企業的研究 — 基本理念

企業的研究—基本理念企業的研究—基本理念中央大學 . 資訊管理系

范錚強

mailto: [email protected]

2012.03 upd

2

中央資管：范錚強 2

大綱商業的研究研究倫理研究者的語言


第一章企業的研究


企業研究的定義企業研究是決定、取得、分析並傳播相關的資料、資訊的過程，能培養決策制定者的洞察力、動員組織採取適當的行動，進而使企業的績效最佳化


企業的研究研究有助於回應變革研究有助於降低決策風險


What’s Changing in Business that Influences Research

Critical Scrutiny of Business

Computing Power & Speed

Battle for Analytical

Talent

Factors

Information Overload

Shifting Global Economics

Government Intervention

Technological Connectivity

New Research Perspectives


Research May Not Be Necessary

Can It Pass These Tests?Can information be applied to a critical decision?Will the information improve managerial decision making?Are sufficient resources available?


Characteristics of Good ResearchClearly defined purpose

Detailed research process

Thoroughly planned design

High ethical standards

Limitations addressed

Adequate analysis

Unambiguous presentation

Conclusions justified

Credentials


研究目的很多學生的碩博士論文，都有五個以上的目的但是，研究結果無法和設定的目的呼應一個長方形的面積，和其長、寬相關


Two Categories of Research

Applied Basic (Pure)


Four Types of Studies

Reporting報導。是研究嗎？

Explanatory尋找 Why’ HowPredictive尋找因素關係

Descriptive尋找 What


第二章研究的倫理保護研究對象

隱私、安全、商業秘密等保護研究者、研究機構

訴訟的可能性保護委託研究單位

避免錯誤決策未來延續研究的可能


案例：資訊應用人力的研究行政院委託時間很緊迫資訊軟體產值 27 家公司產值佔了一半例如：微軟、 IBM 、 SAP 、鼎新、趨勢…詢問這些公司往後五年會新聘多少人乘二供需各校學生人數加總


資訊人力供需研究結論資訊人力過剩資管大學部太多

但資工短缺資管研究所不足


構念層次資訊人力供需研究的問題

實質層次

數量太多太少

推論…大學 / 研究所資工 / 資管

y測量

誤差

x誤差

測量

X Y需求？供給？社會供需


資訊人力供需研究的倫理問題教育決策社會印象專業良心


Types of Ethical Violations

Violatingdisclosure

agreements

Breakingconfidentiality

Misrepresentingresults

Deceivingparticipants

Paddedinvoices

Avoidinglegal liability


Ethical Treatment of Participants

Explain study benefits

Explain participant rights and protections

Obtain informedconsent


Components of Informed Consent

Identify researchersDescribe survey topicDescribe target sampleIdentify sponsorDescribe purpose of researchPromise anonymity and confidentiality

Give “good-faith” estimate of required time commitmentState participation is voluntaryState item-non response is acceptableAsk for permission


Participant Confidentiality

Minimize instruments requiring ID

Non-disclosure of data subsets

Restrict access to ID

Obtain signednondisclosure

Reveal only with written

consent


第三章： Thinking Like a ResearcherThinking Like a Researcher

研究精神語言想法


Language of Research

Variables

Models

Theory

Terms usedin research

Constructs

Operationaldefinitions

Propositions/Hypotheses

ConceptualschemesConcepts


Job Redesign Constructs and Concepts


A Variable Is the Property Being Studied

Variable變數

Event事件 Act行動

Characteristic特徵 Trait特質Attribute屬性


Types of Variables

Dichotomous Male/FemaleEmployed/ Unemployed

DiscreteEthnic backgroundEducational level

Religious affiliation

ContinuousIncome

TemperatureAge


變數類別例如：工學院、文學院、管理學院…例如： Yes and No大小喜不喜歡，從 1 到 7等距溫度等比長度


Independent and Dependent Variable Synonyms

Independent Variable (IV)PredictorPresumed causeStimulusPredicted from…AntecedentManipulated

Dependent Variable (DV)CriterionPresumed effectResponsePredicted to….ConsequenceMeasured outcome


Relationships Among Variable Types

x: 自變數 y: 依變數、因變數

z: 調節變數 Moderator

Interaction effects:互動效果、調節效果



控制變數

干擾變數、混淆變數



IVV: Mediator 中間變數、中介變數

Mediating effects:中介效果


Propositions 命題 and Hypotheses 假說Brand Manager Jones (case) has a higher-than-average achievement motivation (variable).

Brand managers in Company Z (cases) have a higher-than-average achievement motivation (variable).

Generalization


Characteristics of Strong Hypotheses

A Strong

Hypothesis Is

Adequate

Testable

Better than rivals


Sound Reasoning

Exposition Argument

InductionDeduction

Types of Discourse

Documents

企業的研究 — 基本理念