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第三章 信息高分子各论. 第一节 遗传与基因 一 . 遗传现象 1. 生物所固有的生命现象 2. 定量研究 ➀ Mendel 的豌豆试验 , 通过对各种表型 (phenotype) 的研究 , 揭示了分离与组合定律 , 暨等位基因 (allele) 的概念的提出 , 同时发现生物个体的性状是由基因 (gene) 决定的. ➁ M organ 通过果蝇的杂交试验发现大量的变异体 , 认为基因是连续排列 (linkage), 并在这假设基础上绘制了果蝇染色体的基因图谱 (gene map). 二 . 遗传物质的探索 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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. 1. 2. Mendel,(phenotype),,(allele),(gene).
Morgan,(linkage),(gene map).. 1. :(chromosome),,,(nucleic acid).2.1928, Griffith.1944, Avery.transformation:DNA.
. DNA1. Chargaff
2. Blender test
3. DNA Watson & Crick1953DNA(double helix).P:, dR :G : , C : T :, A :
4. (central dogma)DNARNA
DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid
Polynucleotide and its componentPurinePyrimidineadenineguaninecytosinethymineuracilriboseadeninedeoxyribosenucleotidenucleotidenucleoside
. Phosphodiester Bond,1 2 3 4
. DNADNADNARNA
. DNA
. DNA1.
anneal
2. Melting temperature (Tm)3. pH4. (hybridization)
. DNADNADNADNANICK
1. DNA: DNA2. DNA: DNA,,,(linking number, Lk). a. : ,. b. DNA,,,.
c. :;(ethidium bromide, EB).d. (topoisomerase) I: DNA,,1. II: ATP,DNA,DNA,2.,.
e. palindromeStemloop structure of DNA
f. (extinction coeffecient)mgml-1, 1 mgml-1ds DNAA26020,ss DNARNAA26025.:1. ()2.
RNA. 1. DNA.2. .3. nucleotide,.4. 90%r RNA
,RNAsplicing
. :,RNase.
. RNA
1. mRNAGenomic DNA,RNA.mRNA. mRNA,,RNA(hnRNA: heterogeneous nuclear RNA)
2. rRNA
S(Svedberg),,,.
3. tRNAStem structureLoop structureAmino acidanticodon
4. snRNA small nuclear RNA,RNAsplicing.mRNAguanine
5. RNARNA(ribozyme): rRNA,splicing,RNA.,RNA. Ribonuclease P
.
. 1.
2.
. 1. (primary structure)
2. (secondary structure)
3. (tertiary structure)
4. (quaternary structure)
. ,,.
. (domain):.2. ():,-.
. 1. : . :(gel filtration chromatography)SDS-PAGE
: (ion-exchange chromatography)(isoelectric focusing) : ,,,. (affinity): His-tag,
2. HLMGSHLVDALELVMGDRGFEYTPKAWLVV8T1: HLMGSHLVDALELVMGDRT2: GFEYTPKT3: AWLVV1: HLMGSHLVDALET2: LVMGDRGFET3: YTPKAWLVHLMGSHLVDALELVMGDRGFEYTPKAWLVEdman degradation
3. SDS-PAGEMALDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization, Time Of Flight MASS )
4. X5. .6. (proteome) .
Questions
,.,.