Click here to load reader
Upload
mare
View
208
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
第十五章 病毒学各论 第一节 呼吸道病毒. 以呼吸道为入侵门户,引起呼吸道局部病变或伴有全身症状的病毒即为 呼吸道病毒 。. 分 类: 正粘病毒科:流感病毒 副粘病毒科:副流感病毒、麻疹病毒、腮 腺炎病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒; 其 他:腺病毒、鼻病毒、风疹病毒、 冠状病毒、呼肠病毒。. 一、 流行性感冒病毒. 流感病毒( influenza virus ) : 引起流感的病原体。. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
influenza virus:(A)
(B)
(C)
1918-191750%2000H1 N1 1957H2 N2 1968H3 N2 1977H1N1 H3 N2H1 N1
1 80-120nm
RNA + NP + PAPB1PB2 2+
HANA5:1:MHANA MM1M2M1M2
HA(hemagglutinin) AHA0HA1:HA2:
B C NA(neuraminidase)
1 RNPMA BC 2HANAH1H15N1N9 2///// HANA A/HongKong/1/68/ H3N2 A/Singapore/1/57/H2N22:
3 (antigenic drift) HANA(1%
H1 N1 H2 N2 H3 N2 H1 N1 H3 N2H1 N1 (antigenic shift)20-50%
31 + ++
PMKMDCK+ + 2
4
12,,,,,,,,,,1-45-10
1HANANPM1 2 CD4+CD8+T 3-HAIgGIgMSIgA 4SIgA
1 2 3 4PCR
1 2, 3 4 5
1150-300nm 2HANAHNHAHHANAGHNHG 3F 4RNA 5HNHGFMNPPL
easeles virus 1 2
1
2
3 VMPSV2Koplik1-2SSPE2-17
SSPE 0.6-2.2/107
4:
IgM
1 2890%10-157
umps virus 1 2 3, 5630
12-- MMR
GFMNLP
(adenovirus)) 1DNA 22070-90nmE1AP53
13 2 3 4
(rubella virus): ) 1RNA60nm20 2
)
) ) --MMR
1Coronaviridae23
(Human coronavirus)(Murine virus hepatitisMHV)(Porcine hemagglutinating encepha lomyelitis virus)(Porcine transmissible gastroenteri tis virusTGEV)(Neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirusBCV)(Rat coronavirusRCV) (Turkey bluecomb virus)(Feline infectious peritonitis virus)(Canine coronavirus)(Sialodacryoadenitis virus of rat) (Human enteric coronavirus)
15-950%70%2310%-24%0-429.2%4022%15-194Coronaviridae
SARS) (SARS)80-120nm
SARS123-SARSSARS:
(RNA)RNANRNARNARNARNA
67: 1.oliovirus1-3 2.oxsackievirusABA1-2224B1-629 3.nteric cytopathogenic human orphan virusECHO virus1-911-2729-3331 4.: 68697071(Enterovirus):RNA
: 124-30nmRNA20 2RNA 3 4 5
oliovirus
127nm20 2RNA7.4kbmRNAVP1-VP4VP1- VP3VP1
X-3 PH3-950
90%5% 1-2%0.1-2%
1SIgA 22-6
2OPV4
ECHO
1 2 3
1A 2A1671 3B4B 5A2471
A
(rotavirus)
68-80nm
RNA18550bp11
HRV
A 6-280%
HRV
IgMIgGSIgA62SIgABCA
HRVELISA11
123
HAV:
HBVHCVHDVHEV HBVHAV
HFV:
HGV
TTTTV
HBVHCV
HAV
Hepatitis A Virus, HAV
1RNA27nm20RNA 2 3
HAVHAV
HAV
HAV
-HAV IgMIgG
ELISARIA-HAV IgMPCRHAV-RNA
:123
HBV Hepatitis B Virus, HBV
1(Dane)HBV42nm
A diagrammatic representation of the hepatitis B virion and the surface antigen components.Dane HBsAgPreS1PreS2 2027nmHBcAgHBeAg DNA+DNA
222nmHBsAgPreS1PreS2DNADNA3
1
DNASCPX
+C-Pre CPreS1PreS2SHBsAgDNAHBcAgHBeAg HBxAg
SS,S1S2,HBV (HBsAg,Pre S1Pre S2).C: C-C,HBVHBcAg HBeAg .P: ,DNA.X: HBxAg, ,.
:DNA2.1kbRNA3.5kbRNA DNADNAHBV
HBV,,,DNA.
S2.1kbRNARNAHBsAg,HBV,,HBsAg.
1gp27gp24 2HBV 3-HBs 4adr\adw\ayr\ayw; 5PreS1PreS2(): HBsAgHBcAgHBeAg1.HBsAg
1DaneHBsAg 2.HBcAg 2HBcAg-HBc(-HBc IgG-HBc IgMHBV 3HBcAg,THBV
1HBeAgDNAHBeAg(+)HBV 3.eHBeAgPreCCHBcAgHBeAg 2-HBeHBV 3PreCHBeAgHBeAg--HBe(+)HBV DNA(+)
,
DNAHBsAg,HBcAgHBeAgDane SHBsAg
:
1, 270% 310010HBV0.5%5%HBV
HBsAg
1 2 3
:
1 1HBVIFNHLA-1IL-2 2HBVHBV
2 Pre-CHBeAgPreCCHBeAg
3HBV CTL
1CTL 2 3
HBsAg+-HBs4III
LSP 5
HBV 1HBcAgCTLHBV 2-HBsPre S1Pre S2-HBe
HBV
1HBV 2HBV 3HBV DNA
HBsAg-HBsHBeAg-HBeHBcHBsAg
HBsAg+HBeAg+ -HBs+ -HBe+-HBc IgMHBV
HBsAgHBs HBeAg HBe HBc + - - - -
+ - + - -
+ - + - + + - - + + - + - + + - + - + - - - - - + - + - - - HBV
HBVDNA12PCRDNA
1 2 3-HBsHBIg
HCV
Hepatitis C VirusHCV
: 40-60nm +ssRNA9.5kb
HCVIIIIIIVVI
HCV20%
1RNA RT-RNA
2 ELISARIA
1
2
HDVHepatitis D VirusHDV
135-37nm2-ssRNA1.7kb3HDV RNAHDAgHDAg-HD4HDVHBsAgHDV RNAHBV
HBsAgP27P24HDAg1.7kb RNAHDV
HBV HBVHDV HBsAgHDV HDAg-HDIgMIgG
HDV2-HDIgMIgG HDAgHDV RNA HBVHDV
HEV Hepatitis E VirusHEV
132-34nm 2 3+ssRNA7.5kb,ORF
HEV2~96HEV6~910%~20%
ELISA-HEV IgM
12 345678
RNA
Epidemic type B encephalitis virus
M 1 M CE 2pH6.0-6.5CE
3 3-5 4
1
2
4 5-7IgMIgG
:
1
2
Dengue virus
1 2/
Hantavirus(Bunyaviridae)
-HFRShemorrhagic fever with renal sydrome}HPShantavirus pulmonary sydrome}
120nm-ssRNA
G1G2NRNADNA
A549Vero-E62BS
-HFRSHPS
HFRSIgMIgG
A549Vero-E62BS IgMIgG
123
Herpesvirus DNA
MPS BB
1.120~300nmdsDNA20 2.EB 3.
DNA20
DNA20
herpes simplex virus, HSV
HSV
HSV-1
LSDNALSABab
1 2HSV-1HSV-2DNA50%gBgCgDgEgGgHgIgJgLgMgGgBgDgD
HSV-1 HSV-21
2 1HSV-1HSV-2 2
3
CPE +
+
1 2 ACV
-varicella-zoster virus,VZV
VZVHSV
VZV
1VZV VZV VZV
21 2
VZV1 VZV
cytomegalovirus,CMV
1CMV 2
CMV
CMV
1 CMV 2 3
4
5
6
CMVIgMIgGIgACMVCTLNKCMV
EB(Epstain-Barr virus)
EBVEB
2EBVEAEBVVCAEBVMAEBV1EBNA6LMPEBV
EBV1B2EBVB12 AEBVBEBNALMPB BEBVB
50%EBV B
1
2
3EBV
-
EB
HSV-1 HSV-2
HSV
VZV
CMV
EBV
HSV-1 HSV-2
B
1
2HSV
3VZVCMVEBV
(Retraviridae) reverse transcriptase)RNA
RNAHTLV- HTLV-HIV
180-120nm 2RNA 3 4DNA 5
Human immunodeficiency virus HIV Acquired immunodeficiency syndromeAIDS
HIV
HIV-1AIDS HIV-2
1.100~120nm
2.
RNA 20
P7P17 P24 gp120 gp41TATA
gp120CD4
DNARNA
RNAHRNARNARNA:DNADNADNALTRRNAmRNARNA
envHIV-1ABCDEFHO8 env0.1%gp120 gp41
gp120 gp41CD4 gp41gp41N
TTTH9CEM
: HIV 0.2%0.1%50%0.3%H2O20.5%5 563020~227
: 1HIV 2: 1;
2HIV
3
HIV3-5 HIV : 1-2
1 2 3 4-
HIVLTRtatrevnefmRNA
HIV 1CD4CD4 1CD4/CD8 2 3T 2B 3-Langerhans
HIVCD4 1 3CD4CD4 4HIVCTLADCC 5T 2DNA
1
2
HIV1 HIVgp1202 ADCCCTLNK
ELISAIFARIAWB+ HIVHIV
PHA3-4 2-41
2 ELISAHIVP243 RT-PCRDNAbDNAHIV RNA
1 2HIV 3 4HIV
1 HIVgp160gp120gp412 gp120V3CD4C4TC1C4AAHIV
3 HIVHIV HIV
1AZTDNA 2 3HIV
TIII HTLV-IHTLV-II
HTLV-1HTLV-II100nm; gp120CD4 P18P24 RNA50%gp120RNAP24P18
HTLV-IHTLV-IITTTBB
123
1
2HIV
3HIV
4HIVCD4
5HIV
B19
(Rabies virus)
,75x180nm;-ssRNA
Rabies virus
Rabies structureRabies modelRNA
(Negri body)
5.1-3)35100%
17-10 2
1 220%70%3% 3 4
human papillomavirus,HPV
1 52-55nm20dsDNA 2
1 2 3HPV
HPV PCRHPVDNA
B19 (parvoviridae)(parvovirus)
120-26nm20+ssDNA 2
31
234
(prion)
K27-30103, PrP27-30 80
PrPPrPCPrPSC PrPC PrPCPrPSC
PrPCPrPSC
1(Kuru)2-(CJD)-(Variant CJD)3Gerstmann-Straussler4
5(scrapie of sheep and goat) 6(bovine spongiform encephalopathy) 7(transmissible mink encephalopathy) 8(chronic wasting disease of mule deer)
1 23
Prions, the misfolded proteins thought to cause diseases such as mad cow and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in humans, lead to victims' brains becoming filled with tiny holes. In yeast cells, a useful model for studying how these molecules work, prions clump together in their "infectious" state, but are spread evenly throughout the cell in their normal state.
PrP