Slide 1

1 , , ( ): -

53I [Kr]4d105s25p5(1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p5): VIIA VII : VIIA (F), (Cl), (Br), (I) (At)- : X. -, X2.

Halogen: hals + genas ClClBrBrII (NaCl, MgBr2) (KI) : , CaF2, Na3[AlF6] , CaF2.3Ca3(PO4)2

: (2.56% NaCl) ( ): , NaCl, KCl, KCl.MgCl2.6H2O : ( MgBr2)

(NaNO3.NaIO3) 2NaX + 2H2SO4 = 2NaHSO4 + 2HXMnO2 + H2SO4 = MnSO4 + H2O + [O]2HX + [O] = H2O + X22NaX + 3H2SO4 + MnO2 = 2NaHSO4 + MnSO4 + 2 H2O + X2

Cl2 H2SO4NaCl + MnO2 ? ( ) - :NaCl Na+ + Cl-H2O H+ + OH-++++++++---------++-++-- : Na+, H+. : Cl-, OH-. : 2H+ + 2e- = H2(H+ ) : 2Cl- - 2e- = Cl2 ( , ) :

Na+ + OH- NaOH( )

2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaOCl + H2O( ) :() , , - - () , ,

() H2O H+ + OH-2H+ + 2e- H2Na+ + OH- NaOH VIIA ? Na+ Cl- - Cl- Na+ ? :Cl-: -1.33 V.OH-: -0.40 V (0.93 V )

:Na+: -2.71 VH+: 0 V (2.71 V )