. ( 35C 1.82 25C) ( 4.13). , , , 10C. Arrhenius

, Ea

/ s-1Ea / kJ mol-1CH3NC CH3CN3.9810131602N2O5 4NO2 + O24.941013103.4 / M-1 s-1Ea / kJ mol-1 + 2 2 + 8101042C2H5ONa + CH3I 2.42101181,6

Arrhenius [lnk=lnA-(Ea/RT)], lnk 1/ , ln y ( 1/ 0) -Ea/R . Arrhenius . ( ) a=0 ( ), . ( ) . () .

Arrhenius

( ):

, ( ) ( ):

ln(C0/Ct) vs. t k. , , , C. (.. HCl) , CHCl, HCl. V V0, Vt V 0, t

CH3COOC2H5+H2OCH3COOH+C2H5OH t=0tt= V V0, Vt V 0, t

CH3COOC2H5+H2OCH3COOH+C2H5OH t=0C000CV0=CHClVtCtC0-CtC0-CtCVt=CHClV+(C0-Ct)Vt=0C0C0CV=CHClV+C0V :C(V-Vt)=CtV C(V-V0)=C0V :

:

- 4 100 ml ~0.3 HCl ( , 30C, 40C 50C). ~10-20 ml 5 ml (. ) 100 ml HCl ( , t=0) 15-20 s. - (5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min 40 min) 5 ml ( + HCl) ~100 ml ( ) 0.1 NaOH . NaOH Vt.

, 40 min 60-65C 15 min . , 5 ml 0.1 NaOH . NaOH V. V0 t=0, V0, 5 ml ~0.3 HCl , . ! , k.

ln[(V-V0)/(V-Vt)] vs. t k ( ).t (min)Vt (ml)V-Vt (ml)(V-V0)/(V-Vt)ln[(V-V0)/(V-Vt)]510152025303540

, Ea, k . lnk vs. 1/T , Ea, Arrhenius: