaB BTopr.rqHrrs noA. flpuuxxara 3a ro3r{o6nqaft ocraBa rre.scua. ,{eraft.nuoro upoyqBane Ha rpltre flocorenr'r rpyn[ Texecru, o6oco6esncnopeA rlBera H MecronaMupanero nM, nora3Ba, qe IrbpBHTe ABa npE3HaKa s o6qu Jrurrru cecBlp3Bar c rpern - Qopuara. B nrpnara rpyfia BJrH3ar rexecrnTe c nafi-rorsMa AaJrxr{Ha(10-ll cu) n receE cpeAen yneft; rJrnnara e c Mnoro pacrnTeJruu rrpnMecn. Orsacsrrrrre ce xbMBTOpaTa rpyna TexecTr{ r{MaT cpaBHHTeJrHo rrrupoKa, pa3JraTa cp€Ar{a qacT; c[opeA A]Jrxr{HaTa cH3aeMar cpeAlro noJloxenne. Texecrnre or rperara rpyna HMar MrurKa AbJrxnrra - Ao 7 cM, E Tec€HcpeAeH yleft. flocotleHoro HI{ AaBa ocHoBaHI,Ie 3a cMf,TaMe, qe rprre rpynu rexecrx ca npaBerrrr or

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pa3nnqnu Joirla H Moxe 6n nprua4nexiurl{ Ea 3 nocreAosareJrlru cralra, II3TIoJI3BaEH lra [ocoqelroroMrcro. 3alrassagero lra rexecrf,Te Ha rIpeAEIIrHIrt crau B [o.qa Bepotruo r(Ma cMngbJI B KouTexcraHa paErIo3eMeAeJICXaTa perunro3Ho-MuToJloruqEa cucTeMa.

.{uxrnara Ha rraMeperurre 20 KepaMl{snn rexecrtr e 6-8,5 cM, c ABe u3KJrloqeHut -l0-t I crtr. ,{nartrerupbr Ea ABere yAe6ereElr qacrs e upn6nnsnreJrEo eArrurKbB E e MexAy 6 u7 cv., cABe lnxrrcqenng - 715-8 crrr. ,{narrrerrprr Ha cpeAlrara qacr, KbAero ca Bbp3BaHr{ Hr{rrrxure orocuoBara Ha rrJraruoro, e 4,5-5,5 cM, c eguo tr3rrrloqeul{e - 6,5 c}r. Bcfisxlr Texecrll ca uspa6ore-EIr or r.lrnna c pacrETeJrEIt upr{Mecrt, B Etron cJr]^Iaa - Muoro. Mo4emrpam ca o6rnxnoseno ore,urrr rJruHeE Kac, Ho B ABa-Tpu cfiycar (or nropara ryyna) ea ot 2 cJreneH[ B Ttclrara qacr rJrHHeIr[Torrxn. Teuoro rra rexecrnre e 0,250--0,400 xr.

Tpy.uno Moxe Aa ce Kaxe xomo rexecrrr ca n3noJI3BaEu no BpoMe na paGorara cbc qraxa.Eporr trM 3aBI{c[ He caMo or rrurpnnara ga rrKauoro rlrrarno, Ho Beporrno rr or.ue6enrsara My -no-Ae6enoro rurarrro x3ncrBa no-cl{Jrrro u3nlBaue Ea oclroBara R cJreAoBareJruo noBeqe rexecra.Illupnnara Ha rurarrroro Ee Moxe Aa 6rAe onpeAenena, Iro Karo nMaMe npeABuA IrrKoHna6moAennff B Tpaluruonnara ryJrr)pa, cMflTaMe, qe rt eABa nr e 6rua noBeqe or eArrn JraKbr(e,ryunqa, Kocro rtxarrrnTe [3rroJnBar n ,qocera), T. e. oxono 0,42 u (cnope4 A]JDKI{Hara Haxunorerrlqnara Mepna e.qnrnrla, r{3rroJr3Barra or o6RrareJrr{Te Ha Cnarrna). Axo urnpnHara HaTSraHoTo ruraTllo e eAI{E JrarbT I{ KaTo rMaMe [peABnA pa3Mepure Ea HaMePeEIrTe Texecra,[3qrcJrrBaMe, se MficrrMaJrHE T nu 6pofi e l1 (6 * 5 n 4nara peAa). Tosa csorsercrBa aa 6por naTexecrrme BbB BTopara o6oco6ena rro-rope rpfla. flpe4noroxentrero e Jlorrrqno, Eo ocraBarPYnso Aora3yeMo.

PAEOTI,TJIHHIIA

B gana,qunr Afln lra MaJrxoro noMerrleurre IrMa cne.u or nrpa6orBauero Ha KpeMrqIrR,KaMerrnrr r{ Kocrexr{ optAllc. Tau ca EaMepenrr oqe MaxoBlrr{tr or r. Eap. nepSopawonerr cralr.

Ocrasxu or npon3BoAcrBoro Ha KpeMlquu opr.ugs ca oKoJro 3000 xpeuurrn apreQaxra,o6parn no noAa. flopagx ctrJlutrr noxap roJrrMa sacr or rflx ca cr{JrHo Qparr'lenrupaHl BTop[rIHor 3aroBa He rro4rrexar Ha rnnoJrorrl.recxu anaurfigsa. B 3ana3eHr{Te qerru (xnn cJIeneIrH npl{o6pa6orxara) 285 apreQaxra BJr[3ar 3 r.qpa, 105 ououmxa, lT6 ruracrunrr u I noqrl roroBo, HoEen3noJr3Bano peryurrpano opaAr{e. flpn rpacoJrornqecxuc anarus (cpr. rn. IV) *pxy 28EeperyltnpaHr{ rrnafiunlr rr orJroMbrl[ ca ycralroBelil cJreAI{ or ynorpe6a - opagl{flTa cnyxeJrnraro rroxore, gr6qn Ha gbpn, cro6ern, cBpeAeJnr fi rrralr.a, Bcnqxn re ca $parr"renrupam.flonalurarnr ca n pa6orr{Jrnr{rlara cneA cqynBalre I{Jtu xgxa6xsaue, 3a Aa 6tAar o6pa6orenn nf,3rroJBBarrs BTopf,rrno. fl.gpa;ta ca n xpaf,-na Qaaa Ha excrrnoarurns, - or rtx He e Bb3MoxHoorAeJrflHero na [oBeqe ornoMrulr H ruracrlruu. Oprggero, nspa6orelro Brpxy luracrnlra crpaneqoBtrArro Eanpeqso ceqenre, Beporruo e xsry6eno cpeA KpeMbrruure ocranxu. Btrporr3BoAcrBoro Ea orJloMbrln E rulacrnnrr JrEncBa crauAaprlr3ar[rfl. Or cbn]TcrBalqrrenpof,3BoAcrBoro Ha KpeMtqHH opG,ugr upeAMerfi npl{ pa3rorrrure ca lraMepenrl cavo 4 peryllopa.Hspa6oreru ca or xpafi'rn pa3xroxex[.s Ha eJIeEoB por. B pa3Jrf,qua crerlen ca o6roperm npnnoxapa n ca uauepeEr{ EbB Qparr,reurapso crcrornne. ,{re or oprArrrra cera ca cnerleu[ E3IItno(o6p. 43), or rperoro f,3rlrno 3a[a3ena e npeAnara qacr, a rlerBbproro Moxe,qa 6rae Bt3craxoBenocarvro rpa$rqno. Axo ce c"bltrr rro Br{Aa rr pa3Mepl{Te Ea 3arla3elrHTe qacTrr, rIeTrIpETe opl,ryrs IIYa_JIn

npu6nnsureJrno epaKna Sopr'ra x roJreMnna. \tara 3a[a3euf, perylxopa ]rMar ABJDKsxa 12,5 nI1,7 crrr. 3arorosrara 3a B@ru or rrx e orpc3ana c Kp€MbrIeE nox (lurat cne4u), a 3aAnara crpanaEa optAnrra c ,qgaMerlp 2,1 u 2,3 cu - TaM, xaAero c pbxara ce yrpaxncBa Har[cK, e rpI{xJII{Bo3aruraAerra. flpegnara pa6orua qacr rra peryluopltre e cbulo Ao[urIIIITenno oQopueHa Karo IrI{cKaronuqua rnnaxuaJrocr c ArraMerbp 0,9 x 0,8 cu. Opt4Irnra rrMar cra6o l{3pa3ena KoEI{qHa Qopua, aAbJrrara RM oc e AbroBrrAno u3BtrTa. Axo npner"reM, se IIo BpeMe ua pa6ora peryluopbr e Abpxan cprlrcnara ptxa, c lr3B[Bxara Earope, EarucKar Bcpxy pr6a na xpeMbrluara 3aroroBKa e oxa3Bax cBbnrunur Mr Ea npeAnara uy pa6orna sacr. H n rpnre cJr;nrat Ha 3a[a3eHu rrp€Asu qacru ornocoqenoro Mrcro ca orqenenr{ no-MaJrxu RJrrr no-roJreMil orJloMrrgr (grrxuua l-3 cv) crranpaBnerrne KbM 3agrrara qacr Ha opbAl{ero. Peryuupanero 6es cbMHeHHe e Ir3BlpIrrBaHo Bbpxyonopna rrfloutaAxa, nafi-aeporrno grpnena5s.

EAugcrsenoro cBtplerencrBo 3a npon3BoAcrBoro IIa ornaAeul{ KaMeHIIn opbgns B

pa6omnmlara e e,ryo eArrocrpanno u3non3Bano rorIEJIo or MeK xaMbK c pa3Mepn ua pa6oruaratroBbpxnocr 0,18 x 0,11 u. To 6n MorJro Aa cJryxu E npn nspa6ornanero lra op\E',rs or xocr I{ por.CsgAerercrBa 3a raroBa rrporr3BoAcrBo ca HaMepeHnre a pa6orurrqara ocraIIKH or pa3nf,sxx IIo

86

O6p. 13. Pozocu PemWoPu om Pa6o'murvtwlArnA

O6p. 41. Kepa*ruuxu ducxoae om nepSopa4uoxcx cmaH 6

pa6omuntu4anta

BrrA XOCTII, OT NOI{TO e B13MO1HO AO6HBaHeTO IIa OpbAI{fl OT paEIIOEeOJIIITeE TUn: MeTaIIOAIIU OT

roBeAo - Arero;,"A"a-" peOpa'or oBqa./ro3a - AJrero n rJIa.4rJrKI{' cpt3aHa (r.e. uacrn'rxo

nan&r"""uj Or.Sfur" rocT oT cBslis - Apbxxa, MeTa[oAIrH oT eJIeIr - AIeTo' (ocr oT nrrrqa -AptxKa, r(ocT oT pr.r6a - IIII|ro; MI{AI{ - cTbpraJlxlr. Mex,qy Te3H KOCTI'I e HaMepeHa II rpeAHa

pa6or'a rracr or AJrero, Ea[paBe{o ot A"*" i'pi6t*" *oct, trafi-neporr'o rn6'a or oBua'/xo3a'

Trfi xaro 6par*errrri a arn"'o o6ropf,n, Tpaconoruqecrucr alraJlrr3 Ee Moxa Aa ycralroBl{ AaJrIr roft

e oT tr3[OJBBaIro, HJIII oT cb3AaBalqo ce opb.4re' ,-^ | -.

oco6en urrTepec trpe4l3Bl{xBaT EaMepeHI{Te Bbpxy noAal pa6oTuJIBIIIIaTa 4 KepaMRrIHn AIIcxa

C ryma B CpeAaTa. Ari ca IraMepeIIH qena, a ApyrtTe ABa ca $parrvrerrnpawil s oT rtx JIIrncBaT

tIacTIt(o6p.aa).Bqrwrr.ryIcKoBecan3pa6oTed6rnII{Hac6e.riuBapoBIrrbBIIBKJIIoIIeHu'.AsaraqeJru ca M'oro Cna6o E3neqeEH - ";;-xumO-xa0*Ba

s crernoxaSrBa lloBlpx'ocr' '{naraQparrvrenrnp"*t at"*" ""

no-noop" IBneqeHI{ qepBeEo-xaQ$ qnff, EO Ee e tcEo AaJII{ roBa

tro-A96po o[aJIBaEe Ee ge ALIIXI{ Ea yHEtrIoxIIJIf,t x]IqaTa oo*up' '{xcxonere rr"rar rpy6o

3arJra^eHa c prxa "o"ipo*. B qexrpalnara qacr lra Bcexn or rtx o''1e np11 MoAeJrr{palrero e

Ea11paBega no eAHa npt'O*antelno ryrrrungp1r.ilra Ayrtra. flo cremrre Ha AyrxI{Te 11a '4Bara llenu

.urcKa ce 3a6eJ63Bar rio 3--4 B€prf,xaJrrrn rrnrieftnn cJIeAu c lunpn.a o*oJro 0,2 c't, a Ea Esxofi Mecra

il;;dy;;l.n"Oo tttp".." 6as*r. B-.nPFnre ABa cnyqac e 3ara3e'a Marrxa rlacr or Blrpelurnra

troBbpxllocT na gynKrie 11 3aTOBa na6molep;fTa TaM ca 3aTpyAHeHa' Brnpexn ToBa IBBSSTIII{

yKa3algr 3a 11oAooHrI cJre4t TaM ca t".tt id ,[x-arrrerpure na qenrpaJII{HTe ryo*Ir ca l'6-l'8 cu'

,{uar"rerpn-r, ru *"*t"ril"" f S,2, 15,2',"i-{i5,S "Y,-" ne6ennrsie 3,9, 3,8, 2'9 u 3'9 cw'

Teuara rra Tpr{Te fio-roJreMlt Aucxa "d no o*otto 0,6 rr, a Ha no-Miul o*oJro 0'4 rr'

llpo6neurr 3a I{ETepupeTaII[cTa Ha onI{caHIITe xepaMnqHu AUCKOBe e cepuo3eH' Te ca

xp."1,'1{, Ho Bge rax RcMar RAeaJIEa *piinu Oopya' I{enipannara I{M AyIIKa e npx6lusnreJlno

4{nlrHApnqHa, IIo He u,qeiurHo rI[InHApUrtna, upn6ml3I{TeJIHO BepTItxaJIIIa' HO BCe IIaK He clBceM'

npn6-lInaureJls6 trO oCTa Ea 4{CrOBeTe' IIO BCe na1 ABeTe Ocll ie cbBnaAaT HaII6JIEO' Or qPyra

crpaHa, cJle,qrre.ro BarperuHltre cTeEH t" ryT1T-::{Y:t""neEo cBH'qereJlcrBar' 'Ie s rcx 6fiIa

xa6nra rpbrrxa (Arp;;;i, Kocio 6sra yKperena "1T: "_t:4 xrulrqera (nrpsenH)' CqemesNero

MexAy ocra r{ arr"*h ne 6nrro nAei.,,flo u npn ynorpe6a AonycKtlJlo u3BecrHo np'nJrb3Ba'e Mex'qy

ABere rroBspx'trH'. Cr"rgraue, qe ocraBenure cJreArr ca Bb3MoxHr{ caMo rIpH yflorpe6ara na

xeDaMUqHnTe AI|cxoBe xaro MaxoBnrlrl Ha nepoopaqfioHeE cTaE - nbpBHfT aBToMaTI{3I{paE ypeA

;;"#;ffi;;;ff,-"r"oro"au rp€ paiurr$a neornrr 3a upaBerre rra recHu AyrrKr{ npe,4rMHo B AapBo I{

tro-pr,qKo B Kocr. ^n;;;;d; 'upo6nei,an BIB Bpl3*a c .*tcxoBere or ClarRHa u3urexAar

Tr*

87

npencrcrBHe npgq uonoSsa lrlrrepfiperalll{f, caMo aKo c€ MrrcJrf,, qe Ha ype.qa e cJraraH eAuHMaxoBuI(. Axo o6aqe Ha qeHrpaJllraraAspBelta oc Ha nep$opargroHuufl crarr ce uocraBrr avau;1u 4.UlCKa' HeAOCTaTaIIIfTe uM IIpIl n3[oJBBaII€ xaTo BapTtIqI{ Ce qaCTI{ MOraT Aa Ce KoMneHCr{paTB3arrMHo qpe3 cnonyufl{Bo [g,rlpexAarre eAlru cupxMo ,qpyr. Clegorarenno cMrraMe, yeo6nrarelnre Ha xllqara or Cmrnna ca no3naBarrlr n sg[oJr3Bium nepeoparryorrHtrfl crag.Herogara cK-opocr crlope,{ IUIKoIT lr3cJreABaril{r e G--8 o6opora,/cex. Haucrur, xoftro

^ro*, a"H3Abpxn pa6orxara qacr or KpeMbrrEH ocrpuera, e 4-g-Krs7.

AbPBEHI4 IIEXAHKI,I

ocra'Kn're or oBb.ne.nre A'opBeEH KoHcrpyKrIHa ca pen{crpnparr' B roro3a[aA Hr4.fl nIorou3TorlHllf, srtJl Ha Kllqara xaro cuso-6cr Ao cnBo-qepex nrracr c A-e6enaua tro 2,5-3 c^r. l,t naABere Mecra [JIacrb-T nex-(

-Bbpxy lroAa na Kblqara E 3aeMa npx6msnreJrr{o ilpaBorrurrrg noJrera cpa3MepH 2,30 x 3,50 n 2,20 x 3,60 r'1. B orAelnn qacril or lrero Mnoro lo6ie nnrrfi crpyKTypara

Ha AbpBoro. -f,nso JlexaHxlrre 6unn aanpaBenl{ or A}cxR, noJr}ryen}r qp€ pa3rleuBar{e Ea .4bpBera.,{rcrure ca nocraBeHu yclopeAgo Ira AIJITI{Te cronu Ha x}uara, Nor{To rtbx Ha rosa Iugcro 6nru3aMa3aHrr e 6c,ta 6or (ur"ra ocgoBaHrre Aa ce cM.flTa, tre rro ToBa BpeMe 6croro e cHMBoJr rraIUroAopoAHe). IIo BcsKa BepoflTlrocr.@ere xoHcrpyKr[.ild 6uln a.4rrnarn Miurxo EaA noAa R axo cecbAH _no roBa, qe noAar noA Trx e pe.qoBHo 3aMa3BaH, re 6xlu noAB[rxHr.t.

KoucrarnpaHure ABJIxEHTI Ha ABere [erna 6eg crvnerore orroBapcr Ea pe:urxl(Te pa3Mepr{ HarolrcrpyKqfl nHHefiH}rre pa3Mepx Ea ,q]pBoro Aopr{ npn rnrapsHe He ce [poMegrrgblrlecrBeHo. BrsMoxHo e o6aqe eAIIo ,,pa3TsraHe" Ha ocraHKI{Te or JrexaHXHTe rro [ocoxa HaTflxrrara [rfiprrHa, c]craBexa Beposrno or He no_MaJrro or eAHa Ay3r{Ea AbcKH. Bcrqnocr raHallrero no-HararaluHo u3cJle.qBaHe OT CSUIeCTBeHO 3rraqeHl{e ca AaIrHr{Te 3a Atnxulrara HaI(oHcrpyKIII{Irre. Hpes rflx Moxe Aa ce- ycranoBlr npn6ru:nreJrnurr'5pofi ua oO"tar"rr"ri oaKGIIIarass' Kalo uuar"re npeABlrA, ve 2 egnaxnH roncrpyrrryH B rGrrlara ca caMo JrexaHxr{Te(mxlrovaaue 3lpnoxpaxuJlr{qara, Konro no seo6xo.u-r*oiic" rro"eqe oT eAHo), Aonyc1aMe, qe rfl eo6rranana or 2 po4crnenn csMeftcrna (na ABaMa 6parr?). flpn 4rnxuil-;;lr.*uornr. 3,50 u3,60 u Ha rflx Morar Aa cntr no 5 nrspacrur{ RJru no ABaMa Bb3pacrHr{ ll 4 aeq;. ir"p;r;Ao[ycKaHe I{3rJIexAa nafi-pealuo. Epoxr na o6urareJrr{Te Ha xaulara rrone [pe3 nocJreAnr{ff erafl HaH3roJr3Barre clopeA pa3Mepr.rTe Ha Jrexanxure Moxe la 6.a(e orpeAeneH Ha oKoJro 12 nymi _ 4B!3pacrrrr{ u 8 .qeqa. Toau 6pofi BeposrHo e MaKcr{MareH,

B naqaloro cnoMe'axMe, qe crelr'Te B ceBepo'3Toq'Hfl lrbJr Ha MaJrxoro [oMelrle'rte HocffTcJre'q'I or 6osAncrane c 6cra 6oc - KaKTo uprl ABere Jrexagr(H. Hsua Aa e Jrrrrueno or Jrornxa[peAIIOnOXeHHeTO' qe IETOqHaTa IOJIOBI{Ha OT ManKOTo noMeqegl{e e I{3rrOn3BaHa KaTO MrcTO 3aEotqyBaHe - oco6eso [pe3 no-ToIUIETe Mecer{n. Bce nax EsMaMe ocr{oBanr{e Aa cMsraMe, qe HaToBa Mflcro ca HorrlyB:rn[ xopa r{386H nocoseuns 6pofi.

Trfi xaro ce AoxocHaxMe no npo6leva oa 6por sa o6arareJrnTe, r.qe npoAbJrxr{M Aa r.opa3EcKBaMe 833 oclroBa Ea.qpyFH AaHHIT or Kblrlara. EAun or Hlrrq{x6rropr.rre crropeA aMep[KaHcrgsernoJror P. Hapon e xor[qesrBoro florpr{Ta xruruusra nnorq _ tTtO o, """ covn 6po.n nao6nraremrrese. Heronure pe3yJrrar' ce omrpar Ha rrr'poKr{ at"o.puft*n "poy""u"}rfl,

sa Bcr{qKr{xoETrrHeHTH H Aoc€ra ca rrpHJlararm 6es 3ar,pyAHeHufl 3a onpe,qenxne 6por na xH"eeqnte B H.flxogtrpilucropxttecfrI{ xI{JrHIrIa or flpe.ura A311160. Axo ce .qoBep[M Ha flocoqeHara or nero eopnayna,ule fioryqnM Berle Aocrr{THarrr p€3yJrraT - cfiopeA nex o6urareJllrre Ha Karrlara ot Cnatlnna caoxorro 12 (lI7 xn.*r:10).Baxen xprrepnfi ea 6por Ha xxBeeu&Te B eArro npancropfiqecxo c€Jruqe Hnn xgJrr{rqe ecLorEorueEllero Mex.q/ BI3MO)KHUfl rOArureH 3anac or 3lpIIeH[ xpaHu H ro.qulxHara HopMa Hanorpe6lenue or eAr{H qoBeK. Kuqara or C-narnna x^rc peF;.ara bssN{oxHocr Aa 6rAenpu6lnrxrenHo o[peAenen o6evrr Ra Eeftnure rrpro*f"""Jruula. B crryuax no-cepgo3err eupo6leurr 3a peaJrrro AorrycrrrMaTa e,ryoJrr{rtrra EopMa Ea ro.qilrrno norpe6lense. 3arona qe ceHaIIoxfi /qa [pIIBeAeM IItKoa AaI{HlI oT ApeBIrg:TTa Ao IIoBo BpeMe, oTuactrrlu ce sa o51rup"" p"fo"or flpegna Asnx Ao rlenrpanna Eup6na. Te ca B3err{ oi *o"re*cra Ha pa3nr{vRll o6ulecrna,@IroBHI{tr HaqEE 3a rrpe[HTal{I{e Ha xollro o6a're e cBap3an c npou3BoAcrBoro Ha xc6Tgr{ xpaHg.Cnope4 nncMelru u3rosnuua or III xun. np.

". e.' ,o.qr*Hara rropMa 3a uoTpe6lenxe na3aplreEu xpaEr{ s MoconoraMfifl e 432 xr sa N{txere n 216 Kr 3a xenuieot. Or rosa creABa, qe

cpeAlrara EopMa 3a B-b3pacrlrr{re e 324 rr" Karon cBuAereJrcrBa, qe ceJrcKocTonancKnre pa6brHi.rrgl$t uorqlraBar 335 xr 3tpHo, a rex-nr,rre xe 235 xr62; cpe/Fara EopMa 3a Bb3paorerr qoBeK e285 m. Cnopeg AaEbsHI{ AoKyMeErn or XVI B. 3aBr{crrMoro HaceJreuue n .(o6pyAxa ocgryprBa 3a

88

.,

ce6e cf, rro o1oJro 300 xr 3aplro ro.@ugo63. Brl ocgosa Ea nRcMeIm AoKyw{eIrrI{ e ycraHoBelro' qe B

paftona ua HorropoA rrpe3 XV-XVI B. MlrrruMuUIEaTa roAltruHa lropMa Ira ceJIcKoTo lraceJreHl{e e

245 xt 3tpno6a, Eo uogsrora.qocrrrra n go 400 n65. CnopeA Apyru u3q[creHns B no-HoBo Bp€Me B

Pycur Ha'rJraBa or Hac€Jrenr{ero e norpe6ruana pacrnreJrna xpana, xotro ce paBlrflBa sa 270 xrxllto ro.quurgo66. ,{aunure ra uorpe6lenr{ero Ira 3tpllo B oTAeJIHI{ qacrlr na fepuarnt npe3XVIf-XVIII n. rapnpar MexAy Z)S u 300 xr na qoiex or Eacerlenuero 3a e,Fa ro4ma6?.

B apxeolorn.Iecxara KFHxHIrrra ca H:urHIIe pe4nqa x[IrorerHqnx HopMn na no1pe6-nenl{e Ha

3lpHeHE xpann B ApeBHocrra, Konro o6rrnoneno ca rlpnqpyxeHrr c no-Kparra u-nn no-nunao6bcnosxa.3a eneoarrgoro rrac€Jregr{e B oa3l{ca feoroop (Cpealra Asur) F. Jft'rcrqlua npeAroJlararoAuruga HopMa 90-ll0 rr Ha qoger68.3a eseo-nRrnnr,[xefiryn B. Macos nprreMa lQprra oroKoJro 240 xioc, a 3a rracerenuero na Vg6exxcraH [pe3 II rurn. np. H. e. A. Acrapon n T. IllupnnonrrpeArronarar HopMa or 125 Kr ro.ururso?o. M. KoqQuan AorycKa, Ie_ -

3a xrlreJltrTe lrapinno6poneoeux,{eun{trxroK)x r Anaromar ca 6srm neo6xoAm*rn no oroJlo 320 rr 3bpuelil( xpann

ia emi roAnsa?,. X.Togopoaa onpeAeJrc ga o6urareJmre ua f.,{enuero rpe3 xaJrKoJrrrra

norpe6lexne or 210 xr12. C.Bn6uxos e rra MEeHr{e, qe rrocl{TeJrrrre Ha pa3Bl{Tara rpnrloJrcxaKyJrrypa nporcBexAaJftr 3a, ce6e cu oxoJro 192 xr 3bplro rogxrrrng?3. Hocnrernrre Ea mnefino-JregTecra xepaMg1a

" [.rip-ra Enpona norpe6mami cnopeA AonycKaHero na fi. Jlrcmrsr oKoJro

250 xr srpno B ro.urHarala.3a sbulara xyJrrypa K. Eaxelc Aorycra uoHe ABa Bapualrra Ha

norpe6nenue Ha 3spHeur{ xpaur{ B 3aBucr{Mocr or l(onllqecrBoro Ao6nnano ueco. Cuope.q fllpBuflrapna"r (npn 65Vo pacrurelun xpaxn B floplryona) norpe6n_e-rxero Ira xlrro e 208 xr, a npu BTopntrapuant (C 80% pacrnrernru xpamr) - 255 rr roAuuruo?s.

llnrepec upe.rlcraBnflsar rr 2 uscJrcABalrns, ocHoBaEIr Ha 6gonornqrnrre norpe6rocrfi Ha

qoBexa " li"poni. Cnopea uapBoro - Ha K{upI u Xacyel76, Mur{IrMaJrgara ro.uruma HopMa e

210 xr xnmo 31pHo, a c11opeA BToporo - sa E. Heycryulru n I{. .{aopxaK11 , Ta3fi HopMa e 200 rr'lI s .urere ngcrbAsagflr roArorrrrara HopMa e cla6o 3aulrxeua, 3alqoro ce I(Ma [peA!E{' qe Bxparrara Ha npagcropnq@x[Te 3eMeAeJrrlil yqacrBar n pacrl{TeJrlil [poAyKTu, KoI{To ca go6nru vpes

cr6uparencrno.'Kupr""atu Ea rBJroxeEETe Aarrrrr e Aocra parnoo6pasua. Bce ilax ce sa6ertlnaroErleHrpHpaHe IIa AorytderlTarElfre cBRAeTeJICTBa I{ AOrryCraEI{flTa 3a roAI{IIIEaTa e/{FOnUqHa

;;il" xL norpe6negne B rpaHnrlrrre Me1rAy 210-320 Kr 3bpnens xpaHl{. Haurero npeArloJroxeuue

3a rojrnuilrara xpaguTeJma'HopMa na o6urarernTe Ea Ktqara or Clarnna ule ce ocaoBe o6aqe na

oi"*.q"u*"ra ia 6nolorrqnsre norpe6nocrrr Ha qoBeKa n Enpona. _Herosnre IryxAI{ or xnrHo3tpuo ca B paMKr{re na 20G-210 xr s fo,[Enara [pI{ 3aAlJrxHreJIHo Ao6assHe Ha Apyru pacrl{TeJrHH

xpaHE B [opqsoHa. 'frfi Karo rrpeAroxerrara HopMa e MtrI{nMaJrHa I{ HtMa npeABEA HtKorI

erenryannu iary6n npu cMnnarrero Ea 3bplroro, npl{eMaMe, qe peanHara MrrIruMaJrEa roAI{IIrEa

;;p#;;A "i2+O

*irrpno. Karo nuaue rpeABIr,( pa3rll{Kara B KormsecrBoro Ha norpe6rnaRara

oT Mtxa E xeEaTa xpaHa, cMrTaMe, qe peaJrHaTa MI{HHMaJIEa HOpMa c€ oTHact trMeIrHo 3a xeHaTa'

B uocosegme rtpllMeprl ca uI{TUpaEn ,(OKyrueIITaJrIU Aa-IIHIT 3a KOJIIIqeCTBeIIa]la pa3Jr[Ka B

uop*{ona Ea Mtxa E xenara - nopqaonbr Ea Mrxa e c l/3 lo l/2 flo-roJrf,M. Hue npuer"rar're

parrtn*" or oKoJro l/3, r.e. ro,qr{rrrna EopMa na norpe6lenrre Ea sbpEelru xpaErl or Mbxa oKoJro

t6o xr. or xasarroTo cJreABa, qe cpeAHaTa ro.4{IIIHa HopMa Ea Bb3p_acTeH numBIlA B

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oxpaHI{TeJrII Ha )KnrHoro 36pIrO.

92

gbA - CTPOI4TENHA XEPTBA

B ceaepora[a,quu{ SrLJr Ea Kblrlara, B [bpEoHaqaJIH]Ir uoA - Mex.qy [Jracra or xrJrro-3eJreuarJrrrna r{ rtlpBerrnr rp€AopeA, e EaMepena SparueuTupaHa xepaMurrna xyua c pucyBaua yrpaca(o6p. ,$6). ,fioauara ri 'racr sbc croJrqero (?) .mrncaa - upu upoxorraBagero rra rpagruerra 3acrerrrrre Ha [o-Kacnoro xnJTrlqe resn Qparuelrrn ca )muuloxenn. 3auasesara qacr o6aqe eAocraraqua 3a Bb3sraHoBrBanero na Qoprr,rara Ea cb4a - norrycQepnqua xyra cbc cna6onpoSunnpax rraBbn ycrnerr pr6. flourpxnocrra e sepBeua, amo6xpana. Kynara e yrpaceua orBruc ocnoBrra xoMno3nrurc ,,Begerl Ha ruroAopoAnero", rl3rtaruelra c 6sna 6os,. CrArpxa 8 serarusm{cmrpiuroMearrApoBrrAmr MorHBa. B npu6nnsrrrenno rpnbrbJrnrrre upocrpancrBa MexAy rrx cao$opr'.renn HoraruBrrrr eJreMeHTIr - oKplxnocrg orrope H rptroBe orAoJry. flo4 ycrxero Ha caAa eocraBeHa Herarlrrna JreHTa, B Korro e pa3[oJroxena [oAygrnftnara yKpaca - 6 rpynu 6erm ro.rrnHelocpeAcrBeuo noA yyrwitwnt pr6. ,{uar'rerbpbr Ea ycrxero e 0,24, a MaxclrMaJrms,flT - 0,27 u,flpeAuolaraeMara Br{coquua Ha Kyflara e oKoJro 0,14 v.

Cr.qrr 6Hr nocraseu Bepocruo B nopM:uruo noJlgxeur.re Bbpxy rpau6onannfl xbJrro-3eJreHruracr Ea noAa B MaJrKoro noMerrleHr{e, Ra oKoJro 1,50 ra or 3ala,urara Ir Ea oxoJro 0,60 u orc€Bepuara creua Ha Krrrlara. Crel rona 6m nplrrlrclrar c rpe4opeAa il Harpouen. B nero lrManoxpaHa, KorTo oT Harp.sBaHeTo npu qeteHacoqeEoTo I{3III{qaIIe Ha [oAa e ocTaBI{JIa cneAl{ Brpxyrrf,KoJrKo Qparuenrael. Es3 crMHeuue KepaMnrruara xyna c xpana 6una urpageua B ocuoBara lraKbrqara raTo cTpor{TenHa xeprBa.

flpnuacruero Ha xeprBa nprr crpoex e nmpoKo pa3rpocrpatreu o6fiqafi n Crapur cBrr - ornpancroptrqecxara enoxa qax Ao Harrrx ryve2. Cr"mc-ralr Ha crponreJrrrara xeprBa cnopeA rro-xbcrrara rpaAnrrr{f, Ee e HaBcrxb,q,e paBHo3naqen. Ts ce cMqra xaro upulroureHl{e 3a AyxoBere -cronaHu Ha 3acrposBara 3eMr, r{JrR xaro Bb3Me3Ar{e 3a HapaHsBanero na Mafixara-3er'rn; upaBn ce3a cneqerBarrero Ha Ayx - na3nreJr ua uocrpoiKara, u:rtr nlx [oJroxeHu.sr xeprBeH npeAMer c€MRcJrrr 3a Marrrecxo cpeAcrBo sa or6mcxBane Ha 3Jrlrre cnrre3. floscevecruoro pa3npocrpanelrueEa crpor{TeJrnara xeprBa B ApeBnocrra e npeAE3BI{KaEo or BtpBanero, qe BcflKa nocrpofixa nuefiuure o6nrarelu ca 3aruIaruenr{ or pa3pyulaBaue u Helrlacrxe; caMo fipuHactHero Ea xeprBaMoxe Aa ocfiryprr 6raroAencrBxero Ha AoMa"

IIpu apxeorormecrfiTe npoyqBaHr{r rreBuHaru Moxe Aa ce Ql'rxcllpa crpolrrenHara xeprBa.Trfi xaro xeprBenl{Te rlp€,4\'rern ca rlocraBtr{R rroA ocHoBETe Ha greHara, troA rleqra rIJrrI

orgr.rrqero, I{n11 uoA noAa (r. e. Bnuan{ c(pnrrr noA Ir}IBoro, Btpxy Koero uporilqa xnnorrr), npur"rsoroclofiEu npancropuqecxn ceJrnua o6rruoseso re ce flpneMar Karo qacr or MarepuaJruaraxyJrrypa Ha AoJrrrur crpor{TeJren xopr{3onr. 3a rosa Aonpuuacc H roJrtMoro pa:noo6pa3l{e Ha

npeA1,rernre, Bry)axAafltr Karo xeprBa. Tpyano 6nxue rrl II3I]€AI{Jm Aopn, Ho trIe nocotrtrM, rle

xeprBanero na KepaMurren cbA c xpana (xarruro € onfican{tr cly.Iafi or Clarrna) ce cpeua qecro

xaio crporreneu o6nqaft B pa3JrHqEH enoxf, n pafiouuea. 3acera e rpyaso Aa ce raxe AaJrxnpeAcraBeEara Btpxy cbAa or Clarxna oclroBra xoMrro3urlnc ,,BeIreII Ha lr.rloAopog[ero", qutrocrrMBoJmI€ @ gborlracc c roIururnl{r u BeqHr{s crbnqeB rrbres, e rrpflro cBbp3ana ctc cMrrqbJra Ha

To3n panrroneoJlnren o6uuafi, rro BbB B@Ktr urylalt re tBEo Ire cn flportrBopeqar.

HI4IUA B IOXHATA CTEHA

Haunpa ce Ha oxoJlo 0,50 M or E3TorIHEs BarpeureH braJl Ha lcrlqara rr Ha BI'IcolIHHa oKoJIo

1,80 ru or ocnoBara.Vlvra KoruepoBru,Ha Sopua, Brrcoqnna 0,26 u, gtn6ovxna nprr ocuoBara C,18 lr

O6p. 46. Kepauuuna xyna c ,nrcpucye@u yKpaca - cmpormrerura ?tcePmea nod noda

HA xUAu4emo

I

93

(narope nocrenenno nar"ralxaa) ll unrpuna Ha ocxoBara 0,10 t"t (o6p. 47). Pr6orere lra orBopa carao6lexn.

Brpxy noAa rro,u Hr{nJara ca HaMeperu 2 xepar'rnqun craryerxr (o6p. 48). XencxaraaxTponoMopr[na Srrypa e cnenena or ABa rrca ilIIfira 6ee crrpraalrl eJreMelrr MexAy rflx n cJIeAToBa u3neqena. flpe.{craBr ceAcrqa xega, Ho B ,[ocra cxeMarllqeg nuA. 3a.urrre qacrn ca crurnoy4e6elenu, AorHrrre xpafi'mrryr E roprrara qacr Ea rf,lloro ca caMo 3ararnarrt. Prqere Ee canpeAcraBenn. flo up€Auara qacr Ha craryerKara Bepotrno 6n[a nauecesa6flna yxpaca, Ho cera rtmr.m cra6o rro eAmcrBeno 3arra3enara JrrBa [oJIoBrIHa na nso6paxeHuero. 3anagena Bucossna -4 crra (rraaaxa qacr or ropuru Asr Ea rfioro nrncra), 3a[a3ena Ilr{pHEa - 4,3 o'r (uacr or AorHusrpai'rlr nmcaa). .(pyrara KepaMrrrna Qnrypa e soor'rop$sa s 6eg cbMHeHEe npe4craox 6rr.Hso6paxerxero clulo e Aocra cxeMaruqHo. Mogerurpano e or eAlrlr xrc urrrua, xaroAorrBnrrureJruo ca yAbJDr(eEH porara H ca rrocraBelru 3aAnHTe Kpaxa (cera resn Ao6asxu ruucrar).floxaganu ca Lfyr{yr{Kara H onaruKara rra xnBornoro, a gLlqo e HanpaBelr onlrr Aa 6rAc noxagagopeleQrroro yAe6enerre no ArJrxtrHara rra rup6a My (r.e. rprbuarnnc My cru6). Beporruo olqeflpeAn rrsuuqauero craryerKara 6wta u3rl-f,no noxprrra c [Jracr 6sna 6or. Bncosusa Harro6paxenuero - 3,8 cu, IrrHpI{Ha - 3,2 cM, AbJrx[Ha - 5,8 cu. Cuopeg peiulnltre uMnapBonaqanxrr pa3Mepr{ ABere KepaMurrHn Qxrypu 6unn npn6m{3nTenno e.[HaKB]r uo Brrcoqnxa.Cnpruo ,qeHorarure cu o6aqe anTponoMopQnara craryerra rrMa npeAnMcrBo - [p€.qcraBsqoBeuroro rsro B uarqa6 oKoJro l:20, Aoraro soouop$Hara ce HaMIrpa cnprMo 6nx crc cpelmrpa3Mepn B gLoruoruesue oxoro 1:40.

Hauupauero Ha ABere o[ilcaxr{ rrJracrr.rtruu nro6paxemrr 6rnrso eAxo Ao Apyro noA Er{[raratro3BoJrrBa Aa Ha[paBtrM [peA[oJroxeur{ero, qe rtxnoro Mtcro e 6nao B lref;. [nere QnrypnMoxeJrH Aa e cr6epar Bapxy ocHoBara Ha Elrluara B e.q{H peA, eAxa Ao Apyra.

flpu ruxyBaxero r{a ABere craryerxtr 3rraqexue uMa rtxHoro cbBMecrlro IraMnpaue, yKpacarac6sna 6or, ornocureJrHo no-eAporo aHTponoMop$no nro6paxenr{e. Bcnqxn resu oco6eHocrrr eABaJM ca clyuafinH. Brnpexn rpy4nocrra 3a eAHo3EaqHo rbnKyBaHe cMflraMe, qe ABere $uryputrpeAcraBrr nbpBara B paHxo3eMe,qeJrcxara perrrfio3no-MnTororrlna cxcreMa 6oxecrsena AsofrKa

- 6ornnsra Mafira n 6ora Eur. Haft'paHnr{Te cBHAereJIcrBa, qe ABara nepconaxa ca MI{cJreIru orApeBxrrre 3eMeAeJrrF xaro 6pavuf, naprrbopn, RABar or flpeasa A3uce6 u ce oruac.f,T KbMVII xrur. np. E. €. flpeAcranennre ryK uso6paxenuc or Craruua, Aarr{paHx B Eaqaroro EaVI xnn. np. H. e., ca nafi-pannoro 3acera c€plro3no AoKa3aTencrBo 3a ,,[pexB]plruero" Ha nrpoara6oxecrseHa,qsofua ra Eaponeftcxns KoHTrrEeIrr.

Cnope.u r{HTepnperar$f,Ta Ha unoro6pofiHrlTe IIaHHI{ or panno3eMe.ueJrcxlrre oenuula B

Ilpeana Agns u lOrougroqna ErponaeT 6ornncra Mafi.ra n 6orrr Bnx ca MrrcJIeEu or ApeBIrI{Texopa Karo cb[Iuocr R TBopry Ha ycBoeuoro npocrpancrBo, rra KocMoca. Or rexnur 6pa.ren crrcsexeroAno Ea rrrrBara B B AoMa ce paxAa xlrBor. Taxrs HarrIrH Ha MEcJreEe Bepof,Tuo ne e 6rut ryxgu na o6nrareJrltre lra Ktlrlara or Clarnxa. Krrr,r roBa Iil EaBexAa n $opvara Ha Hrruara, B roqroca crofJrr{, a Beporrno B xocro c r.sx c n3BbpruBanu Irf,KaxBIr o6pelx. Tr e cxo,qra c nao6paxeHx TaEa ByJrBa, xapaKTepEH 3a pr{cyBaHaTa paHrroHeoJIIITHa xepaMHKa oT qerrTpaJrHaTa qacT HaEarmancrnr [onyocrpoBes. PaeueAanu B To3lt acnexr, Irrurara-BynBa r{ ABere pa3rrorroJroBnnso6paxennfl [oAcra3Bar cJroxen Ha'rtln Ha MIIcJIeEe - 6orrnsra Mafua paxAa cBot cHE Enx (cpn.c r{38@rrrara craryefia or tlarar Xrcrcr), rofiro craBa nefin cupyree. Or Apyra crpana, EulrrarananoAo6cna n.reren xoruep, a cnopeA ApeBnara rnTorlnocp€.u3eMrroMopcxa rpa,ryrru{r nqerara e

rrouoprsna na 6orrncra Mafira (noumora lr EeI{E orvnor) H e rrenocpeAcrBeEo cB6p3arra c6[xaroo, fllno e, qe pe]rneAaH Ir or ra3l{ rneAHa rollra, otmcaulrtr KoMrrnexc oe [o,q,.n(aBa HarruTepnperaqr{fl or Bnr,a Ha Berre [peAroxenara. Kaganoro norBrpxAaBa rs3ara, qe ABerecraryerxu or Cnarnsa ca orpaxeHue Ha ocEoBIrEx paEno3eMeAencrr MIrr, qrrero cb[IecrByBane B

peJrrrrlro3rro-MtrTororuqnara cf,greMa Ea paHEoHeoJrETEoro 3eMeAeJrcxo-cxoroBr.qro o6rqecrso sqenrpalno6aJrraucxara gona 6enre [peArroJroxeno upeErr rrxlroro lraMrrpane, Eo Bc3 oclroBa lraprcyBanara opnaMelrralln.fl Bbpxy EfioIt KepaMrqxf, clAoBelor.

C snurara np[rrrotrBaMe pa3nrexAanero Ea cboprxeHl{tra, qnero Ir3rroJBBaIIe e cBbp3alrocrc c$epara Ha peJrnmo3no-Mrrronortrsroro MEcJreHe. Hne ru pa3rneAaxMe uoorAeJrxo f, rf,EnTepnperxpaxMe rroorAeflHo, Ho E Ma gbMHeH[e, qe re ca $ynrrurorspaJrtr xaro €JreMeFrH B €AHarlrnocrua ctrcreMa. Yxagarlre 3a roBa e E crreqtrOnqnara I{M TonorpaQrr a K6lqara. Te capa3uoJroxem npn6nn3ureJrrro uo eAEa JrtrERt c nocoxa ceBep - rcr. Tagu rt{mu.fl. e rrosrlrycnopeAHa rra eArrnr{r.qraron:ul Ea raulara, rro Bce trax cboplxenutra ocTaBaT 3anaAno or nero. BceBepnr{r xpafi na ra:}rr oc ce EaMupar cb.r(br - crpotrTeJrna xeprBa, rr MoAeJrbr - xnnrlrqe Ea

AoMarrrxrrr .qyx. .qBere EaxoAftr c{I cBrp3aEE c llttcurara crerlen na pengrfio3Eo-MuroJrorrquaracrrcreMa, c lyxoBere oxpaHrrren{. Moxe 6n garoga re c€ HaMnpaT cpeqy nafi-uenogxo.uflIrlara B

xrfiMaruqso oruoruenne crpana - ceBepa. Ha apymn rpafi na ocra e HanpaBelra Hrrruara c ABererlnacrr{qurr nro6paxeunr B Her. Kor"ruercrr e cBbp3au c B}rcurara creneu lra peJrurl{o3uo-

94

O6p. 47. Huwa d ,o*Hcono cmena Mt ,Eunu4emo (pexon-cmpygua)

O6p. 48. Kepattuvuu cmamyemKu: toouop$ua (na 6ux)aumponouopSua (w *ew)

MuTOromqHaTa cRcTeMa, c TBoprr@K[Te c''nrs B xocMoca Ir Moxe 6n garosa 3aeMa Baf-6laroupHrrrrara xJrrMarnqua uocoxa - rcra. B qeurparmara 3olra Ea oqeprauara oc ce HaMI{paxoJlorrara (xononnre?) c xeprBerrara sMa. Kyrrrr rrM xoJlonara e cBbp3au c lrAetra 3a cBeroBnoro/IlpBo r.I nopaAn ToBa c noAAtpxanero rra rr€Aa B rocMoca - 3aAbJI]KI{TeJIIIoTO yCJIOBI{e 3acbqecrByBanero Ha o6qecrBoro. Crana rcxo, se rpure xyJIToBE Mecra B Kblqara rlp€AcraBtrpasHo3eMeAeJlcxaTa pe[trrno3Ho-METoJrorHrrHa cl{creMa B HerEara [I]€AnoJraraeMa rltnocr. BpaMxI{Te * ce Ha6enmBar cbulo Htxon olro3l{qru: HalrpuMep ,,xelra - fi11a", ,,ceBep - 191"', -AoJIy

- 1gpg". flpann Bneqarrenrre orqe n rporrrnocrra Karo 6eler Ha caxp:urnocr.Haxpar Iqe o6BpHeM BHuMaHue r{ Bbpxy erua Apyra oco6eHocr, [o3Hara B lrayrara 3a no-

xacHu eTanH oT HcTopr{qecKoTo pa3BHTf,e - cbtr3MeplrocTra Ir cTpyKTypHoTo cxoAcTBo MexAyxuJrnrrlero rl qoBeruKoro rrJro. B crytrac xaulara or Clarnna HocLI npeKn AaHEI{ 3acbu3Mep[Mocrra Ha ABara o6exra. Bece nocoqnxMe, qe nplr grpolrrencrBoro Ha xtulara e

n3[oJr3BaEa MepHa eIulHurla c A]JDKrrEa 0,42 U n qe ra3r{ eAuEI{qa BcblllHocr rpt6Ba Aa cepa3rJrexAa raTo paBHa Ha IaKaTc Ha cp€Arro Br{coK rloBex. c rasu e,4nE}rua ca H3MepeHI{ oclroBlrure

I

95

xOpusOHTaJIHI{ oTceqKII npg gTpouTenCTBOTO' VCtasoseRara npR6'nxturenao BucotII{Ha I{a

cres'Te, a cbnlo n Arn6oqunaTa ;a Ha6HBaHe Ha eJreMeIITrrTe oT EoceqaTa creIIHa xoHcTpyKIII{t

noxa3BaT, rre l{bpBerilrTe KoJroBe cbIIIo ca 6u-nr'r clx:uep]rMs c I{3noJBBaHaTa eAnHHua - Ts c€

rrarracf,l& B Tgx T rrLTI{. ToBa ce orlract r{ 3a ABere Hr{cKI{ qeHTp:uIHu Hocerr${ xoJloHtr' Bncoqusara

rra TpeTaTa e x1anoTeTgqlla, EO B npueTgc oT IIaC IIO ApyItr Cbg6paxexlrt BRA Ha 116xpuBa Tt cbulg e

xpaTEa Ha JraKbTf - 14 II'bTu. Brnpern HecnrypHocTTa Ha BepTI{K{UIHRTe npecMfTaHHs r{MaMe

ocrroBaHHe ,ua npeAflonoxrrM qeJreHacoqerroTo rbpceHe Ha cruiuepuruocT. Moxe 6n rs e 6nJIa

Bax'a [peAuocraBx; ga rpafiHo ycBosBalre fi BKrIorIBaHe B xocMuqecKara crpy*Typa Ha

EOBogBAaAeIIaTa BeuI - B Cnyqas HoBHt AOM. 3aCerEaTHfiT [po6JIeM e qBEO AOCTa CJIoxeE 14 Bl3

ocrroBa Ha H:urnrrgxTe AaHEn 3acera rre Moxe Aa 6\Ae pa3rrcxBag nlrnrollenno.

tt*

Kruara oT craTHHa AaBa pr,4KaTa Bb3MOXIIOCT Aa 6rAe nscIeABaIIO nO.4pO6HO BbTpeIIIHOTO

yCTpOfiCTBO, XO9TO, xaXTO CTaHa 9CHO' IIOCE 6orara nn$Opr'laUnc 3a pa3Jrffrlgll CTpaHu OT XI{BOTa

Fa paIIHo3eMeAeJIcKo;; o-6rqecrso. Konrpetrnrte xgJlenur, Qnxcnpanu B Kblrlara' MoraT '{a 6aAaT

pa:lrJtexAaEtr B olAeule oT TJIeAIIa ToqKa Ha eAIIO HOBO' IIO-BIICOKO RtrBO Ha HayqIIOTO 3EaIIHe 3a

;;;;;". Tqxnara HnTepnperallnfl Moxe Aa 6lAe npoMenelra' ropl{rnpaua E cw crrypHocr -i6""""at". Ho gRasegtreT; na cr6pamre r{ rry6JrI{xyBaI{E TyK AaHHH ce ocsoBaBa Ha Ttxlroro

e,rFHcTBo, T. e. BcfKa HaxoAXa B cJlyrat Moxe na 6i4e n3cJIeABaHa caMa 3a ce6e cu' Ho [pe3

np'3Mara rra KoHTe;il;ffi " au'o'6r**fl tr 6e3 cbMrrenr{e B r{3Becrua creneu t onpeAens. Bcsxa

HaxoAKa B xuJrrruler;;;;;t eAHa Sr.{Kcrrpa'a cucreMa r{ Hefirrara rr'reprperallnt B}t'arr rpsoBa

Aa 6bAe B €Ar{rrcTBo C rrETeplpeTaqlltTa IIa qulaTa CncreMa. TotH uaqux Ha pa6oTa e cBbp3aH c

TpyA'ocrr{, Ho rofi BtB Brlcoxa crerren E3xJrIorIBa rIpoH3BoJrHtrTe ralKyBawfifl u e KpI{TepEfi 3a

Ao6ruxaBaHe Ao Hcrl{Hara.

r 3a Eacr'a Ea 3acrBaxe Ea JrxMeqrrTe rr. flRyruernq,3. 3ei"retretrse !-paHI{eM Tpruonre (no 'AanflblM

noaeo6orarxxn), - B: nip"oO"o""" apxeononrf - nosar,, E BaxoArn. Ksen, 1980, c' 234'

2 flaleo6orasuqec(risr arrzurrr3 rra npobn oJ oBaurel{ara 3rpnexa Maca e Hanpanes or Elexa .{o'reea (Feoloufrecro

"p"grptt ii:-* n"6op"topo x3cncABa'nt - Co4xr)' Cpr' crarrrra B cbl'.'t roM'

r cturara ro'crararls, 3a oB.".,1ega stpnlxa Maca or pafirroneoJrrmaara @JrIrrrIHa MorrrJra qaBAap Bx' y

Dennell,R. Archaeouotafr'"ri-f"ify f".niog'io E_,l.op":- Aichaeology, 1978,^No 1,.p.' l0'"'--;'d;;"".i",n.-s"'*r""q" n'Emaprr. - Irlss. Erm.6or. Apyx., 3, 1929, c. l7l.

5 K.napr,F. Ar";;;;;;-n"po"al Srosornrqecrral orepx. M., 1953, c. ll9.6 3a *glroxror Apynr Hasn'r 3a rrpe_Maxgalre 11a rureBrre.ax_. {ypre.}i. orepxx tro l{cropr{s rexHKrs ApeBlr€ro

Bocroxa.M.-J1., 1940,c.'28;Liining,J., v"ot#J-slrr..ni.r'aoro#'*'Experiment'-Arch6olosieinDeutschland'1986. No t, p. 7; Bcranova,M. Zur Frage i;r"Ji;; a;;'G"twirtscrtafi im Neottnikum und Aneolithikum in

iliri;d";p;.'- Arch. rozhledv, 1987' No 2, p' 166'7 flo Aannn ""

*.i* 6iooa""n nr*iApa6aggrea,or_c. Ap-aua, 9v6orcro. cnopea c'rarxcruqecru AaI{Hrr 3a

nepHoAa 1903-l9l r ,. triono",ii. Gon"".r"'s",'liapxr. c., 1916, c. 162) cpe,quoro xerronr{rpoBo reulo Ha rpoH3BeAeHo-

iotr*|.ta.* t"p"o " nl*apii'i CSA rr. flo Aamrs r,a H. C t p a t c r n (wr' crr', c' 243) 3a lrbpBrre 3 ref,;etunetuz Ha Bera

TOBa Tcrno e 484 xr. Karo ruave [peABsA, qe ADy3rpH€crlrrr nEMeIl e no'Tex3r oT eA8o3rpHecrf,r (crpaacxn'n ITcw.,242--243), a s rrpnis;t" crec or C;Iarsna npJo6aa4ara HMcHEo eIEo3lpEecru'f,T (raeFo c AIrBaTa eAHo3rpHeHxa)'

npneMaMe cpe.Glo xerTofflrpoBo renlo 3a ra-tf, cM@ 450 xr'r crpa".*r,u.'Tlirl"A;;';2;;m; gii-""nr, 3. KyrorvpHhre pacreHnr ceaepxoro Flprrepuouoprr'

flaneoerHo6orasr{qccrrde rT".o.-"*"*k"-;i;,-i986, 15--76; Beranova, M' II"r'crq'' c' 166''^***,'^a;;;;;;; il.-"i6;&;. ;oqxilcxr no,{ix. -'B: }Ir6p. rpy.uore . c., te14, 5r-s2.

ro Eyxopeullnea, E. Ilpxxoc xEM [3yqaBaHe [oqBeBHTe rf,rroB€ n Co$nicroro noJre' - roa' Co0'yrrua' Arp'

r[ax., 7, 1928-1929, c. 473.---"' ir Crpaxcxx, H. 3a mr'leqa..., c' 250'!2 IIo Aa'sx, *6;;;;i-"itp"i,tnt t*t"x,uy 66 H 80 roqx6 ) untfupmaropx - 3eMeAerIc(E crora6l o.1 6xnuero

*"t gflfifi;pMau'trra c troJryqe'a or L1prxa Scera (?0 roAr{nx) x flcrrp Apa6aaxxes (62 roanror) or c' '{pana'

flu5olcro, nPer 1986 5'ra Borer, c., d. Kosarer.3evege:rxero s Eanrapun. C., 1934, c.355; Max.lpaxor, fI' xursn pacreHrt'

Tpraxa, 1937, c. 5.-'"--'Jt Kotf*"oo, M. Demircihriruk' l' Mainz, 1983' p' 212'16.flxyrueaur, 3. Haxo.Ec" uyrr"ryp*i pu"t""r* E3 no3Age3lreonrrsq@rEx cJroeB c. orvapoao' - B:

Togopona, X., B. Bacules,3. Iry*",i""'r'ap.-g""upo"o. C., 1983, c. ll4 (no AaIrHn xa E' Cro;reroaa)''- i, g^iy111eru,r, 3. Kynrrypuue q1Te1y..., c. 75'

18 Beianova' M. {irr' ii't', c' 168, 177-178're A" PaAyHseDa Aonycxa [orryq:rB:IfieTo Ha 30 rr srpuo or 'qerap [pe3 uPaficTopl{qecxaTa enoxa

(Ilpancropn.rec*u "oo*".

-- B: P-asrrrn" ti ta*..qitto"to no 6amapcxnre reun' C', 1981, c' l7)' IIar 3a To3tr rrepuo'U

X.ToAoposu nprr*"'ypoiuho* or 180 g;il;'lT;;;poaa,'X', C. PIaaxor, B' Bacs'res n Ap' Cernuurara

;;;ff n'p"-forri*ro A.'";;;: C".:-6i5,'L.75). B xayuara xHrxlIEHa ca n3Ka3atrH oure peanua npe'uroiroxeEHt 3a

Dar{Ho3eMe.rerrcr'rc Aooss' or xrrHrr Kynr}?t t ;;;;;t6;F.lgF;P9ll' Te oapnpar or 40 ao 105 rrz'qra (L fr n i n g'

i. ;;;i;;Ghi pnte.i : Fundbcrichte aus'ftressen, 19-20, D79-1980. p. & v unr. n'r.)'20 6orer, C., fil'fo""l;;. li;.

"*"., ie9-3S0,407; Ilonor, K. IJ,rr' c6'r', c' 183'

96

2r nar raM, c, 162.22 Cnolr€A'nnrpopMaqgrra xa II. Apa6a,qrreB or c. .{paua, .flu6oacro.23 Crparcra, U. h JrsMeqp. .., c. 249,

____24 TpaconorrrrocnrtT arygq c EaupaEen oT Haralrr Craryr - Excucpn,rerrarro-Tpaconorn€cra la6oparopxrr JIOHA - Carrr flercp6ypr. H. Crarpr trpc,qllorara, qc opl4rero e E3troJnBaao raro lrornra. Torara o6ace B motanscryraf, ne M_9re Aa 6a.qe o6rcnexa F3rEesara acrMerpnr B rBH@Darrero na pa6ornara My qacr, a gEIlIo r E ron Apyrrrnerorn 4eraf,.rn. OcEen rora nrnef,snre cJreAr ca ycnopeAlrx, Aoraro npr Mor[rara re raro qe Jrr r3JraSar or eIcH qeHTf,p,Ee ca ymoPc.qlx. (Cps.Acrapor, A., T. Illnpnnoa. Haroxerlasr coxx m,{xapxyraxa. - ltcroptr uarepxanurolxyrrbrypbl Yr6enrcrana, 18, 1983, c. l7).

" TyI nlc tr@oqr M caMo HffoJrxo tr3cneaBasrl B rorTo c qErrrpaxa qrJrara xxnxrotxa no npo6aerna: Liining, J.I{rr. crr.,55-{8; Beranova, M. IIm. crq., l5}-156; CeMeHoE, C. flponcxox,qerrre 3eMJreAeJryt. IL, 1974,212-2i4iKpacnon, lO. .{pcrncilnnre ynprrrlbrc naxorabrc opyAm. M., 1975, 145-161.

26 Liining, J. I{rr. ov., 6l{8.2? E.rararcxui, B,3evneAernre D axTrrqr$rx rocyAapsrBax Cerepxoro flpxvepnovoprr. M., 1953, c, 162.

't K o n c t a n r tr H o B, H. 3eue,uenxero r Bunapnr npe.un Ocro'6oxAerilrero. - C6. xap, yMorBop. 26, 1912, 62--44,ii Cp".o6uln Aaslur 3a ro3n rnn xpoMer r: Cecil-Curwen, E. Qucrns. - Antiquity, ll,-1937, 135-136.30 Meurers-Balke, J. Experimente zum Anbau und zur Verarbeitung prahistorischerGetreidearten.

- Arch.Informationet, 1985, No l, ll-16; Kxnr, X. Bosro.rao€ Cpe,ureunor,aoprc i gperxefiruyro enoxy. M., 1970, 39---40;Cevcxor, C. qnr. ws..,278--280.

3l Kopo6rota, f. flaneosroEoMrl@xlr€ paspa6orrx B apxeonop[r x Srclepf,MesraJrbHGTpaccoJrorFr@r[er|ccJleAoBallnr. - B: flepro6Lrrnar apx@Jroruc - norcrx II Eiu(oArn. Krer, 1980, c. 221; Berenova, M. I{rr. c*u., c. 166.

_ :? Ka_ap1 f. Llnr. crq., c. 120; Kyrrnapcla, K., T. gy6nxrurrxnr..{perxhre ryrLryplr lOxnoro Kasra3a.It., t970, 107-108.

3! Cecil-Curwen, E. I{rr. crr., 135-136; Jlypre, I,I. IIrr. css,., c.29.3a OgrcolorngecrfirlT axaJrrr:] rra [aMep€Br{Te ocranrfi or xnBorlrrcRr{ x@Tr{ e Hanpar€E or A-p Jla3ap Hrxor (AHM

npr EAH). Cpa. crarxrra B cbulrrr roM.rs Crpancrn, H.,ftnr r_ryJrrypunpacrcrnr r Eemaprr. C., !953, c. 164; Crornot, H., E. Knraxos. ,{nax

noJrc3ru lracrexnc a Ermapxr. C., 1960, 199-200.36 9rpaxcrn, H. !,uan r rynryprrr pacrerfir..., c. 165; Crornor, H., B. Krraxoo. [,rr. crx., c. 199.3t Karoa, Bapox, Kolyuenna, Il:rrsni o @JrbcxoM xogrficrse. M., 1937, c. 24f..3t Crornot, H., B. Kxraxos. IIxr. ctq., c. 200.

, 3e ElaroAapr aa JI. PaAcra or ErnorpalFrxr lrgcrr{ryr c r,ryoef, npn EAH sa moSeflara roEcyrraqE rro ro3gnpo6:reu.3a.upyrn Hapo,EHn Hatrrnri 3a 3aMccBaHc na nc€Jr x:rr6 rx.:3afiror, ll., C. Pafircncxn. Kilrra sa xm6a.flrorgrr, lg8y',, 208---212.

B srpxoxpaxr.mqe I ca ycrasoBenf, ExroJrxo c€Merra or Jre[. ]Ilra cregenrr, qe B ApeBHa frprprx H E cbBpeMegEaErxoulr 6Pa*19 or Jrerrexo ceMe e Kttron3Baxo 3a tronysaBane sa xnr6. Bx. Crpancrx, Vl'..{xur x ryatyp"trpacrenxr. ,,, c, 74,.t Cpg. ri3xo.qnme AaHrur y 3aarel, T. C;encrocronancrn crpa,qr. C,, 1950, 173-174.

a2 3a re3r Aasgu cpB. [o-na,qoly B Tercra.a3 Teopemrxara o6ocxonra Ha ro3rr Danpoc, rarro B Ha s3non3lasrre no-HaAony Qopvyar cpa.: Petrasch, J.

Typologie und Funktion neolithischer Ofen in Mittel- und Sudosteuropa. - Acta Praehist. et Arch., 18, 1986, 59-60.e flar ranr, c. 59.a5 Knpol, T, flpunoc nM lr3] IaBanc urllMara ua CoQur, - B: Klnvarrr ua Cor[ar 1887-t937. C,, 1939, c. 17,

ra6l. l.to Cpa. Petrasch, J. IIrr. crv., c. 60.a? Knpoa, T. L[nr. sb{., c. 26, ra6n. 6.4r CnopeA tro@qenoro E3cneABaHe na T. Krpor cp€Axnre Mec€r{Hx (r roayrrreceuu) rewueparypr r CoQnftcroro

noJr€ ca cJIeIHrre: ETopara IroJroBEHa Ha orroMBpr{ - 8'C, HoeMBpE - 5'C,,qereMBpl - 0"C, firyaprr - -2'C, Senpyapn -0'C, lrapr - 5"C rr rbpBara noroBrrxa Ha arpnn - 9'C.ae Pctrasch, J. IInr. sbq., s. 60, 6cr. 196.so IIar rav, c. 59,tt flar raM, c. 57, 6el. 175 n qnr, nrr.!2 Eoxxroaa, E. flaaeoeronorrrtrxn ycnolrrn n npoM€rrx Ea pacrrrenaocrra a llgrocna n lOrogana.{sa Etlrapxr

npes rocne.urre 15000 ro.urnE. Anr. na aoxr. Anc. C., 1986, c.,16.53 Petrasch, J. Urr. cbrr., c. 59, 6e* 188.!a Trmoronrsecrntr anaJrx3 na EaMelrrnre a pa6orrmrallara xpeMbcnr aprei[arrr e EarrpaBex or Hnax faqos

(AhM npn EAH). Cpa. qrarurra E sbrrlf,r roM.sr 3a pcryruoplTe cpB. Cevexon, C. Pasrnrrre r€xxlxn B raMeHEoM aere. JI., 1968, 5l--60.s6 flar rav, 6l-70; Childe, G. Rotary Motion. - In: A History of Tcchnology. l. Oxford, 1955, 190-192.s7 Cerr,rerot, C. Palrgrue rexxr{xn..., c. 70.

" Cp". Korfmann, M. I{er. crr., c. 209.5e Naroll, R. Floor Area and Settlement Populahon. - American Antiquity, 196l-1962, No 4, p. 588.60 Flannery, K. The Origins of the Village as a Scttlernent Type in Mesoamerica and Near East. - In: Man,

Settlement and Urbanism. London, 1972,29-45; Korfmann, M. Urrr. csr.., c. 217.6r KorHpena, H. Hopr"rrr norpc6:rennr B crapoBaBruroncrofi Meconoravrnr. - Becrnnr ApeBHcfi tatoptu, 1972,

}{c 2, 94-99; Maccor, B. Mero.q flareosxoxoMrqecroro a&urrr3a B apxeororsu. - Kparrue coo6uearrr VIA CCCP, 127,1971, c. 6.

62 Erasarcrnl,.B. I{rr. crv., c. 174.63 ,{runrpos, C. Ao6pyAxaxcroro 3eMeAerrrre uper XYt Ber! - B: C6oprrx E yesr Ha npoQ.,q-p Xp. fanaer. C.,

19E5, I l8-r 19.6' Illannpo, A. flpo6;rerrm coqnaJrbHo-exoxolrnrsecxof, rrcroprrr Pycx XIV-XVI r. JI., 1977, c. 179.65 Ko6prx, B., E. ItrsefiroBcrar. Jfto4n, xpecrr,ffe, xpesrttne. - 3xanne - ca.ra, 1985, l&7, c. 30.66 Soudsk!,8., J. Pavlu. The Linear Pottery Culture Settlemcnt Patterns of Central Europe. - In: Man,

Scttlement and Urbanism. London, 1972, 317--320, 325.6? Liining, J. IIm.crv.,69--{6 lr qnr. nrrr.; Korfmann, M. IIrr. sbq., c.219 s qxr. nnr.68 Jlncrrurrna, f. OpouraeMoe 3eMneAeJrfle gnoxn srreoJrRTa Ha rore fypxrnrerarr. M., 1966, c. l4l.

13 Pasxourrr n qpoyeDarur, rs.25 97

t

6e Maccos, B. SrocoMtna n coqgaroruf, crpof,-npeaurx o6Iqecrr. II', 1976, c' 105'to Acrapoi, A., T. Illapxaoa. II!r' clr., c. 15'7r Korfmann, M. Llxr' crr., c. 219.t, i;;;;;;", X., d-U""rb", B. Bacrncs x np. Ccmunara Morlrrla..., c- 75.13 Er6xxon, C. XosrficrncEHo'sKonoMl$tCCxxf, ror,,sucrc pelBlfroro Tprmonrr. - cos. apxcoJlor[t' 1965' ]& 2'

c. 53.?a Liining, J. [Irr' clr., c. 66.7 3 B a k e I s, C. zum wirtsclaftlichen Nutamgsraum einer bandkerarnischer Siedlung. - In: Siedlungen der Kultur mit

Uocarbandkeramik in Europa. Nira, 1982' 9-16.?6 Clark, C., frf. Hlswcll. Thc tLonoqics of Subsisrcnce Agriculturc. London, 1967 (uxr. no: Dcnnell, R.,

D.wcblcy. prehistoric s.rt[;;i;;-I".m urc'i" s;rttd Bul_gariai- In: Palaeoeconomy. cambridsgr tf]l'^l'--to6.)'-"'-;;X;u;-up;t,;;z D;;;lk. nava pravtkfch zEm&cbu: model. - Pam6tkv archcologick6, 1983, No l,224-257.

7t Bakels' c' urr' cb't' reAeJu{H r 6amapcrnre 3€Mn Bx.: Hnronoe,?e lla perurrro3so-MrIoJrornEaTa cf,cTeMa IIa paBHoItcoJIETBIfTe 3etv

B. Acnerrx Ea penrlrrlo3Ho-MrrronoruqEut" "r"t"*r" oiJpaHErrr BeoJrET (cfiopeA pf,cyDaHara xep€Mllqxa opxaverra4rr).

-' iilj,"';d;16Si; ;.6 9-10, 67-70; Kaprrxara ua cwra B paElroEeomnnara opu-aueurar{qt or Parrroso. - llsa. Erlr'ncr. Apyx.r 39, 1987, 5-29.

oo 3a xeprrcxnrc rMx B trparcroprqocxara cnoxa rx.: Ma-kka-y, J. Mahlstcin und das ritualc Mahlen in den

prahistorischen bpre.re.e-oni;. '- ec'ta lrctr. Hyngr,--30. 197q, l:-i6! uber-ne-olithische-opferformen' - In:

Valcamonica Symposium"2.Gp. o ponte, 1975, lit:tlzi nanffy, n. cuitic Finds from the Middle ggppt Age of

rv*t i" H*#rv.tonn"ctiooiilil s".tt"E"st Euiope. - In: Archaeology and Fertility cult in the Ancient Mediterranean'

Malta, 19t6, 69-77."--'--"i-M;kkay, J. Angaben zur Archaologie der Indogermanenfrage, II-ry. - Acta Arch. Hung.,40' 1988,3-16'

12 Coa. Uyxrlnn-xor, n. O6"t""r i oOpur,t nirurrpcxxx riAinxor, cB,Baltnbre c x[Jrsut€M. Koneq XfX -Haqaro XX'sr. - Cos. rrnorpaQur, 1982, It& 2, 77--79'-

83 Makkay, J. Angabe-n iur Archnoloq!e...,- p-' 15't. iouop.il, B. A;p";; t"rpo"o.. _--B: Mrilx EapoAoB nrnpa. l. M., 1980' 4M--401.sr Taf,raxo", 1qit' fair"'rrnoi. Mar.raM-AoMAnr Ayxoa np€AxoB. -Coa. orxorpalpar, 1980, lt 3' 87-93 u

r+rr. ,ort.; Ilrpy"^t'"icxal, A. Apx9o49ryrecr[e traparr1e6r rrnorpaQrrecrr 3acBrA€r€rbcr9oBagEbrM ryJlbraM

Ka"*a:a. - C6s. orxorpa0nr, 1983, }{c l, 106-109's6 Nikolov, v. fi;Kifi?isPaLn kupierzeit in Bulgarien. - In: Das erste Gold der Menschheit. Die ilteste

Zivilisation in Ewopa. Frciburg, 1985' p. 26.o? Nikolov, v. ifitetfuiro *a.l*g"o zwischen vorderasien und Stdosteuroo_a ayjsryLnd der friihneolithischen

bemalten Keramik ius Jd%ntt"lbalkangebietl - Acta Praehist. et Arch., 19, 1987, 7-18; Bprrm Fa Aorrsara Ha

p.Mecra c AsaroJt11r opo poo" s€oJgrr]- Apxeororur, 1986, ]E 2, ]-10; Crpylrcxnm Irrr npq3 paHEIrf, xeoJlxr' -ilerone, 1987, I\& 2, 3H7 '------i. f"fu6yprn, A. if"mrur" a o6pr.uax r rtp€acraBr€Er{tx BocrotlnLlx cJraBm. JI., 1983, 106-107.

se Hsxoaor, B. pauroneorumcs cBacrrxo""ir"i Morf,B or Kpelremrx rpai Canapera 6am. - Bcxoa€, 1985' l& 5,

49-53 u rur. nf,r.eo Feoprrera, lI. 3urrra-crotras r 6rrapcrrre EapoAIIr PtpBanilt. - Berore, 1978, l& 2' 22-29 n qrr' rurr';

Anrcruol, A, Oevenrue 'o*pffieru" y r"e"*6" u npo6ieua *nirnca xyJrbra npeAxol. - Cos' eruorpaQnr, 1950,

JS 3, 28---43.et Crulo r snopca MHe{nero ca B€cerrra Harerq - repaMrr'poqa?Paro! ? AI{Y npu BAH'e: lr.t-al-tay, J.'i;;AatdSnoin.o in Nioiitnic Houses 6r t* cirpa*rian Basin. - In: Valcamonica Symposium

III. cam aiioni.-:: Miiri"q rgig, rl?-167; Bauopfiiin der l*ngy.el-Kultufund seine Beziehungcn lu den Ba-uopferformen

il; ftfi;iiJi* -i'J"r Linienbandkeramik. - in: Intcrnationilg symposium tbcr die Lcngy_el-Kultur. Nitra - wien,

1986, 169-l?5; xau-J"i', n. i."lircii* ritio"si"os. Ttligggn, t9t{,62--a;\.9hlm-ey1'['.Grundungsgabe] ...IT'Land des Baal. syrien. Fo;u; a"i voti.. und i<ulturen. M;ini am ilhein, 1982, p.__69;-Gallis, K. A Lat€ Neolithic

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e3 Jcsse, W. Urr. car', c. 3.e4 IIar raru, l-4; Makkay, J. Foundation...,-p. 159; Naumann, R'IIST.crr., c.63.e! Hsroaor, B.'Kaprnnatb Ha cncra...' lE-?3..ec Cauvin, f. Uappi,ration des premi0res divinit€s. - [,a recherche, 194, 1987, 1479-1480.e? Anrouora, E,--O iaparrepe pe.[Bnro3grD( npegc'raBnend F@Jlrrlrtlecrrx o6nrare.nefi Auarorlil. - B:

Kyarrypa tr ucxyocrBo ra$ao" Cie.qneii lirn B AIrBHocrE f, cpe4toBexoBb€. M., 1979,12-35-;Hx x o.n o a, B. K-aprraara

il-;;;..., zi-zo; M;;;;;i,T. nognnerprtrorDcrse rJIeMeIra oenepuol Moruarxn. Knumnep, l98l' 152-174.* ---;;'ii*oltoi, B. Acrrerrr- na pe.run-rorno-Mlrolorf,tlsaTa crcreMa. ,., 69-70.

- frf "p"io", n. Eorrr-6xx r 6ono,r.a-mqlra or Haran Xrof,rox - Haqaroro Ira cAEIr Mrrr. - Hrrycoo' 1981,

l& rl0, 5l-63.roo nAI TaM,tor Hllronor, B. Acuertr Ea ltensmo3Bo-MrroJrorErrEaTa cscTeMa..., c. 70; Kaprrorara Ba cEeTa...,2r-26,

98

rv. ISCIEABAHE Bbpxy H.flKOlI fpylluIroABVrlKIJVr HAXOAKIT

KPEMbIIEH AHCAMEbJI OT PAEOTI4JIHI{UATA

Cm^pytmypa ua aucau6-tu. CWn ocralrxrrre or pa6orurnurqara B xrrJrrrrqero ca rraMep€EuoroJlo 3000 rpeuunrn apreQarra. 3a cbxarenne BcuqKlrre ca sbc creArr or ropeue lr rroBeqero orTtx ca cEJrEo EarpomeHn. Ilopary ToBa 3a Ffrwme Ea rr3cneABanero 6cxa orAerenn caMo 285, orxoltro 6n Morna Aa ce E3Bneqe nnQopuarrrx 3a rexgonoruqgara il Tnuononrrrrara rrMxapaKTepllcrrra. Tosa ca apre(baxrn grc,3atra3eH[ nerfi, no-ronf,Mara qacT or xoETo ca qenE rrcpaBE[TeJrEo Ao6p€ 3ana3err[.

- _ ^ .4pt@arrlrre ca npeAcraBelllr or crle,4rrre rpytr}lr a) rAlta (3), 1,05%; 6) ornolaulE (105),36,84%o; r) nnacrrrnn (176), 6L,75%; r) peryumpanu optq{r (eano), 0,35o/o.-

Hegaancnuo qe grcrotmero Ha apreQaxrure Ee rro3BoJrflBa Aa ce ycrauoBf, ubpBonaqarnorogLorrrorueEne Mex,q/ cborBerguTe rpyfitr, rpr6aa Aa ce or6elexn rroqrrr rrtJrgara Jrunca Ha rApa no_paAl{t. Tosa Ivroxe Aa ce o6scun c o6grosreJrcrBoro, qe Te 6nnn rrgsecenn rrpeAn rroxapa.Hauepernte tApa ca r xpafrna $ara na excruroarar$ n or rs)( He 6nno sa3r,roxEo Aa ce orAeJrrrtroBeqe [JlacTmil I{ oTJroMarIIf.

.fIdpa. EqsourouagxoBo f,,qpo 3a rrnacrulrn Ir orJroMgru r rpafina Qasa na excErroararlrr cxoEycoBt{AIIa Soprvra. Cneg npnxrK)qBaEe Ea excruroararlrr{Ta e u3troJnBaro xaro qyf,arya.OruoMtqrrara e oroJIHa n o6xsarqa BcuqKn crpagu rra r,qporo. Vgapuara rnoulaAKa e oQofr.,rexa ce.ryrr-,@€ ytrapa. r{rlxunara Ea tAporo e 5,5 cu, rurlpnnara - 4,7 cru, a 4eSemuara-j 3,8 cu(o6p. 49 /).

@parverr or e,ffiorIJIoIqaAKoBo {Apo 3a ruracrngn. Vqapnara rurorqa.rya rro BcrraBeporrr{ocr 6rua o$oprvrena (o6p. 49 4).

flnynnoqaryoBo tApo 3a rulacrnnrr n ruracrrsKrl c o6qa orroubrrga. Crcrorrurero rra3ana3ellocr Ire rIo3BoJIsBa Aa ce oqpe,qcJrn AaJrx apreQaxrrr e npeMrrrraJr rrpe erana HalpeABaprrreruaTa rroAroroBra. ExcnroararFsra ce rnBlprrrBana speg peAyBane Ea yAapgnremorr(ar[Kll. Pasuepn: rrbJrxnna - 5,8 cM, runprrtra - 4,5 cu, 4e6elrxa - 3,4 cu (o6p. ll zS.

Omtouttlu. B ragr rpy[a npeo6lagaaar troAqeprago er3eMrrJrrpu 6ee Kopa Bcpxy ropgaratroBrpxrrocr, xap:rxrepxn B rroBeqero cryqau 3a EarrpeAEalrfr. wru xpafrxn $asn ua ercruroararlf,r.Cpeuat c€ rr eAmrnqEu er3eMlrf,prr, orAeJreEr{ npu no,ryoroBrara rra {Aporo upa o$oprvrrnero rraorJroMtgnara uoBbpxrlocr f,,Jrlt yAaprrara rrnoqa,Ga. Tona ca orxplrBaupr ornoMSrg urnrorJIoMbIIIt c ropa Plar' 50Yo. Cpe.U rpertdbqErrre MarepIriLJIIr ca orAeJrerrf, rr HtroJrxo eK3eMnffpa cLccneAlr or xopa Btpxy roprara rroBlpxsocr, xof,To Morar Aa ce ornecar xtM HaqaJrrruTe Qasn naeKcnnoaTaIIES.

Xaparrepno 3a ornoMrrllrre oT ascar"r6ura e, qe noBeqero ca c rrocoru Ea EerarnBuTe lralopnlrre noBbpxxocrn, yctropeAnl{ Ea ocra na uorryQa6pmara, cbrqo r ycuope.qEn [oMexry cf,.Cavo rrpn orreJrlilr er3eMrrr-flpu nocoxr{Te Ha rrerarrrBrrre ca cpeq]moJroxnr{ nJru crJrroqBar rralr.flpu no-roJrtMara rracr or apresaxrnre rlerlrre ca oQoprraeHtr c eAtrE yAap. HyneBrr trerrtr,Qaceruparur I{JrI{ ecrecrBelrfl, ce cperrlaf caMo npr orAeJrun erceM[Jrrpu. fleruie rro rrpaB1;ro c,apa3llonoxeun'rloA trtl, 6rrusbx Ao flpaunl, R:rIr noA npaB brbJl.

CpeA orloMaru{Te, rrptr xonro e Bb3MoxEo Aa ce onpeAeJrn Sopuara, safi-unoro ca cEeperyJltpHa rr_c upaBobFbJllra oopua, a cbulo n c Qoprvra rra Tpaneq c pa3AareqaBau$ ce cTpaEf,.Harmsnero sa 71 qeJr[ eK3eMIUupa rro3BoJrrBa Aa c€ otrpeAeJm AaJrxunara rrM - 1,5-5,5 crrrixaronoJroBunara or orJloMtryrre ca c AbJDxffiEa 2,5-3 crvr. Illnprnara rra orJroMtllrrre, rol{To Morar Aa6rAar onpeAenegu, € 1,8--{,5 cM, cpeA KotrTo safi-secro ce cpeqa ufiprna l,&-2,4 c.v...{e6enunara xa apre$arrfiTe e 0,2-3,2 cM, xaro npeo6nagarar apreQaxTtrTe c .qe6ernrna 0,5 crtr.

fftacmuuu. Xapaxreqnn ca IrJracrIIHIrre 6eg Kopa Ea ropHara uoBlpxHocr tr c ycIropeAguEeraruBrr - rroBerre or ?/3 or apre$axrure. 3naqr{TeJrno no-prAtro ce cperqar rrJracrltrur ctrpoTrlBononoxHr nocoxrl lra EerarllBrrre n c Eerarr{Blt, IleprreElurrynspHfi Ea Ea,4nbxrar.a oc. B

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raSrr rpyua caMo ABa erceMrurrpa ca c EarrbJrEo rroKptrTa c ropa ropHa uoBrpxEocT f, c xopa B

N4crarnnfl, Kpafi Ea ruracrnrrara. flosese or troJroBr{Hara ca c ycropeAnrr crpanrqEn pr6one,cneraurr or rr.nacrurru c-rc c6rrxasarw ce crparrruErr pr6one, Aoraro ruracrsnn c pa3AareqaBarruce crpaHrrEn pr6one ce cperqar pr,ryo. Onpelenexo npeo6na,uaBar er3eMrurrprr c rpr{rrLJrnoceqesue - noB€ge or troJroBnnara apreQarra. IIpr 3arra3euure rleffr ruracrnnn, rarro tr npfiocHoBHr{Te Sparverrr rrerr{Te ca orpoprrrenn c eAulr yAap. CaMo e,uru ex3eMnflcp e c nera,nplrorBena c ADa-Tpn yAapa. ,{uxrnara Ea qelrrre lrJlacrnnx e l,*7r5 cM, raro ocrroBrro cerpym{par Mex/q/ 1,6 y 4 cv. Illnpunara e 0,G-2 cu. Ilpeo6naAaBar aprorfarrn c rrrf,puual,I-l,2crvr.,(e6enruarae0,l-l,5cM,Naro l/4or IUIacrEErrecacAe6ennna0,2cu. flpnqelureIrnacrfiHx tr upu @EoBHETe Qparuerrx uerare ca pa3rronoxena c Muoro M:urKr f,3xrroqexrtt rIoAtrpaB brbJl f,Jrf, noA rru, 6nrsrx Ao npaBnr. CpeA exseururrpf,Te, nprr xoRTo e Bb3MoxHo Aa ceonpeAen[ BnIBT na npoQrna, npeo6naAaBar c rrpaB npo$rrJr - U3 or apreQarrrre, cJreABarru orTe3rr c f,3mrEaJr rr E3Brr npo$ru. Tosxara rra yAapa qpn qeJrrrre ruracrrrEr{ f, ocrroBrrureSparlrenrn ce p€mcrprpa trpE rroqrE Bcrqrtr er3eMrurrpu (sa6enexrrvra ro{ra na y4apa).

Pemyutupauu optdun. Cnpeger. Opraneco e u3rorBexo pr ruracrrrra c trpaB upo$rlr,nonycrprMeu E crptMerr peryrrr no .(Lrnrulrara sa crpanrquf,Te pr6oae, oSoprraeu gborBeTEo oTAorrEara n or ropnara crpasa (o6p" 49 3).

B pasuexAarur ancau6bJr BrrArr Ea rpelrlrrEara cypoBnna Moxe Aa 6rae ycranoBen caMoxpn nlronxo er3eMrr.nrpa, upu ronro cne.ulrre or ropeEe ca Ee3narrrrermr. Tosa e uo{BerJro rrJrrttro-TaMnoxbJrr xpeMrx gbc cBerJrrr BnprcKBaHHc n Ao6pa JIoMJrr{Bocr. Crcrocrurero rra 3arra3errocrEe rro3BoJrrBa EA e ycraEoBn AoroJrro qacr or apraQarnrre q 6umt IBrorBsEIt or Apyflr Br{AoBexpeMsqHf, cypoBtrrilr.

Or npe,ucraBerrrrre npeArapnrorru p€yJrrarlr or o6pa6orrara Ea ro3r xpeMrrreH ancau6rnMoxe Aa c€ or6elexr cJreArroro:

1. flogreprano Hficbr npoqeHT Ea tAlta r opt4{fl.2,CWaorJroMrrIHTe rr rrJracrr{Hrrre er3eMrurrprr c EarrLJrEo rroKpnra c Kopa ropua rroBapxnocr

nJrrr c rroBeqe or 50% xopa ce cpeqar f,3BblrpeAEo ptAxo.3. flpeo6lalaBarrlara qacr or orJroMbrlrrre I{ ruracrlrnlrre e cB6p3ana c HarrpelnaJrnre uJnt

xpafirulre $asn na exctlttoarargr. ,{oxarareJrcrBa 3a roBa ocBen Jrrilrcara rra ropa ca E E:lJruq[eroo6urnoseuo or 2 Ao 4u.erarv^rla Brpxy ropnara rroBtpxuocr, Tpr{braJrnr{Te ceqenl{r rrplt rrJragrnlrr{TeE tr3rrbxuaJrrrre upoQnnu. Bcruxo roBa rrpe.qroJlara, qe BepoflTno noAroroBrara rra rApara 3aercruroarargr (o<[opurne Ha orJroMbrrnn noBrpxEocrl{, yAapnn ruoqa.qxx) sraBaJro tr3Brrr pafionarra ceJrnulETo.

4, Cp"a orJroMbrlrrre uMa f, Ef,KoJrxo xaparrepntr, cBbp3anf, c Kopexqr{rra Ea arbJra MexAyyAapnara ruroqa.qxa fi o.TJroMbrlnara, eAIrH rpe6en, e,qrlu BpBITTHI{K, KaKTo u HrKoJr(o eK3eMurspa,troJDFreHn npx o6noneBauero Ea yAapnnre rrnolqaAxtr, xoero nora3Ba crpeMex 3a npoAlJlxaBaseEa excruroaraqr{flTa rra rApara !r 3a rroJr}ryaBaue na norrySa6prnaru c otrpeAenena t}oprr.ra.

5. flpx pa6orara EaA MarepraJrf,Te or ro3rr anca*r6u 6e usorpureno rr xopenupaxe MexgyorAeJrrrr{Te 6eresu na aprcQaxnrre: Qopua, BIrA Ea roplrara floBbpxnocr, BI{A Ha y4apfiLTaruroulaAra, Bru Ea npoSuaa, pa3Mepn n r. tr. Pesyrrrarnre roKa3Bar roJuMo pasnoo6pasrre EaBaprranTu. Hanpn"rep rrpu rrJracrnrrure [poqeBTBT Ira apre$axmre c eAlrrr rr cbusr 6eresr AocrlraeABa 11,8. flo,qo6ua e cr{Tyarryrcra r npfl ornoMrrpTe. Tora or cBofl cr"paHa e AoKa3areJlcrBo 3aHtrcxara cretren Ea cranraprtr3arlnr r yruQmarur Ha xpeMbquure apreQaxru or aucau6r-na orpa6oru.nmqara B xrrlrrqero or lreoJrurlroro ceJIIrIqe Clarrna.

PE3YJTTATI,I OT TPACOJIOTPTTIECKOTO H3CJIEABAHEHA KPEMbTIHTTE }'3trETII.d' OT PABOTI{JIHHIIATA

Orrpnrnre r pa6ormxf,rlara 2809 xperrmqulr trpe4\,rsta 6nxa rroAJroxeril{ Ha rrp€rltr3eETpacororf,rlecrlr alraJrnr. B pesyrrar Ha roBa ce ycrauoBlD(a c.[eAE or rnrroJr3Barre B]pxy 30 orE3cneABargre repaMrrrmr apreQarrn. Cpe,q rrx Ee3aBRcrMo or Jrorrrara rrM 3aua3eEocr uMaE (oJrKo a3flB€ER BIigoBe opbIglfl. 3a enevenrR Ea cbpnoBe xapanoBcrr{ THrr c nas}6ena pa6ornaqacr cryxern 6 nnacrxsu. 3a regr.r op\Mr, ca xapalcTepnu brrroBa 6recrsqa rroJrnpoBKa u nusefinRcreru. Cpaonxaaaero ra pasrloJloxegtrero Ir rrnolqra Ha yrlrrf,3ar{qq Ea u3cJreABaEETe eJreMerrrnAaBa ocrroBaulre Aa ce npeAflonara, qe 3 or rrxn rrocraBenrr eAEo Ao Apyro, o6paaynarm xoMrurexcuoJre3BEe Ha e,ryH crpu. Bcrrxn xpeMbrlurr opb.E or ro.3l{ THn ca E3rorBeutr or pa3rrETIEE qacr[ HaIUIACTHHI{, UMAT rIOBCI{E I'.JfiI IIO-M'IJIKO EPABI|NEE IPOQI{JI, AOCTATIqEO OCTPI{ Ii PABIII{ CTPAHUqHI,Ipr6ore 6eg,(onurnl{Tenuo peTyru[pane. Hrronro Apym opufrrfl (8) ca n3ron3Barru 3a pa3pr3BarreEa Meco" Trrmqrsre 3a ra3x 0ysrqrc ynrJu3aluroggn nprlsnar{n - cra6a rurocKa naulbp6enocr,

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Trcga rrBurra 6necrrua [orspoBxa, pe,utrIr n cnle;6n JIf,HefEIr cJIe.qE, pa3[onoxeEn yctropeAEo EJIII

troA trbJl cIIpf,Mo n"e""eto, ca r[mlipam Blpxy 7 cperyt 11 e,4{H BspxoB $parueur Ea I[tIacTnEE'

EAnu or rein sparrrrerrrn ca eJreMerrrrr or cLcraBEn EoxoBe, a Apym - -qacrH or op4ut'

o6op^re"" or qe.nn ruracrnrra HJm ylpnxeurr orxoMblrn. Harvrepew'ca4 ttpJrl: G,qEoro opb,rye e

c{rrieno) ca u3rorBeErr or cpeArrr{ rurasrrrnn, a qerBtproro_- or MaJrbK orJloMlx. Pa6ormrte qacr[

Ea crpyroB*. or"lt-;"rir-fr; o6pa6otra c psryrr. B upoqeca na pa6ora ocrpnerara 6rmr

eAHoCTpaEIIO naufrp6enx, rOeTO rrtr npnAana xonBexcex ou4. Blpxy oTAeJIIIf,Te )^IacTlqF OT

Da6ornxre rpanqa ca orrpnrn tteptre".{n*yrtrpmr nrne*tru cnelur n npeK}cnara rtcHa 6necrrlqa

;ffi;: iff'o?Foot*"ra Ea AbpBo ce E3rrorr3Ban rr ocrrprBarrl Eox, 3atra3en qacrrq'o. Tof, e

oeopueu "u

r""o""i--""""oo,'6es peryu. Pa6oruara racr, pa3noJroxeEa Ea ropnrrt rpafi na

rlJracrr{Hara, e Jrexo f,3Bura; Blpxy Aop3aJrnara t crpana IrMa cJle,4r or yrf,Jrrf,}arEoHelr psryltr' aBbpxy BelrTpaJrrraTa, EeAaIeq oT ocTplreTo, ce oTrpnrar 6necrfiIul [eTIIa II AAJIm Iqprrx['

pa3troJroxenrr rroA trbJr crrptMo ocTpueTo. 3a ufo6naaue Ha AlpBo cJryx6en ctpeAeJ1 B

tr3CJreABaEaTa xgJlexqtrt TOBa e e,qEgCTB€EOTO TI{nOIOrHrI@xtr n3pa3ego Opl.rye, O$OpueuO C

petyru. Jlexo aclrueTprrqrraTa pa6orua qacT Ea CBpeAena, HaIIpaBeE oT CpeAEa IUIaCTEHa' I{Ma 'BEU

npnsnalm sa nsnocBane:- pt6onere Ha perylrla, oQopurrq ocrpf,ero' ca ouIaAeEI{' a caMoro

ocrpr{e _. 3ara[eEo. IIo ctpannrrEr{re pr6one ce pa3rnqaBar rllnuqEllre 3a cBpeAeJlnre

arr'ooOpur"**""r"r *aln. d nglpn6asaxe Ha orBepcrtrfl ca n3[oJI3BaHu ABa upo6unara. Te ca

o$oprd"" Ea IUIacrrrE[: eAIroTo opl.4re lla qura' ApyroTo Ea BapxoB <fparuenr oT MacRBEa

oi"&t"". Tegn optAut IIfMar BToprtlna o6pa6oixa, Eo xapaxTepuoTo narqrp6nnane Ea

€crecrBegoto *rpria,'EeroBara 6necrirqa rroJlr{poBxa, Notro xa rpl6uara n ropeMllara crpaEa

r{Ma otrpeAenena rurnefrna opneETar${, no3BoJrtBar Aa ce oul}€AeJrflT raro op.b,urr ra npo6lrnaEe.Ha

io*u. dnna $parrr,regTrrpana MnKporuacrnua ce snTepnperrrpa Karo eJIeMeIrr or JroBHo oprxne. Ha

e,e{rr oT cTpag11rlg11re ii pr6oae rrrra Ape6no IUIoCro narq5p6gaHe' a Ha Apymc - 11OnHpaEn

r(BrflE, pa3IIOJIOxeEn ycuopelFo Ha ocrptrero'ocseg olrgcagure opl4rt B xoJreKqutra ca lrAelrrlrQnrypanlr olqe 6 Qparuenra or lrrtacrliuu c

EecLMHeHu rrprr3rraqr of nguorsrane. Ho tropa,ur Jrollrara EM 3arriliegocr u MaJrrara creneH IIa

E3rrocBaHe He e Bb3MOXrro Aa ce ycTarroBE xorfipeTEoTo x3[oJI3BaHe Ea Te3Ir rrEcTpyrrrerrn. B

3aru[orreHne rpt6sa,ua ce crroMerre EaMepeEn.nr Eyrureyc, BTopRqEo f,3non3BaH Karo peryllop' 3a

xOeTO cBxtAeTeJICTBaT 3Be3AoO6parnnre rnnt6narrgglI' xoEIIeETpEpaHIr Bbpxy g,W{II OT a1.;IETe nO

yAapllara IrJIOIrIaAxa.

T}INOJIOTO.TPACOJIOI-HIIECKI4 AHAJI}I3HA oPsAvI,flTA HA TPyAA oT xHJII,tqHoTo noMEIqEH}IE

HgcneAsasaTa rgnexlgx BK[IoqBa OplAgt OT pa3y1uqgn xaMeIIHx uopg.ry'- por, rOCt n 26

repaMnqnf, npe,q\.{eTa. flo texxnro-rtropSonornrecnr npnsnarp KpeMbqmte apr6ri[aKTa BrrrcqBar:

l) veana *p.u*". n.*o o*tpa6bien Kpa!-\crp-lntrry,pr6ore, o,Q9!*t:rrI c €ADp n ape6en

saTrnsBarl peTyIII. Oprroero e na rurac.rnna (o6p. l0 0; 2) uempn Qparuenra oT IUIacTf,IIT c

"iopr""" o6pa6oma:'a) cloutr Ea eAgrrur cpeAeE <fparyren1 e o6pa6oren c BerrpareE lrJlosbr

p"+; i;6p.-iO--t); 6)'am cpeAru r[paruexia^uyalo0qa6orem c eAbP I{ ApeSey Aop3anen

3a6rrrBarq peryrrr'c6"""rr*' pr6oae (o6p. 50 2, n; a) nocne4mxr Qparuenr (ocxoren)-eperyuxparr uo e.urnn;"ip"o*6" pr6 c goprareu eAtp u rpe6en saocrptrq peryllr (o6p. 50 J);

5i;;dgE r[paruerr or ruracrnEa c neperyr.rpeE ynum3ar{EoEeE perylu lorDara-crparorrrn pr6a(60p. iO O);'l) xsa-WeA"r Op"rresra'6ei rrbpnrna o6pa6orra (o6p. 50 1,4). CpeF, nr6poernref,3Aerrlrfl E Ma Ermo e4ta qxlra luracrrma, Ho pexolcrpyrqlrtra uo EtumrlEllre Qparueurn norasBa,qe AJ111114Eara Ha ruracrRrrrrre rre upeADnuasara 7-I0 cM, a I[ItpEEaraBapspa MexAy l-2,5 cu.

Vgapnnre 11jrIouIa,4(II ca EeroJreMn, Jrexo crooeEs, c rpnrru-nna r pou6onuAxa $op:rla.'flpn gbtrocraBrgero 11a rper\rbqxrre Marep[am or xllmrrlForo noMelqexxe u pa6orrurmqa'

ra ce ga6enmBa, qe MexAy r$( cbrqecrByBar pa3nr.nrs uo rexurKo-uopQoloruqecxf, lloKa3areJrn.

opr;pera oT xf,JrxrqrfaTa qacT ca n3roTB.f,Etr Ea tro-Macf,BEll n c IIo-IIpaBxJlHf, oqepTaHf,t IUIaCTI{En

B q)aBrregne c ruracrrrgnre n rexnare Qparrt'rerrn, IraMeltenrr r pa6orrrrmq,ara. Toer Sarr 6n

uorrn Aa ce o6ccEr, Ea rrbpBo Mrcf,o, c TTpEETFIIEOTO pa3Jmqne B cLcraBa Ha EaxoAxnre oT ADaTa

roMrurerca: B rrspBE OCTTOBEa Maca npeAcTaBJItBar oTtraAbqF oT npoIi3BOACrBOTo c M:UUa CTetreE

Ea f,3rron3Barre, a BaB BTopE ca EaMepena caMo opb,ryt Ha rpyAa, Ef,f,To 3aroroBKn 6err scmo

cbMnelilre ca cneruamro no46npanr.kper,^"""ata cypoBlina Bepomno e oT MecTeE npolnxoA, lra{fP se 7 or 8-re nscIe,4Dam

n3Ae1gs cA oT "6,ttt (crc 'cnrn rnprcrnamr) KpeMlK' rofrro uo qErT sanoAo6rBa

BgcoKo1aqggTeennr-go6pygxancru xpeMrr. Brnpern roBa e rpyArro Aa ce rIpEeMe, qe rp€Mlqnnre

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MecropoxAeurrr or CeBepou3Torrxa Ermapur ca nocJryxzJru xaro cy?oBuEER Ir3TorIH[IF 3a

oprAtxra or CrarHHa, reft xaro rexErrre uaqa6tu paspa6orxx a ,{o6pygxa ,qarl{par oreHeoJrtrTa, roraro ra3tr cypoBfirra e ocEoBEa 3:l troBeqero llpatrcropnrlecxn c€nnula n 6amapcxxre3eMrrr. flo npeuero Ea HeoJMTa Aa]Ke n paf,onnre, 6mt3xn ,qo .qo6pypKancxtrTe xl]€MtrrntrMecropoxAesrrfl, oe ynorpe6eran upe$r Bcf,qro Ape6uoaanynell xpeMbK - cIrB It noAo6en nacJrarrrHcxr{r (xanr c nerna), xofrro 6nn urxpoxo pa3rlpocrpaxeu B pasJraqnn pafiorr xa Br.mapn-r.Tpr6aa Ia ce or6eaexf, slrrlo, qe npe3 eneoJrrra r Ceaeponrrogna Ermapnx 3aeAlro clc cMcnaraEa nopoAara rpeMurna cypoBrrHa ce trocrr{ra ycbB}plrreEcrBane Ea rexlroJrornsra lra nefirnarao6pa6orxa, AoBeJIa Ao iloryqaBarre Ea onrrrMiurnrrt rurr 3aroroBxa - MacRBEa KpeM]tIHa ruracrrruac nAeaJrrro rrponoprgoHrurnn o'repranxr tr craEAaprlrlr pa3Mepn2. flopapt cna6ara E3)ruexocr saxoMnJlercHtrTe optqf,t 3acera Ee pa3nonaraMe c AaEITR 3a BaJrI{AIrocTTa Ha Te3A 3aTOEOMepITOCTI{ 3aMarepnaJrrr or ceJrurqa B Apyrn pafiorur Ea crpauara. flo ra3l{ npnqsHa e 3arpyAuelrotrpHBexIaHeTO Ira aHaJrofrrx, Ho Moxe c yBepeEocT Aa ce KoHcrarnpa, qe xpeMbqlilrre oputrrs oTClarrna crqecrBeno ce orJrnqaBar KaKTo rro cypoBr{Ha, Tara n no Soprvrl{Te Ha 3aroroBruTe oroptrrrra na anaJrn.iupanrrTe pa3HoBpeMeEIr[ c€mrula or Cerepo[3rorlHa Euraptx3. TosaoqeBHIEO OTpa3rBa TrxrroTo xpoEonorfiqecKo u xynTypHo-TexEoJloruqec(o EesboTBeTcTBI{e.

Kaprerrrre optqrc or MeKI{ uopo,u c 6rul., cRB rr qepeu uBrr ca rlpeAcraBenr{ or recJrs,6paAaa, Morrra u xpoMerrx (o6uto 7) (o6p. 50 9-l l).

Tecrnrre ca c HeroneMrr pa3Mepn (5,7 x 2,4 x 0,8;6,1 x 3,8 x I cu), Tpane[IoBI{AHa $opua,xoHBercrro cuMerprilro nrn Sac x acnMerprrrno n npo$nn Jre3Btre (o6p. 50 10, l1). Trunara qasr Hae.qHo op3.qEe e trpaBoLrbJrHa, rl'Iocxa, a Ea Apyro - Il3rr6KlraJra.

Epannara e c rpareqoBlrAna Qopua r paruepn 6 x 2,7 x 2,3 x 0,2 cna (o6p. 50 9).Hgrorsena e or rbrrlx rtfiocLr orJroMBN, rrpeAcraBJltBall qacr or HsKaKbB npeAMer uJrH cqyneHooptq{e. Jlegsnero e R3rrbxxaJro, crMerprlqxo BbB Qac u upoQu-n, a rIUIar Iurosbx.flourpxnocma lra recJrrtre n 6pa,uaara e n3rlsro nanQorana.

Ase Apyrx nnnSoaann H3AeJrrrr ca crrnuo .qdopvupasu oco6eso rro Kpalrlqara, noKpI{rH ceArp crrnaJroBrrAen perylu, cI{JrIro upoMeHslq $oprraara na optgurra (ll x 5 x 2,8;6 x 7 x2r9 cr"r). Hegarncnuo or roBa crurrrara acuMerplm na npoSuna u MacuBlrocrra lra fipeAl\,rerlrreno3BoJltBar Aa c€ onpeAer.flT xaTo MorrKI{.

.{rere rryxaJrKu ca c [paBobrLJrHa $opr'ra. florrpxrocrra rrM e uunQonana, Karo Ha

u3utKHzLmITe Kpalrqa nMa cJre,ql or TorIKoBu yBpexAaxur (13,5 x 5,5 x 3: 12 x 7 x 4 cu).Xpouelrr HMa BrryuureJrril pa3Mepr{ (80 x 45 x 35 cv) u 6rnrsxa Ao nanesuAna $opMa.

,{olxam r crpanurruara rroB}pxuocr ca orArJraH}I c ylLapfi, ocraBllJru rpy6x Ir IUIocKf, HerarIrBII.LlgAe.nnrra or Kocr ca 8 (o6p. 5l).fiaArurure (asa qenn ex3eMrurrpa rr eI&H Qparueurnpan) ca orfopruerm Bbpxy rpr6ux Kocrl{

c xoco orpfl3autr pa6ornr Kparuqa n eml$n:a, cflyxelry 3a pbr(oxBarxa (13 x 1,2 x l; 14 x I x0,8 crvr). flaAluxa or Apyr run e oSopMerra or Jlonarra Ea xI{BorHo. Calvfirsr xpafi na pa6ornaraqacT Ea rrrrcrpyrlreETa e orrytreH.

Kocrenara Jronarra e EanpaBena or mtrpoxa ruracrrrua ua rpr6na xocr. Pa6orlrara rl qacr e

[3rrtKHaJra, a .qpbxKara - cqyfieHa.Vrnara e R3pc3ana or rreroJrrMa rrJracrrrlra; r{Ma or eAnara crpana trulocxo, a or Apyrara -x3rrtrlraJro rxJro, B qilsro Aonna qacr e npo6uro Ml{Huarropno orBepcrlre (8 x 0r7 x 0,4 cu).IIIulo c ADJrxuHa 7,5 cu e o$opueno Bspxy Ea,{,Jrbxrro pa3rlerega rpt6na xocr. 3a

prxoxBarxa crryxrt cbxpanelrara rlacr or enxQueara.- Ocses opug{r xoreKrtrrcra cb,(rpxa v e6a Kocrena AptxKa. Toea e orpxrbx ol pe6po, n

e.ryHufl or xpanulara na xofrro B rropecrara llr,acl e ugAra6ano JIerJIo, KaAero Bepotrno ce

BM@rBaJro rpeMsqHo opalu.re - HarIpI{Mep p€eq.IIo nonrpxuocrra Ea [oBerrero xocreEf, opt.ryrr ce ga6encgBar cJrelu{ or a6parrnna

o6pa6orxa - urmrfoBKa, noJrr{posra. Mxoro or orucalrnTe KaMeHI{u r{ Kocrelrn opbA}r! canpe6nrananr B orau. Oopunre Ea re3n opblg,f,, Karro H Ealrtnure na nspa6orBalrero nu 6nmrumporo pa3qpocTpaEgrr[ IIp€3 EeoJrrrTa rr cEeoJrnTa E naMlrpaT aEalroruu cpeA MaTepI{aJrI{Te IIatroBeqero naMerlrtrqr or Erlrapux.

Ocseg xaMeHEtr r{ xocrerrf, opb.u{r B xnJrtrulero ca orxprmn n 4 o6pa6oress $parr"reura otcrenfi Ea repaMrrqHn cbAoBe. Oopuara Ha re3u upe.q\{erl{ e nprrAaAelra qpee perylrmpaue rlopr6onere na nperynnamllffia. EAso or ilsqetfilsra EMa qertrpulrbJlrra $opya (6 x 3 x l), a Apym-Te - ArrcxoBrrlEa c Aurxuua cborBerrro 7,5,4,3 n 9,5 cv. ,{ne or rtx ca o6pa6orenu caMo c yAapEaTexrffKa, a crpaur{Te Ea rperoro ca AorrtJrHHTeJrHo urnuQorauu rro qenus [epl{Mer6p. TogutrpeAr\.rer e upo6ur B cp€Aara, so rrfi raro npoonBaHero e R3BbprueEo ABycrpaHHo, oqepraHstra Ha

orBepcrurra ca neKo n3Mecrelrli no oruolueHlre Ha ocra. Asaaoruqnfi KepaMuquu u34eJfiifl c'a

orKpETIt B MEOrO apxeonorEqHE [aMgTlrnq[ or pa3JrlilIHu eloxtr.Tnnonorrqecxr{rr aEarn3 Ha Bcr{rrRI{ nr6poem oprAEfi no3BoJrI{ Aa ce orAeJrtr cpeA Tcx

104

/,01*

O6p. 51. Kocmeuu optdun u ,cocmeHo Konve om zor'ailomo nouel4ewrc

rgcrpryegr11 c pa3noo6pa3Ho npeAna3xaqenxe. Ku'r-rpynara lra 3eMeAeJIcxETe opr"Atrfl ce ornacsrrpeM.5rreH eJreMeET or cbpfl (o6p. 50 2), uacru or 3 MorI{KH rr xpoMer. EneMeHTar or capn-cexaparoepr{3r{pa c orJreAaJr;r{ 6ff-cax Bbpxy eAnnl{t-crpantrq€H pt6, KaAero ce Ha6moAaBar Ao6peneiasenn nlnefirur cJreAr,r BbB BuA Ha KoMeroo6pasmr 0nrypr.-Ae6enunara rIa opbAl{ero e

naMaJrena rrpe3 orAercge Ha HrKoJtr(o nJrocKn orJroMbKa c IIeJI rlo-Ao6po raxpenBage Ha oplAl{ero B

Jreilroro Ha pbxoxBarxara. Iloao6ns KpeMbrIEn eJIeMeETR o$oprtarrn sagr6exoro Jre3B[e Ea

c6pnoBere xapanoBcrr{ rNna. Tp.e6Ba Aa ce or6erexn, qe Aaxe [pe3 panlrr{Te eranl{ Ea HeoJrI{Ta B

Einrapur cspuorere ce norBrBar c ra3n Beqe pa3Bnra $opua n He nperaprrsBar pa3B[TIre,

*upu*i"p"o ia Cpeaxa AgNns - or xbrB€E Irox c lpaBa ApbxKa Ao rBBI{r clpn. Torao6sroxrelcrBo cfiarrr norBlpxAaBa xr{nore3ara 3a npeuactne Ha 3eMeAeJmero Ha EsnxancxnxnoJryocrpoB or Ma-ua Aanc-x Enrgxxr r{3ToK. Ho rpr6aa Aa ce nMa [peABuA, lle efioxara,rrpeAlrrecrBauta HeoJrura B Et,Jrrapnf, - Me3oJrlrrtr, 3acera e cna6o rrpoyqena. florgnlnre ce

cBeAerrur 3a HaJrnq[e Ha eJreMeHTn 3a pr3aHe Ha pacTeHIIt npe3 KbcIII{fl IIaJIeoJIRT MOraT .qa €Tpergpar xaro $arr, norBtpxnaBarrl pa3Br{Txero Ira ycJroxlreuo cr6uparencrBo npe3 nocoqeHl{t

nbpuo4. flpx excnepxMegTzurrru pa6oru npu xbrBa Ha 3lpnelilr Kynryptr xapalroBcxl{Te sLprloBe ca

troKa3aJrH Brrcoxa eQerrunnocr H ca orcrrrrr{Jru no npofi3BoAr.rreJrl{ocr caMo Ha MeraJrHr{Te

optptx6,Moruxure r{Mar AoroJrxoBa ge$oprr,rupauu pa6orml Kpa[xla, BToprrqno E3[or3BaHrI Karo

yAapHr{ opbAl{c, a eAlro or rrx r{ Karo u3AeJrue 3a crprrBalre ua 6ou, qe creAllre or rllpB_olrarlaJrHara

i*'ynoti"Oa ia nan".nno 3aJrr{qexr{. flo rasn rprrnlla,TtxHara Oylt*tu" xaro o6pa6orsarur3eMrra optAqc e caMo fipeAnonoxeua, onpeAeJrena na 6asara Ha rl{noJlorfiqecrIr aniulorrru.

Xpovenrr, cnyxen 3a crpuBaHe Ha 3!pHo, 6un IBnoJI3BaIr Arlnro BpeMe' 3a Koero

CBr{ASTeJICTBa HHT€H3HBHOTO H3nOJI3BaHe ua pa6OrnaTa nOBlpxHOcT. _

Ase KpeMbrrril rrJracruHu cnyxeJrr{ sa pxs-axe Ha Meco (o6p. 50 3, Q.Te HMar no 2 crpauuurur

Jre3Brrr, Ha xonTo noA 6rxclryaxp ce flpocneAtBar rbuxa 6recrflqa r{Bl{qa n cla6o pa3rrqrlMn.xnneiRn creg,pa3nonoxexlr ycnopegno I{JrH noA lr3Becren BrIJI crlpffM_o JrI{HnflTa Ra ne:srero' Hapa6ornara tracr'rra e.ryo or Jre3BEflTa B pe3ynrar na ynorpe6a ca c€ o6paayuann Ape6m, [JrocKI'{'

pa3nonoxeHH eAuHnqEo gJrr{ B rpynu HeraTHBH, xapaKTepHu 3a uIrcTpyMeIITII C TaroBa

flpeggasHarleHue.

I

14 Parronrn x [poyqBalr[t, rs.25 105

flurlrre, crpyroBere rr pe3elllr !T xpeM-bx' r3IT9 u xaMelrnure r@Jrrr x 6pa4rara ca

u3uor3Ba'rr ," oopu6li*-u;"';;;. ntr"aia looi' so 1-c.rya pa6orun:f-ls,tbvsxryronnparra

AUIroBp€Me'Bpo3yJITaTHaxoeToHaeArrooTIe3BacTaiceo6paryr-arnrlT:TyKbcElqpl{xgnrraAJrlx'o ,3JrbcxBa'e r{ yr'Jtr{3aqn,o'e' perylu, fipl{AaBaur ni rnesssero nagr6en ru4' '(pyrnxrpa6orex xpafr cleA cnJr'o n3'ocBa'e 6tnll'np,e'o0-opnaen c [oMorIITa Ea 3aocrptlq peryllr' E'ryo or

xpcMbq'r{r" g"p"oo6;"6ot"uuu, op6rrit (o^6p. 50 4) c-5qerararro 2 $ymutv - sa rl{ra H pe3eq'

Pa6omara qacT Ha pe3ella ce pa3llonarana ga lrbJla Ea IIJIaCTIIEaTa' B XarIecTBoTo IIa mIJIa ce

r{3IIOJBBaJT eAnE OT CTpaHuqIrr{Te paooBe'

3a ocEprnaEe I{a AlpBera ce r3IIon3BiuII{ cTpyroae (o6p' S! Z' $'!WII oT cTpyroBeTe uMa

eArro JrBBne, o6pa6ore'o c perylrl, Apyroto e 6es rrbpuuna o6pa6orxa' Bropucrcrpyr e oQopuen

Ea qenga crbpraJrKa, e,q{H or "tpu"n"*ie pr6oie sa xosro cJryxen sa pa6otno 'ne3Blre'

Xaparrepen [pu3Eax Ha f,3IIOn3BaHe IIa oprnux c TaKaBa Qyrrwr e cranaJIOBtrAEOTo

sarqsp6cra"a "u

,r"a"nero. JIUSeftIII{Te cJIe.4H Ca XGCU qepTI'IqM C 11anperlgo pa3IIOJIOXeHne' K9I{TO

ce 3a[a3Bar o6rxnoseno caMo Bbpxy 11 xofi rr3rrbruaurn yrlacrlrln or pa6ornara qacr' Kar'aenrurre

TecJru n 6pa4uara (o6p. 50 9, 11) 6utmIr3noJI3BaIIn c ToJIeEoBItAHH ',qpBxKu' Pa6orsuTe IIM qacrtr ca

r{ETSIBI{BEO II3IIoceEIt. 3a reCmrre cit TIIIMTIEII rOCo pa3nOJIOxeEIITe xbM JI93BII9TO Arrr6Oxu U

.4bnrn qpr{xH. re rrrorataa 6r4ar I{ ilepleEAI{KyJrflpHII, KOeTO e cBlp3aEO C pa3nllqHl{fl MaIInep Ea

3axpetrBal{e R uoJloxeutrero Ea oplgero no BpeMe ua pa6ora'

Epagaara oCBeE ffipBoHarlaJl"at" Cn yttOrpe6a nO npelnasHaqeEue cJIyxeJIa Ir 3a HaKoBaIHs'

sa xoero csnuerercrsar Mgororo "li"o"'"o"*, ipymrparn B IreHTlpa Ha eAIIa or

t*"0fr;ffiEfiuor*"ru Ha Koxn (uaaene) 6nna nguorgBa*a qersa crlpraJrKa (o6p' 50 8), rtpxy

pa6OTHaTa rIaCT Ea xOtTO Eee.ryOKpaTIrO e EaHaCtE pcTVIII' Or'qenrn 3arla3eutr qacTn OT

rr3HO@HOTo Jre3BBe ca xapaKTepHo orna'qeHl'I R 3aKplrJIeEI{ -r

rrpoQnn' Tlxoga rlpeAHa3HaqeEre

[MaJrrr n 2 xepar"onrn uanenm - rIeTIIp[lrbJIno n lFcKorIrAHO' TexnEre pa6orror xpaElqa cbuIO-Ca

r{ETeTBHBEO E3EOCCEU, a Ha .qI|CToBREOTO Op5'qre nopaAu xapaxTepHOTO II3JIaCxBaHe e AOOpe

oqepra'a rpa'rn(aTa Ea ptxoxBar'ara sacr.'Brgl'roxsb e-sa b6pa6or"ase Ha roxn Aa e 6nn

trDoAEa3HaIIeI{EApyrfiflT.qIcroBI{AeIInpeAlvlgT'IIoIIonoBbpxllocTTaMyIIecaoTKpItTIIcJIeAuoT;fiffi;;. li;'#i; y""#d';;;44F*q'* c*pra*u np'o6pa6orxara Ira xoxa ca r{3Becr'rr

or rpacoJror'q@K'Te niuegnaru" ti" t"iifid" or 6ponsonara enoxa B Cpe'rya Agnr'

flporegeurre excflep11Megflr [orB]pxgasai rfyuqronamruie ottpe.Uenegific fr eoerrunuocrra Ea

*t" 31"#"HJ3H"-JfuT?tJl;"*o"He Ea rueBoBe-cnyxenr rrra.qrrrxl{ -2 or rpr6nn Kocrrr I{

elHa or rrotrarxa "u *""or"o. uo.p;"o r a" ce or6enex":_"._^113i91ti:t Ha re3E op6'4l{t

(Ancrarnaru ry "ulrj'.t-tuOtno"ai-yractlqn

c ocr1Try ot qepBeua 6oc' - Bepotrno oxpa'

LlgcreAsassro Ha rE3I{ yqacTblu ,ro,q 6oto*y{sp AaBa ocnosaHHe Aa ce cMsTa' qe 6ocra ce

BTpr.rBaJra B MexE nnarepuanu, HanpuMep;;*": B ernorp-a$utra e r{3Becr'o' qe HcKoH Eapo'ry uo

noiooen HaqI{H xasacinn opEaMeETH Blpxy Apex[Te clr'

3a npogyuuBarre Ea Koxli ." ugnoldsan EeroJItM xpeMbqeH npo6uoau' c pa6orxa qaCT Ha

:br:bJra Ea ruracrrrEa (o6p. 50 /) u **ti"o uII{JIo. 3a unese ce H3noJI3BaJra }LrJ[a, IIo creEIITe Ha

qrrero orBepcr'e ;';d;;ii i"io" r{3rr}cxBa'e, uorrrre'o np' rp'e'ero Ea xo'erla'

Ase rraAilil ;; ifrOnu xocrlt ca r3rIoJr3BaHII npr npuror*nero Ira KepaMrxa

Soplioma rr 3arJraxAaue lra crenrrre lra gbAoBere'

Ilyrarmrre c,e tr3[OJI3B AJIfr 34 cTpuBaEe Ea pacrlrTenHl{ npoAyKTI{' xaTo u ABeTe opblFff

"t"o$::.mffi ffJ3"5$::loffio.*te rexecrn 3a cra', orxpurl.r B xrrrrlrnlero. 3a gar,orosxa

3a flperllreE MOxe Aa ce npIIeMe AIICKOBUIHngT repaMurlen'npenr"rer cbc cJIeAg or npo6uuaue'

c uotrlolqra Ha Tpaconornqecxu fl aFIAJIfl3 Ce ycTaHoBIr llperuIa3EaqeHreTo IIe caMo Ha

THnOIOTf,q@1H lppa3eHtr OpbAIrc t"*"U *pit*a' 6p-a'Una' reCna)' HO u IIa sg4e61;9'' OTEaCttrU{ Ce

rlM e,qHa Tsilonomqecxq rPyfla, so uMa-IIF pa3nuttEE $ymcurr. Hauprruep B rpyuara Ea

rlJracTHr{rme c BTOpIlqEa o6pa6orra * uao"0"tupamr: IIItrl'a-' cTpyr' Eox' eJIeMesT 3a cbp[; xaTo

Eox 3a pr3arre Ea Meco ce ngnorpsaJra nnacrnna c yrr{Jlrnalflroueri ieryu; IIJracIIiHu 6ea rropuuna

o6pa6orxa * "roiJJ"il-;;-;p"d"", ;;;; nnia. B ErKor{ cn}^rail eAnH E cbtrr r'crpyrlrerrr e

r{Miul Er*ontro eyrrxry{', xaro cgpraJrra-crpyr, ruJla-p€3eq. Pe,qrqa usAeJlrrff HMaJTI{ BTop[qEa

ynorpe6a. Taxa norrpxtlocTllTe Ba cEJIIIo tr3IIo@EnTe MoTI,INII n 6panla, cJIyxeJII{ 3a Ea(oBiulHf, Il

r. n. cpe.u nsyrennre MaTepuaJIII 3a II'bpBI{ IrbT B IIeOJII{Ta n 6rmapcxuTe 3eMU Ca oTrpuTu II

tlymunonanno oop"nateun repar'm'r*it-*ptarxu' Bcn'mn u3creABasu or Hac opbAlrt ca

EaMep€Hlr sa uo.qa Ea pa3xonaHoTo xErmts r cJreAoBareJrHO [pnEaAJrexar *r'r o6oco6en

apxeoy1grf,rlegxtr NoMIlJIeic, rOero IIO3BOJIIBa Aa c€ pexoncTpylrpa CrOnancrara AefrnOCT Ha

o6srarenrre rra rrnqara n Aa,-ce EanpaBtr 3axrr)qegnt 3a-iaparrepa Ea EKoIroM[KaTa Ea

ceJrr{uleT.. @yrrlgroua;rmlrr na6op na oixpurnTe HIICTpylv{eEII{ cB -I.T.JICTBa' qe Eace,'eHReTO Ce

106

3aIrIrMaBaJro cDc 3eMeAeJrHe, o6pa6orKa lra AtpBo rr Noxa, IlrueHe lra KoxeEu 'ffSl(errn'.,

TtxaqecrBo,trpl{roTlcHe lra MIrEepaJrEE OrIBeTuTeJrrr; rBpa6OTKa Ea opblurc rra TpyAa n xepaMruErr CbAOBe. TOBapa3soo6pa3lle Ha optAlrtra noxa3Ba cblqecrByBarrero B ceJrilrqero Ea ,qefrHocr[, xof,To ceI{3BbpIuBaJra oqeBlr/,nro Br'B Bcf,Ko xrulnute. flo.qo6na xapTHHa cuopeA Synrquonaannrer{3cJreABaEHs ce na6rloAaBa B ceJrrflrlara fleprnrx, fr.nr6mx, ,{aurrurqa, Konareno, Ernrap'reno,Tonornurqa n Ap.

KEPAMlrqHr4 CbAOBE OT Xr4JrHrqETO

Cpe,q ocranxnre Ea Kblrlara or CrarRn a a w6parrr oxoJro 2500 xeparrrnvru SparMerrra.Mexay rflx ca n Span'rerrn, or Noaro ca cJIeueEE rler[ cbAoBe f,JrE cbAoBe c MEHEMaJIITorr3xycrBeno AorbJllrelrf,e. O6qnsr rrra 6poft e 12. Or,qenno rpr6ra Aa ce or6enexf, pecraBpxpautrrrorpoMell cbA-3bpnoxpanrr;rulqe, cloMelrar no-rope?. C usxflIoqeHue Ha rrrsrxus qerrrpncrpaneEcaA (B xaraJrora noA ]S l) ncuvxu ocrarraJrtr qerrr OopMr rpnnaAJrexar Ha nocJreAnxrl neptroA orH3[oJBBaEero na rblrlara. floqru Bcr{qKI{ qacrn Ha cnoMerraroro qernpncrpanno ,,ropuro" caHaMepegu MexAy 3aMa3xrrre lra [oAa, B roron3Toqgls brar Ha roJrrMoro noMetqegne. Ocnes roaaor luracra Ha BTopnqHI{Te 3aMa3rl{ npon3xoxAar oxoJro 2./3 or BcHqKrr EaMepenx B rbrrlaraQparrrrenrn. 3acera Ee e flcno Aturu flputruril{Te 3a rrxuoro ,,BrpaxAane" ca qncTo yrr{JrlrrapHn, rrqrnca cBtp3anl.r c E xartB acneKT Ea cneryJrarrBnoro Mrrq[eHe. Tpr6na Aa EanoMEuM, qe B1,BBTopttqurrr rIoA ca HaMepeH[ H troBeqero rexecrrr or raxaqxrrr craH. Craournr cMe Aa cBLpxeMrBJrer{ueTo c BTopaTa rpyua trpeArroJraraeME ocEoBaEur.

HEAHTOEAAHH KEPAMI4TIH}I Cb]IOBE

fpy6a (xpanunqna) xepaunca (o6p. 52, 53). fpy6ure xepaMnqrn cb.qoBe ca nrpa6oregrr orulnua c npf,M@ or cETeE ntgbx, a B pe,ucu cryqau E or CETEU pacrr{TeJrnu rracrnru{. flpn nanpanaraIrM e u3rIoJBBaHa Jrelrrecra rexnlr(a; rrmpl{Hara Ha orAennrrre Jrelrrrl e 4-10 o"r. .{e6enmrara" HacrelrnTe, tr3Mepena n uprycrnfuara qacT, e l-1,8 cu. Fpy6o 3anraAerrara trM BbEmHa noBlpxgocre ra$ma c pitilrfitlnlr orren6q[ vepno-xaQrBa Ao qepBeHo-rarfrua. Hmon 6abse caBToptrqHo lt3neqeHrr rrpu rloxapa B xx.nlrqero r{ EMar cBernorrepBen rlBcr. Jlourr o6rxxoneno e ceAHaKbB qBf,T B Iltnara cH IrrEpI{Ha. B or4ennr crysafi BlTpeulrara My crpaHa e [o-TaMIra r{Jrfi lrbxHMa rplrAenlra crpyrrypa c qepHa cpeAna r{Br{rla. fpynara ua rpy6ara repaMaxa e npe.qcraBena cocragKn or 34 cr.ua.

ftpueeudnu codoee. A. C npoQrilrupauo ycrue. B[cosfinara nM rrpeBurrraBa rrnrprnara oroJro1,5-2 nrrr. Vcrufinara qacr e BEcoKa 44 cv., a AnaMeTapbr Ea ycrtrero i 224A c1y..

.{naueruprr lra .{blroro e Brrgam no-MaJraK or ArraMerbpa rra ycruero. B rogx noATrrrr cBAoBe cepa3rpaurqaBar ABa BapRaHTa - c BAtri-HarE E gbc cMbxnartr paMexe. flrpaurr BapEaBT etrpeAcraBen cu7 ctva, a BTopntr - c 16. OQopr"rrnero Ea Btnrrrgara nM rroBtpxxocr e eAEorurrnos 3aroBa rqe ra pa3rne4aMe o6uto.

Vcrnftnnsr pr6 e B noBerrero cJrfran uraAtK n tao6neR, a Ea Htrou cbAoBe (7) e ynpacerorrope c IrJrtITrn tMfiqKI{. Fopnara [onoB[Ha Ha cbAoBere - or ycrl|ero Ao cpelara (nnx r..lamouo-rope) e cbc 3arnaAella noBbpxxocr. Vcruftsara qacr H Ts,roro Ea EsrorKo sbAa or BTopntBapI{aET ca pa3AeJIeHn ot peneQrra JIeHTa c r{aceqru uJru rMur{xs. B erurn clyvafi Btpxy 3auraAegaraqacr Ea cbAa e 6una r"ro4errnpana xrca peletfna Jrerra c flMETINE, 3aBtprrrBarlla c rpnAeJrrropa3ruIoHeErre.

Ilpea cpeauara qacr Ha cbAoBere o6nxnoneno npeMrlnana pene$na Jrerrra c Haceqxu, sMrrqrar.JIE E Koaxo paBuoMepno pa3uoroxequ yAe6enerux (xspacrury). Or ser Ao AtgorotroBbpxlrocrra e ocraBeHa 6eg garlaxAaHe s.Irs. e E3xycrBerro orpy6ena. B nrpnnr cayraft AolEararIoJIoBuEa Ea cB.uoBeTe e florpnra c pereQna yrpaca or rMr{gNB E rrprutrttrBaHlts, ,,f,Mrrpffo", aJIA c?pr3aEf, m{Enn. .flunxrnre (mp4r 9 ctAa) ca rpaBeuu c Brpxa Ha rrpacr (xuar utupnna0,9-1,4 cu), c Eoxrrt rlM cbAa. B noneqero cJryqarr Te ca B pa3rprrBeril, 6rursro pa3noJroxenfixopE3oHTaJIE r ilJIn BeprsxaJrErr petroBe; cb3AaBa @ BneqarreHxero 3a Eecr{creMEocr Ha yxpacllTa.B erurn crryvafi yrpacara e Da3rloJroxgEn s rrrqporf, BeprnKaJru[ Jrerrrrr, u3nrJrrrenrr c xopn3orrraJrEgpeloBe or recHl{ tMurtxlf. flpnUrunaHnffTa (nrpxy 4 c&'ILa) ca IIpaBeEu c rraJreqa u rroKa3aneqa(nr"rar rur{prrna 0,8-1,2 cru) n ca Hanacfiun B xoprr3orrrarnu lo6pe pa3rpaEnqexu peAoBe,xopl{3onTaJrllu JreIrrR rrJrrr pa3rpusemr 6rngxo pa3uoJroxenrr xopr{3orrrarrmn v BeprrmaJrnu pe5oBe,cb3AaBa[IH BlerIarJIeEI{e 3a rrecrrcreMnocr. Bprsarrara yxpaca e cpaBrrr{TeJruo psAxo rBJrerrue -perncrpnpaua e Bbpxy creurre na3 ctga, Beporrlro B6pxy AoJruara r{M [oJroBnua. Crcron ce or

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Kepa*tuuuu codoee c percfixa yKpaca

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o6p. 5-5. Tpu- u vemupunp,cmHu perceuu uso6paxeaun atpxy de6etocrneH,uxeotuodupanu xepauuuxu doee

rpyllu Bpt3alil c no-Tlno EJIu no-ocTpo opr,rye ycnope.ugtr JrEEns. Oc-ranarure 7 p3puenx,ryr cr4aca c lr3Kycrneno orpy6erra AoJrrra [oJroBuHa, T. e. Tr e rroKpr{Ta c}c cpaBnareJrno prlr*i ruruga, .pybo3trrJlaAelra c plxa. B sacr or cJrJ raf,Te cne,q roBa e trocrmrrara opr-arulsnpana 6ap6ornnra y*iaca,qHtrTo ycnopeAlrE noJlera (cle.ryre or npbcrnTe) ca aeprmrurgn, EarJrorrenu ann bnrsaroni4iz. fiABa cn)rya{ orpy6rnanero e rIoJD IeHo qpe uptrT[cKaue E ornenBarre Ha p6r(ara or rrnacra pslxaurnHa. Tasn yrpaca_Moxe Aa ce pa3rnexAa xaro ncenAo6ap6orurna. B'"oonxo cJrJ rar np€mI{3xycrBeHoro onpy6xBaEe lra AoJlnara noJloBurra no Hef, ca MoAeJrnpann Beprf,K:urxr{ nJrrrEaKnoHeEu pele$nn JIerrrE c tMErIKIr, 3auorrBaug or xop[3onTarnara o[acBaula JreETa.

E. C npar pt6 xa ycrrlero. Hrrar qnoftnoroxnqna gao6nena $opua. Bncoqlnara 11 ufipr.rgaraIrM ca floqrr eAHaxBH, clc cna6o npeBrlmeEr.Ie Ha rr]pBara. Brrrunara ltM [oBtpxnocr e 3aDIaAeHa.Vcrufitrusr pt6 e GrJIoBar rurn gao6neu, [orrrxora yxpaceH c rMuqKr{ otrope. perxcrprpa"" ;;Qparrrrenru or 4 craa.

Irauuvu. Id.v'a'r o6rp-lraroxoxurlna Qopr"ra. Brrurxara uM noBbpxnocr e 3arnaAerra 14Ee)nrpaceHa. YsrHfimlcr pr6 e sao6leu, B pelFr{ cJryqar e yKpacen orrope c rMurrK[. Pagnuqasar ce

1tl

I

2 rpyrm rraarusfi cpeluo ,qu6oxx (4) r u.mrrr (3). ,{rauempbr lra ycraero Ira ubpBRTe e3FY cM, a IIa Bropure - 4f54 ctu.

,{rnara Ea rbpxeBnsnre cbAoBe rr uaEf,rgTe ca MacnBrrrr - uJrocxu (9) r yae6eJrel[r, cBrrcorruna 0,8-2,5 cu (23 AaHa). flocre.rynre ca npoQrmpagfi orctpatu. ,{nauertpsT Ea AlxararrouaAa B rpaglrr{nre 1G-24 cu.

Trmcocremr (ryxrencrr r rpuernr) repermcr. TrrxocreunnTe repaMl{sxf, cLAoBe canspa6orern or Drrilra c nprrMec or cnTerr rrrgbr. flpx nanpaBara EM e [3noJBBaEa JrelrrecraTexnf,xa; rurrpnnara rra orAeJrxrrre nerrn e ]-10 cv. .{o6pe 3arna,qenarl wln IBJrbcKaHa BDIlulIanoBbpxrrocr tra cbAoBere e xa{rna c pa3rrriqnn orrelrBru - or repno-raQrBa Ao qepB€Iro-Ka$rga.

Cperuar ce f, cbAoue gDc crrBo-gepna noBapxnocr, a Hrroa ca BTopnqno tr3neqeux npu lroxapa B

xrrJl1rrlero n trMar cBernoqepBerr rp.f,T. Jlourr o6rrnoseno e e,qrollBerell, Eo ce cp€Iqar H lrf,f,oJrxo6;lrysar na rpucrrofiEo oqBerrBarre - c [mpora qepna JreHTa B cpeAara. Fpynara Ha rturocreEEararepaMura € upeAcraBena c ocraurri or 262 c 'pLa.

ftprceudnu adoee. A. C npor$ruEpano ycrrre. Bnco.rrnarg EM rpeBrrmaBa lilnplFara oKono1,5 nrrn. Vcrrfinara qacr e Br{coxa l,H cM, a,ryaMerbp}T Ea ycrrero e 12-30 cu. AEauerrprrEa Abuoro Bf,Harrr e rro-Mrurlr or AEaM€Tbpa Ea ycrlrero. B rorn rIoArHn cbAoBe ce pa3rpannqaBarADa BaptrauTa - c Erurrnartr E gtc cMrxnarn paMene. flrpnnrr Bapf,aBT e npeAcraBes c 30 cn,4a, aBTopHrr - c 82. OQopurnero Ea Brxrrrxara f,M noBlpxnocr e eAnornuso rr 3aroBa rqe rEpa3ilreAaMe o6uto.

Ycrnero B noB€qero cJr]ryau e caa6o r{3T}HeHo u gao6neno, a Ha MiuIKa rlacr or cLAoBere e cpaBnoMepno ,qe6en npoQnn r c oQoprtren BtEIueE Ir BlrpeIueu pr6. flo nsrmoqemre (4 crxa)ycrr{ero e yKpaceno orrope c Haceqxr. B qpyrx 12 crytat ycrrfirnrr pr6 e 6u.rr rpxr ro rpanaBatroBlpxrrocr rr 3apaBEerr - Belrcrrrro 3a Aa ce 3axJrynBa rro-IurarEo ycrnftnxrr orBop.

flo-rorcMara qacr or rrpneBu,qgare cLIoBe c upoQtunpaxo ycrue rMar lrilra.ueua rrrltrulouJrn [3Jrlcxana Btrrrrrra noBrpxnocr. Cna6Aenn ca c lro 4 nepnrxamrr{ Bbxecrl{ AptxKIt (64 craa)uJru c no 4 rprmu narena (7 wxa), npruerreHn rru nafi-umrporara qacr Ha rrJroro. BrxecrnreApbxxn ca o6nxnos€so sra6o rr3gLrDrer{n, Eo c€ cpeqar olqe xprrJrr u rpr6ecrr.

OcrasaJnre cBAoBe or ro3rr no,qrf,rr (41) ca yrpac€Hr{. Pemcrpxpanrr ca Sparrrrernn or Apacb4a c Ao6pe 3arrraAena raQmo-repua rroBrpxuocr, rroxpuTtr' c yctropeAlrlr Beprf,KaJIHIrnc€BAorarreJrropx. B ocrauaJrrrre cryqafi roplrara qacr Ea sbgoBere e clc 3arJIaAeEa noBtpxEocr, a

AOJTFaTa e OCTaAeEa 6eg gamaxAane. Mex.4r ABeTep:|IlJrf,|IHo oQoprvrenn qacrE o6NxsoseHoMurraBapeleSna JreETa c npuqqnBarrrre,lrJrfl, (fr.uo; c tMnrxn. B 9 cnyvar no sbrllara xoplrgonraJlga JIrtHnaca HanpaB€Ex rro EflKoJrxo (4?) rprrrur HaJrena, ron Kora yKpaceru. Brpxy 3 caAa peneQnara neHTariln rraJrerrr{Te JrrrrrcBar, Eo rro noBbpxnocrra na rpy6ara noJroBilIra ca flpunerrenn 4 xrcn HaKJIoEeIrnrr yctropeAxrr uoMor(Ay cn peleQnu Jrerrru c [pnrrltruBalilrt, pa3fioJroxenr{ rra paBnn pa3crotnr{t.Brpxy Es3arnaAenara AoJma rroBbpxnocr Ea ocran:LlttrTe cbAoBe e RanpaBena yrpaca or rM]rtmnrillr npuwmBamfir

-,,EMnp€co". .fi]msxure Bspxy 22 cbg;a ca sAra6aEH c Brpxa Ea rrprcr (nrr,rar

umpuua 0,8-l,l o"r) c norrrr xrM cl'Aawrr un caMo c Hoxrr (unpnna 0,7-l cu). Pasnonoxeullca r 6lngxo Jlexarqn pa3KprrBenrr Beprr{rurnu r:ln xoprr3orrraJrnn peAoBe, xo€To .gb3AaBa

BrreqaTJreril{e 3a Jrnflca Ea ctrcreMrrocr. Ilpuugrnnaus,sra (rrpxy 14 craa) ca rpaBelilr c raJrerl lrtroxa3aJrerl (urvrar umprrna 0,7-l crr,r). Hanacrnl{ ca B xopu3orrraJrnn RJrH Beprnxiunrl ao6pepa3rpaHnqerrH peAoBe.

E. C upaa pr6 na ycrrrero. H;war gao6nena ArofisororurYxa Qopr'ra. Bscoqnnara nu cra6oEaABr{rrraBa ru}rpmara. Brnrnnara uM rroBbpxrrocr e xaQrno-uepna, go6pe 3auraAena - rarToBlrpeumara. Vcrrf,mm pr6 e o6umoseso sao6nen, a B eluiE cnyuaf, - bruroBar r{ yxpacen orropec flMrqrtr. Or omrcaxnr noATnn ca penrcrpnpallf, Sparuernr na 5 c'cAa.

Rynu. A. C uporfnrrpaEo ycrne. Illnprxara ru o6urnoBeno rpeBnruaBa Bncoqunara oKoJro1,5 rrrru. Vqrrfinara qacr e Bucora 0,5-lr5 cM, a.IlEaMertptr rra ycrrrero e 11-18 cr'r.

AnaMerlprr Ea AEEoro e Burrarn no-Mrurbr oryFaMerspa Ea ycrnero. Kynrre or ro3rr tro,qrntrurr.rar nonycQeprnilu Qopua.

Vcrnero B [oBeqero cJrfrau e cla6o R3TaHeso r gao6reso, Eo ce cp€Ilar u cb.qone cpaBrroMepHo .qe6en E arJloBar ycrxen pr6.

Forruara qacr or xyrnrre c npoQnrmparo ycrne (22 cl'xa) f,Mar tr3qrno 3anra.uena wMn3Jrbcraxa ra$xra, qepBeno-raQrna nrm repno-raQrna noBbpxxocr. Ocrasanrre cbAoBe oT To3f,rro.rlTrrr (4) ca yrpacenr{: ycruero tr ropEara qacr Ha rrrroro ca 4o6pe 3arJra,qem, a lraAoJry (Ao.qrnoro) cne,rya Ee3auraAeua troBbpxrrocr. flo ser e EaEec€Ea yrpacara - BeprrrKlJrEE Bpr3aHEJrI{HIrIf, fMrr.IrI| or Eoxtr nJIx npru$rnBalilrt - ,,ltMnp@o".

E. C npar pr6 na ycrf,ero. I4uar gao6resa Fof,Hororrrsxa Soprvra. Illnpnnara EM e rro-roJrrMa or Brrcorilrnara. Brrrrrnara rr Brrperulrara noBbpxgocr ca,uo6pe 3aruraAexu. Izluar qepgo-raSrn qrrr. Vcrnfimrsr pr6 e cna6o H3TtHeE n gao6nen. Hgcnelpasucr troATlrn e npeAcraBelr cQparr"renrr or 5 cbga.

rt2

14 ts o 5 10' zo

o6p. 56- (Dopuu ta ncaneo6upaau n,M@cme,Hu repanuwtu adoae

15 Parxonrr lr npoyqBanu, r!r. 25

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ll4

r l_1,.,,1 r.,

o6p' 58. (Dpaenenmu om n',r.*oct,toru teueo6upatu kcpa$*au adoee c xaucnrcp*, ep$uu u peaeQw yxpac,

1

lr5

Iluu+tr.:gr]Mat o6rpuaroxoEnqEa rbopr,aa, upoQunsr sa fieErTe I{M e npaB nmr cla6o u3A}rr

EaBbE. Bncosf,rara IIa rraEHrslTe BEEaru e [o-Maffa or AEaMerapa IIa ycruero,xo*ro II5x e BEHarIt

no-rorrf,M o. ror"*r'i*^il'iil- irrlt", flasrurnre ca up€.ucraienn c ipparuenrn or 104 cr,qa.

Brrpeurnara rrM CTparra e BnEaru .qooPe 3arnaAeEa IrJm E3Jlbcxana. cuopeg o6pa6orxaTa Ea

Br'rrrrrara crpa'a na'nllnre cc pas,Uenir Ea ,Pa 11oATrma: c no6pe 3apla'q'eEa IrJ'o I{3JrlcKaHa

;;;&; tl-+l y"" c He3arna,Aena BtErulra crpana (30). Ilamqtrr€ or rl:rpBnt uolrrun ca

paBrroMepgo oopaoor€Hrr or ABeTe crpaHtr. Huar repreno-ra$nra norrpxnocr. ,[uaueT6p]T IIa

;;;;;-t1:flrnr. flamrqnre or Bropuc noArrru nMar cuerg<lruna rpanaBa raro rltca( cEBo-

iu6""" orytllella IIoBlpxEocT.,{uar"re6plr Ea ycTnero e22--4 cr'r' HgnornBalll| ca 3a nprroTBtlle

Ea xpaga Bbpxy Xap8. VCrufinara qagr sa CbAOBeTe 11 OT ABaTa IISATI{Ia O6nrsOnen6 e E3TBHeEa' a

i-rftr*"i ri;6 - iao6les. B 9 enysaa or Bropns IroATIrr rIaH!{IE ycrnero e y(paceHo c umpoxs

Eaceqrll.Har,repnamrTa Ea BCIlrtKu IIaMepeHtr Sparuentn notra3BaT' qe ClopeA brbJla Mex4y

urocrocTTa rra ocnoBaTa H CreI{IITe [aHI{III{re ce pa3AeJltr na 3 rpyrtrr: IIJII{TKn (20-45)'-Cpealtg

ar"OriiiiiO-ZO;; o a"nOorg_(naa l0_"), Cr.uonere or ABara nolrlrlra ce pa3upe.4entr MexAy rsx B

ornollrelrf,e cborBerlro 6:40:28 n ll:13:6',(rnara Ha rbH1ocreHul{re xep-a-Muqufi ctAoBe ca pasnoo6palryI noJIIA' Perucrpnpaun.ga 2!

rurocKrr Arua (Asa^a"td 6-ii-;^;),!t tA;6t""t* s"t" ("ttcoqrsi 0,4-1,3 cu,4naMerrp 6-13 cu)

a 20 ygelenenn xoruciBnf, AbEa (rucoruna 0,5-l cM' ,qgaMeTbp ^5-10,5 -cr"r)' Ocneu roBa ca

EaMepegr 12 xyxu ctorluera'1rsco.{IlHa 1,2-3,3 cM' roaMeTbp 5-10 9Y) - 5 qenn n 7 rpn'qelso

;;;il";il. iio"o EeBb3MoxEo e Aa c€ pa3npegertr HiuilitlErre 141 A.lEa x1M rpl{re rura

xepaMurrsu cbAoBe. Moxe Aa ce upeA[onoxlr o6ave, qe ryxnTe cToJIqeTa IIpIIEaAnexaT IJIaBIIO lra

x)mu, a ocTaIraJIr{T9 AAEa - xbM qeTupuTe ocTaIIaJII{ $Opr'ru caAoBe. E'qno ot IIJIOC(nTe AAHa C

',aMer'p np"onrrrfrenso 20 '.a

6nlro npo6nro BepoflT'o Ha Ecxor1o Mecra olqe qpepr

Ircm{rrattero lra gbAa - AEaMerlpbr I{a 3arlu}enara ,ryrrKa e 1,5 cr'r'

Vawu. ftoApag.qelsT ce na_ ABa IIoATI{ra. A' C noly@epu'rna Sopr"ra' Brrmrsara u

Bsrpeursar" ur tto"iii"o"t .u noOfi"urnagell{ r IBJIacxaHll; iMar qepuo-raQxr qncr' Vcruero- e

T13T611SEO 11 3aoon€Eo, a AIIIOT9 - nnoC*O. Crernr1e ca Ae6elu 0,8-l'l cu' He Ca yrpaCeIIE'

,{uauerrprr ua yctxeto e 12-14 cu' PerumpnpaHt ca 7 ct4a or ro3lr rIoATIrn'

E. C rOpAa IEJrHHApuqsa s AOJIEa xOsuqsa qacT' Brmlrara E BlTpeIuHaTa I{M noEbpxggcT ca

Ao6pe 3auragemt, ""-@r cJryqafi u s3nacxaml; HMar lepBeno-KaQ* urxr' Vcruero e 3ao6neuo'

Ab*oro - yAeoeJrero. -sjtr-iL a ue6etMO,H,8 cv. He ca yKpactBa'tr. ,{uauerrpar Ha ycrl{ero

e 8-12 ctr. YcranoB€Ils ca 8 c:r.ua or ro3lr rIoATItrr'

AHTOEI{PAHH KEPAMI'IqHN CbAOBE

Anro6npana f,eyKpscef,a xepsMn€ (O6p. 59). Arro6rpawre EeyKpaceEII XepaMI{qHII sbAOBe Ca

,"ooita"r", ogpaObttr' ca or ',IuEa

c r[nn KBapqoB nplrMec. ]Iguorssana e Jrerrrecra rex'rffa'

flonrpxnocrru "u *go;.'" e ,Uo6pc sarnagena II cJIeA ToBa e noxpl{Ta (o6rrnoneno oT ABeTe

Crparu) c qepBerra, a B peAKII CJryqa[ - C rpeMaBa AO CB€TJIOxaSrna anrO6a' Trr"rxoro [OrpI{THe e

rr3rJ1oqes[e. JIOUTT na 6parrtleinr.e qecrO e e.ForISeTeE - qepBeg AmI

''O Ir3K'lIOqeEne qepeg' Eo

;;;r;,;; tp""rtox"mo oqBertBage - qepBeno rlM ADer€ noBlpxgocru I{ qepgo B cpeAara'

fpyuara Ea axrooupallara lreyKpacena KepaMIIxa e EpeAcraBesa c 80 ctaa'- "- rrprr"uar" *fiiii. A. C-np_o6nrnrpano ycrue. V',ar uoqrn- cibepnvxo rtJlo' or xoero c€

oTAeJrrT ycrueTo " A""o*. Vcnifiriara qacr nua B[cotII{Ha 0,S-2,5-crrr n,q'aMertsp 10-15 cu'

,{nar,rerrprt *" -"Bolai6"n."oro u npo$trrpaxo ,q.bgo e BIrEartr uo-Miul}x or AgaMer'rpa sa

ysrfi+To. perncrprpas';e-8 gbAa oT rosfi uo.*mu RMaT rlepBesa Il B eAI'lE c.nyrafi - cBeTJroKarpera

noBli''':-Hcrcr' an pr6 Ea ycruero. Huar y.qbJD*erra ofeponana Sopr..ra. ,{naverrprr Ea ycrnftEara

"""= a i"l--ti c,o. Tg3o cbAoBe BepotrHo trMaJIu IUIoCKIT AbEa' raKBlrro ca perf,crpl{paEu' a cblqo II

BIX6CTTI .1DT,11;KE. flOnrpXnOCrta Ha ABaTa CbAa e rlepBe6a' a IIa TpeTEr - xaSma' ttoKprrTa g

KDeMaBa tir.;'Sf-iir'^**}f,uri. , -.

C'npro6rnnpago ycrne. flo-rorrnrrara qasr or ro3n BtrA cbAoBe uMa noJryc$epuqHa

6opua (7't, r. {,r,' ::rrata Ha ocralraJl*; i1 -* Ao6mxaBa .Uo c$epa (r' e' re ca Arn6oru)'

,{uarrre6ps', ,'uU 'r,'ti'l*to nv e 12-18 cv. O6nxSosego Ky[UTe ca c IIH9KO xyxo Tplt'4eJrgo I{J[I

Eepa3q;1estlg.O C'triJr91,;,, EO IItxOH uMaT yAeOeneEO KOHTaBIIO AIEO' npOSUfrnpaEO OTCTpaIIf,'

floarpxno*rril Ha Bomqxu cb.(oBe e qepBeua'

B. C rr,2an f,#;;;;"il. ffu*t.pl"" . e.r*a 6monnqlra ryra' xo-cro ""p"9_631::11T,1 :

qepBega, a 11O6JI€ - C KpeMasa asrO6a. BepO.rrnO e 6sna g:bC CTOJ[qe' ,(uauerrplr Ea yCTueTO I{ e

17 cu.

116

O6p. 59. Qopuu ita utzodupaau Hq/xpaceHu kepa.Ntuqw 6dne

I

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F

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O6p. 60. Qoptu xa auzoflupatut Tey'<pacevu xepanuuu adoce

118

0 5 10t---

Anzodupaxu kepauu.tttu adoee c pucysaila Qprurilerrnaryr, (6.naa 6oa)

O6p. 62. Anzofiupauu tepclrtuqHu czloee c pacysaHa opHaileHmaqun (6ata 6on)

Ifanu4u. Huar o6apnaroxonfirrua Qopua. flpe.ucraaern ca c $parMelrrl{ or 58 cbAa.fJpo$unm Ea crennre nM e rpaB HJrf, cJra6o m4fr HaBaE. ,{narraertprr Ha ycrf,ero e 32-45 ct't.CrAonere ca flocraBenr{ Beporrrro Btpxy rpupennu croJrqera rrrf, nbK RMar rrJrbrHu ALHa.flonrpxrocrra r*r o6nxxoBerro e 4o6pe 3auraAera n rroxprrra c rrepBeua arno6a. Cnope4 braJraMexgy rurocxocrra Ha ocrroBara rr creHr{Te rranrrtgTe ce noApa3AeJltr lra 3 rpynu: IrJrI{rKr{ (20-45"),cpeAuo,ura6oru (50-70') u grn6oxu (ua.u 70") n crorllolueHr{e 4:29:25.

120

0 5 'r0rFtrF-

O6p. 63. Axzodupauu ,<epailuqHu adoae c pucyscua opHa*teurnauui (6nm 6on)

.(rnara Ea anro6[panr{Te Heyrpacenr{ cbAoBe lrorlaAar B Hcrorxo rpyflrr: rurocxu(rurav. Ll-12 cM) - 2, yAe6e.nemr (nrac. 0,5-1,5 o"r) - 12, or xorrro rurocru 6 (auar'a. 6-7 cv') uxorrxaBrrx 6 (.ryau. 8-9 o'r), xyxr cronrrera - 7 (nnc. l-3,5 cM, AlaM. 7-10 cu).

AnroSxpaux KepaMf,qIIU cbAoE€ c pf,cyBana yrpac. (o6p. 61, 62). Texnolornqrrr{Te Aarrnu 3ara3II rpyna KepaMrqHn cbAoBe ca cxoArrH c rrpeAXoAEaTa rpyna, uopa4r xoeTo E Ma Aa rEnoBrapsMe. Yroqnenue ce lraJrara o6aqe 3a u3[oJl3BaHara auro6a - caMo qepBeEa. HcxoH sbAoBe

J

16 Pagronrn r flpoyrrB:lHxf,, xx. 25 t2l

O6p, 64. Auzo6upattu Kepai'tuuHu ndoae c pucystt*t opHa'ueHmaqua (6nta 6on)

ca BTOpIIqHo onaJreHtr rrpn uoxapa s IIBeT'6T rM e IIpoMeHeH. HaMepeHI{ ca II ABa sparr"reura or

Ae$enOCTeHIIf, gbAOBe, no crre.4rre-oT yKpacaTa ca Hetcns'- fpynara Ha pncyBallaTa KepaMf,Ka e

;;;;;ffi; t ,i-dft;*" or 36 craa'. Ana or rrx ca pecraBp',rp,'"'r.^, a oprraMe*rarl'ara

xoMno3nlll{flIIaIIoBeqeTooTocTafliuTl{TeeBb3cTaEoBeEaIIJIuenprr6lnsnTeJmoBb3cTaHoBuMa.Yxpacara Blpxy BcHqKI{ cbAoBe or ra3n rpyna e Halrecena caMo c 6sna 6oc'

122

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O6p. 66. Axeo6upaxu Kepauu.tHu cdoee c pucy*ana opHcttrenna4un (6nm 6on)

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ftptteeuduu adoee. Hr"rar npaBruIEa u-rm cna6o yAlJDKeHa cQeprrna Qopua' ,{rauerrprr na

"*.ro,or-;'l;, c1,. EAns roJrrM cbA or ra3rr rpyraxMa,qlraMerbp lra ycrrrero 20 ctu a

;;;;;il;*ono l+"^r. Hafi-ropxara'qacr Ea cb.uoBere e upoQrurrpasa o6lrxRoBelro B cpaBErrerHo

m{cKo qrnilEqpru""'i;;; i;il-i-t o"r), aocrnraulo B eAIrH cn}ryaft Ao 7 cu' FtpnearrAm{re

cLAoBe fiMaJrn noncxora BaxecTn ap"*l#.'Onrcsaqara rpyra e rpeAcraBesa sbc I y*---floAycTuftHoro upocTpancTBo Ha rr>pHeBqJ{HI{Te gbAoBe e noxpllTo c Mp€xecTa yrpaca IIJIr{ IIar

upe3 rrero MrrHaBa ycuope4na na ycruero IUlbTHa JIWItILfl. ocnosHara KoMno3IIIIEt e IBrpaAeIIa

oTBuc'IIJRnu3[paBeHIITpI,IbrbJIHnMoTEBIIr.l$^eupeAcTaBeHacxoMIIo3gIII{'Ta',BeEeqIIa;"A6;rArero.., EirarflBrrtrTe MorItBI{ Ea xotro ca Snamnpagu c roqx11' Euncrnesara IEIIcro

Br3crauoBe*" *ro"i" *o*ot"tror (nrpxy cuolren-aru' rontM cla) ce g'crolt or uraxMarlro

pa3flonoxegtr Bgcqr{ u r611paBegn rpriru.nnnr{8, n3rrbJrlrentr c Mp€xecra yKpaca' a Mexgy rsx

npeMrrHaBa crrJrHo HaqyneHa BBUUa, t"t """t" or 6 ycnopeAllu TeCIIH JIeIITI|' KOUnOguqrrra

gb,[]pxa no 6 vornBa B .{sara PeAa'""^""Firi'.; A;e;r;y";. n6 $opru ca nafi-6runKrr Ao rbpneBrAHrrre cbAoBe. lluar noqrl{

cripepUrnO TSJIO, HO MaKCI{M:IJIHUflT IIM luraMeTbp e- rtO-IOntM OT BECOqUHaTa' ycrnfrnaTa rraCT e

ru'poro orBopena ; -t;;"fi"1n;

p"g e cla6o npo$unrpax HaB."E' Penrcrpnpalr' ca ABa cbAa'

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ya"*rr";;;;;;4""b. 4t "t.t"pbr sa ycrgero uy e27 cM' MaKcsMaJIIrRtr Agauerrp

- 37 c.*.,u "r"o"rnoutu'-

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Opniruenralrfara (oMIro3EqEs lra ro3rr cbA cbAbpxa nogycrnftra

Mpexecra yxpaca r ocgoB1ra *o*rrortr,i"- oiiZ p"t6rqn1 I{ TpI{arbJIEn MorHBa' Pou6uqmrre

MorrBr{ ca gbcraBe'u or ',o

4 snucag{ por,r6a; nerainsgoro noJre__B cpeAara e QlamnpaEo c rorlKr'

TpntruuuTe MoTIIBI{ ca Bncsrqu E BJM3aT Mex.{y pou6nunure' I'IsnrnHeEI "-1: yp"*"cra yKpaca'

,{onrnre TpHtrbnHra uoJreTa ca qacTIlsHO 3anbflHeHx nal( c Mpexa" Bropnrr cbA IIMa 'ryaMeTbp Ha

il*fi; 21'c.1-u Maxcf,Ma;rer .uraMerbp 24 cn7.. flo,uycrnfinara My yKpa€a € cbcraBe'a or s-oBH'(EI{

MOT1BI{, KOIITS upeMngaBaT R IIo BlTpeIUHaTa C.1panara-XlycffieTo' OCSOSHOT9 IIOJIS e 3aeTO OT

qeTnpueleMerrTrra xoMuo3urgs ,,Begeq na nno.qopo4geT9". B upn6rnrlnTeJlgg TpUbrbJIHnTe IIOJI9Ta

orrope Mexry MorgBrrre ca upe;lcraBeuu lrerarlrBlrfi eJIeMeIrrIl c tfopt'la Ha ABypora KorBa'

E. E11rornqgg;y"". Harrripep1 ca Qpag"rerm or 3 crga' ruIaMeTbpbT Ea lrpaBoro ycrne e

13,5-18,5cv. H r rpure cnyqat uOAycrtrfinoro noJle e 11pa3llo' BrsCTaHoscBaHeTo Ea OSHSBHI{-

Te xoMno3 llwv e IIeBI3MOXHO' HO e scHo' qe rlacT oT MOTIIBI{Te ca I{3[lJIHem c MpexecTa

*ou"i. flonyc<fepurr'H KyrH. Lltr,lar sao6nen npoilul n cna6o np^o$uanpaEo EaB."H ycrl{e'

Beporrno 6n*r nocraBe'R aa HEcKo ryxo cronqe. ho.upag.seJrsr ce na 2 rpymr cropeA pa3Mepl{Te

;:ift;;"";;""6i""r" 8 crta , arnuttt"p Ha ycrrlero -13-18

cM, a Bropara - 3 cbla c ycrlreE

iii"X;'rn-O cil noaycrnfisoro noni na irorycsepnqlrure rymr e rpa3'o wr'' e 3arrlrl'elro c

Mpoxecra )6paca, Ttrrxa JreIrTa uog ycruftmn p's6, pe,ruIa oT roJIeME TOTTKE' rsp;1cHAOB11Aro

MorI{Bu. B eArru clyrafi ocnosHaia roMrro3l'rl$fl 3anoqBa or ycrxero' flonosrRara or

p€morpEpaffire sbgoBe ca yKpaceEE c ocIIoBHa xoMIIo3EIII{t ,'BeI{eII sa unoAopo'4{gTo" c 6-8

MoTuBa' a Bbpxy J gbAa e npeAcTaBeEa roMllo3l{rur' oT :1"-"II[, H IEnpaBeEII Tpf,brbJrHn MoTI{Btr.

vxpacara Ha e,4{rr crA sxnloqBa ABypeAIra xoMno3III{$t or luaxMaTIIO pe}uonoxellu IIpaBolrlJIIIu

IIoJIeTa-R3ITbJIIIeIIRcMpexecTayKpacanJII{IIbKIUIbTIfr'cEeraTtrBel{eJInIIcoBEAeEeJIeMeETIIoeAIIHI{I ,UIaroHaJI. Brn Bcexn p"A

"a. "upn"y"""n 19 -8 MoTIIBa oT ABara Bnila' Ocsossara

xoMng3nrlur Ha Apyr caA ce cbcTon ot 8 nrrrinn por'a6nxm MOTI{Ba c EeraTf,BeH emiuCOBEAes

eJIeMeHTuoBucoquHaTaIIM,aTpnlrbJIHIITeIIoJIeTaoTropeuoTAoJIyca3aIIIJIIIeIIHcBuc'uuluE3npaBem MpexecTl{ TprbrbJIEEIS{'

I.. JIarresEAHu cbAoBe. PenrcrpupaHu ca $paruenru or 5 qsla' 3a paslnxa or Tpaxur

""lo"rr" oi Crr"rrn"" ca flo-rr'cKn n iiopnrara rr-.r e no-6nnsxa Ao xy[a, orxoJlxoro Ao i'ap'e'

vcTltero r{M € gbBceM cla6o npo$xnnpaRo Ranrn, a cTeHHTe IIaAOJIy ce Ii3AyBaT C}BC€M Cna6o'

Beporrno r.ro *Ao"e ca 6nnx i t"J- ii;+.',[uavemprr Ha ycrnero nrvr e 13-15'5 cu'

Ilorycrufi.noro noJr€ e ocraBer{o [pa3no uJrff e 3arnJrueffo c up-execra yrpaca (npe6sa I{ eApa) HJIf, c

Ea1JTOIISHI{ yCnOp€AIIII qepTU{KH, pa3nOJIOxeEU B rpyffi' OCnOsHara KOMnO3I{q[c e gbCTaBeIIa OT

Br{cflry R r{3rrpaBegn rpnbrbJrnr{rrn, r[3rrbJrrreun c Mpexecra yKpaca (u elgu crryrafi - IIo 6 ]rornsa

;;;; p"a"), or-g Jrr"*"n 6aroconuauu MorsBa rm or g upaaorrrJrrrn MorrrBa-peAyBa

cG TTJISTHO 3aIIbnBaHe c HeraTI{BeH eJII{ICOBUAeH eneMeET B CpeAaTa II 3aIIDJIBaHe c MpexecTa

y(paca.Ilauu4u.ct6panu ca $parueurll OT 8 ulnrxu I{ cpeAEoAln6oru clAa c'4IaI\{eTbp 2}-30 cu'

orgcHcayKpac€HHcpa3JIIltIHuBapuaIITI{Ea3aIIoIIBauIaoTycTI{eToocHoBIIaNoMno3uII[''sbcraBe'a or rnpnrrrAoBrr,ryH o n."tii"n*--r*"". ororrpe

-no.uycrufuoro none (roraro e

o6oco6exo) e 3amJrEeIIo C Mpexecra yKpaca xJIu c peA oI roneMll TOqKI{' ocsonsara xoMno3EIF

BbB BCIIqKH perHcTpHpaHH cJryqafi e raprranr Ha ,,BeIIeq Ha IIJIoAopo4ueTo...

Hauepexn ca u Qparrraelrrtr or g ""5*i, "Oo"ii"i"o

rp'[erln' sronqera c ,oraMersp 7-9 cu'

Orstu ca yxpacenn 6'Z ,qo 4 xopnsouraJrrrn ycnopeAnn rlnKu resru'

125

KATAJIOT HA IIE.ITHTE KEPAMHTIHH CbAOBE

l. flrnrrrr qeTEpnsrpaHeH c6A (o6p. 67). cremre-xa-ocEoBaTa ca cla6o r3AyTu' a caMara

oc'oBa e c EerrpaBnr'a qerf,pn""p1*; Qg'pt" I pa3Meqli 40 x 50 cu' Ysrnifiata qacr e

npn6rurgrrerso oBarga, c pa3Mepf, Of i if 'cu' Ct6rmte sa c6ga ca Ae6e'nr (oxono 2 cr''r) u ca

saxnouenr EaBaE. Bncosrnara EM Bapupa or 18 Ao 22 c1l-'-Vcrnirmrlpr6 e yrpacen oTrope c

rrMtrs3n, a up€3 R3BeCro pa3cTotgge c" naopanem Arn6oxU' no gao6lentr BpmBarrrs' Orsrn

cre'trre ca cBerrror"d;;;,6t-6;;* y*n"."o c 5 mnporn Beprrr*arr'f, pene<[mr_lelrrn c tMrtIKE'

OrrrrpecreHsreE.q,bEorocacAobPe3aHIaAeEaqepBelro-Kar[raanoerpxEogr'2. frpne toOp. ?g;:tGp-"fi" b"d;;.t""6" ripopunrp-aEo IIaB-bE Eucxo vcrae' qerrpr

BepTrrKrurEa Bcxecrll Aplxrn uo nar'xs,qyTaTa qacT xa rmoro' Ka$rna neamo6npana u

3arnaAerra rroBbpxsocr. B ocnonat" ""--il6*ata ycttrl"a qacr BTopIrqEo e npo6ura Ayma c

Iu{rM. 0,6 clr. Cr.qpr e EarporueE rr pecraopnp*'-91 Blx@Trre Aplxrr caMo eAlrara e

oDrrn{EaJrIIa. Vsrrero e ugqs,,o naqup6erio' Pari'repn: AsaM'ycT' - 7'5 cu; I[raM' MaKc' - 13 cu;

fr"^.. ADEo - 7,8 cu; BIrc' - 13 cv'3. Frpue (o6p. 3& 99 10)' CQepuua 0opu3 Hucra ryt'=i1l"T-I=:^y*6ereno Allro'

KaQflB rIBf,r Ea "eaoo6rpa"ita

n6r"px"g.__ryy:r{ paMeEere EMar Ao6pe 3auIaAeIIa Ao

f,3ntcxaga IIOBlpxEocr. HaAo{Y.qo,Upsoro cJIe.4Da rpy6a uoBlpxnocT' flo safi-unrpoKaTa qacT Ha

cr.qa (s "."".n"A"ioro "q"a)'ca

paruonoxeEg lrepanuor'repio 4 naxlonem pene6m JreErE'

trpec€qegu "

np"o.ium1a. crmr e n-arporuen x pecraBpltpar. ^Parmepu: 4rfr{. ycr' - 16 cpt; AI{aM'

rr,raxc. -29 cM;,uaM. ADBo - 13-9u; rrc. I 24,6 cv; Bf,c' IrrRff - 3'3 cu'

4. Frpne (o6p. 39, 69 t1). cod;+; o"p-r'r 4:-a rrr'I c npaBo ycrl{e. vqe6ereno

EaxJro'eEo nDso. KaSg rlBtr Eq "e.ffoO"paiata

nonrpxuocr' IIIncra e Ao6pe 3agraAega' a

rrrroro - c rpy6a;;;;pil;:'i;;;. Ea-sbAa e yKpace'o c EoKbrEI{ rMIrqKn' orsaqaro ca

EaEac'EuT}pnenf,BoBxopn3oFTlUIEEpeAoB€'EoroJIflMaTaqacToTlloBtpxlocTTae[orpl{TacJIeAToBa c 6eapar6opno *""&"n so1gqf,q.-Qrgrr e Earpolrreg tr pecraBp'pan' Paguepu: lo'aM' ysr' -16,5 cu;.UaM. n"*r. -23cM;,qraM.

-;";--fi,5 cu; "ii'--'Zt',2 cv; rnc' v6s'- 3'5 cu'

5. flann,.a toOi. Og ;i. i;A;a, c o6rplsato*orycoBu.Fa Qopr'ra' flpa' n u3rblre' ycrl{e'

pt6. VRe6enego AFEb. Crcbrso-srp"u "Luooi6"pu"a n saua4exa nonrpxnoc-r' Clrmro Earpolue'a

ir pecraapupana. Paauepfi: -ru{a},r. ycT. 19,3'cu; AraM. AIEO J 8 cu; nuc' 10,3 cu'

6. flaHrrqKa (o6p' 69 6). Ilmlrxa, c o6rpnaroxoEycoBl{'ua Qopr.1a. flpar u f,3TaEeB ycTIIeH

pr6. Cna6o vo"o".i5";-Ad;. - qip"'""o-xu$sBa 3arra^e*a' Heauio6npang rroBrpx*ocr. I{r-n.

Paenepu: gra,.v.- y;- ib,5 "*; rt1t'aitio - 4'5 cu; Bf,c' - 2'2-3'2 c:nl'

'*"'11'kfi; t"6 69 8):'tedoiu$""u 3arrraAena roBrpxnocr. orrope e noKpIIr c Bpt3aEa

yKpaca. KorrruoguqgrTA e cEcTaBeHa oT 4 rpnrrurmrxa' nacouem c BbpxoBeTe cI{ KbM qellTtpa Ha

iJ".u. Pau'repx: AIraM. - 14 cM; ?rlc' - 3'8 cu'- 8. Aur6oxa *ffi"ioOp.;1 2;'a8j:

''o*.o fu9p"una Qoprvra' Cna6o upo$nanpaH EaB]H ycrlre'

pr6. y'e6en""o ,io"t;;;"*.'qebse*a arno6npaoa honrpxxocr' CrAtr e y*pac€H orBblr- c

ocgoBrra KgM11o3nrs c. or l2pou6uunu MOTUBa' BCSXH Or xonlo e gbcTaBeII Or 5 smrcagll poMga'

ograsaus{Te ropEn TpnbrbJllil{ npocrpaEcTBa Mex'q/ MoTEBuTe ca 3anaJlHem c gpe6sa Mpexecra

wpaca.Ilogycrrreroerrasec€EacblqoMp€xecTayxpaca.I{rlararoMno3a4I'eHaplrcyBaEac6ffia6os.cl,uDT e qacTffgEo 3aIIa3eE n p*{""p"pan.. Paer',rep[: ru|aM. ycT. _ 26'7 cl4l' AIIaM.MaKc.

- 36,7 cM; AuaM. al"o - 11,5 o"1 inc' - 30'9 ctr't'

9. Kyna (o6p. 69 3)' -Ilo"vo6"ffi" O"pi*' C"i6t IlgtTyfHnIIaBlIr vcruen pr6'

Vae6enego*oou"ilo;;";:.I6;#a'a#o6rpaiaxnsnbcxaEalloBbpxEocr.floqrnnoJIoBI{gaTaoT

O6p. 67. fotnt 'omtptcmpocx xepauuuex ad

t26

?!:;"ft i rti::;; )KepaivtuaHa Kyna c pucvstuur opHarve,-

--it:i,;"L? ryTioJ.o"H,r' Pa:uep': AIIaM. ycr. - 13,0 cv;AnaM. MaKc. - 14,5 cu; .uraM. .qb'oi0 Kyna (o6p' 69 1)' v4tnxeuocQepnuua Qoprua. flpan ycru_en pr6. vae6erre'o, cra6o( -:'ii3BHo AbHo' f,Iepnena anro6npaua H u3Jrbc*a'a uonrpxno,ir. rralio-a" ,n pecTaBp'pa'.:':r\'{epHi AHaM. ycr.

- 15 cu; Ar{aM. MaKc. - 17 cul,ryrau. {}HO - 7,4 cM; Br{c. _ r3,4 cu.l l Kyna (o6p' 69 2)'-cna6o H3pa3__e'a on*o*"r-"'6rgu.'urr"r""o'o ,rplr6rn ropa'o EaBbH'--e Y'qe6eJleHo AbHo. icu6""a atifErrpu"u noBlpxHocr.-floseqe o, ,rono"nhara or cre'r{re cat",- i:;o.Tunu.

paeuepn: AHaM. ycr._ 12,8 oa;n"ui. ,"*". _ 13,8;;;;;;Ho _ 5,1 cv; rxc.

- 12' Kyna (o6p' 46, 6?. t). flonycsepuvna Qopr'ra. cra6o npo6nnupa' rraBb' ycrueu pr6.-:'-I'ara qacr Ha cl4a, xofiro aeporrnbi orur d"p"v *"-o pa3qne'e'o cToJrqe, He e 3ana3e'a.-i::resa amo6upana ttonrp*nocr' Kynara e y-Kpac€Ha orBGE c ocHoBHa xoMno3rrrl', ,,BeEerI Ha-::-roponnero", H3nbnHena c 6xna 6oc. b"dt;;-g-'"rrnp-o-MeaHApoBnAHrr MorHBa. B-;n5-rn:ureJlHo TpnlrtJrHETe rlpocTpa'crna orrope ca ocraBe'f, noqr' 3arBope'rr EeraTHBHr{:iiFrxHocrr{, a oT.qoJry _ HerarrrBHrlKparoBe. {toafcrrnfruru y*p""a e cbcTaBega oT 5_6 rpyml

;-.;:"'j"1;trroxeH' HerocpeAcrreso uo'q ycrwfiitx pio' e"t^n"p': ^q{aM. ycr. - 24 cu;A}raM.

o6ttlo B Kburara or cnarnna ca ycra'osesu 412 qen' r{-sparuenrnpa'u KepaMu.rxu clgae.-'. :nx rpy6rre neauro6npans ca SYoi,sm(ocreH'Er" ""urr.o6-rn'frro-';;'i;tr,ix.o6rpa"nre 6es''I:aca - tgo/o, a anro6apaHrre c p'cyB1"-a rTpaca - g%. d;;66;;;;', auro6upa'nre--:-r3B€ ca B sborHorueEl'Ie npr'l6rnnnfenrlo 3:1. bpo"t ru pi.rnarpopunllTe B rbrrlara cbAoBe e saft-!-i; '-rs1Hs

''o-MturBK or peil,IHl{s 6pofi, r3[oJr3BaH or o6HrareJrure Ha xnnrlulero rrpg, rIeJrHfl

i;llJ i:?#ffiJ:Hero Mv' no irornorues'ero MexAv orAenrrure rpyrr crAoBe npr{eMaMe 3a

TEXHI4KA HA KEPAMI.{IIHOTO NPOI43BONCTBO

or 1978 r' ce 3aHlrMaBaM c ercnep[Me'T'ur'r{ npoyqBarilr no TexrroJrorr{rra Ha:;a*crop'qecxara KepaMl{xa' flo npeue na naxounnre pa6orn Ea cnopr'r{r uryBe' KoMrureKc BL-'lsrHHa' KoI{To 3ac€rHaxa Il pa3py[uxa H3ToqHara qacr or paunon]orrrnt"oio ceJrr{ule, r{Max!li\{oxHocr 4a ct6epa KepaMn-rl'fi $paruenrn, I{Hcrp)nv{errTr{ r{ Apyr[ Marepr{aJrr{, H3[oJr3BaEu BllF"crH3Bo'lcrBoro Ira KepaMlrxa. B n:riliaerrrre or MeH-e(clepnMeETanHE ne,,or - eAEaTa xonr{e HaF':''l'r'a AoMaIrIHa reul or cJrarHHcroro ceJrrrrqe, Apyrara nb no4o6ue ,""il-rrrrrrura AByxaMepHar.palrqHa rreq, onpr{ra n.f,pnr Tene _ Hpax,6;;r49; ,"s sb-O ";";;;;;;ffiHtr rlr}rnn, B3errr:: paHolla Ha cJlarl{Hcxoro u rpyrH neorunnn ceJIIruIa. Hcxolr or excuepnMenTauruure ct4one 6rxa

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69. IIem xepcanu4nn Sopuu: neaneo6upauu u auzadupaxu adoee

l':l:&:R-e Ea MEOrOrO,ryuIHo npaKTEqecKO E3rrETaltr{e npu pa3rnsEtr TeM[eparypHn ycnoBEr.1r': , .l:a ime ca ycfierrlHr{.l:.i-*'ra troMorq il noorqpegfie noryrraBax or EorAaE Hr{xonoB, RaKTo u or noxofiru-f, Muxafir- : ; i r-n:";eB, Eolflo MI{ npeAocTaBEG 3a npoyrlB_aHe IIeJrtrrXepaMEqeE EgoJrnTerr MaTepuru oT TeXrrE:[:ir::in.3a Ko€To cbM [lM nplrsHareJren. llsxagsar'r 6aaro4apHocr u na Bacnr Huronos ga

lfi:ti:r:'IaBeFtrc Mn oT Irero 3a upoyrlBaEe KepaMuqeE MaTepI{i[JI oT roJrf,MoTo xrrJrtrrqe s Crar11pa.n;*":: .:e;m B ocnoBara lra rooa r{3Jroxenr{e.

!-i:;OP HA FJII,IHA

3e r:pa6orsallero na xepaMrr.Ieg cbA e ueo6xo,4rMo Aa ce no46epe raxaBa r.lrnga, rocro c::;J:--.i;,jiHreHorHeynopHrlrgctrcB,oficrsa yJIecHf,Ba $opr"ryaanero I{ [ptrAaBa l{yxgr.rre l(aqecrBa Ha;*"-t &-roro CoSrf,cxo rrone e 6oraro Ha cr{Bo-3eJleHa, 3JrarlrcrooxpoBa u rrepBexooxpoBa rngga.ir .-tr::Ba Ea oxpoBltTe Il rrepBeHuTe TJIEET{ BJm3AT MaJrXII qacTur{q cJIIoAa, Ape6HE IreCbqI{EXE,,r:*frT: a xeile3l{H OKUCH, XOUTO npliAaBar tlepBesEfl IIBCT Ha CbAOBere CneA onaJrBaHero uv. cnso-rl-l'i!!13 r,'IEHa cneA orraJlBalrero Ao6nna 6exos qnsr. B paftona noA n oKoJIo cJlaTrrncxoro ceJruqe-t E: \Gpa rnEHeH IUIacr c Ae6enrnra ,[o I M. Tagr rrnrga, trpoMlrra no ecrecrBeH HarMII, Ire g HuTo'qrl : I i' va3Ea' Ilnro e c MEoro usgbrlEn rIpEMecR, Taxa qe gefirgre ruracTxrlHu xatr@TBa oTroBaptrru-:a-=o Ea rapceHr{rTa Ha EeoJrt4TEufl uaficrop. Ha qsrr rr e 3Jrarr{crooxpoBa r{ cuBo-3eJrena;i:::"l33aHa e lurpoKo B XepaME|Irnoro upoE3BoAcrBo, peracrplrpalro B paEEoEeOJTETEOTO CeJII{rqe.

TEXHOJIOTH' 3A H3PABOTBAHE HA TbHKOCTEHHVITEoi{HH r4 oEHKr{OBEHr4) CLAOBE

'- [IodeomonKa Ha ?nuHamd sa fiopuyaane. ftrnasr.rtrrrnTe xaqecrBa Ha rurunara ce no4o6prnar:;i":q'f,T'llrHo, aKo lr3Kolla}c^ara lra .4pe6gra 6yqn rluneua Maca @ ocraBl{ rlp€3 3rrMara Ea orxpr{To Aahil:"!-jH3. HscylxeHa Ha cJIbHIIe, Tt ce HarpolraBa Ha curlrlt napqera, orAeJltr ce [pI{MecI{Te oTt;bf-r!era, cJreA Koero HrKoJrxo ntrll ce IIopGcBa c BoAa. ocrans ce tra [poxJraAEo M'CTO r{ ce: : r:aBa, {o6pe p$xncHarara rnuua ce.oMecBa c paqe Hnrr Kpara. flpeau iiopr"rynanero ilrngara: :!: B l ce oMecBa (nper"raqrra ce c ptqe) n ce saxrcsa sa serbler"m ionxn. A,xo upu flocneAnara:;3:a:jx.ti rtI|HaTa c€ oKaxe MeKa, Ts ce pa3cTuta rla TSHtx rrJlacr,ua ce [o.qcyum; axo e MHoro'i/-siEi. KbM Het ce npu6anr MalKo cI{TeE lrfqbx, ocrpeeqa r.lrnna nJrlr AbpBerra nerreJl. Fangara e--T:Ba ra Qopr"rynane, aKo rIpI{ oMecnalrerg rre qana prqere.3a sceKfi suA crAore e no46apana- lrr{a c Ef,Itlrr{Te IUracrI[qIrE Ka{ecrBa. 3a rrsrocrenuure cbAoBe e R3uoJr3Barra npnpo4no::rc?creEa rJrr{Ha IrJIr{ II5x rs e 6nna npenpaBrua rro cJreArrara rexnoJlofRs. pfgxouaHara rJrHHa, Br : ,flr I aMa IrprrMecu or xaMbqera u rIec6qrnxn,,c€ l{3c)maBa Ea cJr}HrIe. C xar"leuna rr)marKa cyxr{Te: 'Lm r.TxHa c€ HarporrlaBar Ha Mnoro .qpe6nl KbcoBe, 3turnBar c€ B rorsM cbA c BoAa B;i': -olreqne 2 qasrn Bo,qa KtM eAlra qacr rJrr{Ea. Ocrar.s ce Aa ce pa3Kncrre Ao6pe, creA xoeror'#r:-rroKparHo ce pas6lpxra. Cllea yraeBarrero roprrtrrr cnofi 6ucrpa Bo.qa ce n3Jttryr1&, a- Li::!-rEtr pa3rBop' 6es texrrrre $pa]qun Ha Arnoro, c€ upecnnBa B Apyr umpox repaMr.rrreH sbA.--:3':r;Ire Ha AbIIoro B ntpBnff cbA necrsElrKH ce fi3xBbpJrrr. flonyveuara pr.q6a r:rr{EeFla. Maca ce:'l::35 Ba CJIIEIIe I{ CJreA H3[apSBaEe lra qacr or BoAara c€ oMecDa c px,qe u ce rraKtcBa ir.t rcrtrxfl,r.;':3 ce 3aBnBaT r{ ce AbpxaT Ha rrpoxna,[Ho MrrcTo.

2 @opuyearc. rDopr*yBanero Ea rbrrxocrerruure cbAoBe (ruprera, xyrrn E narurylr) r{3nc.r!,!lmr:, ;lpgqtgTeHa ilInHa.\{a-tlxare cbroBe ca Sopuynamr Ha[paBo or eAsa qs,fla, HeroJrffMa, Ao6pe oMecega xprura::Ea rJHEa' C naneqa Ea "qtcEara pbxa ce [paBr{ Ayma ts "qbpxaHara B JrrBara p}xa rJrHEeHa:: rre' c-re.ll Roero c Bbpreff{Bo ABfixeEne creHtrTe t ce usrru-flBaT, & Qop*rara pacre nb o6erra. C.rreA- : !a ca;fbr ce AorI3TGHtll u gooQopMs c npacrl{ n xelasara Sopva. Cr4orere, KoETo

:*aE-ffioB€FIc IrMar Ao 10-12 cu nncoqrEna, Morar Aa ce nocraBrr Ea Abnoro nM BeAHara cneAI'i:M].3aEero' 3alqoTo M{urxRtT unr o6ev He [o3BorgBa cBJIgqaHe Ha MaTeptriula.

flo-roner"rnre EbAoBe (xynr, uansrFr r rupnera) - Onm ra o6nxnose*r, ua'rro r{ EflroE ctAoBe: :*;o&EE $opvu ca Ktrpax,qarru c rnriu€nn nenrq. flpoqec*r sanoqBa or ycrr{eTo KLM Arrroro,r -€To ce nprulenBa n@JIe,qHo orrope. Tosx cnoco6 cc uanara [opa.ryr roBa, q€ 11paxrsrrecKfi eaesr3MOxEO C$epnomara,rrl/fir pa3Jrarara $opua c Majr(o AlEo Aa ce u3rpaAr or Merara r{ TexKa:"Ei{a. 6er rr A& ce ry*oorrrnna n csrese.- Hauepeuure Kyrtrr, rragrnln E rbprr€Ta B !"oJrrMoroEor:-:TrrEo xG{mrllle s Crarfina, nocraBefis c ycr:,I.cra cn Bbpxy paBEa rrJrocKocr, Jrexar MHoro::i;c, Koero trorBtpxAaBa ro3n Ha.tEH na $opr,rynane.

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r29

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rocrerr rurn AibpBerr nimpyuerr nrpBara rrrauelra renTa ce o6p*ara rro eAlrara ADnra crpaEa f,oco'

3a Aa Moxe Aa ce rrp' errf, xtM Her cJreABalrlara ne'Ta, a Apirara A''ra cTpa'a' xoflTo rqe 6rge

t!fr;;"6 I or"i"o. Jlenrara ce orAerc or nfiocxocrra c ocrpara qacr Ha lrlrcrpyl!{eHra' cJIeA

roeTo ce uocTaBt Blpxy paBHo oTps3aEaTa cTpaHa' trpEJIe[BaT ce c upacTE p/LTA rpat n ce

o6p*y"u [paBrrJren *iri. tora e 6rAerqoro ycrue Ha cbAa. CreAsar paMelrere Ea cb4a' 3a Kor{To

Jrenrltre rrotrrr"""o-o Vn-*"ar.-O6pneana ca roco or ABsre crpaun' Korato JrenTrre ce

npruIe[BaT e.rya xaM Apyra, crocesaTe rlacTf, CC MOKaT C pflJsa ruInlra n ce npaTIICKaT C llplCrf,'

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at ttpascr 3 npope3a. BnCorUre cTonqeTa ce npaBtT ryxf,' 3a 'Ua Ce llg6erSar

eBeETyaJIBu "arryr"arr"x.

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or rope Ba Aony "-*i"*u. Ilpu6m3urengo lro omrg:lgut Eaqus ce Qoplryoar rr naffIrulre'

CneA ratO -Cr,qtr

no3agbxHe II yKp€rurc' CJIeABa npesraprBaEeTo' C xoeTo Ce IIeJIf, cTeHETe My

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ceeprururre ""orrotfr!-ofnt" *^u*to no Btrpeurgara' TaKa tr rlo Bb*ru'ara mpana' Orsln cbAoBere

ca IIpecTsprBaIIIt n cbc creqnaluo npo$uJIIrpaHII IIJItr IuOCTH rocreEl| cTapraJlxtr. Heo6xoxnuo e

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3a Aa 65Ae AJIero'

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e cxoc€Ea n 3agraAega Ha xaMerrno rorurno; noJr1nlelrf,Te 4ra npoQnrmpaHlr ocrprr ctpamurx pl6a

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troTBbpxAa"ut *tqoto. O6parxaTa cTpaga na pa6orxaTa qacT IIa ngcrpJM€sta o6nxnoBego

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Ea n'crpyrr""tu "nJx"nu "a o6prenaue Ha rJlf,Heuure JreHTE. I'Is6poexnre mcrpyMeETf, 3a

npecTsprBarre ca EaMepeHrr u B paREOIIeOJIHTBOTO XTIEIIIe ot crraruna. He e l{3rJlloqeHo Aa ca

y1orpe6"""Hn n ADpBexn rncrpyrrreHT', xouTo IIe ca AocTmHaI[ Ao Eac.' trre,q upec'TaprBa1e na cbAoB€Te re ce 3arJlaxlar 11 eAgoBpeMemo I{3AyBar B xeJlagara

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NaMbN, *""o ""trr"rp"*r.""o

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rpr*.i xaMtr or nirpe na nrx,-xaro B Mrcroro Ha yAapa orBax BuIrarE ce roHTplrpa' 3a Aa Ee oe

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pe6po I{JrIr c Earlrcxane Ea rrJlocxa xaMelrna DIa,qEJIra'

cneA rasll onepaqFr ce rr3Brpluna upoQumrpaEe Ea ycry,lf,Min pr6. Tora cTaBa CJIc.U

trpe.q'aplTeJrrlo xas3'dx' gase. naneqbr Ea AlcnaTa para ce 1rocTaBt Ea BlTpeIuIraTa cTpa'a Ea

;'ffi;fr;;;6:a oo*a.arrrrrsr - noABtrr orBblr. Or ro-sa, xar ure ce Abpxn E lurs3ra pr6rr MexAy

nptcrgTe, 3aBncx rroJryqaBaEero Ea rIo-cI{JrEo IrJrIt no-crra6o [3alrr npor[rn Ea ycrlrero' VcTnfumpio & 3arnaxla r np64umrpa Msoro ro6pe'1:IilT^21 :6Maxe

c praxa rJrnsa' s nra3rauero ce

troBTaps Mxoroxparso Ao rronlqaBane. na paren uo Ae6ermsa n rr3qeE ycrEeE pr6' Cneg xaro

caArr no3asbxrre, sa1ilogata niraycruftua rprBa Moxe 4a ce upoQvJlnpa R c eJIErIcoBnAno peso

xaMLrre. Torasa orBtrpe ce roIITpEpa c naJreq,a Ea JrrBara prxa. Crc cbwrt rlEcrpweFr ce

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130

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c'reA caa60 3acbxBane na auro6ara clrgrr oe rroJrf,pa c Milrrtr peqmr fna.qlcr ralvfrgera c: Bi.-"rEa @pr'ra E roJrrMa TBapAocr, rmrro uoorpxuoir AorrLrr'nren'o e 3auraxAa'a OTrF*'rL:irurex'aTa pa6ora' Taxuia recio:^orrp^raar upn pa3ronxn, Brn. x a caarnsa. Eerure nFr:rloBrre ca rBapqoBlr' a qeprorre - 6asarlTonn-la uomipaue ca rntroJr3Ba'n rr rocre'rr HreqrrJrRn,:"TiaJ*tnm or c'pEelurn n erenos" po"1:-Ip. Ilpt;ffi,i;Eero, aro caAar € M'oro BJraxeE, cefr':']aa'ar uoBJIeKna' axo e cyx - amo6ard na.ia. 4xo irl"t e EaMaxe Mrroro c xuBoflr'c*a*..*oY' troJr'pa'ero cc ynecnrua n e0errrr e no'ao6rp. xlturo cbAbr e npecBxaar, ,.enpeMe'Ho-t lrp'orrBa Ao ro3lr cnoco6,

'"fi raio Dcerf, ormT Aa ce lraBJraxm qpec'x'an c6A AoBexAa Aos*rlrBa'e II onaAa'e ua a'ro6ara. rrpr ueo6xo.qrvocr oo*poa"o Moxe Aa ce troBToprr Ea-trrirEr .qen. HeuocpeAsrs€Eo crreA oorrirparero oe f,3BBpnna tr3J6crBarrero Ea (EAa, c roero ce**= trp''qaBalre 6rc.^r Ha crellrre':_T"- r"o"""T "pnrre' 3a oxoro rr p'f,ara e@xr.rtl=c.Ba'ero Ea noBapx'ocrra Ea noJrlrpa'rre cbAoBe ce rrnrpurra c B'TperuEara EeoxocMerra'rrpaEa Ba napqe Mexa roxa (rro4epue), mcyruen rruxoqer Mexyp or rlrnrau f.ru n"x c rq)oBnaqesosrr?e*rre Ea AJranra rra p6rara, -cy.;io

[pnrrlcrrara rGM crerilTe rra gbAa.4. opnauenmupaw - na d*ne _*T;;- H;;"r;A;rBeHo cneA ro3rr trpoqec cneABa:F8&ueFrEpaEero Ea cLAoBere, roErltcTEo np€ mpaari 6ara ,ra paEgnr HeoJrET - c 6rna 6os.I-rpnerara n ryrrare ca yrpacraiEu c{lMo uo srgursaia c-TI}aEa. Or anete cTpagx 6oraro ca:D*auegraparrn rur{poxo,paenanrre rragurrr. s"rara oor d;;6;)-;;;;ir"or"_" or 6cnoe3trqaq' ce "'n"f,

n 6ernr Hrr{EIl ruIIr xyt\{a, pBTBopeEn B3B BoAa, npeqficrea'. n flperuraBeHuBeromorparao' I4guorl:Y-:1-"up"nnxoaorpe4ru r,rrn-e-parrr, Tprrf, B'lxy EaMoKt eEara rna'Ran-'ioqa HJIE tro-ronrrrr eparuenr or reparrmlerr sbA. Kisecrsaia ,u Amni-6-oe (amo6a) cen'o:o6praar' axo KbM neri ce npx6arlr Jg:g* a Gua.*rpBec'a netreJr. .(oxaro oeJrETe u clrBrrrea-uo6r cneA onarrBarrj uoJrysaBar cnexuo6sr qBsr, niponmonorpeanme ,uaBar EKraHc B:rxparp€MaBo' B co{nftcKoTo none 6sna n cFBa urr{Ea, xario ,. x) ra, ce EaMqpar s ngo6uJtrre sraiosa aa c' rlyryporo, co$nficxo. sr*tu 6o; a;;"i?"u Ea'acffra Brpxy cre'Ere ",,.L

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Aoraro 6trlrn olqe cra6o BJIaxHtr. IIpn BlrliMareJrrro sa6JnoAenne Ea pauuoneoJrrrrrrr{TeopHaMeHTapamr cbAoBe u sparueurs or craflrsa ce BuxAa,qe ca n3rroJl3Basu HrxoJrxo BtrIapa3Jlrqnx no roJIeMHHa lIerKI{ B 3aBl{cltMocr or xeJranara ge6enrna Ha Jlr{Hrrrra. Hafi-trrxnreIItrEIItrg' xof,To o6pasyrar r. Eap. Mpexecra yrpaca,. ca rlsTerureux caMo c elptn rocbM, Ecer oT rrp6aua DrEraH. Brpxonete Ea Drffrancrlre KocMrr ca prl3rulenenrr Ea 2, 3 u noBeqe crpbrrlera, xonroo6parynar Mulmarlopna qerxa. flo-ge6ensTe KocMu rlMar uoBeqe pa3sneuerrnr na Brpxa cu En3TeflItr uo-Ae6emr JrnHr{r. flo-rrmxre KocMr{ EMar caMo 2 pasxloxemrrr. n f,3Ternrr no-TtExE R

$nnn mrrurn. 3a ygo6uo Atpxane Ea xocaMa seorarnnrr uaftcrop nprurerrBaur B ocrroBara MyMtUIxO KoIIycoBrrAHO Kbcqe rJIIIEa, ,,4plxxa*. Tarara rJII|EeHa ApSxKa e EaMeI]€Ha B HeoJIIITHOToceJrnlqe Clarnna, xarro n 6eirr Mexx xpe,qrH xaMb-Err 3a npHrorBf;He rra ofiJla asro6a cbc cJreArr orTpI(eHe Bbpxy ruIoqa. Hauepeno e cLulo MaJrxo soouopQuo caAse ,,coxor", nlJIHo c E3gbxlr:ura6crla 6on (axro6a).

Fnrraucrnrr KosbM Ao6pe floeMa 6orra rr [ocraBeu Btpxy crerrnre Ha gbAa, nprurerrBa; cIrrIaBEo ABlrxelrf,e Ha pbxara ce E3TeDrfl f,Aeiurno rbrrxa rrpaBa Jrnurrs,. C nrros Apyra rrerxa gbccsoooAEa pbKa IIe Moxe Aa ce nocrltrlre raKaBa rama H upaBa IrrrEnA. Beporrno ca rr3lloJr3Balfrs. nqerKII or rlepa ga nrtrrlrr - 6erac, Qasau u gp. Terr [pnpo.ugo roToBu qerrl{ ca Muoro eJracruqrut,,4LIrm Ao 4 - 5 cu. Ilepara-qerrr I{Mar cnoco6nocrra Aa 3aAapxar 6ocra u c npoBJrarrBanero rrMuo crelrrre Ha cbAa 6asgo r u3rrycxar. C rxx ce tr3TerJr.flT se caMo rrpaBu, Ho s-oBnllxrr tr AaroBlrrnr{Jrnnrtrrr, AeSennsara Ha xor{To Bapupa or 1 uru.qo 1 crra - 3aBucq xaxBo [epo e no46pano. Ha caunrBptx Ha ltececrara qaer Ea rplrJrara rta 6exacrre Mex,q/ Ipyrnre rrepa ce EaMrrpa caMo e.qgo rrepo cxpbrnaQoplranAbJlxunaAo3-4crra.TonarrepoecMnororoJreMf,TexnuqecxfiKasecrBarreeAHaor naft{nrnre [pupo,4trl{ qerrlr, rol{To xyAoxn[raT e r3roJr3Biur np€3 EeoJrura rr no-x]cH[Teenoxlt. flo.uto4cqfi nepa 3a qefirr Morar,qa ce uoASepar or BsTpe[nrara cTpana or xprrnaTa Eanrnqa, 3alrroro Ea roBa Mtcro rrepara ca eJracrrqnr{, Tbnrr{ n,(hJrrn. 3a no-yao6no Abpxane npflpa6ora c€ f,3rorBfl Apbxra or rlHxa npbrrxa, Karo c€ BTbxHe neporo-qsrKa B Mexara cbprleBf,Ha.florryrqggfite IIfrHgiE rIpI( Mnoro6pofi"nnre excrreplrMegTfi ca rrAenTrrrgrr rro crpyrrypa E xapaKTep cTeslr Btpxy orrplrrnre pausoneonrrnlr cbAoBe. Bcnqrn rpbroBn, s-oBrrApr n Apyr[ MoTrrBr{ sbccJroxHu H3BnBrrr ne 6rxa Mourrl Aa ce EapxcyBar crc cso6oAua pbra raxa aprrrcr[qno f,cllrleBpeMelrno np€qlnno c Apyra qefia. 9grxrrre c no-FoJrrM pa3Mep ca f,3noJrgBarrf, 3a norraJrBanec 6sta 6or (anro6a) na no-roaerrn npocrpaucrBa. 9errnre Beposruo ca npaBenr{ rr or .[bJrrure Ao3--4 crr,r xocMlt, B3er[ or ylurrre Ira eArp porar 4o6nrux, roriro ca BT]rBaEIr rr 3acMoJrtBarrr Bryxara qacr Ha IITI{qe [epo uffi 6rattroro pacreuu€ ,,cac" (uo uoAo6xe Ha roroBtrTe rerrn-uepa).Carrao c rara EanpaBeHrrre rlerxu e Br3MoxEo Aa ce Ir3Terullr ralrxu Ir umporlr, npaBn It AbroBI{ArrHm{HHr ctc cgo6oAsa plxa, Karro I{ pficyBalrero Ha rartrBa MoTrrBr{ raro cIII|paJroBI{IIrHr MeaHAbp.

5. Cyuene. flpn qrruenero cbAbr ry6u racr or BoAara tr rracrnrlnre Ea rlrr{rrara @ cylrrnar ny[JrtrlrtBar. Cyrrenero rpr6ra Ea cranl 6asno Ir BEuMareJrEo, 3a .qa r{e ce rroryqar EexeJrareJrEaEatr)trBan[f,, geQoprvraunfi, raxTo rr MarRpaE€ Ea lrcnGcralrara noBtpxnocr. 3a qerrra roroBurrf,3JracxaH cbA Be.ryara ce uocTaBr c ycrEeTo Bbpxy paBrra rurocxocT Ea xJraAEo MscTo r( c€ EoxJryIIBac tro-roJrrM onaJren c:s,q. IIo ro3n rraqtrE Bce oule BJIaxEf,tr grA oe lnoJrnpa or oroJluaraTeMneparypa tr gbxue 6anxo. Ha nropnr AeE cb,qbr ce nocraBfl Ha lfbuoro My u nax ce noxJry[Ba.Cnea 6 - 7 w c"bAbr Mox€ Aa ce [3BaAE or rro:clryrreur4t. c.bI., Ho ce ocraBr Aa cbxge EarrpoxJra.qno Mrcro l0 - 15 ,qrrn Ao oxousarennoro My rr3cyllraBane. flpeau tr3uarBasero cb.ubrrpn6na M e x3Jroxrr Ha cJTbErIe 3a HrKonKo .EtFIt.

6. OnaaaaHc na adoee. CneAgaqErr erarl e onaJlBaagro, c roero oe qellr BxaMelrtBarre Eaqrrperra rr BoAoycroftsnnocr rra cbAoBere. Onamanero e Mrroro Baxen rrpoqec, rofiro u3r{crBaropnrM onrr. flpt ro3[ npoqec EeMaJrxo cEAoBe ce [yxar Ir ocraBar lretr3[or3Baer'an. ,{lnata naTaKrBa EaMepenrr cbAoBe ca c Een3Tprru pr6ore 3a pa3xlrxa or ynorpe6tBannTe" Pasnyxoanero nacbAoBeTe rrpa oniurBaEe cTaBa no EfioJrro llpnqnHrl: pr3ro troKaqBaEe Ea TeMrrepaTJapaTa,f,3noJrgBaEe rra uperoMeprro Ma3rra rJruna 3a n3rpor(Aalre Ha gL.{a, I{eAo6pe oueceua Drrrna, cyxotrpnJlellBarre Fa rJIEEeElre JreHTn, urynlrr{ B crenrre Ha chAa n EepaBlroMepua,qe6emma rra grelrl{Te.

Onansanero Ea ranxocregEnTe caAoBe c Bncowilra no 40 cM craBaJro B AoMaluuara rreul,HurMuparqa ce B EeoJrRTEoro xuffuqe. Ilpoaegemrre B uerq excnepuMerrru rroxa3axa, qe roBa e

EarrlJrxo Bt3MoxHo. CtAonere rrrpBo ce rroAcytuaBar Btpxy ropcrqara rreul, cJIeA Koero ceHapexAar npe,u orBopa ri c rrploro rrM orbn c qeJI Aa ce reMuepupar paBuoMeplro crentrTe uM.Koraro AbpBara nperoprr tr ocrase rJroerqa xap, TeMneparypara B rretr{ra rlaAa Ao reMrleparyparaEa sarpertrTe Beqe gbAoBe, rorfro 6asso ce BxapBar B treurra. Me:ruy cbAoBere c€ nocraBtrornaqaro cyxu excxp€Merrrr{, a cne.u roBa u AbpM, TeMneparypara orrroBo 6asso ce IIoBtrrIraBa cycEJrBaEe lra orln . B raxaaa neq cpeAgara reMrrgpa;rypa crxra oxono 400'C - BarIb.JIIto

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132

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{4ra-:resTo cypoBo A3pBO. B rarasa lleul nMa oTKpIrT,4OCrrn Ea KncJropoA n nprr cla6o 3aqepBrBaEe;;JoBere c€ I{3Bax.(ar. Crgoaere, en:ureHn rrpu rro-Hr{cra reMrreparypa of 400"C, nuaf rrunr:oEoB€ E BapHpar or B[oreroBorrepBerrE, yll6parnoaeroBf, Ao xa$xno-nuoJreroBE. flpu:eMneparypa HaA 500"C ocHoBHHsr ror e B ro-BucoKa raMa - IepevnaenoqepBen, po3oBooxpoB,6exouooxpon. flonrrora n npoQnna Ha qf,pena ce na6moAaBar 3 &os: cpeaen-c qepex rIBrr n ADaEiElrrlrrf c BHoJreroBorrepBeH r{nu xepeMr{AeEoqepBlH qrer. Tona ilora3Ba, tre reMleparypara npn]n&'IBaEero Ha raxlB cb,u He e tro-Bucoxa or 400'C. Ha usoro or HaMepemrre Qparrraerirn n qe;msJoBe opmHuaJruutr ustr Ee ce e 3ana3nn flop€,ry ToBa, qe re ca 6rrrn BTopnqgo o11anegn npnnoxap B xlr.mlularaHraI\ 800'C. Taxusa cbAoBe oGuxsoseso ca sartyxarn, noHrrora geQopr,rupann,: MaroBa poEJrr{Ba [oBbpxEocT tr TJDUreEOrrepBeE rIBrT.

TEXHOJIOTI,IJI 34 H3PABOTBAHE HA AEEEIOCTEHHI,T CBAOBE

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ne ce o6uaxe camo^6a, upll oniulBallero cnoMexarl{Te rrpnMectr lnrapsr Ir Ha rfluro Mxcro ocraBar Milrrn oBaJrHI{:o 2 vr*a) gyn"rur[r. oopMyBanero la le6enocrennuie cbAoB_e c€ n3BbprrrBa cbrqo qp€3 HarenBageE; r,.lHEeHIr JI€HTI. Pag.nurara npn $oprtayBanero e caMo r Ae6emlnara u ro-rrevugara Ha urrfgelrl{TeIeETE' or Kouro ce H3_rpaxAa cbAlr. Mnoro roJreMrr cbAoB€ c Bucoquna EaA 70 cM Ee ca Bbpreril Eano.LloxKa- npn urpa6orBaHero-HM llopa,ur rexnllqecxa Heub3Moxnocr, a vaftcroprr o'Ourunrttcbra npE Qoplwynanero My. ,{e6earnara Ea cbAoBere Aocrura 2 crvr. O6lrxnoBeno e'arroOufana n3arnaxAaHa caMo Bllilrnara_ ycrnfiHa qacr, xarro Ii rlcrara BaTperrrna noBBpxnocr. Btsmgara!-TpaHa e c rpy6a $arrypa. Ha ncKou cbAoBe orBbn ca uprrJrerrBaEx TrEKu rrugerrr recurr JTeIITE,trpETEcxaHH c rlplcrH Ea paBHu pa3crotlrrrfl. Te nuar He caMo Aeropar[Ben, rro n xoEcrpyrcrnBerr;usqbr. BrmuRara yKpaca Ea RflKorr or cbAoBere e EaEec€Ea c Hoxr,r. Hgualaa'rieto nar-oe-nocrerurr{Te roJreMn (xaa 70 cu) sbAoBe craBaJro Aareq or xrrJrurrlara, B crreryraJrxo n3xorranarl{a' c Aln6oq[Ha B 3aBr{ct{Mocr or roJreM[Hara rra cbAa. floclasen B Kparnara rMa, orono cLAa3rEasaulo 6rlJI ganaasas cla6 orbn or cJraua, TarrKE cyxu xJronu nJIH cyxu eKcKIleMeETrr c qer 6asnoreMnepHpaE€ Ira creHnre Ha cbAa. Creg rona orblrflr c€ 3acr{JrBa, TeMleparypara 6asno ce [oxaqBaE xoraro creEI{Te 3a[OqHar Aa ce 3arrepBsBar, oraHrr ce rrpeEacr BbB BtrpeurHocrra Ha cLAa.Je6elnre crelrn Ire Morar Aa ce 3aqepBcr H onarflr c HarprBarre caMo or Brrilunara crpana. CnilrperaptHe Ha AbpBara cT,Abr ce HauaJrBa c xap, a orBtH ce 3arpyrrBa ctulo c xap. Axo cr.qrr 6}IelarpynaH c EeHansJrHO rlperopeJrr{ BarJreHrr, no Hero ocraBar cHBo-qepHr( cJle4r or rroerHf,Blrnepo,{eH orrc. 3aroga 3arpynBanero cTaB:Llo c qficra xap tr 3aAHrxETeJrEo c o6men rc"tt" t"scnopoA' 3a Aa C€ rloJryrrE nIJIHO E3rapflle u paBIIoMepHO oniUIBaEe Ea CTeIIuTe. Ilopa.ry TOBa, qe;B.foBere ca onaJIBaHr{ I{3BAH CeJrulqero, Aocera He e orrpHTa TaraBa repaMnqHa nerq or paHrilr,FEO,III{T.

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{ flarnrrc aa perrcrprpauure B Tesr cenflrqa nocrpofinr Bx. B cne.wnre rry6nrxaunu' 3a A3Marrxa Morpra -Georgie v, G. I. De Erforschung der neolithischen und$ronzenzeitlichen Siedlungshigel in Bulgarien. - Zeiischrift furArctrdologie-,. l, 1997., l-46-148: ga Axra6erono - Gqra5anin, M. Crntralnobalkanska ?nna. - In: PraistorijaJugoslavenskih zemalja, II - Neolitsko doba. Sarajevo, 1979,p.86; sa EurrapqeBo - fleprrvera, il.V. Kyroi.Parxomt Ba_nparcroprrr€croro celrr{rqs npn c. Ermaprcro, Braroenrpa4crn orp6r. - B: Apxeonorruecrr orxpsrnr upa3ronnr (AOP) nper 1979 r. C., 1980, s. 29; AOP npe 1983 r. Cvo.rnR, [984], c. 15; la lpaaeumzqa - Hrronor, B.C,ennqe or graprr H@irrrr npr c. fpa4eurruqa, Bparangrn orp6r. - Apxeoaorru, 1975, JtE l, 25-27 r AonbJrEr{TeJrHanrQopuaqrr or rePexEara AoryMerraryr Ha pa3rorBalra,3a rosro nay 6aarogapr; ga Furr6lsx -

goxa4xrer, M.Pas*o[rx Ea npancroprqecroro cerlflqe rpa.fr c. fur6mrr, lfepurcurn orptr. - B: AOP npcr 1983 r. Cr'roarn, [1984], c. 12;sa Enerunrtqa - HRrolor, 8., K. M aclapoa. ,{pearur ceJiruqa rpafi Eneuuurua, C., 1987,6--9; ra Kan. ,{nrrnrpreao -,{erea, II. Centnurara Mor[Jra Easrra npr Kanrran,{rnrrrpnero. - foA. Hap. apx. uy:efi n flaos,rgr (FHAM[Ia), 2,1950, l--4; ra Kapaxono - Gcorgiev, G. t. Kutturgruppcn dcr Jungstein- und dcr Kupferzeit in dcr Ebcne von Thrazien(S0dbulgarien). - In: L'Europe I la fin de I'ige de la pierre. Fraha, 196t, 62--43; sa MyrIaBa - "{erer, fI.flpanctoprrccroro ceJtrrnle npf, ceJro MyaAaaa. - I-HAMIIJI,6, 1958, H6;sa Her Hnrove,Err- Rodden, R. An EarlyNeolithic Village in Greece. - Scientific Americsn, 1965, No 4, 84-{5; ga Parrroro - ycrns cBcAerrr or A. Pa45nrrera nB,Maqagosa,3a roero xv 6narogape;3a CcpBrrr - Ridley, C., K. Wardle. Rescue Excavations at Servia 197l-1973: aFrcliminary Rcport. - The Annual of the Brit. School of Arch. at Athens, 74, 1979,195--20/;;sa Caarf,Ha - neny6nuyrannaasnn or pa:lrotIrtrr€ tror p]roBoAcrooro Ha aBropa; ra Coruror-CanAa - Kalicz, N., P. Raczky. Siedlung der K6r6s-Kultur in Szolnok-Szanda (Vorbcricht). - Mitteilungen des Arch. Inst. der UAW, l0-ll, 1980-1981, 14--15: raTncaftc*o-Capar€ptrapr - Sclnncczi, L. Das Wohnhaus der K6r6s-Grupp€ von Tiszajend. Neucre Angaben zu denHaustypco derFrthnc6lithikum.s. - A Mora Ferenc Museum Evk6nyvc, 2, 19-69, 17-22; oi Uaraap - Ge6rgicv, G. I.Die neolithische Siedlung bei eavdar, Bezirk Sofia. - In: Culturei prehistoriques en Bulgarie. S:, 1981, 6*1.-

' flpegraprreaso cro6qerne 3a npo)^rBagero Ha xlulara s Crarnna: Huro.nor, B. Apxlrrerrypa r Bbrp€rrrnaypcl6a Ea eAEa paxuofieonrrna Kbutra or Cnarsua (Co$re).- Erm. eraorpaQnr, 1988, l& 2,3-14. Kparro x3c.rre,qBarre Hacrpof,TeJrgara rexrnxa, x3troJnBaga B rbrrrara: Nikolov, V. Das friihneolithische Haus von Sofia - Slatina. EineUntersuchung zur vorgeschichtlichen Bautechnik. - Germania, 1989, No l, l-49.

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O6p' 70. fiuzpana ta lpau om eKcTapu,uevrrr.t ,s o_6p, 71. flwepaua na Apau om .rct,pu.ueruna H(t3:::: ":fd"yy !? omHoute*uemo i'^ lF __r_o_ Tgii ea ;rrpe6.^n* io ;;o*";;; FA lI;D _ saoopaseq ont amolruwo o6zopato npu noxapa 6paseq o 'noaii-ronoiii';;;r;;4"^"@pctrce$uc

^ Bropara rpy[a o6pasry ca or xar"r6apa u Apyr' cbopbxeE,, fl, rrpn*otrTo rrMaMe HacJrarBarrf,,or 2 nauarnnTBarqqj flrpBoro

- or otriulBaHero trprt [o,uoroBxara I{M, r{ BTop[rrgo _ np'noxapa' ol ta6n' XII ce BI{xAa' qe TeMreparypurgua BTopuqnoto oo."pr"J lrop"uta rpagnrla HarllpBrlt reMneparypeH I{IITepBaJI 3a ra3l{ rpyfla o6pas4r) 6 6rnrgxa na rCuueparlpara or [oxapa.Ha o6p' 70 noragsaMe npHMep or rlpoBe.qen ercreprMerrr rra Terure aa o6pa:eq o.r xav6apa. orrpaQuxara na Apan ce orKpo.sBar .qiere iloJryqeuu EaMarEETBaHr{r, xonTo oeop*rrr ABa rrpaBnyqacrlra' no xollro ca orpeAeJIeHH ABere croftnocrn Ha FA/FD. flrpaara ot-ii'to"pfri"""-u noHr{cKut reMrlepaTypen EHTepB:uI) crornercrBa Ha BTopuqrroro o6rapxire, " "iop"r" t"6A;;;;; ;;

li:9--11-]:Mn_eparypeH nxrepual)-- Ha norlero.rlo BpeMe lra nbpBoro onansaie Ha cbopaxe ;gy1sra.Ia3H xHrlorqla ce AoKa3Ba or 6nnsxrre croftnocra, nolyvein ga FA/fp oi Tpsrara rpyrao6parqn, crbparol or noAoBara 3aMa3xa Ha xnJrr{rqero. 3a ,* *"e"o-o "u apxeoJrora,pa3ronaBalrl ceJrnutrero' e qe Ee ca is'Jldtr 3aceruarl{ or noxapa. To ce ootn"p.qrr

" or

^r-"orHoTotroBeAeEEe aa R3cneAoaEnre o6pas4{ (crofuocrnre na K__[o BpeMe Ha 3arprBagtrrra B.na6oparopunra), xarro r{ no BuAa "a

.pi6"*ar" ,u epan. Ha oOplii-, ,io**un npr{Mep orIBCJIeABaIT o6paseq oT noAoBa 3aMa3xa, iorro "ocn

e.qoo-e.qrncrBeEo EaMarHRTBaHe, gborBeTcr-Eaulo Ea reoManrl{THglo nojlle no BpeMe Ha o[aJlBaHero Ha noAa.

3a o6pane-!( Cnn 19, cr6pan or rroprrno o6ropennx oa*ffi "oJryqnxMe

ctrJrHo rrapacTBarreEa K cJreA 275"c, xoero noxa3Ba, re n niparrnoro iry o6raprne ne e 6-lrro ao ,i,'rn.parypu, ro-BEcoKl{ or re3lr Ha noxapa. Taxa rofi socx HaMarf,f,rBane caMo or Bropnrrgoto oOraf"n6'i-xii^arruoffl$:1--o^TPA"*He Ea eAsa croinocr 3a FA/FD, cborBercrBarrla Ha roxapa.lrp€AnoJloxelruero 3a EacJrarBaHero Ea ABa xoMrronenTa n o6pasnure, noJlyqrrJrx BTopurIEoo6rapffre, ce norBbpAn E or AonbJrrrr{TEnno EanpaBenr{ sgcneA"atr". Ed"-;y-6 or Crn l l 6epa3MarEn-T€H c [poMerrJruBo Manrrrruo noJr€ n rro r. nap. rpa$uxn na 3ngepser,qa Te 6xxa gaceqes[.Tesr rpa$xrtr npe.(craBnsuar npoexur'r E xoprr3orrraitaia (*, yy n-reffi-anilt" 1u, il iriiiiEa lraMaJrtBalr[It c nporpecuBlroro pa3ManrlrrBaHe BeKTOp Ea ocrartqHoTo HaMarrrurBaEe.llocsara Ha cMc'a B Irocoxara na npanara, oflpeAeJreaa or eKcrrep'MelrTaJr'r{Te p",ynraTx, roBoprr3a II€IJII{.IEe lra noBeqe or eAItH KoMnoHeHT. Ha o6p. 1Z noxagrar,,le pe3yJrrargTe orpa3MarHHTBaHero c npoMeHJII{BO noJre na xy6 or cnoMeEarnr o6paseq or xarvr6api lcmr t t e;.Bnxgaue, re ce o$opr.atr rro 2 npaw c pa3rtrqen HarJrorr r{ B ABere npoeKr{H1. (DaxrDr, vepa3nHxara B EaKJTOEa Ha ABere npaBl{ 3a BCCXa npoeKts{r He e MHOrO roJrrMa, roBopH f, 3a MaJKATa

r39

Cnr 11e

,// 1z,u\7

7-

O6p. 72. fpafiucu_ tu 3udepcetd 3a onpedeaaxe Ha 6pos na xoilnor,ennttprg Hlt ocrnarrbuvomoHL.LtazHwraauc a a6pa3eq cat ll e: I - xopuro4rnanHo (x, l) u sepmu&ntut (2, H) np**r1* inPoalEcrtttHo pa3ilaailrmtoafiua SeKmop Ha ocmamvuHomo HartazrfrrnTocale; 2 - nocoxama ua xoda uamcfl npoeKvuu

pa3Jr[xa 868 BeXTOpa Ha reoMarrrnTHoTo noJr€, upe.4l{3Br{X:tn ABeTe HaMarHnTBarffir. Ka3ago uoApyr HarmH' ABeTe HaMarEETBaIrnt ca noJryqem{ BepoflTlro B 6nrls(E no BpeMe MoMerrTE.

.{onanrnremo HanpaBeuure n3cneABalilft tM [oMornaxa aa nqeglg6rrugpaMe ocHoBHI{,EOCI{TEJI ITA EAMATHITTBAHCTO B rIPOYqBAHNTE O6PA3IIg XATO MAIHCTUT.Or ra6n. XII crasa scno, qe croftnocrnie 3a FA/po,ooisiTcrBarq[ Ea roxapa, cacrrcreMarrqHo llo-Hlrcxn or gborBercrBarwre Ha nbpBFrrHOTO OnrurBaHe Ha noAa I{ cbopbxeHn ra.I{o ce orEact Ao trocoxara Ha BeKTopa, BeJrr{qu*xre, o3rraqeEr{ cbc 3Be3.urqKa, ca rBKJrrcqeHI{ np11lpecMsraHe Ea cpeAlrrfre crofiEoqrr, T\iI raTo re orcxagar 3uaqureJrno or ocraguurure 3a ABereoxonrrareJrrro o$opverur rpyrrrl.

Taxa apxeoMarlrxrEl{Te x3MepBaHHx na o6pasqlTe or Cnarnua m pa3Aenrr uo apeue. floMIreERe Ira ApxeoJlora pa3nr{xara oT MoMeHTa rra onaJrBaHero Ha nbpBoEagaJrEr{r IIoA r{cbopaxeHllma Ao MoMelrra Hajroxapa Moxe Aa ce flpr{eMe 3a oKoJro 50 ro.enfi (cnopea 6por naBTopHqH[Te no,qoBu eauasrn). Tona tarpAelrue e B cLrnacge c HanpaBeglrre or Hac 3axJrroqeHuf, rroexc[epr{MeETiureH traT.

Bnx4aue, qe pa3nltqfiero B I{HTeE3Irrera e,qo6pe loArleprauo, Aoxaro pal]Jrt,rxara B [ocoKaraIra Bexropa e [o-M{urKa. Karo c€ uMa upeABrrA, qe Bbpxy rorrgocrra Ea onpeAenenr{ero na I n DBrtrssr MHoro AonanHurenHo noJryqeHl{ HaKIIoHtI (or crxrauux) n erenryaJrnrr lrcMecrBarrfis, 6poxrua o6paeryrre' no Korrro ca o[peAenegr{ Te3r( eJreMerrr}r, e Maoro Baxeg. 3arona

""tirato3arJuorleH[e ce 6asupa uraBEo Ha pa3Jlr.rrara s crofiHocruTe na FA / FD ga ABere rpy[fi, xaroTpt6Ba-Aa -[oAqepraeM n 4o6para crarrrcrnse{Ka ouenxa: crarrAaprrilrre rperrr1rr o ca bxoro 0,03(ra6r. XIID.

Or apxeolora B. HnronoB 3IIaeM, qe ceruulero C-naruna ce orgacr KbM Haqiuroro Ha paxgr{f,EeoJrur. flpeatt roAEHrI n paftona Ea nerlarHuqara Ha EAH, a nepurfupu ATa Ha

"i*tq"ro Caarnna,Ta6axqa XJII

cmanatcmuqecru otlennu ,ut eeonaauurnilung eneileqmq nony4euu om heme epynu o6patryt

Apxeo;rorxvecracTpyrTypa Epot o6patur I(')ta(') 6poi o6parun D(')ta(') Bpoft o6patqr F^lFof o

flogoau Ma3EJrrr

Ila,ryaaa Ma3rurratrpll noxalxr rBropr$ro o6ropc-

Htl CbOpGXegI{t

l,+0

@,5tz,s

56,611,5

34r,6 t 5,0

w,0t3,7

1,30610,031

t,083 *0,029t0 l0

| 2421

lzso--r-T-,249

--+11-+ot'

241 1,

-ll'24-r; _#

0,6

0.5

I

I

I

!6p. 73. Petytnantu 3a dpeEHun uHn'Hsttrrem u dexnuuryua: I - Jleneucru eupl- p"to 27, 5I; 2 - pucumoao;1 - fryr^t; I _ C,iO"" _ *-iiii[o*;S--Oauapoco

- zopcnra;,7 - Cmapa3"r;;" _ Oxyoxxa 6owurlo; g _fio6puyut4c; t0 - c-auoaode*e-- eop,no xuiruae

" ix'f^p":i^iiflff"rZr .

l1 - ht6nux - III ntacm; 12 - ,\penuovi,; ii - Kr;;;;:7i1-7iii^;19 - Cauoeodexe - V u yt cipiumerci ,opuriii;'iii _'?;;;r;;'_yxapa:242 - Caamura_- nodoau gauaexui zlo _ xp"l*rl"'-ti'zic _ftffixux

- II wucm; 250 - ltffixtat J i'n*"^

roA. np. H. e

l4l

6rxa narrepegn orJroMxrr or roprua rJrr{Ea. Apxeonoxxara Jlmxna fleprurveBa lru rpeAocraBuaa31,roxgo;T m ct6npane na o6parrfn. Marxa KoJIeKUI{t or 6 o6paseUa c roJItMo cEMEeHIIe 3a

noJroxeHlero HM in situ 6eruc ct6paHa rr [3cJreArana. LlsuepBaEuflra rlorBbpIuxa roBa gbMHeIrEe,

IIpn xoeTo oT ra3H KoJIerqIt pa3rlonaraMe caMo c p$ynTaTa 3a FA / FD. Tofi e:

phTfo:0,940 *0,013. Or npone.uemre reMneparyprrf,_E3cJleABanl{t B Haluara na6oparopntMoxeM ra rBtp.ruM, rre rr3ul{qarrero na rrscne,qpagl|Te olpasw B ApeBHocrra Ee ITaABI{IuaB,uro

400'c. Excnepir"reETaJrEHrr p$ynrar ga FA/F?_g__. ao6pa crarEcrnrlecxa oqeHKa (o-: 0,013).

Cpannen gEc ctorBerEnre c-roftsocrn s ra6r. XIII, auxgaMe, ue rofi e Mroro no-6rnrgrx Ao

crbfinocrta, rroJq rexa 3a BpeMero Ea noxapa s o6erra Clarnsa. Taxa uoxeM Aa HanpaBrIM

3arfirorreH[ero, qe pa3KpHTr{Te nperu ro.4rnn ocTaIIxE oT ropeJlr{ }lil3I{JIxE OTOJTO neqaTEgllara Ha

BAH ca oT BpeMe-, 6nnsro Ao BpeMeTo IIa noxapa r o6erra Clarulra.Apyr o6exr, rr3cJreABarr apxeoMarurrrno or nepf,oAa Ha paEl{uf, IreoJlur, e Parrroso

(Maxirba uocr). Or apxeonoxrrrre Ana Pagynuell il Beluqxa Maqanosa roft e orHeceE rlMrrbpBara roJroBrrHa Ha paHEEr HeoJrnr (ry.rrrypa Kapaxono I). CdpSxn f,^ Il3cJreABasn ca 13

o6pa:eua, Karo caMo sa 3 ot rrx Moxe Aa ce rBbpAIt, qe ca in situ. Cauo 3 or nporeAemrre 7

exCuepruenra 3a otrpeAensue rra [rrren3lrrera c:I AaJrs pelynratn. flo troJryqerurre KptrBn 3a

pa3MargurBaHe 11 rraMarElrBane MoxeM Aa xaxeM, rle rBcreABanrre o6pasw Eoctr rlacruqno

(uapqnanxo) uauaruurBarre, T. e. Ee c:t 6rrn o6ropenlr Ao Aocraraquo BIlcoKH TeMtreparyplr B

apa"roattu. Brupexu HecrroJryqJrnBara KoJrexllf,t E Ka(BE opl{elrrnpaqry _p$ynrarl{ no o6exraPi*ntoBo nr"rar4e u Te ca: l: 53,7" * 1,8" lr FA/FD : l,lM + 0,059. Bnx.[ar're, se Tellr

crofinocru ca cpaBEHMr{ c pe3yJrrarr{Te or CJlaruua, rro Ee ca rlAeHTHrIuu, Cvrrar"re, qe o6exTnre

Crarusa n Paruroso ca 6-nrlsxn Iro BpeMe' Ho IIe cHHxpoHIII{.Oco6eno firrrepecHa e sbnocTaBKara Mex.Ity apxeoMarHr{THtrTe p$ynTarl{ oT paHEoneoJII{THus

crofi sa o6erra Ererurrrqa I{ Te3u or Clanrna, T\fr Karo re'RMar EAeHT[qIra paAEoBanreporga

n"i"po*". Trfi xaro or Elenlrrqa ca r3cneADanrr caMo lreopf,exTnpam o6parrgr, 3a ro3lr o6exrpa3[oJraraMe e.ryrncTBerro c orrpeAeJlenne na FA/FD. CpeAnara crofinocr or 6-re erc[eprrMellTa e:

FA/FD=1,171 +0,019.' BnxAaue, qc rfl e no-6nngra Ao crofrnocrra, noryrlena 3a BpeMero Ha noxapa. Or csoc

crpaga pa,qgoB6rnepoAEara AarHpoBKa sa Crarnna cblrlo gBorBercrBa lra roBa BpeMe'' 3a'crxaleEtre noparyr MaJrxsr 6pofi npoyrem o6exrn or Harl:uloro Ea pannnt EeoJrtrT

apxeoMarrrETHure KpEBrr _HrMar 3aBrplueE BEA 3a ro3lf nepuoA I{ BceKu noBorlpoyqen o6exr e orrnrepec 3a HaC ra urpa6otBane sa apxeoMarnf,TuaTa CKaJIa Ea BpeMeTo.

Ha o6p. 73 n 74 e floxa3arr eII{E orrET 3a noApexAaEe Ea npoyqeErrre oT Irac AOCera

paxnoueoffirnu oftrrlr.'--- Ha o6p.73 ca noxa3arrf, rpa{xrno perynrarl{Te or f,ETelrsnTera H Aexrf,fiar&sra. Kaxro6eure cuoueiaro, f,lrrer$r{Terbr ce upeAcraBr raro orrrouremle n e 6erpasuepEa BeJrnqlrEa, 3aroBa

tro gp4ruaruara (rc qr rrauecenf, crof,nocrsle 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 1,2 E T.Ir. Orsouresae FA/FD' paBlro Ha

1,0,-ognaqaBa, qe uETeH3UTeTAT Ea TeoMaTHETEOTO IOJIe B ApeBEOCTTa e paBefl IIa gbBpeMelmut;

grofinocrrre, 11o-Mturxg or l, crornercrBar ga no-cna6o IroJIe rr regu, [o-roJreMrr or I - Ha rlo-

cr{JIHo or cbBpeM€Elroro 3eMrlo Manrr{Tao rIoJIe. Crofinocrxre Ha M:ar.Ifr4Tlfrara fiHx.JrnfraQfifi.

a"6p 74) ce auuar B lrJroBn rpaAycn rr saroBa ro opArruarura'ra oc IrMaMe 54', 58o, 62,o n r.s.ilerian"aurrra sbrqo ce\F3MepBa B rpaAycu (a6p.73), Ho:l Moxe Aa 6rpe noJroxlrreJrna (nerouna

-g), 2o,4o;6" tr r.n-., uan oTpHIIaTenHa (eanaAna-}$: 356o, 352'a r.s. B $rysas 356":_4;:4"W, Xopuaonra:rnara oc npeAcraBJrtBa craJrara lra Bp€Mero, xocro orroBapt Ha

npE6lnrnre.nnara a6cornorsa arspacr. Pesylrartre or pa3JIIrtrEI{re o6erru ca npuAp}rxeEn orXoAOBlr goMepa, qfieTo c6oTBeTcrB[Ie e .[aA€Ho B TercTa rru o6p. 73 u 74'

Bcuqxu ^peaylraru or u3cJreABarrrre o6exrx ca pa3noJIoxeHII uo cxaJlara lra BpeMero cJIeA

cborBerrrara rur xarm6pomas. HerrlanKo 3Haqerye ce orAaBa Ha orEocl4TeJllrara xpoHoJlorut, 3a

113scgcBagero rra xo"io AEnxuM 6larogapnocr sa caMl{t pa3KonBarl Ea o6ert CtarusaB. Huxoaoe, a sbrqo u Ea apxeoJro3nTe Hso Baficon n -flnop EocAxren. Cuopea \{urro ,{riurrponoOr*t"i Crapa3aropa - Orprxna 6oruuqa c€ orlract KbM xyJlTypa Kapauono II. B clyuat xaxroapxeoMargurgqTe pe3ynrarn, rax_a n_Q 14 - 4arypauero, ro orlractr Kr"M rIo-ApeBEa eloxa' xaro16 upu6nnxasar .qb Cnaruua (o6p. 73, 74). Or -p.11u

74 Moxe Aa ce BHAr{ u cbornoluelduero

Mexly apxeoMarEr{Trrure p$yJrrarrr or o6exra frlt6mrx u or Cnarnna. 06exrrr Fur6sm e

il;frna'e" c 3 apxeouarHr{rnr{ roqKrr cborBercrBaqn: Jr& 250 - I macr - 4,,5 }r Ar:r6oquHa;l6Zqg - II nlasr _ 2,60 u Aurfioqnna; l€ 11 - m luracr

-2---2,25 v Asn6oqnna. Tsxnoro

pa3noJroxeEue ro ocra Ea BpeMero .cg ryrx,qa or oopaaure. Or ooexra Kpafunryr (ls_2aQ_e

BKJrroqeH citMo pe3yJrrar6r 3a iA / FD nopaAlr &scev orpanl4qeHut 6poft npo6u. ,TecborBercrBar sa safi-ioprrg rrgrorrin xbpxsour,Fe3ynrarrTe 3a lrocoxara Ha ltpeBllur nerrop (I nD) ca vuoro pa3xBbpJrsur4 |r Ee ca BrJrroqemr. MoxeM .{a or6enexuu o6aue, qe [r rprre p€yJrrarara D ca 3a[aAnu.

142

O6p. 74. Petyamamume om dpeauama w*tu-uaiua; 2 - Paxwnoeo; 5 - OetaPoao -zopama; 7 - Cmapa 3azoPa - OxPtxxa6omuaa;8 - ,4o6Punu4e; I0 - Cauoeodeue

- eopsno xuJlur4e u IX cmpownelreH xopu-soHm} 1l - lott6xux - III ntacm; 13 -Kataxttx - IX xoPuzoum; 19 - Cauoeo'deue - V u VI cmqoumeteH xo7usoHm;' 241 - Cmmwu - noxaqa; 242 - Ctamuna

- nodoeu 3aila3Ku; 249 - lttt6uux - IInrtacm; 250 - ftt6uux - I nttacm

O6exr 8 e .{o6prnnue. HeroBnre pa.q{oBrrJrepoEffi Aarl(poBKfi ro orHactr KbM rlo-K}cErl

enox[. Or o6p. '73 i 74 ce Br{xAa, qe apxeoMarlrlrrnl{Te onpe.Ueneuut or Hero ca ro-6nlr3o Ao

grofiHocrgTe, no;ryueru or Orpbxna 6orxnqa - Crapa 3aropa, orroJrKoro Ao re3l'{ or CJrarr{Ha.

Ha nacrocrqfir eran e rpy.ulro Aa roBoprrM 3a apxeoMarlrHTEa craJra 3a nepnoAa lra palrElrtrreoJrnr nopa,ry M,ur1gr 6poft-o6errf,, rr3cJreABaIrI{ or Hac. HeABycMrcJIeHo o6aqe ce Aoxa3BarnoAqeprarro 3a[aAHr{Te AerJrnnarglu (o6p. 73), rorrro

-KbM cp€Atrr{fl EeoJrHT [peMrrnaBar B H3ToqHE.

Buxai c€, qe oruorrreHrrero 3a rrrrrerr3r{Tera c€ xone6ae MexAy 9€ t 1,3, raro nMa ersrpeMurul{crofrHocrr, roryqenu ro II nrracr u III ruracr tra fbnb6mlx (Js 249 u t I or o6p. 73). CLrrraMe ga

rre3aAoBoJrrrTeJrerl xoAa Ha TapceHaTa rpl{Ba Ha uETJIIIHaIUISTa, HO Ce EaAflBaMe C HaTpyIIBaEeTo Ha

rroBr AaHIrIf Tofi Aa c€ H3tcHR.Hegasncurv{o or cpeqaEHre rpyArrocrr{ apxeoMarlrliTHoro IEcneABaHe Ha xuJluuleTo oT

Caamua, foero ge oTHacc K3M lraqaJloro Ira paHHus HeomtrT, e B:l)KHa gTBrrxa B lt3tcHsBalrero Ha

troBeAeEnero rra reoManruTrroro [oJre B Ta3u enoxa. Cae,q HarpyflBaae Ea AocrarsqHo xorfiqecrBoII3CneABarrn MaTepr{rufi ule MOXeM Aa TOBOpI{M II 3a CI{HxpoHI{3UpaHe IIO apxeoMarIII{TeII IIIT.3acera e paAocreH Qaxrrr, qe IIo apxeoMarHr{rHx pe3yJrrarr AocrKraMe Ao yraBcHero Ira ABa

MoMegTa OT xuBOTa Ha KtrrlaTa, xoeTo He IIpoTIIBopequ Ha Ira6JIIoAeHIrsTaHa apxeonofa' [poBeJI

pa3rorr1r{Te Qe 242 *r 241 or o6p. 73 u 74 - nbpButluo u3rrqaxe Ira rIoAoBrITe Hacrltrmtr H

cboplxeHHsTa, rl noxapa cloTBerHo).' HgcreAaasero e ocbulecrBeHo c OnrrancoBara no,rypena Ha MKH[' AoroBop lS ll20 or

L XI. 1988 r.

I Kosaceaa, M. Cr6upaxe sa o6pagqu 3,r apxeoMarEf,rHn lBcneAeaBul. - LlrrepAucqrmmrHapHu rBcreABaFxt'

H, 1979,45*48.- ' -; Kb"u"a"", M. .{arrporxa rpet i}nrxvror Mero,qrr. Apxeouarxnnu rBcJre.@aHE r Ermapxr. - Myr. rr naM. Ea

xynr., 1982, .l\& l, 20-24.' 3 T h e I I i i r, E., O. T h e I I i e r. Sur I'intensit6 du champ magnetiquc terrestre dans le pass€ historiquc et g€ologique. -Ann. Gcophys., 15, 1959, 285-376.

I 1.ailing,' O. iAaeomagnetism. Principles and Applications in Geology, Geophysics and Archaeology'

London-New York, 1983, P. ll.3 Linick, T., A. Lorig, P. Damon, C. Fergusen. High-precision Radiocarbon Dating oJ Bristlecone Pine from

6554 to 5350 BC: -'Radiocar-bon,28,

1986,'p.950; kromer, F. et al. Radiocarbon Calibration Data for the 6th to 8th

Millcnia BC. - Radiocarbon, 28, 1986, p. 957.

roA. np. H. e

143

PACTHTEIIHII OCTAHKH OT XnJII{qETO

Cpel ocramure or pagnogeorilTsoro xffuqe ca orrpf,Tlt 14 arpuoxpanl{,lf,Irla' Ir3rIoJBBaIilr

rrpe3 nocneArrrr nepf,oA or rreroBoro cblllecrBylaxe. B 6 or rs c{l ycraEoBesu 210,5 rr oBlnrenau[regl{qa, eqeMrrx f, 3DpEa or pa3rrqult 6o6ong pacreFlrt. Btpxy no,qa rra 3anaAHara rlacr Ea

xslmqeio ca cr6pann-oqe Ii Kr pa3nrqHs xr{Tx' u 6o6oss 3ap'a.Ao6pe ganaiesr oBtrneuu 3lprra or xnrxl{ fr 6o6osn rynrypn @ ycraHoBeHr B

srpnoxparurnnrUa l, 3, 5, 8,9 r l2.Te ca ce oBbrJIIrJIIr no Bp€Me Ea yulrqoxnTeJlrrrrfl 3a xbIrIATa

uoxap. MarepnanrT [peAcTaBnrBa rrepEa Maca or HarporlleEr{, pa3rlpalueErr R qeJrl{ 3bplra'

11ptrMec€Ha c napqera rep4Muxa or creHsre Ea 3tpEoxpal{aJlrrrqara. 3gtrrarnre 3apxa Ir ceMelra ca

nin6nnsxrenno- l,/10 or o6enaa Ea rncJreABanara clrec. He ca EaMepens ocrarblU or ruIacoBe'

ruracqeTa u Br{Jrxtr oT x11TH11 pagrerurrc, xoero e yra3anr{e, qe re rrpeABapllrenEo ca 6uttu cTaparenEo

oTAeneHn oT 3tpHara.Or srpnoxpagrr;rnule l ca cr6pamr 89 rr oBbulena 3apxelra_Maca, or 3lpnoxpaHnnErrle

3-34 rr, oi rrfnoxparnnurqe 5-17 rr, or 3tpnoxpaunJnrlqe 8--{,5 Kr, or 3}pHoxpaHlUrnueg-42 x., ot s"p"o*pi""auufe 12-8 Nr, a or rroAa B 3anaAEara qacr Ha xrrllnlrlero ca c},6pat*t

15 rr (cratpxanuero Ha pa3Tpolues cr.q)'Or scrio 36prroxpagnJrrrrqe e orAeJrer n o6pa6oren no 1 xr or cLAlpxannero My' raro or

3rpxoxpau[Jrnlqe -8

e ugcne4BaEo lrtJroro rornqecrBo - 0,5 rr.' IrdarepnaJrlr e npoMtrT npe3 cETa c pa3Meplr Ea AyrrKtrTe 2, I a 0,5 r"n*, cJIeA xoero Bcf,qrul

3ApaBH 3tpr14 u oeMeHa ca o[peAeJrern. Onpe,uercuero e IBB]pIrreHo crope.4 r"ropQonornqecxl{re

6eiregn na srpuara Ea pa3rnqsr.rre xETEr{ u 6o6onr xynrypr{ rr @Merrara or [reBefft. Hgnongnann

ca 14 ocrroBrrgTe rrurercn rra 3rpnara rrpu xurHure pacreHl{c - 100.,{bnxlrna irury-I{Hq (100. A,/m),l0g.sgcosf,sa:rurpgna (100.-B/fr), ctornirruensero rrmprxa:BncoqtrHa (IIIIB). ila ng1rygupBb311pueMarre Ea rrrop$onoru"ecx"ti oco6esocrx e ngnongnall Mr{Kpocxon-crepeocKon MBH-9.llgnorssanfi ca v onpe,uenxreJrrrre Ha Xafirnmr, .{o6poxoror2 u Ouluttvtosos3. Ocranxlrre otAbpBectrEa ca onpeAeJrerrg cnopeA anaroMru@rnre oco6enocrtr Ira Hanp€qmre I{M npep€f,.Irlgnortg"anr ca onp€AeJrnrenute ua Buxpora u Illnafitnpy6eps.

XIITHI4 PACTEHII'

Triticum monococcum L. - eftio3bpEecr JrHMerI. Hauepen e BbB BCrtIKr{ 3}pHoxpaHnrrrlqa c

r6rrroqegne rn ocMo. Huan e nmporo pa3rrpocrpalrenl{e rpe3 HeoJlura B Mnoro pafionu na flpeAua

Ag[c u Enpoua. B ErmapNff ce cpeqa BbB BcRttKR EeoJrETrrH cenl{Illa B cMec c ABy3]pEecT JrnMeII'

xaro nafi-qecro uepo6JraAaBa r{MeHHo ABy3}pnecruxr. Ha EalxaHcrut roJryocrpoB eAHo3lpHe-

ctilsr rrEMeII e npeseceu or f[pe4na Asns6.CM-rra'ce, qe EenocpeAcrBen flpapoluren Ea Kynryplmt eAno3aplrecr Jrr{MeII e Triticum

boeoticurn Boiss., 3auloTo ap€aJrtT Ha pa3rrpocTpalleHue Ea AuBopacTt[IaTa eIEo3spIIeBXa gbBnaAa

c xafi-panrnte r"."A"rr"xn ceng qa n fafona sa ,,fln^oAopo,qut noJry[receq" s. TA ce cpelqa s Hafi-

paEHtrTe IIil(oAKil Ha muennqa?. f|. Xyxoncxu8 ilperyara Jlpyr _116T -3a B]3HI{KBaHS IIa

eAgo3bpgecrgr JrsMerI. Tofi cugra, qe usxbAeu BEA e 6xn Triticum thaoudar Reut., xofiro ce

rprcrocBa B ecrecrBerrH ycnoBllfl c Aegilops speltoides Tausch.- r

3rpnara sa Triticum monococcurn L-. ca c yAanxeHo o_BaJIEa $opr"ra, Tecrrf, H BIIcoKu' c

r{3[tKrraJra Kop€MEa crparra, ilo xotro MunaBa rtcEa 6pasaa. B EanpeqeE npep€ ea

sao6aenorpntrbJrHn. 3apolpllrr B rrpeAHara cu qacr npeMlrEaBa B 3aocrpelr tr3pacrBx' 3aocrpeHa e

R 3aArrara qacr Ha a"pnata. FleAam ofilM rpr6uara IrM crpana' re ca cna6o acnMerprrtlHlt -eAHara crpaga e uo-ns-ntrgana. flonsrora 3apnara, pa3rloJloxeun no 2 r e,qEo NJIacqe' uMar rlJrocra

xopeMrra crpaga, uoAo6so rra ABy3tpxe€Tr{t JrRMeq, It roraBa pa3rparrnrilrreJrxn 6elegr aa

eAIrO3tpEecTIIfl oCTaBaT Cr{JrEO 3aOCTpeIIIITe ocIIoBa n Bplx, rarTo II [o-roJlflMaTa BRCOqtrEa Ea

3rprrara B cpaBHeEEe c runprrxara uM. 3a srpnara na e.qEorrpn@Tnt .lrnMerl or Cnarnsa e

xapaKTepEo R3BeCTEO yBeJrFtaBaEe Ea BECOTIEHaTa f,M f, HaMaJItBaHe lra rurpEEaTa EM B CpaBEeIIne

c varepuanu or Heoffrrutl ceJlnlqa B Tparnt.B^ npoqeca f,a oBbrJrrBan€ xnrrrnie srpna cna6o ce Ae$opMl{pa: _ AbJrlKEEara EM ce

c$cf,Ba, Iusp[Hara uM @ yBen[qaBa tt Karo rltJro ce rr3AyBar lt 3arnaxAare. Tosa rpx6na Aa ce IrMa

trpe,@uA flps u3qrc[flBaHe trHAexcr{Te Ha 3tprraTa tr lrpr:cpaBEfiBaEeTo nM c HeoBLTJIeEI{ peqeIrTHII

rrrlarepnarni rpr6aa Aa ce BbBexAa rrpaBrrrrenen roeQrrgrenr.'B pacrrrenrr1Te @Tar{r[, rraMepentr Bbpxy noAa B 3allaAnara rlacr Ea x[Jrl{ulero, 6poff xa

3an[Berrr{Te rleJrn 3bprra e MaJrrx E e neAocraraqeu 3a crarncrnuecxa o6pa6orra. 3arosa pa3Mepnre

lr r{Hrercf,Te r{M ca AaAeEr{ a 6pofrru, a He B npoqelrrrr'

t44

Ta6ntqa XIVBulge pacmtmrenilu ocrrrat$<rr M) svprroxpalurrra4a

I3

5

8

9

t2Brpxy uo.ua

Bcsqro

94

330

2M

I

8I

28433

938 993

3

6

6

| 674

8-160

l8l 674

109

5

;

l0134

Ta6lnua XVICmoilnocmu na wdexcgttu In/B, IN. ilU u fiO . BIIII nptTriticum monococcum L

Ta6nnqa XV

Paznepu ,ut sup*arna xa Triticum monococcum.(r mr1

I359

t2Brpxy noaa

uy6_2_

509144_

t325566t64

26

2

28

333400365333385322

t862t2183190200250

42 5,50 6,8 2g 2,47 3,0 t,6 2.07 2.83,5 5,32 7,0 1,8 2,29 3,0 r,4 t'.92 2',.6

1,9 1,11 1.0 t,s L37 32 1,3 l,e6 3:0l,g t17 7,9 2,9 248 3,0 r,6 22s 2:74,0 5,69 7,0 r,7 L47 3,0 lJ 2:05 3:05,0 5,79 6,0 \0 220 z6 r,s r,so z,r

r3r

423

2M

70

83

l5928

6302

397

2

63

104

127

r82

26

5

I

581

| 0,76 0,94 1,q)3 0,76 0,85 1,005 0,76 0,83 1,209 0,76 0,83 0,97t2 0,76 0,E3 1,00Brpxy noaa 0,77 0,88 1,00

100 118,0 134r00 119,6 llm83 tr9,5 r72

100 120,7 1,f0lw 121,3 144100 ll40 130

263,52y,5273p271,0282,5282,0

rrpx paeupegeJltllero H3-llpqara cnopeA Alrrxf,rrara uM _c€

pa3rpa'rqaBar Ana BnAa 3rpHa -tro-eApl{ Ir [o-Ape6IrE (ra6n. XV). Hafi-rvriurKara AbJrxtrHa e 3,5 rrirvr, "'""r-io""-nir" - 7 lrM, xaro

53I:YI9I^ c,a- 3llEara c trhJrxnEa 5,1-5,5 rrrlv{, *oero cbBrraAa sBc cpeArrara i croftnocr.JHaqIrreJrEo uo-eApll ca 3lplrara oT 3bpEoxpal{t{rnilrle 12, xrAero 48% or rff ca c pa3Mepn6-7 rnr'r' flo roletvrr'a Ha 3bplrara r{ cfiopeA cborHolxe*Eero rra BI{AoBere rl,,,eH',la MareprraJrbror roBa 3bpgoxpaElrmmle ce ornmaBa cblllecrBeHo or ocraHaJrrrre.Cnopea ruuprnara u Brcoqfirrara rroAo6ro

"a ,q"rr*rrara 3r,pgara ca rBbpAe xereporegrrtr.ocsen THITIITIEI{T. uo Qoplta qecro ce cpeqaT yArJDKeEr.r 3bp'a c ManKa B[coqu'a x Apyr' rbcr{, Eono-uuporr{. I[pu cpaBnenue cbc 3bpga-orrpym HeoJrr,rrrrtr ceJrurqa sa Eanrancrns [oJryocrpoB Tecil tro-BucoKn' no-TeclrH u no-crpofiru. Hafi-6nx3rlr ca no Qoprra lr pa3Meprr Ao 3tpgara orHeoJrETHu ceJrurua s 3ana.qEa Erarapu-rro n Cerepua Flputrt...

Ocsen uopSolonrqecKure 6enein Ea 3rprrara 3a_onpeAerf,He Ha BrrAoBara uM npr{EaAnex_IIocT BaxHo 3HatIeIIEe IIMar rexHrrre ocHoBIrIl uII.4ercE. B roncMa creueH ToBa Baxr{ 3a 3BpHaTa IIaeAHO3bpHecTnt JIIrMeq' KoI{To' Il3BaAeEu oT (Jlaca, npEnnrlaT IIa 3bpnaTa oT .ryBopacT.flrqaeAH03spHerIKa.cnope4 M. Xou$ Baxen pa3rpa'Fsrrenen 6eaer uexAlr 3bprrara rra eA'o3bp'ecrtrr JrnMerI n

'4{Bopacrculara eAHo3lpHeIrKa e cborEollleEnero III4. flpn eAlro3tpnecrtrr Jrr.rMer{ To Bapqpa or0,76 ao 0,98'. B Marepl{affrre or Clarnna l$:rojrry__qqdq9"r 3bpna ca erc, cpaBnureJrgo Hrrcxgc"roftnocru Ha sborHol[eHl{ero nw -Ao 0,80 (ra6r. xvi). 'io""

"" A}Jrxn Ha MrurKrrre pa3Mepr{ EaI[fiparrara Ira 3bpHara. HexapaxreplrtrTe BEcoKR EeroBE crofinocrn c€ noJqruaBar oT 3rpna c M:InKaBIlCOlmHa, xoHTO npn oBbrJrrBarleTo cI{ ql ce pa3xylttr rf ca yBeJIIITIuJItr rI3KygTBeEo lrmpr{E aTa cn.HnAexcrr 100. MIn rrpE eAlro3spuecrnr JruMerI Aocrnra crofinocrn Ao 300. tlpupa3[p€AeJreEEero IIa 3bpHara cIIopeA ro3H nIIAeKc ce oqepraBar ABa MaxcnMJA,{a - npE 2SA n 2gO.Tesu crofiHocrE ca HopMaJrHI{ 3a Brrra, Iro MaKap n uanio, HMa rapuoncn c 6eneg6, ecrecrBegrr 3a

3rpxoxpa- TriticumBruIIrUTAlE ,ffi| Fl-l I

.crarn*l ElilSl€3ot$,€E

o6

{t

AoE=

cia€o G

oF

EIs,

A6ct

tr'n

q

2oE'6>tr60-ce

Sg*.EEE

tr()qtx

okq

&

sE

3rpro-xpaBrlJrnl[a

,E[rnxxna Bxcoqrsa IIIrpxra

mln X lmax mrn X lmax mln x3rpuo-xPaHn-JUtrqa

m/B rm.A/|n r00. B/Itr

mm x ma)( mm x maI mltr x

19 Pasronrr rr npoylrBarrr{Jr, xa. 25 t45

Triticum boeoticum Boiss. flonexe AbJD(EBara Ea re3l| 3tpEa e cpaBHETeJIEO MaJrrar 3aalrureHlrre

croftnocrs f,a pa3rnexAaEnr f,sAexc ce yBeJIrqaBaT OT MiulxaTa RM IIItrDIIRa' flo-recm ca 3lpEaTa

Ba AgBopacTttrIaTa eryo3spsema' roxTo B MaTepf,aJlrre or Clarnsa irva npn6rm'rrrengo paBgo

yqacT'e c xyJrryp*x''iriticirm monoc,occ'm L. x ino6o,ryoTo rplcrocBase Ea l*aTa BHAa e AoBeno

ito saasET€JEo cM@Barre Ea rlpn3galsre trM'

llnAerctr 100. B/IU cc ,rE)rII B IIo-recEII rpaEII[{ I cpaBEeHae ctc ltl0'-l/u' ocsossoro

rorurqecrBo 3rpEa o1"rar.fu.*a' l2b;ltb;;o"to-. 6migo ao cpe$rrre r*y cT oftnocrn' llua

f,3BecrEo rp*o*po"""" ""-

crofuociure Ea T'3II EEAexc upn Triticum monococcum L' n Triticum

boeoticum -Boiss- Iro Maxcf,lvryrvt[Te r{M ca tcno pa3rpaumenn'

OrrnexAageTo E cMeceE troceB e IIo.$IoMorEano KplcrocBalleTo MexAJ/ ryJlrypllf,t II

.ryBopacrflrryr Bf,A, xoero e AoBeJro AO ri3paBE Barre Ha rIpInEaIFre IrM rr Ao noJr) IaBaIre Eape4{IIa

npexo.{! Mex.4/ rcx. I{ecro e Tpy,Ero Aa ce ollpeAefin TpaIIEIIATa Mex4/ AEaTa snAa' cpeqar c€

3bprra, xo6ro "t*"tu*t " taOi'i" nafi-xapaxiepurre 6e'legs Ea ABara BrrAa' Eo 3a pilrnrrqror

rrEAerclt, n ToraBa ca oTEeceEn rbM e.ullf,t oT TtX CIIOpeA gboTEolueEuero IIIIB'

Triticum boeoticum Boiss. dueopacmnt4a ednompxenxa' '{nec B

- ArIBo sbcroflIrre

AFBopacTqaTa e*o3'p'etra-ce cpeqa d pafoda Ea ,,ffiolopoAEnt non^eceq"' c'lqo Ha

Earxascrm rronyffi " "-fprryt. B uocne.qsre rua apgqna Ir mopeA "16*'ueY*-::

H. Ad;;;t ; j#i-J tgropiron-cristatum L., Aegilops cylindrica Host. n Apym wrB'I pacIreEne'

TgIIf,tIr{Ir IIpeACTaBrreJn Ea eCTeCTB€EIIre Creum Clo6rieCma' TOsa o6crOrrelCrro 3aeAIIo c

Qaxra, qe tro t"tt tG" ttiti"u- boeoticum BoisS' ce cp€rqa B Ef,KoJIxo pat'oBr*FocTn' AaBa

OcHoBaEIIe Ea agTopa AA CMf,Ta' qe AgBopagrflqaTa eIEO36D-EeEra sa Banrragcxnt 1IOJTOCTpOB !I B

Kpnrr e Aeficrsurcn'o ,q'Bopacr"or", u'ii-;"m"-". F,'C""c*""r3 c6uro rp'eMa' qe Triticum

bOeOtiCUm BOiSS. EMa llcpBtrtleg apean na saSmrsase s MaIa A3nr' Apa6nr' s 3axasra3neTo E Ea

Ea.trarrre, xaTO gO-rECsO umpqrq Cs e pa3[pogrpagllJla U nMa BTOpIfIeH MHSTOOCTp9B€H aI]€aJI B

""p"ffrl*ll*,ryBopacrrqara e*o3ap'e'xa pacre rro rpeB'crrr cK'oHoBe n $n*a*.. cpeua ce

s Iorosanurou s#-fp]}'-f a"O"fic*6, paaontopcro, Krocten,urlrcxo' crarneArulrrpoBcKo'

Meas'urxo, r ,ro-ffi5'i fO*tu-B;;;d"" - n"tup.d*mt*o, Honoraropcro, Xapuarumficxo'

Erxoscro, rpyno"rffrt"pi.ffi;;4. ^Brs ocxosa xa regx Qaxrn x orwraftxr 6naronpnsrHure

xJrnMaflrqllll ycnoBns 3a oTrnexAaHe Ea eAEo3]pgecTrt JIIrMeq' na EaJKancxEx IIoJIyocTpoB

G;;;;il pirorr" cbc cpaB'rrerro raclrorllra xrurrrar), 3' 'Sryureaxrrs npeAnara ro3lr apean Aa

ce nprieMe 3a rrbpBneg qerrTap ua rynrurrpaEe IIa eAEo3lpnecTtrt JInMeq' 3aeAIIO C AXaroJTEr' [Io-

Bepof,TEoeooaqeHiUI[q}IeToEaAIIBopacTflIIIaeAHo3lpEeffiaBxpaEaTaEaEeoIf,TFIll-:9.:::^"36rmapcxxre 3eMtr Aa ce AbJDKn Ea 3aIrIeBtBaHe lra JrrtMeqoBlrTe IIooeBIl' a Ee Ila IIapBInIIaTa n

xyrrsBar$c tV*. fr. Xon6 cMsra,. se Triticum monococc'm L' e 'qonecen sa Ealra'cxlrf,

;i;;F; oi bror"to*lttiti"". boeoticum Boiss. ce cp€qa ryr np€ paggrrt EeoJrlrr 3ae'4'o c

Triticum -orro"oori--i.; iffi;t- dicoccum Schrank' B cM""' no n [IpeAua Agnc 3eMeAermero e

Ee caMo 2000-2500 romnrr uo-crapo' a E clloMeEarl{re "yntry11-q11"11"-

* cpelqar raM B

cbu$:Te rou$unaqru cpaBIIIITeJIHo llo-paso. Ocsen to"l-"- Eaxo'UtrIIaTa r Eu'nraplrc 3apsaTa Ea

Triticum *o"*""""rri';.'A-c-upu6rmeureJrrro roucraETutr pa3Mepn' Koero cBn'uerencrBa 3a

trpoAFJDKnr"r"" *yffi" iW".fr""ip"" "-"!ort"t" "" Elaraprr Triticum mol:r:occum L' ce cpeqa

#;;;;;iiitdr*tiro"""t" S"Urank. u Emora raro Mosoryrry!,l,& ABy3apEecrunr JtrrMerl

e rnr^re' upe*o;;;cxn a6opuren f, EflMa AnBopacrttrF rpe,UlecrBe'f,Ilr Ea Ealxancrus

ronyocrpoB,{aropacrnuaTa eAHo3,bpEel*a ce cpeqa B pacTETeJIHf, ocTaEKf, oT HeoJluTlrf,te cerrnqS xpaft

,. f"6l"ol"'o, ".

n""iffil" " i Xpe.t"*ti npafi rp. Canapera 6anr, KbAero Bepotr'o 3arJreBtBana

Jrf,MeIIoBETe oo"""* Ho s rnraiepuarmre'or enarusa rs uMa Aoptr 11o-roJlflMo J lacTtre oT

eAHO3BpEecTrrr JrxMeq,, raTo 3tpEara i ca cpaBIflTeJrEO eApI|'B rosn clyrafi Ee MOxe Aa ce roBopII

3a 3arrlleBfaare. Beporrgo ,ryBopactrqata effio3bpHeffia EaMeplrna 6naroupnrrrur ycnoBllfl 3a

;;.;;;;faf,ona'na Cnarnna, cra'rura ro*Kyp€Irr lra xyrrryp'nre mlMerur r e orrrlex'qa'a B

cMeceH IIOCeB c rf,x.*'*a;;;ru ""

friti"o* boeoticum Boiss. ca no-Ape6Etr f, 3narrEr€JrEo no-recErl or 36plrara Ea

eAFO36pneCT"" rp1taq. llvar nO-roJItMa Brrgoq1rlla E nO-yAHIxeIr 3apg41lu' Te ca MEOrO mpOftnr

tr cnMerpr{""" "6#J;;;;; das!;. o"to""t"- It Bbpx}r uM ca 3aocrpegu jT2:i;";;;;;;-ot irrutrr"a irpnara l & no-yaurxe'rr E c no-Miurra Bncoq'Ea' Koero e ocooe'o

xapaKrep'o ,u "u-r-Jop"i.;;; oc"es rnmr.rmrre uo EGEI'eE Bu'q 33p'a ce cpeular orqe rDa

BI{Aa:rbcn'croJlsMaBacoq[EaE[mpnEa;l{iJtrf,'croJI'MaBncoqtlEaEIIII'pEHa.cuopen Abnxrrsara cR 3$pnara nla m"o!1TryT eAgo3ap_Ee-Ilra-9a-pasnopoArtr Ir cblrlo

xaTo npu eAHo3apEecflIs mMeII ca IIo-eApu r no-ape6nr (ra6n' XVID' Haft-uanara A,bJIxtrEa e

3 ur,,r, naf-ronclraru__7,5MM, raro n rlpnoxpagrurulqe12 nua nafi-usoro e'4pli 3apga' flpanu

Brreqarrre'rre, qe B 3sp'oxpamnruqa { i1T *[nero Triticum boeoticum Bois. upeo6rraAaBa HaA

l#

Ta6nxqa XVIIPaznept. rut tbpn@tta w Tritlcrmt beotbtn biss,(c ut)

3rpxo-xp8ExrBrqa

,{ruxma Brcoqrga Itrupnra

ninl X mal mrrl x max rnin x

Ta6nxqa XYIIICmotuocmu tu uthxantc m/8, IN.I/m u IN.B/III npttTrittc,ttttt beotiaan btss.

3opno'xpafrr-Jtrtrqa

ryB r00.lutr lm. B/rtr

run x mar mrn X lnar mrn x

I g,!{ g,zg 0,7t ?{ i1e,5 620 r33 r4sp 22oI g,1q g,g7 o,7t ?{ y7:6 62s ir1 lqg,o ztiI g,g 9,7? 0,71 ?2_7 325,0 soo ilt i+t"s zn.e- 9,16 0,66 0,71 ?ry y* w iil issio zao^ r2 g,y 9,67 0,71 ?ry 324,7 :^i ilil+giijr,Brpxy uoga 0,52 0,63 0,73 283 3sljO lse i:6 ie r,O iii

Triticum monococcum L., & cpelqar lrafi-eApnre 3bprra ArrBopacrrrqa eArro36pgegKa.Bncoqrgara lra 3bp'ara Ea .u{Bopacrrulara eA'o3bprre'ra e uo-roJrrMa B cpaB'e'rre ceAHo3lpEecrf,t JmMeII. Tosa e xapaxrepno a 3a Marepuamme or Cnarrnra-i;6;. Xn; ifiij;;;trpu cbBpeMeHH[Te BIAOBe pa3Jrrfrara e orqe no_qyBcrBnrenHa. Blnrnuero na Triticummonococcum L. ne ce e orpa3f,Jro Bbpxy rrruprrnara na ilrpiara na Triticum uo"oti.u- Crirr. "i, ""3Eaq[TerHo rro-TecEH OT 3tpHaTa f,a JUMerIa.

B ugcreAsaEnt MaTepilaJr or uo.Ua B 3auaqqara ttacr Ha xlmm[ero ca EaMepegu cauo 43tpEa' Kolrro ca lreAocraratfirn 3a crarr{crrrvecxa o6pa6orra lr He ca BUIroqeEn B cpaBEegrreroMex4/ 3bpnoxpanlr.rnulara. Texrure pa3Mepn se ce orxnogrBar or oOrqEie A"ro ga Cnarnua.3a ,ryrsopacrclqara emogrpnenia crornoureEuero mn;;;p-";t;;-0,Ai)-{;i-^rt*MarepllELJrlfre oT clarnna uonrmasaneTo ga crofiEocrr{Te Ha Bncorrngara Ea 3r,prrara rr BoA[ AotroBRIuaBaEe crofrsoctrre Ha cbornoruenr{ero lIW. Hafr-.o"*r

-6;;;;;;; i^nu, *or"orue'rreIIW 0,70.

vYv. rDPnq A1

Xaparteplru ga Triticum boeoticum Boiss. ca croftsocrrre Ea rEAeKca 100. IrrT1g sa.300. Orpa3upeAenesf,eTo Ira 3bpgaTa cuopeA To3E nqAexc ce BRxAa, xe ro* Aocrma MEoro rro-Hrrcxtrcrofrnocru - Ao 227 *Gafu, xvIID. Irprcrcranero Ea rnrrqrorre 3a ryJrryp'n, nq,q crofinocru RaURAeXca Ce '4EJm Ea 3lpEa' roETO nMaT rOJrtMa BI{cOqIIEa E M:UIra ttrrlpuga, trpSCbIqf, EaAEBopacTfIqaTa eAEo3bpIIeHxa' Eo cil MIIoro xacu f, rrqAercrT lW. Mfri c Iro-EEcbK oTsopMarHoTo.Croftsosrrre lra f,IlAexca 100. BIII Baprp.ar or 127 no 280 (ra6n. xvID. lrMa ngsecTgotrpffIoxprBalle gborBETlro B MaxcrlMaJlrilrre ctofrnocrn Ea xyJrypErrr BEA r B MrrEnMaJrgnre EaAEBOpsCTrrqnr, so MaxcRMJMUTe EM Ca ,cEo ptr:trpaHEqeErr.Triticwn dicoccum schrotk. - deynprccm niry"q, MopSonornrecrr n renerasecrf, nafi-

!tm365 Ao AEy3l-pEecTRs JTITMeII e Triti6uni aicoccoiOes'K6rn., roftro Beporrso nbpBo*arrar'o e6nn o6exr na cr6rapareacrno noAo6no Ea.u{Bopacrflulara eAEo3a_pnerrra n nocrcrrerrno c BtBeAerrB ryJrqfpa raro upfiK [peArrrecrBenrr rra ADy3rprrecTns nnMerr. Gnosagre 3a roBa 3aurroqegneAaBa Iulpororo p8[pocrpaHeme na Triticum dicoccoides K6rn. B ap€ana Ha rrrpBgTe 3€MeAeJrcrqceJlurqa Il EaMlpaHcro Ira E3ronaeMil or[eqarBrF or ABara BnAa B 6vec s naf,-t'arurre HeoJr[TEr{ceruuga a llpegna Agnr. Knacnsecrf, rrpnMep e ,{xapuo r Krop.{trcran (I.6;;i -;;VII xrn. np. n. e.lo Ho n noseqero rreoJrrrrrru oamruIa B To3n pa*ox

" o,

"*rqi;-"p"n a ca orKpnrr{cnelE caMo or ryJlTyplrlrfl ABy36pHecT lnMeql7. Tona roropr no-cropo ga srgvo*nocrra Triticumdicoccum Schrank. Aa e B!3EEKHaJr or ecrecrBeEoTo rpxcrocBaEe Ea Triticum boeoticum Boiss. aAegilops speltoides Tausch., qlfuTo apeann 3aeArro c M@Tara ra xaft-parroro E:lM'parre EaTriticum dicoccum Schrank. B flpemi Asrr oe ,rp*o*p"""r.- n' xyroncrn cMtra' .

qe [o-BepofiTlro e BB3IrrrrBaEeTo _,,a ABy3ap'ecrrrr JrrrMerl orxr6pu.qrawra Me)KAy Triticum thaoudar Reut. n Argifop, speltoides t".ir"[tr.Brg*roxno e H ABara Irbrt 3a BbgHIrrBaHe rra ABy36pH wrnt JrrrMerl Aa ca w4ars. gnaqenue. B[poqeca Ea ,4bnroro,4nrrEoro cl6rparelcrso Triticum dicoccoides K6;. Moxe Aa e Aiur qpe3Ivryrau{Ir Eaqa"rroro Ea xyJrrypnr{r BuA, a crronTarrnara xn6px.qnarp, Me)r(Ay .urBopacrrrrlaraeAHo3splrema n Aegilops speltoides Tausch. clrqo Moxe aa e irtraaa "pn"* ri-",Lop*p""rro My.lrrprure cBeAerrur 3a rraMrrpa'e E3 4Py36p'gr JrrrMeq B b".,rrapn aasa Hl ap'ovxor.i,@JrlilqEara MorllJra npu c. Bece.nruroso, frr.r6onciore. flo-mcno ocraxrrr or rr€ro ca EaMcpeE11 B,5BBcEqrII lr3cJretrBaFn B utureoeTHo6oranrsecro orgoluerlte apxeonorEqecrr o6erru or EeoJrETa BErmapm, B cMec c eAEo3apEecr JrrrMerl E eqeMur.

3rpuara Ha rByiDpHwrax,JrnMerl ca tro-EHcKr r{ umporur B cpaBEeHrre c eAEo3bprre."tna.vl,|'latrulocra ntII{ Jlexo ugra6ana xopeMna crpaua, no xorro MtrHaBa r"'cna Op_alaa. Si-0"'";t*, *d;e Jlero rrp6ana tr aclrMerprrsxa. B ga.qnara cu sacr 3rpuara "" rpdor*iot'o o crurgcHaru, a

I l,q 5,85 7,0 +0. \7t 3,0 r,0 r,EE 22i ii #i;\ iiffi*t ffi\fi*.2 l,l i,54 g,l r,e z,5s i;o i,it i',tr z7s,o,i2oo* !:3 ;j3 ::9 't! A?, 1i l:i l::ft n

t47

I

Ta6auqa XIXPastepu ru 6Prr@na n4 Trittc.tn' ilbocann Sc}r:ank

(a un)

3rpnexpaHn-rurqS

Itr/3 rm.A/r[ 100.8fltr

nun x max mln x mar mln x max

I 4,0 s,fi 7,73 4,0 5,12 7,05 4,0 5,57 7,79 3,5 5,80 7,0t2 4,5 612 8,0

Brpxy nora 5,0 5,60 7,0

I 1,00 122 ?-N 155 251,0 333

3 0,s5 l,Lz 1,56 179 255,5 3335 0,E9 1,08 1,67 196 269p 417

9 1,00 123 1,80 183 249,0 305

12 1,07 1,31 l,@ 179 2289 325Brpxy uoaa 1,00 121 1,56 157 2't0'6 300

ocgoBara uM e 3ao6nega. 3sprrara ca pa3rroJroxenu no 2 B xJlacqera, o6rxsoseso eEHoro no-

Bncoro or Apyroro. floncrora BptxHqre xracqera Ira xJraca ca eAFo3apHecrl{ n B Ttx 3apEara

rroJrlnraBaT s3lryTa xop€Mlra cTpaEa IIoAo6Eo Ea e.ryo3lpHecTtrc JIuMeq' so Bf,Earu ca c flo-roJrtMa

ulllpr{Ha or BrrcoqnEara cl| II ca gbc 3axp'bruIeEa ocHoBa'- 3rpnara Ha ABy3tpH@Tna mMerl or Cnarrrna ca E Korro pa3noBu,{Eocrrr: ocDes rrllrrqlrure

3axp6rneffi, Eecr{Merpmurr xapnorrcu nMa tr yAbJIxeIrH, Bp€reEoBEro 0opMII c pa3rnqHa

ItLJDKnEa.flpu parupeaeJreEtreTo Ea 31'pHaTa Ha .py3apEecTnt JInMeII cuopeA AbJIxHHaTa EM ce

oqepraBar ABa Maxcf,rvrylra, rorrro o[peAersr EaJlrquero Ea elpl_n lpe6nn slpna. Hafi-rvramara

rcn'xsna e 3,5 lrv, a Hafi-roJrrMa;ra - 8 r'nr (ra6n. XIX): Hafi-l'rsoro ca eAlture 3lpFa B

Affi&parr;qe li - 68%: r€ c.a c pa3Mepn 6-8 ut't, a Hafi-Ape6nr{ ca B 3lpnoxpalrrurnqe 3.

Bnco${sara 11 mEpr{E?Ta Ea 3aprrara lrMar cpaBllrreJruo IIncrE ctofrtrocrn. BncoqnsaraBapr{pa or I .qo 3 r,avr, a-unrpnnara --l-4 urr. 3rpnara ca Mlroro recnll' crpofrwtn yAlJDKeEtr'

troqr[ cnMerpnqur, c rrpaBnJrno r3BI{Ta Jrnmns na rpr6uara _crplra. T3rory 6elegu IlMa rl

ABy3tprle€Tf,rr JrrrMcq or rreoJrnrEoro ceJlurqe KpeYlEf,r xpa^fi Canapera 6axr2o. Ha[-eAps' n cruiuqna Qoplrra ca stpnara or 3rplroxpamJlnqe 12.

HeOf5rqafinara oopMa rra stpHaTa Bo.ry Ao oTI(.IIoIIcBaHe Ha UEAeKCITTe rM oT xapaxTepErre

nr'r crof,nmn, Eo Te ca B paMrlrTe Ea AorrycnrMoro 3a BrAa'CnopeA cborEorueEuero W/B rcEo ce BmK.4a roJrtMara pa3H-oPgllrlocr Ha 3bpHara IIa

ABy3rpHecrf,fl Jrr{Merr. Hafi-mrcrara crofirrocr Ea cbornoureunero e 0,85, a safi-nncoKara - 2

1ri6l. XX). Hafi-Etrc1rrre My crofiHocrn cE AbJrxar Ea Muoro ALrrm, Tecuu Ir HucxII 33pHa c

;;;"n;Qopr"ra, Mnoro xapaxrepun 3a Eaxo.srre ot Cnarnna n-Kper'aenrrx' a Rafi-rucoxnre -ru ioon"r" uci 6oiua 3rp1a, xonro npn oBbrJltBanero cE ca ce ne$optunpalr il l{3xycrBelro ca ce

pa3IImpI{JrE.' irofinocrgTe Ea 11gAerca 100.tr/fr, ca cpaBrrrrreJrno BIrcoKI{ Ir ce ABrrxar MexAy L55 a 417

(ra6-rr. XX). Ao ErBecrEa creneE Te ce [pnuoKpEBaT Crc Crofi-socrure My flpf, eAFo3lpsecTtrfl

JrsMeII. ftrpnrnna 3a roBa e MaJrrara IUHpI{Ha Ira 3lpnara'Crofiuocrure na xrrAexca 100. BIII ca 6nngrn Ao rl{uuqrrxre 3a BuAa. Te ca B rpaHHlprre

50-113 (ra6l. XX), uo ToBa e T.xa Ee 3aqoro 3bpEara ca c rtrnlrrEa Qopua, a 3arrloTo e EaMaJreEa

BCJIf,IIIIIIATA KAKTO EA BI{COqNEATA IIM, TAXA U EA IuNPUEATA I{M.

Triticatn aestivutn L. - .LreKa nueHu4a. Mexara flIITeHHI{a AHeC Ce OTrnex'4a Ha orp_oMHa

TepgTopnr 11 e ocrroBna 3rp_Hena ryJrcyia. Haft-pans[Te Eaxo.ryx Triticum aestivum L. ca

ud,srrrubrdlupasu s Ter-ec-Cesas (Mecouoraunx) B rlllacroBe, Aarllpaun B cpe.qara lra

vI xnn. np.n.e.2l Tau ca HaMepeHr{ ocramn oT roJIO3lpIIeCra IilueHnIIa c EeTpoIUJII{B KJI_1C.I

*opOo"oi-""i*n 6enesn, r[rrrrrrn 3a MeKara rlruelrnqa. B rulgo cbcrotnue rt Ee e Hgsecrna. Hafi-repoirna e xgrrore3ara ea xu6pngnnr.i npou_rxoA or ecrecrBel{o KplcrocBaEe Ira rerpallllotrAHE

BuAoBe rrrregr{qu (Triticum iicoccoides Korn. c Aegilops squarosa L.) u nocJleABalrlara

x146Du.ugau$r c xexcarrJlol{Alll1 BtrAoBe rrruenalu lr pa3flfirlHf, reHernrlna fi3Melrenlrtzz. E. C*tgcxa

crqb cr"ra, ue Triticum aestivum L. rua nomaSulterurlen npon3xoA or [peAHoa3rlarcKll BIrAoBe'

npf,Ko uIfi qpg H3qe3HaJIr IIHTerpUmtr BEAOBq 6mrgxs AO npeAgo1S]gr1rexute23'' B Brmipxr MeKa rrruegr{qa e ycranoBelra B HeoJIIrrIrI{ nn-actose ua Aguarurata MorruIa2a,

Kapalrono2s, i(asanmx26, rlanqap2i u Paxrrrogo2s. Ho na Earxaucrnr noJlyocrpoB' xarro It B

npln"" Agns s ro3rr parerr rrepuoA Tr H€ e trMaJIa ruupxo pa3[pocrpalr€Ene B rroceBxTe. Cpeqa ce

raro nptrMec B JruMerIoBr{Te ryJrryp[. Iara e n B Marepnannfie or Clarrna c rr3xJnorleHne Ha

rrpnoxpauunnrle 12. B sero MeKara rilrerilIla nr"ra npu6rnrureJruo eAEaxBo yqacrlre c ABara BH'qa

Jrr{MerI.- Cauo B ToBa 3apHoxpaHnJrnule uMa AocTaTlqno xoJrrlqegTBo 3lpHa 3a cTaTEcTnqecKa

o6pa6orra. ,{aurnre oT u3cnelparrero uM npa.qcTaBeHn B ra6l. XXtr.

148

Ta6nsqa XX

Cmoturocmu m utlexctotu ry&, IW.llW u l0O.BIIII npu

Titicurrr tlicocant Sclrur*

3rpno-xpas||Jlruqa

,{rtrrnna Bncosgna Itrupxxa

mtn x max tluD x Elax mm x50 84J lm67 90,0 lmQ 9L7 rr356 82,7 lm63 77p 9357 84,0 100

lo 1,89 2,8 1,6 U7 4,0l2 l,8o a5 lJ eoo 3,01,0 r,% 3,0 l,o e09 3,0l,o 1,93 2,6 1,4 L36 3,0t,o zo7 2,8 1,5 ul 321,5 1,97 L3 2,0 \39 39

Ta6nxqa XXI

Pazxepu Ha supvtttu (a uu) u cmofuoctllr'xa udexaorpntA,im.iltit u I00.Bllil npu Ttitif'Ian drjsliuon L

Ta6rxqa XXII

Paenepu ,ur sbpvano (a nt) u cmoilaootru xa wlexctatteIII/8,-100.1/fl u 100'BlU npt Honlam anlgoe w.n//d|,4/n L

,{urunaBncosrxa

IIInprma

IU/B

100.Mtr

100. B/rtr

450

1,00

r,50

1,07

179,00

63,00

l,3l

228,W

77,W

8,00

2,80

320

1,60

325,00

93,m

1,80 2,50 1,07

2,14 3,03 tA436pEa

max

6,13

2,07

2,71 1,73

1,00

1,50

2,00

minEnpn-x

5,50

6,08

7,00

min 3,00JIpc6xsx 3,U3rpHa

max 5.00

171,0 60,0

2022 7r,4

233p 93,0

150,0 50,0

203p 68,4

\fi 3,80

080 1,00

129 1,89

400 2.70 300,0 100,0

3rpnara Ha Mexara rluerrurla ca oBarno rgrrr.rxApuqflIr, crpofrHn E cuMerpuqm. npe,ryara n3a.qrrara uM qacr ca 3aKptrJrexn. 3apo4urrrbr e rronerar tr 3aBbpluBa cbc 3aocrpell Bplx. Kopeuuarar{M cTpaHa e 3ao6neEa, c npaBEJIHo pa3flonoxelra TffcHa 6_pasna.

HscJre.4Bagg.o Ea AsJnrrrnara noxa3Ba, qe Hafi-rorsM 6poft stpna ca A\IrEn 5,7-4,1 MM -45o/o, a 36oh ca c uo-BrrcoKrr crofirrocrn rra AbJDKHEara. Bscosmrara nMa crofrHocrfi l-1,8 MM' arrrr{pgrrara 1,5-3,2 MM (Ta6n. XXI). flo $opua fi pa3Mepa 3}pHara Ea MeKara nlueHrlrla orClanaga ce orxnongBar or rtrIu{rrrruTe 3a BIrAa. Te ca eApE Ir yAbJDKeRu, IIo BroHrueE BnA ce

Ao$mxaBar Ao 3tpsara Ea ,qBy3rpnecrr{s lrEMcII or CJrartrHa. PagnnqaBar ce no cJra6araacr{Merpr{qsocr ri rbp6aBocr rra 3bpnara rra nr{Merra. Taru TI{rI 3}plra ce cpeqar rrpe3 EeoJII{Ta ueABa [pe3 cpeAnoBeroBtrero, xoraro Mexara rrrueIIHIIa Ao6nBa [mporo pa3npocrpal{enue, ce tBtBarB TnnErrHara cu Qopr'ra - [o-Ape6nn r 3axplrreHl{ 3bpHa.

IIpn pasupehenenr{ero rra 3tpnara cnope.a cboruollreunero II[/B ce Bl{x,ua, \e 560 or3lprrara r{Mar gborEoruenr.re 1,2-1,3, xoero sbBnaAa cbc cpe$Iara My croftHogr. Hafi-rrra.nxara uFah-roncMara My crofiIrocr ca cborBerllo 1,07-1,60.

Haft-unoro 3bprra ca c HnAeKc l00.MU MexAy 230 n 250, xaro Mlrnr{Miurlrure I{MaKclrMa-rrHHTe My crofiHocru ca I79 ,r 325. I4r'ra lrsrecrlro trpmoxplrBaue cbc crotrHocrure IIanHAeKca npu Triticum dicoccum Schrank.

IlnAexctr 100. B,/Itr ce ABHxr{ B TecHrr rpaHurl}r, raro nafi-uaJlxara u nafi-roncMara Mycrofirrocr ca cLorBerno 63 n 93. 63% or 3rpuara rrMar f,rrAexc MexAy 60 n 70, xoero cbBna4a cbccpeAEara My crofiEocr (ra6a. XXD.

Pasrueprre f, ocEoBEHTe ugAexq{ Ha 3}pnara sa Mexara lrluenuqa npeAcraBtr acoIIHaqE ornpu6luurreJrHo eAHaxBrr rro ptnMeprl r.r Brriluen BfiA 3apna 3a pa3Jrura or JrrrMeIIIrre.

Hordcum vulgare var. nudurn L. - eonosupHecm etrenuK. EAso or rtpBrrre ryJrraBHpaHI{pacrerrfir HapeA c ABara Br{Aa JrHMerl e eqeMrmbr. Anec e npuero 3a Aoxa3alro, ue roft e npornJrt3aJlor gnnopacrxrqur Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch. em. Bacht., xofiro Beposruo B Haqiuroro e 6nlrureBeJr B JrnMerloBlrre xynrypu. BuocreAcrBue e 6nn srseAen B Kynrypa rr cerexqnsra My 3apa3Jrr{ra or JlrrMe4rre BspBrJra xbM [oJryqaBane na Qoprrrn c EerpouurlrBl{ $racoBe.

Clrsra c€, qe xponoJrornqecKlt nafi-pauunre apxeoJrorrtecKll Haxo.qxu Ea eqeMlrr ca HaMepeEI{s BeftAa (ffop,qanuc) u Anx-Koru (Hpar) or VII xr{JL np. H. e.2e Beporrno H B ABara cryqat o6aqectaBa. AyMa Bce oule 3a ruBopacrcupr $opun c rpotrrff{Blr xJlacoBe. 3acera e c[rypno, qe

ortreqararur or Eepa3naAatru ce xJracoBe Ea eqeMEx ca IraMepeHE B ceJlHrqero ,{xapr"ro (Hpar),

Crofi-socTx

.{u-tgHa

Bxco'qllEa EA

rtr/3 l0o.A/rtr lm.B/rtr

ng|lrJlfllnulu wJrzu{g aP4n w. r\4yqsvDv. llv-aryuv v uervrv} u

apxeororf,rlecKlr o6exTu or lreoJrnra n Eurapur.- 3rpuara Ea roJro3bpnecrrlr eqeMr{r ca pov6onnAno sao6JreHrr, Jrexo rpr6no-xopeirtuocrurecrrarfi, c MarcI{MaJrEa trlupr{Ea B rlerrrptunara cg .raqr. 3a pa3tnxa or rrJleBecrfit eqeMEKrono3bpuecrrrrr rrMa rrcHa xopeMna 6paraa r{ rJra.rya rpt6na crpaua, no Kocro HcMa orneuartrtrrOT IUIEBH II IUIEBIITFT.

3rpnara Ha erreMuxa rro npaBtrJro ca xereporeHnu no pa:]Meptr. Ouepranar c€ ABa rl{rra -xrcu, Iunpoxn n AlJrrI{, Tecrru. B trrareprall{Te or HeoJlrrrrrara KaIrIa B Claruna erleMux uMa caMo B

36prroxpaurlJrnrrlero 8, xrAero rofi e qncra KyJrrypa, 6er upuuecn. bar'ro 12 srpna or o6uo 674 cac I

pa3M€pr{ 5,5--.:l MM, Noero e HopManno 3a Br{Aa rrpes HeoJlrra, Ho npeo6ra,qaBalrloro KoJlnqecrBo ca

149

,)

Aarnpaull or upu6mrl{renuo ctuloro BpeMe.flrpau cBeAerrrrfl 3a ornrexAane Ha erreMxK uo 6rarapcxrre 3eMR AaBa H. 'dpnay4or or

EeoJrr{Tuoro ceJrurqe rpafi c. Kapauoao. flo-rrcno eqeMr{x e IraMeI}€E norlTu BtB Bcuttrr{

c AlJrxuga 3-5 vrrr. Tonxosa Ape6uu 35pua ce cpelqar 3a IIbpBu rlbr B Ermaprr. O. Xep3ocro6r11ana sa cnoeo6patm, gpe6xo3tpHecra, c rurbren uac Qopult eqeMl(x, rotrTo Bepotrno ca

6mlgru .qo nauepexnie s Craruga. Brguoxgo e rurfiMarlrtlEuTe R uoqBeHrre ycnoBf,t a Eupoua ga

ca AoBenR Ao 0o-prraoo6pa3yBaue x ctsiasane Ira EoBIr $opult rureBecr r roJlo3bpuecr eqeMrrx, xaroEe e r6xJuoqeno n3xoAprre $opr,rn or raxaB Tnn Aa ca [peueceElr or lOrorsrorrra Asnc.

.{pe6rorre 3tpna ca c upn6nrnnTeJrno ABa Irbrlr tro-MaJrxa.uFJrxIrHa or e4plrre. Taxa e u npuBncoqunara rr runpnuara ua irpnara. Bnco.nrnara I{Ma nafi-nncnr crofuocm 0,8 uu n naft-sficorfi2 t"tu, a runprnaia cborBerno naft-nrcrn I uv n naft-rncorn 2,'l uu (ra6n. XX[).

HnAercnre rra 3tpuara ne ce orxroncBar or crofrnocrnre I{M, xapaxreplru 3a HeorI{Ta.Crofi"nocrnre Ea cbornoruerruero III,/B rapnpar or I yo 2, raro pa3npeAenenr{ero Ea 3lplraractropeA Hero RMa 3 uarcmvryua - trpn 1,2, npn 1,4 r npx 1,7. Hnqexmr 100. r(4II nua crofinocrnor i50.qo 300, xaro rrMa MaxcnMyM npn crofinocr 210. Hn4exctt 100.B/III ce ABI{xr B Tecurl

rpagurgr or 50 go 100, a pa3rrpeAenenr{ero Ha 3bpxara crop€.4 To3tr aHAeKc IIMa.UDa MaxcnrvfyMa -npn 60 u 80.Haficulno Baptrpar no crofisocr BHcorluHara Ir lufipnHara IIa 3LpHara Ea roro3EpEecrnfl

eqeMIrN, xaro o[peAenrr ABa rl{[a 3bpna - crpofim, yAbJDKeEE, c MaJrxa rulrpnna I{ no-3axplrnenlrtr rIrIfpoKI{ 3}plra.

EOEOBH PACTEHI,I'

Ocnen xrrrrrn paq'.rc:gnr B paHrrnr HeoJrr{T ca orHrexAarx x 6o6osn xyJrrypu. C sRcoxoro cucbgrpxagne na 6earrqrrnn Te 6nnn saxsa crcraBKal xpanara Ira xopara. B uarepnaanre orCnar-una f,Ma 3EaqETerEo RoJrrrqecrBo pa3JMrIEu 6o6oru pacerlls, pa3Mecenf, c IrIueEEIIara B

3rpHoxpaurrJrrrqara - neqa (kns sp.), rpax (Pisum sp.), 6yprax (Vicia ervilia Willd.), rJryurnHa(Vicia sp.) u cexupqe (Lathyrus sp.).' n6 paa1repn-stpnara Ea Bcrqxlr BnAoBe 6o6orn pacrennt cnaAar su lpebnoceMennl{Te(ra6.rr. XXID u-npnrexaaar roJrflMa rapna6runoo. Cperqar ce raro Muorolpe6nrceMena, TaKa I{q)aBEHTeJrEo eApr{, 6lugxu no pasr"repn Ao .qHec xynrr{Bl{p_annre pacrellur. Pacrrielnrrre ocralfirca oBr,rnenn Ir ceMelrEara oOrlrrxa na ceuexara He e go6pe 3arla3ega, 3a .[a r"rdrar re .qa 6rAatorrpeAeJregf, no B1tru. Plvra a ceMeEa, Jrf,ruenu or @MeEHara crt o6BnBKa, trJrx orAeJIEn xorfiJleAoxf,.He e stguoxEo rrpH T.fl( Aa ce pa3rpaHlqar rpaxlr or rJrylnrlrara, 3aroBa re IIe ca BxrloqeEx B

n3cJreABanero.Fpaxrr rr nerqara ca ocnoBrrr{ 6o6osx xyJrrypu 3a HeoJrsrRI{Te xopa u ca orrJrexAalrrr or

safi-lpl6oxa ApeBrrocr eArroBpeMeuro c xurlrltre pacreuur. B rcxmte qacrf, xa Ea:rxascrRrtroJryocTpoB ca pa:lnpocTparreEtr.ryBopacTflIryTe r{M npapo.ryTeJlll tr BeporTso Te3I{ pacTeHsc uMaTMecreg nponaxo43r. Eypraxrr, cerupqero n rflyumuara cbAbpxar B ceMexara cR orpoBER

Ta6lxua )OflIIPawepu Ha ceilerurrut ta 6o6oaunc pacmerun c urr

BIII Paruepr3rpnoxpagunqa

I 3 5 9 Brpxy noAa

22?-83,4

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Vicia3p.

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Berq@TBa, Eo He3aBEcItMo or roBa ca E3uoJBBaHtr 3a xpaua Ea xopara. Orpormre BeqecrBa JIecEo

cc orA€nrr rrpx BapeEe. TerH pacrearrr uMar Mrroro Ao6pu_raq@TBa 3a n3xpaflBane Ha AoMaIIIHI{rexf,Borgtr u e Bb3MoxEo Aa ca cJr)Drtrmt 3a Oypax. He e rrxmorleua E ytrorpe6ara HM 3a

nerapcrBelilr qeJrl{.

AI{BOPACT'Iq}I PACTEH}I.'I

Karo nreseJrn B MareprraJrure or Clarnsa ca EaMepeEIi ceMena or rrnnepqe (Polygonumminus Huds.), rroBerrqa (Cohvolvulus arvensis L.) r erronre (Galium aparine L.). B MarePniurlrreor 3apgoxpagrururqe I nua 6 saua3ern ceMerra or JreE (Linum sp.), rarto Ir Mnoro EarpolueFq'xorro se 6erue BB3MoxHo Aa ce onpeAeJrrr uo Br{4, Ho xafi-reporruo craBa Aylra 3aEropacrqlen, 6ypen B noceBrrre. Ma.nrncr 6poft menermn ceMelra e yra3anlre, qe xarBara e 6ntta Blrcora.BcusK;'rueB€JrR, uo-Hucru or lrrrBoro, Ha xoero e pa3flB r.lraclr, e MaJrKo Beporrno Et 6rliatc66paru.r. BrsuoxEo e cLrqo meBeJrrre AorrLrrEnTeJIEo Aa ca otcrpamBaEll rIpR noqHcrBaEero lra3rpuara.

Cpel xf,Tgure 3apna or 3apuoxpanru[rrqe 12 ca nauepenf, naprrenlla oBlulexa AlpBecnna orrnop (Acer campestre L.). Beporrno roBa ca ocranxu or.qbpBelrnt ranar Ea 3apnoxpanuJrl[qero.

ftt

Eqnosrpnecurrr JrtrMerl, ABy3LpEecrmr Jrf,MerI E eqeMmbT ca e,qEtr oT rl.'bpBaro KyJrrnBnpaHII

or qoBexa pacreuns. Jlnueqnre ca rrMiurn unporo pa3npocrpanenlre npe HeJmrnnt uepl{oA B

IIpeAna Asur u Enpona. Te ca c EtrcKa npoAyxrnBrocr, Eo [opaAE He[prqlrpqtrBocrra cf, xTlM

xJruMarsqHrrre I| rroqBerrHTe ycroBH.s ca npeAnorlnrana KyJrrypa B ApeBlrocrra. 3apaxn BncoKara cH

rr3ApbxJrnBocr r{ cyxoycrofrs[Bocr re u AEec ce orrnexAar B HtroR BncoKorulanlracxrl E 3acy[ulnBspafionr. Mexara mueHrrqa e Br{coxoupoAyKTr{Brra n Arlec 3aeAEo c TBbpAaTa IIIUeHIIqa e OCHOBEa

xrITEa KynTypa 3a qoBesecrBoro.np6r panme EeoJu{T Asara BrrAa JrrrMer$ ca orurer(Aalrf, B cMec,er noceB, xaro o6muoBeEo

npeo6niaaran ABy3tpHecruflT. B uarepna.rrr{Te or Cnarnsa re ca r npn6mranTeJrlro e.4raxBngLorgoureguf,, xaro B pa3Jrf,suure 3bplroxpaEl{JrErqa upeo6na,4ara wln e4xo3}pHecrnar, *rJrE

.4By3tpgecrxcr nnMerl. Bepoxrno roBa ca rroceBl{ or pa3rnqu[ El{B!l. ,{uropacr.nqarael6o3bpgegxafr;.y1a upn6nnsnreluo eAEaxBo yqacrlre c JIRMeIIIrre. He uoxe Aa oe nplreMe' qe rs rrr e3aruloBtBiula - naft-seporrHo ca orrJrexAaHrr gbBMecrlto, yra3alrne 3a roero ca II cpaBErrreJrlroeApure 3bprra Ha eAno3tpneuxara. Mexara iluenlrqa B 3lplroxpaululrrqa l, 3, 5 n 9 reporrxo e

nptrMec B J11rMerroBrrre uocesn. Ho uareprraJlar or 3tpnoxpanuJlntrIe 12 pxsro ce orJrtrrlaBa orocragaJrrrre rre caMo no Qopuara u pa3Meplrre Ha 3tpnara, Eo n no cboruorrreunero Ea pa3lrHqHle

BrrAoBe xrrrntr xynrypu ^(r-a6a. XI$. Eryrscrsexo B Horo muenullara He e cMecBana c 6o6onn

pacreggr. 3rpnara i ca e.upu n c upu6rnrcr{TeJlllo eAEaKBu pa3Mepu, xoero roBoprr 3a AEJrro

ryJrrr{Btrpaue rr orrJrexAane Bbpxy [noAopoAn[ norlBu E IIpr ao6pu Kr[MarnqHH ycJloBnt.Brguoxxo e ra3[I mueHr{qa Aa e oTrnexAaEa cneluturHo, oTAeJrIro or Apyr[Te noc€Bu, Ho lro-BepofTHo e Aa e Aolre€eHa or APYrO Mflcro.'

B octanaJrure 3tpgoxpaggJrnrrla xr{Toro e cMec€Eo c 6o6osn pacrelrrt, piu}ruqHn rlo BrrAoB

cLcraB H 6:borgor11ernrs. CtBv@Tlroro orrnex,q,aue lra xrrrlrx u 6o6osu ryJITypI{ e HeBa3MoxHo,

cneAoBarengo re Haporruo ca cMecBaHE cre4 npn6npanero ItM or rloJrero. Beporrno ca cMnnaHR

3ae,qrro 3a troBurilaBaue xpaurrenrrara crofinocr na 6paunroro. B ueAaaeqEoro M[HaJro roBa Bce

orqe oe e upaxrl{KyBaJlo f, cpe.u 6rmapnre'' B srpiloxpanirnnure 8 irua qnsra xyJrrypa or eqeMrK. .{nec rofi cJryxfi sa $ypax u aa

npou3BoAcrBo Ha rrsBo, Ho B ApeBuocrra e ynorpe6raaH 3a xpaxa32. Or eqeMnrleuoro 6paumo ne

Moxe .ua ce 3aMecu regro 3a xlr6, Iro Hrxof, HapoIF f, ,ryec ro IttlrIoJI3Bar 3a lraflpaBara Ea

pa3nrqgn xa[fi. Beporruo I{ B MEEiuIoTo e ynorpe6rran tro To3lf Haqun.

i Heiniscb, O. Samenatlas. Lepzig 1955.2 ,{,o6poxoror, B. Ceuena coprbrx Pacrelflrs. M., 1961.. @n.nirr"ronon, M. Cevesa ropuoarrx ImcreEr{il x nx 6nonorrscctrc cBoficrBa. M., 1961.a Bnxpoa, B. .(naruocruvectac-npnnaru alt€Becuxbr. Y-.,. 195?'^5 Schicirigrubcr, F. Mikroskopische Holzanatomie. Zirich, 1978.o A opf, V.-frUUc tiutturpnaozcn aus Bulgaricn. - Jahrbuch der Rom. - Ger. Zcntralmuzeum Mainz, 20, 1913,

t-47.1 J a r nr a n, H. The Origins of Wheat and Barley Cultivation. - In: Papers in Economic Prehistory. Cambridge, 1972'

15-25.

l5l

1

! Xyroacrr[, IL Kynrrypgbre pacrerflir x trx copo,ryrrr- Il., 1971, c.97't A;;;tt;i ir. p""i*..nix vaicpuarx -o-r^npc_5rq1oprlrocxoro

cammtc ,uo c. Kapanoro (Hororaropcro). -Fo.u. Co6.'vrod.-ori.-var. Oar., !4, l%il1%8' lt 3,-79-99.-. ro'Cikelova. E.. E. Sarbinska. Pflanzeffeste aus deI;-bik;i.;;, i:;ii.3;;'biosia. pna"ieoresie aus der neolithischcn Siedlung Kremenik bei Sapareva Banja. -

praehistorica, 8, 1986, p. 156.fi V"o Zeiit. W.. S.'BottEme. Plrnt Husbendry in Early Neolithic Nea Nilomedia, Grcece. - Acta Bot. Neerl.,Studia praehistorica, 8, 1986, p. 156'---- - fr Van Zeiit, W.,

-S.'dottEme. Plrnt Husbendry in Early Neolithic Nea Nilomedia, Grcece. - Acta Bot. Neerl.,

20, 1971, 526-538.--' --'ri.{;y*i;"",3. Kylrrypnrre pacreur lOro-i}ana.ua CCCP no naaeoSorenrcecrsM n@re.qoBagrxM. Kruurxer,

1976, c. 22.t3 Cnxcrar, E. Hc:Topnrecrar reorpaQxr rynsrypnol Qaoprr. n., 1969, c' 94'ra @aopa na HP6. 1. C., 1963, c' 463.15 {nyrucnar, 3. I{nr, csq., c. 38'16 JIniruHsa, f. Kin"typrrxe lracregrt Bmrxxero Bocroxa n IOra llepe,wef, Agsn r VIII-V rllcrle'nerrf,,(.uo

B.e. - Coa. apxeo.norm, 1970, ]t 3, c. 63.tt-ftirrdgs, E., M. i"til.o. fU" Orlginr of Animal and Plaots Husbandry. - In: Papers in Economic Prehistory,

Cambridge, t972, t-13.t0 Xyrorcrrfi, fI. {nr. crr., 103-106.t" eir"yao", ir. Hs;caBaEc Brpxy npcAlrcropf,qecxx 4cy6peucrrrs pacrl{reJrHlr ocrarrq[. - Tp. ra Errn.

nprpo.uorsu. Apyx., 17, 1936, ll0-127.' ' ro Cakiiova, 8., E. Slrbinska. I{rr. crr., c. 159.21 Jlrcxqsxa, F. I{nr. clr., c. 64.22 Xyroacrnfi, fI. IIrr. c-r.t., l19-121.23 Curcxax, E. IInr. ctt., c. 94.2. llrcxqH;a, flff. drir"o""". Ila.neoerxo6oraErqccxlc Ha,(o,uxr na EarrrascroM noJryocrpol€. - Studia

praehistorica, 4, 1980, c. 24.2s HoPf, M. I{rr. cgr., t9-22'16 Deinell, n. Batiy i'"*iog in Soutb Bulgaria from tbe VI to the III Milleonia B. C' Oxford' 1978' ll2-130.t7 IIax rav, 99-lll.rs gaxaloru, E., E. Eoxsltosa. Pagrnrernu ocraHrl{ or ccjrlruFara MorlrJta Ao rPaA Parxroso. -

Hurcp.4rcqxnJrnnaplrf, r3cneApafitrt, 7--4, 19,81, 77-88.- 2q Jlscnquna, I.. I{rr. cn., 60--{1.

30 .f,nyrnerrr, 3. I{xr. cl'1., c. 107.3r Jlnirqsra, 1., JI. Osrrnosrq, I{rr. crr., c. 15.r2 ApxayAo", H. np*,oc 3a r3J raaage Ha sP€,q{cropxqecxrrs roro3apnesr eqeMxr. - foA. CoQ. ynrr.

Euor.-reon.-ieorp. r[ar., 48, [952-19 53/ 19 5r-l95r'.' 7 J-85.

APXEO3OOJIOTIIqHI4 NPOYTIBAHI,I'I HA OCTAHKI,ITE

OT OAYITATA B XI,TJIHItrETO

Ocrasxu're or Qayxara, rraMepenu B ronrMoro palrHoneoJrrlTso xuJtltlqe or upancropuqecxo-To oeJrrrrqe Crarnsa n Co$ur, aa6porBar o6lqo 16l $paruenra or rocrrr r qepyrxu or MI{AI{.

Brnperr Manxoro cI{ roJruqecrBo re uMar 3lratr[TeJrlra rrayqua crofisocr, Taft,raro ocreoJrorrlrrrlreMarepr{aJrn or pannoueoJrrrrrrn o6exrn y Hac ca cpaBErreJIEo Maro6pofu. Ocses roBa1;3cJreABaE11Te ocrarrru ca c66panlr caMo or rrlollpa Ira xl{Jrnlqero. noJryqes[Te fipf, tr3cJreABalrero

AarrEn ca BaxHtr, 3arqoTo Bx,3 ocHoBa Ha rtx ce n3rpax,qa [peAcTaBa 3a xpaHelrero Ea o6urate;rnreEa eAHO XOHXpCTRO XrflI{Iqo or paEEI{c HeoJrr{Tr.

Ocrarsu;re or OayHara c; 6n.nn pasupbcnartr uo uoAa Ea xlrJrntrIero2. r{esrorara Ha

xocTxTe u MEArrTe Ha e.ryEr{qa flJrotrI e MaJtra - 1,39 6por xa I xr. u flptr IIJroIq ra xrurl{IqeTo117 rs. M. ToBa [oKa3Ba, qe [o-rorsMara qacr or xpaHr{TeJrIrI{Te orrlaAbqr ca H3xBbpJItrrII BT'H or)KEJIIiIItrCTO I{ CAMO MIUIKA qACT CA OCTAHAJIH B HEI'O.

Ananxsrr noxa3Ba, rre KocTETe [peAcraBJrf,Bar ocraEKH or M@IraTa xpaEa Ha HaoeJreHr{eTo.

I{enn rocrn Jrf,rrcBar. 3anatennre ca caMo rrtronKo Sananru or trptcrrrre Ira eAplr_ nDgxtrBE}r -roBeAa. Hrrva gbMrrenrre, qe Mecoro rra )KrrBorlrure e noAJrarauo lra rynnnapna o6pa6orxa. flo'TpyAHo e Aa ce Kaxe AaJrrr e BapeHo HJrII reqeHo. CsnHara tlpa_ruerrrpaEocr Ea MaTepaara HII

xaBexAa r{a MI{qbJrTa, qe xopaTa ca npeAnoql{TiurE BapeEO Meco. 3a Ta3[ IIoJI pa3JlnrlEfiTe qacT[ Ha

TcJIoro Ca pa3qIeEtrBAHu Ha M:IJTKI{ nopqlru, rOuTO ca yAOoIry 3a xoHcylllaqfis 14' @ BMegTBar B

rreroJreMrrre rtyxuercKn xepaMnqnll cbAoBe. 9pes napenero ce E3BrrIar MaxcRMaJrEo Kor[qecrBoxpannTeJrnu BerrlecrBa rr oco&Ho KoJraren I{ Ma3HI{HI{. Pagcrlsarlt ca BcI{{Krt xocrrl H lrafi-MnoroTe3E, tror{To fiMar Kocrerr Mo3tK. llopann roBa Ape6ntrTe naprlerlla or A{aQq3I{Te lra AIJITHTeTpb6ecr[ Kocrrr oco6eno rrpu roBeAara ca usoro - 40. Oruocnrenno Bacoxutr 6pofi rra Ape6Hr{Te*'"ctrrn Sparr"renruera B xlrJrstrInara nJroq'Moxe Aa c€ o6flcm c EecrapareJmoro i noqncrnase.OqesuAgo cneA xpaneue or xzJfl{rqero ca c66npam Ir Ir3xBbpJrtHI{ EaB}Ir flo-eAptrTe xocrrr, a

Ipe$Hure Kacrlera no-qecro nonaAa.flu Ha rroga n ocraBaJrl{ TaM. 3a cnequaJrlru uoxBarr fi KlaIIgqHarexsrga np11 pa3$acoBrara Ea rpyna Ee Moxe Aa c€ roBopn. HaArtxsoro pa3cf,qaxe rra rpyna rro

r52

rpb6xarlnnt crbJl6, KaKBoro ce npaxruryBa cera, He 6EJro r{3[oJBBaHo. Pascnqancro craBiuroycnopeArro ua rpr6navrurl cru6, Ho npe3 pe6para. flo upeureuure rrflMa cJre,ry or EaAJrbxHnpa3peru. flo rsx EMa MrroxecrBo cqyflBamr. Pas4po6enu ca cbrqo qepenfiTe rr AoJrrrHTe rrerrocrx.Pagcnqauu ca u rocrlt, oxoJro xouro aMa Miurro Mexlt TaxaEtt, fiarBHTo ca Merano.ufltre. TesHqacru or rfioro rMar rIo-MaJrKa xpanureJrrra ctofinocl, rrfi xaro raM c€ EaMEpar tIpeAfiMaocyxox[r[s, HepBr{ H xpsBoHocEH cL,(oBe.

@ayxara B xl{Jlrlrqero e rlpeAcraBexa c l l xssornrcxr{ BnAa: roBeAo, oBrla, xo3a, cBnur, eJrex,

ryp, Ar{Ba cBurls, 6o6rp, rrrilqa, tvrrr.qr rr pu6a. BxgoBrrrr gEcrar na rfaynara rro roJrnqecrBoro Harocrsre n 6por Ea unAnBr{gre, or xorrro trporr3xoxgar, e upeAcraBeE Ha ra6n. XX[V. Bra6r. XXV e rroriltano prcnpeAeJrer{Hsro f,a rracrnTe or crersra no Br{AoBe xEBorEr{. MatrororoJrnqecrBo Ha Mareplrula npaB[ IreBb3MoxHo u3BJmqauero lra apryMenTnpasu o6o6qemrc eacroflalrcrBoro, Eo AaBa npeAcraBa 3a xpauara ua oGnrarerurre. CrrqespeMenno ce ua6ruoganarE ror ulrrepecru TeIrAeHr{HH, Kof,To ca B ynncor c pe3ynrarrre or Ipyrf, HeoJrrrrlru o6errR,E3CNCABAHtr B OCTEONONTIIHO OTEOIUCHNC.

O6nrareanre Ea H3cJreABalroro xuJrr{rqe y.qoBnerBopsB:utrr Eyxlurre cR or xuBorrrncrn xpaxnilIaBIIO 3a CMeTKa Ha .4OMarIrHtrTe XEBOTIIf,.

Ta6nnqa XXIV

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l0 Parronxs r npoysBan[r, rs' 25 153

Foeedo, Kaxto B xlrJlnulero, TaNa R B colrAaxure rpaft nero raft-unoro6pofirur caocrasrkrc or AoMarlno ron€Ao, B xlmrqEro ca lraMepemr 99 Kocruu Qparr'renra, flpuHa,4rrexautrrMuHnMyM na 4 nngnnnna. C M:urKH n3xrloqouut BcI{qxE Te ca crumo pasgpoGenra x{ npeAcraBrsBarqagm or pa3ruqnu orAen[ Ha cxenera. Karro ce BIDr(Aa or ra6n. XXV, naft-]rsoro ca ilapqerara orqepena, pe6para, nperrrneunre n .rfr.tfivre rpt6ecrn xocrr'i. @panrenrnpantrcr MarepnaJr Hetro3BorcBa Aa ce rrarrpaBxr 4ocrartqno roffiqecrBo lr3Mepuawnr ga Aerafinna uropSonoruvnaxapaKT€pf,crrrxa Ea roBeAoro3. flpu e.ryx QparueHT or ronarxa safi-uamara rlllrpflrra na urs&rarae 58 uu, Eafi-ro.fl-tMara lrnrpuna rra craBEI{t rpafi - 7l uu, a Atrrxfirrara Ha craBrrara noBbpxxocr

- 57 MM. Tps paMenlrtr Kocrlr uMar llraptrEa Ha craButrr BaJrrx 90, 77 a 77 t"u tr rnilprrna EaI{rLr|anHmA rpafi crornerso 103, 90 s 90 uv. Ha roJrrM rrrnqflJr e rBMepeEa npoxcnMaJrHa rutrpmra103 trcr.l E ,qlfcriurlla uruprrua 59 uu. Illupnuara Ha I0rcrarsnfl, xpafi na e,qEa npe,qga rro.{KrmroBaxocr e 62 t*t, a Ea eAlra 3aAHa noEufiona Kocr - 56 rr.rrvr. O6utoro Bnerrarneril{e or xocTgtrtMarepla:M F xl{Jrnlqero e, qe eAplrsr porar qo6rmrx or C.narnna trMiur cpeApr pa3Mepu, ror{ro caxapaxreplrf, n 3a Apyru panrroueoJn{ru o6exrn n 6rmapcxnTe 3eMEa. E,ryncmemtrr EaMepeH portrplraaA"tlexu Ha eApo xHBorIIo or npI{MI{r€HeIr rrrn. Toqnara uEAIrBsAyaJTEa B63pacr, Ha rorrro eay6nrn xuBorrrr{Te, € TpyAEo Aa ce ycraxonu, rtfi xaro runcBar rleff{ qeJrrocrr{. flo sanrsrasro Haelqlilr EecMeHeH qerBaprl{ Mrerren rrpeaKbrEnr Ea AoJrEa qeJrrccr Ir EecpacrraJr yqaqrbx sa €,qtrandtsa xocr Moxe AL e;e rB6p,m, se troxe eAEr or EqIFBtrAnre e Ea Br3pacr noA 3 roruxx.Oqrasarmre xocrf, ca or B63pacrgtr I{EryBIrg. Komr or cbBceM MraIF xsBorrrn B xnJrrrrqeroJtr{ucBar. Cregorarenuo elprrrr porar .qo6urar Moxe aa ce pa3AeJrrr na 2 nrspacroBn rpyrrr -troApacrBaum rr Inpacnium xHBorEE. O6rrargrsre Fa xgJrrrrqero rnrroJr3BaJrrr Ee caMo M@oro EroxnTe, Ho rro Bctra BeporTHocT E MJrfioTo Ha rpaBtrTe.

flpednu npectcusHu. Orrpurr ca 38 rocrn or ape6mr Epexr{Bnu - oBqe r{ Ko3tr, Korrrotrp[naAte)Kar Ea Ee rIo-MaJIro or 4 I{H.qrBHAa. Hamnpar ce qacru or norrrn Bcnqxr{ orAeJru Eacxenera - ra6n. XXV. 3saqnreruo e xoJrtrrlecrsors r{a AoJrssre qerrocru. L{erm xocru JrnncBar.O6qoro Brr3yrlJrl{o BneqarJrenrre e, qe ape6nxre ilpexuBrrrd E€ c€ orJmqaBar c rotreMu pa3M€ptr.Hanponrr, te 6nnn Ape6Hrr Ha pacr. Brsvoxso 6enre Aa ce rnMeprr car"ro nafi-uanKara rrrupfirra Ea,ura$rsata Ea roJrrM r[ilqrJr, xorro e 13,5 MM, R nporcnMaJrEara rrmpr{Ea na 3a,ryara rroAXi{TKa -18 utr,t. ,,{ra ungnorga rpnlragrexar KGM B}3pacroBara rpyra rra Mnalprre xrrBorur{, a Apyrr{Te ABaca rrM n3pacnrulrrre. flo scf,.rxo u3rne)KAa, qe nouyraqnrra Ea oBrlere or C;rarnsa e orAaBHaAoMecrlrr$tpana n Sopurpana B p$ynrar Ea Mnorocrpaurroro arrrpo[oreur{o arsqeficrBue Blpoqeca Ea AoMecrrxarumas.

Cewtn. Komrqecrsoro lra rocrnTe or cBIrHt e He3naqmeJrno - cauo 9. Te npnnaglexarraTo Mmlf,lvfyrlt ga IBL IIH.[I{Bn,r{a. ocrarrnre ca cEm{o sparueurupaHu. Tosa Moxe ga ce o6rcrur cTpouu[rBocTTa r nopbo3rrocTTa Ea cBrrscxuTe xocTrr, a cbirlo c MnaAaTa BrSpacr Ea xHBoTrrtrTe.Orrpurr ca ilapqera xarro or AoJrErl geJrlocrf,, TaKa E sr rrpegrrn rr 3aAEH rpafiruurn. TetrpuIIaAJIeXaT HA CpaBrrETenHO Mna,@ XEBOTHA, eAEOTO OT KOUTO e BAB Bb3paCTOBaTa rpyuA HaMJIa.ryTe, A BTOpOTO - Ha [OApaCTBarrInT€.

He ca orxpETH ocraHXR or xyqe.fiueu ucuaomau. flnrinre 6oga^finsqfi ca fip€Acrauenu or 4 xnsourcxrr Errla - Typ, eJren,

.u{Ba cBalrr n 6o6rp. Or ncern BnI B Marepr{aJla riM& rro eAEa xocr. Or rypa B n{uurquocT e caMoeAHa rrbpBa [pbcrqoBa rocr. Oqeanqno rofi e KilBsJr n CoSnftcxoro noJre. Karra BBB Bcf,qrutEeoJrFTEn o6errn, TaKa Lr s Clarasa ro-ff uprrrmqtur BEr{MaIrue.To IIa xopara rro pagxlrqnunpnrnrnT. Hamrqnero Ea e.ura xocr or Hero AoKa3Ba caMo npucbcrnagro My, Eo Ee xapax:r9pfr:-tlaf)atronynaqxrra. Hauepen e Qparrr.rerrr or r"rerauoArfi Ea ereu; *la xc,#rs se Morar A* f€ narrpflBrrf,3MepBanuc. Taxa KoncrarnpaMe rtpncbcrBnero Ea roBa xnBori{o E perrlotra. Ocrarrure #T,q{BacBIrEfl ca eAEH or xafi-qecro cpeqaHuTe apxeo3oororuqecKu naxo,qras. B xururqero or eaarsna eorrpuT caMo elxs Aonefi peerl or .rrnBa cBuur. Tof, e fiail{epex B eAno 3rpnoxparnmrqe.Haanstrero na roBa xr{Borllo B oxoJllrocrffTe Ha ceJrrflqero Ee npeAr€BnxBa gbMrrenue. FoncMararuracrrrqsocr r{ npucrroco6seuocr Ha ro3rr xHBorlIHcxH BrrA My rro3aomBa.[a flplrcbcrsa n mic-raraua $aynara or pa3[nrrHx reorpa$cxu rurrpauu [ 3orru. B uareprala e orxprrra n eplna Kocr or6o6rp. Or,qllSora ApeBHocr Aocera rofi e curxran sa rBbpAe rIeEHo xuBorrro. florsara or Eero epa3rrocrpansa. Mecoro My ce n3rroJr3Bauro 3a xpaxa, & xoxara e BncoKo rIeEeEa a ynorpe6rBana 3ao6rexro rr pasMtnae. Brsr.doxrro e HeofiHTrioro HaceJrenue Aa e r{3non3BaJro g*uro 6o6poBaracrpyx, xorro ce cMsrara 3a yHuBepcaJrHo neKapcrBo H B upeAcraBr{Te rra Hr{KOr{ IpeBHri Eapo.4rrMaJra Marnqecrn csofic-rsalo. B uarepuaJra or xnJrrrrrlero s Crarnna ce Havrupa caMo elurnQparr'rerr or ropua qenrocr rra Bb3pacren ItrIArrBHA. Ocramn or 6o6rp ce cpeqier r{ B Apyrutrpaxcropf,qecrr o6exrn y Hac. 9ecro roBa ca xocrr{ Ea xpafi'HtrrltrTe, oKoJro Kff}rr* sMa noBeseMeco.

Mex,uy MarepnaJra orrprD(Me.rycraJren Qparuenr or rap3oMerarap3yc Ha nrr{qa, snfiro sx,[6e sesrghroxno Aa ce onpeAenx. flpoqerrur Ha rrTrrrtrTe xocrr( B [patrcroprrqecKtrTe o6exrn e

t54

Ir3KJrIorIIfreJrHo Miurtxr l. floRcxora re Morar Aa rroua.UEar cnyrafiuo lra reptrTopf,tra Ha ceJlf,Iqero.Ha.mqflero Ea ra3u xocr Mex,e/ Apymre xpaHrreJrrrH orna,qllu Bbpxy rroAa Ea xrrJrf,rllero MoxeAa ce cMrra ra 6eocnopno Aoxa3areJrcrBo 3a roncyMar$ffia Ea nflnre ueco. Hauepelm ca cblqo 9qepymf, or peqnu rrxA5. Te npnsaArexar rlM poAa Unio. 4ouerero or rtx ca Harltouem. Hcronca- r,rnoro Abe6nr n flpruraAJrexar rra MJra.w r4urpnAg. Orrpnra e e4lra rocr or pu6a, qE To

BriAoBa [psHa.4tlexlr@T e lreolpeAeJrl{Ma.Mairoro roJrrrqecrBo Ea ocreoJronilnilu MareprraJr rlo3BoJrtBa Aa ce ga6enexar caMo Efrrolr

TeaAerr4rrl, 3acrrarqE cTenenTa na pa3BrTne n cTpyrTypaTa Ea Xf,BoTEoBLACTBOTO I{ JrOBa.

ApryltenrnpaEr rBBoAs 3a Te3I( xf,3HeEoBaxEu orltacrl{ B rrorroMuKaTa Ea ApeBHoro lrac€Jlerlxe

MOraT Aa Ce HanpaBflT e.qBa cJrel qrJrocTEoTo trpoyqBaEe IIa MaTepnaJIRTe oT c€JrI{IrIeTO.

IfpenaapxreJrEr{Te eE,eAeHAs, xorrro uoJD rtrxMe, cB[AereJlcrBar, rle KaKTo B peAruIa ApyrEpagrrogeonr{Turr cemilqa, Taxa rr Tyr x[BornoBrAlrara Aef,noct npeo6lagaBaJla EaA JIoBa.()rr.rrexgagn ca upe.quMgo npexnBgr{ xrrBor roBeAa, oBrle lr rosr. TaKaBa Eacoqenocr IrMaxtrBorrroB1AcrBoro E B perorqa Apyr[ HeoJrETHf, o6erru y nacr2. Xmensre sa Crarrra E3BrrqarnMaKcrrMaJrIIa rroJl3a or AoMalrrurrre xuBorHI{. BrspacroBHtr rIM cbcraB uoxa3Ba, ge e lcrron3BaHoMJtflKoro na npe6mre u eApnre trpextrBnrr. Ma;rroro xocru or roBeAa Ire [peAocraBtr npexf,ocreororrqlili Aora3areJlcrBa 3a rn[or3BaHero EM xaro Bllperarlil{ xHBorHu. He nsxrlosrar"reBb3Moxgocrra 3a n3noJr3Banero ra Qnsnuecxa;ra.frM cma. Tora Moxe Aa e craBaJro rro pa3rnqnnEatrEHIt, xolrro e rpyAHo RJtr{ rreBr3MoxEo Aa ce ycratloBtr uop$onorrrlecKa - EarrpltMep EoceEe

na roBaprr, Ternene rr r. E. Koraro Qnsrrecrure saroBapBalrnr Ee ca nPoAbJrxtrTeJIIrg mrlr ca cEeAocraraqna RHTeE3ItBHocr, B rocrrre He EacrtnBar BTTAITMI{ rBMeHeIIHt. Tora o3navaBa, rle aroxr{Borrroro e u3rroJnBaHo or BpeMe Ea BpeMe ga HflrarcB rng pa6ora, crc cLBpeMeHIrIme

uop$olorrqnu Mero.qt He MoxeM Aa ycranoBnM ToBa. 3a apxeolo3nTe e Baxuo,qa 3lraflT, rle Aopf,Aa rraCTbIIf,T f,3MeEenlI.s B CreIeTa OT ClloTer"rmr QuSuUeCKI{ yC}InHt, Te Ca nPnAO6nrl II Ee Ce

npeAaBar rro Hacxe.ucrso. Kaxro n Crarnna, TaRa u B .(pym HeoJrItrIrIr o6errn ca orrnex,qanuroJrrM npoqerrr Bt3pacrxn roBeAa. Brsuoxno e ocBel{ Mecoro, MJrtxoro !( Ap. Aa e rr3noJBBana I{

Trxrrara Suurrecxa cuna. BtrpacroBnffT cLcraB Ea cra.4ara e xocBen apryMeuT B rroAl(pena Ha ro_Ea.

B x11ngulero e orxpnro roJrfiMo xoJruqecrBo 3bpno. Beporruo pacrexf,eBbAerBoro e 6nno ao6pepillBgro. flpnpoarulre E xJmMarurrHure Aa.[enocrtr cb3.UaBium -6laronpnrrnn ycJIoBEfl 3a roBa.Tpyano e Aa ce xaxe rofi or ABara orpacbra e 6nrt BoAeIII. Hafi-repoerno xnBornoBtAcrBoro IlpacreHrreBrAcrBoro ce pa3BI{BaJII{ yCnOpe,4EO.

Kocrsnrr Marepr{aJr or xsrErqero e rilrrepecerr c roBa, qe AaBa [peAcraBa 3a MeEIoro Ira elFoxomperrro cei"reftcrro nmr rfauurnns. Ees cbMneEne rro onucanr{ B Jfirreparypara npuqnnrrroJrEqecTBoTo Ea KocTrrE MaTepsar, AocTr{rEaJr Ao u3cneAoBaTeJlt, e cuJIHo pelryqnpaHo. floparoTOBa OTTXTI{ AA e H3qncIE XOJu|q@TBOTO rra MecoTo, roHcylrffpaHo oT e,4{II xuTeJI, Cil

E€cbcrorrgJtrru" Koraro ce onpeAens 6novacara, or 3lraqenxe ca He a6conrorrnrre crofinoqru sx[norpaMg, a npoqexTxure grornorrrennr MexAy 6nouacnre Ha orAeJIIrETe BtrAoBe xuBorEE.Analngrr na r"raiepualure or xr{Jrurqero noxa3Ba, qe x[Boruncrlrre xpaxu ca xa6anf,Frr npe.urMlro3a cMer1a sa 6os-afiEtrr{HTe. flrnqero ueco, pn6ure u MnuFTe ca pa3uoo6pasxaaln uostroraMegroro. .{entr nM s o6uurt xpannreJren 6ananc e Hurqoxen. .{urnre x[Bornrr ca nPeAcraBeur{ cIIO e.qHa xocT oT Bcexu BItq, H To oT TaKuBa qacTg Ea TfioTo, oKoJro xollTo rlpalfff,qecxr IItMa M@o.

@alarrara or ryp e eKcrpeMHa qagr, Kocro He e rBKJrroqeEo Aa e IIorIaAEiLIIa B xuJl{utero c Koxararra xgBorgoro. 516rr or rlrman e noJroxeH BepoflTro pnryaJrno B 3bplroxpaurlJrrulero. IIo roguEaq11g AoMaruEI{Te xrrBoral{ ca ocEoBeE lr3TorrnlrK Ha xrBorlrscxa 6noN{aca. Tosa Jlttqf, f, oranaJrrrga rra Macara Ha rocrr{Te. 3a rcrqrn 6ogafisnur rr e 6,5 rr. Or rtx Ha luBlme ce naAar eABa

2%. Faanpege.neHrrero Ea Macara sa KocrETe MexAy AoM,lruIrRTe 6ogafisnqn e rBbpAenoragarelio. Hafi-rucox e nefimrrr npoqer{T npr{ roBeAoro - 93,72, cJI€A ToBa npn 4pe6lrnrerrpexnBgg 4,4OoA tr Ha nocne.ryo Mrcro upf, cBnsrra - 1,88%. Trf, xato creJlerbr npeAcraBJrf,Ba

cpe.Uro 9-10% or reuroro na rs6poenrre BEAoBe AoMaIIIHff xt{Borrrq, oqeBnffo e, re 6nouacarac€ 3ana3Ba B ropnnre gborrronenr{r. KoncylrupaHo e uraBuo roBexAo Lreco. Csuncxoro Meco

cnopeA Tc3tr Aanuu c 6n:ro oxoJro ABa rrbru [o-MaJrKo or roBa xa_gpe6nure rrpexlrBxn - oBIIere Rxognre. Eror,racara Moxe Aa ce E3rrr{cJrn r{ Br3 ocaoBa na 6por Ha I{H,uEBIr.uttel3. CnopeaEroxrouu, flu,uournr.tro n ,qp. cpelEara 6nouaca Ha eJ[rH IrErurBuA or AaAeH BIilI Moxe Aa HaMepIrqrrcrex IBpa3 raro cborxotueuue cnprMo ocraEaJrnre xlrBorurrcxrr BluoBe. lla.rlrcrelra tto ro3llEarrxrr, 6nbuacara, [on)rqega or roBeAara, ce orsact cupflMo gpe6rnre npexl{Blru xarro 28:4.Cnnncxoro Meco € ABa nbrn rlo-MaJtro or roBa na .upe6rume npexrrBlrrt. Taxa ctorEolueHlreroMexAy Mecoro or roBerara, gpe6nme [pexrrBEu Ir cBgnere e l4:2: l. Togn gncnen Ir3pa3, Maxap rrnpn6lnsnreJrer{, e [o-[paBAono4o6eu, rrfi raro 3a rerroBntrs MeroA MarepnaJrbr e rBlpAe MaJTEK

u rrpr no-go6pa chxpanf,eMocr rra roBex,qrre rocrlr B cpaBnexne c ocran{urnre 6nouacara Ha

roBeAoro ner"rxryertrde 3aBrrulena. HegasncuMo tro rofi sasfiE e n3qrrcJrena, 6nouacara, noJlyqenaoT roBeAoTo, e MEororparso no-roJuMa oT Apyn{Te xuBoTIIIrCKn BIIAOBe' B3eTE 3ae.UIO.

155

Crcranr Ha pg.Bara n AoMamnara Qaysa xBrprc cBerJrnrra Bbpxy exoJrorrqe{xarao6cranotra, I rocro xrrBeeJro EaceJrexlero Ha nparcroplrqecroro ceJrnqe C.naflrua. BoxoJrnocrnre My rep€Err e cpaBurrreJilro paBeu, Iro B 6rnrocr ce EaMEpa e.ryo or safi-roreMnTeBt3Buruerrur na Co{uficKoro none. Bepo{mo B MIrHaJIoro repelrbr e 6lu o6.uacu Ira Mecra c ropn,xouro ca noAxo.qflrlo Mrcro ga o6rrasaue lra eJreua, Typa f, rJrIIraHa. Bncoxrrr [poqeuT HaroBeAara n ape6rrre upexnBnf, cBurerercrBa, qe f,MiIJIo Ee3aJIeceEE IrJIou$ rt ilaculqa. Te caseo6xoAnua upe.qEocraBra 3a rnxpauBaue rra cra.uara or re3n xlrBorgrr. flo Harnrqrero Ha ocragruor 6o6rp, cpaBnsrenno eApH py6u y qepyrtrn or lranAg Moxe Aa ce [peArloJrara, se Craruscxarapera, Ha qnfiro nrr 6prr e pa3rronoxeno cerrtqero, 6nna 3ItatMTeJrHo no-rlaJrlroBoAna rr c no-uocrorxes Ae6rr, ofioJrxoro cera. floAxoAtlqo Mflcro aa 6o6pnre 6nnn o6paorrte 6perore nap€xara. Ham,rqnero na pn6n n Mn.ry e cBrAerercrBo, qe 3a pa3rrra or cera BoAr{Te na Clarnncrarapera 6unn qr{cru, rrfi raro npeAcraBnreJrrre Ea po4a Unio o6sranar Ee3aMbpc€Hlr peKI{ clecawrrrBo RII{ [egbqJurBo-THII@TO AIEO.

! Hxgos, JI. Uenr E ocHoBFs saAaqr npfi [3yqalase rra xlnornucrf,Te rocrlr or apxeonornecrn o6exrx. -Hrrep.urrcwm.rnxaprn n3crreADaxnr, 14 A, 19E6, 259-266..- 2 3a aro6oriocrra, c rotro Mn 6rxa upeAocraB€rrr rocrrlr{rr Marcltsar s xeo6xoAxl'orre cl€.qelrxt, rBxa:rBaMcbp.ucrrra 6;raroaapxocr Ha Eay.urnfl pbroBo,qnTen Ea apx@Jlorrqecxm o6err x.x^n. B. Hnroaos.- 3 Bcrqrr nivepraxxr ca EarrpaB€Irtr tro Mero,Errrara na A. Qon 4cx ,(puru'

a Co6srsem rrcneasagnr Ea ocr€oJromqnrre MareplraJru or Eneunrrqa, Kpcvexrr, qaB,uap, CauosoAcre,Orvaporo - ropara, Koaauero x gp.- 5 Oco6ex lnrrep€c npeAcraB[rBa EzrMep€Eara qacr or qepetr xa 6crpora orqa. Tasx HiD(oAra oe orEact rbM paHHEt

H€oJIgr, rro e orxprrra II3rrH xnttrIqero. Jlnncara Ba llora nplr oBqere e I{3aDBpcSro pulro tJneHf,e 3a ra3rr enoxa. B gpyrnHeorlTnrr o$erni y Eac rre e omtcara 6eopora osqa. EAxoapeMelrxo c rora rpr6aa Aa or6elexrn4 {e rrprr AruETe oBqe,

Maxap n rorurroqr{Te.lno ptso, ce sa6JuoAaBa 6crporocr. C .qolrecrmaqrsra roEa tBJresre ce 3acrurBa. Culta ce, qe

6crp&ocrra c Myrar[i& .rldro npoucrr HapacrBa E pcr'iyJrrar r|a npoAbnxrreDroro x rleJreHa@qcflo rL3Ae[crBEe Ha qoBcra

Brpxy Hrxor or AoMocrf,qrrpasrre xf,Borxncrf, BHIoEe xaro roBeAo, oBqa s xo3a. HarnqRero i ce cnrpsra c tro-Earrp€AnnJrcri,uif, Ha AoMecrxrarsr. B rrpaxcropr.lecrrre enoxn 6crporara oBqa e roncrarlipana 3uaturreJrno tro-rxcno - trp€3

e1166Ju11a r Oarapoao. Tora rsaeurre ce sa6ruoAaaa I tro-urPorr uarqa6s trp€s tro-rEplotre erloxrr f, B gbBlrcMclrnocrra.6 Kyrero i neroro AoMarggo xnBorrro, xoero ce cpenla BtB EcEqrE H@Jnrrrrs o6errn y nac. floxmora ro 6nno

tr3rloJr3Bano tt 3a rpaxa. Ecs ctMxerure ro c orrJrex,qano E or xf,TeJurre na C.tarrnra. Jlxncara tra ryqeturIl xocrn B

xr{Jrrrulero Moxe Aa oe AlJDrur xa 2 npnvrorr: MaJrroro xoJr[qecrBo Ea Marepl{aJra I JIrt orgLcrBuero Ba ryqenrxo Mcco orMerroro na o6rrareJurc.

? B6k6nyi, S. History of domestic mammals in Central and Eastcrn Eqlop". Budapcsl 1974.s B a c r .n i s, B. Hgcreasase ra Qaynara or c€Jrrru[ra Morrula Oaraporo. - IlnrepAncrurnJuruapnu ngcneAsagxt, 13,

1985, I l-188.e (DeAroruxx, A. Peqxoi 6o6p, ero rrcropsr, xr3gr rr orlbrrH uo pa3Mlloxernro. M., 1935.ro Cro;ron, B. Peqxne 6op6u Cerepxofi Agnr. llrn. MOIII' 1951.rr Tagr oco6exocr ce fla6mo,uasa ms Bcn{xn r{3cJleAB{txt{ B ocreoJrorrqno orltourexne rrpancropxqecrn o6exrx r

Eamapnr rt c[ceAlorre 3cMn.'r2 Ninov, L. Tierknochcn aus der prahistorischen Siedlung Kremenik. - Studia Praehistorica,_8, 1986' 152-155.13 llBauol, Cr., B. Bacnaes. JIoi, xrBornoBBAcrDo x M@Ha xpaHa rra naceJreHr{ero. - B: CeJIIrqHara Mor[Jra

npu Forruo ,{enveao. C., 1975, ?}-80; Bacnrel, B. I{rr. clv.

156

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Crporrerurx MarepriurlrMero,Ercecrx 6exexxr 3a perorrcrpyrqnrra

Crern na rburaraflo,u Ea rtularaTasax n norPtrE Ba rLularafla:reonxonotfic€crx aHaJrE3 Ba rr3rpax.qalrcTo

Kmuar xaro Qaxrop B crpof,Terrlr rlpo€rr

flonparxx x tro,qglPxane Ha f,aluara

III. BbTPEnHO yCTPOfiCTBO (Bacra Hmoroa)

3rpnoxparmxrqaXpoue.nxo cLoplxenre

na xpaxa)firroro6nrsa $toula.qxa (la npnrorrrxefleur . .

Croprxennrc 3a rIetreJI or trelqra

OrxrnqeCroprxexre 3a rlcneJr or omxrrlero

Mrcro ra B€prnxaJIHE TLraqeH crax

Pa6orrumrqa

.{rpreun rIexasrrrXeprrexa ruaMonea Ha xrrnruqe

Crn-crPomeJlsa xePTBavEA-lrlruErvJEc -vr'Hnura r Krrctara crega

IV. IfiCNEABAHE BbPXY H'KOH TPYNH IOABIIXHI4 HAXOAKH

Kpeurren ancau6ut or pa6ornnruuara (I'ilrax faqos)perynrarn oT rpaconorFrecroTo lI3cfieAsase Fa rp€MrqHflTe n3AeJIRfl or pa6ornmrruaTa (HaTaIIrs cxaxyn)'

Tnnonoro-rpacororrq@xg agaJrrr3 na oplAnrra rra rpyAa or xrr:rnrrllroro troMerqexlre (Haranur cxaxyn) ' " ' '

Kepaunrrr cbAole or xllm{slero (Bacr'n Hrxoloa)

Texnrma rta repaMFlHoro llpoa3BoAcrno (llnan Cronnor-Eynrepa) '

V. 3AKJIIOqEHIE (Bacu Hmo.noa)

VI. NPHJIO)I(EIIVTA

5

6

l0

t4

t417

18

2945l56CI

65

65

77

78

80

EO

82

82

85

8688

90

9l9393

99

Il0l102

to'l127

r35

Apxeovanrrrno r3crleABaBe lra xnJrrrulero (Mepu Konaueaa)

Pacrntensn ocTalrrrr or xtrJlrrulero (Enera ,{orera)ApxeoroonorrlrHnnpoyIBaBI'HaocTaExrTeoTrlayuaraBxrtJlfluleTo(JlarapHnxon)

r37

t37lut52

Pegroue Ha EeMcrH egrtx

t62

l5?