차세대 인터넷을 위한 네트워킹 기술

1999. 2. 5.강현국

kahng@tiger.korea.ac.kr고려대학교 전자정보공학부

차례

1. 차세대 인터넷2. 트랜스포트 계층에서의 기술3. IP Multicast Routing4. IP QoS5. 스위칭기술6. IP over Transmission Systems7. 인터넷과 ATM 활용 기술8. 맺음말

1. 차세대 인터넷 발전 방향

고속의 전송속도 유무선 통합 이동성 보편성 QoS 보안성

1-1. 차세대 인터넷 발전

TCP, UDP

IP , IC M P , IG M P , AR P

RIP, O SPFBG P

router

Ethernet, FDDI, PPP

T1

RTP, RTSP, TCP+

IP v6, ARP , D iff S ervM obIP ,ATM AR P ,? RIP, M O SPF

BG P4+

TagSwitchM PLS

HighSpeed LAN, ATM ,?

SO NET, W DM

RSVP

현 재 단 기

TCPng, ECTP, ?

IP v6 ?

M C/Q oS?

AFO

장 기

2. 트랜스포트 계층에서의 기술 현재의 TCP/UDP 문제점 – unicast/reliable

- Transactions- Fast failover to other server- FC & EC without performance degradation- Three-way handshaking- Security

Suggestion- Unlikely to get a single new transport- Light-weight protocol- ECTP

관련기관 : ITU-T, ISO/IEC JTC1 SC6, IETF

3. IP Multicast Routing

관련기술- Host Extension for IP Multicast(RFC1112)- DVMRP(RFC 1075)- CBT- PIM-SM- PIM-DM- BGP4+

관련기관– IETF, IPMI, CCIRN

4. IP QoS 관련기술

- RSVP- DiffServ- Qbone

RSVP 와 DiffServ 통합구조

관련기관 : IETF, Internet2

Diff Serv 망(WAN)

R S V P ¸ Á(LA N )

RSVP 망(LAN)

RSVP 망(LAN)

RSVP 망(LAN)

5. Switching 관련 기술 관련기술

- Gigabit Router• switching fabric, network processor, forwarding engine• MGR(BBN), GFR(Ascend)

- IP switching• ATM switch, IP switch controller, IFMP, GSMP• Ipsilon

- Tag switching• Label swapping• tag edge router, tag switch, tag distribution protocol • Cisco

- MPLS• Cell switched router, LSR, FEC• ARIS(IBM), SITA• ITU-T, Toshiba

관련기관 : IETF, ITU-T

6. IP over Transmission Systems

- B es t-e ffo rt IP S e rv ice

- D iffe ren tia ted IP S e rv ices- IP V P N , V o IP

- C e ll re lay- F ram e re lay- V o ice , V ideo

IP over SDH/WDM IP over ATM Telco Services

IP ATM

S D H

W D M

O ptica l F iber

2 단 계 1 단 계

NetworkServices

6-1. 인터넷과 ATM 활용 기술 인터넷기술과 ATM 기술의 축적 DiffServ(RSVP) 와 ATM 의 시그널링이 유사

- Admission Control

- Traffic Classification

- Flow Control

- Traffic Shaping

. Per Flow Queuing

. Weighted Fair Queuing

안정화 단계가 되기위해서는 2-3 년 소요

ATM기술과유사

DiffServIntServ

7. 인터넷과 ATM 활용 기술

Item Overlay Model Integrated ModelExamples MPOA, LANE, IPOA I- PNNI, IP Switching,

Tag SwitchingInterworking Overlay ATM with layer 3 Combine layer 3 & 2/ATMIP routing protocol In IP routers In IP routers or

in ATM switchesATM routing protocol Used Not usedModification inATM control software

Not required Required

Address resolution Required Not requiredQoS guarantee Supported SupportedCharging support Relatively difficult Relative easyMulticasting Relatively inefficient Relatively efficientSpec. Standardized specification In progress

7-1. 공중망에서의 망구조

B-ISDN IPIP IW IW

Service Interworking

Network Interworking

7-2. 공중망에서의 QoS 클래스

B-ISDN

IWF IWF

Premium IP ServicesPremium IP ServicesPremium IP Services

Best Effort IP Service

7-3. 일반프로토콜 참조모델

Internal I/Fs (not subject tostandardization)

Service Access Point(SAP)

External I/F(UNI/NNI)

ATMControl

Application Layer*3

TransferFunctions

TCP orUDPTransfer

IPTransfer

*1

SSCFSSCOP

SAP

SAP

Control Functions

IPControl

*2

Network (Plane) Management Function(For NE view should include I/F to TMN / MCF and CoF)

Layer ManagementFunctions

IP-SSCS

AAL

VC Level

VP Level

PHY

TCP LM

IP LM

AAL LM

VC LM

VP LM

PHY LM

SAP

SAP

SSCS LM

SAP

SAP

IWF

ATM IP

IWF

ATM IP

SAP

ipatm 참조 모델

Signaling

AAL

ATM

PH Y

IPC ontro l

IPForw arding

IP managementmgmt

mgmt

7-4. IP over ATM -overlay model

UNI / NNITo ATM Network

ATMARP Server Host

SIG

PHY

ATM

SSCOP/SSCF

AAL CPCS

Management Function

MANAGEMENT

LAYERS

NHRP

UNI / NNI

AAL CPCS

IP Router

IPSSCS

ATM

PHY

Management Function

MANAGEMENT

LAYERS

APPL

TCP / UDP

IP

IP SSCS

AAL CPCS

ATM

PHY

SIG

PHY

ATM

SSCOP/SSCF

AAL CPCS

IWF

ATM IP

7-5. IP over ATM - CLNS Core Protocol

- To support IP over ATM in the B-ISDN- To enhance CL data transfer service on existing ATM

Core Network

Core User

Core transfer node

Core User

Core transfer node

Core network transfer

Core Network Service

Core network control Server

Core User Control server

Core User Service

7-5 Core Protocol 고려사항 Forwarding Table Lookup

– IP : longest matching algorithm

– MPLS, Core : fixed length label Address Resolution

– IPOA, MPOA : NHRP

– Core : Default Forwarder Network Management

– IP, MPLS : Autonomous function

– Core : OS Approach IP Logical Network

– IP : Management + Forwarding

– Core : Management / Forwarding

7-6. Core Protocol Stack

PHY

ATMAAL5

PHY

ATMAAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

Higher Layer Protocol

PHY

ATMAAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATMAAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

Core User Core transfer node

PHY

ATMAAL5

PHY

ATMAAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

Higher Layer Protocol

Core User

C1-IF C1-IF

7-7. Core Protocol Stacks - CCMP

Core User Core transfer node

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

CCMP

C1

c2

C1

c2

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

CCMP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

CCMP

Core User

C1

c2

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

CCMP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

CCMP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

CCMP

Core transfer node

7-8. Mechanism of the Redirection Method

Edge Node

DefaultForwarder

CoreNetwork

Access Network

. . .Edge Node

Autonomous System

Edge Node

Edge Node

Default ForwardingRedirection Notification

Sub- network

Sub- network

Sub- network

Sub- network

Sub-AS #1 Sub-AS #2

DefaultForwarder

. . .

. . . . . .

7-9. Sequence of the Redirection Method

Edge Node

User LAN

User LAN

Edge Node

Forwarding

Redirection Notification

Default Forwarding

Shortcut Forwarding

Default Forwarder

Default Forwarder

FrameDiscard

Caching Redirection Notification

Forwarding

Sta

tele

ss

Pro

cess

ing

7-10. An example configuration of Sub-AS

Edge Node

DefaultForwarder

Core Network

Access Network

. . .Edge Node

Autonomous System

Edge Node

Edge Node

Sub- network

Sub- network

Sub- network

Sub- network

Sub-AS #1 Sub-AS #2

DefaultForwarder

. . .

. . . . . .

AddressPrefix a.b.c.* a.b.d.* x.y.z.* x.y.w.*

a.b.*.*AddressPrefix x.y.*.*

7-11. An Example of Differentiating Classes

Equal ThroughputAvailable

High PriorityForwarding

Guaranteed Throughput

SievingClasses

Network Cut-through

Different Queuingfor Each Class

or VC

• Guaranteed Class

Transit Node(CLS)

Transit Node(CLS)

Core Network BandwidthManagement Server

EdgeNodeEdge

Node

Core ProtocolForwarding Layer

• Higher Priority Class

• Minimum Rate Available Class

ATM Network

(1)

(2)

(3)

Normally

CLS: Connectionless Server

7-12. An example of Multicasting Transfer Scheme

EN

Src.IP

MCRS

EgressEN

User LAN Setting theCopy Table

UNI Copy Tree

SLT

Dst.IP=MC.IP

Access Network Core Network

Request for Joining or Leaving (IGMP etc.)

SourceUser

DestinationUser

Access Network

Setting theCopy Table

EgressEN

EgressEN

IngressEN

SLT

SLT

SLT

MCRS: Multicast Route ServerSLT: Subscriber Line TerminalEN: Edge NodeTN: Transit Node

SLT

SLT

Dst.IP=MC.IP

Dst.IP=MC.IP

Dst.IP=MC.IP

Dst.IP=MC.IP

TN TN

TN TN

Additional Route

7-13. An example of the Interior Routing Protocol Internetworking

UserRouter

DFRS

EN EN EN EN

Sub-AS #1

DFRS

EN EN EN EN

Sub-AS #2

Secondary ISP#1 Secondary ISP#2

UserRouter

UserRouter

UserRouter

EN: Edge NodeRS: Route ServerDF: Default Forwarder

Routing Peer forthe User Routers

TransparentTransmission ofRouting Information

DistributeRoutingInformation

Limit the Influenceof Routing Protocolwithin a SingleSub-AS

7-14. Reference points in Core Network

EN EN

EN

CLS

DF

CLS

GMN-CL Service subscribers

RS

ATM node

MCRS

ONU

ONU

ONU

Core network

Access network

WCL

PCL

TCL

WCL

WCL PCL

WCL

WCL

WCLTCL

TCL

ATM node

7-15. Protocol Stack(1)

PHY

ATMAAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATMAAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

PHY

ATMAAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATMAAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

EN CLS ENGMN-CL Survice subacribera

C1-IF at WclTcl C1-IF at Pcl

PHY

ATM

PHY

ATM

ATM node

PHY

ATMAAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

MAC

GMN-CL Service terminals[ONU(E)]

PHY

MAC

IP

C1-IF at Wcl

PHY

ATM

PHY

ATM

ATM node

C1-IF at Pcl

IP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

DF

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

EN CLS

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

ENCLS

C1-IF at WclC1-IF at Wcl C1-IF at Wcl C1-IF at Wcl

IP

IP routing service(the Ethernet interface subscribers)

Transmitting IP-PDUs via DF

7-15. Protocol Stack(2)

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

EN CLS RS/MCRS

C1-IF at Wcl C1-IF at Wcl

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

EN CLS

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

ENCLS

C1-IF at Wcl C1-IF at Pcl C1-IF at Wcl

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

When the routing protocol is transmitted to RS/MCRS

A 2-hop CLS relay

7-16. CLP Prio. Mapping at an EN

SLTUser LAN

Core Network

Priority PDU

AAL5

AAL5

CLP=1

CLP=1

AAL5

AAL5

Mapping Core Cell [Prio.field]

Non-priority PDU

Core Cell [Prio.field]

EN CLS

7-17. Protocol stacks

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

LLC

SNAP

IP

EN CLS EN

PHY

ATM

PHY

ATM

ATM node

PHY

ATM

PHY

ATM

ATM node

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

CCMP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

EN CLS EN

PHY

ATM

PHY

ATM

ATM node

PHY

ATM

PHY

ATM

ATM node

PHY

ATM

AAL5

LLC

SNAP

CORE

CCMP

in the user protocol

in an internal protocol(CCMP)

7-18. Support of IP Multicasting

EN

Src.IP

MCRS

EgressEN

User LAN Setting theCopy Table

UNI Copy Tree

SLT

Dst.IP=MC.IP

Access Network Core Network

Request for Joining or Leaving (IGMP etc.)

SourceUser

DestinationUser

Access Network

Setting theCopy Table

EgressEN

EgressEN

IngressEN

SLT

SLT

SLT

MCRS: Multicast Route ServerSLT: Subscriber Line TerminalEN: Edge NodeTN: Transit Node

SLT

SLT

Dst.IP=MC.IP

Dst.IP=MC.IP

Dst.IP=MC.IP

Dst.IP=MC.IP

TN TN

TN TN

Additional Route

8. 맺음말

- B es t-e ffo rt IP S e rv ice

- D iffe ren tia ted IP S e rv ices- IP V P N , V o IP

- C e ll re lay- F ram e re lay- V o ice , V ideo

IP over SDH/WDM IP over ATM Telco Services

IP ATM

S D H

W D M

O ptica l F iber

2 단 계 1 단 계

NetworkServices