()
600
-3
Benjamin Franklin1706-1790(positive charge) (negative charge)
-1
-1
- -0
1. (insulator)
(conductor)
(free electron)
2.
2. -1 --++
2. -2
2. -3 --++
2. -4 --++
3.
3. -1
-1
6-4 -1
- -0
()
-1
- -0
Charles Augustin de Coulomb1736-1806
-1q 1q 2 F F
-2r (F < 0) (F > 0)
(coulomb) C6.251018 1.601019
- -0
1. ()
1. -1
2.
6-8
- -0
6-9
6-9
- -0
(electric current)
t q
/A
-1/ 1 1 1 6.251018
-1
- -0
1. (voltage) (volt)V
1. -1
6-11
2. I V
RI V
-11 1 1
- -0
-1 direct currentDC
-2 direct currentDC
R
R
R
R
alternating currentAC
R
6-19
6-20
- -0
1 1 1
-1q V (electric potential energy) U 1 1 1 U qV
R UR
(electric power) PI R
P (electric power)-1 UURVR R VR IR
P (electric power)-2 (watt) W1W 1J/s 1A-V1 1 / 1 -
1 1 - 1000 1
- -0
-1
-2
- -0
1 1 -1
- -0
800
(magnetic pole) N S
6-24
- -0
6-25a86P.154
-1N S S N6-25b
(magnetic field)N
()6-25 86P.154
- -0
11.5
6-26
- -0
(magnetic material) ()
1820
- -0
N 6-28
- -0
(solenoid)
-1 (electromagnet)
(electric motor)
(electric motor)
- -0
-1(secondary coil)
-2(induced current)
6-32 (a) ()
6-32 (b) ()
6-33
- -0
6-34 94912http://www.picture-newsletter.com/nuclear/ 94912http://www.lnzw.com.cn/PHOTO/CITY.HTM COREL PROFESSIONAL PHOTOS
P I 2R
-1 P I 2R P0 IV
-2 P0 IV P I 2R
6-34 -1 94912http://www.picture-newsletter.com/nuclear/ 94912http://www.lnzw.com.cn/PHOTO/CITY.HTM COREL PROFESSIONAL PHOTOS
6-35
- -0
-1
- -0
110(live wire)(neutral wire)
110 2206-36
6-37 (a)110V
6-37 (b)220V
110 220 6-37 (c)
- -0
R1R2 R3
(parallel connection)
6-38 (a)P P1 P2 P3I I1 I2 I3
- -0
(open circuit)
-1 (fuse wire)
-2
- -0
(VS) S6-41
S IVR 6-41R I (short circuit)
()
- -0
1. 2. 3. 4.
100
6-1
T h e E n d
6-8
N S N N S S 6-24 N
S N 11.5()N S
(electric motor)
(electric motor)
(induced current)6-32
6-34P I2R P0 P0 IV
110 220 6-34 345 22 11
110110 6-37a 110
220 6-37b ACV 220 110
110 220 6-37c 6-40