1086 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

Ta v i XV I I

qarTuli eklesia XIX _ XX

saukuneSi

`w m i d a a i gi , v i s a c eR ir s am a muli s aT v i s T a v i s d ad e b a .~

ilia marTaliilia marTaliilia marTaliilia marTaliilia marTali

1087s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

Sesavali

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis aTaswlovani istoriis ori, SeiZleba

iTqvas, yvelaze didmniSvnelovani momenti ganekuTvneba XIX-XX saukuneebs,

esaa Cveni eklesiis TavisTavadoba avtokefaliis gauqmeba ruseTis saimper-

atoro karis mier da misi aRdgena qarTveli erisa da samRvdeloebis

Zalisxmevis wyalobiT. XIX saukuneSi, qarTuli eklesiis savalalo mdgo-

mareobis Sesaxeb, avtokefaliis momxreTa mier gamoqveynebul iqna uamravi

masala. maTSi dasuraTebulia ruseTis wmida sinodis qmedebani saqarTveloSi,

sazogadod, ruseTis mTavrobis da eklesiis damokidebuleba qarTuli ek-

lesiis mimarT. arsebobs orgvari Sefaseba: erTi, uaRresad uaryofiTi, me-

ore, uaRresad dadebiTi (umetesad rusuli oficialuri istoriografiisa).

Cven SevecdebiT orives warmoCenas.

marTlmadidebloba, qarTvelTa erovnuli sarwmunoeba, cxadia, iyo ruseb-

is kavkasiaSi gamoCenamde. saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mier danergilma am

sarwmunoebam, romelsac saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia wmidad icavda,

uaRresi gaWirvebis Jams gansakuTrebiT, XVII_XVIII saukuneebSi, gadaarCina

qarTveli eri da qarTveloba. es ar gaxlavT litoni sityvebi. ra sarwmuno-

ebrivi mimarTulebisac ar unda iyos istorikosi, SeuZlebelia ar aRiaros,

rom marTlmadidebloba da qarTveloba aRniSnul saukuneebSi gaerTmniS-

vnelianebuli iyo da erTis uaryofa, ZiriTadad, meoris dakargvasac iwvev-

da. rogorc cnobilia, politikur Tu sulier mizezTa gamo, gagrigorianeb-

uli qarTvelebi gasomxdnen, gakaTolikebuli qarTvelebi osmaleTis impe-

riaSi jer `gafrangdnen~ da Semdeg gasomxdnen, iqve, gamahmadianebul

qarTvelebs Zlier SeeryaT erovnuli cnobiereba, aseve, mTianeTSi gawar-

marTebulTac. am savalalo mdgomareobas xedavda XVII-XVIII saukuneTa

qarTveloba da mtkiced miiswrafoda erTmorwmune, marTlmadidebluri ruse-

Tisaken. qarTvelma politikosebma TavianTi mware gamocdilebiT icodnen,

rom aboboqrebul mahmadianur okeaneSi myofi saqarTvelosadmi interess

mxolod marTlmadidebluri ruseTi iCenda. evropam, Tumca ki qristianulma,

zurgi Seaqcia mas, anda erovnuli sarwmunoebis (e.i. marTlmadideblobis)

Secvlas iTxovda daxmarebis sanacvlod. qarTvelobam ki, rogorc aRvniS-

neT, icoda, rom swori sarwmunoebis dakargva qarTvelTa erovnul gad-

agvarebasac gamoiwvevda, radgan qarTveloba da marTlmadidebloba sinon-

imebad iyo qceuli qarTul cnobierebaSi.

ivane javaxiSvili wers: `qarTvelebs SoriTgan gagonili hqonda rusTa

mxurvale sarwmunoebrivi grZnoba da eWvi ar ebadebodaT, rom ruseTi

qarTvelTa suliskveTebas advilad gaigebda da maTs Tavganwirul brZola-

Si sparselTa da osmalTa winaaRmdeg wrfelis guliT Zliers daxmarebas

gauwevda. ruseTis mTavrobas da politikosebs ar gamohparviaT qarTvelTa

1088 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

amgvari politikuri gulubryviloba. mTeli maTi politika saqarTvelos

mimarT, rodesac ki ruseTis samxedro TvalsazrisiT qarTvelTa Zalis

gamoyeneba osmaleTis an sparseTis winaaRmdeg saWirod miaCndaT, swored

qarTvelTa am sust grZnobasa da gulubryvilobaze iyo xolme damyarebu-

li. `qarTvelebs mxurvale sarwmunoebrivi grZnoba aqvT da amazea damok-

idebuli maTi gulmodgineba sruliad ruseTis karisadmi da keTilad mo-

surneoba rusi xalxisadmi~, _ ase ambobdnen ruseTis mTavrobis warmomad-

genlebi da qarTvelTa am mxurvale sarwmunoebrivi grZnobis saSualebiT

cdilobdnen da axerxebdnen kidec qarTvelebis imdenad mojadoebas, rom

ruseTis politikuri miznebis gansaxorcieleblad gamoeyenebinaT. roca

ruseTisaTvis saWiro iyo, maSin mas agondeboda, rom qarTvelebi mxurvale

qristianebi iyvnen... ase iyo xolme, sanam saqarTvelos ar Seacdenda da

Tavis samxedro gegmis mixedviT osmaleTTan an sparseTTan omSi, romelsac

igi ganizraxavda, ar Carevda, magram ra wams ruseTs Tavisi piradi mizani

miuRwevlad miaCnda, an omis gagrZelebas TavisTvis xelsayrelad aRar

sTvlida, is saqarTvelos uyoymanod miatovebda xolme da maSin mas yve-

laferi aviwydeboda, qarTvelTa qristianobac da gaWirvebac. aseT SemTx-

vevaSi is imaze aRar fiqrobda, rom saqarTvelo swored misi wyalobiTa da

misi moqmedebiT winandelze ufro uaressa da umweo mdgomareobaSi vard-

eboda xolme~1.

marTalia, saqarTveloSi xedavdnen, rom ruseTTan kavSiris damyarebis

mcdeloba saukuneTa manZilze dadebiT politikur Sedegs ar iZleoda,

magram miuxedavad amisa, politikuri moRvaweebis ltolva erTmorwmune

marTlmadidebluri qveynisaken didi iyo.

ruseTis saxelmwifos wiaRSi arsebobisas, saqarTvelom SeZlo rogorc

erovnuli, ise politikuri gaerTianeba da imperiis rRvevis Semdgom TiTq-

mis erTiani saxiT wardgoma msoflios winaSe. es momenti gansakuTrebiT

xazgasmiTaa aRsaniSnavi, rameTu, rogorc wina TavebSic aRiniSna, XV-XVI

saukuneebSi daSlili saqarTvelo, mravalgzis mcdelobis miuxedavad, ver

gaerTianda da XIX s-is karibWesac daSlil-danawevrebuli miadga.

marTalia, imperiis mizans saqarTvelos gaerTianeba ar warmoadgenda,

magram Cveni qveyana ruseTis wiaRSi arsebulma im Tvisebriobam gaaerTiana,

rac utyuari alRoTi gaisigrZeganes Cvenma politikurma moRvaweebma, roca

isini saukuneTa manZilze imedgacruebaTa miuxedavad, Crdilour, anu mar-

Tlmadideblur orientacias erTgulebdnen.

ruseTis saxelmwifosTan mierTebam Cveni qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcx-

ovrebi qarTvelebis moSlil-moryeuli erovnuli cnobiereba aRadgina, xolo

kuTxuri cnobiereba Seamcira. swored gamZafrebulma kuTxurma Semecnebam

dasca erovnuli cnobiereba, rac saqarTvelos daSlis umTavres mizezs

warmoadgenda. saqarTvelo ver erTiandeboda ara mxolod araxelsayreli

sagareo viTarebis, aramed Sinagani danawevrebis gamoc.

1089s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli, faqtobrivad suverenuli saxelmwifoe-

brivi erTeulebis arsebobam (qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis samefoebi, samegre-

los, guriis da sxva samTavroebi) daanawevra qarTveloba. xeli Seuwyo

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli qarTuli eTnografiuli jgufebis warmoqm-

nas barSi, xolo mTaSi TiTqmis tomobrioba aaRorZina. XVI-XVIII saukuneeb-

Si, saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom, imerlobam, qarTlelobam,

kaxelobam, megrelobam, gurulobam da a. S., gamokveTilad Camoyalibebuli

saxe miiRo. saqarTvelos kuTxeebSi gaCnda kuTxuri wes-Cveulebebi, ganmt-

kicda dialeqtebi, Camoyalibda erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli eTnografiu-

li Tvisebebi. erovnuli cnobiereba iqamde daeca, rom rogorc wminda ilia

marTali werda: `qarTvels goris mazraSi mcxovrebs-Ra uwodeben~; kaxeli

kaxelobda, imereli imerlobda, megreli megrelobda da a. S.

rogorc aRiniSna, qarTveli eris eTnografiul jgufebad daSlas kuTxuri

saxelmwifoebis arseboba iwvevda (im Tvisebis gamo, romelic saxelmwifos

wiaRSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas xangrZlivi istoriuli Tanacxovrebis Semdgom

sakuTar eTnikur saxes uyalibebs), amitomac saqarTvelos gaerTianeba, anu

kuTxuri saxelmwifoebisa Tu saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmnebis mospoba qarTve-

li eris mTlianobisaTvis sasicocxlo aucileblobas warmoadgenda.

marTlac, imperiam mospo qarTuli kuTxuri saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi,

riTac kuTxur-tomobriv Segnebas safuZveli gamoecala. ruseTis imperiis

wiaRSi, me-19 saukuneSi, ganmtkicda wina saukuneSi Seryeuli erovnuli cno-

biereba, rac SemdgomSi, imperiis dangrevisas, safuZveli Seiqna erTiani

qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmnisa, Tumca ki `suli erTobisa~ saqarTvelos

kuTxeTa Soris sruliad arasodes Camkvdara. marTlmadidebluri qvey-

nisaken qarTvelTa ltolvas safuZvlad istoriuli gamocdileba edo _

XV-XVIII saukuneebSi marTlmadidebloba ` qarTvelobis~ sayrdens warmoad-

genda. am epoqaSi cxadi Seiqna, rom marTlmadideblobisagan ganSorebuli

qarTvelebi erovnebasac kargavdnen, grigoriani qarTvelebis armenofil-

uri cnobiereba, kaTolike qarTvelebis ` frangoba~ da mahmadiani qarTvelebis

`TaTroba~ Cvens mosaxleobasa da politikur wreebs arwmunebda, rom qarTvelo-

bis erTaderT sayrdens marTlmadidebloba warmoadgenda. amitomac, zogadi

masStabiT qarTvelobis SenarCunebisaTvis samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZolaSi,

mahmadianuri TurqeTisa da sparseTisagan gansxvavebiT, ruseTi, surda Tu

ar surda, Tavisi marTlmadideblobis gamo ` qarTvelobas~ safuZvels araTu

ver gamoaclida, aramed ganamtkicebda kidec. es miT umetes dasafasebelia,

Tu gavixsenebT, rom TurqeTma istoriuli saqarTvelos mniSvnelovan naw-

ilSi (mesxeTsa da lazeTSi) gamahmadianebiTa da erovnuli cnobierebis

warTmeviT swrafad STanTqa qarTveloba. aseve dakarges erovneba gamahma-

dianebis Semdgom sparseTis gavlenis sferoSi mcxovrebma qarTvelebma

War-belaqansa, Saqsa Tu lore-taSirSi.

1090 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

saqarTvelosaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo ruseTis mier Zlieri

da mravalricxovani Crdilokavkasiuri mebrZoli tomebis damarcxeba. Crdil-

okavkasieli tomebi _ imJamad, XVI-XIX ss-Si `lekebad~ saxeldebuli daR-

estnelebi da `afxazebad~ saxeldebuli adiRe-Cerqezebi aswleulTa man-

Zilze anadgurebdnen saqarTvelos, ipyrobdnen mis kuTxeebsa da mkvidrde-

bodnen iq, ruseTis wyalobiT saqarTvelo CrdilokavkasielTaganac, iseve

rogorc samxreTeli mezoblebis Semosevisagan daculi aRmoCnda.

ruseTis wiaRSi farulad ganxorcielda `aRdgomis~ idea. amas xels

qarTveli eris saukeTeso Svilebic uwyobdnen, romelnic mxarSi edgnen

rusebs muslimanTagan saqarTvelos kuTxeTa (aWaris, mesxeTis, afxazeTis,

Savi zRvispireTis) gaTavisuflebis dros. saqarTvelos SeuerTda Tavisi

istoriuli teritoriebi, eri gaerTianda. marTalia, yovelive es me-19 saukuneSi

moxda, magram me-18 saukuneSi, aRmosavleTis qveynebis cbier saxelmwifoebT-

an mravalsaukunovani urTierTobis gamocdilebiT dabrZenebuli qarTveli

politikosebi marTlmadidebel ruseTTan urTierTobis Sedegs, miuxedavad

misi mmarTveli politikuri wreebis mxridan araerTgzis Ralatisa, winaswar

Wvretdnen da qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis ganmtkicebas am qveynis Semweo-

biT eswrafodnen. rom ara rusTa mier dedasamSoblosaTvis aWaris dab-

runeba, aWarlebic dakargavdnen erovnul cnobierebas da Seerwymebodnen

gaTurqebul qarTvelTa masas osmaleTSi. am dabrunebis wyalobiT Seinar-

Cunes aWarelma muslimanebma TavianTi qarTveloba, Tavis mxriv, aWarelTa

wyalobiT osmalos gamahmadianebulma qarTvelobam dedasamSoblosaken moixeda,

igive iTqmis mesxeTSi mcxovreb qarTvel kaTolikeebzec. rom ar SeeerTebina

ruseTs samcxe-javaxeTi dedasamSoblosTan, mesxeTSi mcxovrebi qarTveli

kaTolikeebi, iseve rogorc osmaleTSi mcxovrebi maTi qarTveli Tanamorwmu-

neni, gasomxdebodnen, radgan romma isini miakuTvna somxur-kaTolikuri ek-

lesiis samwysos. ase rom, mxolod ruseTTan SeerTebam SeunarCuna erovnuli

cnobiereba aWarel muslimanebs da mesxeTis kaTolikeebs. samwuxarod, imave

ruseTis wyalobiT uamravi qarTveli mTieli miawera `oseTis sasuliero

komisiam~ osur erovnebas, aseve, xeli Seuwyo qarTvelTa asimilacias afx-

azeTSi, rac ganxilulia Sesabamis adgilas, meore mxriv ki, xeli ar Seuwyo

saingiloSi gamahmadianebul qarTvelTa srul gaqristianebas.

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba

1811 wlidan, qarTuli eklesia, marTali sarwmunoebis damcveli mTel

kavkasiaSi, rusuli biurokratiuli sistemis danamatad gadaaqcies. kaToli-

kos-patriarqma kirionma ase Seafasa me-19 saukuneSi Cveni eklesiis yofa _

`asi wlis monobis gamo Seirya saqarTvelos eklesiis mwyobri sistema eris

gulTan SeTanxmebuli. dairRva kavSiri, gaqra suli cxoveli~.

1091s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

samarTlianadaa miCneuli,

rom qarTuli eklesiis avtoke-

falia gauqmda imperatorisa

da ruseTis wmida sinodis

gadawyvetilebiT, risi ufle-

bac maT ar hqondaT. maTi qm-

edebiT dairRva wmida msofl-

io krebaTa da mociqulTa kan-

onebi, magram isicaa aRsaniSn-

avi, rom qarTuli eklesiis av-

tokefaliis, iseve, rogorc

qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmeba,

erTjeradi aqti ar yofila.

jer kidev miqael TamaraSvil-

ma aRniSna, rom qarTuli ekle-

siis TavisTavadobis Seryeva

daiwyo erekle II-is mefobi-

sas, kaTalikos anton I-is dr-

os. `anton kaTalikosi pirv-

eli Seecada rusul eklesia-

sTan daaxloebasa da misi zo-

gierTi wesis SemoRebas saqar-

TveloSi. anton kaTalikosi sinodis wevradac ki iyo arCeuli~. ar SeiZle-

ba romelime avtokefaluri eklesiis meTauri iyos sxva, ucxo eklesiis

sinodis wevri, amiT, sxva rom ara vTqvaT, avtokefaluri eklesiis Rirseba

knindeba. anton I ki, 1783 wlidan daniSnuli iyo ruseTis wmida sinodis

wevrad. amave wels, ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris dadebuli traqtatis

ZaliTac, qarTuli eklesiis TavisTavadobas seriozuli safrTxe daemuqra.

georgievskis traqtatis merve artikulSi, kerZod, Cawerili iyo: ` kaTaliko-

ssa, anu umTavressa arqiepiskopossa maTsa aqundes adgili ricxvTa Soris

ruseTisa mRvdelmTavarTasa mervesa Sina xarisxsa, ese igi ars Semdgomad

tobolskisa da yovlad umowyalesobiT miuboZebs mas niadag titlosa uw-

mindesisa sinodis Clenobisasa, xolo Tu viTar saTanado ars ruseTisa

sinodisadmi, amisaTvis ukue daiwerebis sxva artikuli~. Cven, naSromSi

`saqarTvelos adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebi~ gamokvleuli gvaqvs, rom

qarTuli eklesiis SigniT arsebulma qaosma da mtrulma urTierTdamok-

idebulebam samRvdeloTa Soris anton I aiZula kaTalikosobidan gaday-

enebis Semdeg samarTali eZia ruseTSi, sadac igi srulebiT gaamarTles,

viTarca WeSmariti marTlmadidebeli, daniSnes erT-erTi centraluri epar-

qiis mmarTvelad arqiepiskoposis tituliT. saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Sem-

deg antoni kvlav avida sakaTalikoso taxtze da Seecada qarTuli ekle-

1092 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

sia moewesrigebina rusul eklesiaSi arsebuli wesebis Sesabamisad, yovelmxriv

daeaxloebina qarTuli eklesia rusulTan. qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaluro-

bisaTvis Seusabamo muxlic traqtatSi misi ganzraxviT unda Sesuliyo.

qarTuli eklesiis TavisTavadobas amcrobs, agreTve, 1799-1800 wlebSi Sedgen-

ili `traqtati~, daculi platon ioselianis TxzulebaSi `giorgi XIII-is

cxovreba~1. am traqtatis erT-erTi muxliT, saqarTvelos eklesiaSi unda

darCeniliyvnen kaTalikosi, episkoposebi da samRvdeloeba. sanacvlod, TiTqos-

da qarTvelebi iTxovdnen, qarTuli eklesiis zedamxedvelobis mizniT, ruseTis

wm. sinods gamoegzavna ` arximandriti, an iRumeni, kaci mdabali da myudro~.

qarTvelebi, agreTve, iTxovdnen: ` viTxoveT romel yovelive igi samRvdelo-

Ta wesni iyvnen Sewynarebul da pativiscemul Rirsebisamebr ruseTisa,

vinaiTgan qveSemdomil qmnili igi samefo TvisiTa nebiTa SeerTda saimper-

atorisa~. rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmeba impera-

toris manifestiT amcnes qarTvel xalxs sionis taZarSi. rusebis survili

iyo es mZime saqme xalxSi avtoritetuli qarTuli eklesiis meSveobiT

aResrulebina. dimitri yifiani Tavis `memuarebSi~2 wers: `manifesti dawer-

ili iyo iseTi sityvebiT, romelnic cxadad gamoxatavdnen kurTxeuli aleqsan-

dre imperatoris sruls didsulovanebasa da keTil ganzraxvebs da,

rasakvirvelia, damamSvidebel STabeWdilebas iqoniebda im drois qarTvelebze~,

magram `damSvidebis~ nacvlad, sionSi misuli qarTvelebi manifestis mos-

menisas sastikad aRelvebulan, Tumca ki, `sionisaken mimaval quCebSi gam-

wkrivebuli iyo or-wyeba jari~. manifesti qarTuladac ki ar uTargmniaT _

`ar SeiZleboda qarTvelebis win iseTi sityvebis warmoTqma, romelic imaT-

Tvis udides cinizms gamoxatavs~, _ wers d. yifiani. cnobilia, rom rusulma

xelisuflebam kargad gamoiyena is winaaRmdegobani da urTierTbrZola,

romelic gaCaRebuli iyo qarTvel batoniSvilTa Soris taxtis xelSi

Casagdebad. msgavsi mdgomareoba iyo eklesiaSic. d. furcelaZe wers: `man-

ifestis eklesiaSi wakiTxvis Semdeg anton II kaTalikosma paraklisi gada-

ixada da daafica ruseTis erTgulebaze yvela mcxovrebi mis xelqveiT

eparqiebisa, mcxeTisa, samTavroisa da alaverdisa da rodesac mefis saxlo-

baSi gaCnda usiamovnoba da zogierTma batoniSvilebma moindomes saqarTve-

los taxtis daWera, kaTalikosi miubrunda maT darigebis sityviT da ur-

Cevda, mSvidobianaT ecxovraT da madloba moexsenebinaT rusis xelmwifi-

saTvis, radganac ineba man im sikeTis Cadena, saqarTvelo miiRo Tavis

mfarvelobis qveS, Tumca areul-dareuloba iyo Cvens qveyanaSi, magram an-

ton kaTalikosi mainc ar iSlida zrunvas imaze, rom eklesia xelSeuxebe-

li yofiliyo, da agreTve imaze, rom eklesiisagan dawesebuli rigi aravis

moeSala~3. man, moTxovnis Sesabamisad, rusul mTavrobas warudgina aRwera

monastrebisa, eklesiebisa da samRvdeloebisa, gadmosca maTi `samwuxaro

mdgomareoba~, uaqtiuresi monawileoba miiRo wmida ninos cxovelmyofeli

1093s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

jvris gadmosvenebaSi, romelic ruseTma daubruna saqarTvelos, magram mainc

`rusis mTavroba eWviT uyurebda anton kaTalikosis moqmedebas~, cilad

swamebdnen antirusul TaTbirebSi monawileobas, TiTqosda `darejan ded-

oflis ganzraxvebs~ emxroboda, eklesiebSi TiTqosda imperatoris nacvlad,

ixseniebdnen mefed mis Zmas, iulons. antonma Tavi imarTla. xelisufleba

kaTalikoss uyuradRebod ekideboda. 1810 wels `mitropolitis varlamis

CagonebiT, anton kaTalikosis da Tfilel mitropolitis arsenis Soris

usiamovneba Camovarda, imiT gaTavda igi, rom 1811 wels antoni gamoeTxova

Tavis samwysos da gaemgzavra peterburgs~. imperatorma pativiscemiT mi-

iRo da daniSna wmida sinodis wevrad. igi gardaicvala niJni-novgorodSi,

1827 wels. anton II-is saqarTveloSi yofnisas, rogorc aRiniSna, eklesiis

umTavres ierarqTa Soris gaCaRebuli kinklaobis gamo qaosi sufevda, TiTqos-

da isev qarTuli eklesiis dasamSvideblad _ ` imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma

1811 wlis 10 ivniss werili miswera anton kaTalikoss, dahpirda misi

Rirsebis Seulaxaobas wm. sinodis avtoritetis meSveobiT da miipatiJa

ruseTSi, sadac misi sakadrisi pativiT icxovrebda, miiRebda pensias da

amasTanave daikavebda mexuTe adgils wm. sinodSi~4.

saqarTvelos eklesia am droisaTvis flobda didZal qonebas, saxnav-

saTes miwebs, tyeebs, sxvadasxva qarxanas, saTevzao adgilebs, wisqvilebs,

Senobebsa da sxva qonebas. igi iyo ekonomikurad damoukidebeli erTeuli,

amiT igi mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda rusuli eklesiisagan, romelic im droi-

saTvis ruseTis xelisuflebis mier saxelmwifos nawilad iyo gadaqceuli

da saero xelisuflebisadmi damorCilebuli. saqarTveloSi ki piriqiT _

saxelmwifo xelisufleba ar iyofoda saerod da sasulierod. qveynis

xelisuflebis saTavesTan idgnen eklesiis umaRlesi ierarqebi, magaliTad,

swored gansaxilveli droisaTvis, imereTis samefoSi marTalia, mefe uzen-

aesi xelisufali iyo, magram `imereTis samefos saqmeebs igi warmarTavda

`sabWos~ daxmarebiT, romlis wevrebic ara marto rCevebSi iRebdnen monaw-

ileobas, aramed didmniSvnelovan Tanamdebobebsac flobdnen... sabWoSi monaw-

ileobda oTxi episkoposi: 1. quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeosi, 2. gelaTe-

li mitropoliti eqvTime, 3. nikorwmindeli mitropoliti sofroniosi da 4.

mTavarepiskoposi antoni. CamoTvlili mRvdelmTavrebi sabWoSi didi ufle-

bebiT sargeblobdnen, maT Sexedulebebsa da mosazrebebs mefe yovelTvis

gulmodgined ismenda da did angariSs uwevda~5, mRvdelmTavarTa garda,

`sabWoSi~ kidev 30-mde Tavadi monawileobda. qveynis marTvis aRniSnuli

wesi mogvagonebs daviT aRmaSeneblisa da gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefeTa

mier dadgenil wess, roca qveynis mmarTvelobis saqmes meTaurobda `oTxi

berisa~ da vezirebisagan Seqmnili darbazis kari. `oTxi beris~ jgufSi

Sediodnen qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosebi, Wyondideli da moZRvarT-

moZRvari. ruseTSi ki qveynis sammarTvelo saqmeTagan araTu CamoSorebuli

1094 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

iyo eklesia, aramed TviT eklesiasac ki 1722 wlidan oberprokurori

xelmZRvanelobda, romelic wm. sinods edga saTaveSi. igi saero piri iyo da

didi uflebebi hqonda. ruseTSi saero xelisuflebisadmi eklesiis damor-

Cilebis saqme, romelic 1721 wels patriarqis Tanamdebobis gauqmebiT wam-

oiwyo petre didma, 1784 wels daasrula ekaterine meorem. aseTi mdgomar-

eobis gamo ruseTi, cxadia, ver moiTmenda saqarTveloSi eklesiis rogorc

ekonomikur damoukideblobas, ise mis udides gavlenas saero xelisufleba-

ze. ruseTma miznad daisaxa saqarTvelos eklesiis reorganizacia. Tavda-

pirvelad, anton II-is gamoyenebac scades. saqarTveloSi saeklesio refor-

mis droulad gatarebas mTavroba saxelmwifo mniSvnelobas aniWebda. re-

forma iTvaliswinebda saeklesio dikasteriis Seqmnas, romlis meSveobiT

unda dawyebuliyo qarTl-kaxeTis eklesiis mowesrigeba. dikasterias unda

aRewera eklesia-monastrebis qoneba da daezustebina Semosavali, daedgina

sasuliero pirTa raodenoba, moewesrigebina samrevloebi, sabolood ki

unda mospobiliyo eklesiis ekonomikuri damoukidebloba da igi sruliad

damorCileboda ruseTis saxelmwifos. anton II-is mosaydred daniSnes varlam

erisTavi, mtrulad ganwyobili saqarTvelos samefo karis mimarT, ruseTSi

aRzrdili da rusuli saeklesio cxovrebis kargi mcodne. am periodSi (e.i.

1811 wlamde) qarTul eklesias qarTlsa da kaxeTSi ekuTvnoda 1850 komli

glexi, misi wliuri Semosavali Seadgenda daaxloebiT 40 000 maneTs. ekle-

sias am provinciebSi hqonda 13 eparqia6. marTalia, anton II, viTarca ruse-

Tis wmida sinodis wevri, jer kidev ekaterines droidan (1793 wlidan),

cdilobda rusebis miTiTebaTa Tanaxmad emarTa qarTuli eklesia, magram

miTiTeba dikasteriis Seqmnis Sesaxeb droulad ver aRasrula, amasTanave,

igi ganawyenebuli iyo im RonisZiebebiT, romlebic mTavrobam gaatara

saqarTveloSi. ruseTis xelisufleba rusuli eklesiis danamatad ganix-

ilavda qarTul eklesias jer kidev anton II-is saqarTveloSi yofnisas.

magaliTad, 1809 wels sinodis oberprokurors mieTiTa, Seeqmna saqarTveloSi

dikasteria antonis meTaurobiT da wmida sinodis wevris, varlamis monaw-

ileobiT. amasTan, samRvdeloebas dikasteriaSi Sesayvanad unda aerCia sami

wevri, mdivani, Tarjimani, gadamwerebi, mrCeveli da Tbilisis keTilSobil

Tavad-aznaurTa saswavleblis direqtori. anton II-s imave wels daevala am

saqmis aRsruleba, magram sakiTxis gadawyveta Zalze gaWianurda. 1810 wlis

3 marts kaTalikosi anton II TiTqmis ZaliT gaiwvies peterburgs. erTi

wlis Semdeg movida golicinis cnoba, romelSic kaTalikosis dagvianeba

axsnili iyo misi avadmyofobiT. anton II-is gawvevis Semdeg, dikasteriis

meTaurad daniSnul iqna varlam erisTavi da mas saqarTvelos egzarqosis

tituli eboZa. masve daavales, SeemuSavebina sasuliero dikasteriis mowyo-

bis proeqti. tormasovma miswera varlams: `sinodis oberprokurori mac-

nobebs, rom xelmwife imperatoris surviliT saqarTvelos eklesiis mar-

1095s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

Tva-gamgeoba ise unda moawyoT, rom igi damokidebuli iqnes wmida sinodze~.

saqarTvelos eklesiis reorganizaciis proeqti, varlam erisTavis mier

Sedgenili 1809-1811 wlebSi, waredgina mTavarmarTebel tormasovs. romel-

ic daamtkica wmida sinodma 1811 wlis 30 ivniss. am proeqtis Tanaxmad,

Seiqmna dikasteria da saqarTvelos eklesiam dakarga avtokefalia.

avtokefaliis gauqmebis droisaTvis qarTl-kaxeTSi iyo 13 eparqia (Tbilisis,

mcxeTis, samTavros, ruisis, urbnisis, wilknis, samTavisis, niqozis, alaverdis,

ninowmidis, rusTavis, nekresis, bodbis). mTavarmarTebel tormasovis cnobiT,

iyo 799 eklesia, 746 mRvdeli, 146 diakvani da sxva danarCeni 661 sasuli-

ero piri. arqiepiskopos varlam erisTavis proeqtiT, kaxeTis 5 saepisko-

poso unda gaerTianebuliyo erT alaverdis eparqiad, xolo qarTlis 8

saepiskoposo erT mcxeTis eparqiad. misi Semosavali daaxloebiT toli

iyo 16960 maneTisa, kaxeTis eparqiisa ki 9500 maneTis. arsebuli 9 saarqi-

mandritos nacvlad, varlamis proeqtiT unda darCeniliyo 5 (bodbis, qvaTaxev-

mRvimis, kaxeTis, daviT-garejis da ioane naTlismcemlis). `es proeqti wm.

sinodma daamtkica da daadgina: 1. gauqmdes 13 eparqia da darCes 2, xolo

9 arqimandritis nacvlad 5; 2. saqarTvelos eklesias saTaveSi Caudges

mcxeTa-qarTlis mitropoliti varlam erisTavi da mieniWos mas mudmivi

egzarqosis wodeba, amave dros igi iyos wmida sinodis wevri; 3. saqarTveloSi

gauqmdes eklesiis damoukidebloba da qarTul marTlmadideblur ekle-

sias saTaveSi Caudges wmida sinodis ganyofileba dikasteria, romelic

yvelaferSi daemorCileba wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebebs. es dadgenileba

wmida sinodma ganixila 1811 wlis 24 ivniss, xolo ZalaSi Sevida 30

ivniss. esaa dRe, rodesac qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam dahkar-

ga avtokefaloba da daiwyo umZimesi periodi mis Semdgom moRvaweobaSi~7.

eparqiebis Semcirebas rusuli xelisufleba adrec mimarTavda. cicianovma

(1802-1806) qarTlSi 6 eparqiidan datova 3. es xdeboda mTavrobisaTvis

arasasurveli pirebis kaTedridan CamosaSoreblad.

imereTis samefos gauqmebis Semdeg, mTavrobam gadawyvita dasavleT saqarTve-

los eklesia emarTa saqarTvelos dikasteriis meSveobiT. 1815 wlis 30

agvistos dikasteria gadakeTda `saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kanto-

rad~. rusulma mTavrobam mas daumorCila jer kidev avtonomiuri samTavroe-

bis, guria-samegrelos eklesiebic. aman sulieri TvalsazrisiT erTiani

qarTuli eklesia administraciuladac gaaerTiana, magram ucxo eklesiis

frTaTa qveS. ase rom, arqiepiskoposi egzarqosi varlam erisTavi dasavleT

saqarTvelos eklesiasac marTavda. `energiulad iRvwoda eklesia-monas-

trebis aRsaricxavad, rasac mTavroba udides mniSvnelobas aniWebda, magram

mainc zemdgomebma ar inebes am Tanamdebobaze qarTveli kacis datoveba da

1817 wels igi peterburgSi gaiwvies. amave wlidan egzarqosad dainiSna

riazaneli arqiepiskoposi Teofilaqte rusanovi (1817-1821). mis Semdeg

1096 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

mxolod rusi erovnebis episkoposebi marTavdnen saqarTvelos saegzarqo-

sos. Teofilaqtes proeqtis Tanaxmad, romelic daamtkica ministrTa ko-

mitetma, unda garkveuliyo saegzarqosoSi eklesia-monastrebis, sasuliero

pirebisa da mrevlis raodenoba, SeemcirebinaT samRvdeloTa ricxvi da

aRar ekurTxebinaT aravin mRvdlad saTanado gankargulebamde. man 1819

wels Seamcira imereTis saepiskoposoebi maTi erT eparqiad gaerTianebis

gziT, TiTo-TiTo eparqia datova guriasa da samegreloSi. amrigad, dasav-

leT saqarTvelos 12 eparqiidan darCa 3 eparqia. amis garda, egzarqosi

amcirebda moqmedi eklesiebis raodenobas, mRvdlebi rCebodnen StatgareSe8.

saxalxo ajanyeba avtokefaliis dasacavad

ruseTis mTavrobis mier saqarTvelos eklesia ganixileboda, rogorc

saxelmwifo Semosavlis gazrdis erT-erTi wyaro. mTavroba fiqrobda, rom

sasuliero pirTa raodenobisa da sxvadasxva saeklesio xarjis mkveTri

SemcirebiT, xels Seuwyobda xazinaSi eklesiidan Sesuli Semosavlebis

gazrdas. `saeklesio reforma miznad isaxavda saxazino Semosavlis gazr-

das ara marto saeklesio qoneba-Semosavlis xazinaSi gadaricxviT, aramed

yma-glexebis saeklesio gadasaxadis gazrdiTac~9. 1819 wels egzarqosi

Teofilaqte gadavida dasavleT saqarTveloSi da Seudga mTavrobis davalebis

Sesrulebas, e.i. eklesiaTa daxurvas, saeklesio qonebis aRweras da momza-

debas misi xazinisaTvis gadasacemad, amasTanave, saeklesio glexebisagan

saeklesio gadasaxadis gazrdas. mTavroba imedovnebda, rom am gziT saxazi-

no Semosavals gazrdida 700 000 maneTamde, nacvlad iqamde Semavali 18-20

aTasi maneTisa.

am droisaTvis ruseTis mier dapyrobili imereTis mosaxleoba sanaxevrod

ganadgurebuli iyo da did gaWirvebaSi imyofeboda. imereTidan mefe so-

lomon II-is gaZevebis Semdeg, `1811-1812 wlebSi samefoSi mZvinvarebda Savi

Wiri da SimSili, ramac mosaxleobis naxevari gaanadgura~10. 1817 wlisaTvis,

e.i. daaxloebiT Teofilaqtes Camosvlis dros, imereTSi 12730 komli (85000)

suli iqneboda10, aqedan 2124 iyo saeklesio komli, 1994 komli saeklesio

glexi da 130 ojaxi saeklesio aznauri10, e.i. TiTqmis yoveli meeqvse komli

iyo saeklesio, anu mosaxleobis 20%-mde saeklesio kuTvnilebas Seadgenda

da eklesias uxdida gadasaxads. ` Semosavali maTgan fulze gadayvaniT Sead-

genda 11 482 maneT vercxlis fuls, maSin, roca 1817 wels xazinis Semosava-

li mTeli imereTidan Seadgenda mxolod 16 745 maneTs~11.

Teofilaqte imereTSi mourideblad iqceoda, riTac kidev ufro gaanawy-

ena mosaxleoba. xalxi aRSfoTda, rac Tavdapirvelad imiT gamoixata, rom

xelisufalT `ar daanebes saeklesio qonebis aRwera, radganac aRweras

qonebis CamorTmeva mohyveboda~. xalxs gansakuTrebiT aSfoTebda da aoceb-

1097s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

da rusebis mier aseulobiT eklesiis daxurva. xalxma daxmarebisaTvis

xelisuflebas mimarTa weriliT: `Cven didi xnis ganmavlobaSi bilwi agar-

ianelebis xelSi viyaviT, bevri tanjva-wameba gadavitaneT, magram isini Cvens

sasuliero saqmeebs ar Sexebian. Cven is xalxi varT, sarwmunoeba TiTqmis

qristes jvarcmis droidan rom SevinarCuneT... Cvens mwuxarebas sazRvari

ara aqvs, rodesac vxedavT, rogor xuraven Cvens wmida eklesiebs, rogor

gvaSoreben Cveni sulis gadarCenaze mzrunvel RvTismoSiS mRvdlebs, rogor

gvarTmeven saxalxo qonebiT Semkul jvrebs da xatebs da asxviseben saek-

lesio qonebas, romelic saukuneebis manZilze sisxliTaa SeZenili an Cveni

uwindeli mefeebis mieraa saCuqrad gadmocemuli~12. amgvarma mimarTvebma

xelisuflebaze ar imoqmeda. saeklesio aRwera gagrZelda, amas mohyva jer

`vake~ imereTis, Semdgom ki mTeli qveynis ajanyeba. 1818 wlis ivlisSi,

saeklesio aRweris dawyebidan erTi Tvis Semdeg, mTeli raWa, guria, samegre-

lo da imereTi fexze dadga. ajanyebulebs ebrZoda ruseTis regularuli

armia. mSobliuri eklesiis dasacavad aRmdgarma mojanyeebma wamoayenes

lozungi ` samSoblos gaTavisufleba~, mosaxleobis yvela fena monawileob-

da brZolaSi artileriiT SeiaraRebuli polkebisa da batalionebis winaaRm-

deg. imis gamo, rom imereTSi aRar imyofeboda taxtis memkvidre, bagration-

Ta legitimuri STamomavali, ajanyebulebma mefed gamoacxades solomon

II-is SviliSvili qalis mxridan ivane abaSiZe. general-leitenantma ve-

liaminovma gamoacxada, rom wyvetda saeklesio reformas. SeSinebuli eg-

zarqosi Teofilaqte 300 jariskacisa da artileriis dacviT quTaisidan

TbilisSi gagzavnes13. ruseTis xelisufleba, cxadia, ver Seurigdeboda im-

ereTSi Tavis damarcxebas, amitomac agrZelebda zomebis miRebas, ramac

1819 wels kidev ufro gaafarTova ajanyeba. mTavrobam mojanyeTa winaaRm-

deg moagrova didZali jari, Seudga moqmedebas. 1820 wels daapatimres

mitropolitebi dosiTeos quTaTeli da eqvTime gelaTeli, sxva gavleniani

pirebi, ramac kidev ufro gaaZliera ajanyeba, gansakuTrebiT, guriasa da

raWaSi. mas TanaugrZnobda guria-samegrelos mosaxleoba. dosiTeos qu-

TaTeli (wereTeli) dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos faqtobriv

gamgebels warmoadgenda 1792-1815 wlebSi. 1814 wlis 30 agvistos brZaneb-

ulebiT imereTis (afxazeTis, e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikoso

Sedioda saqarTvelos saegzarqosos gankargulebaSi, magram 1820 wlamde,

dapatimrebamde, igi eklesiis faqtobriv pirvel ierarqs warmoadgenda

(dosiTeosamde imereTis kaTalikosma 1783 wels datova saqarTvelo da

ucxoeTSi gardaicvala, axali kaTalikosi ar aurCeviaT). dosiTeosi didad

iRvwoda sakaTalikosos ekonomikuri aRorZinebisaTvis, mxars uWerda qvey-

nis xelisuflebas. rogorc cnobilia, dapatimrebuli moxuci mitropoliti

dosiTeosi tomaraSi CausvamT da ruseTisaken wauyvaniaT. igi tomaraSive

cemiT mouklavT gorTan axlos. meore mitropoliti eqvTime gelaTeli

1098 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

(ServaSiZe, 1776-1820) xelisuflebam daiWira, rogorc ajanyebis erT-erTi

moTave. eqvTime adre jumaTeli episkoposi iyo. man aRadgina mravali gapar-

taxebuli adgili, daasaxla glexebiT, aaSena sofeli, romelsac eklesiac

augo, iRvwoda qveynis gaerTianebisaTvis, mefis xelisuflebis gaZlierebi-

saTvis. xalxis azriT, mitropolitebi da, saerTod, episkoposebi xelSeuxe-

belni iyvnen da maT mahmadianebic ki pativs scemdnen. rusTa qmedebam

gurias, imereTTan da raWasTan erTad aajanya samegrelos mosaxleobac.

rusTa jarma samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZolis Semdeg gaWirvebiT gaimarjva

udidesi danakargebiT, moarbies da gadawves raWa, artileriiT miwasTan

gaaswores Semoqmedis cixe guriaSi. soflebi gadawves, zogi mojanye Camo-

axrCves, mravali ruseTSi gadaasaxles, maTi qoneba xazinas gadasces. er-

molovi werda: ` soflebi gavanadgureT da gadavbugeT, baR-venaxebi Zirebam-

de avCexeT, veRarasodes aRidgenen moRalateni pirvandel mdgomareobas~14.

raWaSi sofeli futieTi ekuTvnoda gelaTis monasters. eqvTime gelaTe-

lis dapatimrebam, cxadia, aRaSfoTa sofeli. rusTa jars sofelma gaumarTa

usastikesi brZola 1820 wlis 21 maiss. sarwmunoebisa da Tavisuflebi-

saTvis mebrZolma ori aTasma qarTvelma dado Tavi. maT Soris iyvnen

mebrZoli mRvdlebi, berebi da sasuliero pirebi. sabolood, ajanyebis

damTavrebis Semdeg, saeklesio aRweris tempebi Senelda da aTwleulobiT

gagrZelda. qarTuli eklesiis TavisuflebisaTvis Tavganwirulma brZolam

dasavleT saqarTveloSi bevri Tanamoazre da mxardamWeri gaiCina.

eparqiaTa gauqmebiT gamowveuli mZimesarwmunoebrivi Sedegebi

qarTul eklesias istoriulad aTeulobiT saepiskoposo, anu eparqia hqonda

aRmosavleT, dasavleT da samxreT saqarTveloSi. mesxeTis 14 saepiskoposo

osmalo dampyroblebma mospes. samwuxarod, rogorc aRiniSna, muslimanTagan

gadarCenili aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebis ume-

tesi nawili rusulma xelisuflebam gaauqma. maT qarTuli eklesiis gavle-

nis Sesusteba surdaT qarTvel qristianTa Soris, amasTanave, ekonomikuri

interesebic amoZravebdaT, magram Sedegi ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis al-

baT moulodneli aRmoCnda. rogorc Semdgom avtokefalistebi aRniSnavdnen,

saepiskoposoTa mospobiT daeca qristianuli sarwmunoeba qarTvelTa Soris.

saepiskoposoTa gauqmebiT qristianoba rom zaraldeba, kargad icodnen

qarTvelma sulierma mamebma, rac kargad Cans erTi XVIII s-is sigelidan,

romelic mcxeTidan saaTabagoSi gaugzavniaT: `ra rom saaTabago sjulze

midrka da episkoposni moiSalnen, mas aqeT Tqvens qveyanaSi episkoposi

aRar Semosula da romel adgilSic episkoposi ar Seva da imisi madli da

kurTxeva ar miva, an misi mamamTavari da moZRvari ar aswavlis da ar

1099s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

hmwysis, is qveyana da iq maxlobelni qristianeni ar iqnebian da arc

marTlmadideblobaSi aRiricxvian~15. aqedan Cans, rom qarTl-kaxeT-imereT-

guria-samegreloSi saepiskoposoebis gauqmebiT qristianebi moakldnen episko-

posis mier gacemul saRmrTo madlsa da kurTxevas, garda amisa, `25 sam-

RvdelmTavro kaTedris daxurvam episkoposebs waarTva samRvdeloebaze

zedamxedvelobisa da xelmZRvanelobis saSualeba~, meore mxriv, im eparqie-

bSic ki, romlebic arsebobdnen, episkoposis xelmZRvaneloba egzarqoss

imdenad SeuzRudavs, rom episkoposs ar hqonda saSualeba samRvdeloebis

realuri xelmZRvanelobisa. mRvdlebi am waqezebis gamo episkoposs aRar

emorCilebodnen da amitomac mrevlze nakleb zrunavdnen, ruseTis saekle-

sio xelisuflebas surda Tbilisidan, eparqiebis monawileobis gareSe, emarTa

mTeli eklesia, ramac savalalo Sedegi gamoiRo.

qarTveloba sarwmunoebis gadarCenisaTvis gamudmebiT iTxovda gauqmebu-

li eparqiebis aRdgenas, kerZod, iTxovdnen urbnisis, alaverdis, bodbisa da

sxva gauqmebuli kaTedrebis aRdgenas. 1841 wels egzarqos evgenis mima-

rTes TxovniT: `guriaSi mRvdelmTavarTa kaTedris daxurvis Semdeg re-

ligiurobam daqveiTeba iwyo, gurulebi, mcxovrebni mahmadianuri TurqeTis

sazRvarze, saWiroebdnen mRvdelmTavris mier damoZRvras~. kaTedra aRadg-

ines, magram 1885 wels egzarqosma pavlem guriaSi daxura jumaTis, xolo

samegreloSi Wyondidis kaTedrebi. 1821 wels imereTis oTxi eparqiis

gaerTianebiT Seiqmna mxolod erTi, samegrelos sami (Wyondidis, cageris da

caiSis) gaerTianebiT Seiqmna erTi, samegrelos eparqia 1829 wlidan. 1833

wels guriis erTaderTi jumaTis eparqia SeuerTes imereTis eparqias, aRadg-

ines 1844 wels (centri jumaTSi), magram 1885 wels SeuerTes samegrelos

eparqias. 1851 wels aRadgines afxazeTis eparqia, 1869 wels SeuerTes

imereTisas, 1885 wels kvlav aRadgines (centri soxumSi). Crdilo oseTi

1811 wlamde Sedioda wilknis saepiskoposoSi, 1870 wlidan SeuerTes mozdokis

eparqias. 1875 wels Seiqmna vladikavkazis saepiskoposo, romelic Sedioda

saqarTvelos saegzarqosoSi 1885 wlamde.

saegzarqosos politika, saboloo jamSi, iwvevda mrevlis sarwmunoebriv

indiferentizms, ukargavda qarTul eklesias erovnul saxes. xalxs gan-

sakuTrebiT aRaSfoTebda qarTuli enis nawilobrivi akrZalva eklesiebsa

da saswavleblebSi. sasuliero seminariebi CvenSi arsebobdnen XIX sauku-

nemdec. isini xelisuflebam gaauqma. Telavis seminariis ukanaskneli req-

tori daviTi werda: `mas Jamsa rusni movides da skola Seuracxyves da

sadac saxeli RvTisa iqadageboda, hyves qvab avazakTa, xolo me pirad-

piradni gansacdelni SemamTxvivnes da mravali boroti moawies Cem zeda~16.

XIX saukunis manZilze daarsebul iqna mravali, maT Soris, sasuliero

(1817 wlidan) saswavlebeli, magram isini ukve ara qarTulenovanni, aramed

rusulenovanni iyvnen. kaTalikos-patriarq leonides TqmiT, es momenti

1100 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

iwvevda momaval samRvdeloTa gaunaTleblobas (enis ucodinarobis gamo

sagnebs ver swavlobdnen): `gaunaTlebel, Tumca ki seminaria damTavrebul

qarTvel mRvdlebs ar SeeZloT gaenaTlebinaT TavianTi mrevli.~ Tanda-

TanobiT seminaria damTavrebuli qarTveli axalgazrdebis nawili gauucx-

ovda qarTuls, daewafnen rusul da evropul ideebs socializmisas, aTeizmisa

da anarqizmisa. XIX s-Si `daixura 15 monasteri da 800-ze meti eklesia.

ruseTis xazinam qarTuli eklesiis 150 milioni maneTis Rirebulebis qone-

ba miiTvisa, saidanac jamagiris saxiT eklesias yovelwliurad Svidasi

aTasi maneTi gamouyo, aqedan 150 aTasi maneTi rusul da berZnul eklesiebs

xmardeboda~.17 n. durnovos azriT, ruseTis xazinas qarTuli eklesiisaTvis

CamourTmevia 323 000 desetina miwa18. es gadaangariSebiT Seadgens 460 000

ha-mde miwas. eklesiebidan da monastrebidan daikarga saukuneTa manZilze

nagrovebi uZvirfasesi qoneba, oqro-vercxliTa da Zvirfasi qvebiT Semkuli

sasuliero nivTebi. aseTi viTarebis dros araa gasakviri qarTveli sa-

suliero pirebis aqtiuri monawileoba saqarTvelos gasaTavisufleblad

mowyobil ajanyebebSi 1804, 1812 da sxva wlebSi. 1832 wlis ajanyebis erT-

erTi ideuri warmmarTveli iyo arqimandriti filadelfos kiknaZe, ` kaxeTis

SeTqmulTa sazogadoebis organizatori da sulisCamdgmeli, romelmac reli-

giur koncefciamde aiyvana SeTqmulebis saqme~19. mis mier saidumlo anbanis

gamoyenebiT Sedgenili ` aqti goniuri~ ajanyebis wesdebas warmoadgenda, mas

rusuli gamoZieba sagangebo mniSvnelobis, metad mavne daniSnulebis doku-

ments uwodebda. am `aqti goniuris~ SedgenaSi, Tavis droze, monawileoba

miuRia sasuliero moRvawes ioane xelaSvils20.

yovelives miuxedavad, SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos egzarqosebis moRvaweo-

bis Sedegebi, magaliTad, Teofilaqte rusanovs (1817-1821) gauxsnia sasuli-

ero saswavlebeli TbilisSi, gorSi, Telavsa da siRnaRSi, moswavleebs mSob-

liur enasac aswavlidnen. saqarTvelos meore rus egzarqoss, ioane vasile-

vskis (1821-1832) gauxsnia vladikavkazsa da alagirSi saswavleblebi, egza-

rqosi mose bogdanov-platonovi (1832-1834) yofila ganaTlebuli pirovneba,

egzarqos evgeni baJanovs (1834-1844) SeuZenia axali Senoba Tbilisis sasu-

liero seminariisaTvis, SeukeTebia sveticxoveli garemxridan, razec 30

aTasi maneTi dauxarjavs. samwuxarod, am dros taZars aRdgenis nacvlad,

afeTqebis saSualebiT, moaciles naxevrad dangreuli stoebi, egzarqosi

isidore nikolski (1844-1858) Wkviani da dinji pirovneba yofila. mas

surda, wesrigSi moeyvana qarTuli eklesiebi. freskebi Camocvenili anda

gaxunebuli iyo. amitomac ubrZanebia kiriT SeeRebaT eklesiebi, ramac mospo

qarTuli ferwera. egzarqosi evsevi ilinski (1858-1877) xels uwyobda

sasuliero saswavleblebis keTilmowyobas, magram mis dros eklesiebidan

dakargula 2 milioni maneTis saeklesio ganZi21. egzarqos ioanike rudnevis

(1877-1882) dros daarsebula sanTlis qarxana, qalTa eparqiuli saswavleb-

eli, saswavleblebSi daarsda kaTedra qarTuli saeklesio enisa.

1101s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

egzarqos pavle lebedevis (1882-1887) dros 1886 wels seminariidan

garicxulma ioseb laRiaSvilma mokla seminariis reqtori dekanozi Cudec-

ki. mis dasaflavebaze warmoTqmul sityvaSi, rogorc miiCneoda, egzarqoss

dauwyevlia mkvlelis `warmomSobi xalxi~. aRSfoTebuli qarTvelebis azri

gamoxata dimitri yifianma, man mouwoda egzarqoss, Tu marTali iyo xalxSi

gavrcelebuli xma, maSin `SemCvenebeli ganidevnos SeCvenebuli qveynidan~.

dimitri yifiani amisaTvis dasajes gadasaxlebiT, sadac 1887 wels mokles.

egzarqosi paladi raevi (1887-1892) diplomati, loialuri adamiani yofila.

cdilobda qarTul ojaxebTan daaxloebas. egzarqosi vladimir bogoiav-

lenski (1892-1898) Secvala flaviane gorodeckim (1898-1901), mis Semdeg

yovel erT-or weliwadSi, vidre 1915 wlamde, Seicvalnen egzarqosebi

aleqsi opocki 1901-1905, nikoloz nalimovi, nikon sofiiski 1906-1908,

inokenti beliaevi 1909-1913, aleqsi molCanovi, pitirime oknovi. saqarTve-

los ukanaskneli egzarqosi iyo platon roJdestvenski (1915-1917).

avtokefaluri moZraobis dawyeba

qarTuli eklesiis dasacavad xma aRimaRles TviT rusi eris saukeTeso

Svilebma. maT azrs angariSs uwevdnen peterburgsa da moskovSi da didi

gavlenac iqonies saerTod qarTuli eklesiis aftokefaliis aRdgenis pro-

cesze. erT-erTi aseTi iyo cnobili swavluli, slavofili nikoloz durno-

vo, romlis aqtiur Rvawls qvemoT SevexebiT, manamde ki unda aRiniSnos

erovnebiT qarTveli miqael-gobron sabininis roli. marTalia, mas avtoke-

faluri moZraobis procesSi uSualo monawileoba ar miuRia, magram pirvelma

gamoaqveyna peterburgsa da TbilisSi qarTuli eklesiis avtoritetis ama-

RlebisaTvis didmniSvnelovani Txzulebebi, romelTac warmoaCines im droi-

saTvis ukve TiTqmis daviwyebas micemuli qarTuli eklesiis warsuli brwy-

invaleba da sidiade (70-ian80-ian wlebSi), ufro adre qarTuli kulturis

moamagem da mosiyvarulem gr. gagarinma aRadgina qarTuli freskebi sionSi,

moxata carieli kedlebi eklesiisa, Seadgina albomebi qarTuli yofa-cx-

ovrebisa da siZvelisa.

samwuxarod, XIX saukuneSi saqarTveloSi araTu gaZlierda marTlma-

didebloba, aramed piriqiT, ganelda qarTvelTa mxurvale sarwmunoeba. ker-

Zo pirebis mier mowodebuli cnobebidan da oficialuri angariSebidanac

ki Cans, rom qarTvelebi aRar dadiodnen eklesiebSi ise, rogorc Zvelad,

naklebad ambobdnen aRsarebas, ar eziarebodnen, qveyana daadga zneobrivi

gadagvarebis gzas, XIX s-is 80-iani wlebidan daiwyo eklesiebis Zarcva

yaCaRTa jgufebis mier. amis mizezad miiCnies is, rom ruseTis wmida sinod-

ma ver SeZlo qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi patronoba, warmoiSva idea,

rom mxolod erovnuli eklesiis aRdgeniT iqneboda SesaZlebeli mdgomar-

1102 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

eobis gamosworeba. eklesia daiyo or mebrZol frTad, erTni, avtokefaliis

momxreni _ miiCnevdnen, rom ruseTis imperia saqarTveloSi egzarqosebad

iseT pirebs niSnavda, romelTac gansakuTrebuli siZulvili hqondaT yove-

live qarTulis mimarT, rom maT moSales kaTedrebi da daxures eklesia-

monastrebi, qarTuli sasuliero da saero saswavleblebi, maT dros gaiZarc-

va asobiT eklesia, gaibna Zvirfasi arqeologiuri masala, rom isini Seuracx-

yofdnen da abuCad igdebdnen qarTul RvTismsaxurebas, galobas, xalxis zne-

Cveulebebs, devnidnen mowinaaRmdegeebs, isini da maTi samRvdeloeba ar flobdnen

xalxis enas (e. i. qarTuls), SemoiRes rusulenovani wirva-locva da sxv.

meore jgufi mxars uWerda arsebul mdgomareobas. maTi azriT, XIX s-Si

mowesrigda iqamde eklesiaSi arsebuli qaosuri mdgomareoba, damyarda wesri-

gi, samRvdeloebas mieca sarCo, xelfasi, pensiebi. gaTavisuflda mahmadianTa

batonobis qveS myofi mxareebi, sadac aRdga an ganmtkicda qristianoba, gaixsna

uamravi sasuliero da saero saswavlebeli, aRdgenil-gamSvenierebul iqna

eklesiebi da monastrebi. mTis regionebSi _ oseTsa da sxvagan, komisiebis

daxmarebiT aRorZinda da ganmtkicda Seryeuli marTlmadidebloba, moinaTla

gamahmadianeba-gawarmarTebis piras misuli mTieli tomebi da sxv.

unda aRiniSnos, rom TiTqmis erTi saukunis manZilze qarTuli eklesia

ruseTis imperiaSi arsebuli umZimesi viTarebis msxverpls warmoadgenda,

kerZod, Tu XIX s-is dasawyisSi igi zewolas ganicdida imperiis kavkasiis

mxrisaken gafarToebis gamo, XX saukuneSi eklesia ryevas ganicdida im-

periis daSlisaken midrekilebis gamo.

XX s-is dasawyisSive aSkarad gamoikveTa niSnebi imperiis rRvevisa.

kavkasia, romlis dapyrobasac ruseTma TiTqmis asi weli moandoma, gaTavisu-

flebisaken miiltvoda, aseT dros eklesias daakisres mZime movaleoba.

imperiis sasuliero uwyeba aRniSnavda: `kavkasia unda davipyroT xelmeo-

red da am SemTxvevaSi sruliad sxva iaraRiT. am sulieri gamarjvebis

gareSe ar iqneba myari fizikuri dapyroba. aseTi gamarjveba aris sarwmu-

noebrivi gamarjveba. dadga dro, rodesac Cven Rone unda vixmaroT, rom

SemovirigoT adgilobrivi tomebi, SevirwyaT isini, movikedloT, davipyroT

maTi suli da guli~22.

imperiis gansamtkiceblad saWiro iyo imperiaSi ecxovra erT enaze mola-

parake, erTi sarwmunoebis mqone, qveynisadmi erTgul mosaxleobas. dRis

wesrigSi dadga qarTvelebis, ise, rogorc sxva xalxebis, rusebSi asimilacia-

Serwymis sakiTxi. gaZlierda qarTuli enis winaaRmdeg brZola saegzarqosos

mxridan ` ruseTTan erT erovnebad Serwymis mizniT~, romelic jer kidev XIX

s-is bolodan daiwyo samegrelosa da svaneTSi qarTuli enis akrZalviT

saswavleblebsa da RvTismsaxurebaSi. zogierTi rusi reaqciulad ganwyo-

bili sasuliero piri, mag. vostorgovi, pirdapir acxadebda, rom imperiis

interesebisaTvis saWiro iyo qarTvelebis garuseba eklesiis daxmarebiT.

ufro adre msgavs pirebs ebrZoda wmida episkoposi gabriel qiqoZe.

1103s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

eklesiis erTma frTam, romelic qarTuli eklesiis Tavisuflebis aRd-

genaze ocnebobda, Sesabamisad upasuxa mTavrobasTan daaxloebulTa meore

frTis am qmedebas. es kargad Cans kaTalikos-patriarq kalistrates me-

muarebidan. egzarqos pavles dros reqtor Cudeckis mkvlelobam daZaba

urTierToba, ` qarTvelebi iyurebian borotad, yvela qarTveli unda daviTx-

ovoT, Tu ar gvinda seminariis sruli demoralizacia~, _ werda peterbur-

gidan Camosuli seminariis revizori23. kaTalikos-patriarqi kalistrate

wers, rom seminariaSi swavlisas studentebma ukve icodnen, rom egzarqose-

bis mizani iyo ` mrevlis garuseba~24. axal egzarqosebs eSinodaT saqarTveloSi

Camosvla, radganac fiqrobdnen, rom maT daxocavdnen25. marTlac, XX s-is

dasawyisSi 1908 wels mokles egzarqosi nikoni. rusul ierarqiaSi saqarTve-

los ukve uwodebdnen `velur da sastik mxares~, romlis qarTveli ierar-

qebis `idumali da faruli gulisnadebi~ iyo qarTuli eklesiis gamoxsna26.

wmida ilia marTlisa da qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebisbrZola avtokefaliis aRsadgenad

axal, XX saukunes saqarTvelos saegzarqoso, imperiuli TvalsazrisiT,

welgamarTuli Sexvda: `1901 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos saegzarqosos far-

glebSi moqmedebda 485 saeklesio samrevlo skola, sasuliero seminaria,

200 codnis skola, romlebSic 26 763 bavSvi swavlobda... Tu ra yuradRebas

uTmobda mefis mTavroba ganaTlebis saqmes da, kerZod, sasuliero ganaTlebis

saqmes, amaze metyvelebs is faqti, rom 1898 wels mTavrobam saqarTvelos

eklesiebis SesakeTeblad gaiRo 11 645 maneTi, xolo sasuliero saswavle-

blebis SekeTebaze daixarja 750 man. amave dros mosaxleobis religiur

aRzrdas saqarTvelos saegzarqosoSi, romelic aerTianebda 1 167 751 mar-

Tlmadidebels (aq naCvenebi mosaxleobis umetesoba saqarTveloSi cxovrobda),

emsaxureboda 34 monasteri (aqedan, 5 qalTa), 24 sakrebulo taZari, 1 629

samrevloStatiani da 720 miwerili eklesia. garda aRniSnulisa, skolebTan

arsebobda 18 eklesia, xolo sasaflaoebze 58, sul saqarTvelos saegzar-

qosoSi iyo 2 486 eklesia da monasteri, romelSic saqmianobda 3 954 umaR-

lesi da dabali wodebis sasuliero piri~27.

rogorc vxedavT, cifrebi STambeWdavia, magram miuxedavad am garegnuli

wesrigisa, eklesiis qarTveli mamebi da ierarqebi uaRres ukmayofilebas

gamoTqvamdnen. marTalia, ruseTma SeZlo moewesrigebina saukunis dasawyis-

Si qaosur mdgomareobaSi myofi eklesia, magram daikarga mTavari, risTvisac

saerTod arsebobs igi, _ xalxSi ganelda sarwmunoeba, ufro metic, xalxma

TiTqmis zurgi Seaqcia eklesias. is, rac aqamde xalxis sulieri yofis

aucilebel nawils Seadgenda eklesiuroba, axla ufro formalur mxared

iqca. eklesia ara sulieri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofilebel, aramed say-

1104 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

ofacxovrebo daniSnulebis elementad iqca. marTalia, XIX s-is dasawyisSi,

avtokefaliis gauqmebis dros, saqarTveloSi SeiZleba ar icodnen eklesia-

monastrebis Tu samRvdelo pirebis zusti raodenoba, maTi Semosaval-gasavali,

magram sasuliero wodeba Sesabamis simaRleze idga, movaleobis aRsruleba

Rirsebisa da Tavdadebis sagans Seadgenda, qarTveli kaci mzad iyo sic-

ocxle daeTmo sarwmunoebisaTvis, misi dacva-SenaxvisaTvis. erTi saukunis

Semdeg ki sarwmunoebas mxolod formaluri, garegnuli daniSnuleba mieni-

Wa. formam Seiwira Sinaarsi.

kidev ufro uaresi da sarwmunoebisaTvis damRupveli iyo is, rom ruse-

Tis imperia cdilobda marTlmadidebloba gamoeyenebina iaraRad qarTvelebis

rus erSi asimilacia-gaTqvefisaTvis. es miutevebeli Secdoma iyo. Tu qarTveli

erisTvis aTaswleulTa manZilze marTlmadideblobasa da qarTvelobas

erTi mniSvneloba hqonda, erovnebis SenarCuneba-dacvas swored marTlma-

dideblobiT axerxebda, axla ukve ruseTis imperiaSi cxovrebisas mdgomar-

eoba mkveTrad Seicvala. qarTuli eklesiis mamebi da eris saukeTeso

Svilebi mixvdnen, rom sarwmunoebis gadasarCenad saWiro iyo eklesiis

ganSoreba rusuli imperiuli manqanisagan, saWiro iyo aRdgena Zveli saek-

lesio wyobisa _ avtokefaliisa.

cnobilia, saqarTvelos eklesia imis gamo, rom igi XIX s-Si ruseTis

eklesiis nawilad iqca, ukve aRar iwodeboda qarTulad. amis gamo, avtoke-

faliis moTxovnis oficialurad warmoCenamde qarTvelma mRvdelmTavrebma

daisaxes ori miznis Sesruleba: 1. rogorme wm. sinodis saimperatoro

karisa da piradad imperatorisaTvis miewodebinaT cnobebi qarTuli ek-

lesiis Zveli didebisa da avtoritetis Sesaxeb; 2. rogorme saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoriis codna gadaecaT momavali TaobebisaTvis. Cvenma ierar-

qiam isargebla 1901 wels mowyobili didi zeimiT, romelic aRiniSna saqarTve-

los ruseTTan `SeerTebis~ 100 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad da wm. sinods

gaugzavna swored aRniSnuli Sinaarsis Semcveli Txovna. am vrcel doku-

ments, romelSic gamowvlilviTaa gadmocemuli istoriuli simarTle qarTuli

eklesiis aTaswlovani istoriidan, misi udidesi gavlena qarTvelTa suli-

er da saero yofaze, erTvis Txovna wmida sinodisadmi, raTa man ` peterbur-

gis Teologiis akademiaSi daaarsos qarTuli saeklesio istoriis damoukide-

beli kaTedra, sadac Seiswavlian xelnawerebs, saeklesio arqiteqturul

Zeglebsa da yvelafers, rac ki qarTul eklesias exeba. es naSromebi axali

cnobebiT gaamdidreben Teologiur da saeklesio literaturas da naTels

mohfenen msoflio marTlmadidebluri eklesiis jer kidev naklebad Ses-

wavlil furclebs~28. ruseTis imperiaSi revoluciuri procesebis dawye-

bamac daaCqara ukve oficialur doneze avtokefaliis moTxovnis wamowyeba.

am moTxovnebiT mravaljer mimarTes imperatorsa da wmida sinods.

1105s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

1905 wlis 11 oqtombers qarTvelma dide-

bulebma mimarTes kavkasiis mefisnacvals da

gadasces werilobiTi dokumenti, raTa impe-

ratorisaTvis mierTmia. wmida ilia marTlis

arqivSi daculi xelnaweris teqsti (xel-

nawerTa inst. i. WavW. fondi, saqme #202)

warmoadgens ilias mier warmoTqmuli moxs-

enebis nawils saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoke-

faliis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans,

es sityva iliam waikiTxa voroncov-daSk-

ovTan audienciisas. gazeT ` cnobis furcels~

gamouqveynebia imperatorisaTvis gadasacemi

dokumentis nawili: `Tqveno brwyinvalebav,

16 saukunea iveriis xalxi Tayvansa scems

wmida jvars uflisas. bevri, bevri mZime gan-

sacdeli da ubedureba gamoiara am xalxma sarwmunoebis gulisaTvis, mTeli

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi qarTveloba aRmosavleT qveynebis mpyrobelTa

ulmobeli uRlis qveS kvnesoda. iTmenda sisastikes, magram iveriis ekle-

sia mainc Seuryeveli da cxoveli iyo. Zlieri iyo suli da uZleveli Zala

misi, damyarebuli mwyemsTa da samwysoTa Soris mtkice erTobaze, didebulia

da qebuli wamebulTa sisxliT morwyuli is gza, romelzedac Seudreklad

mihyavda, amxnevebda, anugeSebda da uTiTebda qristianobis sazogadoebrivi

da saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis miznisa da idealebisaken. magram gavida

ukanaskneli 100 weli, rodesac qarTuli eklesiis bed-iRbals ganagebdnen

rusi egzarqosebi da rasa vxedavT axla? sarwmunoeba moklulia qarTvel

xalxSi, indiferentizmma moicva yvela nawili mcxovrebTa, romelmac daibu-

da TviT morwmuneTa gulSiac. eklesiebi carielia did sauflo dResaswauleb-

Siac ki; eklesiebi TiTqmis yoveldRe iZarcvebian, rac warsul saukuneebSi

ar naxula da ar gagonila. mrevli uars ucxadebs mRvdels da aRar uxdis

arafers saeklesio saRmrTo wesis SesrulebisaTvis da zogierTs adgileb-

Si sruliadac uaryofs mas. saqarTvelos samRvdeloeba ukidures mdgomar-

eobaSia Cayenebuli, werilobiT Tu deputatebis piriT, saqarTvelos egzar-

qoss ucxadebs, rom SimSiliT sikvdili moelis da Tu mTavrobam ar uzrun-

velyo igi, iZulebuli iqneba uaryos mwyemsTmsaxureba da daubrundes eris

kacobas da saeriskaco saqmiT gamonaxon TviT arsebobisaTvis saWiro sazr-

do. erTi sityviT, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia amJamad saSinel

sulTmobZravis mdgomareobaSia. esa xdeba maSin, rodesac eklesiis sxva

xalxs sarwmunoeba mtkiced aqvs daculi da samRvdeloebac uzrunvelyo-

fili. ra aris mizezi saqarTvelos eklesiis ase dacemisa? ra aris mizezi

sarwmunoebis ganqrobisa saqarTveloSi, im qarTvelebSi, romelzedac bizan-

tiis SesaniSnavi istorikosi prokofi kesariisa ambobs: `iverielni yvela

1106 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

xalxebze ukeT inaxaven wess qristianobriv sarwmunoebisas~. mizezi is

aris, rom iveriis eklesias waerTva yovelive is, riTac cocxlobda, Zlieri

iyo igi da riTac scocxlobdnen kavkasiis sxva erebis eklesiebi. Seswyda

sicocxlis ZarRvi. ganhqra eklesiasa da mis meTaurebs Soris kavSiri,

romelic mtkiced damyarebuli iyo STamomavlobisa, enisa, gadmocemaTa da

sulier mSobliur erTobaze, waerTva TviTmmarTveloba, gauqmda saerovno

wesi, romelic qvakuTxedi iyo organizaciisa, amJamad saqarTvelos eklesias

aRar hyavs meTauri, aRar aqvs kanonieri avtokefalia. exlandeli meTaurni

ucxoni arian iveriis eklesiisaTvis; ucxoni arian exlandeli mwyemsnic,

aRzrdilebi xalxis winaaRmdeg mimarTulebaSi. eseni moklebulni arian

niWs sityvierebisas mSobliur enaze da xalxis TvalSi warmoadgenen mx-

olod sasuliero uwyebebis moxeleT. amgvar pirobebSi eklesia unda

dacemuliyo da aki marTlac daeca. saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur ek-

lesiis saxsnelad saWiroa mieces Tavisufali sicocxle, daubrundes Zve-

li kanonieri marTva-gamgeoba, srulad daubrundes xalxis mier arCeuli

kaTalikosi srulis uflebebiTa da valdebulebebiT, iveriis eklesiis ga-

mosabruneblad sxva gza ar aris. eseTi reforma SesZlebs mxolod, Seas-

woros 100 wlis usamarTloba da amasTanave xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelosa

da ruseTis politikuri erTobis ganmtkicebas, radgan es erToba ise Zli-

erad arafriT ar sustdeba, rogorc imiT, rom qarTveli xalxi moklebulia

im did uflebas, romliTac savsebiT sargebloben mezobeli xalxebi.

Tqveno brwyinvalebav! ganzraxuli avtonomia kavkasiis eklesiisa mitro-

politis meTaurobiT ver daakmayofilebs qarTvel ers, romelic gulmok-

lulad miegeba am ambavs da scno, rom am cvlilebebiT moespoba saqarTve-

los eklesias mravalsaukunovani arsebobis ukanaskneli kvali; ara, saWiroa

aRdgenil iqnes saqarTveloSi sakaTalikoso uflebani da ai, amitom Cven,

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan Sekrebilni, wevrni saqarTvelos eklesi-

isani vTxovT Tqvens brwyinvalebas, aRmouCinoT Zlieri daxmareba am Sua-

mdgomlobas, romelic aRZra amer-imereTis samRvdeloebam mis imperatoro-

biT udidebulesobisa da uwmindesi sinodis winaSe, rom aRdgenil iqnas

iveriis eklesiis avtokefaluri uflebani, amorCeuli kaTalikosis meTau-

robiT. Cven Rrmad gvwams, rom Tqveni avtoritetuli da samarTliani gamo-

qomagebaDSewynarebuli iqneba xelmwife imperatoris mier da daubrundeba

saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefalia, ise, rogorc mxolod Tqveni Suamdgom-

lobiTve daubrunda somexTa avtokefalur eklesias mamulebi da naciona-

luri saeklesio samrevlo skolebi. ganaxleba saqarTvelos avtokefaluri

eklesiisa sxva reformebTan erTad, romelTac moulodnelad moelis xalxi,

Cven qveyanas waiyvans mSvidobianobisaken~29.

am dokumentis gadacemis win, Cans, ilias warmouTqvams sityva, romlis

teqstic ilias pirad saarqivo fondSia daculi: `Tqveno brwyinvalebav,

1107s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

ruseTis farglebSi yvela araruss (inorodecs) sarwmunoebrivi marTvis

saqmeSi damoukidebloba aqvs. somxebi, musulmanebi, ebraelebi da a.S. Tavian-

Ti aRmsareblobis mmarTvelobaSi TavisTavadni arian. maT aqvT sakuTari

sasuliero saswavleblebi, sadac swavla mSobliur enazea da yoveldRe

mSobliuris swavlebas daTmobili aqvs farTo adgili. maT damoukideblad

marTavs sakuTari samRvdeloeba. ucnauria, rom am sikeTes moklebulni

arian mxolod marTlmadidebelni qarTvelebi, TiTqosda sasjelad maTi

marTlmadideblobis gamo.

martooden marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebis uuflebobam SeiZleba warmoS-

vas azri, rom ararusebisaTvis erovnuli gagebiT marTlmadideblur ruseTSi

momgebiani araa marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis aRmsarebloba. saqmis aseTi

viTareba SeiZleba aixsnas mxolod raRac gaugebrobiT, romelsac amdeni

xania mxolod ziani moaqvs marTlmadideblobisaTvis.

amgvari aragonivruli viTarebis Semdgomi SenarCuneba, Cveni azriT, miC-

neuli unda iqnes udides saxelmwifoebriv da religiur Secdomad.

amitomac gansaxilvelad warmogidgenT Suamdgomlobas qarTuli eklesi-

isaTvis mis wiaRSi uZvelesi droidan arsebuli avtokefaliis dabrunebis

Sesaxeb: vimedovnebT, rom amiT vasrulebT Cvens moqalaqeobriv vals da

vsasoebT, rom am TxovniT Tqveni brwyinvalebis mxardaWera daimsaxuros~30.

1905 wels mefisnacvlisadmi mxolod moTxovnis wardgeniT ar dakmay-

ofilebula ilia. peterburgSi saqmis ganxilvamde Tavad sagangebod eaxla

wmida sinodis oberprokurors a. d. obolenskis, romelsac dawvrilebiT

ganumarta saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis arsi, rom am sak-

iTxis mougvarebloba momtani iyo mravali ubedurebisa31. rogorc Cans,

peterburgSi gamgzavrebamde ilia sagangebod emzadeboda sinodis ober-

prokurorTan Sesaxvedrad, iRrmavebda codnas qarTuli eklesiis avtoke-

faliis Sesaxeb. amas miuTiTebs ilias monawileoba 1905 wlis Tbilisis wm.

nikolozis eklesiis saswavleblis SenobaSi gamarTul yrilobaSi, romelic

mieZRvna qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs. yrilobaze gamosuli

oratorebi moiTxovdnen saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg

dabruneboda CamorTmeuli miwebi32.

zemoaRniSnul Sexvedraze, mefisnacval voroncov-daSkovs ar gamouTq-

vams survili avtokefaliis aRdgenisa, mas ganucxadebia: damarwmuneT, rom

eg avtokefalia sasargeblo iqneba saqarTvelosaTvisac da ruseTisaTvisac

da maSin dagiWerT mxarso, Tanac yuradReba miupyria im sakiTxisaTvis, rom

kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT, erT saxelmwifoSi erTi eklesiis arsebobaa neba-

darTuli. maSasadame, erT ruseTis imperiaSi ori avtokefaluri (saqarTvelosa

da ruseTis) eklesiis arseboba uxerxulobas Seqmnida. ilias Semdgom

konsultaciebi miuRia am sakiTxze qarTvel sasuliero pirTagan. eqvTime

TayaiSvili aRwers im drois viTarebas: `bolos da bolos gadavwyviteT

didi demonstracia mogvewyo da avtokefalia mogveTxova, Tan unda wagveRo

1108 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

bairaRebi da plakatebi warwerebiT: `aRgvidgineT avtokefalia~ da sxva.

wamoiWra sakiTxi: vin unda gaZRoloda win am araCveulebriv demonstra-

cias? iliam gviTxra: `Tu saWiroa, me wagiZRvebiTo!~33.

avtokefaliis moTxovna, wamoyenebuli qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis mier,

namdvil saxalxo moZraobad iqca. yvelas amxnevebda ilias Tanadgoma.

wmida ilia marTlis binaze ikribeboda sazogadoeba am sakiTxze msjelobi-

saTvis, Sekrebebs eswreboda akaki wereTeli, niko nikolaZe, iakob gogebaS-

vili da sxv. ilias ufro gamowvlilviT gaacnes misTvis saintereso sak-

iTxebi da igi, ukve momzadebuli, gaemgzavra peterburgSi. al. cagarelTan

erTad eaxla peterburgis mitropolit antonis. `orive qarTveli xangr-

Zlivad ebaasa sinodis Tavmjdomares qarTvelTa eklesiis Tavisuflebaze.

am vizitis Semdeg ilia ufro arkvevda saWiro masalebs, rasakvirvelia,

moxsenebisaTvis~34.

ruseTis mTavrobam marTlac ganixila qarTvelTa mier dayenebuli sak-

iTxi da igi gadasawyvetad miando ruseTis momaval saeklesio krebas. am

krebis mosamzadebel TaTbirebze, 1906-1907 wlebSi, iyo msjeloba am saki-

Txzec. masSi monawileobdnen episkoposebi kirion saZagliSvili, leonide

oqropiriZe da eqvTime eliaSvili. es ukanaskneli TiTqosda mxars ar

uWerda avtokefalias. kirioni da leonide ki araTu mxardamWerni, aramed

wamomwyebni iyvnen avtokefalurobis ideisa. TaTbirSi monawileobdnen pro-

fesorebi: aleqsandre cagareli, aleqsandre xaxanaSvili, niko mari. yvela

maTganma sxdomebze waikiTxa moxseneba. ep. kirionma oTxi moxseneba wai-

kiTxa. pirvelSi naCvenebi iyo, Tu romel saukuneSi miiRo qarTulma ekle-

siam avtokefalia da misi gauqmebiT romeli kanonebi dairRva (mociqulTa

30-e da 35-e, antioqiis krebis 22-e kanoni). meore moxseneba exeboda mZime

sarwmunoebriv yofas saqarTveloSi da mis gamosasworeblad avtokefaliis

aRdgenis saWiroebas. mesame moxsenebaSi naCvenebi iyo, rom sxvadasxva wyaros

cnobebi XI s-Si iberiisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWebis Sesaxeb, sinamdvileSi

gulisxmobda tao-klarjeTis iverias. mcxeTis eklesia maSin ukve avtoke-

faluri iyo. meoTxe Seexeboda eklesiaTa mowyobis erovnul princips.

didmniSvnelovani iyo prof. cagarelis, prof. al. xaxanaSvilis vrceli

moxsenebani. maTTan erTad qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias icavda ori

rusi mecnieri: peterburgis sasuliero akademiis profesori ivane sokolovi,

moskovis akademiis profesori zaozerski, magram TaTbiris monawileTa

umetesobam sakiTxi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb aRiara

usafuZvlod. maT Soris aqtiurobdnen mtrebi qarTuli eklesiis TavisTava-

dobisa: prof. glubokovski, ostroumovi, episk. stefane, dekanozi vostor-

govi, butkeviCi da sxvebi35. 20 kacisagan Semdgarma sinodis komisiam ugule-

belyo sakiTxi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisa. wm. sinodma

dausjelad ar datova arc erTi sasuliero piri, romelnic aRniSnul

sakiTxs ayenebdnen. saqarTvelodan gaaZeva episkoposi kirioni. kirions

1109s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

daabrales 1908 wlis 28 maiss saqarTvelos egzarqos nikonis mkvlelobaSi

monawileoba. am ciliswamebam ukiduresad aRaSfoTa morwmuneni.

ilias mokvlisa da imperiaSi reaqciis gamarjvebis Semdeg, qarTvelma

avtokefalistebma gadawyvites TavianTi ideis xalxis gulamde mitana wignebis

gamocemiT. am periodSi daibeWda mravali Sroma, miZRvnili qarTuli ek-

lesiis avtokefaliisadmi. pirveli msoflio omis bolo periodSi, ruseTis

imperiis politikuri ryevis dawyebisas moZraoba kvlav aRorZinda. sam-

Rvdeloebam mTeli simZafriT wamoayena avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxi.

1916 wlidan saqarTvelos sxvadasxva eparqiaSi mowveuli krebebi iRebdnen

gadawyvetilebebs TviTmwysobis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. eklesiis Tavisufleba

miaCndaT sawindrad saqarTvelos momavali gaTavisuflebisa, ris imedsac

omSi ruseTis imperiis damarcxeba aRZravda. wm. sinodi iZulebuli Seiqna,

mieRo iseTi RonisZiebani, rac CaaxSobda avtokefalistTa moZraobas, amasTan

dakavSirebiT wm. sinodma ganixila sami RonisZieba:

1. daearsebinaT kavkasiis samitropolito (mas unda CaexSo saqarTvelos

avtokefaliis moTxovna);

2. soxumis eparqiis proeqti (mas saqarTvelos saegzarqosodan unda

moewyvita afxazeTis regioni);

3. daxuruliyo saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantora (saqarTvelos

avtokefaluri eklesia swored mis bazaze unda warmoqmniliyo, misi gauqme-

biT avtokefaliis moTxovnas safuZveli gamoecleboda).

1916 wels marTlac daarsebula `kavkasiis samitropolito~. misi Seqm-

nis sakiTxs sinodi aTi wliT adrec ixilavda. saqarTvelos saegzarqo-

sodan gamoiyo soxumis eparqia da saqarTvelos saegzarqosos ewoda kavkasiis

samitropolito olqi.

ruseTis imperiaSi 1917 wlis Tebervlis

revoluciis Semdeg qarTvelma samRvdeloe-

bam gadawyvita uswrafesad esargebla Seqmn-

ili momentiT da gamoecxadebina avtokefaliis

aRdgena. 1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTaSi Seikri-

ba aTiaTasobiT morwmune. swires mRvdelmT-

avrebma leonidem, giorgim, antonma da pir-

osim. aq iyvnen saqarTvelos eparqiaTa warmo-

madgenlebi, sagubernio da samazro marSle-

bi. sveticxovelSi wirvisas ` ganicadeze~ sity-

viT gamovida episkoposi leonide da gamo-

acxada saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaluri

marTva-gamgeobis aRdgena. miuloca istoriu-

li dRe mTel qarTvel xalxs. wirvis damTavre-

bis Semdeg `mravalJamieri~ ugalobes sino-

1110 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

dis mier dasjil episkoposebs kirions da daviTs, arqimandrit ambrosi

xelaias, gadasaxlebulT.

ambionidan gamocxadda, rom 1. 1917 wlis 12 martidan grZeldeba saqarTve-

los eklesiis avtokefalia; 2. droebiT, kaTalikosis arCevamde, eklesiis

gamged iniSneba guria-odiSis episkoposi leonide; 3. xolo eklesiis mma-

rTveloba evaleba aRmasrulebel komitets, romelSic Sedian sasuliero

da saero pirebi. imave dRes iqve Sedga oqmi, imave, oRond ufro ganmartebi-

Ti Sinaarsisa, romelsac daemata erTi muxli, rom es dadgenileba unda

moxseneboda ruseTis axali mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, ministrTa sabWos,

sinodis oberprokurors b. lvovs da Tbilisis kavkasiis komisariats. mas

mRvdelmTavarTa da sasuliero pirebTan erTad xeli moaweres Tavad-

aznaurebma da xalxma36. gadawyda, qarTvel samRvdeloebas Seewyvita kavSi-

ri yofil egzarqossa da saegzarqososTan. Txovnebi da moxsenebebi unda

gaegzavnaT leonidesa da eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobasTan, qarTul

enaze unda Sedgeniliyo dokumentebi; wirvisas sinodis nacvlad kaTaliko-

sis mosaydre unda moexsenebinaT.

meore dRes, 13 marts, episkoposma leonidem oficialurad ganucxada

egzarqos platons, rom igi mcxeTis krebis dadgenilebiT gadayenebulia

Tanamdebobidan da movalea eklesiis yoveli saqme da qoneba gadasces

kaTalikosis mosaydres37.

14 marts TbilisSi mowveulma krebam daadgina sionSi rusulis nacvlad

RvTismsaxurebis qarTul enaze Catareba. amasobaSi ruseTis droebiTma

mTavrobam ganixila 1917 wlis 12 martis aqti da daadgina: ` mieces saqarTve-

los eklesias avtokefalia ara teritoriuli, aramed erovnuli niSnis

mixedviT. marTlmadidebeli rusebisa da araqarTvelebis eklesiebi darC-

nen ruseTis sinodis gamgeobis qveS. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRiareba sabolood ekuTvnis ruseTis damfuZnebel krebas~38.

es dadgenileba miiRes 27 marts, 29 marts ki Sedga qarTvelTa saekle-

sio kreba, romelmac daadgina, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis erovnuli niSniT

avtokefalia ewinaaRmdegeba saeklesio kanonebs. amiT erTmaneTs daupir-

ispirdeba rus-qarTvel morwmuneTa interesebi. amitomac saqarTvelos unda

mieces teritoriuli avtokefalia.

1917 wlis aprilSi ruseTis mTavrobam saeklesio sakiTxis Sesaswavlad

gamoagzavna prof. beneSeviCi rusTa interesebis dasacavad.

1917 wlis 15 agvistos saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobam aRadgina

Tbilisis qarTuli samitropolito kaTedra. es momenti udides movlenad

miiCneoda, radganac rusi episkoposi Tbilisis mitropolitad acxadebda

Tavs da cdilobda rusi mrevlis damwysvas. kaTedra Tavis xelSi aiRo

episkoposma leonidem.

1111s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

23 agvistos qarTvelma samRvdeloebam daikava egzarqosis saxli.

amasobaSi droebiTma mTavrobam daamtkica debuleba `ruseTis saxelmwi-

foSi saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~. ruseTi

cnobda saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul avtokefalias, aniWebda mas

ruseTis eklesiis Tanabar iuridiul mdgomareobas, eZleoda xazinidan

Sesanaxi Tanxebi. ase rom, saqarTvelos saegzarqosos iuridiul memkvi-

dred gamocxadda saqarTvelos eklesia39.

yofilma egzarqosma iCivla moskovis saeklesio krebaze da ganacxada,

rom saqarTvelo CamoSorda marTlmadideblobas avtokefaliis aRdgeniT.

ase rom, mxolod droebiTi mTavrobis dadgenileba ar iyo sakmarisi

eklesiis mdgomareobis gansamtkiceblad. 1917 wlis 3-12 agvistos sxdome-

bze gadawyda, mowveuliyo saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba da mTeli saqarTvelo-

dan Sekrebiliyvnen delegatebi.

1917 wlis 8 seqtembers sionis taZarSi saeklesio krebaze Seikriba 600

delegati. aq iyvnen Tbilisis mitropoliti leonide oqropiriZe, episko-

posebi: piros oqropiriZe, anton giorgaZe, giorgi aladaSvili, arqiman-

dritebi, ber-monazvnebi, saeroni. episkoposi kirioni krebis pirvel sxd-

omebs ar daswrebia. krebas Tavmjdomareobda leonide. prezidiumis wevre-

bi iyvnen giorgi Juruli, trifon jafariZe da spiridon kedia. krebam

ganixila eklesiis sxvadasxva saSinao sakiTxi, maT Soris umTavresi iyo

eparqiebisa da sakaTalikoso sabWos Seqmnis sakiTxi. 17 seqtembers daini-

Sna kaTalikos-patriarqis arCevnebi. kenWi eyara or kandidats episkopos

kirionsa da mitropolit leonides. arCevnebSi monawileobda 440 kaci.

faruli kenWisyriT leonidem miiRo 230 xma, kirionma _ 241. 11 xmis

upiratesobiT kaTalikosad gamocxadda kirioni. mas ugalobes `aqsios~.

imave dRes, saRamos, amoirCies episkoposebi: quTaTel mitropolitad anton

giorgaZe, Wyondidel mitropolitad ambrosi xelaia, urbnel episkoposad

daviT kaWaxiZe, alaverdis episkoposad piros oqropiriZe40.

kaTalikos-patriarqma kirionma ` gujariT~ mimarTa ` didebulsa da RvTiv-

dacul iverias~, romelSic, kerZod, naTqvami iyo: ` ganmtkiceba axlad aRdge-

nil eklesiisa mis istoriul uflebebSi ai, pirveli sazrunavi. dRes

valad aZevs Cvens eklesias emsaxuros imave ideas da medgrad gaaxsenos

kacobriobas saxeli qarTveli erisa. man xeli unda Seuwyos Cvens ganmtki-

ceba-gaerTianebas, raTa kacobriobis ferxulSi Cvenc vpovoT Sesaferi da

damsaxurebuli adgili. ai, meore sazrunavi Cveni!~41.

kirionma epistoleebiT mimarTa ` aRmosavleTis patriarqebs~, romis paps, somexTa

kaTalikos-patriarqs, amcno maT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena.

kaTalikos-patriarqis taxtze asvla kirions pirvelma miuloca Tbilelma

mitropolitma leonidem: ` me miorkecdeba Zal-Rone, rom marto ara var da

megulebiT Cveni eklesiis umaRles xelmZRvanelad. fics vdeb, mTeli Cemi

arsebiT dagexmaroT tvirTis zidvaSi, Cveni eklesiis saqmis gaZRolaSi~42.

1112 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

mitropoliti leonide iyo erT-erTi udidesi Semoqmedi qarTuli ekles-

iis avtokefaliisa kirionTan erTad, romlis Rvawli didad daafasa saek-

lesio krebam.

kirionis moRvaweobis suraTi kargadaa gadmocemuli missave sityvaSi,

romelic warmoTqva 1917 wlis 21 seqtembers Tedo Jordanias saflavze:

`eqvsi weli vswavlobdiT seminariaSi erTad da Semdeg akademiis damTavre-

bisa sxvadasxva asparezze mogvixda samsaxuri. Sen sayvarel samSobloSi,

me ki ucxoeTSi. aqedan iwyeba Cveni moRvaweoba samSoblo eklesiis aRsad-

genad. iseTi Zneli dro iyo maSin, rom avtokefaliaze mxolod CurCuliT

laparaki SegveZlo. gamoCnda ruseTSi RvTisnieri da patiosani adamiani n.

n. durnovo, romelic qadagebda uSiSrad Cveni eklesiis avtokefaliazed.

Cvenc amovudegiT mas mxarSi da SevudegiT saqmes. aravis egona, rom durn-

ovo rusi iyo. fiqrobdnen, rom Cemi gvari (saZagliSvili) rusulad gada-

vTargmne da me mawerdnen amis cxel-cxel statiebs. 32-33 weliwadi viR-

vaweT erTad da ai, veRirseniT imas, rasac mouTmenlad moelodnen Cveni

winaparni. CamogZaxeb saflavSi: gixarodes erTgulo muSako... Cveni didi

xnis natvra asrulda, aRsdga kvlav saqarTvelo, auwye Cvens winaparT, rom

vsunTqavT Tavisufal eklesiaSi...~ (episkopos kirionis fondi 11245). kiri-

oni TavdadebiT Seudga eklesiis aRorZinebis saqmes, 1918 wlis 26 ianvars,

wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes, akurTxa Tbilisis axaldaarsebu-

li universiteti. 1918 wlis 27 maiss Tavisuflebis moedanze paraklisisas

sityviT mimarTa sazogadoebas, 1918 wlis 27 ivniss martyofis monasterSi,

rezidenciaSi, kaTalikos-patriarqi kirioni tyviiT gangmiruli ixiles. ma-

Sin igi yofila 68 wlisa, damblisagan xeli hqonda dakavebuli. kiron II

dakrZales 7 ivliss sionis taZarSi.

saqarTvelos respublikis mTavroba mimdevari iyo socialisturi mima-

rTulebisa da amitomac eklesiis mimarT gulgrilad iyo ganwyobili. ` menSe-

vikebad~ saxeldebulma aTeisturi mrwamsis mqone xelisuflebam, romelsac

msoflio demokratiis burjad warmoedgina Tavisi Tavi, ver SeZlo aReqva

qarTuli eklesiis istoriuli damsaxureba da misi momavali mniSvneloba

qarTveli erisaTvis da amitomac qarTuli eklesiis mimarT gulgrilad

iyo ganwyobili. saerTod, aRsaniSnavia, rom isini (menSevikebi) aTeuli wleb-

is manZilze politikuri cxovrebis pirvel planze ayenebdnen ara qarTve-

li eris Tavisuflebasa da saxelmwifoebriobas, aramed Cagruli social-

uri fenis muSaTa klasis interesebs. mxolod xelsayrelma istoriulma

viTarebam _ I msoflio omSi ruseTis damarcxebam, rusuli armiis gasvlam

amierkavkasiis frontebidan da ucxo saxelmwifoTa kategoriulma moTxov-

nebma, faqtobrivad, aiZula qarTveli socialistebi, gamoecxadebinaT saqarTve-

los damoukidebloba. cxadia, maTTvis eklesiis problemebi meorexarisxo-

vani iyo43. yovelive es iwvevda kaTalikos-patriarq leonides (1918-1921)

1113s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

aRSfoTebas. menSevikebma politikuri ususurobis gamo ver gaiTvaliswines

is safrTxe, romelic moeloda Tavisufal saqarTvelos `socialisturi~

ruseTisagan, yuri ar daugdes kaTalikos-patriarq kirionis winaswarmetyvele-

bas `mduRare ruseTidan~ mosalodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb.

1920 wlis 27 ivniss TbilisSi Sedga meore saeklesio kreba, gaarCies

eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofis, sasuliero saswavleblebis saminist-

rosadmi gadacemis, eklesiis biujetis, samRvdeloebis sayofacxovrebo da

mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiebis gaerTianebis sakiTxebi. krebam kaTalikos-patr-

iarqad daamtkica mitropoliti leonide (oqropiriZe).

bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg, saxelmwifom gaat-

ara sagangebo meToduri RonisZiebani, raTa saerTod moespo eklesia, magram

ver gaiTvaliswina erTi ram, rom sal kldeze qristes mier dafuZnebul

eklesias `bWeni jojoxeTisani ver moerevian~. bolSevikebma, cxadia, eklesia

sabolood gamoyves saxelmwifosagan, e.i. samRvdeloeba ulukmapurod datoves.

1921 wlis 1-5 seqtembers, leoni-

des gardacvalebis Semdeg, gelaT-

Si Semdgarma mesame saeklesio kre-

bam kaTalikos-patriarqad airCia

ambrosi xelaia. bolSevikebma maleve

daxures gelaTis eklesia. igi SemTx-

veviT gadaurCa maTgan dangrevas.

`komunistebad~ saxeldebuli bo-

lSevikebi eweodnen xalxis umagali-

To eqspluatacias. mosaxleoba sabo-

lood daumorCiles saxelmwifo Za-

lauflebas. adamianTa interesebze

maRla ayenebdnen saxelmwifos, rom-

lis gaZliereba kvlav adamianTa

dasamorCileblad esaWiroebodaT.

maT mier faqtobrivad aRdgenil ru-

seTis imperiaSi, e.w. ssrk-Si, bolSe-

vikebis saboloo miznis Tanaxmad,

unda Camoyalibebuliyo erTi rusuli enis mqone xalxi, erTi bolSevikur-

komunisturi fsiqikis matarebeli.

qarTveli eris aseTi mZime gasaWiris Jams, cxadia, eklesia, romelic wmida

ilia marTlis Tanaxmad, `yovelTvis TavdadebiT patronobda Cvens ers44~,

ganze ver dadgeboda, politikaSi Carevisagan Tavs ver Seikavebda. amitomac,

sakaTalikoso sabWos dasturiT patriarqma ambrosi xelaiam memorandumiT

mimarTa mTeli msoflios mTavrobebs, kerZod ki genuis konferencias.

1114 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

eklesia aTeistebis batonobis dros

qristianebma mravali devna ganicades saukuneTa manZilze. pirveli dev-

na, rogorc cnobilia, imperator neronis dros moewyo. dapatimreba, gada-

saxleba, tanjva-wameba, sajarod abuCad agdeba da gausamarTleblad daxoc-

va RvTismorwmune adamianebisa da gansakuTrebiT ki RvTismsaxurebisa. am

mxriv, albaT, veraferi Seedreba komunist-bolSevikebis mier mowyobil dev-

na-Seviwroebas. eklesiis ezoSi Seyril morwmuneebs, moxucebs, qalebs da

bavSvebs uginebdnen siwmindeebs, romelTac isini cxovrebis manZilze sa-

soobdnen, amsxvrevdnen wmida xatebsa da jvrebs, bilwavdnen wmidaTawmida

sakurTxevlebs. wverebiT aTrevdnen moxuc mRvdlebs, gumbaTebsa da samrek-

loebidan yridnen jvrebs da zarebs, Zarcvavdnen da aCanagebdnen saukuneTa

manZilze nagroveb sasuliero ganZs. dioda udanaSaulo adamianTa sisxli,

sagangebod da mizanmimarTulad fexqveS iTeleboda sarwmunoebrivi grZno-

ba RvTis mosiyvarule adamianebisa, magram imis gamo, rom qristianoba

saqarTveloSi warmoadgenda ara mxolod religiur mimarTulebas, aramed

erovnul sarwmunoebas, bolSevik-komunistebi masTan erTad qarTveli xalx-

is erovnul grZnobebsac bilwavdnen. magaliTad, WeSmaritad xalxis moZu-

le komunistebma ikadres da gaxsnes argveTis wmida mTavrebis, saqarTvelo-

saTvis Tavdadebuli wmida daviTisa da wmida konstantines uxrwneli neSt-

ebi, romelTa saswaulebriv Zalas xalxi Tayvans scemda arabTa Semdgom

VIII saukunidan vidre XX saukunemde. daSales wmida neStebi, calkeul

Zvlebs TokebiT aTrevdnen xalxis win, im xalxisa, romelic am dros tiro-

da da godebda. es aqti miuTiTebs, rom saqarTvelos arc erTi mteri,

arabebis Semdgom, ar iyo qarTveli xalxisaTvis ufro saSiSi da veragi,

vidre rusul-bolSevikuri xelisufleba. verc Turq-seljukebma, verc mon-

Rolebma, verc osmal-sparselebma ver SeZles qarTveli xalxisaTvis See-

ginebinaT wmida daviTis, wmida konstantines, wmida Sios, sxva wmidanebis

nawilebi. bolSevikebi angrevdnen eklesiebs, RvTismsaxurebs awamebdnen,

rogorc fizikurad, ise sulierad, xalxis win aiZulebdnen uareyoT wmida

sarwmunoeba. yvela ver uZlebda zewolas. moZRvarTa beds morwmuneebic

iziarebdnen imiT, rom komkavSirelebi zneobrivad abuCad igdebdnen maT

grZnobebs, e.w. ` komkavSiruli SobiT~, ` komkavSiruli aRdgomiT~, ` samoqalaqo

qorwinebiT da naTlobiT~.

saqarTvelos eklesiebSi im droisaTvis, XX s-is 20-iani wlebis dasawyis-

Si, didZali qoneba, saeklesio ganZi iyo daculi. XIX s-is bolos gabriel

episkoposis erTi ucxoeli stumari gaaoca imereTis eklesiebSi daculma

masiuri oqrosagan gakeTebulma saeklesio nivTebma, aseve iyo saqarTvelos

sxva raionebSic. es ganZi axla ukve komunist-bolSevikebis guls axarebda.

eklesia-monastrebi dangreva-daxurvis win, saguldagulod iZarcveboda. sa-

1115s a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i as a q a r T v el o s s a m o c i qulo e kl e s i i s i s t o r i a

ganZuris mciredi nawili muzeumebs gadaeca, xolo udidesi _ `araistori-

uli mniSvnelobis~ ganZi _ adgilobriv xelisuflebas, `kulturul-sagan-

manaTleblo saqmianobisaTvis~, sinamdvileSi ki, cxadia, eklesiis mier saukuneTa

manZilze nagrovebi oqro-vercxli da Zvirfasi qvebi daitaces.

XX s-is 20-ian wlebSi daxures aTasze meti eklesia, gaauqmes RvTismsax-

ureba. zogierTi cnobiT, am dromde saqarTveloSi yofila 1350 eklesia,

1700 mRvdeli, 1527 beri, 280 monazoni (1924 wlamde), maTi ricxvi ramden-

ime aTeulamde Semcirda.

swored am ngreva-ganadgurebis dros sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

patriarqma wmida ambrosi xelaiam WeSmaritad Tavi da suli dado qarTve-

li erisaTvis, gaugzavna genuis konferen