()

600

-3

Benjamin Franklin1706-1790(positive charge) (negative charge)

-1

-1

- -0

1. (insulator)

(conductor)

(free electron)

2.

2. -1 --++

2. -2

2. -3 --++

2. -4 --++

3.

3. -1

-1

6-4 -1

- -0

()

-1

- -0

Charles Augustin de Coulomb1736-1806

-1q 1q 2 F F

-2r (F < 0) (F > 0)

(coulomb) C6.251018 1.601019

- -0

1. ()

1. -1

2.

6-8

- -0

6-9

6-9

- -0

(electric current)

t q

/A

-1/ 1 1 1 6.251018

-1

- -0

1. (voltage) (volt)V

1. -1

6-11

2. I V

RI V

-11 1 1

- -0

-1 direct currentDC

-2 direct currentDC

R

R

R

R

alternating currentAC

R

6-19

6-20

- -0

1 1 1

-1q V (electric potential energy) U 1 1 1 U qV

R UR

(electric power) PI R

P (electric power)-1 UURVR R VR IR

P (electric power)-2 (watt) W1W 1J/s 1A-V1 1 / 1 -

1 1 - 1000 1

- -0

-1

-2

- -0

1 1 -1

- -0

800

(magnetic pole) N S

6-24

- -0

6-25a86P.154

-1N S S N6-25b

(magnetic field)N

()6-25 86P.154

- -0

11.5

6-26

- -0

(magnetic material) ()

1820

- -0

N 6-28

- -0

(solenoid)

-1 (electromagnet)

(electric motor)

(electric motor)

- -0

-1(secondary coil)

-2(induced current)

6-32 (a) ()

6-32 (b) ()

6-33

- -0

6-34 94912http://www.picture-newsletter.com/nuclear/ 94912http://www.lnzw.com.cn/PHOTO/CITY.HTM COREL PROFESSIONAL PHOTOS

P I 2R

-1 P I 2R P0 IV

-2 P0 IV P I 2R

6-34 -1 94912http://www.picture-newsletter.com/nuclear/ 94912http://www.lnzw.com.cn/PHOTO/CITY.HTM COREL PROFESSIONAL PHOTOS

6-35

- -0

-1

- -0

110(live wire)(neutral wire)

110 2206-36

6-37 (a)110V

6-37 (b)220V

110 220 6-37 (c)

- -0

R1R2 R3

(parallel connection)

6-38 (a)P P1 P2 P3I I1 I2 I3

- -0

(open circuit)

-1 (fuse wire)

-2

- -0

(VS) S6-41

S IVR 6-41R I (short circuit)

()

- -0

1. 2. 3. 4.

100

6-1

T h e E n d

6-8

N S N N S S 6-24 N

S N 11.5()N S

(electric motor)

(electric motor)

(induced current)6-32

6-34P I2R P0 P0 IV

110 220 6-34 345 22 11

110110 6-37a 110

220 6-37b ACV 220 110

110 220 6-37c 6-40