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59-71 - 67

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60-90 - - - - -

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- --

K

Wsunggs QA,Q && =x SC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-13)

- -

sunQ&WF-AEK

SCWF-BE

F-AE sunQ& (W/m2)

F-BE(SC)

- -

(Venetian Blinds)

(Roller Blinds) (mm)

-

1

0.95 0.70

0.64 0.64 0.57

0.55 0.55 0.53

0.59 0.59 0.40

0.25 0.25 0.30

0.9

0.83 0.2-0.4

0.57 0.57

0.2-0.3

0.51 0.51

-

0.6 0.6 -

0.25 0.25

-

F-BE(W/m2)FE

7 6

150

- -

395 130

155 - -

90 - -

635 560

15 - -

555 745

- -

45 410 900

- -

90 220

1000

- -

105 -

1025

- 220 90 -

1000

- 410 45 -

900

15 555

- -

745

90 635

- -

560

155 600

- -

345

- -

N E S W

Hor.

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

155 -

1020

- 225 140

- 990

- 420 90 -

980

- 565 25 -

735

55 640

- -

540

120 595

- -

320

45 365

- -

110

N E S W

Hor.

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -

- -

45 245

- -

50

N E S W

Hor.

- - - -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -

- - - -

N E S W

Hor.

- -

.6.2JProduct Load

pQ& KW

K Cooling above freezing

KK

(Qaf) WQaf = m Caf (t1-t2) (kJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-14)

WJ mWFkgE

CafW (kJ/kg oC)F) --(K t1WFoCKEt2 WFoCKE

Chilling Rate Factor CRF

K(Chilling Rate)

K

K

KKW

- -

( ))kJ(

CRFttCm

Q 21afaf= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-15)

W CRFW (5-2)(8-2)

Freezing Load

KW

Qf = m hl (kJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-16)

W hlW(kJ/kg) (5-2)(8-2)

Cooling below freezing K

(Qbf)WJQbf = m Cbf (tf-td) (kJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-17)

W CbfW (kJ/kg oC)F (5-2)(8-2)K tfWFoCFKE (5-2)(8-2)K td WFoCKE

W)W(10

QQQQ 3bffafp

++=& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-18)

W W(s)

- -

oC5oC18 J12 KK

(7-2)W ={ (kJ/kg oC)

=1.76 (kJ/kg oC) = (kJ/kg)

= oC{J =

( ) ( ) )kJ(090,129

1)8.2(531.35000

CRFttCm

Q 21afaf ===

Qf = m hl = 5000 x 247 = 1,235,000 (kJ) Qbf = m Cbf (tf-td) = 5000 x 1.76 x(-2.8-(-18)) = 133,760 (kJ) )W(672,3410

360012760,133000,235,1090,12910

QQQQ 33bffafp =

++=++=&

.6.2J Respiration Heat K

KWJreQ&= m x x 10-3 (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-19)

- -

(W/Ton)F--EK

.6.2J Packing Heat Load

%KK

W)W(10

)tt(CmQ 3iopkpkpk

=&. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-20)

WmpkWFKgECpkW(kJ/kg K)F-E

toW .tiW .

F-E

1.4 2.3 0.5 1.6

0.85 .6.2J Miscellaneous Heat Load

K24

nQ lll

=&x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-2) W

- -

nlWlW(W)

F-EF-E.

24n

Q tpepe=&x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-2) W

npeWtWKF-E

24NZ

Q mmm=& x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-2) W

NmW(motor) mW (Nominal Motor Rating)FWE

ZW(Motor Rating Correction Factor){K

K

= P Q uh&. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-2) W

(W)WP u W0.5 - 0.1)(

= hQ&+ lQ&+ peQ&+mQ&

- -

F-EFE

FWE 97 31 66

117 45 72 JJ 132 59 73 JJ 132 59 73 146 73 73 162 81 81 229 139 81 293 183 110 292 204 88 425 255 170 425 255 170

)2- ( )(

Qt 450 -30 410 -25 390 -20 300 -10 275 -5 250 0 225 5 200 10

.6.2J

K

KF-EK

W

- -

JKJK

K

(W)Z(m3 ) xx(t1-t2) . . . . (2-25) K

.6.2J

%%.

F-E

m3

0.6

0.45 0.31 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.13

3.97 3.57 2.76 2.24 1.96 1.72 1.61 1.52 1.45 1.44 1.37 1.30 1.23 1.16

- - - - - - - - -

3.63 2.56 1.77 1.44 1.25 1.07 1.01 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.86 0.85 0.77 0.71 0.65 0.58

- - - - - - -

0.6 0.85 1.5 2.0 3.0 6.0 8.5

11.0 14.0 17.0 23.0 28.0 34.0 43.0 57.0 85.0

140.0 200.0 280.0 560.0

1400.0 2100.0 2800.0

- -

7.2JCLC V.3 A

.7.21JCLC V.3 A

K CLC V.3 AWCLCCooling Load CalculationV.3Version 3

AArabic ExcelFF-EE

FF-EEKF-E

E(Rows)(Column)IK

.7.22JW K

FE1 FE0FEK G5K

0FE(F26) 1 FE(F26) K 0FEEnthalpy (ho , hi)

voK

K K

- -

C32, C 26, C 25, C 23, C 22F26

K K

K

F-E(U)K

F-E

- -

F-E

- -

.7.23J

JJJJJJJ

FE WJJJJJJ WJJLJJ JJJJJJJJ WJJJJJJJJ

:

F C CEx 6 m15 m x 10 m oC353.4 Km/sK % K

cm cm FFEEcm cm oCK

KFE10 oCKoC{ oC20FKE

WK16FEWK

KKK%F(Chilling Rate Factor{KF=

==(0.4K WCLCv3A

K

- -

L

L

(W)

(W) (W)

(W)

- -

1550 1943 3100

L 1059 0

L 0 1000 1040 800

8810 4375 0 35694

2454

0 0

(W) 64826

(W) 7779 (W) 72605

(W) 87126

24.78

- -

JJJJJJJ

FE WJJJJJJ WJJLJJ JJJJJJJJ WJJJJJJJJ

:

F C C Ex 3m8m x 5m F-E

KoC4m/sK60%FF-EEW 25K K

1.5 KKoC % K

- -

5 m N

8m

F-2E

Qho

to

hi

ti

x3x1 x2

F-E

FEK 3

m2KK

W KWK

WCLCv3 A

%L/s/Person 2K

- -

L

L

(W)

(W) (W)

(W)

- -

0 0 900

L 0 226

L 1184 583 1365 817

0 0 0 0

0 574 0 2564

(W) 8212

(W) 821 (W) 9033

(W) 9033

2.569

- -

KKKKKKKKKK WWL

JJJJJJJJ WJJJJJJJJ FE

WJ CLCV.3 A40

20oC 4oCKF1EK

FE

J CLCV.3 A39oCRH=50%F

20oCRH=50%E2 Litre/s/ person KFEK

FE

- -

KKKKKKKKKK WWL

JJJJJJJJ WJJJJJJJJ FE

WJ CLCV.3 A17.5

15 oC -18oCKF1EK

FE

{

- -

.2J

TUAQw =& W

AWFm2EK UW KW/ m2F-EF3-E

F-KE TW(to-ti) K

toW tiW

LLK

Infiltration (W))(kJ/hand/s)(V10hVQ 3ia, ll&&& =

WV&WFLFEF-EE

hW(kJ/l) FF- A B EE Interchange

(W)101)h(h6060 24

Vn Q 3o

ios

inta, = v&

W nWFF-EE

VsWFm3EhoWFkJ/kgE(Psychrometric Chart) hiWFkJ/kgE(Psychrometric Chart) voWFm3/kgE(Psychrometric Chart)

- -

Ventilation ( ) (W)101hh10

PersonsLnQ 3

oio

3-pv

=

v&

WnpW

Person

sLWFEF-KE

hoWFEFkJ/kgE(Psychrometric Chart)

hiWFEFkJ/kgE(Psychrometric Chart)

voWFm3/kgE(Psychrometric Chart)

ws,Q&W

raws, QQQ &&& += W

aQ&W(Absorbed ) rQ&W(Reflected)

wt,Q&Wws,wwt, QQQ &&& +=. wQ&W

ws,Q&W

sws, TUAQ =& TsFET W

=o

s hI 1.15T

- -

W WFF-EE

IW(W/m2)FF- A BEEhoWFW/m2 KE

WohFK 2m/WEohFEFkg/kJE

KF-E()K

( ))ttUAQ iogg =& W

gQ&W K AgWFm2EK UW K W/ m2F-EtoWtiW

Ksunggs QA,Q && =x SC

sunQ&W F-AKESCWF-BKE Product Load

Cooling above freezing Qaf = m Caf (t1-t2) (kJ)

WmWFkgE

CafW (kJ/kg oC)F--KE

- -

t1WFoCEKt2 WFoCEK

Chilling Rate Factor CRF( )

)kJ(CRF

ttCmQ 21afaf

= W

CRFW (5-2)(8-2) Freezing Load

Qf = m hl (kJ)

W hlW(kJ/kg) (5-2)(8-2)Cooling below freezing

Qbf = m Cbf (tf-td) (kJ) W

CbfW (kJ/kg oC)F (5-2)(8-2) tfWFoCFKE (5-2)(8-2)KE

td WFoCKE

)W(10QQQ

Q 3bffafp ++=&

W W(s)

Respiration HeatreQ& = m x x 10-3 (W)

(W/Ton)F--EK

- -

Packing Heat Load)W(10

)tt(CmQ 3iopkpkpk

=&

WmpkWFkgECpkW(kJ/kg K)F-KE

toW .tiW .

Miscellaneous Heat Load

24n

Q lll=&x

W nlW

lW(W)

24n

Q tpepe=& x

npeWtWKF-EF-EK

24

NZQ mmm=& x

W

NmW(motor) mW (Nominal Motor Rating)FWE

ZW(Motor Rating Correction Factor){K

- -

hQ&= u P

W(W)WP

u W0.5 - 0.1)(= hQ&+ lQ&+ peQ&+mQ&

WJKJF-EK

(W)=(m3 ) xx(t1-t2) K

%%K

K)s.c.Q&(F-EK

- -

1- Trott A.R. and Welch T.C. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 3 rd Edition, Butterworths 2000

2- ASHRAE Fundamentals , 1997

3- Cleland A. C., Cleland, D. J. and White, S.D. Cost-Effective Refrigeration A five day Teaching Workshop. Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massy University, New Zealand , 2000.

4- Dossat, R.J. Principles of Refrigeration, John Wiley and Sons, 1981.

J KKK??K

- -

WK

W

o K o K

W% 90

WW

K K K

W

K K K K FEK

- -

W {J

K

K

K K

FEK

K

K

K

2.3J.2.3J

WK Compressor W (Hermetic)(Semi-Hermetic)

(Open) K (Single phase) (3 phases) K

K K Condenser W

K (Shell and Tubes)

K

- -

K Evaporator W .Dry Expansion (DX) Flooded

Liquid overfeed K K

K K Expansion valve W

K (Thermostatic Expansion valve)

K

.2.3J

W

J Evaporator pressure regulator W K

K K

J Crankcase pressure regulator W

KK

J Capacity regulator W K

(Hot gas bypass valve)KK

- -

J Condenser pressure regulator W K

KK J Temperature Controller W

K

K J Pressure Controller W

(Low pressure) (High pressure) K

K J Oil Separator W

K K

J LFilter/drier W

K K

J Sight glass WFE K

K

(Oil sight glass) K J Check valve or Non return valve W

K

- -

K(Bypass) K

J Shut-off Valve W (Manual) (Solenoid valve)

KKKK

3.3J1.3.3J

(BITZER)K K

K(BITZER)W

J Semi-hermetic Reciprocating compressor KJ Open Reciprocating compressor KJ Semi-hermetic Screw cpmpressor KJ Open Screw compressor KJ CS HSKC J .Condensing Unit J FEWatercooled Condenser (Shell and Tube) K

.3.3J(Bitzer)1JW

- 2FStart E FProgram E FBitzer E F-KE

- 3 Bitzer F-E

- 4

- -

- 5 FCalculateE??(Results)K

F-E

F-E(Bitzer)

Program Recip. Screw Condenser. Extra Help

- -

- 6 K

.3.3J(Compressor Selection)FWE

(Mouse) F- EF-E

R134aKK

F-E

Calculate

F-KE

- -

F-E

F-E

- -

F-EK

Selection of: Semi - hermetic Reciprocating Compressors

W

Input Values:

Cooling capacity [kW] 28 Refrigerant R134a

Reference temperature Dew point temp. Evaporating SST [C] -20 Condensing SCT [C] 35

Liquid subcooling [K] 5FE Suction gas temperature [C] -10FE

Power Supply standard 50 Hz (60 Hz F Useful superheat [K] 100%

------------------------------------------------------------

Output:

Compressor type 6G-30.2Y 6F-40.2Y Cooling capacity 25.4 kW 30.2 kW

Cooling capacity * 25.4 kW 30.2 kW Evaporator capacity 25.4 kW 30.2 kW

Power input 11.23 kW 13.34 kW Current (400V) 22.9 A 33.7 A

COP/EER 2.26 2.26 COP/EER * 2.26 2.26

Mass flow 601 kg/h 715 kg/h Operating mode Standard Standard

F-E

- -

K

F6F-40.2Y E K F-KE

F-3E

WJ FLimitsWE

F-KEJ FDataWE

F-KE J FTableWE

F-KE

- -

F7-E

F-E

- -

F-E

KK

- -

Selection of : Open-Type Reciprocating Compressors W

Input Values:

Cooling capacity [kW]

Refrigerant Evaporating SST [C] Condensing SCT [C]

Liquid subcooling [K] FE Suction gas temperature [C] FE

Coupling(K)/pulley(S) K (S) mm Motor speed [rev /min]

Useful superheat [K] 100%

------------------------------------------------------------ Output:

Compressor type Cooling capacity

Cooling capacity * Evaporator capacity

Shaft power COP/EER

COP/EER * Mass flow

Compressor Speed

F2-3E

- -

Selection of : Semi-Hermetic Screw Compressors W

Input Values:


Refrigerant Evaporating SST [C] Condensing SCT [C] Operating mode

Liquid subcooling [K] Max. Discharge gas temp. [C]

Suction gas superheat [K] Power Supply standard 50 Hz (60 Hz F


------------------------------------------------------------ Output:

Compressor type Cooling capacity

Cooling capacity * Evaporator capacity

Power input Current

COP/EER COP/EER *

Mass flow LP Mass flow HP

Operating mode

F-E

- -

WKRESULTSK

.3.3J(Condensing Unit Selection) FE

F- E K

RESULTS K F4- E K

F-E

- -

Selection of: Condensing Units

Input Values:

Cooling capacity [kW] Series

Refrigerant Reference temperatureFE

Evaporating SST [C] Ambient temp.

Suction gas temperature [C] Power Supply standard 50 Hz (60 Hz F


------------------------------------------------------------ Output:

Cooling capacity Evaporator capacity

Power input Current

Mass flow Condensing SCT

Liquid subcooling Operating mode

F-E

.3.3J(Water- Cooled Condensing Selection)FWE

F- E K

- -

RESULTSKF-EK

F-E

- -

Selection of : Water-Cooled Condenser W

Input Values:


Refrigerant Coolant

Condensing temperature (Dew point temperature)FE

Liquid subcooling [K] Water inlet temperature [C]

Fouling factor [m2.K/W] ------------------------------------------------------------

Output:

Number of passes Condenser Capacity

Condensing Temperature (Dew point temperature)FE

Water outlet Volume flow

Volume flow min. Volume flow max.

Flow velocity Pressure drop

F-E

- -

{J{{J CoolcatDanfoss

(Coolcat s Catalogues)F-E K

FCoolcatEF-EF-KE

F-E(Coolcat s Catalogues)

F-EFCoolcatE

- -

F-EFCoolcatEF-EW

J Thermostatic Expansion valves J Solenoid valves J Pressure and Temperature Controllers J Pressure Regulators J /Filter/Driers J Sight glass J Check valve J Shut-off valve J Oil separator

F-EFCoolcatE

- -

,,J (Thermostatic Expansion Valve Selection)

F- E(Family) K F-E(Setting)K

WGSystem

JRefrigerant JEvaporator capacity JEvaporator temperature JCondensing temperature JLiquid temperature JPressure drop (Liquid lines) JFEPressure drop (Distributor)

GExp. Valve JTemperature range JFEEqualization JValve Body JFEConnection type JConnection size JCapillary length

F-E

- -

F-E (Selection)F-E

F-E{{J(Solenoid Valve Selection)

W

- -

J F-E(Family) J (Setting)

F-E J (Selection)F-E

F-E

F-E

- -

F-E,,J(Pressure Control Selection)

WJ F-E(Family) J (Setting)F-E J (Selection)F-KE

F-

- -

F-E

F-E

- -

J(Pressure regulators Selection) :

J KVP J KVR+NRD J FECPCE KVC J KVL

W

J FKVLKVRKVCFEKKK-E(Family) J (Setting)F-E J (Selection)F-KE

F-E

- -

F-E

F-E

- -

{J Bitzer Coolcat Bitzer Coolcat

WJ J

KKK J J

K

- -

KKKKKKKKKK FE WWL

JJJJJJJ WJJJJJJJJ

FE:

100 kW-24oCK40oC(TDe)6 K=10 K

3oCKF(Semi-herm. Recips 2-stage)KKK

ER404A . .(Bitzer)

JFKE

Compressor type

Evaporator Capacity (kW)

Power Input (kW) Current (A) C.O.P. *

Mass flow rate (kg/h)

FEJ25oC

0.00005 m2K/W FKE

Condenser Type

# of Passes

Water Output Temp. oC

Flow velocity (m/s)

Volume flow rate (min) (m3/h)

Pressure drop (bar)

1.63

FE

- -

KKKKKKKKKK F2E WWL

JJJJJJJ WJJJJJJJJ

FE

WJ80 kW-18oCK

45oC(TDe) , 6 K=6 KKF(Semi-herm. Recips)KKKE

R404A . .(Bitzer)

FKECompressor

type Evaporator

Capacity (kW) Power Input

(kW) Current (A) C.O.P. * Mass flow rate (kg/s)

FEJ

.(Bitzer)=30kW(Standard) R404A

35oC-10oC10KKFKE

Condensing unit type

Cooling Capacity (kW)

Power Input* (kW) Current (A)

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

FE

- -

KKKKKKKKKK FE WWL

JJJJJJJ WJJJJJJJJ

FEW

40kW3 oCKKFE

35 oC-5 oC K5 K4 KR404AK

Coolcat (T2/TE2)0.5 Bar

FKE Valve type Capacity (kW) % Loaded Pressure drop across valve(bar)

FE (EVR)FKE

220V- 60HzK

Corrected Capacity (kW) Valve Type

Connection in.

Pressure drop (bar)

FE

- -

FEFE

L

- -

KKKKKKKKKK F4E WWL

JJJJJJJ WJJJJJJJJ

FEW75 kW-18 oCK

FEK40 oC-25 oC K5 K3 K

R22K

FE

Coolcat (T2/TE2)0.5 Bar

FKE Valve type Capacity (kW) % Loaded Pressure drop across valve(bar)

FE

- -

(EVR) (Conn. size 1-1/8)FKE220V- 60HzK

Corrected

Capacity (kW) Valve Type Connection

in. Pressure

drop (bar)

FE

- -

1- Bitzer Ltd. Selection Program (2002). 2- Danfoss Ltd. Coolcat selection program (2002). 3- Andrew, D. Althouse, et al. Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Goodheart-Wilcox. 4- Puzio, H. and Johnson J. Practical Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration. ITP 1996.

- -

WK

WW

K

W %

W

W K K

W .

- -

W J (Software)

: K K

. (Simulation)

K

K

: . (Kotza International)

J(1)

REFRIBASE 3, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning for Beginners : W . K

- -

W

.

REFRIBASE3

K (REFRIBASE3) (Double Click) (Icon)

Yes )

(Continue) ( F-4E.

K .K F (

F-4E . F ( F2-4E

K

K (Continue)K K (End)K

- -

F-4E

- -

F2-4E

- -

J(2)

REFREPAIR 4, Practical Training in Refrigeration Repair :

. W

K K

REFREPAIR 4

. (REFREPAIR 4) (Double Click) (Icon)

Yes )

(Continue) ( F3-4E.

. . . F (

F3-4E . F (

(click here)F3-4E

F4-4EKK . (Continue)K . (End)K

- -

F3-4E

- -

F4-4E J(3)

REFRIDIAG 4, Refrigeration Fault Simulator

: . (Simulation) W

- -

K

REFRIDIAG 4

. (REFRIDIAG 4) (Double Click) (Icon) . Yes

. F-E

.. Yes . Yes

) F6-E ( (Cursor)

.. F7-4E-F11-4E.

. . OK . K . (Diagnostic) (The family of Faults)

F12-4E. . 3.4 . F13- E

K . K

- -

F-E

F6-E

- -

F7-E

- -

F8-E

- -

F9-E

- -

F10-E

- -

F11-E

- -

F12-E

- -

F13-E

- -

J(4)

CHILREPAIR 4, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Repair on systems using Water

: . W

WW . . . (Psychrometric Chart) . . . . . . . . . .

CHILREPAIR 4

K (CHILREPAIR 4) (Double Click) (Icon)

OK

F14-4E F15-4E. K (Continue)

F16-4E. K .

- -

K F ( F17-4E F18-4E .

F ( (click here)

F17-4E F18-4E. K (Continue)K K (End)K

- -

F14-4E

- -

F15-4E

- -

F16-4E

- -

F17-4E

- -

F18-4E

- -

1- Kotza International Ltd, REFRIBASE 3, REFREPAIR 4, REFRIDIAG 4, CHILREPAIR 4 manuals (2003).

- -

F FilterFlakes

A Air Cooled Condenser

Arc Autocad

B

Block Bearing

C Capacity Regulators

Centrifugal Compressor Centrifugal switch

Circuit Breakers Command line

Conductive Contactor

Control Box Cooling above freezing

Cooling below freezing Corkboard

Crankcase pressure regulator Cubes

D Differential

Diffuse Direct

Drawing area

E

Electro Motive Force ( EMF) Emulsifiers End Covers

End Cover Baffles Erase

Evaporative Condenser Evaporating Pressure Regulators

Expansion Valves

- -

Flooded Freezing loadFront panelFuse

G Gas liquefaction

H Hardening

HP Cutout Hygroscopicity

I

Infiltration Initial cost

Insulation materials Interchange

Interpolation

J

Junction Box L

LayerLiquid Receiver

LP Cutout

M

MenuMirror

Miscellaneous Heat Load Modify

Move

FE

FE

N

Nameplate Non-Return Valve (NRV)

O Object snap

- -

Oil Separator Orifice Assembly

Optimum Overload

FE

P

Packing Heat Load

Pass

Plate Heat Exchanger

Polystyrene

Polyurethane

Pressure Controls

R Range

Reciprocating Compressors Reflective

Relay Reservoir

Respiration Heat Load Running Winding

S Screw Compressor

SensorSetting

Single phase Solenoid Valve

Specific Enthalpy Specific EntropySpiral AugerSquirrel CageStabilizers

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Starting TorqueStates barStatorStepper motorStart Capacitor (SC) Surge drum

T Thermal Conductivity

Thermostat Thermistor

Timer Tool bars

Transducer Trim

FE

WWater Cooled Condenser

Windings Wiring Diagram

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J(4) CHILREPAIR 4, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Repair on systems using Water

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