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Newest Philosophical Dictionary Gritsanov AA
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Íîâåéøèé ôèëîñîôñêèé ñëîâàðüÌèíñê � 1999 ã.Íàó÷íîå èçäàíèå
Ãëàâíûé íàó÷íûé ðåäàêòîð è ñîñòàâèòåëü � ÃÐÈÖÀÍΠÀ.À.Íàó÷íûå ðåäàêòîðû: ÀÁÓØÅÍÊÎ Â.Ë., ÌÎÆÅÉÊÎ Ì.À., ÐÓÌßÍÖÅÂÀ Ò.Ã.Îòâåòñòâåííûé ñåêðåòàðü è ðåäàêòîð � ÌÅÐÖÀËÎÂÀ À.È.
Ðåöåíçåíòû:ÀËÏÅÅÂÀ Ò.Ì., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóêÂÎÄÎÏÜßÍΠÏ.À., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóêÑÈÍßÊΠÑ.Â., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóêÑÌÈÐÍÎÂÀ Ð.À., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóêÒÎÐÎÑßÍ Â.Ã., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóê
Íîâåéøèé ôèëîñîôñêèé ñëîâàðü / Ñîñò. À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ. � Ìí.: Èçä. Â.Ì. Ñêàêóí, 1998. - 896
ISBN 985-6235-17-0
"Íîâåéøèé ôèëîñîôñêèé ñëîâàðü" âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ îêîëî 1400 àíàëèòè÷åñêèõ ñòàòåé, îõâàòûâàþù
Òèðàæ 10 000 ýêç.Èçäàòåëü Â.Ì. Ñêàêóí. Ëèöåíçèÿ ËÂ ¹ 293 îò 06.05.98. 220040 ã. Ìèíñê, óë. Ë.Áåäû, 3.
ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ
Àâòîðû ñòàòåé........................................................ XIVÏðåäèñëîâèå.........................................................XVIII
Ñòàòüè è íîìèíàöèè:
Àáåëÿð Ïüåð....................................................... 1Àáñîëþò ............................................................ 1Àáñîëþòèçàöèÿ................................................... 1Àáñîëþòíàÿ èäåÿ ................................................ 1Àáñîëþòíîå è Îòíîñèòåëüíîå................................ 1Àáñòðàêòíîå è Êîíêðåòíîå ................................... 2Àáñòðàêöèÿ........................................................ 2Àáñóðä............................................................... 3Àáóëèÿ.............................................................. 3Àâàòàðà............................................................. 3Àâãóñòèí Áëàæåííûé .......................................... 3Àâåíàðèóñ.......................................................... 4Àâåðèíöåâ.......................................................... 4Àâåððîèçì.......................................................... 4Àâåððîýñ............................................................ 5
Àâèöåííà........................................................... 5Àâòàðêèÿ........................................................... 5Àâòîêîììóíèêàöèÿ ............................................. 5Àâòîêðàòèÿ........................................................ 5Àâòîìàòèçì........................................................ 6Àâòîíîìèÿ......................................................... 6Àâòîðèòàðíàÿ ëè÷íîñòü ....................................... 6Àâòîðèòàðíàÿ ðåëèãèÿ......................................... 6Àâòîðèòåò.......................................................... 6Àâòîðõàíîâ........................................................ 6Àãàïå ................................................................ 7Àãíè Éîãà.......................................................... 7Àãíîñòèöèçì ...................................................... 8Àãðåãàò.............................................................. 9Àãðåññèÿ............................................................ 9Àäàïòàöèÿ......................................................... 9Àäâàéòà............................................................. 9Àääèòèâíîñòü..................................................... 9Àäåêâàòíûé ....................................................... 9Àäæîðíàìåíòî.................................................... 9Àäèàôîðà..........................................................10Àäëåð...............................................................10Àäîðàòñêèé.......................................................11Àäîðíî .............................................................11Àçåèòåò ............................................................12Àéäóêåâè÷.........................................................12ÀéåðÀêàäåìèÿ..........................................................13Àêàøà..............................................................13Àêîñìèçì..........................................................14Àêñàêîâ È.Ñ.....................................................14Àêñàêîâ Ê.Ñ.....................................................14Àêñåëüðîä.........................................................15Àêñèîëîãèÿ.......................................................15Àêñèîìàòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä ......................................17Àêñèîìåòðèÿ .....................................................18Àêòóàëèçàöèÿ ...................................................18Àêòóàëüíîñòè òåîðèÿ..........................................18Àêöèäåíöèÿ ......................................................18Àêöèÿ ..............................................................19Àëàí Ëèëëüñêèé................................................19Àëãîðèòì..........................................................19Àëåêñàíäåð Ñ....................................................19Àëåêñàíäåð Ô....................................................19Àëåêñàíäðîâ......................................................19Àëèçàðîâñêèé....................................................20Àëêîãîëü..........................................................20Àëëåãîðèÿ.........................................................20Àëõèìèÿ ..........................................................20Àëüáåðò Âåëèêèé...............................................21Àëüòðóèçì ........................................................21Àëüòþññåð.........................................................22Àìàëüðèê èç Áåíû .............................................22Àìáèâàëåíòíîñòü ...............................................22Àíàêñàãîð.........................................................23Àíàêñèìàíäð.....................................................23Àíàêñèìåí ........................................................23Àíàëèç è Ñèíòåç................................................24Àíàëèòèêà........................................................24Àíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ..................................24
Àíàëîãèÿ..........................................................26Àíàìíåñèñ.........................................................26Àíàíêå (Àíàíêà)................................................26Àíàðõèÿ ...........................................................27Àíäðåàñ-Ñàëîìå .................................................27Àíäðååâ ............................................................27Àíäðîãèí..........................................................28Àíèìà..............................................................28Àíèìèçì...........................................................28Àíîìèÿ ............................................................29Àíñåëüì Êåíòåðáåðèéñêèé ..................................29Àíòèíîìèè ÷èñòîãî ðàçóìà..................................30Àíòèíîìèÿ .......................................................30Àíòèòðèíèòàðèçì ..............................................31Àíòèóòîïèÿ ......................................................31Àíòèõðèñò ........................................................31Àíòè÷íàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ..........................................31Àíòðîïíûé ïðèíöèï...........................................38Àíòðîïîàíàëèç..................................................38Àíòðîïîëîãèçì ..................................................38Àíòðîïîëîãèÿ....................................................39Àíòðîïîëîãèÿ êóëüòóðíàÿ...................................39Àíòðîïîñîôèÿ ...................................................41Àíòðîïîòåõíèêà ................................................41Àëåéðîí............................................................41Àïåëü...............................................................42Àïîêàëèïñèñ .....................................................43Àïîêàëèïòè÷åñêèå âñàäíèêè................................43Àïîêàëèïòè÷åñêèé.............................................43Àïîêàëèïòè÷åñêîå ÷èñëî.....................................43Àïîêàñòàñèñ......................................................43Àïîëëîíîâñêîå è Äèîíèñèéñêîå ...........................43Àïîëîãåòèêà......................................................44Àïîðèÿ.............................................................44Àïîñòåðèîðè......................................................44Àïîôàòè÷åñêàÿ òåîëîãèÿ.....................................44Àïïåðöåïöèÿ.....................................................45Àïðèîðè ...........................................................45Àðãóìåíòàöèÿ....................................................45Àðåíä...............................................................46Àðèñòîòåëü .......................................................47Àðîí ................................................................48Àðõåòèï............................................................49Àñåáèÿ .............................................................49Àñêåòèçì ..........................................................49Àñìóñ...............................................................50Àñòðîëîãèÿ .......................................................50Àòåèçì .............................................................50Àòìàí ..............................................................51Àòîìèñòèêà.......................................................51Àòðèáóò............................................................52Àóòâåéò............................................................52Àóòèçì.............................................................52Áàäåíñêàÿ øêîëà íåîêàíòèàíñòâà ........................53Áàçèñ è Íàäñòðîéêà............................................54Áàêðàäçå...........................................................55Áàêóíèí ...........................................................55Áàðò.................................................................56Áàòàé...............................................................57Áàõàé...............................................................58
Áàõòèí.............................................................58Áàøëÿð ............................................................59Áåãñòâî â áîëåçíü...............................................60Áåãñòâî îò ñâîáîäû.............................................61Áåéëü...............................................................61Áåëàáëîöêèé.....................................................61Áåëèíñêèé ........................................................62Áåëë ................................................................62Áåëîðóññêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ ......................................63Áåëûé À...........................................................63Áåìå.................................................................65Áåíåäèêò ..........................................................65Áåíòàì .............................................................66Áåíüÿìèí..........................................................66Áåðãåð ..............................................................66Áåðãñîí.............................................................67Áåðäÿåâ ............................................................68Áåðêëè ............................................................. 70Áåðí.................................................................71Áåðíàð Êëåðâîñêèé.............................................71Áåðíõýì............................................................73Áåðíøòåéí........................................................73Áåñêîíå÷íîå ...................................................... 74Áåñêîíå÷íîå ëîãè÷åñêîå.......................................74Áåññìåðòèå........................................................75Áåññîçíàòåëüíîå.................................................76Áåõòåðåâ ........................................................... 77Áèáëèÿ.............................................................77Áèíñâàíãåð........................................................78Áèîãåíåòè÷åñêèé çàêîí .......................................78Áèîñôåðà ..........................................................79Áèîýòèêà ..........................................................79Áèñåêñóàëüíîñòü ................................................80Áèõåâèîðèçì .....................................................80Áëàâàòñêàÿ ....................................................... 81Áëàíøî ............................................................81Áëàó ................................................................81Áëîê ................................................................82Áëîíñêèé..........................................................82Áëîõ ................................................................83Áëóìåð .............................................................84Áîàñ.................................................................84Áîã ..................................................................85Áîãäàíîâ...........................................................87Áîãîñëîâèå ïðàâîñëàâíîå.....................................88Áîãóø ..............................................................90Áîäðèéÿð..........................................................90Áîêëü...............................................................91Áîëèíãáðîê.......................................................91Áîëüøåâèçì ......................................................91Áîíàâåíòóðà......................................................92Áîíàïàðò .......................................................... 92Áîðõåñ..............................................................92Áîðüáà..............................................................93Áîññ .................................................................94Áîõâèö.............................................................94Áîõåíüñêèé.......................................................94Áîýöèé .............................................................94Áðàê ................................................................95Áðàõìàí ...........................................................95
Áðåíòàíî ..........................................................96Áðèëë...............................................................96Áðóíî...............................................................96Áðýäëè .............................................................97Áóáåð ...............................................................98Áóääà ...............................................................98Áóääèçì............................................................99Áóäíûé Á........................................................ 100Áóäíûé Ñ........................................................ 100Áóëãàêîâ ........................................................ 101Áóðäüå............................................................ 102Áóðèäàí.......................................................... 102Áóõàðèí.......................................................... 102Áõàãàâàä-Ãèòà............................................. 104Áõàñêàð.......................................................... 104Áûòèå............................................................. 104Áûõîâñêèé...................................................... 105Áýêîí Ð.......................................................... 105Áýêîí Ô......................................................... 105Áþðîêðàòèÿ .................................................... 105Âàëåíòèíîâ..................................................... 107Âàëîâè÷.......................................................... 107Âàëüäåíôåëüñ .................................................. 107Âàí ×óí.......................................................... 108Âàðòîôñêèé..................................................... 108Âàðüÿø .......................................................... 108Ââåäåíñêèé ..................................................... 108Âåáåð À.......................................................... 109Âåáåð Ì.......................................................... 110Âåáëåí............................................................110Âåäû .............................................................. 111Âåçäåñóùíîñòü................................................. 112"Âåëèêèå íåâðîçû" íàøåãî âðåìåíè .................... 112Âåíñêèé êðóæîê .............................................. 112Âåðà............................................................... 112Âåðèôèêàöèÿ................................................... 114Âåðíàäñêèé ..................................................... 115Âåðîÿòíîñòü .................................................... 115"Âåñåëàÿ íàóêà"............................................... 116Âå÷íîå âîçâðàùåíèå ......................................... 116"Âåùü â ñåáå" .................................................. 119Âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñîöèàëüíîå............................... 120Âèâåêàíàíäà.................................................... 120Âèçå............................................................... 120Âèêî .............................................................. 121Âèíäåëüáàíä.................................................... 121Âèíî .............................................................. 122Âèòàëèçì........................................................ 122Âèòãåíøòåéí................................................... 123Âèòòåë üñ.........................................................123Âèøîâàòûé.....................................................124Âëàñòü............................................................124Âíèìàíèå........................................................ 124Âîçìîæíîñòü è Äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòü....................... 125Âîçìîæíûå ìèðû ............................................. 126Âîçðîæäåíèå.................................................... 127Âîëàí.............................................................128Âîëîøèíîâ .....................................................128Âîëüòåð .......................................................... 128Âîëüô............................................................. 129
Âîëþíòàðèçì................................................... 130Âîëÿ .............................................................. 130"Âîëÿ ê âëàñòè"...............................................131Âîïðîñ............................................................133Âîðîíåíèé....................................................... 134Âîñêðåøåíèå ................................................... 134Âñåëåíñêèé ..................................................... 135Âîñïèòàíèå .....................................................135Âîñïðèÿòèå ..................................................... 137Âîñüìåðè÷íûé (Áëàãîðîäíûé) Ïóòü .................... 137Âðåìÿ............................................................. 137Âðåìÿ ñîöèàëüíîå ............................................ 137Âðîæäåííûå èäåè............................................. 137Âñååäèíñòâî..................................................... 138Âñåîáùàÿ ñâÿçü ÿâëåíèé ................................... 139Âóëüãàðíûé ìàòåðèàëèçì.................................. 139Âóëüô............................................................. 139Âóíäò............................................................. 140Âûãîòñêèé ...................................................... 140Âûðóáîâ..........................................................141Âûñîöêèé ....................................................... 141Âûòåñíåíèå .....................................................143Âûøåñëàâöåâ................................................... 143Ãàâðèèë.......................................................... 144Ãàäàìåð ..........................................................144Ãàëèëåé..........................................................144Ãàðìîíèÿ........................................................ 145Ãàðìîíèÿ ñôåð................................................. 146Ãàðîäè............................................................ 146Ãàðàìàí Í......................................................147Ãàðòìàí Ý.......................................................148Ãàññåíäè.........................................................148Ãâàðäèíè ........................................................ 149Ãâàòòàðè.........................................................149Ãåãåëü ............................................................ 150Ãåäîíèçì ........................................................ 152Ãåêêåëü ..........................................................152Ãåëåí ............................................................. 152Ãåëüâåöèè.......................................................153Ãåëüäåðëèí .....................................................153Òåíäåð............................................................155Ãåíåçèñ........................................................... 156Ãåíåðàëèçàöèÿ................................................. 156Ãåíîí ............................................................. 156Ãåîïîëèòèêà....................................................157Ãåîöåíòðèçì.................................................... 158Ãåðàêëèò ........................................................ 158Ãåðáàðò...........................................................159Ãåðäåð ............................................................159Ãåðìåíåâòèêà .................................................. 160Ãåðîåâ è Òîëïû òåîðèè ..................................... 160Ãåðöåí........................................................... 161Ãåðøåíçîí....................................................... 163Ãåññå ..............................................................876Ãåññåí.............................................................164Ãåòå ...............................................................165Ãåøòàëüò-ïñèõîëîãèÿ....................................... 165Ãåøòàëüò-òåðàïèÿ............................................ 166Ãèääåíñ .......................................................... 166Ãèéîì.............................................................167
Ãèëåîìîðôèçì ................................................. 168Ãèëîçîèçì....................................................... 170Ãèïàòèÿ.......................................................... 170Ãèïîñòàçèðîâàíèå ............................................170Ãèïîòåçà......................................................... 170Ãèïîòåòèêî-äåäóêòèâíûé ìåòîä.......................... 171Ãëàêìàí ......................................................... 172Ãëóáèííàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ .....................................172Ãíîçèñ............................................................ 172Ãíîñåîëîãèÿ ....................................................174Ãîááñ.............................................................. 174Ãîëîñîâêåð......................................................175Ãîëüáàõ..........................................................176Ãîëüäìàí........................................................ 176Ãîìåîñòàç........................................................ 177Ãîðñêèé..........................................................178Ãîñïèòàëèçì....................................................178Ãîñóäàðñòâî.....................................................178Ãîóëäíåð.........................................................180Ãîôìàí...........................................................180Ãðàæäàíñêîå îáùåñòâî...................................... 181Ãðàìøè .......................................................... 181Ãðàíîâñêèé ..................................................... 183Ãðîäíåíñêèå ôèëîñîôñêèå òðàêòàòû....................183Ãðîò............................................................... 183Ãðîöèé ........................................................... 184Ãðóïïà ñîöèàëüíàÿ...........................................184Ãðóïïîâîé ïñèõîàíàëèç ....................................184Ãðþíáàóì........................................................185Ãóìàíèçì........................................................185Ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ.............................186Ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðåëèãèÿ.................................. 186Ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèç...........................186Ãóìáîëüäò....................................................... 186Ãóìèëåâ.......................................................... 187Ãóìïëîâè÷ ...................................................... 188Ãóðâè÷............................................................ 188Ãóðäæèåâ........................................................190Ãóññåðëü ......................................................... 190Ãýëáðåéò......................................................... 192Äàâèä Àíàõò...................................................193Äàäàèçì.......................................................... 193Äàìèàíè Ïåòð .................................................194Äàíèëåâñêèé ................................................... 194Äàíòå.............................................................195Äàî................................................................ 196Äàîñèçì..........................................................196Äàðâèí...........................................................196Äàðåíäîðô....................................................... 197Äâà âèäà (ïðèíöèïà) îðèåíòàöèè ....................... 197Äâèæåíèå ....................................................... 198Äâîéñòâåííîé èñòèíû òåîðèÿ.............................198Äåáîðèí.......................................................... 198Äåâèàíòíàÿ íàóêà............................................ 198Äåäóêöèÿ........................................................198Äåèçì............................................................. 199âàí Äåéê ........................................................199Äåêàáðèñòû.....................................................200Äåêàäåíòñòâî...................................................200Äåêàðò ........................................................... 200
Äåêîíñòðóêöèÿ................................................203Äåëåç .............................................................204Äåìèóðã..........................................................205Äåìîãðàôè÷åñêèé âçðûâ ....................................205Äåìîãðàôèÿ.....................................................206Äåìîêðèò........................................................206Äåíîòàò..........................................................207Äåîíòîëîãèÿ....................................................207Äåððèäà..........................................................207Äåñèãíàò.........................................................208Äåñòðóäî.........................................................208Äåñòðóêöèÿ.....................................................208Äåòåðìèíèçì ...................................................208Äåôèíèöèÿ ..................................................... 209Äåÿòåëüíîñòü .................................................. 210Äæàéíèçì.......................................................210Äæåìñ............................................................210Äæåíòèëå .......................................................211Äæèëàñ ..........................................................212Äèàëåêòèêà.....................................................212Äèàëåêòè÷åñêàÿ òåîëîãèÿ..................................213Äèàëåêòè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàëèçì............................214Äèàëîã ...........................................................215Äèàëîãèçì ......................................................215Äèàõðîííîñòü è Ñèíõðîííîñòü...........................215Äèäðî.............................................................216Äèêòàòóðà ïðîëåòàðèàòà...................................218Äèëåììà.........................................................218Äèëüòåé..........................................................218Äèîãåí Ëàýðòèé...............................................221Äèîãåí Ñèíîïñêèé ...........................................221Äèñêóðñ..........................................................222Äèñêóðñèâíûé .................................................222Äèñòàíöèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ .....................................222Äèôôóçèîíèçì.................................................222Äîáðî è Çëî ....................................................223Äîáøåâè÷ .......................................................223Äîâãèðä..........................................................224Äîãìàòèçì ......................................................224Äîêàçàòåëüñòâà áûòèÿ Áîãà...............................224Äîêàçàòåëüñòâî................................................ 225Äîêòîð ........................................................... 225Äîëã ..............................................................225Äîñîêðàòèêè ...................................................226Äîñòîåâñêèé....................................................226Äðóãîé ...........................................................226Äóàëèçì .........................................................227Äóíå Ñêîò.......................................................228Äóøà .............................................................228Äõàðìà...........................................................228Äüþè..............................................................228Äþðèíã...........................................................229Äþðêãåéì .......................................................229Åâãåíèêà ........................................................232Åâðàçèéñòâî ....................................................232Åâðîïîöåíòðèçì...............................................233Åâõàðèñòèÿ.....................................................233Åãèïåòñêàÿ "Êíèãà ìåðòâûõ".............................233Åëåíñêèé........................................................234Åðåñè .............................................................234
Åðìàêîâ..........................................................234Åðîôååâ ..........................................................234Åñòåñòâîçíàíèå................................................237Åôðîñèíüÿ Ïîëîöêàÿ........................................238ÆàíÁóðèäàí .................................................. 239Æàíå .............................................................239Æåëåâ ............................................................239"Æèçíåííûé ìèð"............................................240Æèçíü............................................................ 241Æèëüñîí ........................................................241Çàêîí.............................................................243Çàëêèíä..........................................................243Çàëóññêèé.......................................................243Çàïàäíè÷åñòâî ................................................. 243Çåíîí Ýëåéñêèé ............................................... 244Çåíîí-Ñòîèê....................................................244Çåíüêîâñêèé....................................................244Çèçàíèé Ë......................................................245Çèçàíèé Ñ.......................................................245Çèììåëü ......................................................... 245Çíàê ..............................................................246Çíàíåöêèé ......................................................247Çíàíèå ........................................................... 247Çíîñêà............................................................ 249Çîëîòîå ïðàâèëî ïîâåäåíèÿ ............................... 249Çîìáàðò.......................................................... 249Çîðîàñòðèçì .................................................... 250ÈáíÐóøä....................................................... 251Èáí Ñèíà........................................................251Èáí Õàëüäóí................................................... 251Èâàíîâ...........................................................251Èâàíîâñêèé..................................................... 251Èãðà .............................................................. 252Èäåàë............................................................. 252Èäåàëèçèðîâàííûé îáúåêò ................................253Èäåàëèçì........................................................253Èäåàëüíîå.......................................................255Èäåàëüíûé òèï................................................ 255Èäåàëüíûõ òèïîâ ìåòîä.................................... 255Èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ............................................... 256Èäåîëîãèÿ....................................................... 256Èäåÿ ..............................................................257Èäèîãðàôè÷åñêèé ìåòîä .................................... 257Èåðàðõèÿ........................................................ 257Èåðàðõèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ....................................... 258Èçìåíåííîå ñîçíàíèå........................................ 258Èçìåðåíèå....................................................... 258Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ................................................. 259Èëüåíêîâ........................................................ 260Èëüèí ............................................................ 261Èììàíåíòíûé..................................................261Èíàêîñòü........................................................262Èíâåêòèâà ...................................................... 262Èíâåðñèÿ........................................................ 263Èíäèâèä, Èíäèâèäóàëüíîñòü .............................. 263Èíäèâèäóàëèçì ............................................... 264Èíäèéñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ...................................... 264Èíäóèçì .........................................................265Èíäóêöèÿ ....................................................... 265Èíäóñòðèàëüíîå îáùåñòâî................................ 266
Èííîâàöèîííûå ñîöèàëüíûå òåõíîëîãèè ............. 266Èííîâàöèîííûé ïðîöåññ ................................... 267Èííîâàöèÿ...................................................... 268Èíñòèòóò ñîöèàëüíûé ...................................... 269Èíñòðóìåíòàëèçì.............................................269Èíòåëëåêò ......................................................269Èíòåëëèãèáåëüíûé........................................... 270Èíòåíöèîíàëüíîñòü..........................................270Èíòåðíàöèîíàëèçì...........................................270Èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ ................................................270Èíòåðñóáúåêòèâíîñòü........................................ 272Èíòðîâåðñèÿ.................................................... 272Èíòðîåêöèÿ .................................................... 272Èíòðîñïåêöèÿ .................................................272Èíòóèöèÿ .......................................................273Èíôîðìàöèîííîå îáùåñòâî................................274Èíôîðìàöèÿ....................................................274Èíöåñò...........................................................276Èîàíí Äóíå Ñêîò.............................................277Èîàíí Ñêîò Ýðèóãåíà .......................................280Èðîíèÿ...........................................................280Èðîíèÿ èñòîðèè...............................................282Èððàöèîíàëèçì ...............................................282Èñèõàçì .........................................................283Èñêóññòâåííîå è Åñòåñòâåííîå............................283Èñêóññòâî.......................................................284Èñëàì ............................................................286Èñòèíà...........................................................287Èñòîðèöèçì.....................................................288Èñòîðè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàëèçì ...............................290Èñòîðèÿ..........................................................290Èñòîðèÿ ôèëîñîôèè .........................................291Èóäàèçì .........................................................293Éîãà ..............................................................298Êàáàíèñ..........................................................299Êàááàëà..........................................................299Êàâåëèí..........................................................300Êàêàáàäçå.......................................................301Êàëîêàãàòèÿ ...................................................301Êàëüâèí ......................................................... 301Êàìïàíåëëà .................................................... 302Êàìþ .............................................................302Êàíåòòè.........................................................303Êàíò..............................................................303Êàïïàäîêèéñêàÿ øêîëà....................................876Êàðäèíåð ........................................................305Êàðååâ............................................................305Êàðìà.............................................................306Êàðíàï...........................................................306Êàðñàâèí ........................................................307Êàðòåçèàíñòâî .................................................308Êàññèðåð.........................................................308Êàñòà.............................................................308Êàñòàíåäà .......................................................308Êàòàðñèñ.........................................................309Êàòàðòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä........................................309Êàòàñòðîôà ñîöèàëüíàÿ ....................................309Êàòàôàòè÷åñêàÿ òåîëîãèÿ..................................309Êàòåãîðèè êóëüòóðû.........................................310Êàòåãîðè÷åñêèé èìïåðàòèâ................................310
Êàòåãîðèÿ.......................................................310Êàòåêñèñ.........................................................311Êàòîëè÷åñòâî ..................................................311Êàóçàëüíîñòü ..................................................311Êàóòñêèé........................................................311Êàôêà ............................................................312Êà÷åñòâî è Êîëè÷åñòâî .....................................312Êâèåòèçì........................................................313Êåäðîâ............................................................313Êèíèêè .......................................................... 313Êèðååâñêèé .....................................................313Êèðåíàèêè ......................................................314Êèðèëë Òóðîâñêèé ...........................................314Êèñòÿêîâñêèé..................................................314Êèòàéñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ ......................................315Êëàññ.............................................................316Êëàññèôèêàöèÿ ............................................316Êëèìåíò Ñìîëÿòè÷...........................................317Êëîññîâñêèé....................................................317Êîâàëåâñêèé....................................................317Êîãåí .............................................................318Êîãíèòèâíûé äèññîíàíñ....................................318Êîæåâ ............................................................319Êîçåð .............................................................319Êîçëîâ ........................................................... 320Êîëëåêòèâíîå áåññîçíàòåëüíîå...........................321Êîëëèíãâóä.....................................................321Êîììóíèçì .....................................................322Êîììóíèêàöèÿ ................................................322Êîìïëåêñ........................................................323Êîíâåíöèîíàëèçì ............................................323Êîíäèëüÿê......................................................324Êîíäîðñå.........................................................324Êîíèññêèé ......................................................324Êîííîòàöèÿ ....................................................325Êîíñåðâàòèçì ..................................................325Êîíñòðóêò.......................................................327Êîíñòðóêòèâíûé òèï........................................327Êîíò ..............................................................328Êîíòåêñò ........................................................329Êîíòðêóëüòóðà ................................................ 329Êîíòðîëü ñîöèàëüíûé ......................................330Êîíôèãóðèðîâàíèå ...........................................330Êîíôëèêò .......................................................330Êîíôëèêòîëîãèÿ..............................................330Êîíôóöèé .......................................................331Êîíöåïò..........................................................331Êîíöåïòóàëèçàöèÿ ...........................................331Êîíöåïòóàëèçì................................................332Êîïåðíèê........................................................ 333Êîïèåâè÷........................................................333Êîðø .............................................................333Êîñìèçì .........................................................334Êîñìèçì ðóññêèé.............................................334Êîòàðáèíüñêèé................................................334Êîõëåâñêèé.....................................................335Êîýâîëþöèÿ ....................................................335Êîÿëîâè÷........................................................336Êðàñîòà..........................................................336Êðàòèë...........................................................338
Êðèñòåâà.........................................................338Êðèøíà..........................................................340Êðîíåð ...........................................................340Êðîïîòêèí ......................................................341Êðî÷å.............................................................342Êóàéí.............................................................343Êóçàíñêèé Íèêîëàé .........................................344Êóëè..............................................................344Êóëüòóðà ........................................................344Êóëüòóðíîãî îòñòàâàíèÿ êîíöåïöèÿ ...................346Êóëüòóðíî-èñòîðè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà .........................346Êóëüòóðîëîãèÿ ................................................347Êóí................................................................348Êüåðêåãîð .......................................................349Êýððîëë..........................................................350Ëàáèðèíò........................................................351Ëàáðèîëà........................................................351Ëàâðîâ ........................................................... 352Ëàêàí.............................................................352Ëàêàòîñ..........................................................353Ëàìàðê...........................................................354Ëàìåòðè..........................................................354Ëàî-Öçû.........................................................355Ëàïëàñ ........................................................... 355Ëàïïî-Äàíèëåâñêèé .........................................355Ëàïøèí..........................................................356Ëàóêñìèí........................................................357Ëåáîí.............................................................357Ëåâè-Áðþëü.....................................................357Ëåâèíàñ..........................................................358Ëåâè-Ñòðîññ ....................................................358Ëåâèöêèé........................................................359Ëåâêèïï ......................................................... 360Ëåãèòèìíîñòü..................................................360Ëåéáíèö ......................................................... 360Ëåéíã.............................................................361Ëåì................................................................362Ëåíèí.............................................................362Ëåíèíèçì........................................................363Ëåí÷èöêèé......................................................363Ëåîíòüåâ À. Í..................................................363Ëåîíòüåâ Ê. Í..................................................363Ëåðó...............................................................364Ëåññèíã ..........................................................364Ëèáåðàëèçì.....................................................365Ëèáèäî...........................................................366Ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêèé ïîâîðîò..................................367Ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêîé îòíîñèòåëüíîñòè êîíöåïöèÿ......367Ëèíêîñ...........................................................368Ëèîòàð ...........................................................368Ëèòâèí...........................................................369Ëèöèíèé Íàìûñëîâñêèé ...................................369Ëè÷íîñòü ........................................................369Ëîâàí.............................................................371Ëîãèêà ...........................................................371Ëîãîñ .............................................................372Ëîêê..............................................................373Ëîìáðîçî ........................................................374Ëîïàòèí .........................................................375Ëîðåíö ...........................................................376
Ëîñåâ .............................................................376Ëîññêèé Â.Í...................................................377Ëîññêèé Í.0...................................................378Ëîòìàí...........................................................379Ëóêàñåâè÷.......................................................379Ëóêà÷.............................................................380Ëóêìàí...........................................................380Ëóìàí ............................................................381Ëóðèÿ.............................................................381Ëûùèíñêèé ....................................................382Ëüþèñ Êëàéâ Ñ................................................382Ëüþèñ Êëàðåíñ È.............................................384Ëþáîâü...........................................................384Ëþòåð.............................................................387Ìàéåâòèêà......................................................388Ìàéìîí .......................................................... 388Ìàéìîíèä.......................................................388Ìàéòðåéÿ........................................................388Ìàêèàâåëëè ....................................................388Ìàê-Ëþýí.......................................................389Ìàëèíîâñêèé ..................................................390Ìàëüáðàíø.....................................................391Ìàëüòóñ..........................................................391Ìàìàðäàøâèëè................................................392das Man..........................................................393Ìàíèõåéñòâî ...................................................394Ìàíòðà...........................................................394Ìàíõåéì.........................................................394Ìàðáóðãñêàÿ øêîëà íåîêàíòèàíñòâà...................395Ìàðãèíàëüíîñòü...............................................397Ìàðèíåòòè ......................................................398Ìàðèòåí .........................................................399Ìàðê Àâðåëèé Àíòîíèí....................................401Ìàðêñ.............................................................401Ìàðêñèçì........................................................402Ìàðêñèçì � ëåíèíèçì.....................................402Ìàðêóçå..........................................................402Ìàðñåëü..........................................................403Ìàñëîó...........................................................405Ìàññîâàÿ êóëüòóðà...........................................405Ìàññîâîå ñîçíàíèå............................................406Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ ëîãèêà....................................406Ìàòåðèàëèçì...................................................407Ìàòåðèàëüíîå åäèíñòâî ìèðà.............................407Ìàòåðèÿ .........................................................407Ìàõ ...............................................................409Ìåáèóñ ...........................................................409Ìåãàìàøèíà....................................................409Ìåãàðñêàÿ øêîëà.............................................410Ìåãðåëèäçå......................................................410Ìåäèòàöèÿ......................................................411Ìåéåð.............................................................412Ìåíü..............................................................413Ìåðà ..............................................................413Ìåðåæêîâñêèé.................................................414Ìåðëî-Ïîíòè...................................................414Ìåðòîí...........................................................416Ìåòàïñèõîëîãèÿ ..............................................417Ìåòàòåîðèÿ.....................................................417Ìåòàôèçèêà ....................................................417
Ìåòàôîðà........................................................419Ìåòåìïñèõîçà..................................................420Ìåòîä.............................................................420Ìåòîä ñâîáîäíûõ àññîöèàöèé.............................420Ìåòîäîëîãèÿ ...................................................420Ìåõàíèöèçì....................................................421Ìå÷íèêîâ........................................................421Ìèä Äæ. Ã.......................................................422Ìèä Ì............................................................422Ìèêðîïñèõîàíàëèç...........................................423Ìèëëåíàðèçì ..................................................423Ìèëëñ............................................................423Ìèëëü............................................................424Ìèëþêîâ ........................................................425Ìèðîâîççðåíèå.................................................425Ìèñòèêà.........................................................426Ìèòèí............................................................429Ìèô...............................................................430Ìèôîëîãè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà....................................430Ìèôîëîãèÿ .....................................................431Ìèõàéëîâñêèé.................................................434Ìîáèëüíîñòü ñîöèàëüíàÿ ..................................434Ìîäà..............................................................435Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå................................................435Ìîäåëü...........................................................435Ìîäåðíèçàöèè êîíöåïöèÿ..................................435Ìîäåðíèçì ......................................................438Ìîäóñ.............................................................439Ìîíàäà...........................................................439Ìîíèçì ..........................................................440Ìîíîòåèçì......................................................440Ìîíòåñêüå.......................................................440Ìîð................................................................441Ìîðàëü...........................................................441Ìîðãàí...........................................................442Ìîðåíî...........................................................442Ìîððèñ...........................................................443Ìîñêîâè÷è ......................................................444Ìîññ ..............................................................444Ìîòèâ ............................................................445Ìîòèâàöèÿ......................................................445Ìóæèëîâñêèé..................................................445Ìóíüå.............................................................445Ìóð................................................................446Ìûñëåäåÿòåëüíîñòü..........................................447Ìûñëåííûé ýêñïåðèìåíò...................................448Ìûøëåíèå......................................................449Ìýìôîðä.........................................................450Íàáëþäåíèå ....................................................452Íàãàðäæóíà ....................................................452Íàäåæäà.........................................................452Íàðáóò...........................................................453Íàðêîàíàëèç...................................................453Íàððàòèâ........................................................453Íàðöèññèçì.....................................................455Íàñèëèå..........................................................456Íàòîðï...........................................................456Íàóêà.............................................................457Íàó÷íàÿ êàðòèíà ìèðà .....................................459Íàöèîíàëèçì ..................................................459
Íàöèÿ............................................................460Íåâðîçû..........................................................460Íåéðàò ...........................................................460Íåìåöêàÿ êëàññè÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ ....................460Íåíàñèëèÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ è ýòèêà ..........................461Íåîáõîäèìîñòü è Ñëó÷àéíîñòü...........................462Íåîêàíòèàíñòâî...............................................462Íåîìàðêñèçì ...................................................462Íåîïëàòîíèçì .................................................463Íåîïîçèòèâèçì................................................463Íåîïñèõîàíàëèç...............................................464Íåîòîìèçì ......................................................464Íåïîñðåäñòâåííîå.............................................464"Íå-ß"............................................................464Íèêîëàé Êóçàíñêèé .........................................465Íèðâàíà ......................................................... 467Íèöøå ...........................................................467Íîâàëèñ..........................................................469Íîâãîðîäöåâ....................................................4 70Íîâîââåäåíèå ..................................................470Íîìèíàëèçì....................................................471Íîìîòåòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä......................................471Íîîñôåðà ........................................................471Íîðìà ............................................................472Íîñòàëüãèÿ.....................................................473Íîñòàëüãèÿ, íîñòàëüãè÷åñêîå .............................474Íîóìåí...........................................................474Íîýçèñ è Íîýìà ...............................................474Íóöóáèäçå.......................................................474Îáîñíîâàíèå....................................................476Îáðàç æèçíè....................................................476Îáðàçîâàíèå ....................................................478Îáùåíèå.........................................................480Îáùåñòâåííîãî äîãîâîðà òåîðèÿ .........................480Îáùåñòâåííîå ìíåíèå .......................................481Îáùåñòâåííî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ôîðìàöèÿ ...............482Îáùåñòâåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ .................................483Îáùåñòâî........................................................483Îáùåñòâî èçîáèëèÿ..........................................483Îáùå÷åëîâå÷åñêèå öåííîñòè...............................484Îáùíîñòü ñîöèàëüíàÿ.......................................484Îáúåêò ...........................................................484Îáúÿñíåíèå .....................................................484Îãáîðí............................................................485Îäèíî÷åñòâî ....................................................485Îêêàçèîíàëèçì................................................486Îêêàì ............................................................486Îêêàìèçì .......................................................486Îíòîëîãèÿ.......................................................486Îïåðàöèîíàëèçàöèÿ..........................................487Îïåðàöèîíàëèçì ..............................................488Îïåðàöèîíàëüíîå îïðåäåëåíèå ïîíÿòèé ...............489Îïèñàíèå ........................................................490Îïîñðåäîâàíèå .................................................490Îïðàâäàíèå ................................................... 490Îïðåäìå÷èâàíèå è ðàñïðåäìå÷èâàíèå...................491Îïðîâåðæåíèå..................................................492Îïûò..............................................................492Îðãàçì............................................................492Îðãàíèçàöèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ...................................493
Îðãàíè÷åñêîå îáùåñòâî .....................................493Îðòåãà-è-Ãàññåò................................................493Îðòîäîêñèÿ .....................................................495Îðóýëë ...........................................................495Îðôèçì...........................................................496"Îñåâîå âðåìÿ".................................................496Îñèïîâ ........................................................... 497"Îñíîâíîé âîïðîñ ôèëîñîôèè"............................497Îñòâàëüä.........................................................497Îòêëîíÿþùååñÿ (äåâèàíòíîå) ïîâåäåíèå..............498Îòêðîâåíèå .....................................................498Îòêðûòîå îáùåñòâî ..........................................500Îòðàæåíèå ......................................................501Îò÷óæäåíèå.....................................................501Îöåíêà ...........................................................502Îùóùåíèå.......................................................503Ïàâåë Àïîñòîë ................................................504Ïàâëîâ...........................................................504Ïàíòåèçì........................................................504Ïàðàäèãìà ......................................................504Ïàðàíàó÷íîå çíàíèå .........................................505Ïàðàöåëüñ.......................................................505Ïàðåéñîí ........................................................506Ïàðåòî ...........................................................507Ïàðìåíèä........................................................508Ïàðñîíñ..........................................................508Ïàñêàëü..........................................................509Ïàòðèñòèêà.....................................................510Ïåäàãîãèêà .....................................................511Ïåéí..............................................................512Ïåðåíåñåíèå ....................................................512Ïåðèïàòåòè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà..................................512Ïåðñîíàëèçì ...................................................513Ïåòð Àáåëÿð....................................................514Ïåòð Äàìèàíè .................................................514Ïåòð èç Ãîíåíäçà.............................................514Ïåòðàæèöêèé..................................................515Ïåòðîâ ........................................................... 515Ïèàæå............................................................516Ïèåòèçì .........................................................516Ïèêî äåëëà Ìèðàíäîëà.....................................517ÏèðñÏèñàðåâ..........................................................518Ïèôàãîð .........................................................518Ïèôàãîðåèçì...................................................518Ïëàòîí...........................................................519Ïëåñíåð..........................................................523Ïëåòîí...........................................................524Ïëåõàíîâ........................................................524Ïëîòèí...........................................................524Ïëþðàëèçì .....................................................525Ïîâåäåíèå.......................................................525Ïîäñîçíàíèå....................................................526Ïîäòâåðæäåíèå................................................526Ïîäõîä...........................................................526Ïîçèòèâèçì.....................................................527Ïîçíàíèå........................................................527Ïîëàíè........................................................... 528Ïîëèìîðôíàÿ ñåêñóàëüíîñòü..............................529Ïîëèòåèçì è Ìîíîòåèçì...................................529
Ïîëèòèêà ....................................................... 529Ïîëèòöåð........................................................530Ïîìåðàíö........................................................530Ïîíèìàíèå......................................................531Ïîíèìàþùàÿ ñîöèîëîãèÿ..................................532Ïîíÿòèå ......................................................... 533Ïîïïåð...........................................................533Ïîðÿäîê ñîöèàëüíûé........................................535Ïîñòèíäóñòðèàëüíîå îáùåñòâî...........................535Ïîñòìîäåðíèçì ................................................536Ïîñòïîçèòèâèçì...............................................537Ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèçì ..........................................537Ïîñòóëàò ........................................................537Ïîñòôðåéäèçì..................................................538Ïîòåáíÿ..........................................................538Ïîòåé.............................................................538Ïðàâî.............................................................538Ïðàâîñëàâèå....................................................540Ïðàãìàòèçì.....................................................541Ïðàêñåîëîãèÿ.................................................. 541Ïðàêòèêà........................................................542Ïðåäñòàâëåíèå.................................................543Ïðèáàâî÷íàÿ ðåãðåññèÿ .....................................543Ïðèãîæèé.......................................................544Ïðèíöèï.........................................................544Ïðèíöèï íèðâàíû............................................544Ïðèíöèï ïîñòîÿíñòâà.......................................544Ïðèíöèï ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòè............................544Ïðèíöèï ðåàëüíîñòè ........................................544Ïðèíöèï óäîâîëüñòâèÿ .....................................545Ïðèíöèïû ïñèõè÷åñêîé æèçíè ..........................545Ïðèðîäà..........................................................545Ïðè÷èíà è ñëåäñòâèå ........................................546Ïðîáëåìà........................................................546Ïðîáëåìàòèçàöèÿ.............................................547Ïðîâèäåíèå.....................................................548Ïðîâèäåíöèàëèçì ............................................ 548Ïðîãíîç..........................................................548Ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå..............................................549Ïðîãðàììà......................................................549Ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå ...........................................550Ïðîãðàììèðîâàííîå îáùåñòâî............................ 551Ïðîãðåññ.........................................................551Ïðîåêò ...........................................................552Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå............................................... 553Ïðîèçâîäñòâî .................................................. 553Ïðîêë ............................................................ 554Ïðîëåãîìåíû................................................... 554Ïðîïåäåâòèêà..................................................554Ïðîñâåùåíèå ................................................... 554Ïðîñòðàíñòâî è Âðåìÿ ...................................... 555Ïðîòàãîð ........................................................ 555Ïðîòåñòàíòèçì.................................................555Ïðîòåñòàíòñêàÿ ýòèêà ......................................556Ïðîòèâîðå÷èå ..................................................558Ïñèõîàíàëèç................................................... 558Ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ ãåðìåíåâòèêà.....................559Ïñèõîáèîãðàôèÿ .............................................. 559Ïñèõîäðàìà.....................................................559Ïñèõîëîãèÿ.....................................................559
Ïñèõîëîãèÿ ìàññ..............................................560Ïñèõîñîìàòèêà................................................560Ïóðàíû ..........................................................560Ðàâåíñòâî ..................................................561Ðàäèùåâ ......................................................... 561Ðàäêëèô-Áðàóí................................................ 561Ðàçâèòèå......................................................... 562Ðàéõ .............................................................. 562Ðàìàêðèøíà.................................................... 563Ðàíê .............................................................. 563Ðàïïîðò.......................................................... 563Ðàñîâî-àíòðîïîëîãè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà.......................563Ðàñïðåäìå÷èâàíèå ............................................ 564Ðàññåë............................................................ 564Ðàöèîíàëèçì...................................................565Ðåàëèçì..........................................................566Ðåâèçèîíèçì....................................................567Ðåãðåññèÿ........................................................567Ðåäóêöèîíèçì..................................................567Ðåèíêàðíàöèÿ .................................................568Ðåéê .................,............................................ 568Ðåéñíåð .......................................................... 568Ðåêëàìà.......................................................... 568Ðåëèãèÿ..........................................................569Ðåðèõè ........................................................... 570Ðåôëåêñèÿ.......................................................571Ðèçîìà ...........................................................572Ðèêåð.............................................................573Ðèêêåðò..........................................................574Ðèñìåí ........................................................... 574Ðèòóàë ........................................................... 574Ðîäæåð Áýêîí..................................................575Ðîäæåðñ.......................................................... 575Ðîçàíîâ .......................................................... 576Ðîçåíáåðã........................................................578Ðîçåíöâåéã......................................................578Ðîëü ñîöèàëüíàÿ.............................................. 578Ðîìàíòèçì ...................................................... 578Ðîðòè............................................................. 580Ðîñòîó............................................................ 581Ðóáèíøòåéí.................................................... 582Ðóññêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ .......................................... 582Ðóññî..............................................................585Ñàâîíàðîëà ..................................................... 588Ñàä äå ............................................................ 590Ñàëëèâàí........................................................ 592Ñàìàðèí ......................................................... 592Ñàìîîïðåäåëåíèå.............................................. 593Ñàìîñîçíàíèå .................................................. 593Ñàìîñòü.......................................................... 595Ñàìîñóáëèìèðîâàíèå ñåêñóàëüíîñòè.................... 595Ñàíñàðà.......................................................... 595Ñàíòàÿíà........................................................ 595Ñàïåãà............................................................ 596Ñàðáåâñêèé .....................................................596Ñàðòð.............................................................596Ñàõàðîâ.......................................................... 599Ñâåäåíáîðã......................................................600Ñâîáîäà..........................................................601Ñâîáîäà âîëè...................................................602
Ñãóùåíèå........................................................603Ñåêñ...............................................................603Ñåêñò ýìïèðèê.................................................607Ñåêñóàëüíàÿ ðåâîëþöèÿ....................................607Ñåëëàðñ ..........................................................608Ñåìèîòèêà ...................................................... 608Ñåìü ìóäðåöîâ.................................................609Ñåìüÿ.............................................................609Ñåíåêà............................................................610Ñåí-Ñèìîí ......................................................610Ñåíñóàëèçì .....................................................611Ñå÷åíîâ ..........................................................612Ñèëëîãèçì ......................................................612Ñèìâîë...........................................................614Ñèìâîë âåðû ...................................................615Ñèìâîëè÷åñêèé èíòåðàêöèîíèçì ........................616Ñèìåîí Ïîëîöêèé............................................617Ñèìóëÿêð ....................................................... 617Ñèíåðãåòèêà....................................................618Ñèíòîèçì........................................................619Ñèñòåìà..........................................................619"Ñêàíäàë â ôèëîñîôèè" ....................................620Ñêàðãà............................................................620Ñêåïòèöèçì.....................................................620Ñêîâîðîäà.......................................................621Ñêîðèíà..........................................................621Ñêîðóëüñêèé ...................................................622Ñêîò Ýðèóãåíà.................................................622Ñêîòèçì..........................................................622Ñëàâÿíîôèëüñòâî.............................................622Ñëó÷àéíîñòü â èñòîðè÷åñêîì ïðîöåññå ................623Ñìä-Ìåòîäîëîãèÿ.............................................624Ñìåðòü ...........................................................625Ñìåðòü àâòîðà .................................................626Ñìåðòü Áîãà....................................................626Ñìåðòü ñóáúåêòà ..............................................626Ñìåõ ..............................................................628Ñìåùåíèå (ñäâèã).............................................628Ñìèò..............................................................628Ñìîòðèöêèé ....................................................629Ñìûñë è çíà÷åíèå ............................................629Ñíîâèäåíèÿ.....................................................630Ñíÿäåöêèé À...................................................630Ñíÿäåöêèé ß...................................................630Ñîáîðíîñòü......................................................630Ñîâåòñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ .......................................631Ñîäåðæàíèå è ôîðìà.........................................631Ñîäåðæàòåëüíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêàÿ ëîãèêà...................631Ñîçåðöàíèå......................................................632Ñîçíàíèå ........................................................632Ñîêðàò ........................................................... 633Ñîêðàòè÷åñêèå øêîëû ......................................635Ñîëæåíèöûí ...................................................638Ñîëèïñèçì ......................................................639Ñîëîâüåâ.........................................................639Ñîí................................................................641Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå.................................................641Ñîðîêèí..........................................................641Ñîñëîâèå.........................................................643Ñîññþð ...........................................................643
Ñîôèîëîãèÿ.....................................................643Ñîôèñòèêà .....................................................644Ñîôèÿ ............................................................645Ñîöèàëèçàöèÿ .................................................646Ñîöèàëèçì......................................................649Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ãðóïïà ..........................................649Ñîöèàëüíàÿ äèñòàíöèÿ .....................................650Ñîöèàëüíàÿ èåðàðõèÿ.......................................650Ñîöèàëüíàÿ êàòàñòðîôà....................................651Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ìèôîëîãèÿ.....................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ìîáèëüíîñòü ..................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ îáùíîñòü ......................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ ..................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ðîëü .............................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ñòàòèñòèêà ....................................653Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ñòðàòèôèêàöèÿ...............................653Ñîöèàëüíàÿ óñòàíîâêà......................................654Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ.....................................654Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ýâîëþöèÿ ......................................654Ñîöèàëüíîãî îáìåíà êîíöåïöèÿ .........................655Ñîöèàëüíîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå...............................656Ñîöèàëüíîå âðåìÿ............................................656Ñîöèàëüíîå äåéñòâèå ........................................658Ñîöèàëüíîå íàñèëèå.........................................658Ñîöèàëüíîå ðàâåíñòâî.......................................659Ñîöèàëüíûé àòîì ............................................660Ñîöèàëüíûé èíñòèòóò ......................................660Ñîöèàëüíûé êîíòðîëü ......................................661Ñîöèàëüíûé ïîðÿäîê........................................661Ñîöèàëüíûé ðåàëèçì........................................662Ñîöèàëüíûé ñòàòóñ ..........................................663Ñîöèàëüíûé ñòåðåîòèï......................................877Ñîöèí.............................................................663Ñîöèíèàíñòâî..................................................663Ñîöèîáèîëîãèÿ ................................................664Ñîöèîãðàììà...................................................664Ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèé ïñèõîëîãèçì...........................664Ñîöèîëîãèÿ.....................................................665Ñîöèîëîãèÿ çíàíèÿ ..........................................667Ñîöèîìàòðèöà .................................................670Ñîöèîìåòðè÷åñêèé òåñò.....................................671Ñîöèîìåòðèÿ ...................................................671Ñïåíñåð ..........................................................672Ñïèíîçà..........................................................673Ñïèðèòóàëèçì .................................................674Ñðåäíåâåêîâàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ .................................674Ñòàëèí...........................................................678Ñòàíêåâè÷.......................................................678Ñòàòóñ ñîöèàëüíûé...........................................678Ñòåïèí ...........................................................678Ñòåïóí ........................................................... 679Ñòèëü íàó÷íîãî ìûøëåíèÿ................................679Ñòèëü õóäîæåñòâåííûé.....................................680Ñòèõèéíîå è ñîçíàòåëüíîå â èñòîðè÷åñêîì ïðîöåññå..............................................Ñòîèöèçì........................................................681Ñòîðãå............................................................682Ñòðàòà............................................................683Ñòðàòèôèêàöèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ...............................683Ñòðàõîâ..........................................................683Ñòðóâå............................................................684
Ñòðóãàöêèå .....................................................685Ñòðóêòóðà.......................................................686Ñòðóêòóðàëèçì ................................................686Ñóàðåñ ............................................................686Ñóáêóëüòóðà....................................................687Ñóáëèìàöèÿ .................................................... 688Ñóáñòàíöèÿ.....................................................688Ñóáúåêò è îáúåêò.............................................688Ñóäçóêè..........................................................689Ñóäüáà............................................................689Ñóæäåíèå........................................................689Ñóôèçì...........................................................689Ñóùíîñòü è ÿâëåíèå.........................................692Ñõåìà.............................................................692Ñõîëàñòèêà.....................................................692Ñ÷àñòüå...........................................................696Ñþððåàëèçì.....................................................696Òàáó...............................................................698Òàâòîëîãèÿ .....................................................698Òàéëîð ........................................................... 698Òàíàòîñ .......................................................... 698Òàíòðèçì........................................................699Òàðä...............................................................700Òàðñêèé.......................................................... 700Òàòàðêåâè÷ ..................................................... 701Òâîð÷åñòâî......................................................701Òåèçì.............................................................701Òåéÿð äå Øàðäåí .............................................703Òåêñò ............................................................. 704Òåëåîëîãèÿ ..................................................... 705Òåííèñ ........................................................... 706Òåîäèöåÿ ........................................................707Òåîëîãèÿ ........................................................707Òåîðèÿ ........................................................... 709Òåîñîôèÿ ........................................................709Òåðìèí...........................................................709Òåðìèíèçì...................................................... 710Òåðòóëëèàí..................................................... 710Òåñò...............................................................712Òåóðãèÿ ..........................................................712Òåõíèêà.......................................................... 712Òåõíîêðàòèçìà òåîðèè...................................... 714Òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèé äåòåðìèíèçì ........................... 714Òåõíîôîáèÿ..................................................... 714Òèáåòñêàÿ "Êíèãà ìåðòâûõ" ..............................715Òèëëèõ...........................................................715Òèïîëîãèçàöèÿ................................................715Òîæäåñòâî è ðàçëè÷èå....................................... 716Òîéíáè........................................................... 716Òîêâèëü.......................................................... 717Òîëàíä ........................................................... 717Òîëêèí...........................................................718Òîëñòîé..........................................................719Òîìèçì........................................................... 720Òîïèêà........................................................... 720Òîòàëèòàðèçì.................................................. 722Òîòåì.............................................................722Òîòåìèçì........................................................ 723Òîôôëåð .........................................................723Òðàâìà ðîæäåíèÿ............................................. 724
Òðàäèöèîííîå îáùåñòâî.................................... 724Òðàäèöèÿ........................................................ 724Òðàíñãðåññèÿ ................................................... 726Òðàíñôåð ........................................................726Òðàíñôîðìàöèîííûå ïðîöåññû â îáùåñòâå ...........726Òðàíñöåíäåíòàëèè............................................727Òðàíñöåíäåíòàëüíîå åäèíñòâî àïïåðöåïöèè.......... 727Òðàíñöåíäåíòíîå è òðàíñöåíäåíòàëüíîå............... 728Òðàíñöåíäåíöèÿ............................................... 728Òðåëü÷............................................................ 728Òðèíèòàðèçì ................................................... 729Òðîèöà ...........................................................729Òðîöêèé ......................................................... 730Òðóáåöêîé Å.Í................................................731Òðóáåöêîé Ñ.Í................................................ 732Òóãàí-Áàðàíîâñêèé........................................... 732Òóëìèí........................................................... 733Òóðåí ............................................................. 734Òûëêîâñêèé .................................................... 735Òþðãî............................................................. 735Óàéò .............................................................. 736Óàéòõåä.......................................................... 736Óçíàäçå .......................................................... 738Óèëüÿì Îêêàì................................................ 738Óìîçàêëþ÷åíèå................................................739Óíàìóíî......................................................... 739Óíèâåðñàëèè ................................................... 741Óîðä .............................................................. 742Óïàíèøàäû..................................................... 743Óñòàíîâêà ñîöèàëüíàÿ...................................... 743Óòîïèÿ........................................................... 743Óõòîìñêèé...................................................... 744Ó÷èòåëÿ öåðêâè............................................... 744Ôàêò.............................................................. 745Ôàëåñ............................................................. 745Ôàëüêîâñêèé................................................... 745Ôàëüñèôèêàöèÿ............................................... 745Ôàòàëèçì .......................................................745Ôàøèçì.......................................................... 745Ôåäîðîâ.......................................................... 746Ôåäîòîâ.......................................................... 747Ôåéåðàáåíä ..................................................... 747Ôåéåðáàõ........................................................ 748Ôåìèíèçì....................................................... 749Ôåíîìåíîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñîöèîëîãèÿ........................ 750Ôåíîìåíîëîãè÷åñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèç...................... 751Ôåíîìåíîëîãèÿ................................................ 751Ôåðåíöè ......................................................... 753Ôåððàðîòòè..................................................... 754Ôèêñàöèÿ ....................................................... 754Ôèëèîêâå ....................................................... 755Ôèëèïîâè÷ ..................................................... 755Ôèëèÿ............................................................ 755Ôèëîñîôèÿ ..................................................... 756Ôèëîñîôèÿ Áåëàðóñè........................................ 758Ôèëîñîôèÿ âîçðîæäåíèÿ................................... 763Ôèëîñîôèÿ æèçíè............................................ 763Ôèëîñîôèÿ èñòîðèè ......................................... 764Ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðîñâåùåíèÿ................................... 765Ôèëîñîôèÿ òåõíèêè......................................... 765
Ôèëîñîôñêèå îñíîâàíèÿ íàóêè .......................... 767Ôèõòå ............................................................ 767Ôèøåð ........................................................... 769Ôëîðåíñêèé .................................................... 769Ôëîðåíòèéñêèé ïëàòîíèçì................................ 771Ôëîðîâñêèé .................................................... 772Ôîìà Àêâèíñêèé ............................................. 772Ôîðìà............................................................ 772Ôîðìàëèçàöèÿ................................................. 772Ôîðìàëüíàÿ øêîëà â ñîöèîëîãèè....................... 773Ôðàíê............................................................ 773Ôðàíêë .......................................................... 775Ôðàíêôóðòñêàÿ øêîëà ..................................... 775Ôðàíöèñê Àññèçñêèé ........................................ 777Ôðåãå .............................................................777Ôðåéä À......................................................... 778Ôðåéä 3.......................................................... 778Ôðèäìàí......................................................... 779Ôðèäìåí......................................................... 780Ôðîìì............................................................ 780Ôðîìì-Ðåéõìàí............................................... 781Ôðýçåð............................................................ 781Ôóêî.............................................................. 782Ôóíêöèÿ ........................................................ 783Ôóòóðèçì........................................................783Ôóòóðîëîãèÿ ................................................... 783Õàáåðìàñ ........................................................ 785Õàéàì............................................................ 786Õàéäåããåð .......................................................789Õàéåê.............................................................790Õàðèçìà ......................................................... 790Õâîñòîâ..........................................................791Õåéçèíãà ........................................................792Õèëèàçì......................................................... 792Õèíòèêêà ....................................................... 792Õîëèçì...........................................................793Õîëîäíûé....................................................... 793Õîìàíñ........................................................... 794Õîìñêèé......................................................... 794Õîìÿêîâ......................................................... 795Õîðêõàéìåð ....................................................795Õîðíè ............................................................ 796Õðèñòèàíñòâî.................................................. 796Õðèñòîñ.......................................................... 797Öåííîñòíûå îðèåíòàöèè....................................798Öåííîñòü ........................................................ 798Öåðêîâü..........................................................799Öèâèëèçàöèÿ .................................................. 799Öèâèëèçàöèÿ ðèñêà..........................................799Öèîëêîâñêèé...................................................800Öèöåðîí .........................................................801Öÿïèíñêèé ..................................................... 801×ààäàåâ ..........................................................802×àõîâèö .........................................................802×åëîâåê..........................................................802×åëïàíîâ........................................................804×åðíûøåâñêèé.................................................804×èæåâñêèé......................................................805×è÷åðèí..........................................................806×òåíèå ...........................................................807
×óäî ..............................................................809Øàäóðñêèé .....................................................810Øàìáàëà........................................................810Øàíêàðà ........................................................810Øàðêî............................................................810Øâåéöåð.........................................................811Øåëåð............................................................811Øåëëèíã ........................................................812Øåðòîê ..........................................................814Øåñòîâ...........................................................814Øèçîàíàëèç....................................................815Øèëëåð..........................................................818Øëåãåëü.........................................................819Øëåéåðìàõåð ..................................................820Øëèê.............................................................821Øìèòò ...........................................................821Øîâèíèçì.......................................................822Øîïåíãàóýð.....................................................823Øïåíãëåð .......................................................824Øïåò .............................................................825Øòåéíòàëü .....................................................826Øòèðíåð.........................................................826Øóòö .............................................................826Øþö..............................................................827Ùåäðîâèöêèé..................................................828Ýâäåìîíèçì.....................................................829Ýâîëþöèîíèçì.................................................829Ýâòàíàçèÿ.......................................................829Ýâîëþöèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ ......................................830Ýãî-ïðîöåññ .....................................................830Ýãîèçì............................................................830Ýäèïîâ êîìïëåêñ..............................................830"Ýäèïîâ ýôôåêò" ..............................................831Ýéäîñ.............................................................831Ýêçåãåòèêà......................................................832Ýêçèñòåíöèàëèçì .............................................833Ýêçèñòåíöèàëüíûé àíàëèç.................................835Ýêçèñòåíöèàëüíûé ïñèõîàíàëèç.........................835Ýêçèñòåíöèÿ....................................................835Ýêî................................................................835"Ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé ïåññèìèçì"...............................836Ýêîëîãèÿ ........................................................836Ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ñîöèîëîãèÿ................................837Ýêñïåðèìåíò....................................................838Ýêñïåðòîêðàòèÿ ...............................................838Ýêñïëèêàöèÿ...................................................838Ýêñòàç............................................................839Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ................................................839Ýêñòðåìàëüíàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ...................................839Ýêõàðò ........................................................... 840Ýëåìåíòû........................................................840Ýëèàäå............................................................840Ýëèòû òåîðèè..................................................842Ýëëþëü...........................................................843Ýìàíàöèÿ........................................................843Ýìïåäîêë........................................................844Ýìïèðèçì........................................................845Ýìïèðè÷åñêîå è Òåîðåòè÷åñêîå ...........................845Ýíãåëüñ...........................................................846Ýíòåëåõèÿ.......................................................846
Ýíòðîïèÿ........................................................846Ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ .................................................846Ýîí ................................................................847Ýïèêóð ........................................................... 847Ýïèñòåìîëîãèÿ.................................................847Ýðàçì Ðîòòåðäàìñêèé.......................................848Ýðèêñîí..........................................................848Ýðí ................................................................849Ýðîñ ...............................................................850Ýñòåòèêà.........................................................850Ýñõàòîëîãèÿ....................................................852Ýòèêà.............................................................853Ýòíîìåòîäîëîãèÿ..............................................854Ýòíîñ .............................................................856Ýòíîöåíòðèçì..................................................856Ýòîñ...............................................................857Ýôèð ..............................................................857Þì ................................................................858Þíã...............................................................859Þíãåð ............................................................859Þðêåâè÷.........................................................860Þñòèí............................................................860ß...................................................................862ßçûê..............................................................863ßçûê èñêóññòâà ...............................................868ßçûêîâûå èãðû................................................869ßçû÷åñòâî.......................................................870ßêîâåíêî........................................................872ßí è Èíü........................................................872ßñèíñêèé........................................................873ßñïåðñ............................................................873
Àâòîðû ñòàòåé
ÀÁÓØÅÍÊÎ Â.Ë. Àêñèîëîãèÿ, Àêñèîìàòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä, Àê-ñèîìåòðèÿ, Àëèçàðîâñêèé, Áàêðàäçå, ÁàêóíèíÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÐÎÂÀ Ñ.Í. Àäîðíî.ÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÐÎÂÈ× Í.Â. Äàðåíäîðô, Ñîðîêèí.ÀËÅÊÑÅÅÂÀ Å.À. Äåêàðò.ÀÍÄÐÅÅÂÀ È.Í. Êàóòñêèé, Êðîïîòêèí, Ëîêê, Îáùåñòâåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ, Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ðîëü.ÁÀÁÀÉÖÅ À.Þ. Ãíîñåîëîãèÿ, Èñêóññòâåííîå è Åñòåñòâåííîå, Êîììóíèêàöèÿ, Êîíôèãóðèðîâàíèå, ÌàìàðÁÀÁÎÑΠÅ.Ì. Àðîí, Áåëë, Èíäóñòðèàëüíîå îáùåñòâî, Ìåãàìàøèíà, Ìýìôîðä, Ïðîãðàììèðîâàííîå îáùåñÁÀÊÀÍΠÀ.À. Áåíòàì, Ãýëáðåéò, Ìàëüòóñ, Ñìèò, Òþð-ãî, Õàéåê.ÁÀÊÀÍÎÂÀ Ì.Ã. Âåáëåí, Ãýëáðåéò.ÁÀÐÀÍΠÍ.Ï. Ýêñòðåìàëüíàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ.ÁÀÐÀÍ×ÈÊ Þ.Â. Âåðèôèêàöèÿ, Âèòãåíøòåéí, Ãèéîì, Ëàêàòîñ, Ïîçèòèâèçì, Òàðñêèé, Ôàëüñèôèêàöèÿ, ÔîÁÀÐÊÎÂÑÊÀß À.Â. Áèîñôåðà, Ìàòåðèÿ, Ìåòàôèçèêà, Íîîñôåðà, Ïðèðîäà, Ýêîëîãèÿ.ÁÅÇÍÞÊ Ä.Ê.Àêñàêîâ È.Ñ., Àêñàêîâ Ê.Ñ., Çàïàäíè÷åñòâî, Çåíüêîâñêèé, Êèðååâñêèé, Ëåîíòüåâ Ê.Í., ÁÅÊÓ Ñ Í.Ý. Ðîçàíîâ.ÁÅËßÅ Ã.Â. Àëãîðèòì, Àíòèíîìèÿ, Àòîìèñòèêà, Áåñêîíå÷íîå, Áåñêîíå÷íîå ëîãè÷åñêîå, ÌàòåðèàëüíîåÁÅÐÊΠÂ.Ô. Äàâèä Àíàõò, Äåäóêöèÿ, Äîêàçàòåëüñòâî, Èíäóêöèÿ, Êàòåãîðèÿ, Ëîãèêà, Ïîíÿòèå, ÏðîáëÁÎÁÊÎÂÀ À.Í. Ðåêëàìà.ÁÎÁÐÎÂÈ× Â.È. Êîíñåðâàòèçì, Øìèòò.ÁÎÄßÊÎ Â.À. Ëîññêèé Â.Í.ÁÎÍÍÅÐ Å.Ã. Ñàõàðîâ.ÁÓËÛÍÊÎ Ä.Ì. Àóòâåéò, Áóðäüå, Áõàñêàð, âàí Äåéê, Êëàññ, Ëîòìàí, Ëóìàí, Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå, Ìîñêîâè÷ÁÛÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ À.Í. Ðîçàíîâ.
ÂÀÍ×ÓÊÅÂÈ× À.Â. Àïîñòåðèîðè, Ñîçåðöàíèå, Ôðàíêë.ÂÀÑÈËÅÂÈ× Ã.À. Ïðàâî.ÂÀÑÈÍ À.Â. Íåîòîìèçì, Ïðîòåñòàíòèçì, Òîìèçì.ÂÀØÊÅÂÈ× À.Â. Áàðò, Äèîãåí Ëàýðòèé, Äèîãåí Ñèíîï-ñêèé, Øèçîàíàëèç.ÂÎÐÎÁÜÅÂÀ Ñ.Â. Àáñîëþòèçàöèÿ, Àáñòðàêòíîå è êîíêðåòíîå, Àêòóàëèçàöèÿ, Àíàëèç è Ñèíòåç, ÀíàëîãèÂßÇÎÂÊÈÍ B.C. Àíòðîïíûé ïðèíöèï, Êîýâîëþöèÿ.ÃÎÐÍÛÕ À.À. Âëàñòü, Äåêîíñòðóêöèÿ, Äåððèäà, Êîííîòàöèÿ, Êóëüòóðîëîãèÿ, Ëàêàí, Ëåâè-Ñòðîññ, ÑîñÃÐÈÖÀÍΠÀ.À. Àáñîëþòíîå è Îòíîñèòåëüíîå, Àáñòðàêöèÿ, Àáñóðä, Àáóëèÿ, Àâòîðõàíîâ, Àãàïå, ÀäåêâÀâðåëèé Àíòîíèí, Ìàðêñ, Ìàðêñèçì, Ìàðêñèçì � ëåíèíèçì, Ìàðêóçå, Ìàòåðèàëèçì, Ìåðà, ÌåðåæêîâñêèÃÐÈØÈÍÀ Í.Â.Êîçåð, Êîíôëèêò, Êîíôëèêòîëîãèÿ.ÄÀÂÈÄÞÊ Ã.Ï. Ãóìïëîâè÷, Äþðêãåéì, Êîíò, Ïàðåòî, Ôåððàðîòòè, Øþö.ÄÀÍÈËΠÀ.Í.Òðàíñôîðìàöèîííûå ïðîöåññû â îáùåñòâå.ÄÈÑÜÊÎ Ì.Ð. Äèëåììà, Çåíîí Ýëåéñêèé, Êîííîòàöèÿ.ÄÎÆÄÈÊÎÂÀ Ð.Í. Áàçèñ è Íàäñòðîéêà, Äîãìàòèçì, Ðåâèçèîíèçì.ÄÎÐÎØÅÂÈ× Ý.Ê. Àëèçàðîâñêèé, Áåéëü, Áåëàáëîöêèé, Áîãóø, Áîõâèö, Áóäíûé Á., Áóäíûé Ñ., Âàëîâè÷,ÄÓÄÈÍÑÊÈÉ Ë.Ñ. Äèêòàòóðà ïðîëåòàðèàòà, Ïëþðàëèçì.ÅÐÌÎËÎÂÈ× Ä.Â. Âóíäò, Ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ, Ìàñëîó, Ðîäæåðñ, Òåñò.ÅÊÀÄÓÌΠÀ.È. Òîëêèí.ÆÁÀÍÊΠÌ.Ð. Èãðà, Êàòåãîðèè êóëüòóðû, Êîíòðêóëüòóðà, Ìàññîâàÿ êóëüòóðà, Ìàññîâîå ñîçíàíèå, ÌèÆÁÀÍÊÎÂÀ È.È. Ìèðîâîççðåíèå.ÆÄÀÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ À.Ï. Ñâîáîäà âîëè.ÆÓÊ È.Â. "Âå÷íîå âîçâðàùåíèå", Âîëÿ ê âëàñòè, Ãåëü-äåðëèí.ÈÃÍÀÒÜÅÂÀ È.Ê. Àëëåãîðèÿ, Ìåòàôîðà, Íîâàëèñ.ÈÇÎÕ Â.Ã. Îáùåñòâî.ÊÀÐÀÊÎ Ï.Ñ. Àäàïòàöèÿ, Âåðíàäñêèé, Âèòàëèçì, Åñòåñòâîçíàíèå, Æèçíü, Õîëîäíûé, ×èæåâñêèé.ÊÀÐÀ×ÓÍ À.Þ. Ñòèëü õóäîæåñòâåííûé.ÊÀÖÓÊ Í.Ë. Ãåññå.ÊÅ×ÈÍÀ Å.À. Äåìîãðàôè÷åñêèé âçðûâ, Äåìîãðàôèÿ, Åâãåíèêà, Ðàñîâî-àíòðîïîëîãè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà, ÑîöèîÊÍßÇÅÂÀ Å.Ì. Êðèñòåâà.ÊÎÐÎÑÒÅËÅÂÀ Å.À. Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ãðóïïà, Ñîöèàëüíàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ, Ñîöèàëüíûé èíñòèòóò.ÊÎÐØÓÍΠÞ.À. Àêòóàëèçàöèÿ.ÊÐÀÑÀÂÖÅÂÀ È.Í. Îáùåíèå, Ñóáêóëüòóðà, ×òåíèå.ÊÐÈÂÈÖÊÈÉ Ë.Â. Ìàðèòåí, Ìàðñåëü, Ìåäèòàöèÿ, Øîïåíãàóýð, Øòèðíåð.ÊÐÓÒ ËΠÀ.À. Àâãóñòèí Áëàæåííûé, Àâåððîèçì, Àíèìèçì, Àòåèçì, Ãàëèëåé, Ãðåöèè, Äåìèóðã, ÄæàéíèÊÓÄÐßÂÖÅÂÀ Â.È. Àñòðîëîãèÿ.ÊÓÇÍÅÖÎÂÀ Ë.Ô. Íàó÷íàÿ êàðòèíà ìèðà.ÊÓÊÐÀÊ Î.Í. Èñêóññòâî, Ýñòåòèêà.ÊÓ×ÈÍÑÊÈÉ Ã.Ì. Èçìåíåííîå ñîçíàíèå, Èíòåëëåêò, Ïèàæå.ÊÓ×ÊÎ Å.Å. Èííîâàöèîííûå ñîöèàëüíûå òåõíîëîãèè, Èííîâàöèîííûé ïðîöåññ, Íîâîââåäåíèå.ËÀÂÐÓÕÈÍ À.À. Áåëûé À.ËÀÏÈÍÀ Ñ.Â. Ôðàíêôóðòñêàÿ øêîëà.ËÀÏÒÅÍÎÊ Ñ.Ä. Áðàê, Ìîðàëü, Ñåìüÿ.ËÅÂÀÍÞÊ À.Í. Êàóçàëüíîñòü, Ñóáñòàíöèÿ.ËÅÃ×ÈËÈÍ À.À. Øëåéåðìàõåð.ËÅÎÍΠÍ.Í. Âåðîÿòíîñòü, Ñòðóêòóðà, Ôóíêöèÿ.ËÅÍÈÍ Ñ.Ë. Áîãîñëîâèå ïðàâîñëàâíîå, Èñèõàçì, Êâèåòèçì, Íåîòîìèçì, Ïèåòèçì, Ïðàâîñëàâèå, ÒîìèçìËÈÌÀÐÅÍÊÎ À.Ï. Ìèëëü, Ñïåíñåð, Òîêâèëü, Ôîðìàëüíàÿ øêîëà â ñîöèîëîãèè.ËÎÁÀ× Â.Â. Àáñîëþò, Àãíè Éîãà, Áåìå, Áëàâàòñêàÿ, Áóääèçì, Áõàãàâàä-ãèòà, Âåäû, Âèâåêàíàíäà, ÄõËÎÉÊÎ À.È. Äåîíòîëîãèÿ, Äåÿòåëüíîñòü, Äîëã, Èäåàë, Èäåàëèçèðîâàííûé îáúåêò, Èäåàëüíîå, ÌàòåìàòËÎÉÊÎ Ë.Å. Åâðîïîöåíòðèçì.ÌÀÇÀÍÈÊ Ì.Í. Çîìáàðò, Êóëè, Ëåáîí, Ïðîãíîç, Ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå, Ïñèõîàíàëèç, Òàðä, Ôðîìì, ÔóòóðîëÌÀÉÁÎÐÎÄÀ Ä.Â. Àãíîñòèöèçì, Àëüòðóèçì, Áûòèå, Ãåäîíèçì, Ãåðìåíåâòèêà, Äèàëîã, Äèàëîãèçì, ÄðóãîÌÀÖÊÅÂÈ× Â.Â. Àíòðîïîòåõíèêà, Èäåàëüíûõ òèïîâ ìåòîä, Ìûñëåäåÿòåëüíîñòü, Ìûøëåíèå, Ïîäõîä, ÏðàêÌÅÄÂÅÄÅÂÀ È.À. Âóëüãàðíûé ìàòåðèàëèçì, Ãîìåîñòàç, Äåòåðìèíèçì, Êàìþ, Îïûò, Ïðè÷èíà è ÑëåäñòâèåÌÅÇßÍÀß Ê.Í. Ïðèãîæèé, Ñèíåðãåòèêà.ÌÅÐÖÀËÎÂÀ À.È. Äåêàáðèñòû, Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ, Íîñòàëüãèÿ, ßí è Èíü.ÌÈÍÅÍÊΠÃ.ß. Áóëãàêîâ, Âñååäèíñòâî, Ãåðîåâ è òîëïû òåîðèÿ, Äàíèëåâñêèé, Êàðñàâèí, ÊóëüòóðîëîãÌÎÆÅÉÊÎ Ì.À. Àâåðèíöåâ, Àâòîêîììóíèêàöèÿ, Àäæîð-íàìåíòî, Àíàêñàãîð, Àíàíêå, Àíòè÷íàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿÌÎÐÎÇΠÈ.Ì. Èíòóèöèÿ.ÍÀËÈÂÀÉÊÎ È.Ì. Ðîìàíòèçì, Øëåãåëü.
ÍÅÑÒÅÐÎÂÈ× È.À. Áîíàâåíòóðà, Èîàíí Ñêîò Ýðèóãåíà, Ñóàðåñ.ÎÂ×ÀÐÅÍÊÎ Â.È. Àâòîðèòàðíàÿ ëè÷íîñòü, Àâòîðèòàðíàÿ ðåëèãèÿ, Àâòîðõàíîâ, Àëåêñàíäåð Ô., ÀìáèâàëÎÂ×ÀÐÅÍÊÎ È.È. Îäèíî÷åñòâî, Ïñèõîëîãèÿ.ÏÀÂËÎÂÀ À.Ò. Áèîýòèêà.ÏÅÒÓØÊÎÂÀ Å.Â. Àâåíàðèóñ, Àíòðîïîëîãèçì, Àòìàí, Áåññìåðòèå, Âàí ×óí, Âàðòîôñêèé, Ãåêêåëü, ÃåëåÏÎÄÐÓ×ÍÛÉ Ì.Â. Ëåéáíèö.ÏÎËÈÊÀÐÏΠÂ.À. Àïïåðöåïöèÿ, Èíòðîñïåêöèÿ, Ðóáèíøòåéí.ÏÎÏÅËÜÑÊÀß Å.Î. Ñàíòàÿíà.ÏÐÈËÅÏÊÎ Å.Ì. Áåðíøòåéí, Áîãäàíîâ, Ñåí-Ñèìîí, Ñîöèàëüíîå ðàâåíñòâî, Òóãàí-Áàðàíîâñêèé.ÐÀÄÈÎÍÎÂÀ Ñ.À. Áåðãåð, Âåáåð À., Ëåãèòèìíîñòü, Ëîò-ìàí, Ëóêìàí, Ìîäåëü, Ìîòèâàöèÿ, ÎòêëîíÿþùååÐÀÄÊÅÂÈ× Í.Â. Êîãíèòèâíûé äèññîíàíñ.ÐÅÒÓÍÑÊÈÉ Â.Í. Ìîíèçì, Ïîñòóëàò.ÐÓÌßÍÖÅÂÀ Ò.Ã. Àáñîëþòíàÿ èäåÿ, Àãðåññèÿ, Àíàêñè-ìàíäð, Àíàêñèìåí, Àíòèíîìèè ÷èñòîãî ðàçóìà, ÀÐÛÁÀÊΠÀ.À. Êàòîëè÷åñòâî.ÑÀÂÅËÎÂÀ Ñ.Á. Âîñïèòàíèå, Îáðàçîâàíèå, Ïåäàãîãèêà, Ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå, Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå, ÑàìîîïðåäÑÀÌÓÙÈÊ Ò.Â. Àòðèáóò, Âíèìàíèå, Âîñïðèÿòèå, Âñåîáùàÿ ñâÿçü ÿâëåíèé, Çàêîí, Îùóùåíèå, Ñå÷åíîâ.ÑÀÐÍÀ À.ß. Áàòàé, Áëàíøî, Áîäðèéÿð, Êëîññîâñêè, Ëèî-òàð, Òðàíñãðåññèÿ, ×ààäàåâ.ÑÅÂÎÑÒÜßÍÎÂÀ Í.Ã. Äîáðî è Çëî, Èíäèâèäóàëèçì, Îáùå÷åëîâå÷åñêèå öåííîñòè, Ýãîèçì, Ýòèêà.ÑÅÌÅÍÊΠÎ.È. Èíôîðìàöèÿ.ÑÅÌÅÍΠÍ.Ñ. Ñðåäíåâåêîâàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ.ÑÅÌÅÍÎÂÀ Â.Í. Äåñòðóêöèÿ, das Man, Õàéäåããåð.ÑÎÊÎËÎÂÀ Ã.Í. Ñîöèîëîãèÿ, Ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ñîöèîëîãèÿ.ÑÎËÎÄÎÂÍÈÊΠÑ.Þ. Àâàòàðà, Àâòàðêèÿ, Àâòîêðàòèÿ, Àâòîìàòèçì, Àâòîíîìèÿ, Àâòîðèòåò, Àãðåãàò, ÀäÑÎÔÐÎÍΠÂ.Â. Ðèêåð.ÑÒÅÏÈÍ B.C. Êóëüòóðà, Íàóêà, Ôèëîñîôèÿ.ÒÀÐÀÑΠB.C. Ãîñóäàðñòâî, Ëèáåðàëèçì, Ïîëèòèêà.ÒÀÐÀÑÎÂÀ Ò.Í. Êóëüòóðíî-èñòîðè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà, Ìèôîëîãè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà.ÒÅÐÅØÊÎÂÈ× Ï.Â. Àíòðîïîëîãèÿ, Àíòðîïîëîãèÿ êóëüòóðíàÿ, Áîàñ, Ãëàêìàí, Äèôôóçèîíèçì, Ëåâè-ÁðþëüÒÅÐÅÙÅÍÊÎ Î.Â. Èçìåðåíèå.ÒÓÇÎÂÀ Ò.Ì.Äåêàðò, Ìåðëî-Ïîíòè, Ñàðòð, Ýêçèñòåíöèàëèçì.ÓÃÐÈÍÎÂÈ× Å.À. Ãèääåíñ, Èíôîðìàöèîííîå îáùåñòâî, Îáùåñòâåííîå ìíåíèå, Ïàðñîíñ, Ñîöèàëüíàÿ èåðàÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ À.Ð. Àíñåëüì Êåíòåðáåðèéñêèé, Âîçðîæäåíèå, Äèñêóðñ, Äèñêóðñèâíûé, Ìàðãèíàëüíîñòü, ÌîäÔÈËÈÏÏÎÂÈ× À.Â. Àëüòþññåð, Àíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ, Áåíüÿìèí, Âåíñêèé êðóæîê, Ãóññåðëü, Äåëåç,ÔÓÐÑ Â.Í. Àðõåòèï, Áëîê, Áóääà, Âåáåð Ì., Ãóìèëåâ, Èäåàëüíûé òèï, Èíäèéñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ, ÈñòîðèÿÕÀÐÈÍ Ñ.Ñ. Ãåøòàëüò-ïñèõîëîãèÿ, Ãåøòàëüò-òåðàïèÿ.ÕÎÌÈ× Å.Â. Êóí, Ïàðàäèãìà, Ïîçíàíèå, Ñóáúåêò è Îáúåêò, Ôèëîñîôñêèå îñíîâàíèÿ íàóêè, ×åëîâåê.×ÅÑÍÎÊÎÂÀ Ã.È. Èíòåðíàöèîíàëèçì.ØÈËÎ Í.Þ. Ìèä Ì., Ìîññ.ØÊËßÐÅÂÑÊÈÉ À.È. Êàïïàäîêèéñêàÿ øêîëà.ØÏÀÐÀÃÀ Î.Í. Âàëüäåíôåëüñ, Íîýçèñ è Ïîýìà, Ôåíîìåíîëîãèÿ.ØÓÁÀÐÎ Î.Â. Êîñìèçì ðóññêèé, Ôåäîðîâ.ØÓÌÀÍ À.Í. Àãíîñòèöèçì, Àðèñòîòåëü, Àñêåòèçì, Áèáëèÿ, Áîýöèé, Âîëüòåð, Âðîæäåííûå èäåè, ÃåðáàðÙÈÒÖÎÂÀ Ò.Â. Áàõòèí, Ãàäàìåð, Êüåðêåãîð, Ïàñêàëü, Øåñòîâ.ÞÐÊÎ À.Á. Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ñòàòèñòèêà, Ôðèäìåí.ßÍ×ÓÊ Å.È. Àëõèìèÿ, Òåíäåð, Íåíàñèëèÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ è ýòèêà, Ñìåõ, Ôåìèíèçì, Õîëèçì, Ýâòàíàçèÿ.ßÑÊÅÂÈ× ß.Ñ. Àðãóìåíòàöèÿ, Îáîñíîâàíèå, Îïðàâäàíèå, Îïðîâåðæåíèå, Ïîäòâåðæäåíèå.
Êîãäà ñëîâà óòðà÷èâàþò ñâîå çíà÷åíèå, íàðîä óòðà÷èâàåò ñâîþ ñâîáîäóÊîíôóöèé, âåðñèÿ ïåðåâîäà À. ôîí Õàéåêà
Ïðåäèñëîâèå
Ñëîâàðü íàçâàí "íîâåéøèì" íå òîëüêî â ñâÿçè ñ îòðàæåíèåì â åãî ñîäåðæàíèè ñîâðåìåííûõ òåíä Ñëîâàðü âûïîëíåí àâòîðñêèì êîëëåêòèâîì, ïðåäñòàâëåííûé òðåìÿ ïîêîëåíèÿìè ìèíñêîé ôèëîñîôñê Íàó÷íûå ðåäàêòîðû "Íîâåéøåãî ôèëîñîôñêîãî ñëîâàðÿ" âûðàæàþò ñâîþ áëàãîäàðíîñòü ðåäàêòîðàì
Íàó÷íûå ðåäàêòîðû èñêðåííå áëàãîäàðÿò çà ïîìîùü â ïîäãîòîâêå ñëîâàðÿ: Èíôîðìàöèîííûé öåíòðÁëàãîäàðèì çà ïîíèìàíèå è äîëãîòåðïåíèå Êèðèëëà Àáóøåíêî, Îëåãà Ãðèöàíîâà, Âàäèìà Ìîæåéêî. Êîíñòðóêòèâíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî ñîäåðæàíèþ "Íîâåéøåãî ôèëîñîôñêîãî ñëîâàðÿ" æäåì ïî àäðåñó:
Ãðèöàíîâ À. À., Àáóøåíêî Â.Ë., Ìîæåéêî Ì.À., Ðóìÿíöåâà Ò.Ã., Ìåðöàëîâà À.È.
Àáåëÿð Ïüåð � ñì. ÏÅÒÐ ÀÁÅËßÐ
ÀÁÑÎËÞÒ (ëàò. absolutus � áåçóñëîâíûé, íåîãðàíè÷åííûé, áåçîòíîñèòåëüíûé, ñîâåðøåííûé) � âåÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÀÁÑÎËÞÒÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. absolutus � áåçóñëîâíûé) � àáñòðàêöèÿ íàèáîëåå âûñîêîãî ïîðÿäêà, ðåçóëÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÀÁÑÎËÞÒÍÀß ÈÄÅß � îñíîâîïîëàãàþùåå ïîíÿòèå ãåãåëåâñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, âûðàæàþùåå áåçóñëîâíóþ ïÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÀÁÑÎËÞÒÍÎÅ È ÎÒÍÎÑÈÒÅËÜÍÎÅ (ëàò. absolutus � îòäåëåííîå, îòïóùåííîå è ëàò. relativus � îòíè, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, èçìåí÷èâîå; îáóñëîâëèâàåìîå ñèñòåìîé îòñ÷åòà è îöåíîê, à ïîòîìó íåñîâåðøåííîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÁÑÒÐÀÊÒÍÎÅ è ÊÎÍÊÐÅÒÍÎÅ� ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, îáîçíà÷àþùèå ñòóïåíè ïîçíàíèÿ äåéñòâèòåëüÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÀÁÑÒÐÀÊÖÈß (ëàò. abstractio � îòâëå÷åíèå, óäàëåíèå � ââåäåíî Áîýöèåì êàê ïåðåâîä ãðå÷åñêîãÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÁÑÓÐÄ (ëàò. ad absurdum � èñõîäÿùèé îò ãëóõîãî) � òåðìèí èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé òðàäèöèè, îáîçíàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÁÓËÈß (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà, bule � âîëÿ) � ñîâîêóïíîñòü îïðåäåëåííûõ ïàòîëîãè÷À. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÂÀÒÀÐÀ (ñàíñêð.) � â ìèôîëîãèè èíäóèçìà ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ ôåíîìåííå ëèøàÿñü â ïîëíîì îáúåìå ñîáñòâåííîé áîæåñòâåííîé ïðèðîäû, îäíîâðåìåííî ôðàãìåíòàðíî ïðèîáðåÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÂÃÓÑÒÈÍ ÁËÀÆÅÍÍÛÉ (Augustinus Sanctus) (354-430) Àâðåëèé � õðèñòèàíñêèé òåîëîã è ôèëîñîô,À .À. Êðóãëîå
ÀÂÅÍÀÐÈÓÑ (Avenarius) Ðèõàðä (1843-1896) � øâåéöàðñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ýìïèðèÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÀÂÅÐÈÍÖÅ Ñåðãåé Ñåðãååâè÷ (ð. 1937) � ðîññèéñêèé êóëüòóðîëîã, ôèëîñîô, ëèòåðàòóðîâåä. ÄîêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÀÂÅÐÐÎÈÇÌ � íàïðàâëåíèå â çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêîé ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ôèëîñîôèè, îñíîâó êîòîðîãî ñîñòÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÀÂÅÐÐÎÝÑ � ñì. ÈÅÍ ÐÓØÄ
ÀÂÈÖÅÍÍÀ � ñì. ÈÁÍ ÑÈÍÀ ÀÂÒÀÐÊÈß (ãðå÷. autarkeia � ñàìîóäîâëåòâîðåíèå) � íåçàâèñèìîñòü îò âñåõ âåùåé âíåøíåãî ìèðÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÂÒÎÊÎÌÌÓÍÈÊÀÖÈß � òèï èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ïðîöåññà â êóëüòóðå, îðãàíèçîâàííûé êàê òàêàÿ ïåðåäÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÀÂÒÎÊÐÀÒÈß � (ãðå÷. autos � ñàì è cratos � âëàñòü) ôîðìà ãîñóäàðñòâà, ãäå âûñøàÿ ãîñóäàðñòÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÂÒÎÌÀÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. automaton � ñàìîäâèæóùååñÿ) � äåéñòâèÿ, ñîâåðøàåìûå áåç ó÷àñòèÿ ñîçíàíèÿÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÂÒÎÍÎÌÈß (ãðå÷. autos � ñàì è nomos � çàêîí) � íàëè÷èå ó îáúåêòà èëè ÿâëåíèÿ èììàíåíòíûõ Ñ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÂÒÎÐÈÒÀÐÍÀß ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. auctoritas � âëàñòü, âëèÿíèå) � ïîíÿòèå è êîíöåïöèÿ Ôðîììà, ôèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÀÂÒÎÐÈÒÀÐÍÀß ÐÅËÈÃÈß (ëàò. auctoritas � âëàñòü, âëèÿíèå) � ïî Ôðîììó, îäèí èç òèïîâ òåèñòèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÀÂÒÎÐÈÒÅÒ (ëàò. auctoritas � âëàñòü, âëèÿíèå) � çíà÷èìîñòü, êîòîðîé îáëàäàþò ëþäè è ïðåäìåÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÂÒÎÐÕÀÍΠÀáäóðàõìàí (1908-1997) � âàéíàõñêèé ó÷åíûé, áûâøèé ñîòðóäíèê ÖÊ ÂÊÏ (á), ýìèãðèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÀÃÀÏÅ (ãðå÷. agape � ëþáîâü ê áëèæíåìó; ëàò. � caritas) � ïîíÿòèå, êîòîðûì â äîõðèñòèàíÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÃÍÈ ÉÎÃÀ èëè Æèâàÿ Ýòèêà, Ó÷åíèå Æèçíè � ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, ïðåòåíäóþùåå íà ñÂ.Â. Ëîáàí
ÀÃÍÎÑÒÈÖÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàíèå, gnosis � çíàíèå) � ôèëîñîôñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà, À.Í. Øóìàí
ÀÃÐÅÃÀÒ (ëàò. aggregate � ñîáðàòü â ñòàäî) � ïîíÿòèå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñêîïëåíèÿ, íåñèñòåìíîÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÃÐÅÑÑÈß(ëàò. aggredio � íàïàäàòü) � â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ýòî ïîíÿòèå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ îáîçíàÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÀÄÀÏÒÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. adaptatio � ïðèñïîñîáëåíèå, ïðèëàæèâàíèå) � òåðìèí ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî èñïÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî
ÀÄÂÀÉÒÀ (ñàíñêð. � áåç âòîðîãî) � ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ñîñòîÿíèå îòñóòñòâèÿ äâîéñòâåííîñòÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÄÄÈÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. addere � äîáàâëÿòü) � ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ íå÷òî Ñ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÄÅÊÂÀÒÍÛÉ (ëàò. adaequatus � ïðèðàâíåííûé) � ñîðàçìåðíûé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé, ñîãëàñóþùèéñÿ,À. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÄÆÎÐÍÀÌÅÍÒÎ(èòàëüÿí. aggiornamento � îáíîâëåíèå) � òåíäåíöèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ñîâðåìåííîãî íåîòîìÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÀÄÈÀÔÎÐÀ (ãðå÷. adiaphora � áåçðàçëè÷íîå, ìàëîçíà÷èòåëüíîå) � òåðìèí äëÿ ôèêñàöèè èíäèôôåðÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÄËÅÐ Àëüôðåä (1870-1937) � àâñòðèéñêèé âðà÷, ïñèõîëîã è ïñèõèàòð. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèíû, ïðîôåñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÄÎÐÀÒÑÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Âèêòîðîâè÷ (1878-1945) � ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è èñòîðèê ìàðêñèñòñêîé îðèåíòðèöàíèÿ, à òåì ñàìûì � äëÿ óíè÷òîæåíèÿ èäåîëîãè÷íîñòè â ìûøëåíèè âîîáùå. Ìåòîä äèàëåêòè÷åñêîãîÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÄÎÐÍÎ (Adorno), Âèçåíãðóíä-Àäîðíî (Wiesengrund-Adorno) Òåîäîð (1903-1969) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîÊðèòèêà êóëüòóðû è îáùåñòâî" (1955), "Äèññîíàíñû. Ìóçûêà â óïðàâëÿåìîì ìèðå" (1956), "ÂâåäåíèåÑ.Í. Àëåêñàíäðîâà
ÀÇÅÈÒÅÒ (ëàò. a se � èç ñàìîãî ñåáÿ) � ïîíÿòèå äëÿ èìåíîâàíèÿ ñîâåðøåííîãî â ñåáå è ÷åðåç Ñ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÉÄÓÊÅÂÈ× (Ajdukiewicz) Êàçèìåæ (1890-1963) � ïîëüñêèé ëîãèê è ôèëîñîô.  1920-1930 ïðèíÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÉÅÐ (Àóåã) Àëôðåä Äæóëñ (1910-1989) � áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîïîçèòèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÊÀÄÅÌÈß (ãðå÷. akademia) � íàèìåíîâàíèå íàó÷íûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèé è âûñøèõ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé, áåÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÊÀØÀ � â èíäèéñêîé ôèëîñîôèè � ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ýôèð èëè ïðîñòðàíñòâåííóþ, òðàêòóåìóÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÊÎÑÌÈÇÌ(ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà è kosmos � ìèð) � "áåçìèðèå". Òåîëîãè÷åñêàÿ è ôèëÑÌ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÊÑÀÊΠÈâàí Ñåðãååâè÷ (1823-1886) � ðóññêèé ïóáëèöèñò è îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü, ïîýò. Ñûí ðÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÀÊÑÀÊΠÊîíñòàíòèí Ñåðãååâè÷ (1817-1860)� ðóññêèé ïóáëèöèñò, èñòîðèê, ôèëîëîã. Ñûí ðóññêîãÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÀÊÑÅËÜÐÎÄ (ïñåâäîíèì � Îðòîäîêñ) Ëþáîâü Èñààêîâíà (1868-1946)� ðîññèéñêèé, ñîâåòñêèé ôèëîñÀ.À.Ãðèöèíîâ
ÀÊÑÈÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. axia � öåííîñòü, logos � ñëîâî, ó÷åíèå) � ôèëîñîôñêàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, çàíèìàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÀÊÑÈÎÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ (ãðå÷. axioma � çíà÷èìîå, ïðèíÿòîå ïîëîæåíèå) � ñïîñîá ïîñòðîåíèÿ òåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÀÊÑÈÎÌÅÒÐÈß � ôîðìèðóþùàÿñÿ êîìïëåêñíàÿ íàó÷íàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, ñòàâÿùàÿ ñâîèìè öåëÿìè âûÿâëåíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÀÊÒÓÀËÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. actualis � äåÿòåëüíûé, äåéñòâåííûé): 1) äåéñòâèå, íàïðàâëåííîå íà ïðèñïÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà, Þ.À. Êîðøóíîâ
ÀÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ÒÅÎÐÈß (àêòóàëèçì) � èäóùååå îò Ãåðàêëèòà ó÷åíèå î òîì, ÷òî íåèçìåííîå áûòèå Ñ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÊÖÈÄÅÍÖÈß (ëàò. accidentia � ñëó÷àé, ñëó÷àéíîñòü) � ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå âðåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÊÖÈß (ëàò. actio � äåéñòâèå) � îäíà èç àðèñòîòåëåâñêèõ êàòåãîðèé. Actio transiens � äåéñòÑÌ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀËÀÍ ËÈËËÜÑÊÈÉ (Alain de Lille, ëàòèíèçèðîâàííûé àíàëîã � Alanus ab Insulius) (1120/1128-1À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀËÃÎÐÈÒÌ (ëàò. algoritmi, algoritmus; ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî � òðàíñëèòåðàöèÿ èìåíè ñðåäíåàçèàòñêîãÃ,Â. Áåëÿåâ
ÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÅÐ (Alexander) Ñýìþýë (1859-1938)� àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô-íåîðåàëèñò. Ïðîôåññîð óíèâåðÀ. À,Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÅÐ (Alexander) Ôðàíö Ãàáðèýë (1891-1964) � àìåðèêàíñêèé âðà÷ è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, îäèíÂ.È, Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÐΠÃåîðãèé Ôåäîðîâè÷ (1908-1961) � ðîññèéñêèé ñîâåòñêèé ó÷åíûé, èñòîðèê ôèëîñîôèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀËÈÇÀÐÎÂÑÊÈÉ Ààðîí (Àäàì, Àëåêñàíäð) (1618-1659) � ñîöèàëüíî-ïîëèòè÷åñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ïðàâ
ÀËÊÎÃÎËÜ � ýòèëîâûé ñïèðò, ýòàíîë. Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîå â Åâðîïå, Ðîññèè, Ñåâåðíîé Àì"Î ïðîòèâîÿäèÿõ", "Ðîçàðèé ôèëîñîôîâ" è äð., èìåíîâàë ðàçíîâèäíîñòü À. � áðåíäè � "ýëèêñèðîì áÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀËËÅÃÎÐÈß (ãðå÷. allegoria � èíîñêàçàíèå) � îäèí èç ñïîñîáîâ ýñòåòè÷åñêîãî îñâîåíèÿ äåéñòâÈ.K. Èãíàòüåâà
ÀËÕÈÌÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. alchimia) � 1. Ýëåìåíò ñðåäíåâåêîâîé êóëüòóðû Çàïàäíîé Åâðîïû; 2. ÈñòîÅ.È. ßí÷óê
ÀËÜÁÅÐÒ ÂÅËÈÊÈÉ (Albertus Magnus) (1193/1207-1280) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, äîìèíèêàíñêèé òåîëîÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀËÜÒÐÓÈÇÌ (ôð. altruisme, ëàò. alter � äðóãîé) � ìîðàëüíûé ïðèíöèï, îñíîâàííûé íà ïðèçíàíèÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÀËÜÒÞÑÑÅÐ (Althusser) Ëóè (1918-1990) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, êðóïíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîìÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÀÌÀËÜÐÈÊ èç Áåíû, Àìîðè (Amaury) Øàðòðñêèé (óì. îê. 1206) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ôèëîâàåò ñâîþ ïåðâîçäàííóþ ïðèðîäó è ñîåäèíÿåòñÿ ñ Íèì, ñàìà ñòàíîâÿñü Áîãîì. Áîã áîëåå íå âûñòóïàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÌÁÈÂÀËÅÍÒÍÎÑÒÜ (ãðå÷. amphi � âîêðóã, îêîëî, ñ îáåèõ ñòîðîí, äâîéñòâåííîå è ëàò. valentiaÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÀÍÀÊÑÀÃÎÐ (500-428 äî í.ý.) � äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé (èç Êëà-çîìåí) ôèëîñîô, ìàòåìàòèê è àñòðîíîìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÀÍÀÊÑÈÌÀÍÄÐ (610-540 äî í.ý.) � èîíèéñêèé (èç Ìè-ëåòà) íàòóðôèëîñîô, ó÷åíèê è ïîñëåäîâàòåëÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÀÍÀÊÑÈÌÅÍ (585-525 äî í.ý.) � èîíèéñêèé (èç Ìè-ëåòà) íàòóðôèëîñîô, ó÷åíèê Àíæêñèìàíäðà. À.Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÀÍÀËÈÇ è ÑÈÍÒÅÇ � òåðìèíû, îáîçíà÷àþùèå: 1) ìåòîäû íàó÷íîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, êîòîðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ ýòàÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÀÍÀËÈÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. analytike � èñêóññòâî àíàëèçà) � èñêóññòâî ðàñ÷ëåíåíèÿ ïîíÿòèé, íà÷àë, ýëÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÍÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß � â óçêîì ñìûñëå äîìèíèðóþùåå íàïðàâëåíèå â àíãëî-àìåðèêàíñêîé ôèëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, À.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÀÍÀËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. analogia � ñîîòâåòñòâèå, ñõîäñòâî) � 1) ïîäîáèå ïðåäìåòîâ èëè ÿâëåíèé â êàÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÀÍÀÌÍÅÑÈÑ(ãðå÷. anamnesis � ïðèïîìèíàíèå, âîñïîìèíàíèå) � â ó÷åíèè Ïëàòîíà (äèàëîãè "ÌåíîíÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÍÀÍÊÅ (ÀÍÀÍÊÀ) (ãðå÷. ananke � ñóäüáà, ïðèíóæäåíèå, íåèçáåæíîñòü) � â äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ìèôÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÀÍÀÐÕÈß (ãðå÷. anarchia � áåçâëàñòèå) � ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ ñîñòîÿíÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÍÄÐÅÀÑ-ÑÀËÎÌÅ Ëó(Ëóèçà Ãóñòàâîâíà) (1861-1937) � ðîññèéñêî-íåìåöêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê è ïèñàòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÀÍÄÐÅÅ Äàíèèë Ëåîíèäîâè÷ (1906-1959) � ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ëèòåðàòîð è ôèëîñîô. Ñûí ïèñàòåÀ .À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÍÄÐÎÃÈÍ (òàêæå ãåðìàôðîäèò, ïî èìåíè áîãà äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ìèôîëîãèè, ñûíà Ãåðìåñà è ÀôðîäÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÍÈÌÀ, ÀÍÈÌÓÑ (ëàò. anima � äóøà è animus � äóõ) � ïîíÿòèÿ, âûðàæàþùèå â äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé êÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÀÍÈÌÈÇÌ (ëàò. anima, animus � äóøà, äóõ) � ñèñòåìà ïðåäñòàâëåíèé î ÿêîáû ðåàëüíî ñóùåñòâóþÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÀÍÎÌÈß (ôðàíö. anomie � îòñóòñòâèå çàêîíà, îðãàíèçàöèè) � ôèëîñîôñêî-ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêîå ïîíÿòÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ
ÀÍÑÅËÜÌ ÊÅÍÒÅÐÁÅÐÈÉÑÊÈÉ (Ànsålm) (1033-1109) � òåîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ñõîëàñòè÷åñêîãî ðåàëèÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÀÍÒÈÍÎÌÈÈ ×ÈÑÒÎÃÎ ÐÀÇÓÌÀ � â "Êðèòèêå ÷èñòîãî ðàçóìà" Êàíòà � ïðîòèâîðå÷àùèå äðóã äðóãó óòÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÀÍÒÈÍÎÌÈß (ãðå÷. antinomia � ïðîòèâîðå÷èå â çàêîíå) � ôîðìà ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ ïðîòèÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ
ÀÍÒÈÒÐÈÍÈÒÀÐÈÇÌ � ñì. ÒÐÎÈÖÀ
ÀÍÒÈÓÒÎÏÈß � ñàìîîñîçíàþùåå òå÷åíèå â ëèòåðàòóðå, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùåå ñîáîé êðèòè÷åñêîå îïèñàíèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÍÒÈÕÐÈÑÒ � â õðèñòèàíñêèõ ìîäåëÿõ ìèðîïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ ýñõàòîëîãè÷åñêîãî òîëêà � îïïîíåíò, ïÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÍÒÈ×ÍÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß � êîìïëåêñ èäåé è ó÷åíèé, ïðîäóöèðîâàííûõ äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèìè è äðåâíåðèìñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÀÍÒÐÎÏÍÛÉ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ (ãðå÷. anthropos � ÷åëîâåê) � îäèí èç ïðèíöèïîâ ñîâðåìåííîé êîñìîëîãèè, B.C. Âÿçîâêèí
ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ãðå÷. anthropos � ÷åëîâåê è analysis � ðàçëîæåíèå, ðàñ÷ëåíåíèå) � îäíî èç íÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎËÎÃÈÇÌ � ôèëîñîôñêîå òå÷åíèå, êîòîðîå ðàññìàòðèâàåò ïîíÿòèå "÷åëîâåê" â êà÷åñòâå áàÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎËÎÃÈß (anthropology), ðåæå � îáùàÿ À. (general Anthropology) � ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â àíÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎËÎÃÈß ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÀß (cultural anthropology), ðåæå � ñîöèàëüíàÿ èëè ñîöèàëüíî-êóëüòóðíàÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎÑÎÔÈß (ãðå÷. anthropos � ÷åëîâåê, sophia � ìóäðîñòü) � îäíà èç âåðñèé òåîñîôèè (ïîëÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎÒÅÕÍÈÊÀ � ñîâîêóïíîñòü ïðèêëàäíûõ òåõíè÷åñêèõ çíàíèé äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ ÷åëîâåêîì. Èäåÿ ÀÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÀÏÅÉÐÎÍ (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà, peiron � ïðåäåë, êîíåö) � ïîíÿòèå äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÀÏÅËÜ (Apel) Êàðë-Îòòî (ð. 1922) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ñîâðåìåííîé
Ì.Ë. Ìîæåéêî
ÀÏÎÊÀËÈÏÑÈÑ (ãðå÷. � îòêðîâåíèå, Îòêðîâåíèå Èîàííà Áîãîñëîâà, ïîñëåäíÿÿ êíèãà Íîâîãî ÇàâåÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÏÎÊÀËÈÏÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÂÑÀÄÍÈÊÈ � ñèìâîëè÷åñêàÿ ôèãóðà èç ãëàâû 6 "Îòêðîâåíèÿ Èîàííà Áîãîñëîâà",À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÏÎÊÀËÈÏÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ � â 20 â. îáîçíà÷åíèå ïåðèîäà âðåìåíè èëè ñîñòîÿíèÿ îáùåñòâà, êîãäà ñóùåñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÏÎÊÀËÈÏÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ×ÈÑËÎ èëè "÷èñëî çâåðÿ" � â "Îòêðîâåíèè Èîàííà Áîãîñëîâà" ìèñòè÷åñêîå ÷èñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÏÎÊÀÑÒÀÑÈÑ (ãðå÷. � âîçâðàùåíèå â ïðåæíåå ñîñòîÿíèå, âîññòàíîâëåíèå) � ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÏÎËËÎÍÎÂÑÊÎÅ è ÄÈÎÍÈÑÈÉÑÊÎÅ � ôèëîñîôñêî-ýñòåòè÷åñêèå ïîíÿòèÿ, èñïîëüçîâàííûå Øåëëèíãîì äÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÏÎËÎÃÅÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. apologeomai � çàùèùàþ) � (1) � â òðàäèöèîííî-èñòîðè÷åñêîì çíà÷åíèè � ñîÀ .À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÏÎÐÈß (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà, poros � âûõîä, aporia � áåçâûõîäíîå ïîëîæåíèå, çàïàõà", ñâîäÿòñÿ ê îáùåìó äîêàçàòåëüñòâó, ñôîðìóëèðîâàííîìó èì ñàìèì: "Äâèæóùèéñÿ ïðåäìåò íå äâÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÀÏÎÑÒÅÐÈÎÐÈ (ëàò. a posteriori, áóêâ. � èç ïîñëåäóþùåãî) � ôèëîñîôñêèé òåðìèí, îçíà÷àþùèé À.Â. Âàí÷óêåâè÷
ÀÏÎÔÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß òåîëîãèÿ (ãðå÷. apophatikos � îòðèöàòåëüíûé) � ñïåöèôè÷íàÿ äëÿ òåèçìà ïàðàäèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÀÏÏÅÐÖÅÏÖÈß (ëàò. ad � ê è percepcio � âîñïðèÿòèå) � òåðìèí, ââåäåííûé Ã. Ëåéáíèöåì äëÿ îáÂ.À. Ïîëèêàðïîâ
ÀÏÐÈÎÐÈ (ëàò. a priori, áóêâ. � èç ïðåäøåñòâóþùåãî) � ôèëîñîôñêèé òåðìèí, èìåþùèé âàæíîå çÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÀÐÃÓÌÅÍÒÀÖÈß (ëàò. argumentatio) � ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ëîãèêî-êîììóíèêàòèâíûé ïðîöåññ, ñß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷
ÀÐÅÍÄ (Arendt) Õàííà (1906-1975) � íåìåöêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïîëèòîëîã, äîêòîð ôèëîñîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÀÐÈÑÒÎÒÅËÜ (384-322 äî í.ý.) � äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô è ó÷åíûé-ýíöèêëîïåäèñò. Ðîäèëñÿ â ÑÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÀÐÎÍ (Àron) Ðåéìîí Êëîä Ôåðäèíàíä (1905-1983) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ïóáëèöèñò.
Å.Ì. Áàáîñîâ, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÐÕÅÒÈÏ (ãðå÷. arche � íà÷àëî è typos � îáðàç; ïåðâîîáðàç, ïðîôîðìà) � ïîíÿòèå, âîñõîäÿùååÂ.Í. Ôóðñ
ÀÑÅÁÈß (ãðå÷. � áåçáîæèå) � ïîíÿòèå õðèñòèàíñêîé äóõîâíîé òðàäèöèè, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ðàçëè÷íûåC.IO. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÀÑÊÅÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. aske � óïðàæíåíèå â ÷åì ëèáî) � òåõíèêà òåëåñíûõ è ìåíòàëüíûõ ïðàêòèê, ñëóÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÀÑÌÓÑ Âàëåíòèí Ôåðäèíàíäîâè÷ (1894-1975) � ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñïåöèàëèñò ïî èñòîðèè ôèëîñÀ .À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÀÑÒÐÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. astron � çâåçäà è logos � ó÷åíèå) � ñïåöèôè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà âçãëÿäîâ íà ÊîÂ.È. Êóäðÿâöåâà
ÀÒÅÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàíèå è theos � Áîã; áóêâàëüíî � áåçáîæèå) � ôèëîñîôñêî-ìàòåðèàëèñòèÀ. À. Êðóãëîå
ÀÒÌÀÍ (ñàíñêð. � äûõàíèå, äóøà, ÿ-ñàì) � â äðåâíåèíäèéñêîì ðåëèãèîçíîì óìîçðåíèè è èñõîäÿùÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÀÒÎÌÈÑÒÈÊÀ, àòîìèçì � â ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîì óçêîì ñìûñëå ñëîâà À. � ó÷åíèå î äèñêðåòíîì (ïðåðûâÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ
ÀÒÐÈÁÓÒ (ëàò. attribuo � ïðèäàþ, íàäåëÿþ) � íåîòúåìëåìîå ñâîéñòâî îáúåêòà, áåç êîòîðîãî îíÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê
ÀÓÒÂÅÉÒ (Outhwaite) Óèëüÿì (ð. 1949) � áðèòàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðåàëèñòñêîãî íàïÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÀÓÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. autos � ñàì) � ó ÷åëîâåêà � 1) æèçíåííàÿ óñòàíîâêà è íå âñåãäà îñîçíàâàåìûé À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÀÄÅÍÑÊÀß (ÔÐÅÉÁÓÐÃÑÊÀß, ÞÃÎ-ÇÀÏÀÄÍÎÃÅÐÌÀÍÑÊÀß) ØÊÎËÀ � íàïðàâëåíèå â íåîêàíòèàíñòâå, îñíîÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÁÀÇÈÑ È ÍÀÄÑÒÐÎÉÊÀ (ãðå÷. basis � îñíîâàíèå) � îñíîâíûå ïîíÿòèÿ ìàðêñèñòñêîé âåðñèè ñîöèàëÐ.Í. Äîæäèêîâà
ÁÀÊÐÀÄÇÅ Êîíñòàíòèí (1898-1970) � ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê.  1918 ïîñòóïèë â ÒáèëèññêèéÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁÀÊÓÍÈÍ Ìèõàèë Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1814-1876) � ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ðåâîëþöèîíåð, èäåîëîã è òåîðÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÀÐÒ (Barthes) Ðîëàí (1915-1980) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ëèòåðàòóðîâåä, ôèëîñîô-ñòðóêòóðàëèñò. ÎñíîâÀ.Â. Âàøêåâè÷
ÁÀÒÀÉ (Bataille) Æîðæ (1897-1962) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, ýêîíîìèñò, ïóáëèöèñò, ýÀ.ß. Ñàðíà
ÁÀÕÀÉ � îäíà èç íàèáîëåå ìîëîäûõ ìèðîâûõ ðåëèãèé. Çàðîæäåíèå Á. � 1844, Èðàí. Â îñíîâå Á. À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÀÕÒÈÍ Ìèõàèë Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1895-1975) � èçâåñòíûé ðóññêèé ó÷åíûé: ôèëîñîô, ôèëîëîã, ëèòåðàòÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà
ÁÀØËßÐ (Âàñhå1àd) Ãàñòîí (1884-1962) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ìåòîäîëîã, ïñèõîëîã, êóëüòóðîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁÅÃÑÒÂÎ Â ÁÎËÅÇÍÜ � ïîíÿòèå è ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ Ôðåéäà, ôèêñèðóþùèå è ðàñêðûâàþÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÅÃÑÒÂÎ ÎÒ ÑÂÎÁÎÄÛ � ïîíÿòèå è êîíöåïöèÿ ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêîãî ïñèõîàíàëèçà Ôðîììà, ôèêñèðóþùèåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÅÉËÜ (Âàó1å) Ïüåð (1647-1706) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò, ïðåäøåñòâåííèê ôèëîñîôèèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷
ÁÅËÀÁËÎÖÊÈÉ (Áåëîáîöêèé) Àíäðåé (äî ïðàâîñëàâíîãî êðåùåíèÿ ßí) Õðèñòîôîðîâè÷ (2-ÿ ïîë. 17 Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî ÁÅËÈÍÑÊÈÉ Âèññàðèîí Ãðèãîðüåâè÷ (1811-1848) � ðóññêèé ëèòåðàòóðíûé êðèòèê è ïóáëèöèñò, ôèëÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁÅËË (Bell) Äàíèåë (ð. 1919) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð Ãàðâàðäñêîãî óíèÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ
ÁÅËÎÐÓÑÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß � ñì. ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÁÅËÀÐÓÑÈ
ÁÅËÛÉ Àíäðåé (ïñåâäîíèì; íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ � Áîðèñ Íèêîëàåâè÷ Áóãàåâ) (1880-1934) � ðóññêèé ïîÀ. À. Ëàâðó õèí
ÁÅÌÅ èëè Áåì (Bohme, Bohm) ßêîá (Èàêîâ) (1575-1624) � íåìåöêèé òåîñîô, ãíîñòèê, ìèñòèê. ÐîÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÁÅÍÅÄÈÊÒ (Benedict) Ðóò (1887-1948) � àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, ýòíîïñèõîëîã è ïîýò. ÄîêòîðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÅÍÒÀÌ (Bentham) Èåðåìèÿ (1748-1832) � áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, þðèñò, âèäíåéøèé ïðåäÀ.À. Áàêàíîâ
ÁÅÍÜßÌÈÍ (Benjamin) Âàëüòåð (1892-1940) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è èñòîðèê êóëüòóðû. Åãî ðàáîòû À.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÁÅÐÃÅÐ (Berger) Ïèòåð Ëþäâèã (ð. 1929) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, âåäóùèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ôåíîÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÁÅÐÃÑÎÍ (Bergson) Àíðè (1859-1941) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü èíòóèòèâèçìà, ýâîëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÅÐÄßÅ Íèêîëàé Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1874-1948) � ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò.  1898 çà ó÷àñòèåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÅÐÊËÈ (Berkeley) Äæîðäæ (1685-1753) � áðèòàíñêèé òåîëîã è ôèëîñîô. Èçó÷àë ôèëîñîôèþ, ëîãèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÅÐÍ (Bern) Ýðèê (1910-1970) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Ñîçäàòåëü òðàíñàêöèîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÅÐÍÀÐ ÊËÅÐÂÎÑÊÈÉ (Bernard de Clairvaux, 1091-1153) � êëàññèê åâðîïåéñêîãî ìèñòèöèçìà, òåîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÁÅÐÍÕÝÌ (Âurnham) Äæåéìñ (1905-1987) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è èñòîðèê ãóìàíèòàðíîãî çíàíèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÅÐÍØÒÅÉÍ (Bernstein) Ýäóàðä (1850-1932) � òåîðåòèê è äåÿòåëü åâðîïåéñêîãî ñîöèàë-äåìîêðàòÅ.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî
ÁÅÑÊÎÍÅ×ÍÎÅ � ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ äëÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè áûòèÿ â åãî öåëîñòíîñòè è ñòðóêòóðíÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ
ÁÅÑÊÎÍÅ×ÍÎÅ ËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ � ïîíÿòèå äèàëåêòè÷åñêîé ëîãèêè, ââåäåííîå ãðóçèíñêèì ôèëîñîôîì Ñ.ÁÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ
ÁÅÑÑÌÅÐÒÈÅ � ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ïðåîäîëåíèå ñìåðòíîñòè è çàáâåíèÿ ÷åëîâåêà è ÷åëîâå÷åñêÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîàà
ÁÅÑÑÎÇÍÀÒÅËÜÍÎÅ (áåññîçíàòåëüíîå ïñèõè÷åñêîå) � â íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ: 1) Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÅÕÒÅÐÅ Âëàäèìèð Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1857-1927) � ðîññèéñêèé íåâðîïàòîëîã, ïñèõèàòð, ðåôëåêñîëîã,Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÈÁËÈß (ãðå÷. biblia � êíèãè) � ñîáðàíèå ðàçíîâðåìåííûõ, ðàçíîÿçû÷íûõ è ðàçíîõàðàêòåðíûõ ñÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÁÈÍÑÂÀÍÃÅÐ (Binswanger) Ëþäâèã (1881-1966) � øâåéöàðñêèé ïñèõèàòð, ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô. ÑîçÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÈÎÃÅÍÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÇÀÊÎÍ (ãðå÷. bios � æèçíü è genesis � ïðîèñõîæäåíèå) � ñôîðìóëèðîâàííîå Ô.À.Ë. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÈÎÑÔÅÐÀ (ãðå÷. bios � æèçíü, sphaira � øàð) � îáëàñòü æèçíè íà Çåìëå. Ñóùåñòâîâàíèå íà íàÀ.Â. Áàðêîâñêàÿ
ÁÈÎÝÒÈÊÀ � ñèñòåìà ïðåäñòàâëåíèé î íðàâñòâåííûõ ïðåäåëàõ è ãðàíèöàõ ïðîíèêíîâåíèÿ ÷åëîâåêàÀ.Ò. Ïàâëîâà
ÁÈÑÅÊÑÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. bi � äâà è ëàò. sexus �ïîë; áóêâàëüíî � "äâîéíàÿ ñåêñóàëüíîñòü"). ÍàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÈÕÅÂÈÎÐÈÇÌ (àíãë, behaviour, � ïîâåäåíèå) � îäíî èç âåäóùèõ íàïðàâëåíèé â ïñèõîëîãèè êîíöÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁËÀÂÀÒÑÊÀß Åëåíà Ïåòðîâíà (1831-1891) � ïèñàòåëüíèöà, ôèëîñîô, ðåëèãèîâåä, îñíîâàòåëü ÒåîñÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÁËÀÍØÎ (Blanchot) Ìîðèñ (ð. 1907) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, ëèòåðàòóðîâåä. ÎñíîâíûåÀ.ß. Ñàðíà
ÁËÀÓ (Blau) Ïèòåð Ìèêàýë (ð. 1918) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð Êîëóìáèéñêîãî óíèâåðÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁËÎÊ (Block) Ìàðê (1886 � ðàññòðåëÿí ôàøèñòàìè â 1944) � ôðàíöóçñêèé èñòîðèê-ìåäèåâèñò, ó÷Â.Í. Ôóðå
ÁËÎÍÑÊÈÉ Ïàâåë Ïåòðîâè÷ (1884-1941) � ðîññèéñêèé ïåäàãîã, ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîð ïåäàãÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî ÁËÎÕ (Bloch) Ýðíñò (1885-1977) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã è ïóáëèöèñò íåîìàðêñèñòñêîé îðÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁËÓÌÅÐ (Blumer) Ãåðáåðò (1900-1987) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïñèõîëîã.  1925-1952 � â ×èÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁÎÀÑ (Boas) Ôðàíö (1858-1942) � àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã. Ðîäèëñÿ â åâðåéñêîé ñåìüå â ÃåðìàÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâà ÁÎà � ñàêðàëüíàÿ ïåðñîíèôèêàöèÿ Àáñîëþòà â ðåëèãèÿõ òåèñòñêîãî òèïà: âåðõîâíàÿ ëè÷íîñòü, àÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÁÎÃÄÀÍΠ(ïñåâäîíèì), Ìàëèíîâñêèé Àëåêñàíäð Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1873-1928) � ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïÅ.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî
ÁÎÃÎÑËÎÂÈÅ ïðàâîñëàâíîå � 1) Âåðî- è íðàâîó÷åíèå Ïðàâîñëàâíîé Öåðêâè; 2) êîìïëåêñ äèñöèïëèÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí
ÁÎÃÓØ Ôðàíòèøàê Êñàâåðèé Ìèõàë (1746-1820) � òåîëîã, ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê, ïèñàòåëü Âåëèêîãî êÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁÎÄÐÈÉßÐ (Baudrillard) Æàí (ð. 1929) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, êóëüòóðîëîã. ÎñíîâíûÀ.ß. Ñàðíà
ÁÎÊËÜ (Buckle) Ãåíðè Òîìàñ (1821-1862) � áðèòàíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è èñòîðèê. Èñïûòàë áîëüøîå âÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÎËÈÍÃÁPOK (Bolingbroke) Ãåíðè Ñåíò-Äæîí (1678-1751), âèêîíò (1712) � àíãëèéñêèé ãîñóäàðñòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÎËÜØÅÂÈÇÌ � èäåîëîãèÿ, òåîðèÿ è ïðàêòèêà ýêñòðåìèñòñêîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ â ðîññèéñêîì ðåâîëþöÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÎÍÀÂÅÍÒÓÐÀ (Bonaventura), íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ � Äæî-âàííè Ôèäàíöà (1217-1274) � ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ñÈ.À. Íåñòåðîâè÷
ÁÎÍÀÏÀÐÒ (Bonaparte) Ìàðè (1882-1962) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Ïðèíöåññà ãðå÷åñêàÿ. ÏîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÎÐÕÅÑ (Borges) Õîðõå Ëóèñ (1899-1986) � àðãåíòèíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ïèñàòåëü. Êëàññèê æàíðà À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÎÐÜÁÀ - â èñòîðèè ôèëîñîôèè îäíî èç îñíîâíûõ ïîíÿòèé ôèëîñîôñêèõ øêîë äèàëåêòè÷åñêîãî è âÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÎÑÑ (Boss) Ìåäàðä (ð. 1903) - øâåéöàðñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, îäèí èç ëèäåðîâ ýêçèñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÎÕÂÈÖ Ôëîðèàí (1799-1856) - áåëîðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, ñâîÿê À. Ìèöêåâè÷à. Ðîäèëñÿ â Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁÎÕÅÍÜÑÊÈÉ (Bochenski) Þçåô Ìàðèÿ (1902-1995) - ïîëüñêî-øâåéöàðñêèé ôèëîñîô-íåîòîìèñò, ÷ëåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÎÝÖÈÉ (Boethius) Àíèöèé Ìàíëèé Òîðêâàò Ñåâåðèí (480-524, êàçíåí) - ðèìñêèé ôèëîñîô, ó÷åíûÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÁÐÀÊ - èñòîðè÷åñêè îáóñëîâëåííàÿ, ñàíêöèîíèðóåìàÿ è ðåãóëèðóåìàÿ îáùåñòâîì ôîðìà âçàèìîîòíÑ.Ä. Ëàïòåíîê
ÁÐÀÕÌÀÍ (ñàíñêð. - ñâÿùåííàÿ ñèëà) - â óìîçðåíèè è ñîïðÿæåííûõ ôèëîñîôñêèõ ó÷åíèÿõ ÄðåâíåéÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÁÐÅÍÒÀÍÎ (Brentano) Ôðàíö (1838-1917) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðîôåññîð ôèëîñîôèè ÂþðöáóðãñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÐÈËË (Brill) Àáðàõàì (1874-1948) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèíûÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÐÓÍÎ (Bruno) Äæîðäàíî Ôèëèïïå (1548-1600) - èòàëüÿíñêèé åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, íàòóðôèëîñîô À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî ÁÐÝÄËÈ (Bradly) Ôðýíñèñ Ãåðáåðò (1846-1924) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü àáñîëþòíîãÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÂÓÁÅÐ (Buber) Ìàðòèí (èëè Ìàðäîõàé) (1878-1965) - åâðåéñêèé ôèëîñîô-äèàëîãèñò. Äåòñòâî è îÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÁÓÄÄÀ (ñàíñêð. ïðîñâåòëåííûé) (îê. 567-488 äî í.ý.) - îñíîâàòåëü ìèðîâîé ðåëèãèè áóääèçìà Â.Í. Ôóðñ
ÁÓÄÄÈÇÌ - ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, ïåðâàÿ ïî âðåìåíè âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ ìèðîâàÿ ðåëèãèÿ (Â.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÁÓÄÍÛÉ Áåíÿø (êîí. 16 - íà÷. 17 ââ.) - áåëîðóññêèé ãóìàíèñò, ïèñàòåëü, ïåðåâîä÷èê àíòè÷íûõÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁÓÄÍÛÉ Ñûìîí (îê. 1530-1593) - ìûñëèòåëü Áåëàðóñè ýïîõè Âîçðîæäåíèÿ, ðåëèãèîçíûé ðåôîðìàòîÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÁÓËÃÀÊÎÂ Ñåðãåé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1871-1944) - ðóññêèé ðåëèãèîçíûé ôèëîñîô, áîãîñëîâ, ýêîíîìèñò.Ã.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÁÓÐÄÜÅ (Bourdicu) Ïüåð (ð. 1930) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ýòíîëîã, àâòîð îðèãèíàëüíîé êîíöåÄ-Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÁÓÐÈÄÀÍ - ñì. ÆÀÍ ÁÓÐÈÄÀÍ
ÁÓÕÀÐÈÍ Íèêîëàé Èâàíîâè÷ (1888-1938) - áîëüøåâèñòñêèé ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü, ôèëîñîô è ñîöèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
"ÁÕÀÃÀÂÀÄ-ÃÈÒÀ" (Áõàãàâàäãèòà) - (ñàíñêð. áóêâ. - ïåñíü Áõàãàâàòà, ïåñíü Ãîñïîäà, Ò.Å. ÊðèÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÁÕÀÑÊÀÐ (Bhaskar) Ðîé (ð. 1930) - áðèòàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðåàëèñòñêîãî íàïðàâëåÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÁÛÒÈÅ - êàòåãîðèÿ, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ îñíîâó ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ (äëÿ ìèðà â öåëîì èëè äëÿ ëþáîé ðàçíîâÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÁÛÕÎÂÑÊÈÉ Áåðíàðä Ýììàíóèëîâè÷ (1901-1980) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóê (Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÁÝÊÎÍ Ðîäæåð - ñì. ÐÎÄÆÅÐ ÁÝÊÎÍ
ÁÝÊÎÍ (Bacon) Ôðýíñèñ (1561-1626) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü ìåòîäîëîãèè îïûòíîé íàóÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÁÞÐÎÊÐÀÒÈß (ôð. bureaucratie, áóêâàëüíî - ãîñïîäñòâî êàíöåëÿðèè, îò ôð. bureau - áþðî, êàíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÂÀËÅÍÒÈÍΠ(Âîëüñêèé) Íèêîëàé Âëàäèñëàâîâè÷ (1879-1964) - ðîññèéñêèé ïóáëèöèñò, èñòîðèê è Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÀËÎÂÈ× Àñòàôèé Áîãäàíîâè÷ (îê. 1520-1587) - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü Âåëèêîãî êíÿæåñòâà ËèÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÂÀËÜÄÅÍÔÅËÜÑ (Waldenfels) Áåðíõàðä (ð. 1934) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô-ôåíîìåíîëîã. Ñ 1976 - ïðîôÎ.Í. Øïàðàãà ÂÀÍ ×ÓÍ(27-îêîëî 98) - äðåâíåêèòàéñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, àâòîð ðÿäà ôèëîñîôñêèõ òðàêòàòîâ. ÑîõðàíÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÂÀÐÒÎÔÑÊÈÉ (Wartofski) Ìàðêñ (ð. 1928) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë Âûñøóþ øêîëó ìóçûêèÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÂÀÐÜßØ Øàíäîð (Àëåêñàíäð Èãíàòüåâè÷) (1885-1939) - âåíãåðñêî-ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðèíèìàë Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÂÅÄÅÍÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷ (1856-1925) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê, ïñèõîëîã. Îêîí÷èë èñòîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÂÅÁÅÐ (Weber) Àëüôðåä (1868-1958) - íåìåöêèé ýêîíîìèñò, ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô. Ìëàäøèé áðàò ÌàÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÂÅÁÅÐ (Weber) Ìàêñ (Êàðë Ýìèëü Ìàêñèìèëèàí) (1864-1920) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô è èñòÂ.Í. Ôóðå
ÂÅÁËÅÍ (Veblen) Òîðñòåéí Áóíä (1857-1929) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ýêîíîìèñò, ïóáëèöèñò. ÎÌ.Ã. Áàêàíîâà
ÂÅÄÛ (âåäèéñêàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà) - (ñàíñêð. veda - çíàíèå, îò èíäîåâð. êîðíÿ veid - çíàòü, âèäåÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÂÅÇÄÅÑÓÙÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. - omnipraesentia) - ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôñêîé ñèñòåìû Ôîìû Àêâèíñêîãî, îáîçíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
"ÂÅËÈÊÈÅ ÍÅÂÐÎÇÛ" ÍÀØÅÃÎ ÂÐÅÌÅÍÈ - íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå è çíà÷èìûå ôîðìû ñîâðåìåííûõ È.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÅÍÑÊÈÉ ÊÐÓÆÎÊ - ãðóïïà ó÷åíûõ è ôèëîñîôîâ, êîòîðàÿ â 1920-å ñòàëè öåíòðîì ðàçðàáîòêè èäåéÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÂÅÐÀ - ãëóáèííàÿ îáùå÷åëîâå÷åñêàÿ óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ êîìïëåêñíûé ôåíîìåí èíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÂÅÐÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. verificatia - ïîäòâåðæäåíèå; ëàò. verus - èñòèííûé, facio - äåëàþ)Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê
ÂÅÐÍÀÄÑÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Èâàíîâè÷ (1863-1945) - ðîññèéñêèé åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü è ìûñëèòåëü, îñíîÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî
ÂÅÐÎßÒÍÎÑÒÜ - êîëè÷åñòâåííàÿ ìåðà âîçìîæíîñòè îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ ñîáûòèÿ ïðè íàëè÷èè íåîïðåäåëåÍ.Í. Ëåîíîâ
"ÂÅÑÅËÀß ÍÀÓÊÀ" (ñòàðîïðîâàíñàëüñê. - gaya scienza) - îäíî èç ñàìîîïðåäåëåíèé þæíîôðàíöóçñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÂÅ×ÍÎÅ ÂÎÇÂÐÀÙÅÍÈÅ òîãî æå ñàìîãî, èëè âñåõ âåùåé (ewige Wiederkunft des Gleichen, oder alÈ.Â. Æóê
"ÂÅÙÜ Â ÑÅÁÅ" - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ãíîñåîëîãèè, à çàòåì è ýòèêè Êàíòà. Äàííîå ïîíÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ
ÂÈÂÅÊÀÍÀÍÄÀ ÑÂÀÌÈ (ìîíàøåñêîå èìÿ, íàñòîÿùåå - Íàðåíäðàíàòõ Äàòòà) (1863-1902) - èíäèéñêèéÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÂÈÇÅ (Wiese) Ëåîïîëüä ôîí (1876-1969) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ôîðìàëüíîé øêîëû.À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÂÈÊÎ (Vico) Äæàìáàòòèñòà (1668-1744) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðîôåññîð ðèòîðèêè óíèâåðñèòåòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÂÈÍÄÅËÜÁÀÍÄ (Windelband) Âèëüãåëüì (1848-1915) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç êëàññèêîâ èñòîðÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÂÈÍÎ - àëêîãîëüíûé íàïèòîê (òðàäèöèîííî èç âèíîãðàäà), ïîëó÷àåìûé â ïðîöåññå èñêóññòâåííîéÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÂÈÒÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. vitalis - æèâîé, æèçíåííûé) - òå÷åíèå â áèîëîãèè, îòñòàèâàþùåå íàëè÷èå ó ïðÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî
ÂÈÒÃÅÍØÒÅÉÍ (Wittgenstein) Ëþäâèã (1889-1951) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðîôåññîð ÊåìáðèäæñêîÞ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê
ÂÈÒÒÅËÜÑ (Wittels) Ôðèö (1880-1951) - àâñòðèéñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê è ïèñàòåëü. Îäèí èç ïåðâûõ
Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÈØÎÂÀÒÛÉ Àíäðåé (1608-1678) - òåîëîã, ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâíûõ äåÿòåëåé ñîöèàíñòâà â ÂåëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, R.JI. Àáóøåíêî
ÂËÀÑÒÜ - â êëàññè÷åñêèõ ôèëîñîôñêèõ êîíöåïöèÿõ - îñîáîå îòíîøåíèå ìåæäó ëþäüìè, ñïîñîáíîñòÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ
ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ - ñîñðåäîòî÷åííîñòü ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ñóáúåêòà â äàííûé Ò.Â. Ñàìóùèê
ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÜ è ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ - ìîäàëüíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè áûòèÿ, âûðàæàþùèå, ñ îäíîé ñòîðîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÛÅ ÌÈÐÛ - ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå, ôèêñèðóþùåå ìûñëèìûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ áûòèÿ, àëüòåðíàòèâíûåÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÂÎÇÐÎÆÄÅÍÈÅ (èëè Ðåíåññàíñ) - òåðìèí, îáîçíà÷àþùèé â èñòîðèè êóëüòóðû ñòðàí Çàïàäíîé è ÖåíÀ.Ð. Óñòàíîâè
ÂÎËÀÍ (Âîëÿí) Àíäðåé (1530-1610) - ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü Âåëèêîãî êíÿæåñòâà Ëèòîâñêîãî, èäåÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÂÎËÎØÈÍΠÂàëåíòèí Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1895-1936) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîýò è ìóçûêàíò. Îêîí÷èë ÄÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÎËÜÒÅÐ (Voltaire), íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Ôðàíñóà Ìàðè Àðóý (Arouet) (1694-1778) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÂÎËÜÔ (Wolff) Õðèñòèàí (1679-1754) - íåìåöêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô è ìàòåìàòèê, ñ èìåíåì êîòÒ.Ò. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÂÎËÞÍÒÀÐÈÇÌ (ëàò. voluntas - âîëÿ) - ôèëîñîôñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå, öåíòðèðîâàííîå âîêðóã ïîíÿòèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÂÎËß - ôåíîìåí ñàìîðåãóëÿöèè ñóáúåêòîì ñâîèõ ïîâåäåíèÿ è äåÿòåëüíîñòè, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèé âåêòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
"ÂÎËß Ê ÂËÀÑÒÈ" (der Wille zur Macht) - öåíòðàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè æèçíè Íèöøå, îêàçàâøÈ.Â. Æóê
ÂÎÏÐÎÑ - òèï ñóæäåíèÿ, ïðåäïîëàãàþùèé íåäîñòàòîê èíôîðìàöèè î ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåì îáúåêòå è òðÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÂÎÐÎÍÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1884-1943) - ðîññèéñêèé ëèòåðàòîð. Ó÷èëñÿ â Òàìáîâñêîé
Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÎÑÊÐÅØÅÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèå ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîé (õðèñòèàíñêîé) òðàäèöèè, ñâÿçàííîå ñ èñòîëêîâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÂÎÑËÅÍÑÊÈÉ Ìèõàèë Ñåðãååâè÷ (1920-1997) - ðîññèéñêèé èñòîðèê, äèðåêòîð Áîííñêîãî èíñòèòóòàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÎÑÏÈÒÀÍÈÅ - ñëîæíîå ôèëîñîôñêî-ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîå ïîíÿòèå. Ñóùåñòâóåò ðÿä åãî ïîíèìàíèé.  øèÑ.Á. Ñàâåëîâà, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî ÂÎÑÏÐÈßÒÈÅ - ïðîöåññ öåëîñòíîãî îòðàæåíèÿ ïðåäìåòîâ èëè ïðåäìåòíûõ ñèòóàöèé, âîçíèêàþùèé ïÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê
ÂÎÑÜÌÅÐÈ×ÍÛÉ (ÁËÀÃÎÐÎÄÍÛÉ) ÏÓÒÜ - â ó÷åíèè áóääèçìà - ïóòü, êîòîðûé âåäåò ê ïðåêðàùåíèþ ñòÀ.À. Òðèöèíîâ
ÂÐÅÌß - ñì. ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÎ È ÂÐÅÌß ÂÐÅÌß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ
ÂÐÅÌß ÂÐÎÆÄÅÍÍÛÅ ÈÄÅÈ - òåðìèí ôèëîñîôñêîé òðàäèöèè, îçíà÷àþùèé ïîíÿòèÿ, êîòîðûå ïðèñóùè ìÀ.È. Øóìàí
ÂÑÅÅÄÈÍÑÒÂÎ - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå (èäåÿ, ïðèíöèï), ðàñêðûâàþùåå âíóòðåííåå îðãàíè÷åñêîå åäèÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÂÑÅÎÁÙÀß ÑÂßÇÜ ßÂËÅÍÈÉ - â êîíöåïöèÿõ ôèëîñîôñêîãî ìîíèçìà - íàèáîëåå îáùàÿ çàêîíîìåðíîñòüÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê
ÂÓËÜÃÀÐÍÛÉ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. vulgaris - óïðîùåííûé) - ïîíÿòèå, ââåäåííîå â îáèõîä ÝíãåëüñîÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà
ÂÓËÜÔ Ìîèñåé Âëàäèìèðîâè÷ (1878-1971) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÓÍÄÒ (Wundt) Âèëüãåëüì Ìàêñ (1832-1920), íåìåöêèé ïñèõîëîã, ôèçèîëîã, ôèëîñîô è ÿçûêîâåä.Ä.Â. Åðìîëîâ÷÷
ÂÛÃÎÒÑÊÈÉ Ëåâ Ñåìåíîâè÷ (1896-1934) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõîëîã. Ïðîôåññîð. Îêîí÷èë þðèäè÷åñêèé Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÛÐÓÁΠÍèêîëàé Àëåêñååâè÷ (1869-1918) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõèàòð, íåâðîëîã è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. ÎäÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÛÑÎÖÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Ñåìåíîâè÷ (1938-1980) - ðîññèéñêèé ïîýò. Òâîð÷åñòâî Â. êàê ôåíîìåí îòå÷å© Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî, © À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÂÛÒÅÑÍÅÍÈÅ, ïîäàâëåíèå, ðåïðåññèÿ (ïîçäíåëàò. repressio - ïîäàâëåíèå) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå ÔðåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÂÛØÅÑËÀÂÖÅ Áîðèñ Ïåòðîâè÷ (1877-1954) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ýêñòðàîðäèíàðíûé ïðîôåññîð ÌîñêîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÀÂÐÈÈË àðõèìàíäðèò (â ìèðó Âîñêðåñåíñêèé Âàñèëèé Íèêîëàåâè÷) (1795-1868) - ðóññêèé áîãîñëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÀÄÀÌÅÐ (Gadamer) Ãàíñ-Ãåîðã (ð. 1900) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ôèëîñîÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà
ÃÀËÈËÅÉ (Galilei) Ãàëèëåî (1564-1642) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü ýïîõè Âîçðîæäåíèÿ, ôèçèê, îñÀ.À. Êðóãëîå ÃÀÐÌÎÍÈß (ãðå÷. armonia - ñâÿçàííîñòü è ñîðàçìåðíîñòü ÷àñòåé) - óñòàíîâêà êóëüòóðû, îðèåíòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÃÀÐÌÎÍÈß ÑÔÅÐ (ìóçûêà ñôåð) - ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèõ ìûñëèòåëåé î ìóçûêàëüíîì çâó÷àÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÀÐÎÄÈ (Garaudy) Ðîæå (ð. 1913) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ñòîðîííèê "ïåðñîíàëèñòñêîãî ìàðêñèçÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÀÐÒÌÀÍ (Hartmann) Íèêîëàé (1882-1950) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô. Ðîäèëñÿ â Ðèãå. Îáó÷àëñÿ â ÏåòåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÀÐÒÌÀÍ (Hartmann) Ýäóàðä (1842-1906) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîçäàòåëü "ôèëîñîôèè áåññîçíàòåëÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÃÀÑÑÅÍÄÈ (Gassendi) Ïüåð (1592-1655) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ìàòåìàòèê.  1614 ïîëó÷èë ñòåÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÂÀÐÄÈÍÈ (Guardini) Ðîìàíî (1885-1968) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è òåîëîã èòàëüÿíñêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÂÀÒÒÀÐÈ (Guattari) Ôåëèêñ (1930-1992) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõèàòð. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÃÅÃÅËÜ (Hegel) Ãåîðã Âèëüãåëüì Ôðèäðèõ (1770-1831) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîçäàòåëü ôèëîñîôñêÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÃÅÑÑÅ (Hesse) Ãåðìàí (1877-1962) - øâåéöàðñêî-ãåðìàíñêèé (îòêàçàëñÿ îò íåìåöêîãî ïîääàíñòâÍ.Ë. Êàöóê
ÃÅÄÎÍÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. hedone - íàñëàæäåíèå) - ýòè÷åñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà, ñ ò.çð. êîòîðîé îñíîâîé ïðèðîÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÃÅÊÊÅËÜ (Haechel) Ýðíñò (1834-1919) - íåìåöêèé áèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð Èåíñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà (18Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÃÅËÅÍ (Gehlen) Àðíîëüä (1904-1976) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ôèëîñîôñêîé àíòÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÃÅËÜÂÅÖÈÈ (Helvetius) Êëîä Àäðèàí (1715-1771) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, êðóïíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÃÅËÜÄÅÐËÈÍ (Holderlin) Èîãàíí Õðèñòèàí Ôðèäðèõ (1770-1843) - âûäàþùèéñÿ íåìåöêèé ïîýò è ìûÈ.Â. Æóê
ÒÅÍÄÅÐ (àíãë. gender - ðîä, ÷àùå âñåãî ãðàììàòè÷åñêèé) - ïîíÿòèå, èñïîëüçóåìîå â ñîöèàëüíûÅ.È. ßí÷óê.
ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ (ãðå÷. - genesis) - ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, ñòàíîâëåíèå è ðàçâèòèå, ðåçóëüòàòîì êîòîðîãî ÿâÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÃÅÍÅÐÀËÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. generalis - îáùèé, ãëàâíûé) - 1) ëîãè÷åñêèé ïðèåì, ïðåäóñìàòðèâàþùèé îÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÃÅÍÎÍ (Guenon) Ðåíå (1886-1951) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, èññëåäîâàòåëü ò.íàç. Ñàêðàëüíîé òÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÅÎÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ - ïîíÿòèå, ââåäåííîå â çàïàäíî-åâðîïåéñêóþ èíòåëëåêòóàëüíóþ òðàäèöèþ øâåäñêèì À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÅÎÖÅÍÒÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. geos - çåìëÿ è ëàò. centrum - öåíòð) - ó÷åíèå, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîìó Çåìëÿ À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ ÃÅÐÀÊËÈÒ èç Ýôåñà (544/540/535-483/480/475) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü ïåðâîé èÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÃÅÐÁÀÐÒ (Herbart) Èîãàíí Ôðèäðèõ (1776-1841) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîëîã, ïåäàãîã. ÏðîôåñÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÃÅÐÄÅÐ (Herder) Èîãàíí Ãîòôðèä (1744-1803) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü. Îñíîâíûå ñî÷èíÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÃÅÐÌÅÍÅÂÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. hermeneia - òîëêîâàíèå) - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè è ãóìàíèòàðíûõ íàóêàÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÃÅÐÎÅÂ è ÒÎËÏÛ òåîðèè - ñîâîêóïíîñòü êîíöåïöèé, ñòðåìÿùèõñÿ âûÿâèòü ðåàëüíîãî ñóáúåêòà ñîöÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÃÅÐÖÅÍ Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷ (Èñêàíäåð) (1812-1870) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, îáùåñòâåííûéÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÅÐØÅÍÇÎÍ Ìèõàèë Îñèïîâè÷ (1869-1925) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê, êóëüòóðîëîã, ôèëîñîô. Â 1887 ïîñòÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÅÑÑÅ - ñì. Ïðèëîæåíèå
ÃÅÑÑÅÍ Ñåðãåé Èîñèôîâè÷ (1887-1950) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïåäàãîã, ïðàâîâåä. Ó÷èëñÿ â ÃåéäåëüÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÅÒÅ (Goethe) Èîãàíí Âîëüôãàíã (1749-1832) - íåìåöêèé ïîýò, ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ó÷åíûé è ôèëîñîôÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÃÅØÒÀËÜÒ-ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß - îäíî èç âåäóùèõ íàïðàâëåíèé â çàïàäíîé ïñèõîëîãèè. Ïîÿâèëîñü â êîíöåÑ.Ñ. Õàðèí
ÃÅØÒÀËÜÒ-ÒÅÐÀÏÈß - îäíî èç ñîâðåìåííûõ è ïîñòîÿííî ðàçâèâàþùèõñÿ è ñîâåðøåíñòâóþùèõñÿ ïñèõÑ.Ñ. Õàðèí
ÃÈÄÄÅÍÑ (Giddens) Ýíòîíè (ð. 1938) - áðèòàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïîëèòîëîã. Ñ 1961 - ïðåïîäàâàòåÅ.À. Óãðèíîâè÷
ÃÈÉÎÌ (Guillaume) Ãþñòàâ (1883-1960) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ëèíãâèñò, àâòîð èäåè è êîíöåïöèè ïñèõîìÞ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê
ÃÈËÅÎÌÎÐÔÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. hile - ìàòåðèÿ, morphe - ôîðìà) - íîâîåâðîïåéñêîå îáîçíà÷åíèå (îêîí÷àòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÃÈËÎÇÎÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. hyle - âåùåñòâî, ìàòåðèÿ è zoe - æèçíü) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ, ïðèçíàþùÅ.Â. Íåòóøêîâà
ÃÈÏÀÒÈß, Èïàòèÿ (Hypatia) Àëåêñàíäðèéñêàÿ (370-415) - ãðå÷åñêèé ìàòåìàòèê, ôèëîñîô. ÐóêîâîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÈÏÎÑÒÀÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ (ãðå÷. hypostasis - ñóùíîñòü, ñóáñòàíöèÿ) - ðàññìîòðåíèå àáñòðàêòíûõ îáúåÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÃÈÏÎÒÅÇÀ (ãðå÷. hypothesis - îñíîâàíèå, ïðåäïîëîæåíèå) - ôîðìà îðãàíèçàöèè íàó÷íîãî çíàíèÿÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÈÏÎÒÅÒÈÊÎ-ÄÅÄÓÊÒÈÂÍÛÉ ìåòîä - ìåòîä ïîëó÷åíèÿ íîâîãî çíàíèÿ è ìåòîä ðàçâåðòûâàíèÿ òåîðèè,Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃËAKMAH (Gluckman) Ìàêñ (1911-1975) - áðèòàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã. Ðîäèëñÿ â Þæíîé Àôðèêå â åâðåÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÃËÓÁÈÍÍÀß ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß - ñîáèðàòåëüíîå ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîçíà÷àþò ðÿä ðàçëè÷íû
Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÃÍÎÇÈÑ (ãðå÷. gnosis - ïîçíàíèå, çíàíèå) - öåíòðàëüíàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ãíîñòèöèçìà - ýêëåêòè÷åñêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÃÍÎÑÅÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. gnosis - çíàíèå, logos - ó÷åíèå) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, çàíèìàþùàÿñÿÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
ÃÎÁÁÑ (Hobbes) Òîìàñ (1588-1679) - àíãëèéñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü è ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë ÎÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÎËÎÑÎÂÊÅÐ ßêîâ Ýììàíóèëîâè÷ (1890-1967) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã, ôèëîëîã. Ó÷èëñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÎËÜÁÀÕ (Holbach) Ïîëü Àíðè (1723-1789) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé øêîëû ôÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÃÎËÜÄÌÀÍ (Goldmann) Ëþñüåí (1913-1970) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ãåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÎÌÅÎÑÒÀÇ, ãîìåîñòàçèñ (ãðå÷. homois - ïîäîáíûé, îäèíàêîâûé è stasis - íåïîäâèæíûé, ñîñòîÿÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà
ÃÎÐÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1886-1943) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïîýò. Îêîí÷èë äóõîâíîåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÃÎÑÏÈÒÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. hospitalis - ãîñòåïðèèìíûé; ãîñïèòàëü - ëå÷åáíîå ó÷ðåæäåíèå) - â áóêâàëüÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÎ - îñíîâíîé èíñòèòóò ïîëèòè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû, íàäåëåííûé âûñøåé çàêîíîäàòåëüíîé âëB.C. Òàðàñîâ
ÃÎÓËÄÍÅÐ (Gouldner) Àëâèí (1920-1980) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã íåîìàðêñèñòñêîé îðèåíòàöèè. Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÎÔÌÀÍ (Goffman) Èðâèíã (1922-1982) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïñèõîëîã. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ñèìÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíñî
ÃÐÀÆÄÀÍÑÊÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå ðÿäà ãóìàíèòàðíûõ äèñöèïëèí, ñîäåðæàíèå êîòîðîãî îõâàòûâàåòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÐÀÌØÈ (Gramsci) Àíòîíèî (1891-1937) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîëèòîëîã, ñîöèîëîã, ïîëèòè÷åñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÐÀÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ Òèìîôåé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1813-1855) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê, ôèëîñîô, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëüÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÐÎÄÍÅÍÑÊÈÅ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÑÊÈÅ ÒÐÀÊÒÀÒÛ - êîìïëåêñ ôèëîñîôñêèõ êóðñîâ èç ã. Ãðîäíî 17-18 ââ. ðàçëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÃÐÎÒ Íèêîëàé ßêîâëåâè÷ (1852-1899) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã.  1875 îêîí÷èë èñòîðèêî-ôÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî ÃÐÎÖÈÉ Ãóãî äå Ãðîîò (Grotius, de Groot) (1583-1645) - ãîëëàíäñêèé ãóìàíèñò, òåîðåòèê ïðàâÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÃÐÓÏÏÀ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÃÐÓÏÏÀ ÃÐÓÏÏÎÂÎÉ
ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ, ãðóïïîâîé àíàëèç, ãðóïïîâàÿ àíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ òåðàïèÿ - îäíîâðåìåííîå ëå÷åíèå ãðóÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÃÐÞÍÁÀÓÌ (Grunbaum) Àäîëüô (ð. 1923) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô íàóêè íåìåöêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ.À.À. Ãðèöèíîâ
ÃÓÌÀÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. humanitas - ÷åëîâå÷íîñòü) - ìèðîâîççðåíèå àíòðîïîöåíòðèçìà (õàðàêòåðíîãî åùÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÓÌÀÍÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß - íàïðàâëåíèå ñîâðåìåííîé ïñèõîëîãèè, âñå åùå íå ÿâëÿþùååñÿ ñòðÄ.Â. Åðìîëîâè÷
ÃÓÌÀÍÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÐÅËÈÃÈß (ëàò. humanus - ÷åëîâå÷íûé è ëàò. religio - íàáîæíîñòü) - ïî ÔðîììÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÃÓÌÀÍÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ëàò. humanus - ÷åëîâå÷íûé, ÷åëîâåêîëþáèâûé è ïñèõîàíàëèç) - ñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÃÓÌÁÎËÜÄÒ (Humboldt) Âèëüãåëüì ôîí (1767-1835) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ÿçûêîâåä, ãîñóäàðñòâåííÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÓÌÈËÅÂ Ëåâ Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1912-1992) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê-ýòíîëîã, ôèëîñîô, àâòîð îðèãèíàëüíîé Â.Í. Ôóðå
ÃÓÌÏËÎÂÈ× (Gumplowich) Ëþäâèã (1838-1909) - ïîëüñêî-àâñòðèéñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïðàâîâåä, ïðåïîÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê
ÃÓÐÂÈ× (Gurvitch) Ãåîðãèé Äàâûäîâè÷ (Æîðæ) (1894-1965) - ôðàíöóçñêèé è ðîññèéñêèé ñîöèîëîãÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî ÃÓÐÄÆÈÅ Ãåîðãèé Èâàíîâè÷ (1872/1873/1877-1949) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü.  þíîñòè ó Ã. ïîÿâëÿåÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÃÓÑÑÅÐËÜ (Husserl) Ýäìóíä (1859-1938) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü ôåíîìåíîëîãèè, îäíà èÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÃÝËÁÐÅÉÒ (Galbraith) Äæîí Êåííåò (ð. 1908) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ýêîíîìèñò, ñîöèîëîã, À.À. Áàêàíîâ, Ì.Ã. Áàêàíîâà
ÄÀÂÈÄ ÀÍÀÕÒ (ÍÅÏÎÁÅÄÈÌÛÉ) (îê. 475 -1 ïîë. 6 â.) - àðìÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô-íåîïëàòîíèê. Ïîëó÷èë îÂ.Ô. Âåðíîå
ÄÀÄÀÈÇÌ - íàïðàâëåíèå â ìîäåðíèçìå, êóëüòèâèðóåìîå â ïåðèîä ñ 1916 ïî 1921 è ñâÿçàííîå ñ èÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÄÀÌÈÀÍÈ Ïåòð - ñì. ÏÅÒÐ ÄÀÌÈÀÍÈ
ÄÀÍÈËÅÂÑÊÈÉ Íèêîëàé ßêîâëåâè÷ (1822-1885) - ðóññêèé ïóáëèöèñò, ñîöèàëüíûé ìûñëèòåëü, êóëüÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÄÀÍÒÅ Àëèãüåðè (Dante Alighieri) (1265-1321) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ïîýò îáùååâðîïåéñêîãî è ìèðîâîãÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî ÄÀÎ (êèò. - Áîã, ñëîâî, ëîãîñ, ïóòü) - ïîíÿòèå äðåâíåêèòàéñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, îáîçíà÷àþùåå òî,À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÀÎÑÈÇÌ - ó÷åíèå î äàî èëè "ïóòè âåùåé". Êàê îñîáàÿ ñèñòåìà ôèëîñîôñòâîâàíèÿ âîçíèêàåò â ÊÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÀÐÂÈÍ (Darwin) ×àðëüç Ðîáåðò (1809-1882) - áðèòàíñêèé åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, àâòîð òåîðèè ïðÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÄÀÐÅÍÄÎÐÔ (Darendorf) Ðàëüô (ð. 1929) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïîëèòîëîã, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëüÍ.Â. Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷
ÄÂÀ ÂÈÄÀ (ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ) ÎÐÈÅÍÒÀÖÈÈ - â ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêîì ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðîììà, äâå îñíîâíûå óñòðåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÄÂÈÆÅÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèå ïðîöåññóàëüíîãî ôåíîìåíà, îõâàòûâàþùåãî âñå òèïû èçìåíåíèé è âçàèìîäåéñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÄÂÎÉÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÈÑÒÈÍÛ òåîðèÿ - ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîå â ñðåäíèå âåêà ôèëîñîôñêîå ïðåäïîëîæåíèå î ïÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ
ÄÅÁÎÐÈÍ (Èîôôå) Àáðàì Ìîèñååâè÷ (1881-1963) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô.  1908 îêîí÷èë ôèëîñîôñêB.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÅÂÈÀÍÒÍÀß ÍÀÓÊÀ - ñì. ÏÀÐÀÍÀÓ×ÍÎÅ ÇÍÀÍÈÅ ÄÅÄÓÊÖÈß (ëàò. deductio - âûâåäåíèå) - â øèðîêîìÂ.Ô. Âåðíîå
ÄÅÈÇÌ (ëàò. deus - áîã) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ ïàðàäèãìà ñèíòåçà ñöèåíòèñòñêè îðèåíòèðîâàííîãî ðàöèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
âàí ÄÅÉÊ (Dijk) Òîéí À. (ð. 1943) - ãîëëàíäñêèé ëèíãâèñò, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ëèíãâèñòèêè Ä.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÄÅÊÀÁÐÈÑÒÛ - îðãàíèçàòîðû íåóäàâøåãîñÿ âîîðóæåííîãî ìÿòåæà â Ðîññèè â äåêàáðå 1825, ïðåäñòÀ .À. Ã ðèöèíîâ, À.È. Ìåðöàëîâà
ÄÅÊÀÄÅÍÒÑÒÂÎ (ôðàíö. decadence - ðàçëîæåíèå, óïàäîê) - ïîíÿòèå èñòîðè÷åñêîé, èñòîðèêî-ôèëîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÅÊÀÐÒ (Descartes) Ðåíå (ëàòèíèçèðîâ. èìÿ - Êàðòåçèé; Renatus Cartesius) (1596-1650) - ôðàÅ.À. Àëåêñååâà, Ò.Ì. Òóçîâà
ÄÅÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈß - íàïðàâëåíèå ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèñòñêîãî êðèòèöèçìà, ñâÿçûâàåìîå ñ ðàáîòàìè ôðàíÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ
ÄÅËÅÇ (Deleuze) Æèëü (1925-1995) - îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ôðàíöóçñêîãî ïîñòñòðóÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÄÅÌÈÓÐà (ãðå÷. demiurgos - èçãîòàâëèâàþùèé âåùè, ðàáîòíèê, òâîðåö) - ó äðåâíèõ ãðåêîâ - ñâÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÄÅÌÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÂÇÐÛ - ðåçêîå óñêîðåíèå ðîñòà ÷èñëåííîñòè íàñåëåíèÿ èç-çà óñòàíîâëåíèÿ ïðÅ.À. Êå÷èíà
ÄÅÌÎÃÐÀÔÈß (ãðå÷. demos - íàðîä, grafo - ïèøó) - íàóêà î çàêîíîìåðíîñòÿõ âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà íÅ.À. Êå÷èíà
ÄÅÌÎÊÐÈÒ èç Àáäåð (460 - îêîëî 370 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, ó÷åíûé-ýíöèêëîïåäèñÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÄÅÍÎÒÀÒ (ëàò. de-notation - îáîçíà÷åíèå) - ìíîæåñòâî ïðåäìåòîâ, îáîçíà÷àåìûõ äàííûì èìåíåìÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÄÅÎÍÒÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. deon - äîëãæíîå è logos - ó÷åíèå, ñëîâî) - êîíöåïöèÿ, ðàçäåë ýòè÷åñêîé À.È. Ëîéêî
ÄÅÐÐÈÄÀ (Derrida) Æàê (ð. 1930) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è êóëüòóðîëîã. Ïðåïîäàâàë â ÑîðáîííåÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ
ÄÅÑÈÃÍÀÒ (ëàò. designatio - îáîçíà÷åíèå) - èäåàëüíûé îáúåêò, îáîçíà÷àåìûé äàííûì èìåíåì, âÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÄÅÑÒÐÓÄÎ (ëàò. destructio - ðàçðóøåíèå, íàðóøåíèå íîðìàëüíîé ñòðóêòóðû ÷åãî-ëèáî) - â ïñèõÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÄÅÑÒÐÓÊÖÈß - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé îíòîëîãèè Õàéäåããåðà. Ïîíÿòèå Ä. Â.Ï. Ñåìåíîâà
ÄÅÒÅÐÌÈÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. determino - îïðåäåëÿþ) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå î çàêîíîìåðíîé óíèâåðñàëüíîéÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà
ÄÅÔÈÍÈÖÈß (ëàò. definitio - îïðåäåëåíèå) - ëîãè÷åñêàÿ îïåðàöèÿ: 1) ðàñêðûâàþùàÿ ñîäåðæàíèåÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ - îäèí èç âàæíåéøèõ àòðèáóòîâ áûòèÿ ÷åëîâåêà, ñâÿçàííûé ñ öåëåíàïðàâëåííûì èçÀ.È. Ëîéêî
ÄÆÀÉÍÈÇÌ (ñàíñêð. äæèíà - ïîáåäèòåëü) - îäíà èç äðåâíåéøèõ ðåëèãèé Èíäèè, âîçíèêøàÿ â 6 â.À.À. Êðóãëîå
ÄÆÅÌÑ (ÄÆÅÉÌÑ) (James) Óèëüÿì (1842-1910) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô, ïðîôåññîð (ïð
íûé ýêâèâàëåíò âîéíû" (1904), "Ïðàãìàòèçì - íîâîå íàçâàíèå íåêîòîðûõ ñòàðûõ ñïîñîáîâ ìûøëåíèÿ"À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÆÅÍÒÈËÅ (Gentile) Äæîâàííè (1875-1944) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô, íåîãåãåëüÿíåö, îñíîâàòåëü "Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÄÆÈËÀÑ (Jilas) Ìèëîâàí (1911-1995) - þãîñëàâñêèé ïèñàòåëü, ìûñëèòåëü, îáùåñòâåííûé è ïîëèòâ þãîñëàâñêèõ òþðüìàõ. Â èññëåäîâàíèÿõ "Íîâûé êëàññ" (1957), "Íåñîâåðøåííîå îáùåñòâî" (1969), À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÈÀËÅÊÒÈÊÀ - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïòóàëèçàöèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ, ïîíÿòîãî êàê â îíòîëîãè÷åñêîì, òàê è âÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÄÈÀËÅÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÒÅÎËÎÃÈß - âåäóùåå íàïðàâëåíèå â òåîëîãèè ïðîòåñòàíòèçìà â 1920-30-å. Âîçíè(1892-1971). Íà÷àëî ýâîëþöèè Ä.Ò. îòíîñÿò ê âûõîäó â ñâåò ðàáîòû Ê. Áàðòà "Ïîñëàíèå ê ðèìëÿíàìÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÄÈÀËÅÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÈÇÌ - ñàìîîáîçíà÷åíèå äèàëåêòè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè îáúåêòèâèñòñêîãî òèïÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ
ÄÈÀËÎà (ãðå÷. dialogos - áåñåäà) - èíôîðìàòèâíîå è ýêçèñòåíöèàëüíîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ìåæäó êÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÄÈÀËÎÃÈÇÌ - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíû 20 â., ñòàâèâøåå öåëüþ ñîçäàíèå íîâîãîÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÄÈÀÕÐÎÍÍÎÑÒÜ è ÑÈÍÕÐÎÍÍÎÑÒÜ - ñïåöèôè÷åñêèå ÿçûêîâåä÷åñêèå è ëèòåðàòóðîâåä÷åñêèå ïîíÿòèÿ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷
ÄÈÄÐÎ (Diderot) Äåíè (1713-1784) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è èäåîëîã Ïðîñâåùåíèÿ, ïèñàòåëü, òåíîãî" õàðàêòåðà íàèáîëåå çíà÷èòåëüíûõ ãèïîòåç, òðåáóþùèõ äëÿ ñâîåãî âûäâèæåíèÿ "áîëüøîãî âîîáðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÄÈÊÒÀÒÓÐÀ ÏÐÎËÅÒÀÐÈÀÒÀ - ïîíÿòèå, âïåðâûå óïîòðåáëåííîå Ìàðêñîì â ðàáîòå "Êëàññîâàÿ áîðüáàË.Ñ. Äóäèíñêèé
ÄÈËÅÌÌÀ - (ãðå÷. di - äâàæäû, ëàò. - lemma - ïðåäïîëîæåíèå - äâîéíîå ïðåäïîëîæåíèå) - ñóæäÌ.Ð. Äèñüêî
ÄÈËÜÒÅÉ (Dilthey) Âèëüãåëüì (1833-1911) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîëîã è èñòîðèê êóëüòóðû. ÏÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÄÈÎÃÅÍ ËÀÝÐÒÈÉ (êîíåö 2-3 â.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé èñòîðèê ôèëîñîôèè, àâòîð êðóïíåéøåãî èç äîÀ.Â. Ïàøêåâè÷
ÄÈÎÃÅÍ ÑÈÍÎÏÑÊÈÉ (îê. 404 - îê. 323 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, ó÷åíèê è ïîñëåäîâàÀ.Â. Âàøêåâè÷
ÄÈÑÊÓÐÑ (ôðàíö. discour - ðå÷ü) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå ñëîâà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñëîæíîå åäèíñòÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÄÈÑÊÓÐÑÈÂÍÛÉ (ïîçäíåëàò. discursus - ðàññóæäåíèå, äîâîä) - ðàññóäî÷íûé, ïîíÿòèéíûé, ëîãè÷åÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈß
ÄÈÔÔÓÇÈÎÍÈÇÌ - íàïðàâëåíèå â êóëüòóðíîé àíòðîïîëîãèè, ñôîðìèðîâàâøååñÿ íà ðóáåæå 19-20 ââ.Ï.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÄÎÁÐÎ è ÇËÎ - êàòåãîðèè ýòèêè è ïîíÿòèÿ ìîðàëüíîãî ñîçíàíèÿ, â ïðåäåëüíî îáùåé ôîðìå ïîêàçÍ.Ã. Ñåâàñòüÿíîâà
ÄÎÁØÅÂÈ× Áåíåäèêò (1722-1794) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýêëåêòè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè â Áåëàðóñè è Ëèòâå, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÄÎÂÃÈÐÄ Àíèîë (1776-1835) - áåëîðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïðåïîäàâàòåëü ôèëîñîôèè, êàòîëè÷åñêèé ñÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÄÎÃÌÀÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. dogma - ìíåíèå, ó÷åíèå, ïîñòàíîâëåíèå) - òåðìèí, ââåäåííûé äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèÐ.Í. Äîæäèêîâà
ÄÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ ÁÛÒÈß ÁÎÃÀ - îáîñíîâàíèÿ èñòèííîñòè òåçèñà î ñóùåñòâîâàíèè áûòèÿ Áîãà, ïðàêÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÄÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜÑÒÂÎ - îáîñíîâàíèå èñòèííîñòè êàêîãî-ëèáî ïîëîæåíèÿ. Ä. (â ëîãèêå) - ðàññóæäåíèåëåíû îñíîâíûå îøèáêè ïðè èõ íàðóøåíèè.  ÷àñòíîñòè, òåçèñ äîëæåí áûòü ÿñíûì è òî÷íûì; äîëæåí îÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ
ÄÎÊÒÎÐ (ëàò. - doctor) - ïî÷åòíûé òèòóë âåäóùèõ òåîëîãîâ è ôèëîñîôîâ ñðåäíåâåêîâüÿ: doctorÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÄÎËà - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû, ýòè÷åñêîå è ñîöèàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå; ìåõàíèçì, âêëþ÷àþùèé ìîðàëüíîÀ.È. Ëîéêî
ÄÎÑÎÊÐÀÒÈÊÈ - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèå ôèëîñîôû ðàííåãî ïåðèîäà (6-5 ââ. äî í.ý.), à òàêæå èõ ïðååìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÎÑÒÎÅÂÑÊÈÉ Ôåäîð Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1821-1881) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü, ìûñëèòåëü-ãóìàíèñò. Îñíîâíûå À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÐÓÃÎÉ - ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè 20 â., ôèêñèðóþùåå íåêîòîðûé îïûò âñòðå÷è ß ñ ïîäîáíîé åìó ñóùíÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÄÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. dualis - äâîéñòâåííûé) - 1) ôèëîñîôñêàÿ èíòåðïðåòàöèîííàÿ ïàðàäèãìà, ôóíäèðîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÄÓÍÑ ÑÊÎÒ - ñì. ÈÎÀÍÍ ÄÓÍÑ ÑÊÎÒ ÄÓØÀ (ãðå÷. psyche, ëàò. anima): 1.  ðåëèãèè ïîä Ä. ïîíèìÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÄÕÀÐÌÀ (ñàíñêð. dharma, òèá. chos, êèò. fa., ÿï. ho - çàêîí, ðåëèãèÿ, äîëã, äîêòðèíà, áëàãÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÄÜÞÈ (Dewey) Äæîí (1859-1920) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñèñòåìàòèçàòîð ïðàãìàòèçìà, ñîçäàòåëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÞÐÈÍà (During) Åâãåíèé (1833-1921) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ýêîíîìèñò, ïðîôåññîð ìåõàíèêè. ÎñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÄÞÐÊÃÅÉÌ (Durkheim) Ýìèëü (1858-1917) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, ðîäîíà÷àëüíèê ôðàí÷åëîâå÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ, åå ïðîäóêòàìè ïðåäïîëàãàåò çàâèñèìîñòü ÷ëåíîâ îáùåñòâà äðóã îò äðóÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê
ÅÂÃÅÍÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. eugenes - áëàãîðîäíûé, õîðîøåãî ðîäà) - ó÷åíèå î íàñëåäñòâåííîì çäîðîâÅ.À. Êå÷èíà
ÅÂÐÀÇÈÉÑÒÂÎ - ãåîïîëèòè÷åñêîå è ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå è èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîå äâèæåíèå, À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÅÂÐÎÏÎÖÅÍÒÐÈÇÌ - èñòîðèêî-êóëüòóðíàÿ è ãåîïîëèòè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ, ïîñòóëèðóþùàÿ è îáîñíîâûñòè÷åñêóþ ÷àñòè. Ìåæäó íèìè ðàçâåðíóëîñü îñòðîå ãåîïîëèòè÷åñêîå è â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ îïîñðåäîâàííîË.Å. Ëîéêî
ÅÂÕÀÐÈÑÒÈß (ãðå÷. evcharistia - áëàãîäàðåíèå) - ãëàâíûé îáðÿä õðèñòèàíñêîãî áîãîñëóæåíèÿ, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÅÃÈÏÅÒÑÊÀß "ÊÍÈÃÀ ÌÅÐÒÂÛÕ" - îäíî èç äðåâíåéøèõ äîøåäøèõ äî íàøåãî âðåìåíè ñîáðàíèé äðåâíåÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ
ÅËÅÍÑÊÈÉÈîñèô (Àëåêñåé) Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1756-1813) - ñîöèàëüíûé ìûñëèòåëü è ðåôîðìàòîð, ïðåäñòÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÅÐÅÑÈ (ãðå÷. hairesis; ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî - îòáîð, ïîçæå - ó÷åíèå, øêîëà, ðåëèãèîçíàÿ ñåêòà) - À.À. Êðóãëîå
ÅÐÌÀÊΠÈâàí Äìèòðèåâè÷ (ïñåâäîíèì - Èâåðì) (1875-1942) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê.Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÅÐÎÔÅÅ Âåíåäèêò Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1938-1990) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü, êóëüòîâàÿ ôèãóðà ðîññèéñêîãî èÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ
ÅÑÒÅÑÒÂÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - îáîçíà÷åíèå òðàäèöèîííîé ñîâîêóïíîñòè íàóê î ïðèðîäå, îðèåíòèðîâàííîé íà Ï.Ñ. Êàðàêî
ÅÔÐÎÑÈÍÜß ÏÎËÎÖÊÀß (ñâåòñêîå èìÿ Ïðåäñëàâà, îê. 1110-1173) - äî÷ü ïîëîöêîãî êíÿçÿ Ãåîðãèÿ Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÆÀÍ ÁÓÐÈÄÀÍ (Buridan) (îê. 1300-îê. 1358) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íîìÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÆÀÍÅ (Janet) Ïüåð (1859-1947) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ïñèõèàòð è íåâðîïàòîëîã. Äîêòîð ìåäèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÆÅËÅ Æåëþ (ð. 1935) - áîëãàðñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü, Ïðåçèäåíò Áîëãàðèè (19À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
"ÆÈÇÍÅÍÍÛÉ ÌÈÐ" (Lebenswelt) - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ïîçäíåé ôåíîìåíîëîãèè Ãóññåðëÿ,ãî êðèçèñà, Ãóññåðëü ãîâîðèò î "çàáëóæäåíèÿõ" åâðîïåéñêîãî îäíîñòîðîííåãî ðàöèîíàëèçìà, çàïóòàÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÆÈÇÍÜ - 1) Òåðìèí êëàññè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, ôèêñèðóþùèé ñïîñîá áûòèÿ íàäåëåííûõ âíóòðåííåé àÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî
ÆÈËÜÑÎÍ (Gilson) Ýòüåí Àíðè (1884-1978) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ ïðåäñòàâÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÇÀÊÎÍ - ñóùåñòâåííàÿ, íåîáõîäèìàÿ, óñòîé÷èâàÿ, ïîâòîðÿþùàÿñÿ ñâÿçü (îòíîøåíèå) ìåæäó ÿâëåíÒ.Ê. Ñàìóùèê
ÇÀËÊÈÍÄ Àðîí Áîðèñîâè÷ (1886-1936) - ðîññèéñêèé âðà÷ è ïñèõîëîã.  1910 èçó÷àë âîçìîæíîñòèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÇÀËÓÑÑÊÈÉ Ëóêà (1604-1676) - áåëîðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïåäàãîã, âñòóïèë â îðäåí èåçóèòîâ â 162Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÇÀÏÀÄÍÈ×ÅÑÒÂÎ (ÅÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÒÂÎ) - òå÷åíèå ðóññêîé îáùåñòâåííîé ìûñëè 40-60-õ 19 â., ïðîòèâîñòîÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÇÅÍÎÍ Ýëåéñêèé (îê. 490 - îê. 430 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýëåéñêñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ê íåäîñòîâåðíîñòè. Ôàêò ïðîòèâîðå÷èÿ ìåæäó äàííûìè îïûòà, ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû, è èõÌ.Ð. Äèñúêî
ÇÅÍÎÍ-ÑÒÎÈÊ (346/336/333-264/262 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô (èç Êèòèîíà íà Êèïðå).À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÇÅÍÜÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ Âàñèëèé Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1881-1962) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è áîãîñëîâ. Îêîí÷èë èñòîðèêî-Ä.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÇÈÇÀÍÈÉ (Òóñòàíîâñêèé) Ëàâðåíòèé (îê. 1560-1634) ïåäàãîã-ãóìàíèñò, ôèëîëîã, öåðêîâíûé ïðàâÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÇÈÇÀÍÈÉ (Òóñòàíîâñêèé) Ñòåôàí (2-ÿ ïîë. 16-íà÷. 17 â.) - áåëîðóññêèé ïåäàãîã-ãóìàíèñò, ïèñÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÇÈÌÌÅËÜ (Simmå1) Ãåîðã (1858-1918) íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã. Îñíîâîïîëîæíèíîñòíîé èäåíòè÷íîñòè è åå âûðàæåíèå â ñóáúåêòèâíîé êóëüòóðå. Äóõ, îïðåäìåòèâøèñü, íà÷èíàåò ïðî
Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÇÍÀÊ - ìàòåðèàëüíûé, ÷óâñòâåííî âîñïðèíèìàåìûé ïðåäìåò (ñîáûòèå, äåéñòâèå èëè ÿâëåíèå), âûÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÇÍÀÍÅÖÊÈÉ (Znanietskij) Ôëîðèàí Âèòîëüä (1882-1958) - ïîëüñêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷
ÇÍÀÍÈÅ - ñåëåêòèâíàÿ (1), óïîðÿäî÷åííàÿ (2), îïðåäåëåííûì ñïîñîáîì (ìåòîäîì) ïîëó÷åííàÿ (3íå òîëüêî ñî 3., íî è ñ òàêèì êîíöåïòîì, êàê "íåçíàíèå". Åñëè â êëàññè÷åñêèõ ïîäõîäàõ íåçíàíèå© Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÇÍÎÑÊÀßí (1772-1833) - ôèëîñîô è ïîëèòýêîíîì. Ïðîèñõîäèë èç øëÿõåòñêîé ñåìüè ñ ÃðîäíåíùèíûÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÇÎËÎÒÎÅ ÏÐÀÂÈËÎ ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈß - ïî Ýðèêñîíó, ëþäè, âêëþ÷åííûå â ïðîöåññ ìåæëè÷íîñòíîãî âçàèìîäÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÇÎÌÁÀÐÒ (Sombard) Âåðíåð (1863-1941) - íåìåöêèé ýêîíîìèñò, èñòîðèê è ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô êóëÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê
ÇÎÐÎÀÑÒÐÈÇÌ (ÏÀÐÑÈÇÌ) - äóàëèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðåëèãèÿ, ñôîðìèðîâàâøàÿñÿ íà òåððèòîðèè Äðåâíåãî ÈðÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÈÁÍ ÐÓØÄ èëè Èáí Ðîøä (ëàòèíèçèðîâàííàÿ òðàíñêðèïöèÿ - Àâåððîýñ) Àáó-ë-Âàëèä Ìóõàììåä èáí À.À. Êðóãëîå
ÈÁÍ ÑÈÍÀ (ëàòèíèçèðîâàííàÿ òðàíñêðèïöèÿ - Àâèöåííà) Àáó Àëè Õóñåéí èáí Àáäàëëàõ (îê. 980-1À.À. Êðóãëîå
ÈÁÍ ÕÀËÜÄÓÍ Àáä àð-Ðàõìàí Àáó Çåéä (1332-1406) - àðàáñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé è îáùåñòâåííûé äÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÈÂÀÍÎÂ Ïîðôèðèé Êîðíååâè÷ (1898-1983) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ñîçäàòåëü îäíîé èç íàèáîëåå ýôôÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÈÂÀÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1867-1931) - ðóññêî-áåëîðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê ôèëîñîôèèÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷
ÈÃÐÀ - ðàçíîâèäíîñòü ôèçè÷åñêîé è èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ëèøåííàÿ ïðÿìîé ïðàêòè÷åñÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ
ÈÄÅÀË (ãðå÷. idea - îáðàçåö, íîðìà) - èäåàëüíûé îáðàç, èìåþùèé íîðìàòèâíûé õàðàêòåð è îïðåÀ.È. Ëîéêî
ÈÄÅÀËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÉ ÎÁÚÅÊÒ - ïîíÿòèå ìåòîäîëîãèè íàóêè, ðàñêðûâàþùåå ñïåöèôèêó ïîñòðîåíèÿ è ôâàíî, òî â íàóêàõ ñîöèîãóìàíèòàðíîãî öèêëà îíî ôàêòè÷åñêè áåðåò ñâîå íà÷àëî ñ ðóáåæà 19-20 ââ.À.È. Ëîéêî
ÈÄÅÀËÈÇÌ (ôð. idealisme îò ãð. idea - èäåÿ) - òåðìèí, ââåäåííûé â 18 â. äëÿ èíòåãðàëüíîãî ê êîðíþ "äîì"). Ó Ïëàòîíà ýòî íàõîäèò ñâîå âûðàæåíèå â èíòåðïðåòàöèè êðåàöèîííîãî ïðîöåññà êàêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÈÄÅÀËÜÍÎÅ - ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå, ñîäåðæàíèå êîòîðîãî îôîðìëÿåòñÿ â îïïîçèöèè "È. - ìàòåðèàÀ.È. Ëîéêî
ÈÄÅÀËÜÍÛÉ ÒÈÏ - ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, ïðåäëîæåííàÿ Ì. Âåáåðîì äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñòàòóñçíàíèè. Îïàñíîé îøèáêîé, äåçîðèåíòèðóþùåé èññëåäîâàíèå, Âåáåð ñ÷èòàë "ñìåøåíèå òåîðèè è èñòîðèÂ.Í. Ôóðå
ÈÄÅÀËÜÍÛÕ ÒÈÏΠÌÅÒÎÄ - ðàçðàáîòàí Ì. Âåáåðîì è èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ èì â ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß(ïîçäíåëàò. identifico - îòîæäåñòâëÿþ) - 1) îñîçíàíèå, ðàñïîçíàíèå ÷åãî-ëèáî,Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÈÄÅÎËÎÃÈß - ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî òðàäèöèîííî îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü èäåé, ìèôîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÈÄÅß - ïîíÿòèå, øèðîêî èñïîëüçóåìîå â ðàçëè÷íûõ ôèëîñîôñêèõ ñèñòåìàõ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ íàèáîÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÈÄÈÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ - ñì. ÂÈÍÄÅËÜÁÀÍÄ, ÈÑÒÎÐÈÖÈÇÌ.
ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß (ãðå÷. hieros - ñâÿùåííûé, arche - âëàñòü) - ïðèíöèï ñòðóêòóðíîé îðãàíèçàöèè ìíîãÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß
ÈÇÌÅÍÅÍÍÎÅ ÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - îñîáîå ñîñòîÿíèå ñîçíàíèÿ, ñóùåñòâåííî îòëè÷àþùååñÿ îò òîãî åãî ñîñòçâîëÿþùèå ñîçíàòåëüíî, íàöåëåííî âûçûâàòü òå èëè èíûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ È.Ñ. (éîãà, àóòîãåííàÿ òðåíèðîÃ.Ì. Êó÷èíñêèé
ÈÇÌÅÐÅÍÈÅ - ïðîöåäóðà ïðèñâîåíèÿ ñèìâîëîâ íàáëþäàåìûì îáúåêòàì â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ íåêîòîðûì Î.Â. Òåðåùåíêî
ÈÈÑÓÑ ÕÐÈÑÒÎÑ (ãðå÷. Iesous - êàëüêà èâðèòñê. Jesua, Jehosua - ïîìîùü ßõâå, ñïàñåíèå; ãðå÷ ÈËÜÅÍÊΠÝâàëüä Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1924-1979) - ðóññêèé ñîâåòñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñïåöèàëèñò ïî òåîðèè äÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÈËÜÈÍ Èâàí Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1883-1954) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ãîñóäàðñòâîâåä è îáùåñòâ
À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÈÌÌÀÍÅÍÒÍÛÉ (ëàò. immanens - ïðåáûâàþùèé âíóòðè) - ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ñâîéñòâî, âíóòðåíÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÈÍÀÊÎÑÒÜ (ãðå÷. heterores, ëàò. alterritas) - òåðìèí ôèëîñîôèè Ïëàòîíà ("Òèìåé", "ÏàðìåíèäÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÈÍÂÅÊÒÈÂÀ (àíãë, invective - îáëè÷èòåëüíàÿ ðå÷ü, áðàíü) - êóëüòóðíûé ôåíîìåí ñîöèàëüíîé äèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÈÍÂÅÐÑÈß (ëàò. inversio - ïåðåâîðà÷èâàíèå, ïåðåñòàíîâêà) - â ïñèõîëîãèè ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàÈ., èíâåðòèðîâàííûå ìóæ÷èíû ïåðåíîñÿò íà ìóæ÷èí âûçâàííîå æåíùèíàìè âîçáóæäåíèå, â ñèëó ÷åãî èÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÈÍÄÈÂÈÄ, ÈÍÄÈÂÈÄÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (îò ëàò. individum - íåäåëèìûé) - ïîíÿòèÿ, èñïîëüçóåìûå, êàê ïðàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÈÍÄÈÂÈÄÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. idividuum - íåäåëèìîå) - ôèëîñîôñêî-ýòè÷åñêèé ïðèíöèï, óòâåðæäàþùèé ïðÍ.Ã. Ñåâàñòüÿíîâà
ÈÍÄÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - îäíî èç îñíîâíûõ ñëàãàåìûõ ìèðîâîé ôèëîñîôèè, èñòîðèÿ êîòîðîé îõâàòûâîççðåí÷åñêèå êàòåãîðèè, ðàçðàáîòàííûå îðòîäîêñàëüíîé ìûñëüþ - ñàíñàðà, êàðìà, ìîêøà (áóääèéñêÂ.Í. Ôóðå
ÈÍÄÓÈÇÌ - ñàìàÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåííàÿ â ñîâðåìåííîé Èíäèè ðåëèãèÿ (ñâûøå 80% åå íàñåëåíèÿ; èíäóÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÈÍÄÓÊÖÈß (ëàò. inductio - íàâåäåíèå) - ìåòîä ïîçíàíèÿ, ñâÿçàííûé ñ îáîáùåíèåì íàáëþäåíèé èÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ
ÈÍÄÓÑÒÐÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - îäíà èç îñíîâíûõ êàòåãîðèé, â êîòîðûõ ñîâðåìåííûå ôèëîñîôû, ñîöèÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ
ÈÍÍÎÂÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ - ïðîöåññóàëüíî ñòðóêòóðèðîâàííàÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü ïðèåìîâÅ.Å. Êó÷êî
ÈÍÍÎÂÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÉ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ - ïðîöåññ ñîçäàíèÿ, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ è èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ íîâøåñòâà (ò.å. Å.Å. Êó÷êî
ÈÍÍÎÂÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. inovatio, àíãë. innovation - íîâîââåäåíèå) - ÿâëåíèÿ êóëüòóðû, êîòîðÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ
ÈÍÑÒÐÓÌÅÍÒÀËÈÇÌ - èñõîäíî - îäíà èç îñíîâíûõ ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèõ óñòàíîâîê ïðàãìàòèçìà, â áîëÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒ (ëàò. intellektus - ðàçóìåíèå, ïîçíàíèå) - ñèñòåìà ïîçíàâàòåëüíûõ ñïîñîáíîñòåé èÃ.Ì. Êó÷èíñêèé
ÈÍÒÅËËÈÃÈÁÅËÜÍÛÉ (ëàò. intelligibilis - óìîïîñòèãàåìûé) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, îáðàçóþùàÀ.Í.Øóìàí
ÈÍÒÅÍÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. intentio - ñòðåìëåíèå, âíèìàíèå) - îñíîâíîå ïîíÿòèå ôåíîìåíîëîãèè À.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÈÍÒÅÐÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. inter - ìåæäó è natio - íàðîä) - ïîíÿòèå, óïîòðåáëÿåìîå â íåñêîëüêèÃ.È. ×åñíîêîâà
ÈÍÒÅÐÏÐÅÒÀÖÈß (ëàò. interpretatio - òîëêîâàíèå, ðàçúÿñíåíèå) - êîãíèòèâíàÿ ïðîöåäóðà óñòàíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÈÍÒÅÐÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÜ - îñîáàÿ îáùíîñòü ìåæäó ïîçíàþùèìè ñóáúåêòàìè, óñëîâèå âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ Ä.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÈÍÒÐÀÂÅÐÑÈß, èíòðàâåðòèðîâàííîñòü (ëàò. intro - äâèæåíèå âíóòðü è verto - îáðàùàòü, ïîâîðàñòâåííûé âíóòðåííèé ìèð. Ïî êðèòåðèÿì È. è ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîé åé ýêñòðàâåðñèè Þíã âûäåëÿë òèïû ëèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÈÍÒÐÎÅÊÖÈß (ëàò. intro - äâèæåíèå âíóòðü è jacio - áðîñàòü) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå ïðîöåññ è ðåçÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÈÍÒÐÎÑÏÅÊÖÈß (ëàò. introspectare - ñìîòðåòü âãëóáü) - ìåòîä ïñèõîëîãèè, çàäà÷à êîòîðîãî ñîÂ. À. Ïîëèêàðïîâ
ÈÍÒÓÈÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. intuitio - ñîçåðöàíèå). Â èñòîðèè ôèëîñîôèè ìîæíî âûäåëèòü ñëåäóþùèå È.Ì. Ìîðîçîâ
ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå, ôàêòè÷åñêè çàìåíèâøåå â êîíöå 20 â. òåðìèí "ïîñòèíäóñòðñòåé âðåìåíè; (2) ñâîáîäà ðåøåíèÿ è ðàâåíñòâî âîçìîæíîñòåé; (3) ðàñöâåò ðàçëè÷íûõ ñâîáîäíûõ ñîÅ.À. Óãðèíîâè÷
ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß (ëàò. informatio - ðàçúÿñíåíèå, èçëîæåíèå, îñâåäîìëåííîñòü) - îäíî èç íàèáîëåå ÿõ ìîæåò ðåàëèçîâûâàòüñÿ â "ïåðåäàþùóþ" ÷àñòü îòðàæåíèÿ. Ñóáúåêò èçâëåêàåò èç îáúåêòîâ È. è âêÎ.È. Ñåìåíêîâ
ÈÍÖÅÑÒ, èíöåñòóîçíîñòü (ëàò. incestus - íå÷èñòûé, ïîðî÷íûé) - ñåêñóàëüíûå îòíîøåíèÿ (êîèòóÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÈÎÀÍÍ ÄÓÍÑ ÑÊÎÒ (Duns Scotus) (1265/1266-1308) - øîòëàíäñêèé ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ôèëîñîô è òåîëî
Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÈÎÀÍÍ ÑÊÎÒ ÝÐÈÓÃÅÍÀ (810-877/887) - ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ôèëîñîô. Ðîäèëñÿ, ïî âñåé âèäèìîñòè, â ÈÈ.À. Íåñòåðîâè÷
ÈÐÎÍÈß (ãðå÷. eironeia - ïðèòâîðñòâî) - ìåòàëîãè÷åñêàÿ ôèãóðà ñêðûòîãî ñìûñëà òåêñòà, ïîñòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÈÐÎÍÈß ÈÑÒÎÐÈÈ- òåðìèí ôèëîñîôèè èñòîðèè, ôèêñèðóþùèé ôåíîìåí ðàäèêàëüíîãî íåñîâïàäåíèÿ öåÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÈÐÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. irrationalis - áåññîçíàòåëüíîå, ' íåðàçóìíîå) - ôèëîñîôñêèå òå÷åíèÿ, ïÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÈÑÈÕÀÇÌ (ãðå÷. hesychia - ñïîêîéñòâèå è òèøèíà) - ìèñòè÷åñêàÿ òðàäèöèÿ áîãîñîçåðöàíèÿ â ïðÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí
ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ è ÅÑÒÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ - êàòåãîðèàëüíàÿ ïàðà, óêàçûâàþùàÿ íà ðàçëè÷íûå ìîäóñû ñóùåñòïðîÿâëåíèÿ àêòèâíîñòè (ââåäåíèÿ è èíèöèèðîâàíèÿ ôàêòîðîâ, ïðîÿâëåíèÿ ñâîáîäû è òâîð÷åñòâà) è ïÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ - òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóåìûé â äâóõ çíà÷åíèÿõ: 1) ìàñòåðñòâî, óìåíèå, ëîâêîñòü, ñíîðîâÎ.Í. Êóêðàê
ÈÑËÀÌ (àðàáñê. àë-Èñëàì - ïðåäàíèå ñåáÿ Áîãó, ïîêîðíîñòü) - îäíà èç ìèðîâûõ ðåëèãèé, èíà÷åÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÈÑÒÈÍÀ - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû ñóáúåêò-îáúåêòíîãî ðÿäà (ñì.: Óíèâåðñàëèè, Êàòåãîðèè êóëüòóðÌ.À.Ìîæåéêî
ÈÑÒÎÐÈÖÈÇÌ - ñòðàòåãèÿ èñòîðè÷åñêîãî (è - øèðå - ãóìàíèòàðíîãî) ïîçíàíèÿ, ïðåäïîëàãàþùàÿ ïòè÷åñêèõ ñõåì "ïî ïîâîäó æèçíè" - èçâíå. Ïðîîáðàçîì òèïîâîé ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé ïðîöåäóðû âûñòóïàåòñòîÿíèåì ïîçíàâàâøåãî, íå ìîæåò áûòü èñ÷åðïûâàþùå àäåêâàòíî âîïëîùåí â îáúåêòèâèðîâàííûé òåêñòñòóïàåò êàê ñâîåãî ðîäà ëèòåðàòóðíûé æàíð ("èñòîðè÷åñêîå ïîâåñòâîâàíèå"), è èìåííî èíòåëëåêòóàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÈÇÌ (ìàòåðèàëèñòè÷åñêîå ïîíèìàíèå èñòîðèè) - ïàðàäèãìà ôèëîñîôèè èñòîÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÈÑÒÎÐÈß - äâèæåíèå îáùåñòâà âî âðåìåíè, ïðåäìåò èçó÷åíèÿ èñòîðèîãðàôèè è ôèëîñîôèè È. ÍåïîÂ.Í. Ôóðå
ÈÑÒÎÐÈß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, ïðåäìåòîì êîòîðîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîöåññ âîçíèêíîâåíÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÈÓÄÀÈÇÌ - íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ðåëèãèÿ åâðååâ; ïåðâûé â èñòîðèè ìèðîâîé êóëüòóðû ïðåöåäåíò òåèçìà Ì.À.Ìîæåéêî
ÉÎÃÀ (ñàíñêð. joga - ñâÿçü, åäèíåíèå, ìåòîä, óñèëèå) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÊÀÁÀÍÈÑ (Cabanis) Ïüåð Æàí Æîðæ (1757-1808) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-ìàòåðèàëèñò è âðà÷. Ó÷åíÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÊÀÁÁÀËÀ (äðåâíååâð. Qabbalah - ïðèíÿòèå, ïðåäàíèå) - ñîêðîâåííàÿ (òàéíàÿ) ìóäðîñòü åâðåéñêÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÊÀÂÅËÈÍ Êîíñòàíòèí Äìèòðèåâè÷ (1818-1885) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðàâîâåä, èñòîðèê, ïóáëèöèñò.H.JI. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÀÊÀÁÀÄÇÅ Çóðàá (1926-1982) - ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã, ïîýò.  1950 îêîí÷èë ôèëîñîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÀËÎÊÀÃÀÒÈß - (ãðå÷. kalos kai hagatos - êðàñèâûé è õîðîøèé) - ýòèêî-ýñòåòè÷åñêèé èäåàë äðÀ .À.Ãðèöèíîâ
ÊÀËÜÂÈÍ (Calvin) Æàí (1509-1564) - äåÿòåëü Ðåôîðìàöèè âî Ôðàíöèè, îñíîâàòåëü êàëüâèíèçìà (À. À. Êðóãëîå
ÊÀÌÏÀÍÅËËÀ (Campanella) Òîììàçî (1568-1639) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîýò, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÀÌÞ (Camus) Àëüáåð (1913-1960) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò, ïèñàòåëü, äðàìàòóðã. ËàóÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà
ÊÀÍÅÒÒÈ (Canetti) Ýëèàñ (1905-1994) - àâñòðèéñêèé ïèñàòåëü. Â 1938 â ñâÿçè ñ àíøëþñîì ÀâñòÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÀÍÒ (Kant) Èììàíóèë (1724-1804) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, ñ ðàáîò êîòîðîãîÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÊÀÏÏÀÄÎÊÈÉÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - ñì. Ïðèëîæåíèå
ÊÀÐÄÈÍÅÐ(Êàrdiner) Àáðàì (1892-1981) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõèàòð, ýòíîëîã, ïñèõîàíàëèòèê è ñîöÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÊÀÐÅÅ Íèêîëàé Èâàíîâè÷ (1850-1931) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê, ñîöèîëîã, ãèìíàçè÷åñêèé òîâàðèù è áÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÀÐÌÀ (ñàíñêð. karman - äåéñòâèå, äåëî, æðåáèé) - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé èíäèéñêîé ôèÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÊÀÐÍÀÏ (Ñàrnàð) Ðóäîëüô (1891-1970) - íåìåöêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê, ïðåïîäàâàë ôèëÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÀÐÑÀÂÈÍ Ëåâ Ïëàòîíîâè÷ (1882-1952) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë Ïåòåðáóðãñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò, ñêèé ïðèíöèï âñååäèíñòâà, êîòîðûé îí ñòðåìèëñÿ ïðåäñòàâèòü â èíîé (ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ Ñîëîâüåâûì èÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÊÀÐÒÅÇÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ - ñì. ÄÅÊÀÐÒ
ÊÀÑÑÈÐÅÐ (Cassirer) Ýðíñò (1874-1945) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîêàíòèàíñêîé ôèëîñîôèè ìàðáóðãñêîéÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÊÀÑÒÀ (ïîðòóã. casta - ðîä, ïîêîëåíèå, ïðîèñõîæäåíèå) - ýíäîãàìíàÿ ãðóïïà ëþäåé, çàíèìàþùàÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÊÀÑÒÀÍÅÄÀ (Castaneda) Êàðëîñ (1896-1958) - ëàòèíîàìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, àâòîð ðÿäà êíèã,À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÀÒÀÐÑÈÑ (ãðå÷. katharsis - î÷èùåíèå) - ñâÿçàííûå ñ ïîëó÷åíèåì óäîâîëüñòâèÿ, ïðîöåññ è ðåçÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÊÀÒÀÐÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ (ãðå÷. katharsis - î÷èùåíèå) - ïñèõîòåðàïåâòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä È. Áðåéåðà -Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÊÀÒÀÑÒÐÎÔÀ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÊÀÒÀÑÒÐÎÔÀ
ÊÀÒÀÔÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß òåîëîãèÿ (ãðå÷. kataphatikos - óòâåðäèòåëüíûé) - ïàðàäèãìàëüíàÿ óñòàíîâêà òÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈÈ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÛ - íàáîð îñíîâîïîëàãàþùèõ äëÿ äàííîé êóëüòóðû ïîíÿòèé, îáðàçóþùèõ â ñîâîÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ
ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÈÌÏÅÐÀÒÈ (ëàò. imperative - ïîâåëèòåëüíûé) - áàçîâîå ïîíÿòèå ýòèêè Êàíòà, Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈß (ãðå÷. Kategoria - âûñêàçûâàíèå, îáâèíåíèå; ïðèçíàê) - ïðåäåëüíî îáùåå ïîíÿòèå. Â.Ô. Âåðíîå
ÊÀÒÅÊÑÈÑ (àíãë. íåîëîãèçì cathexis - êîëè÷åñòâî ýíåðãèè) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé çÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÊÀÒÎËÈ×ÅÑÒÂÎ (ãðå÷. katholikos - òåðìèí õðèñòèàíñêîãî ó÷åíèÿ, âïåðâûå âñòðå÷àþùèéñÿ â õðèñÀ.À. Ðûáàêîâ
ÊÀÓÇÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. causalis - ïðè÷èííûé, causa - ïðè÷èíà) èëè ïðè÷èííîñòü - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êà
A.M. Ëåâàíþê
ÊÀÓÒÑÊÈÉ (Kautsky) Êàðë (1854-1938) - íåìåöêèé èñòîðèê, ýêîíîìèñò, ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò, îäÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà
ÊÀÔÊÀ (Kafka) Ôðàíö (1883-1924) - àâñòðèéñêèé ïèñàòåëü. Àâòîð ðîìàíîâ "Ïðîöåññ", "Çàìîê", À.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÊÀ×ÅÑÒÂÎ è ÊÎËÈ×ÅÑÒÂÎ - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, âïåðâûå ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàííûå â òàêîì ñòàòóñå À.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÂÈÅÒÈÇÌ (ëàò. quietus - ñïîêîéíûé) - íåîðòîäîêñàëüíîå òå÷åíèå â êàòîëèöèçìå, öåíòðèðóþùååÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî, Ñ.Ë. Ëåíèí
ÊÅÄÐÎÂ Áîíèôàòèé Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1903-1985) - ðîññèéñêèé ñîâåòñêèé ôèëîñîô, õèìèê, èñòîðèê íàóÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÈÍÈÊÈ - ñì. ÑÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ØÊÎËÛ ÊÈÐÅÅÂÑÊÈÉ Èâàí Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1806-1856) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîôÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÊÈÐÅÍÀÈÊÈ - ñì. ÑÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ØÊÎËÛ ÊÈÐÈËË ÒÓÐÎÂÑÊÈÉ (îê. ÈÇÎ - îê. 1182) - ñòàðîáåëîðóññêÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÈÑÒßÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ Áîãäàí Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1868-1920) - óêðàèíñêèé è ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ïðÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÈÒÀÉÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - îäíà èç îñíîâíûõ ñîñòàâíûõ ÷àñòåé ìèðîâîé èñòîðèè ôèëîñîôèè, õàðàêòåÂ.Í. Ôóðå
ÊËÀÑÑ (ëàò. classls - ðàçðÿä, ãðóïïà) - êîíå÷íàÿ èëè áåñêîíå÷íàÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü âûäåëåííûõ Ä.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß (ëàò. classis - ðàçðÿä, êëàññ è f acio - äåëàþ, ðàñêëàäûâàþ) - ìíîãîñòóïåí÷àÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊËÈÌÅÍÒ ÑÌÎËßÒÈ× (1-ÿ ïîë. 12â. - 1164) äðåâíåðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, öåðêîâíûé äåÿòåëü. Ìîíàõ Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊËÎÑÑÎÂÑÊÈÉ (Klossowski) Ïüåð (ð. 1903) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, ïèñàòåëü, ëèÀ.ß. Ñàðíà
ÊÎÂÀËÅÂÑÊÈÉ Ìàêñèì Ìàêñèìîâè÷ (1851-1916) - ðóññêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðàâîâåä, èñòîðèê. Çàêîí÷èë Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÃÅÍ (Cohen) Ãåðìàí (1842-1918) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü è âèäíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü
Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÊÎÃÍÈÒÈÂÍÛÉ ÄÈÑÑÎÍÀÍÑ (ëàò. dissonans - íåñòðîéíî çâó÷àùèé, cognitio - çíàíèå, ïîçíàíèå) -Í.Â. Ðàäêåâè÷
ÊÎÆÅ (Kozhev) Àëåêñàíäð (ðóññêàÿ ôàìèëèÿ - Êîæåâíèêîâ) (1901-1968) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-îáðàçîì íå äîñòèã îñíîâíîé öåëè - ïðèçíàíèÿ ñâîåé ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé ñóùíîñòè, ò.ê. îíî ìîæåò ïðèéòèÀ .Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷,
ÊÎÇÅÐ (Coser) Ëüþèñ À. (ð. 1913) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, îäèí èç îñíîâíûõ òåîðåòèêîâ ñîöèÍ.Â. Ãðèøèíà
ÊÎÇËΠÀëåêñåé Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1831-1901) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è èçäàòåëü. Ó÷èëñÿ íà ôèçèêî-ìàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎËËÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÅ ÁÅÑÑÎÇÍÀÒÅËÜÍÎÅ - ïîíÿòèå àíàëèòè÷åñêîé ïñèõîëîãèè Þíãà, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ñîâîêóïÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÊÎËËÈÍÃÂÓÄ (Collingwood) Ðîáèí Äæîðäæ (1889-1943) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è èñòîðèê. ÎñíîâíûåÂ.Ë, Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÌÌÓÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. communis - îáùèé) - îäíà èç ðàäèêàëüíûõ âåðñèé îáùåñòâåííîãî èäåàëà, ñîïðÿÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÎÌÌÓÍÈÊÀÖÈß (ëàò. communicatio - ñîîáùåíèå, ïåðåäà÷à) - ñìûñëîâîé è èäåàëüíî-ñîäåðæàòåëüíÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑ (ëàò. complexus - ñâÿçü, ñî÷åòàíèå) - ïîëèñåìàíòè÷åñêîå ïîíÿòèå ñîâðåìåííîé ïñèõîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÊÎÍÂÅÍÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. conventio - ñîãëàøåíèå) - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè íàóêè, ñîãëàñíî êîÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÊÎÍÄÈËÜßÊ (Condillac) Ýòüåí Áîííî äå (1715-1780) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, êàòîëè÷åñêèé ñâÿùåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÎÍÄÎÐÑÅ (Condorcet) Ìàðè Æàí Àíòóàí, ìàðêèç äå (1743-1794) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÍÈÑÑÊÈÉ Ãåîðãèé (1717-1795) - àðõèåïèñêîï áåëîðóññêèé, ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü. Ðîäèëñÿ â ÍåæèÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÍÍÎÒÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. connotatio, îò ëàò. con - âìåñòå è noto - îòìå÷àþ, îáîçíà÷àþ) - ëîãÀ.À, Ãîðíûõ, Ì.Ð. Äèñüêî
ÊÎÍÑÅÐÂÀÒÈÇÌ (ëàò. conservare - ñîõðàíÿòü) - ñëîæíûé è ìíîãîãðàííûé ñîöèàëüíûé ôåíîìåí, ìîÂ.È. Áîáðîâè÷
ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÒ - ïîíÿòèå, ââîäèìîå ãèïîòåòè÷åñêè (òåîðåòè÷åñêîå) èëè ñîçäàâàåìîå ïî ïîâîäó íàáëÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÒÈÂÍÛÉ ÒÈÏ (è êîíñòðóêòèâíûõ òèïîâ ìåòîä) - òåîðåòè÷åñêàÿ êîíñòðóêöèÿ (è ïðîöåäóðàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
KOHT (Comte) Îãþñò (1798-1857) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ìåòîäîëîã è ïîïóëÿðèçàòîð Ã.Ï. Äàâèäþê
ÊÎÍÒÅÊÑÒ (ëàò. contextus - ñîåäèíåíèå, òåñíàÿ ñâÿçü) - êâàçèòåêñòîâûé ôåíîìåí, ïîðîæäàåìûéÌ. À. Ìîæåéêî
ÊÎÍÒÐÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ - 1) ñîâîêóïíîñòü ìèðîâîççðåí÷åñêèõ óñòàíîâîê, ïîâåäåí÷åñêèõ íîðìàòèâîâ è ôîÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ
ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ
ÊÎÍÔÈÃÓÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ (ëàò. configuratio - âçàèìíîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå) - îñîáûé ëîãèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñÀ.À.Áàáàéöåâ
ÊÎÍÔËÈÊÒ (ëàò. conflictus - ñòîëêíîâåíèå) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå ñòîëêíîâåíèå, ïðîòèâîñòîÿíèå Í.Â. Ãðèøèíà
ÊÎÍÔËÈÊÒÎËÎÃÈß - ñèíîíèì ïîíÿòèÿ "ñîöèîëîãèÿ êîíôëèêòà", ââåäåííîãî â íàó÷íûé îáîðîò ÇèììåÍ.Â, Ãðèøèíà
ÊÎÍÔÓÖÈÉ (Êóí-öçû) (551-479 äî í.ý.) - êèòàéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîçäàòåëü îäíîé èç ïåðâûõ çðåëûõÂ.Í. Ôóðå.
ÊÎÍÖÅÏÒ (ëàò. conceptus - ïîíÿòèå) - ñîäåðæàíèå ïîíÿòèÿ â îòâëå÷åíèè îò ÿçûêîâîé ôîðìû åãîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÍÖÅÏÒÓÀËÈÇÀÖÈß - ïðîöåäóðà ââåäåíèÿ îíòîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåäñòàâëåíèé â íàêîïëåííûé ìàññèâ ýìÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÍÖÅÏÒÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. conceptus - ïîíÿòèå) - óìåðåííîå íàïðàâëåíèå ñðåäíåâåêîâîé òðàäèöèè íîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÊÎÏÅÐÍÈÊ (Kopernik, Copernicus) Íèêîëàé (1473-1543) - ïîëüñêèé ìûñëèòåëü ýïîõè ÂîçðîæäåíèÿÀ.À, Êðóãëîå
ÊÎÏÈÅÂÈ× (Êîïèåâñêèé) Èëüÿ Ôåäîðîâè÷ (îê. 1651-1714) - áåëîðóññêî-ðóññêèé èçäàòåëü ó÷åáíûõ
Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÐØ (Korsch) Êàðë (1886-1961) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô íåîìàðêñèñòñêîé îðèåíòàöèè. Çà íåîðòîäîêÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÎÑÌÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. kosmos - îðãàíèçîâàííûé ìèð, kosma - óêðàøåíèå) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ìèðîâîççðåíèåÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÊÎÑÌÈÇÌ ðóññêèé - îñîáûé äóõîâíî-òåîðåòè÷åñêèé ôåíîìåí, âîçíèêøèé â Ðîññèè â êîíöå 19 - íàÎ.Â. Øóáàðî
KOTAPÁÈHÜCKÈÉ (Kotarbinski) Òàäåóø (1886-1981) - ïîëüñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê, ñîçäàòåëü ïðàêñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÕËÅÂÑÊÈÉ Ïåòð (êîí. 16 â. - 1647) - ãóìàíèñò, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé è ðåëèãèîçíûé äåÿòåëü ÂåëèêîãÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÎÝÂÎËÞÖÈß (ñî - ïðèñòàâêà, îáîçíà÷àþùàÿ â ðÿäå ÿçûêîâ ñîâìåñòíîñòü, ñîãëàñîâàííîñòü; ëàò.B.C. Âÿçîâêèí
ÊÎßËÎÂÈ× Àëüáåðò (1609-1677) - èñòîðèê, òåîëîã, ôèëîñîô ÂÊË è Ïîëüøè.  1627 âñòóïèë â îðäÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë, Àáóøåíêî
ÊÐÀÑÎÒÀ - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû ñóáúåêò-îáúåêòíîãî ðÿäà, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ ñîäåðæàíèå è ñåìàíòèêî© Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÊÐÀÒÈË (Kratylos) èç Àôèí (2-ÿ ïîë. 5 â. - íà÷. 4 â. äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, óÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ
ÊÐÈÑÒÅÂÀ (Kristeva) Þëèÿ (ð. 1941) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëèíãâèñò, ëèòåðàòóðíûé êðèòèê. ÀÅ.Ì. Êíÿçåâà
ÊÐÈØÍÀ (äðåâíåèíä. Krsna, Krshna, áóêâ, "÷åðíûé", "òåìíûé", "òåìíî-ñèíèé") - â èíäèéñêîé ìÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÊÐÎÍÅÐ (Kroner) Ðèõàðä (1884-1974) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðåïîäàâàë â ðàçëè÷íûõ óíèâåðñèòåòàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÐÎÏÎÒÊÈÍ Ïåòð Àëåêñååâè÷ (1842-1921) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, èäåîëîã àíàðõèçìà è äåìîêðàò, óøèñü â Àíãëèè, îí àêòèâíî çàíèìàåòñÿ íàóêîé è ïóáëèöèñòèêîé, à â 90-õ 19 â. îòîøåë îò ðåâîëþöèÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà
ÊÐÎ×Å (Ñãîñå) Áåíåäåòòî (1866-1952) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÊÓÀÉÍ (Quine) Óèëëàðä âàí Îðìàí (ð. 1908) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Îäèí èç ó÷àñòíèêîâ ÂåíñêÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÓÇÀÍÑÊÈÉ ÍÈÊÎËÀÉ - ñì. ÍÈÊÎËÀÉ ÊÓÇÀÍ-ÑÊÈÉ
ÊÓËÈ (Cooley) ×àðëç Õîðòîí (1864-1929) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ñîöèàëüíûé ôèëîñîô. ÎñíîâÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèè
ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ (ëàò. cultura - âîçäåëûâàíèå, âîñïèòàíèå, îáðàçîâàíèå) - ñèñòåìà èñòîðè÷åñêè ðàçâëû áóäóùåãî ñîöèàëüíîãî óñòðîéñòâà, êîòîðûå åùå íå ñòàëè ãîñïîäñòâóþùåé èäåîëîãèåé; íîâûå íðàâ© B.C. Ñòåïàí
ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÎÃÎ ÎÒÑÒÀÂÀÍÈß ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈß - èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ êóëüòóðíî-èñòîðè÷åñêîãî ïðîöåññà â ðàìêàõÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÎ-ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ â ëèòåðàòóðîâåäåíèè - èíòåëëåêòóàëüíàÿ òðàäèöèÿ â Åâðîïå, âîçÒ.Í. Òàðàñîâà
ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÎËÎÃÈß - ãóìàíèòàðíàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, èçó÷àþùàÿ êóëüòóðó â ñîâîêóïíîñòè åå öåëüíûõ èñòîÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ, Ã.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÊÓÍ (Kuhn) Òîìàñ Ñýìþýë (1922-1996) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è èñòîðèê íàóêè, îäèí èç ëèäåðîíàÿ íàóêà (ïàðàäèãìàÿüíàÿ), ýêñòðàîðäèíàðíàÿ íàóêà (âíå-ïàðàäèãìàëüíàÿ, íàó÷íàÿ ðåâîëþöèÿ).  Å.Â. Õîìè÷
ÊÜÅÐÊÅÃÎÐ, Êèðêåãîð (Kierkegaard) Ñåðåí (1813-1855) - äàòñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïèñàòåëü. Òâîð÷åñòìó ñóùåñòâó ñâîåìó äèàëåêòè÷åñêîå, Ê. ïðîòèâîïîñòàâëÿåò ãåãåëåâñêîé äèàëåêòèêå êàê ëîãèêå áûòèÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà
ÊÝÐÐÎËË (Carroll) Ëüþèñ (íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - ÄÎÄÆÑÎÍ ×àðëüç Ëóòâèäæ) (1832-1898) - áðèòàíñêèé À. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÀÁÈÐÈÍÒ - îáðàç-ìåòàôîðà ïîñòìîäåðíèçìà - îäèí èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñèñòåìû ïîíÿòèé ôÀ. À.Ãðèöèíîâ
ËÀÁÐÈÎËÀ (Labriola) Àíòîíèî (1843-1904) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô ìàðêñèñòñêîé îðèåíòàöèè. Ó÷àÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÀÂÐΠÏåòð Ëàâðîâè÷ (1823-1900) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ïóáëèöèñò, èäåîëîã íàðîäíè÷åÒ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ËÀÊÀÍ (Lacan) Æàê (1901-1981) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, àâòîð ñòðóêòóðàëèñòñêîé âåðñèè ÷àþùèõ"; òàêèì îáðàçîì, òåîðåòè÷åñêèì áàçèñîì "ñòðóêòóðíîãî ïñèõîàíàëèçà" âûñòóïàåò òåçèñ: "ÁåÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ
ËÀÊÀÒÎÑ (Lakatos) Èìðå (1922-1974) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô âåíãåðñêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ. Çàíèìàë
Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê
ËÀÌÀÐÊ (Lamark) Æàí Áàòèñò (1744-1829) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è íàòóðàëèñò, ïðîôåññîð çîîÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ËÀÌÅÒÐÈ (Lammetrie) Æþëüåí Îôðå äå (1709-1751) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô è âðà÷. ÏîÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÀÎ-ÖÇÛ (6-5 ââ. äî í.ý.) - ïîëóëåãåíäàðíûé îñíîâàòåëü äàîñèçìà, îäíîãî èç íàèáîëåå çíà÷èòíîìóäðûé, äåëàÿ ñâîå ñåðäöå áåññòðàñòíûì è ñîõðàíÿÿ ïîêîé, óïîäîáëÿåòñÿ âå÷íîìó "äàî" âïëîòü äÂ.Í. Ôóðå
ËÀÏËÀÑ (Laplace) Ïüåð Ñèìîí (1749-1827) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ó÷åíûé, àñòðîíîì, ôèçèê, ìàòåìàòèê, Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ËÀÏÏÎ-ÄÀÍÈËÅÂÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Ñåðãååâè÷ (1863-1919) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê, ñîöèîëîã. Îêîí÷èë èñòÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÀÏØÈÍ Èâàí Èâàíîâè÷ (1870-1952) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîëîã, ó÷åíèê è ïîñëåäîâàòåëü À.È. âàí çà ãðàíèöó. Ðàáîòàë â Áðèòàíñêîì ìóçåå, ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàëñÿ ïî êàíòèàíñòâó â àíãëèéñêîé ôèëîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÀÓÊÑÌÈÍ Ñèãèçìóíä (1596-1670) - ëèòîâñêî-áåëîðóññêèé òåîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü "âèëåíñêîé ñõîÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÅÁÎÍ (Lå Bon) Ãþñòàâ (1841-1931) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ñîöèàëüíûé ïñèõîëîã, ïóáëèöèñò, ëÿåòñÿ èíäèâèäóàëüíîå ðàöèîíàëüíîå íà÷àëî. Ñ ýëèòàðèñò-ñêèõ ïîçèöèé Ë. îöåíèâàë èñòîðèþ öèâèëèÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê
ËÅÂÈ-ÁÐÞËÜ (Levy-Bruhl) Ëþñüåí (1857-1939) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, àíòðîïîëîã è ñîöèîëîã. ÏÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîåè÷
ËÅÂÈÍ AC (Levinas) Ýììàíóýëü (ð. 1906) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-äèàëîãèñò.  1916-1920 æèë â ùàåìîãî â òîé æå ñàìîé êíèãå.  îòâåò íà êîììåíòàðèé Ë. 11 ìàðòà 1963 íàïðàâëÿåò Áóáåðó ïèñüìîÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ËÅÂÈ-ÑÒÐÎÑÑ (Levi-Strauss) Êëîä (ð. 1908) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ýòíîëîã è ñîöèîëîã, ïîëîæèâøèé íà÷À.À. Ãîðíûõ
ËÅÂÈÖÊÈÉ Ñåðãåé Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1908-1983) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò, ïèñàòåëü. Ïîñëå ðåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÅÂÊÈÏÏ (5 â. äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô (èç Ìèëåòà èëè Àáäåð èëè Ýëåé). Î æèçíè ËÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÅÃÈÒÈÌÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. legitimus - çàêîííûé) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå - ïðèçíàíèå, îáúÿñíåíèå è îïðà
èññëåäîâàíèÿ îáùåñòâà è èñïîëüçóåòñÿ Âåáåðîì ïðè óñòàíîâëåíèè òèïîâ ëåãèòèìíîãî ãîñïîäñòâà, òàÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ËÅÉÁÍÈÖ (Leibniz) Ãîòôðèä Âèëüãåëüì (1646-1716) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ìàòåìàòèê, ôèçèê, þðèíûõ èíñòðóìåíòîâ ìûøëåíèÿ, îí ïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêà íå ïðîèñõîäèëî èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî äåäóêòÌ.Â. Ïîäðó÷íûé
ËÅÉÍà (Laing) Ðîíàëüä (1927-1989) - øîòëàíäñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîëîã. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåé è Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ËÅÌ (Lem) Ñòàíèñëàâ (ð. 1921) - ïîëüñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü-ôàíòàñò. Îñíîâíûå ïðàíòàãîíèçìû è ãåîïîëèòè÷åñêèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ ñåðåäèíû 20 ñò., íî è îòâåë ýòîé (íåèçáåæíî àêñèîëîãèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÅÍÈÍ (Óëüÿíîâ) Âëàäèìèð Èëüè÷ (1870-1924) - òåîðåòèê áîëüøåâèçìà, ñîçäàòåëü áîëüøåâèñòñêîÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÅÍÈÍÈÇÌ - èäåéíîå òå÷åíèå ñîöèîëîãèè, ïîëèòîëîãèè è îáùåñòâåííîé ïðàêòèêè 20 â., õàðàêòåðÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÅÍ×ÈÖÊÈÉ Ìèêîëàé (15 74-1653) - ðåëèãèîçíûé äåÿòåëü Áåëàðóñè. Ó÷èëñÿ â Âèëüíå. Ïîñëå ïåðåÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÅÎÍÒÜÅ Àëåêñåé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1903-1979) - ñîâåòñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ïðîôåññîð (1932), äîêòîð ïåäÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ËÅÎÍÒÜÅÂ Êîíñòàíòèí Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1831-1891) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïèñàòåëü è ïóáëèöèñò: âåäóÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ËÅÐÓ (Leroux) Ïüåð (1797-1871) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ñîöèàëüíûé ôèëîñîô è ýêîíîìèñò, àâÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÅÑÑÈÍÃ (Lessing) Ãîòõîëüä Ýôðàèì (1729-1781) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ïèñàòåëü, êÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ËÈÁÅÐÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. liberalis - ñâîáîäíûé) - ñîöèàëüíî-ïîëèòè÷åñêîå ó÷åíèå è îáùåñòâåííîå äâèB.C. Òàðàñîâ
ËÈÁÈÄÎ (ëàò. libido - æåëàíèå, âëå÷åíèå, ñòðåìëåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå, óïîòðåáëÿåìîå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ËÈÍÃÂÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÎÂÎÐÎÒ - òåðìèí, îïèñûâàþùèé ñèòóàöèþ, ñëîæèâøóþñÿ â ôèëîñîôèè â ïåðâîé òêà â åãî îáûäåííîì ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèè. Ñòðóêòóðàëèçì, ãåðìåíåâòèêà, ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ àêÀ,Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ËÈÍÃÂÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÎÒÍÎÑÈÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈß (â óçêîì ñìûñëå êîíöåïöèÿ Ý. Ñåïèðà - Á. Ëè Óîðô
Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ËÈÍÊÎÑ (íåîëîãèçì îò ïîëíîãî íàçâàíèÿ "ëèíãâèñòèêà Êîñìîñà") - îäèí èç èñêóññòâåííûõ ÿçûêîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ËÈÎÒÀÐ (Lyotard) Æàí-Ôðàíñóà (ð. 1924) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîçäàòåëü êîíöåïöèè "íàððàòîÀ .ß. Ñàðíà
ËÈÒÂÈÍ Ìèõàèë (Ìèõàèëî Öèøêåâè÷) - áåëîðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü-ãóìàíèñò 16 âåêà.  1538-1540 áûëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÈÖÈÍÈÉ ÍÀÌÛÑËÎÂÑÊÈÉ ßí (íà÷. 1560 - îê. 1635) - áåëîðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü-ãóìàíèñò, ïåäàãîã, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ, ïåðñîíà (ëàò. persona - ìàñêà, ðîëü àêòåðà) - ïîíÿòèå, âûðàáîòàííîå äëÿ îòîáðàæåíûõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèé â ðàìêàõ ãðóïï, îáùíîñòåé è ñîöèàëüíûõ èíñòèòóòîâ. Ñ ýòîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ íåîáÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÎÂÀÍ Ñòåôàí Ãðèãîðüåâè÷ (ßí Ëàâåéêà) - ìûñëèòåëü, àòåèñò âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû XVI âåêà. Ñóäüÿ Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÎÃÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. logos - ñëîâî, ðàññóæäåíèå, ïîíÿòèå, ðàçóì) - íàóêà î ôîðìàõ, çàêîíàõ è ìåòîÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ
ËÎÃÎÑ (ãðå÷. logos) - ôèëîñîôñêèé òåðìèí, ôèêñèðóþùèé åäèíñòâî ïîíÿòèÿ, ñëîâà è ñìûñëà, ïðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ËÎÊÊ (Locke) Äæîí (1632-1704) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü, îñíÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà
ËÎÌÁÐÎÇÎ (Lombroso) ×åçàðå (1835-1909) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ó÷åíûé è êðèìèíàëèñò. Çàâ. êàôåäðîé ïÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÎÏÀÒÈÍ Ëåâ Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1855-1920) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã. Äðóã äåòñòâà B.C. ÑîëîâüåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÎÐÅÍÖ (Lorenz) Êîíðàä Öàõàðèóñ (1903-1989) - àâñòðèéñêèé áèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü "ýâÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ
ËÎÑÅ Àëåêñåé Ôåäîðîâè÷ (1893-1988) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô 20 â. Ó÷èëñÿ íà èñòîðèêî-ôèëîëîãè÷åñÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ËÎÑÑÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1903-1958) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è áîãîñëîâ. Ñûí Í.Î. Ëîññêîãî. ÓÂ.À. Áîäÿêî, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ËÎÑÑÊÈÉ Íèêîëàé Îíóôðèåâè÷ (1870-1965) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë Ïåòåðáóðãñêèé óíèâåðñèòåöèîíàëüíûé äåÿòåëü - öåíòðàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè Ë. Áóäó÷è íåïîâòîðèìûìè è íåçàìåíèìûìè èíäèÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ËÎÒÌÀÍ Þðèé Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1922-1993) - ðóññêèé êóëüòóðîëîã, ñåìèîòèê, ôèëîëîã. Ñ 1939 - ñòóäÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî, Ñ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ËÓÊÀÑÅÂÈ× (Lukasiewicz) ßí (1878-1956) - ïîëüñêèé ëîãèê è ôèëîñîô, ïðîôåññîð Ëüâîâñêîãî è Ñ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ËÓÊÀ× (Lukach) Äüåðäü (Ãåîðã) (1885-1971) - âåíãåðñêèé ôèëîñîô, ýñòåòèê, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÓÊÌÀÍ (Luckmann) Òîìàñ (ð. 1927) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ó÷åíèê è ïîñëåäîâàòåëü Øþöà, âåäóùèÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ËÓÌÀÍ (Luhmann) Íèêëàñ (ð. 1927) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ñèñòåìíîãî è ôóíêöèîíàÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ËÓÐÈß Àëåêñàíäð Ðîìàíîâè÷ (1902-1977) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô, òåîðåòèê ãíîñåîëîãèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ËÛÙÈÍÑÊÈÉ Êàçèìèð (1634-1689, êàçíåí â Âàðøàâå) - ôèëîñîô Áåëàðóñè, ëåãåíäàðíûé ìó÷åíèê çàÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ËÜÞÈÑ (Lewis) Êëàéâ Ñòåéïëç (1898-1963) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê êóëüòóðû, ïèñàòåëü; Ì. À. Ìîæåéêî
ËÜÞÈÑ (Lewis) Êëàðåíñ Èðâèíã (1883-1964) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôèè (1911). À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ËÞÁÎÂÜ - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû ñóáúåêòíîãî ðÿäà, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ â ñâîåì ñîäåðæàíèè ãëóáîêîå èíèç ïåðâîçäàííîãî îêåàíà íà öâåòêå ëîòîñà, à ñ äðóãîé - ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ ãîðàçäî ïîçäíåå êàê äî÷ü Áõð© Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ËÞÒÅÐ (Luther) Ìàðòèí (1483-1546) - íåìåöêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ãëàâà Ðåôîðìàöèè â Ãåðìàíèè, îñíîâÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÌÀÉÅÂÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. maieutike - ïîâèâàëüíîå èñêóññòâî) - ìåòàôîðà, ñ ïîìîùüþ êîòîðîé Ñîêðàò ïÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÌÀÉÌÎÍ (Õåéìàí) Ñîëîìîí (1753-1800) - ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü. Ðîäèëñÿ â ìåñòå÷êå Ìèð, â ÁåëàÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÌÀÉÌÎÍÈÄ (Maimomdes), íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ Ìîøå áåí Ìàéìîí èëè ñîêðàùåííî íà èâðèòå Ðàìáàì (Ðàáè ðý íåâóõèì") (îê. 1190, íàïèñàíî íà àðàáñêîì ÿçûêå, ïîçæå ïåðåâåäåíî íà äðåâíååâðåéñêèé), "Êíè
À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÀÉÒÐÅÉß - (ñàíñêð. Maitreya, ïàëè Metteyya - ñâÿçàííûé äðóæáîé) - "Âëàäûêà íàðå÷åííûé ÑîñÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÌÀÊÈÀÂÅËËÈ (Machiavelli) Íèêêîëî äè Áåðíàðäî (1469-1527) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïîëèòè÷åÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÀÊ-ËÞÝÍ (McLuhan) Õåðáåðò Ìàðøàëë (1911-1980) - êàíàäñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, òåîðåòèê êîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÌÀËÈÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ (Malinowski) Áðîíèñëàâ Êàñïàð (1884-1942) - áðèòàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, îñíîâàòåëü Ï.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÌÀËÜÁÐÀÍØ (Ìà1åbrànñhå) Íèêîëà (1638-1715) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ãëàâíûé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü îêäóõîâ" - ýòè, è ïîäîáíûå èì âûñêàçûâàíèÿ Ì. áûëè áëèçêè ê ñïèðèòóàëèçìó, â òî âðåìÿ êàê ïðèçíàÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÌÀËÜÒÓÑ (Malthus) Òîìàñ Ðîáåðò (1766-1834) - àíãëèéñêèé ýêîíîìèñò, ñâÿùåííèê àíãëèêàíñêîé À. À.Áàêàíîâ
ÌÀÌÀÐÄÀØÂÈËÈ Ìåðàá (1930-1990) - ãðóçèíñêèé è ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ðàáîòàë â ðåäàêöèÿõ æóðíÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
Das MAN (íåì. man - íåîïðåäåëåííî-ëè÷íîå ìåñòîèìåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå, ââåäåííîå â "Áûòèè è ÂðåìÂ.Í. Ñåìåíîâà
ÌÀÍÈÕÅÉÑÒÂÎ - ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, îñíîâàííîå íà èäåå ðåëèãèîçíîãî ñèíêðåòèçìà èîíî çàõâàòèëî îãðîìíóþ òåððèòîðèþ îò Êèòàÿ äî Àôðèêè. Âî âðåìåíà èìïåðàòîðà Äèîêëåòèàíà íà÷èíàÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÌÀÍÒÐÀ (ñàíñêð. - ñòèõ, çàêëèíàíèå) - â äðåâíåèíäèéñêîé ðåëèãèîçíîé òðàäèöèè ìàãè÷åñêàÿ âåÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÀÍÕÅÉÌ (Mannheim) Êàðë (1893-1947) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô. Ó÷èëñÿ â óíèâåðñèòåòàõ Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÌÀÐÁÓÐÃÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ ÍÅÎÊÀÍÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÀ - íàïðàâëåíèå â ðóñëå íåîêàíòèàíñòâà, ïðåäïðèíÿâøåå ïîïûòÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÌÀÐÃÈÍÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. margo - êðàé, ãðàíèöà) - ïîíÿòèå, òðàäèöèîííî èñïîëüçóåìîå â ñîöèàëüíÀ. Ð. Ó ñ ìàêîâà
ÌÀÐÈÍÅÒÒÈ (Marinetti) Ôèëèïïî Òîììàçî (1876-1944) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ïîýò è ïèñàòåëü; îñíîâîïîëÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÌÀÐÈÒÅÍ (Maritain) Æàê (1882-1973) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, êðóïíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîòîìèË.Â. Êðèâèöêèé
ÌÀÐÊ ÀÂÐÅËÈÉ ÀÍÒÎÍÈÍ (Markus Aurelius Antoninus) (121-180) - ðèìñêèé êîíñóë (ñ 140), ðèìñêÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÀÐÊÑ (Marx) Êàðë (1818-1883) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô, ýêîíîìèñò. Èçó÷àë ïðàâî, ôèëîñÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÀÐÊÑÈÇÌ - èäåéíîå òå÷åíèå âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû 19-20 ââ., òðàäèöèîííî ñâÿçûâàåìîå ñ êîíöåïöèåéÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÀÐÊÑÈÇÌ - ËÅÍÈÍÈÇÌ - ñàìîîáîçíà÷åíèå ïðàâÿùèõ èäåîëîãèé â ñòðàíàõ ñîöèàëèçìà â 20 â. ÏåðâÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÀÐÊÓÇÅ (Markuse) Ãåðáåðò (1898-1979) - íåìåöêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèÀ.À, Ãðèöàíîâ, Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÌÀÐÑÅËÜ (Marcel) Ãàáðèýëü Îíîðå (1889-1973) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê êàòîëè÷åË.Â. Êðèâèöêèé
ÌÀÑËÎÓ (Maslow) Àáðàõàì Õàðîëüä (1908-1970) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ïðîôåññîð ïñèõîëîãèè,Ë.Â. Åðìîëîâè÷
ÌÀÑÑÎÂÀß ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ - òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóåìûé â ñîâðåìåííîé êóëüòóðîëîãèè äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñïåöèÌ .Ð. Æáàíêîâ
ÌÀÑÑÎÂÎÅ ÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóåìûé â ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ øàáëîííîãîÌ .Ð. Æáàíêîâ
ÌÀÒÅÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ËÎÃÈÊÀ - îäèí èç âåäóùèõ ðàçäåëîâ ñîâðåìåííîé ëîãèêè è ìàòåìàòèêè. ÑôîðìèðîÀ.È.Ëîéêî
ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. materialis - âåùåñòâåííûé) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ìèðîïîíèìàíèå, ìèðîâîççðåíèå, àãåð è äð.). Îïðåäåëåííûé äîïîëíèòåëüíûé èìïóëüñ ýâîëþöèè øêîë Ì. â 30-40-õ 20 â. ïðèäàëè òåîðåÀ.Ë. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÅÄÈÍÑÒÂÎ ÌÈÐÀ - áàçèñíûé ïðèíöèï ìàòåðèàëèñòè÷åñêîãî ìîíèçìà, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ â íÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ
ÌÀÒÅÐÈß (ëàò. materia - âåùåñòâî) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, êîòîðàÿ â ìàòåðèàëèñòè÷åñêîé òðÀ.Â. Áîðêîâñêàÿ
MAX (Mach) Ýðíñò (1838-1916) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèçèê è ôèëîñîô. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåé ýìïèðèîêðèòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÌÅÁÈÓÑ (Mobius) Ïàóëü (1853-1907) - íåìåöêèé íåâðîïàòîëîã, êëèíèöèñò. Ñîçäàòåëü è àâòîð ñåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÌÅÃÀÌÀØÈÍÀ - ïîíÿòèå, óïîòðåáëÿåìîå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ îáåçëè÷åííîé, òåõíîêðàòè÷åñêè îïòèìèçèÅÌ. Áàáàåâå
ÌÅÃÀÐÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - ñì. ÑÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ØÊÎËÛ ÌÅÃÐÅËÈÄÇÅ Êèòà (1900-1944) - ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîôÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÌÅÄÈÒÀÖÈß (ëàò. meditatio - ðàçìûøëÿòü, îáäóìûâàòü, èíä. àíàëîã - äõèàíà, êèò. - öèíü ëó -èõ êîíöåíòðàöèè è ñîñðåäîòî÷åíèÿ íà îòäåëüíûõ îáúåêòàõ, ìåäèòàòèâíîãî óìîçðåíèÿ è ñîçåðöàíèÿ. Ë,Â. Êðèâèöêèé
ÌÅÉÅÐ Àëåêñàíäð Àëåêñíäðîâè÷ (1875-1939) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è êóëüòóðîëîã. Ðîäèëñÿ â ëþòåðàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÌÅÍÜ Àëåêñàíäð Âëàäèìèðîâè÷ (èçäàíèÿ ñîâåòñêîãî ïåðèîäà âûõîäèëè ïîä ïñåâäîíèìîì ÝììàíóèëÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÌÅÐÀ - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, òðàäèöèîííî èñïîëüçóåìàÿ â êîíòåêñòå îòîáðàæåíèÿ âçàèìîñâÿçèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÅÐÅÆÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ Äìèòðèé Ñåðãååâè÷ (1865-1941) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü è ïîýò, ôèëîñîô. Ìóæ Ç.Í. ÃèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÅÐËÎ-ÏÎÍÒÈ (Merleau-Ponty) Ìîðèñ (1908-1961) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ôåíîìåíÒ.Ì. Òóýîâà
ÌÅÐÒÎÍ (Merton) Ðîáåðò Êèíã (ð. 1910) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïî÷åòíûé ïðîôåññîð ÊîëóìáèéÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî.
ÌÅÒÀÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. meta - ïîñëå, çà, ÷åðåç, íàä è ïñèõîëîãèÿ - íàóêà î ïñèõèêå) - 1)  Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÌÅÒÀÒÅÎÐÈß - òåîðèÿ, àíàëèçèðóþùàÿ ðàçëè÷íûå ñâîéñòâà, ñòðóêòóðó, çàêîíîìåðíîñòè, ìåòîäû èëîæåíèé, âûñòóïàþùèõ ñõåìàìè ïîëîæåíèé îáúåêòíîé (ïðåäìåòíîé) òåîðèè. Ì. îáû÷íî ôîðìóëèðóåòñÿ Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, À.È. Øóìàí
ÌÅÒÀÔÈÇÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. meta ta physica - áóêâàëüíî: ïîñëå ôèçèêè) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå î ïåðâè÷À.Â. Áàðêîâñêàÿ
ÌÅÒÀÔÎÐÀ (ãðå÷. metaphora - ïåðåíåñåíèå) - ïåðåíåñåíèå ñâîéñòâ îäíîãî ïðåäìåòà (ÿâëåíèÿ èëÈ,Ê. Èãíàòüåâà
ÌÅÒÅÌÏÑÈÕÎÇÀ (ãðå÷. metempsihosia - ïåðåîäóøåâëåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå ïîçäíåãðå÷åñêîé òðàäèöèè äëÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÅÒÎÄ (ãðå÷. methodos - ïóòü ê ÷åìó-ëèáî, ïðîñëåæèâàíèå, èññëåäîâàíèå) - ñïîñîá äîñòèæåíèÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÌÅÒÎÄ ÑÂÎÁÎÄÍÛÕ ÀÑÑÎÖÈÀÖÈÉ (ëàò. associatio - ñîåäèíåíèå, ïðèñîåäèíåíèå) - èññëåäîâàòåëüñêÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÌÅÒÎÄÎËÎÃÈß - ó÷åíèå î ñïîñîáàõ îðãàíèçàöèè è ïîñòðîåíèÿ òåîðåòè÷åñêîé è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé äåÿòÀ. À.Ãðèöèíîâ
ÌÅÕÀÍÈÖÈÇÌ - ñïîñîá îáúÿñíåíèÿ äâèæåíèÿ è âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ èçó÷àåìûõ îáúåêòîâ, èñõîäÿ èç ìåõÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÌÅ×ÍÈÊΠËåâ Èëüè÷ (1838-1888) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ãåîãðàô, ñîöèîëîã, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÌÈÄ (Mead) Äæîðäæ Ãåðáåðò (1863-1931) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô. Ïðè æèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÌÈÄ (Mead) Ìàðãàðåò (1901-1978) - àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, ïðîôåññîð Íüþ-Éîðêñêîãî, ÉåëüñêÍ.Þ. Øèëî
ÌÈÊÐÎÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ãðå÷. micros - ìàëûé è ïñèõîàíàëèç) - íàïðàâëåíèå ñîâðåìåííîãî ïñèõîàíàëÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÌÈËËÅÍÀÐÈÇÌ - ñì. ÕÈËÈÀÇÌ
ÌÈËËÑ (Mills) ×àðëüç Ðàéò (1916-1962) àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïóáëèöèñò. Îäèí èç èäåîëîãîâÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÌÈËËÜ (Mill) Äæîí Ñòþàðò (1806-1873) - îñíîâàòåëü àíãëèéñêîãî ïîçèòèâèçìà, ýêîíîìèñò, ýòèêÀ. Ï. Ëèìàðåíêî
ÌÈËÞÊΠÏàâåë Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1859-1943) - ðóññêèé ñîöèîëîã, èñòîðèê, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. ÏðÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÈÐÎÂÎÇÇÐÅÍÈÅ - ñèñòåìà âçãëÿäîâ íà ìèð è ìåñòî ÷åëîâåêà â ýòîì ìèðå, âî ìíîãîì îïðåäåëÿþùÈ.È. Æáàíêîâà
ÌÈÑÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. mistikos - òàèíñòâåííûé) - ñàêðàëüíàÿ ðåëèãèîçíàÿ ïðàêòèêà, íàïðàâëåííàÿ íàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÌÈÒÈÍ Ìàðê Áîðèñîâè÷ (1901-1987) - ñîâåòñêèé áîëüøåâèñòñêèé èäåîëîã è îðãàíèçàòîð ãîñóäàðñ
À .À. Ã ðèöèíîâ
ÌÈÔ - ôîðìà öåëîñòíîãî ìàññîâîãî ïåðåæèâàíèÿ è èñòîëêîâàíèÿ äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè ïðè ïîìîùè ÷óÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ
ÌÈÔÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - íàó÷íîå íàïðàâëåíèå â ôîëüêëîðèñòèêå è ëèòåðàòóðîâåäåíèè 19 â., âîçÒ.Í. Òàðàñîâà
ÌÈÔÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. myphos - ñêàçàíèå è logos - ðàññêàç) - òèï ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ êóëüòóðíûõ ïðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÌÈÕÀÉËÎÂÑÊÈÉ Íèêîëàé Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1842-1904) - ðóññêèé ñîöèàëüíûé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, ëÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ
ÌÎÄÀ (ëàò. modus - ìåðà, ïðàâèëî, îáðàç) - îáû÷íî íåïðîäîëæèòåëüíîå ãîñïîäñòâî îïðåäåëåííîÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ - ïðîöåññ èññëåäîâàíèÿ îáúåêòîâ íà èõ ìîäåëÿõ. Íåîáõîäèìî ðàçëè÷àòü ðåøåíèå Ä.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÌÎÄÅËÜ (ëàò. modulus - ìåðà, îáðàçåö) - îáúåêò-çàìåñòèòåëü, êîòîðûé â îïðåäåëåííûõ óñëîâèÿÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÌÎÄÅÐÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ êîíöåïöèÿ - îäèí èç ñîäåðæàòåëüíûõ àñïåêòîâ êîíöåïöèè èíäóñòðèàëèçàöèè, à èìåÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÌÎÄÅÐÍÈÇÌ (ôð. Moderne - íîâåéøèé, ñîâðåìåííûé) - îáùåå íàçâàíèå õóäîæåñòâåííî-ýñòåòè÷åñêîÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÌÎÄÓÑ (ëàò. modus - ìåðà, îáðàç, ñïîñîá) - 1) ôèëîñîôñêèé òåðìèí, ñ ïîìîùüþ êîòîðîãî â 17-Ñ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÌÎÍÀÄÀ (ãðå÷. monas - åäèíèöà, åäèíîå) - ïîíÿòèå äîêëàññè÷åñêîé è êëàññè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÌÎÍÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. monos - îäèí) - 1) òèï îðãàíèçàöèè ôèëîñîôñêîãî çíàíèÿ, îïðåäåëÿþùèéñÿ íàëè÷Â.Í. Ðåòóíñêèé
ÌÎÍÎÒÅÈÇÌ - ñì. ÏÎËÈÒÅÈÇÌ è ÌÎÍÎÒÅÈÇÌ, ÒÅÈÇÌ, ÁÎÃ
ÌÎÍÒÅÑÊÜÅ (Montesquieu) Øàðëü Ëóè, Øàðëü äå Ñå-êîíäà, áàðîí äå Ëà Áðåä è äå Ìîíòåñêüå (168À. À. Ãðèöèíîâ
MOP (More) Òîìàñ (1478-1535, êàçíåí ïî ïîâåëåíèþ Ãåíðèõà VIII) - àíãëèéñêèé þðèñò è ôèëîñîÀ. À, à ðèöèíîâ
ÌÎÐÀËÜ (íðàâñòâåííîñòü) (ëàò. Moralis - íðàâñòâåííûé, mores - íðàâû) - ñïåöèôè÷åñêèé òèï ðÑ.Ä. Ëàïòåíîê
ÌÎÐÃÀÍ (Morgan) Ëüþèñ Ãåíðè (1818-1889) - àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, îäèí íàèáîëåå èçâåñòíûõÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÌÎÐÅÍÎ (Moreno) Äæåêîá (1892-1974) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ñîöèàëüíûé ïñèõîëîã è ïñèõèàòðÂ.È. Îå÷àðåíêî
ÌÎÐÐÈÑ (Morris) ×àðëüç (1901-1979) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôèè (×èêàãñêèé óíèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÎÑÊÎÂÈ×È (Moscovici) Ñåðæ (ð. 1925) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõîëîã è ñîöèîëîã, îäèí èç àâòîðîâ òåÄ.Ì. Áóëû÷êî
ÌÎÑÑ (Mauss) Ìàðñåëü (1872-1950) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã è àíòðîïîëîã. Ïîëó÷èë ôèëîñîôñêîå Í.Þ. Øèëî
ÌÎÒÈÂ (ëàò. movere - ïîáóæäàòü, ïðèâîäèòü â äâèæåíèå) - îäíî èç ïîíÿòèé, îïèñûâàþùèõ ñôåðóÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÌÎÒÈÂÀÖÈß - àêòèâíûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïñèõèêè, ïîáóæäàþùèå ÷åëîâåêà ñîâåðøàòü îïðåäåëåííûå âèäû äÑ. À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÌÓÆÈËÎÂÑÊÈÉ Àíäðåé (â ìîíàøåñòâå Àíòîíèé) (1580-å -1640-å) - áåëîðóññêèé àíòèóíèàòñêèé öåðÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÌÓÍÜÅ (Mounier) Ýììàíóýëü (1905-1950) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ó÷àñòíèê äâèæåíèÿ ÑîïðîòèâëåíÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÓÐ (Moore) Äæîðäæ Ýäóàðä (1873-1958) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîðåàëèçìà. ÏðåÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÌÛÑËÅÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ - êîìïëåêñ èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûõ è êîììóíèêàòèâíûõ ïðîöåññîâ, âêëþ÷åííûõ â êîÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ, Â.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÌÛÑËÅÍÍÛÉ ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒ - îñîáàÿ òåîðåòè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà, çàêëþ÷àþùàÿñÿ â ïîëó÷åíèè íîâîãî èÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÌÛØËÅÍÈÅ - êàòåãîðèÿ, îáîçíà÷àþùàÿ ïðîöåññóàëü-íîñòü ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ñîçíàíèÿ (ïîçíàâàòåëÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÌÝÌÔÎÐÄ (Mumford) Ëüþèñ (1895-1990) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåãàòÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ
ÍÀÁËÞÄÅÍÈÅ - ìåòîä íàó÷íîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ, çàêëþ÷àþùèéñÿ â àêòèâíîì, ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêîì, öåëåíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÍÀÃÀÐÄÆÓÍÀ (2 â. í.ý.) - èíäèéñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê áóääèéñêîé ôèëîñîôñêîé øêîëû Â.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÍÀÄÅÆÄÀ - (1) - ýìîöèîíàëüíîå ïåðåæèâàíèå, âîçíèêàþùåå ïðè íàïðÿæåííîì îæèäàíèè ñóáúåêòîì Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÍÀÐÁÓÒ Êàçèìèð (1738-1807) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýêëåêòè÷åñêîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ â ôèëîñîôèè ýïîõè ÏðÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÍÀÐÊÎAHAËÈÇ (ãðå÷. narke - îöåïåíåíèå è ãðå÷. analysis - ðàçëîæåíèå, ðàñ÷ëåíåíèå) - òåðàïåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÍÀÐÐÀÒÈÂ (àíãë. è ôð. narrative - ðàññêàç, ïîâåñòâîâàíèå) - ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè ïîñòìîäåðíà,Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÍÀÐÖÈÑÑÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. Narciss - Íàðöèññ, Íàðêèññ) - â íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîì çíà÷åíèè - ñàìÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÍÀÑÈËÈÅ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÍÀÑÈËÈÅ ÍÀÒÎÐÏ (Natorp) Ïàóëü (1854-1924) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÍÀÓÊÀ - îñîáûé âèä ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, íàïðàâëåííîé íà âûðàáîòêó îáúåêòèâíûõ, ñèñ© B.C. Ñòåïèí
ÍÀÓ×ÍÀß ÊÀÐÒÈÍÀ ÌÈÐÀ - îñîáàÿ ôîðìà òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî çíàíèÿ, ðåïðåçåíòèðóþùàÿ ïðåäìåò èññëåäË.Ô. Êóçíåöîâà
ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ - ñïåöèôè÷åñêîå ñîñòîÿíèå ñîçíàíèÿ ýòíîñà è ñîöèàëüíî-ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêèõ îðèåíòàöÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÍÀÖÈß (ëàò. natio - ïëåìÿ, íàðîä) - ïîëèñåìàíòè÷íîå ïîíÿòèå, ïðèìåíÿåìîå äëÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêèäåÿìè Ìàê-Ëþýíà). Âìåñòå ñ òåì Ñìèò ("Ïðîèñõîæäåíèå íàöèé", 1989), íàïðîòèâ, ïîä÷åðêèâàåò, ÷òÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÍÅÂÐÎÇÛ - (1) ãðóïïà ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ ïñèõîãåííûõ íåðâíî-ïñèõè÷åñêèõ ðàññòðîéñòâ, âîçíèêàþÈ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
HEÉPAT (Neurath) Îòòî (1882-1945) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã è ýêîíîìèñò. Áûë îäíèì èÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÍÅÌÅÖÊÀß ÊËÀÑÑÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - îïðåäåëåííûé ïåðèîä â ðàçâèòèè íåìåöêîé ôèëîñîôñêîé ìûñëÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÍÅÍÀÑÈËÈß ôèëîñîôèÿ è ýòèêà - êóëüòóðíî-ìèðîâîççðåí÷åñêàÿ ïàðàäèãìà îïïîçèöèè íàñèëèþ â ëþÅ.È. ßí÷óê
ÍÅÎÁÕÎÄÈÌÎÑÒÜ È ÑËÓ×ÀÉÍÎÑÒÜ - êàòåãîðèàëüíàÿ îïïîçèöèÿ òðàäèöèîííîé ôèëîñîôèè, â ñîäåðæàíèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÍÅÎÊÀÍÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ - ôèëîñîôñêîå òå÷åíèå â Ãåðìàíèè, ðàçâèâàâøåå ó÷åíèå Êàíòà â äóõå ïîñëåäîâàÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÍÅÎÌÀÐÊÑÈÇÌ - ïîíÿòèå, èñïîëüçóåìîå: à) â óçêîì ñìûñëå - äëÿ ôèêñàöèè è ñîäåðæàòåëüíîé õàðÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÍÅÎÏËÀÒÎÍÈÇÌ - ôèëîñîôñêî-ìèñòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå àíòè÷íîé ìûñëè 3-6 ââ., ñîåäèíÿþùåå âîñòÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÍÅÎÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ - ñì. ÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ
ÍÅÎÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ãðå÷. neos - íîâûé è ïñèõîàíàëèç) - 1) Ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêè îðèåíòèðîâàííîå íÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÍÅÎÒÎÌÈÇÌ - ñîâðåìåííàÿ âåðñèÿ (ñîáñòâåííî íîâåéøèé - òðåòèé - ïåðèîä ðàçâèòèÿ) òîìèçìà, íÀ.Â. Âàñèí,, Ñ.Ë. Ëåïèí
ÍÅÏÎÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ - 1) îïðåäåëåííîãî ðîäà çíàíèå, ïîëó÷åííîå â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðÿìîãî êîíòàêòíîÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà.
"ÍÅ-ß" - ïðîòèâîïîëàãàåìûé "ÿ" îäèí èç ÷ëåíîâ âòîðîãî îñíîâîïîëîæåíèÿ íàóêîó÷åíèÿ Ôèõòå, ãÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÍÈÊÎËÀÉ ÊÓÇÀÍÑÊÈÉ (Nicolaus Cusanus) (íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Íèêîëàé Êðåáñ (Krebs)) (1401-1464) -òàòîâ, ïîñâÿùåííûõ ïðîáëåìå êâàäðàòóðû êðóãà, óòî÷íåíèþ ÷èñëà Ë è äð. Ïðè òðàäèöèîíàëèçìå ôèëîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÍÈÐÂÀÍÀ - ñì. ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÍÈÐÂÀÍÛ
ÍÈÖØÅ (Nietzsche) Ôðèäðèõ (1844-1900) - íåìåöêèé ìûñëèòåëü, êîòîðûé äàë ïðîëîã ê íîâîé êóëÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÍÎÂÀËÈÑ (Novalis) (íàñòîÿùèå èìÿ è ôàìèëèÿ - Ôðèäðèõ ôîí Õàðäåíáåðã (von Haardcnbcrg) (177È. Ê. Èãíàòüåâà
ÍÎÂÃÎÐÎÄÖÅ Ïàâåë Èâàíîâè÷ (1866-1924) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ïðàâîâåä. Îêîí÷èë þðèäÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÍÎÂÎÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ - êîìïëåêñíûé, çàâåðøåííûé, öåëåíàïðàâëåííûé ïðîöåññ ñîçäàíèÿ, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÅ.Å. Êó÷êî
ÍÎÌÈÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. nomina - èìåíà, nominalis - îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê íàçâàíèÿì) - (1) - â óçêîì ñìûñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÍÎÌÎÒÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ - ñì. ÂÈÍÄÅËÜÁÀÍÄ, ÈÑÒÎÐÈÖÈÇÌ
ÍÎÎÑÔÅÐÀ (ãðå÷. nous - ðàçóì, sphaira - øàð) - ñôåðà âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ïðèðîäû è îáùåñòâà. ÒåÀ.Â. Áîðêîâñêàÿ
ÍÎÐÌÀ (ëàò. norma - ðóêîâîäÿùåå íà÷àëî, ïðàâèëî, îáðàçåö) - 1) ñðåäíÿÿ âåëè÷èíà, õàðàêòåðèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÍÎÑÒÀËÜÃÈß (ëàò. nostalgie - òîñêà ïî ðîäèíå, ïî ïðîøëîìó) - êîìïëåêñ óñòîé÷èâûõ äîëãîâðåìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, À.È. Ìåðöàëîâà
ÍÎÑÒÀËÜÃÈß, íîñòàëüãè÷åñêîå (ãðå÷. nostos - âîçâðàùåíèå è algos - áîëü) - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÍÎÓÌÅÍ - ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå, êîòîðîå áûëî ââåäåíî â íåîïëàòîíèçìå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ìèðà óìÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷
ÍÎÝÇÈÑ è ÍÎÝÌÀ (ãðå÷. noesis - ìûøëåíèå, noema - àêò ìûøëåíèÿ) - ïîíÿòèÿ, ôèêñèðóþùèå ìîäóÎ.Í. Øïàðàãà
ÍÓÖÓÁÈÄÇÅ Øàëâà (1888-1969) - ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê, êóëüòóðîëîã. Îêîí÷èë èñòîðèêî-ôèëÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÁÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈÅ - ìûñëèòåëüíûé ïðîöåññ, îñíîâàííûé íà èñïîëüçîâàíèè îïðåäåëåííûõ çíàíèé, íîðì Íàèáîëüøåé ïðèíóäèòåëüíîé ñèëîé îáëàäàåò äåäóêòèâíàÿ äåìîíñòðàöèÿ, ìåíüøåé ïðèíóäèòåëüíîé ñèëîß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷
ÎÁÐÀÇ ÆÈÇÍÈ - ïîíÿòèå îòå÷åñòâåííîé ñîöèîëîãèè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùåå êîíêðåòíûå ñîöèîêóëüòóðíûåíîé (ïî äîñòàòî÷íî çíà÷èòåëüíîé) àâòîíîìíîñòè îò ìàêðîñî-öèàëüíûõ ñòðóêòóð è â åå âîçäåéñòâèè Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ - ìíîãîçíà÷íîå ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå è ñôåðó ñîöèîêóëüòóðíîé ïðàêòèêè, è îòðàñÑ.Á. Ñàâåëîâà
ÎÁÙÅÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèå, îïèñûâàþùåå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ìåæäó ëþäüìè (ñóáúåêò-ñóáúåêòíîå îòíîøåíèå) È.Í. Êðàñàâöåâà, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÄÎÃÎÂÎÐÀ òåîðèÿ - ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ, òðàêòóþùàÿ ãðàæäàíñêîå îáÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ ÌÍÅÍÈÅ - â íàèáîëåå îáùåì çíà÷åíèè - ýòî îäîáðåíèå èëè íåîäîáðåíèå ïóáëè÷íî íÅ.À. Óãðèíîâè÷
ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎ-ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß - öåíòðàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå ìàðêñèñòñîé òåîðèè îáùåñòâà èëè èÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÅ ÎÒÍÎØÅÍÈß - ìíîãîîáðàçíûå, ïðèñóùèå îáùåñòâó ñâÿçè, óñòàíàâëèâàþùèåñÿ ìåæäó ñÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà
ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå, ôèêñèðóþùåå ïðåäìåò ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè: â êà÷åñòâå áàçèñíîé êàòåãîðèÂ.Ã. Èçîõ
ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ ÈÇÎÁÈËÈß - òåðìèí, ïðèìåíÿåìûé êëàññè÷åñêîé íåìàðêñèñòñêîé ñîöèîëîãèåé â 1950-196À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÎÁÙÅ×ÅËÎÂÅ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ - ñèñòåìà àêñèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ìàêñèì, ñîäåðæàíèå êîòîðûõ íå ñâÿçàíî Í.Ã. Ñåâîñòüÿíîâà
ÎÁÙÍÎÑÒÜ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÁÙÍÎÑÒÜ
ÎÁÚÅÊÒ - ñì. ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒ è ÎÁÚÅÊÒ
ÎÁÚßÑÍÅÍÈÅ - ôóíêöèÿ ïîçíàíèÿ, íàóêè, íàó÷íîé òåîðèè, ðåàëèçóåìàÿ ÷åðåç ëîãèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÃÁÎÐÍ (Ogburn) Óèëüÿì (1886-1959) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåé ñîöèîëîãèè Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÎÄÈÍÎ×ÅÑÒÂÎ - ñîñòîÿíèå è îùóùåíèå ÷åëîâåêà, íàõîäÿùåãîñÿ â óñëîâèÿõ ðåàëüíîé èëè ìíèìîé êÈ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÎÊÊÀÇÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. occasio - ñëó÷àé, occasionalis - ñëó÷àéíûé) - íàïðàâëåíèå â çàïàäíî-åâÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÎÊÊÀÌ Óèëüÿì - ñì. ÓÈËÜßÌ ÎÊÊÀÌ
ÎÊÊÀÌÈÇÌ - ñì. ÒÅÐÌÈÍÈÇÌ
ÎÍÒÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. on, ontos - ñóùåå, logos - ó÷åíèå) - ó÷åíèå î áûòèè: â êëàññè÷åñêîé ôèëîñÌ .À. Ìîæåéêî
ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÀÖÈß - ïðîöåäóðà óñòàíîâëåíèÿ ñâÿçè êîíöåïòóàëüíîé ñõåìû ñ åå ìåòîäè÷åñêèì èíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. operatio - äåéñòâèå) - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè íàóêè, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÏÎÍßÒÈÉ - ëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà óêàçàíèÿ ýìïèðè÷åñêèõ (â ïðèíöèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ, äåñêðèïöèÿ (àíãë. description - îïèñàíèå) - 1) - ïðîöåäóðû ôèêñàöèè ñðåäñòâàìè åÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÏÎÑÐÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ - 1) ïðîöåññ âîñïðèÿòèÿ è ïåðåäà÷è èíôîðìàöèè áåç íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé ïîìîùè îðÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà.
ÎÏÐÀÂÄÀÍÈÅ - îäèí èç âèäîâ îáîñíîâàíèÿ íàó÷íîãî çíàíèÿ, îïèðàþùèéñÿ íà èñïîëüçîâàíèå àêñèîß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷
ÎÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ è ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèÿ, îôîðìèâøèåñÿ â èñòîðèêî-ôèëîñîôñêîé òðàäèöèè Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÏÐÎÂÅÐÆÅÍÈÅ - òàêîé âèä îáîñíîâàíèÿ â ëîãèêå è ìåòîäîëîãèè íàóêè, â ïðîöåññå êîòîðîãî óñòß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷
ÎÏÛÒ - 1) ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ öåëîñòíîñòü è óíèâåðñàëüíîñòü ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé äåÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà
ÎÐÃÀÇÌ - êðàòêîâðåìåííûé âûñøèé ýòàï ïðîöåññà ïñè-õî-ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîãî íàñëàæäåíèÿ, âûñòóïàÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ
ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß
ÎÐÃÀÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè è ñîöèîëîãèè, ÿâèâøåå ñîáîé â ñîäåðæàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÎÐÒÅÃÀ-è-ÃÀÑÑÅÒ (Ortega ó Gasset) Xoce (1883-1955) - èñïàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîðñêàÿ äèññåðòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÎÐÒÎÄÎÊÑÈß (ëàò. ortos - ïðàâèëüíûé, doxa - ìíåíèå) - (1) - â òåîëîãèè: ýêâèâàëåíò ïðàâîñëÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÎÐÓÝËË (Orwell) Äæîðäæ (íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Ýðèê Àðòóð Áëýð) (1903-1950) - áðèòàíñêèé ïèñàòåëüÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÎÐÔÈÇÌ - òå÷åíèå àíòè÷íîé ìèôîëîãèè â ïîçäíåýïè÷å-ñêîì åå âàðèàíòå, ñâÿçàííîå ñ èìåíàìè Ìó
Â.Â. Ëîáà÷
"ÎÑÅÂÎÅ ÂÐÅÌß" - ôèëîñîôñêî-èñòîðè÷åñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, ââåäåííàÿ ßñïåðñîì êàê ñðåäñòâî îñìûñëÂ.Í. Ôóðñ
ÎÑÈÏΠÍèêîëàé Åâãðàôîâè÷ (1877-1934) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
"ÎÑÍÎÂÍÎÉ ÂÎÏÐÎÑ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ" - ìàðêñèñòñêàÿ èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé ïðîáëåìàòèêè, ôóíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÎÑÒÂÀËÜÄ (Ostvald) Âèëüãåëüì (1853-1932) - íåìåöêèé ôèçèêîõèìèê è ôèëîñîô. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÎÒÊËÎÍßÞÙÅÅÑß (ÄÅÂÈÀÍÒÍÎÅ) ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ - (ëàò. deviatio - îòêëîíåíèå) - ôîðìà ïðîÿâëåíèÿ îòíÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÎÒÊÐÎÂÅÍÈÅ - öåíòðàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå òåèñòè÷åñêîé ìèñòèêè, âûðàæàþùåå àêò íåïîñðåäñòâåííîãî âîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÎÒÊÐÛÒÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå, àêòèâíî èñïîëüçîâàâøååñÿ Ïîïïåðîì â êíèãå "Îòêðûòîå îáùåñòâî À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÎÒÐÀÆÅÍÈÅ - êàòåãîðèÿ ãíîñåîëîãèè, âûñòóïàþùàÿ â êà÷åñòâå ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé äëÿ ìàòåðèàëèñòèÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÎÒ×ÓÆÄÅÍÈÅ - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ îáùåñòâåííîãî ïðîöåññà, â ãðàíèöàõ êîòîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÎÖÅÍÊÀ - ñïîñîá óñòàíîâëåíèÿ çíà÷èìîñòè ÷åãî-ëèáî äëÿ äåéñòâóþùåãî è ïîçíàþùåãî ñóáúåêòà. Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÎÙÓÙÅÍÈÅ - ïðîñòåéøèé àíàëèòèêî-ñèíòåòè÷åñêèé àêò ñåíñîðíîãî ïîçíàíèÿ. Î. âîçíèêàåò â ðåçóÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê
Ïàâåë (Paulus) Àïîñòîë (ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîå èìÿ Ñàâë èëè Ñàóë) (óì. 66/67) - õðèñòèàíñêèé ïðîïîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÀÂËÎÂ Èâàí Ïåòðîâè÷ (1849-1936) - ðóññêèé ôèçèîëîã, àêàäåìèê (1907). Ëàóðåàò Íîáåëåâñêîé Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÏÀÍÒÅÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. pan - âñå è theos - Áîã) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîìó Áîã è ïðèÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÏÀÐÀÄÈÃÌÀ (ãðå÷. paradeigma - ïðèìåð, îáðàçåö) - 1) ïîíÿòèå àíòè÷íîé è ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ôèëîñ
Å.Â. Õîìè÷
ÏÀÐÀÍÀÓ×ÍÎÅ ÇÍÀÍÈÅ - ôîðìû ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, âîçíèêàþùèå êàê àëüòåðíàòèâà èëè äÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ
ÏÀÐÀÖÅËÜÑ (ëàò. Paracelsus - "áîëåå âåëèêèé, íåæåëè Öåëüñ") Àóðåîë Òåîôðàñò, íàñòîÿùåå èìÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÀÐÅÉÑÎÍ (Pareyson) Ëóèäæè (1918-1991) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Àêàäåìèê, ÷ëåí ÌåæäóíàðîäíîãÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÀÐÅÒÎ (Pareto) Âèëüôðåäî (1848-1923) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ñîöèîëîã è ýêîíîìèñò, âíåñøÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê
ÏÀÐÌÅÍÈÄ Ýëåéñêèé (âòîðàÿ ïîëîâèíà 6 - íà÷àëî 5 â. äî í.ý.) - îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ýëåéñêîé øêîëÂ.Í. Ôóðñ
ÏÀÐÑÎÍÑ (Parsons) Òîëêîòò (1902-1979) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã. Îñíîâàòåëü øêîëû ñòðóêòóðíîìà â îòëè÷èå îò ëèíèè ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî ñòðóêòóðàëèçìà Ìåðòîíà, ïî îïðåäåëåíèþ Äæ. Òåðíåðà). Íà Å.À. Óãðèíîâè÷
ÏÀÑÊÀËÜ (Pascal) Áëåñ (1623-1662) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-ìèñòèê è ìàòåìàòèê, îñíîâîïîëîæíèêÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà
ÏÀÒÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ (ëàò. patres - îòöû) - íàïðàâëåíèå ôè-ëîñîôñêî-òåîëîãè÷åñêîé ìûñëè 2-8 ââ., ñâÿÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÏÅÄÀÃÎÃÈÊÀ - íàóêà, îáúåêòîì èçó÷åíèÿ êîòîðîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáðàçîâàíèå êàê îñîáàÿ îáëàñòü ñîöèÑ.Á. Ñàâåëîâà
ÏÅÉÍ (Paine) Òîìàñ (1737-1809) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü àÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷
ÏÅÐÅÍÅÑÅÍÈÅ, ïåðåíîñ - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàò ñïîíòàííîãî îòíîøåíèÿ ÷åëîâåêà êÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÅÐÈÏÀÒÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ (ËÈÊÅÉ, ÏÅÐÈÏÀÒÎÑ) (ãðå÷. peripatoi - êðûòàÿ ãàëåðåÿ) - ïî íàçâàíèþÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÅÐÑÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. persona - ëè÷íîñòü) - êîíöåïöèÿ ÷åëîâåêà â ñîâðåìåííîé õðèñòèàíñêîé ôèëîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÏÅÒÐ ÀÁÅËßÐ (Abelard, Abailard) (1079-1142) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è òåîëîã, ïðè æèçíè ïîëóÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÏÅÒÐ ÄÀÌÈÀÍÈ (Damiani) (1007-1072) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ñõîëàñò, åïèñêîï â Îñòèè, êÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÅÒÐ èç Ãîíåíäçà (Ïåòð Ãåçêà, Ãîíåçèé) (ìåæäó 1525 è 1530-1573) - òåîëîã, ïèñàòåëü, èäåîëîÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÏÅÒÐÀÆÈÖÊÈÉ Ëåâ Èîñèôîâè÷ (1867-1931) - ðóññêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðàâîâåä, ôèëîñîô. Çàêîí÷èë þðèäÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÏÅÒÐΠÌèõàèë Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1924-1987) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, òåîðåòèê íàóêè, êóëüòóðîëîã, èÄ.Ì. Âóëûíêî, Ñ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÏÈÀÆÅ (Piaget) Æàí (1896-1980) - øâåéöàðñêèé ó÷åíûé, îäèí èç âåäóùèõ ïñèõîëîãîâ 20 â. ÑîçäÃ.Ì. Êó÷èíñêèé
ÏÈÅÒÈÇÌ (ëàò. pietas - áëàãî÷åñòèå) - ìèñòè÷åñêîå ó÷åíèå â îðòîäîêñàëüíîì ëþòåðàíñòâå, ïîÿÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí
ÏÈÊÎ ÄÅËËÀ ÌÈÐÀÍÄÎËÀ Äæîâàííè - ñì. ÔËÎÐÅÍÒÈÉÑÊÈÅ ÏËÀÒÎÍÈÊÈ
ÏÈÐÑ(Ðåirñå) ×àðëüç Ñàíäåðñ (1839-1914) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê, ìàòåìàòèê, "îòåö íàèëè ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ, íå çàâèñèìîãî íè îò ÷åãî äðóãîãî, ÷èñòîå ïðèñóòñòâèå ôåíîìåíà", ñâîáîäíîå îÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÈÑÀÐÅ Äìèòðèé Èâàíîâè÷ (1840-1868) - ðóññêèé ïóáëèöèñò è ëèòåðàòóðíûé êðèòèê, ïîïóëÿðèçàÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÏÈÔÀÃÎÐ Ñàìîññêèé (îê. 570 - îê. 500 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, ðåëèãèîçíûé è ïîëÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÏÈÔÀÃÎÐÅÈÇÌ - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôñêàÿ øêîëà, êîòîðàÿ ñóùåñòâîâàëà â 6-4 ââ. äî í.ý., èäóàëüíîì áåññìåðòèè è ïåðåñåëåíèè äóø (ìåòåìïñèõîçå).  äàëüíåéøåì, èäåè Ï. ïîëó÷èëè ðàñïðîñòðÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÏËÀÒÎÍ (Plato) (428/427-348/347 äî í.ý.) -äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, êëàññèê ôèëîñîôñêîé òðàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÏËÅÑÍÅÐ (Plessner) Õåëüìóò (1892-1985) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç ðîäîíà÷àëüíèêîâ ôèëîñîôÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÏËÅÒÎÍ - ñì. ÔËÎÐÅÍÒÈÉÑÊÈÅ ÏËÀÒÎÍÈÊÈ
ÏËÅÕÀÍΠÃåîðãèé Âàëåíòèíîâè÷ (1857-1918) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ñîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏËÎÒÈÍ (Plotinos) (204/205-269) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü íåîïëàòîíèçìà. ÐîäèëÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÏËÞÐÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. pluralis - ìíîæåñòâåííûé) - ôè-ëîñîôñêî-ìèðîâîççðåí÷åñêàÿ ïîçèöèÿ, óòâåðæäË.Ñ. Äóäèíñêèé
ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ - ïðèñóùåå æèâûì ñóùåñòâàì âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäîé, îïîñðåäîâàííîå èõÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÏÎÄÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ (ïîäñîçíàòåëüíîå) - ñîáèðàòåëüíîå ïîíÿòèå, êîòîðûì îáîçíà÷àþò ðàçëè÷íûå íåîñîçÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÎÄÒÂÅÐÆÄÅÍÈÅ - îäèí èç âèäîâ îáîñíîâàíèÿ, ñîñòîÿùèé â âûâåäåíèè ñëåäñòâèé èç íàëè÷íîãî ãèß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷
ÏÎÄÕÎÄ - êîìïëåêñ ïàðàäèãìàòè÷åñêèõ, ñèíòàãìàòè÷åñêèõ è ïðàãìàòè÷åñêèõ ñòðóêòóð è ìåõàíèçìÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ (ëàò. positivus - ïîëîæèòåëüíûé) - (1) ïà-ðàäèãìàëüíàÿ ãíîñåî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê
ÏÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - òâîð÷åñêàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ñóáúåêòà, îðèåíòèðîâàííàÿ íà ïîëó÷åíèå äîñòîâåðíûõ çíàíÅ.Â. Õîìè÷
ÏÎËÀÍÈ (Polanyi) Ìàéêë (1891-1976) -áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ïîñòïîçèòèâèçìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÎËÈÌÎÐÔÍÀß ÑÅÊÑÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ - ïîíÿòèå Ìàðêó-çå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ôîðìó ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé ñåêñóàëüíîñòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÎËÈÒÅÈÇÌ È ÌÎÍÎÒÅÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. poly - ìíîãî, ãàî-nos - îäèí, theos - Áîã) - ðåëèãèîçíîå ó÷åíÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. politika - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûå è îáùåñòâåííûå äåëà) - ñôåðà äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ñâÿçäîáð è ñïðàâåäëèâ ê íàðîäó è ïî÷òèòåëåí ê ñòàðøèì. Âàæíîå ìåñòî â åãî ó÷åíèè çàíèìàåò çàêîí îáB.C. Òàðàñîâ
ÏÎËÈÒÖÅÐ (Politzer) Æîðæ (1903-1942) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã. Ðîäèëñÿ â Âåíãðèè. Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÎÌÅÐÀÍÖ Ãðèãîðèé Ñîëîìîíîâè÷ (ð. 1918) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã, ïèñàòåëü. Ó÷àñòÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî, Ñ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÏÎÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ - ïðîöåäóðà ïîñòèæåíèÿ èëè ïîðîæäåíèÿ ñìûñëà. Ï. íå âïèñûâàåòñÿ â ñóáúåêò-îáúåêòíèíòåðïðåòàöèÿ: îáúÿñíåíèå íà îäíîì óðîâíå çíàíèÿ ïîäãîòàâëèâàåò ïî÷âó äëÿ ïåðåèíòåðïðåòàöèè ôàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÏÎÍÈÌÀÞÙÀß ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß - â óçêîì ñìûñëå - ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ Ì. Âåáåðà, ïðåäïîëîæèâøÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÏÎÍßÒÈÅ - ôîðìà ìûñëè, îáîáùåííî îòðàæàþùàÿ ïðåäìåòû è ÿâëåíèÿ ïîñðåäñòâîì ôèêñàöèè èõ ñóùÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ
ÏÎÏÏÅÐ (Popper) Êàðë Ðàéìóíä (1902-1994) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê è ñîöèîëîã. Äî 1937 ðíèêàþò êàê ñïåöèôè÷åñêàÿ ðåàêöèÿ íà òîò èëè èíîé âèä óãíåòåíèÿ: äîêòðèíà èçáðàííîñòè åâðåéñêîãÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÎÐßÄÎÊ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÎÐßÄÎÊ
ÏÎÑÒÈÍÄÓÑÒÐÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè è ñîöèîëîãèè, èñïîëüçóåìîå â ðàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÏÎÑÒÌÎÄÅÐÍÈÇÌ - ïîíÿòèå, èñïîëüçóåìîå â ñîâðåìåííîé êóëüòóðîëîãèè äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñïåöèôè÷Ì.Ð. Æáàíêîâ
ÏÎÑÒÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ - ñì. ÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ ÏÎÑÒÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀËÈÇÌ - ñîâîêóïíîå îáîçíà÷åíèå ðÿäà ïîäõîäîâ âÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÏÎÑÒÓËÀÒ (ëàò. postulatum - òðåáîâàíèå) - ïðèíöèï, ïîëîæåíèå, êîòîðûé ñëóæèò îñíîâàíèåì äëÂ.Í. Ðåòóíñêèé
ÏÎÑÒÔÐÅÉÄÈÇÌ (àíãë. post - ïîñëå è ôðåéäèçì) - ñîáèðàòåëüíîå ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÎÒÅÁÍß Àëåêñàíäð Àôàíàñüåâè÷ (1835-1891) - óêðàèíñêèé è ðóññêèé ëèíãâèñò, ôèëîñîô è êóëüòàâòîðñêèé, è, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, äî íåêîòîðîé ñòåïåíè íåïîâòîðèìî-íåïîíÿòíûé.  ñâîåé ëèíãâèñòè÷åñÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÏÎÒÅÉ Èïàòèé (ñâåòñêîå èìÿ Àäàì Ëüâîâè÷) (1541-1613) - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé è öåðêîâíûé äåÿòåëüÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÏÐÀÂÎ - ìíîãîàñïåêòíîå ïîíÿòèå ãóìàíèòàðíûõ äèñöèïëèí. Êàíò îïðåäåëÿë Ï. êàê ñîâîêóïíîñòü Ã.À. Âàñèëåâè÷
ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÈÅ - ñëàâÿíñêèé ýêâèâàëåíò îðòîäîêñèè (ãðå÷. ortodoxia - ïðàâèëüíîå çíàíèå). ÒåðìÑ.Ë. Ëåíèí
ÏÐÀÃÌÀÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. pragma - äåëî, äåéñòâèå) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, ðàññìàòðèâàþùåå äåéñòâèå,À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÐÀÊÑÅÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. praxis - äåéñòâèå) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòè, èìåþùàÿ â íàñ
Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÏÐÀÊÒÈÊÀ - êàòåãîðèÿ, êîòîðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü îòíåñåíà êî âñåé ñôåðå ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè Â.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂËÅÍÈÅ - 1) - Ôîðìà èíäèâèäóàëüíîãî ÷óâñòâåííîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, èìåþùàÿ ñâîèì ðåçóëüòàòîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÏÐÈÁÀÂÎ×ÍÀß ÐÅÏÐÅÑÑÈß (äîïîëíèòåëüíîå ïîäàâëåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå Ìàðêóçå, êîòîðûì îí îáîçíà÷àë Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÐÈÃÎÆÈÍ (Prigogine) Èëüÿ Ðîìàíîâè÷ (ð. 1917) - áåëüãèéñêèé ôèçèê è ôèëîñîô ðóññêîãî ïðîèñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ê.Í. Ìåçÿíàÿ
ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ (ëàò. principum - íà÷àëî, îñíîâà, ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, ïåðâîïðè÷èíà) - îñíîâàíèå íåêîòîðÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÍÈÐÂÀÍÛ (ñàíñêðèò, íèðâàíà - óñïîêîåíèå, óãàñàíèå: îïèñàííîå â äðåâíåèíäèéñêîé ðåëÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÏÎÑÒÎßÍÑÒÂÀ (ëàò. principium - îñíîâà, íà÷àëî) - ïî Ôðåéäó, îäèí èç ïðèíöèïîâ ðåãóÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÈÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ - ïî Ìàðêóçå, îäíà èç èñòîðè÷åñêèõ ôîðì ïðèíöèïà ðåàëüíîñòè, ïðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÐÅÀËÜÍÎÑÒÈ (ëàò. principium - îñíîâà, íà÷àëî è ëàò. realis - âåùåñòâåííûé) - ïî ÔðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÓÄÎÂÎËÜÑÒÂÈß (ëàò. principium - îñíîâà, íà÷àëî) - ïî Ôðåéäó, ãîñïîäñòâóþùèé ïðèíöèïÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÛ ÏÑÈÕÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÆÈÇÍÈ (ëàò. prmcipium - îñíîâà, íà÷àëî) - îñíîâàíèÿ, ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÐÈÐÎÄÀ - â ïðåäåëüíî øèðîêîì ñìûñëå - "âåëèêîå öåëîå" (Ãîëüáàõ), ò.å. âñå ñóùåå, âåñü Ìèð ãëàñíî ñîâðåìåííîé ëîãèêå, îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîäîáíûõ ñèñòåì íå îòâå÷àþò âûñîêèì ñòàíäàðòàì òî÷íîñòèÀ.Â. Áàðêîâñêàÿ
ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÀ è ÑËÅÄÑÒÂÈÅ - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, ôèêñèðóþùèå ãåíåòè÷åñêóþ ñâÿçü ìåæäó ÿâëåíèÿìÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà
ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÀ (ãðå÷. problema - ïðåãðàäà, òðóäíîñòü, çàäà÷à) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå - ñëîæíûé òåîðåÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ
ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÀÒÈÇÀÖÈß - ôîðìû è ìåòîäû ïîñòàíîâêè è óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ïðîáëåì â ìûøëåíèè. Ï. îïðåäåëÿÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÏÐÎÂÈÄÅÍÈÅ - ñì. ÏÐÎÂÈÄÅÍÖÈÀËÈÇÌ ÏÐÎÂÈÄÅÍÖÈÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. providentio - ïðåäâèæó) - ñïåöèôè÷åÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇ - âåðîÿòíîñòíîå ñóæäåíèå î ñîñòîÿíèè êàêîãî-ëèáî ÿâëåíèÿ â áóäóùåì, îñíîâàííîå íà Ì.Í. Ìàçàíèê
ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ - â óçêîì çíà÷åíèè - ñïåöèàëüíîå íàó÷íîå èññëåäîâàíèå ïåðñïåêòèâ ðàçâèòèÿ êÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê
ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÀ (ãðå÷. programme - îáúÿâëåíèå, ïðåäïèñàíèå) - ñïîñîá ïîøàãîâîé (ïîýòàïíîé) îðãàíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ - îñîáàÿ ôîðìà îðãàíèçàöèè ïðîáëåìíîãî ìûøëåíèÿ è äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ïðåäïîëàãÑ.Á. Ñàâåëîâà
ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ðàçíîâèäíîñòü øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîé â çàïàäíûõ ñòðàíàõ òåîðÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ
ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ - òèï, íàïðàâëåíèå ðàçâèòèÿ, õàðàêòåðèçóþùååñÿ ïåðåõîäîì îò íèçøåãî ê âûñøåìó, ê Ã.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÏÐÎÅÊÒ (ëàò. projectus - âûñòóïàþùèé âïåðåä) - ïðîòîòèï, ïðîîáðàç ïðåäëàãàåìîãî îáúåêòà. ÐÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà.
ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ - äåÿòåëüíîñòü ïî ñîçäàíèþ ïðîåêòîâ. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ, ìîæíî ñêàÑÁ. Ñàâåëîâà
ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ - îäíî èç îñíîâíûõ ïîíÿòèé ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèõ è ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ íàóê, îòðàæàþùåå àÀ.È. Ëîéêî
ÏÐÎÊË, ïî ïðîçâàíèþ Äèàäîõ, ò.å. "ïðååìíèê" (410-485) - ãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô-íåîïëàòîíèê. ÐîäÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÏÐÎËÅÃÎÌÅÍÛ (ãðå÷. prolegomena - ãîâîðèòü íàïåðåä) - â çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêîé èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîéÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÐÎÏÅÄÅÂÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. propaideio - ïðåäâàðÿþ) - ñîêðàùåííîå èçëîæåíèå êàêîé-ëèáî íàóêè â ñèñÀ.Í.Øóìàí
ÏÐÎÑÂÅÙÅÍÈÅ - ïîä Ï. ïðèíÿòî ïîíèìàòü êóëüòóðíî-èäåîëîãè÷åñêîå è ôèëîñîôñêîå äâèæåíèå îáùåÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÎ è ÂÐÅÌß - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðûõ îáîçíà÷àþòñÿ ôîðìû áûòèÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÐÎÒÀÃÎÐ (480-410 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ï. - èçâåñòíåéøèé èç ñîôèñòîâ (íàçûâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÏÐÎÒÅÑÒÀÍÒÈÇÌ (ëàò. protestans - ïðîòåñòóþùèé) - 1) Àíòèêàòîëè÷åñêîå äâèæåíèå ïåðèîäà Ðåôîëîâåê. Íàèáîëüøåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå Ï. ïîëó÷èë â ÑØÀ, ÔÐÃ, Ñêàíäèíàâñêèõ ñòðàíàõ, ÂåëèêîáðèòàíèèÀ.Â. Âàñèí
ÏÐÎÒÅÑÒÀÍÒÑÊÀß ÝÒÈÊÀ - ñèñòåìà íîðì è öåííîñòåé, à òàêæå ïàðàäèãìà ïðèîðèòåòíîãî ïîâåäåíèÿäàí ëèøü ýòîé èñêóïèòåëüíîé æåðòâîé ("è îïðàâäàííûé, è ãðåøíûé", ïî Ëþòåðó), è ëè÷íàÿ âåðà â ÑÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÏÐÎÒÈÂÎÐÅ×ÈÅ - öåíòðàëüíàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ äèàëåêòèêè.  ïðèíöèïå äèàëåêòèêà ñâîäèòñÿ ê èçó÷åíèþÂ.Ô. Âåðíîå
ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ - â óçêîì çíà÷åíèè - ðàçðàáîòàííûé Ôðåéäîì êîìïëåêñ ïñèõîäèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ è ïñèÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê
ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÃÅÐÌÅÍÅÂÒÈÊÀ - îäíî èç ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêè îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ òå÷åíèé ñîâðåìÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÑÈÕÎÁÈÎÃÐÀÔÈß (ãðå÷. psyche - äóøà è ãðå÷. biogra-phia - æèçíåîïèñàíèå, èñòîðèÿ æèçíè; æè
ÏÑÈÕÎÄÐÀÌÀ (ãðå÷. psyche - äóøà è ãðå÷. drama - äåéñòâèå) - ñîçäàííûé Ìîðåíî îäèí èç ïåðâûÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. psyche - äóøà, logos - ó÷åíèå, íàóêà, ñëîâî) - íàóêà î ïðîèñõîæäåíèè, ðàÈ.Ì. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß ÌÀÑÑ - îáëàñòü ïñèõîëîãèè, ïðåäìåòîì èññëåäîâàíèé êîòîðîé ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðèðîäà, ñóùÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÑÈÕÎÑÎÌÀÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. psyche - äóøà, äóõ è ãðå÷. soma - òåëî) - ìåæäèñöèïëèíàðíîå íàïðàâëåíàñòìó, ñàõàðíûé äèàáåò, ðåâìàòè÷åñêèé àðòðèò, áîëåçíè êîæè, ñåêñóàëüíûå ðàññòðîéñòâà, íåêîòîðûÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÏÓÐÀÍÜ (ñàíñêð. puranam akhyanam - "äðåâíåå ïðåäàíèå") - ôèëîñîôñêî-ðåëèãèîçíûå ïàìÿòíèêè Â.Â. Ëîáà÷
Ðàâåíñòâî - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÐÀÂÅÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÀÄÈÙÅ Àëåêñàíäð Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1749-1802) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ðåâîëþöèîííîéáåç òàêîé äóøè âåäàòü ïðîøëîå è áóäóùåå, çà ìãíîâåíèå ïðîáåãàÿ âåêà è ì÷àñü ìûñëüþ ñî ñêîðîñòüÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷
ÐÀÄÊËÈÔ-ÁÐÀÓÍ (Radclif-Brown) Àëüôðåä Ðåäæèíàëüä (1881-1955) - áðèòàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, ñîçäÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ - õàðàêòåðèñòèêà êà÷åñòâåííûõ èçìåíåíèé îáúåêòîâ, ïîÿâëåíèÿ íîâûõ ôîðì áûòèÿ, èííÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÐÀÉÕ (Reich) Âèëüãåëüì (1897-1957) - àâñòðî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÐÀÌÀÊÐÈØÍÀ (ìîíàøåñêîå èìÿ, íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Ãà-äàäõàð ×àòòåðäæè) (1836-1886) - èíäèéñêèé ôÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÐÀÍÊ (Rank) Îòòî (1884-1939) - àâñòðî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôèè (1912).Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÐÀÏÏÎÐÒ (ôðàíö. rapport - ñîîáùåíèå, îòíîøåíèå, ñâÿçü) - òèï ñâÿçè è ñâÿçü ìåæäó ëþäüìè, õÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÐÀÑÎÂÎ-ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - ðàçíîâèäíîñòü áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ â ñîöèîëîãèè âòîÅ.À. Êå÷èíà
ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ - ñì. ÎÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ è ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ
ÐÀÑÑÅË (Russell) Áåðòðàí, ëîðä (1872-1970) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê, ìàòåìàòèê, ñîöèîëîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. rationalis - ðàçóìíûé, ratio - ðàçóì) - íàïðàâëåíèå â ãíîñåîëîãèè è ïðàêÀ.È.Ëîéêî
ÐÅÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. realis - äåéñòâèòåëüíûé, âåùåñòâåííûé) - íàïðàâëåíèå ìûñëè, îñíîâàííîå íà ïðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÐÅÂÈÇÈÎÍÈÇÌ (ïîçäíåëàò. revisio - ïåðåñìîòð) - îäíî èç äîìèíèðóþùèõ òå÷åíèé â èäåîëîãèè ðàÐ.Í. Äîæäèêîâà, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÐÅÃÐÅÑÑÈß (ëàò. regressio - äâèæåíèå íàçàä) - 1) â íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîì çíà÷åíèè - ïðíàÿ Ð. (îáóñëîâëåííàÿ ñìåíîé îáðàçíûõ ïðåäñòàâëåíèé è ñïîñîáîâ âûðàæåíèÿ íà áîëåå ïðèìèòèâíûå,Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÐÅÄÓÊÖÈÎÍÈÇÌ - ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà, êîòîðàÿ çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â ñâåäåíèè ñëîæíîãî ê ïðîñòÈ.À.Ìåäâåäåâà
ÐÅÈÍÊÀÐÍÀÖÈß (èíä. "ñàíñàðà", ãðå÷. "ìåòåìïñèõîçà" - ïåðåñåëåíèå äóø, ïåðåâîïëîùåíèå) - îäÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÐÅÉÊ (Reik) Òåîäîð (1888-1969) - àâñòðî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð íàóê. Ó÷åíèê ÔðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÐÅÉÑÍÅÐ Ìèõàèë Àíäðååâè÷ (1868-1928) - ðîññèéñêèé ïðàâîâåä, ñîöèàëüíûé ïñèõîëîã è èñòîðèê.Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÐÅÊËÀÌÀ - ïî îïðåäåëåíèþ Àìåðèêàíñêîé àññîöèàöèè ìàðêåòèíãà - ëþáàÿ ïëàòíàÿ ôîðìà íåëè÷íîãÀ.Í. Áîáêîâà.
ÐÅËÈÃÈß (ëàò. religio - áëàãî÷åñòèå, íàáîæíîñòü, ñâÿòûíÿ) - ìèðîâîççðåíèå, ìèðîïîíèìàíèå, îñêîðáëåííîãî Áîãà, îñâîáîæäàþùèå îò ãðåõà (õðèñòèàíñòâî); á) èç óáåæäåíèÿ (áåç Áîãà) â ñêîðáíÀ.À. à ðèöèíîâ
ÐÅÐÈÕÈ, ñåìüÿ: Íèêîëàé Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1874-1947), Åëåíà Èâàíîâíà (1879-1955) è ñûíîâüÿ: ÞÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÐÅÔËÅÊÑÈß - ïðèíöèï ôèëîñîôñêîãî ìûøëåíèÿ, íàïðàâëåííûé íà îñìûñëåíèå è îáîñíîâàíèå ñîáñòâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÐÈÇÎÌÀ(ôð. rhizome - êîðíåâèùå) - ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè ïîñòìîäåðíà, ôèêñèðóþùåå ïðèíöèïèàëüíîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÐÈÊÅÐ (Ricoeur) Ïîëü (ð. 1913) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðîôåññîð Ñîðáîííû (Ôðàíöèÿ) è ×èêàãÂ.Â. Ñîôðîíîâ
PÈKKEPT(Rickert) Ãåíðèõ (1863-1936) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, âèäíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü Áàäåíñêîé ñêèì àêòîì - ñóæäåíèåì, ñ êîòîðûì, îäíàêî, íå ñîâïàäàåò, äàëåêî âûõîäÿ çà ãðàíèöû íåïîñðåäñòâåÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÐÈÑÌÅÍ (Riesman) Äýâèä (ð. 1909) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, þðèñò è ñîöèàëüíûé ïñèõîëîã. ÄîêÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî.
ÐÈÒÓÀË (ëàò. ritualis - îáðÿäîâûé, ritus - òîðæåñòâåííàÿ öåðåìîíèÿ, êóëüòîâûé îáðÿä) - îäíÂ.Í. Ôóðñ
ÐÎÄÆÅÐ ÁÝÊÎÍ (Roger Bacon) (îêîëî 1214-ïîñëå 1294) - ôèëîñîô è åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, ïðåäñòàÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÐÎÄÆÅÐÑ (Rogers) Êàðë Ðýíñîì (1902-1987) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã, èçâåñòíûé ïðàêòèê è òåîðÄ.Â. Åðìîëîâè÷
ÐÎÇÀÍΠÂàñèëèé Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1856-1919) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Íàõîäÿñü â öåíòðå ðàçâèòèÿ îòå÷åÍ.Ý. Áåêóñ, À.Í. Áûêîâñêèé
ÐÎÇÅÍÁÅÐà (Rosenberg) Àëüôðåä (1893-1946) - èäåîëîã è òåîðåòèê íàöèîíàë-ñîöèàëèñòè÷åñêîãî
À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÐÎÇÅÍÖÂÅÉà Ôðàíö (1886-1929) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô-äèàëîãèñò. Èçó÷àë ìåäèöèíó, çàòåì èñòîðèþ,ñîôèè äèàëîãà Ð. õàðàêòåðåí ðåøèòåëüíûé ïîâîðîò ê ìåòàôîðèêå ñëîâà.  ðàáîòå "Çâåçäà ÈñêóïëåíèÑÂ. Âîðîáüåâà
ÐÎËÜ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÐÎËÜ ÐÎÌÀÍÒÈÇÌ - ñëîæíîå, âíóòðåííå ïðîòèâîðå÷èâîå äóõîâíÈ.Ì. Íàëèâàéêî
ÐÎÐÒÈ (Rorty) Ðè÷àðä (ð. 1931) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïîñëå 15 ëåò ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ â Ïðèíñòîðàññìîòðåíèå èñòèíû îòäåëüíî îò âëàñòè ðåçóëüòèðóåòñÿ íå â òîì, ÷òî ÿçûê íàóêè ìîã áû îáåñïå÷èÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÐÎÑÒÎÓ (Rostow) Óîëò Óèòìåí (ð. 1916) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ýêîíîìèñò, ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÐÓÁÈÍØÒÅÉÍ Ñåðãåé Ëåîíèäîâè÷ (1889-1960) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã, îäèí èç îðãàíèçàòîðÂ.À. Ïîëèêàðïîâ
ÐÓÑÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - ÷àñòü ìèðîâîé ôèëîñîôèè, îáëàäàþùàÿ çíà÷èòåëüíûì èñòîðè÷åñêèì, ñîäåðæàÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÐÓÑÑÎ (Rousseau) Æàí-Æàê (1712-1778) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé ìûñëÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÀÂÎÍÀÐÎËÀ (Savonarola) Äæèðîëàìî (1452-1498) - èòàëüÿíñêèé õðèñòèàíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ðåëèãèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÀÄ (Sade) Äîíàñüåí-Àëüôîíñ-Ôðàíñóà äå (1740-1814) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïèñàòåëü, àâòîð ïîëèòè÷åñåñòü Áîã. Ôèçè÷åñêîå çëî, âðåäÿùåå îäíèì, ñëóæèò äëÿ ñ÷àñòüÿ äðóãèõ. Ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ÂñåâûøíåãîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÀËËÈÂÀÍ (Sullivan) Ãàððè (1892-1949) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîëîã, àâòîð îðèãèíàëüííèÿ â ïñèõèàòðèè" (1956), "Øèçîôðåíèÿ êàê ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé ïðîöåññ" (1962), "Ïñèõîïàòîëîãèÿ ëè÷íîñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÀÌÀÐÈÍ Þðèé Ôåäîðîâè÷ (1819-1876) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. ÎêîÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÑÀÌÎÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ (àíãë. self-determination) - ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàò âûáîðà ëè÷íîñòüþ ñâîåé ïîçÑÂ. Ñàâåëîâà
ÑÀÌÎÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - (ñàìî-ñî-çíàíèå) - ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîå îñîçíàíèþ âíåøíåãî ìèðà (îáúåêòà) ïåðåæè© Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÀÌÎÑÒÜ - (1) - ïîíÿòèå òðàäèöèîííîé íàòóðôèëîñîôèè, ôèêñèðóþùåå îïðåäåëåííîñòü îáúåêòà (í
À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÀÌÎÑÓÁËÈÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÑÅÊÑÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÈ � ïî Ìàðêóçå, ïîòåíöèàëüíàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ñåêñóàëüíîñòè ê ñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÀÍÑÀÐÀ (ñàíñêð. - ïåðåðîæäåíèå, êðóãîâîðîò, áëóæäàíèå, ïðîõîæäåíèå ÷åðåç íå÷òî) - îäíî èçÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÀÍÒÀßÍÀ (Santayana) Äæîðäæ (1863-1952) - îäèí èç âåäóùèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé àìåðèêàíñêîãî êðèÅ.Î. Ïîïåëúñêàÿ
ÑÀÏÅÃÀ Ëåâ Èâàíîâè÷ (1557-1633) - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé, îáùåñòâåííûé è âîåííûé äåÿòåëü ÂåëèêîãîÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÀÐÁÅÂÑÊÈÉ Ìàòåé Êàçèìèð (1595-1640) - íîâîëàòèíñêèé ïîýò è òåîðåòèê èñêóññòâà. Ðîäèëñÿ â Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÀÐÒÐ (Sartre) Æàí Ïîëü (1905-1980) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, îäèí èç íàèáîëåå çíà÷èñõîäÿùèì ñ áûòèåì. ×åëîâåê ïðîåêòèðóåò ñåáÿ ïîä çíàêîì ñàìîïðè÷èííîñòè êàê öåííîñòè. Ýòî "íåäíû ïåðåæèâàòüñÿ êàê "÷àñòíûå ñèòóàöèè". Ðàñêðûòèå ñèòóàöèè, îñóùåñòâëÿåìîå â ïðàêòèêå, åñòü äëÒ.Ì. Òóçîâà
ÑÀÕÀÐΠÀíäðåé Äìèòðèåâè÷ (1921-1989) - ðîññèéñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ó÷åíûé. Îòåö - Äìèòðèé Èâàíî© Å.Ã. Áîííýð
ÑÂÅÄÅÍÁÎÐà (Swedenborg) Ýìàíóýëü (1668-1772) - øâåäñêèé ó÷åíûé-åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü è òåîñîôÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû ñóáúåêòíîãî ðÿäà, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ âîçìîæíîñòü äåÿòåëüíîñòè è ïîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ ÂÎËÈ - ñïîñîáíîñòü ÷åëîâåêà ê ñàìîîïðåäåëåíèþ â ñâîèõ äåéñòâèÿõ.  êîíòåñòå ðàííåãÀ.Ï. Æäàíîâñêèé
ÑÃÓÙÅÍÈÅ - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðåéäà - ïðîöåññ, ìåõàíèçì è ñïîñîá ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ïñèõèêè, îáÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÅÊÑ (ëàò. sexus - ïîë) - êóëüòóðíûé ôåíîìåí âçàèìîîòíîøåíèé ïîëîâ, ôóíäèðîâàííûé áèîëîãè÷©Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÅÊÑÒ ÝÌÏÈÐÈÊ (200-250) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé âðà÷ è ôèëîñîô. Æèë â Àëåêñàíäðèè è Àôèíàõ. ÎñíîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÅÊÑÓÀËÜÍÀß ÐÅÂÎËÞÖÈß (ëàò. sexus - ïîë è ôð. revolution - ïåðåâîðîò) - ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÅËËÀÐÑ (Sellars) Ðîé Âóä (1880-1973) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé êðèòè÷åñÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÅÌÈÎÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. semeion - çíàê) - íàó÷íàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, èçó÷àþùàÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâî, ñòðîåíèå è À.Ð. Óñòàíîâà
ÑÅÌÜ ÌÓÄÐÅÖΠ- â äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé òðàäèöèè ãðóïïà èñòîðè÷åñêèõ ëèö (ãë. îÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÅÌÜß - îñíîâàííîå íà áðàêå èëè êðîâíî-ðîäñòâåííûõ îòíîøåíèÿõ îáúåäèíåíèå ëþäåé, ñâÿçàííîåÑ.Ä. Ëàïòåíîê
ÑÅÍÅÊÀ Ëóöèé Àííåé (Lucius Annaeus Seneka) (îê. 4-65) - äðåâíåðèìñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîýò è ãîñóÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÑÅÍ-ÑÈÌÎÍ (Sen-Simon) Êëîä-Àíðè äå Ðóâðóà (1760- 1825) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ñîöèîëîã, äèñòà. Þíîøåé ïîñòóïàåò íà âîåííóþ ñëóæáó, ó÷àñòâóåò â âîéíå çà íåçàâèñèìîñòü ñåâåðî-àìåðèêàíñÅ.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî
ÑÅÍÑÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. sensus - ÷óâñòâî, îùóùåíèå) - ãíîñåîëîãè÷åñêàÿ òðàäèöèÿ, ôóíäèðîâàííàÿ òðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÅ×ÅÍΠÈâàí Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1829-1905) - ðóññêèé ôèçèîëîã è ïñèõîëîã. Ïî÷åòíûé ÷ëåí ÏåòåðáóðãÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê
ÑÈÌÂÎË (ãðå÷. symbolon - çíàê, îïîçíàâàòåëüíàÿ ïðèìåòà; symballo - ñîåäèíÿþ, ñòàëêèâàþ, ñðÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÑÈÌÂÎË ÂÅÐÛ (ñëàâ. ýêâèâàëåíò ëàò. credo) - (1) îôèöèàëüíî çàôèêñèðîâàííàÿ ñèñòåìà îñíîâîïÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÈÌÂÎËÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÈÍÒÅÐÀÊÖÈÎÍÈÇÌ (àíãë. interaction - âçàèìîäåéñòâèå) - òåîðåòèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÈÌÅÎÍ ÏÎËÎÖÊÈÉ (Ñàìóèë Ãàâðèëîâè÷ Ïåòðîâñêèé-Ñèòíèÿíîâè÷) (1629-1680) - áåëîðóññêî-ðóññêèÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÈÌÓËßÊÐ (ôð. simulacres, îò simulation - ñèìóëÿöèÿ) - òåðìèí ôèëîñîôèè ïîñòìîäåðíèçìà äëÿÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÈÍÅÐÃÅÒÈÊÀ - ñîâðåìåííàÿ òåîðèÿ ñàìîîðãàíèçàöèè, íîâîå ìèðîâèäåíèå, ñâÿçûâàåìîå ñ èñëåäîâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ê.Í. Ìåçÿíàÿ
ÑÈÍÒÎÈÇÌ (ÿïîí. "ñèíòî" - ïóòü, ó÷åíèå áîãîâ) - òðàäèöèîííî ñëîæèâøàÿñÿ è íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ (ãðå÷. systema - ñîñòàâëåííîå èç ÷àñòåé, ñîåäèíåííîå) - êàòåãîðèÿ, îáîçíà÷àþùàÿ îáÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
"ÑÊÀÍÄÀË Â ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ" - ïîíÿòèå, ñóùåñòâîâàíèå êîòîðîãî âûçâàíî îñîáûì ñòàòóñîì ôèëîñîôèè À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÊÀÐÃÀ (Ïàâåíñêèé) Ïåòð (1536-1612) - ðåëèãèîçíûé è ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü Ðå÷è Ïîñïîëèòîé, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÊÅÏÒÈÖÈÇÌ - (1) - àíòè÷íûé - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîå ó÷åíèå, âïåðâûå îáîñíîâàííîå Ïèððîíîì èç ÝëèÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÑÊÎÂÎÐÎÄÀ Ãðèãîðèé Ñàââè÷ (1722-1794) - óêðàèíñêèé ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ôèëîñîô, ïåäàãîã, ïîýò. ÎÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÊÎÐÈÍÀ Ôðàíöèñê (Ôðàíòèøàê) (1490/?/ - 1551/?/) - áåëîðóññêèé ïåðâîïå÷àòíèê, ìûñëèòåëü-ãóÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÊÎÐÓËÜÑÊÈÉ Àíòîíèé (1715-1780) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýêëåêòè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè â Áåëàðóñè è ËèòâåÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÊÎÒ ÝÐÈÓÃÅÍÀ - ñì. ÈÎÀÍÍ ÑÊÎÒ ÝÐÈÓÃÅÍÀ ÑÊÎÒÈÇÌ - ñõîëàñòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå ñðåäíåâåêîâîéòîäîêñèè. Îñíîâîïîëîæíèê - Èîàíí Äóíñ Ñêîò. Îñíîâíûå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè: Àíòóàí Àíäðå, Ôðàíñóà ÌåéîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑËÀÂßÍÎÔÈËÜÑÒÂÎ (ÑËÀÂßÍÎËÞÁÈÅ) - ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå òå÷åíèå ðóññêîé îáùåñòâåííîé ìûñëèÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÑËÓ×ÀÉÍÎÑÒÜ â èñòîðè÷åñêîì ïðîöåññå - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ òàêèõ ñâÿçåé äåéÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÑÌÄ-ÌÅÒÎÄÎËÎÃÈß (ñèñòåìî-ìûñëåäåÿòåëüíîñòíàÿ ìåòîäîëîãèÿ) - ïîäõîä, ðàçðàáàòûâàåìûé äâèæåíÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÑÌÅÐÒÜ - â íàóêå - åñòåñòâåííîå è íåîáðàòèìîå ïðåêðàùåíèå æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ñà íåäîáðîäåòåëüíîé æèçíè: "êòî íàó÷èëñÿ ñìåðòè, òîò ðàçó÷èëñÿ áûòü ðàáîì" (Ñåíåêà). ÕðèñòèàíñêÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÀÂÒÎÐÀ - ñì. ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÀ
ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÁÎÃÀ - ñì. ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÀ
ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÀ - ïîñòìîäåðíèñòñêèé ìåòàôîðè÷åñêèé òåðìèí äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ îäíîãî èç äâóõ ï÷åëîâå÷åñêîé æèçíè íà Áîãà, ÷òî âûñòóïàåò êàê "êîíåö òåîëîãèè" (Ê. Ðàøêå). Àíàëîãè÷íî, ýñòåòè÷Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÌÅÕ - êóëüòóðíî-ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêèé ôåíîìåí êàê ñïåöèôè÷åñêàÿ îöåíî÷íàÿ ðåàêöèÿ ÷åëîâåêà íà äÅ.È. ßí÷óê
ÑÌÅÙÅÍÈÅ (ñäâèã) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðåéäà, ïðîöåññ, ìåõàíèçì è ñïîñîá ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ïñèõÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÌÈÒ (Smith) Àäàì (1723-1790) - øîòëàíäñêèé ýêîíîìèñò è ôèëîñîô, êëàññèê ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé íàóÀ.À. Áàêàíîâ
ÑÌÎÒÐÈÖÊÈÉ Ìåëåòèé (ñâåòñêîå èìÿ Ìàêñèì Ãåðàñèìîâè÷) (1575-1633) - ðåëèãèîçíûé äåÿòåëü ÁåëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÌÛÑË è ÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèÿ, çàäàþùèå ðàçíûå ôîðìû îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ îñíîâíîé ÿçûêîâîé ñâÿçè "çÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
ÑÍÎÂÈÄÅÍÈß - ðåãóëÿðíî âîçíèêàþùèé íîðìàëüíûé ïñèõè÷åñêèé ïðîöåññ â ïåðèîä ñíà (ãëàâíûì îáÈ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÍßÄÅÖÊÈÉ (Smadecki) Àíäæåé (1768-1838) - ïîëüñêèé ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ó÷åíûé, ïóáëèöèñò, ïîïóëÿÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÍßÄÅÖÊÈÉ (Smadecki) ßí (1756-1830) - ïîëüñêèé ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ìàòåìàòèê, àñòðîíîì, áðàò À. Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÎÁÎÐÍÎÑÒÜ - ïîíÿòèå ðóññêîé ôèëîñîôèè, âûðàáîòàííîå Õîìÿêîâûì â ðàìêàõ åãî ó÷åíèÿ î ÖåðêâÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÑÎÂÅÒÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - íåîäíîìåðíàÿ, íåîäíîçíà÷íàÿ è îáëàäàþùàÿ äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêîé ñòåïåíüþ À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ è ÔÎÐÌÀ - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, òðàäèöèîííî èñïîëüçóåìûå äëÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè îòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÒÅËÜÍÎ-ÃÅÍÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ËÎÃÈÊÀ - ëîãèêî-ýïèñòåìîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ, êîòîðàÿ ðàçðàáàòûÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
ÑÎÇÅÐÖÀÍÈÅ - ñïîñîá ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ðåàëèçóþùèéñÿ êàê íåïîñðåäñòâåííîå îòíîøåË.Â. Âàí÷óêåâè÷
ÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - îäíî èç ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ôèëîñîôèè, ïñèõîëîãèè, ñîöèîëîãèè, êîòîðîå õàðàïðîÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ êàê â ñàìîïîçíàíèè, îïûòå ñàìîóãëóáëåíèÿ è îáùåíèÿ ñ âñåâûøíèì ðàçóìîì, òàê è â Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ÑÎÊÐÀÒ (îê. 470-399 äî í.ý.) - àíòè÷íûé ìûñëèòåëü, ïåðâûé (ïî ðîæäåíèþ) àôèíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ØÊÎËÛ - ðÿä ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàïðàâëåíèé àíòè÷íîñòè (4-3 ââ. äî í.ý.), âîñõîäÿùèõÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÎËÆÅÍÈÖÛÍ Àëåêñàíäð Èñàåâè÷ (ð. 1918) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü, ìûñëèòåëü, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÎËÈÏÑÈÇÌ (ëàò. solus ipse - òîëüêî ñàì) - òåîðåòè÷åñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà, ñêâîçü ïðèçìó êîòîðîé Ä.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÑÎËÎÂÜÅ Âëàäèìèð Ñåðãååâè÷ (1853-1900) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë Ìîñêîâñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò.Ã.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÑÎÍ - íàñòóïàþùåå ïîñëå áîäðñòâîâàíèÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêîå ôóíêöèîíàëüíîå ïñèõè÷åñêîå ñîñòîÿíèå âÈ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÎÏÐÎÒÈÂËÅÍÈÅ - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðåéäà ôåíîìåí, ñèëû è ïðîöåññû, ïðåïÿòñòâóþùèå îñîçíàíèþ èÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÎÐÎÊÈÍ Ïèòèðèì Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1889-1968) - ðóññêèé è àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã. ÏðåäñòàâèòåëüÍ.Â. Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷
ÑÎÑËÎÂÈÅ - ïîíÿòèå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñîöèàëüíûõ ãðóïï (îáùíîñòåé), ãëàâíûì îòëè÷èòåëüíûì ïðèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÎÑÑÞÐ (Saussure) Ôåðäèíàíä äå (1857-1913) - øâåéöàðñêèé ëèíãâèñò, âûäâèíóâøèé áàçèñíûå ïîëÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ
ÑÎÔÈÎËÎÃÈß - ó÷åíèå î Ñîôèè Ïðåìóäðîñòè Áîæèåé ðóññêèõ ðåëèãèîçíûõ ôèëîñîôîâ 19-20 ââ. ÂîñÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÑÎÔÈÑÒÈÊÀ - 1) ó÷åíèå ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ñëîæèâøåéñÿ â Àôèíàõ âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå 5 â. äî í.ý. ÑÂ. Âîðîáüåâà
ÑÎÔÈß (ãðå÷. sophia - ìàñòåðñòâî, çíàíèå, ìóäðîñòü) - ñìûñëîîáðàç àíòè÷íîé, à ïîçäíåå õðèñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. socialis - îáùåñòâåííûé) - ïðîöåññ îïåðàöèîíàëüíîãî îâëàäåíèÿ íàáîðîì ïÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÌ - 1) îäíà èç âåðñèé îáùåñòâåííîãî èäåàëà â åâðîïåéñêîé ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêîé è ïÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÃÐÓÏÏÀ - ëþáàÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî óñòîé÷èâàÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü ëþäåé, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ âî âçàèìÅ.À. Êîðîñòåëåâà
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈß (ëàò. distantia - ðàññòîÿíèå) - ïîíÿòèå, õàðàêòåðèçóþùåå ðàçìåùåíèå ñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß (ãðå÷. hierarhia, hieros - ñâÿòîé, arche - âëàñòü, ïðàâëåíèå) - ñèñòåìÅ.À. Óãðèíîâè÷
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÊÀÒÀÑÒÐÎÔÀ - ñêà÷êîîáðàçíûå èçìåíåíèÿ îáùåñòâà, âîçíèêàþùèå â âèäå âíåçàïíîãî îÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÌÈÔÎËÎÃÈß - ñì. ÌÈÔÎËÎÃÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ- ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÁÙÍÎÑÒÜ - ñîâîêóïíîñòü ëþäåé, âûäåëÿåìàÿ ïî êðèòåðèþ òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ è ñîöèîêóÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß - ïîíÿòèå ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè è ñîöèîëîãèè; ïðèìåíèòåëüíî ê ñîöèàëÅ.À. Êîðîñòåëåâà
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÐÎËÜ - íîðìàòèâíî îäîáðåííûé, îòíîñèòåëüíî óñòîé÷èâûé îáðàçåö ïîâåäåíèÿ (âêëþ÷àÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÒÀÒÈÑÒÈÊÀ - îòðàñëü (ðàçäåë) ñòàòèñòèêè, èçó÷àþùàÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííî-êà÷åñòâåííûå À.Á. Þðêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß - ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî â ñîöèîëîãèè îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ íåðàâíîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÀ - ôèêñèðîâàííàÿ â ñîöèàëüíîì îïûòå ëè÷íîñòè (ãðóïïû) ïðåäðàñïîëîæåííîÄÌ. Áóëûíêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - ðàçäåë ôèëîñîôèè, îïðåäåëåííûì îáðàçîì îïèñûâàþùèé êà÷åñòâåííîå ñâîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÝÂÎËÞÖÈß - ïîíÿòèå, èñïîëüçóåìîå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ âíóòðåííå åäèíîé ñèñòåìû ñîöèàÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÌÅÍÀ ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈß- (1) - â óçêîì ñìûñëå òåîðèÿ, ðàçðàáîòàííàÿ â àìåðèêàíñêîé ñîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ - ïðîöåññ íåïîñðåäñòâåííîãî èëè îïîñðåäîâàííîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ ñîöèÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÂÐÅÌß (âðåìÿ ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî áûòèÿ) - êîëëåêòèâíîå ïåðöåïòóàëüíîå âðåìÿ, óíèâåðñàî âðåìåíè íåñóò â ñâîåé ñòðóêòóðå èäåþ ïîâòîðÿþùåéñÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè âðåìåííûõ öèêëîâ, ÷òî
íàì, äîøåë áû ê íàì â ëîãè÷åñêîì ïîðÿäêå ñëåäñòâèé - ñ åãî òî÷êè çðåíèÿ - è ïðè÷èí - ñ íàøåé òÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ - åäèíèöà ñîöèàëüíîé ðåàëüíîñòè, âûñòóïàþùàÿ åå êîíñòèòóèðóþùèì ýëåìåíÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÍÀÑÈËÈÅ (àãðåññèâíîñòü, äåñòðóêòèâ-íîñòü) - ïðèìåíåíèå èëè óãðîçà ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñèÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÐÀÂÅÍÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå îäèíàêîâîå ñîöèàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå ëþäåé, ïðèíàäÅ.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÀÒÎÌ (ëàò. socialis - îáùåñòâåííûé, ñâÿçàííûé ñ æèçíüþ è îòíîøåíèÿìè ëþäåé â îáÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ - îòíîñèòåëüíî óñòîé÷èâàÿ ôîðìà îðãàíèçàöèè ñîöèàëüíîé æèçíè, îáåñïå÷èÅ.À. Êîðîñòåëåâà
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ - ìåõàíèçì ñàìîðåãóëÿöèè ñèñòåìû, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèé óïîðÿäî÷åííîå âçàèìîäÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÎÐßÄÎÊ - ôèëîñîôñêî-ñîöèîëîãè÷å-ñêîå ïîíÿòèå, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùåå îáúÿñíåíèå òîãî, Å.À. Óãðèíîâè÷
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÐÅÀËÈÇÌ - ïàðàäèãìàëüíàÿ óñòàíîâêà ñîöèàëüíî-èñòîðè÷åñêîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, îñíîâàííàÿÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÒÓÑ (ëàò. status - ïîëîæåíèå) - ñîîòíîñèòåëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå èíäèâèäà èëè ñîöèàÑ. À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÑÒÅÐÅÎÒÈÏ - ñì. Ïðèëîæåíèå ÑÎÖÈÍ (Socino, Sozzini) Ôàóñò (1539-1604) - ôèëîñîô,Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÎÖÈÍÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ - ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå òå÷åíèå àí-òèòðèíèòàðèñòñêîãî (àðèàíñêîãî) òîëêà êîíÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÎÖÈÎÁÈÎËÎÃÈß - ìåæäèñöèïëèíàðíîå íàó÷íîå íàïðàâëåíèå âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû 20 â., ñëîæèâøååñÿ, Å.À. Êå÷èíà
ÑÎÖÈÎÃÐÀÌÌÀ (ëàò. societas - îáùåñòâî è ãðå÷. gramma - ïèñüìåííûé çíàê, ÷åðòà, ëèíèÿ) - ñïÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈÇÌ - ïëþðàëèñòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå ñîöèîëîãèè, ïðèíèìàþùåå â êà÷åñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß (ëàò. societas - îáùåñòâî è ãðå÷. logos ó÷åíèå) - íàóêà îá îáùåñòâå, î çàêîíàõ Ã.Í. Ñîêîëîâà
ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß ÇÍÀÍÈß - ìåòàòåîðåòè÷åñêàÿ îáëàñòü ñîöèîëîãèè, àíàëèçèðóþùàÿ ñ ðàçëè÷íûõ òåîðåòðîëü â ñòàíîâëåíèè Ñ.Ç. ñûãðàëè òàêæå ôðåéäèçì è ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ òðàäèöèÿ â öåëîì, à òàêæå © Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÎÖÈÎÌÀÒÐÈÖÀ (ëàò. societas - îáùåñòâî è ëàò. matrix - èñòî÷íèê, íà÷àëî, ìàòêà) - ñïåöèàëüÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåêêî
ÑÎÖÈÎÌÅÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÒÅÑÒ (ñîöèîìåòðèÿ è àíãë. test - èñïûòàíèå, èññëåäîâàíèå) - ñïåöèàëüíûé ñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÎÖÈÎÌÅÒÐÈß, ìèêðîñîöèîëîãèÿ (ëàò. societas - îáùåñòâî è ãðå÷. metreo - èçìåðÿþ) - ñîöèîëîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÏÅÍÑÅÐ (Spencer) Ãåðáåðò (1820-1903) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã. Ñ. îòëè÷àëñÿ íåîáûêÀ.Ï. Ëèìàðåíêî
ÑÏÈÍÎÇÀ (Spinoza, Espmosa) Áåíåäèêò (Áàðóõ) (1632-1677) - íèäåðëàíäñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ðîäèëñÿ âÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÑÏÈÐÈÒÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. spiritualis - äóõîâíûé, spiritus - äóøà, äóõ) - ôèëîñîôñêîå âîççðåíèå, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÑÐÅÄÍÅÂÅÊÎÂÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - êà÷åñòâåííî ñâîåîáû÷íûé ýòàï â èñòîðèè ôèëîñîôèè. Õðîíîëîãè÷åñêèäî ñèõ ïîð âûñêàçûâàþòñÿ ðàçíûå òî÷êè çðåíèÿ. Íà÷àëî ñðåäíåâåêîâüÿ îòíîñÿò òî êî 2-4 ââ., òî êòèêà. Åñëè ñõîëàñò ìûñëèò î Áîãå, òî ìèñòèê "ìûñëèò" Áîãà. Îíè, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïðîòèâîñòîÿò. ÍÍ.Ñ. Ñåìåíîâ
ÑÒÀËÈÍ (ÄÆÓÃÀØÂÈËÈ) Èîñèô Âèññàðèîíîâè÷ (1879-1953) - ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûé ðåâîëþöèîíåð, èäåîëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÒÀÍÊÅÂÈ× Íèêîëàé Âëàäèìèðîâè÷ (1813-1840) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô.  1830-1834 ó÷èëñÿ íà ñëîâåñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÒÀÒÓÑ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÒÓÑ ÑÒÅÏÈÍ Âÿ÷åñëàâ Ñåìåíîâè÷ (ð. 1934) - ðîññèéñêî-À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÒÅÏÓÍ Ôåäîð Àâãóñòîâè÷ (1884-1965) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã, èñòîðèê, ïèñàòåëü. Ó÷èÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÑÒÈËÜ ÍÀÓ×ÍÎÃÎ ÌÛØËÅÍÈß - èñòîðè÷åñêè ñëîæèâøàÿñÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèõ ðåãóëÿòèâîÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà
ÑÒÈËÜ ÕÓÄÎÆÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ (ãðå÷. stylos - ïàëî÷êà äëÿ ïèñüìà) - ýñòåòè÷åñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, îòðàæàþ
À.Þ. Êàðà÷óí
ÑÒÈÕÈÉÍÎÅ È ÑÎÇÍÀÒÅËÜÍÎÅ Â ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÌ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÅ - êàòåãîðèè ñîöèàëüíîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, ñ ïîìîùÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÑÒÎÈÖÈÇÌ - îäíà èç øêîë äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, îñíîâàòåëåì êîòîðîé áûë Çåíîí èç ÊèòèîíÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÑÒÎÐÃÅ (ãðå÷. storge - ïðèâÿçàííîñòü) - îäíà èç ðàçíîâèäíîñòåé ëþáâè â àíòè÷íîé åå êëàññèôÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÒÐÀÒÀ (ëàò. stratum - ñëîé, ïëàñò) - ýëåìåíò ñîöèàëüíîé ñòðóêòóðû, êîíñòðóèðóåìûé íà îñíîÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß
ÑÒÐÀÕÎÂ Íèêîëàé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1828-1896) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ëèòåðàòóðíûé êðèòèê è ïóáëèöèñò.Ä.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÑÒÐÓÂÅ Ïåòð Áåðåíãàðäîâè÷ (1870-1944) - ðîññèéñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô, ýêîíîìèñò, ïðàâîâåäÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÒÐÓÃÀÖÊÈÅ, Àðêàäèé Íàòàíîâè÷ (1925-1991) è Áîðèñ Íàòàíîâè÷ (ð. 1933) - ðîññèéñêèå ïèñàòåëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ (ëàò. structure - ñòðîåíèå, ðàñïîëîæåíèå, ïîðÿäîê) - ñîâîêóïíîñòü âíóòðåííèõ ñâÿÍ.Í. Ëåîíîâ
ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀËÈÇÌ - îáîçíà÷åíèå â öåëîì íåîäíîðîäíîé ñôåðû ãóìàíèòàðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, èçáèðàþùÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ
ÑÓÀÐÅÑ (Suarez) Ôðàíñèñêî (1548-1617) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ïîçäíåé ñõîëàñòèêè â èñòîðèè ñðåäíåâÈ.À. Íåñòåðîâè÷
ÑÓÁÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ - ñèñòåìà íîðì è öåííîñòåé, îòëè÷àþùèõ ãðóïïó îò áîëüøèíñòâà îáùåñòâà. Ñ. (ïîäÈ.Í. Êðàñàâöåâà
ÑÓÁËÈÌÀÖÈß (ÑÓÁËÈÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ) - ïðîöåññ è ìåõàíèçì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ýíåðãèè ñåêñóàëüíîãî âëå÷åÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÓÁÑÒÀÍÖÈß (ëàò. substantia - ñóùíîñòü, íå÷òî, ëåæàùåå â îñíîâå) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå äëÿÀ.Í. Ëåâàíþê
ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒ è ÎÁÚÅÊÒ (ëàò. subjectus - ëåæàùèé âíèçó, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ â îñíîâå è objectum - ïðåäìåíÿòèÿ Ñ. è Î. íå ñòîèò àññîöèèðîâàòü ñ ïðîèçâîäíûìè îò íèõ êàòåãîðèÿìè "ñóáúåêòèâíîãî" è "îáúå
"ñìåðòü Ñ", ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèçì õàðàêòåðèçóåò åãî íå ñòîëüêî êàê òâîðöà, ñêîëüêî êàê êîìáèíàòîðàÅ.Â. Õîëø÷
ÑÓÄÇÓÊÈ (Suzuki) Äàéñåöó (1870-1966) - ÿïîíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Îäèí èç âåäóùèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî äÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÑÓÄÜÁÀ - ïðåäñòàâëåíèå î ïðåäîïðåäåëåííîñòè è íåîòâðàòèìîñòè ñîáûòèé è ïîñòóïêîâ â æèçíè êÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÑÓÆÄÅÍÈÅ - ïðîäóêò è ðåçóëüòàò ìûñëèòåëüíîãî ïðîöåññà, ïðåäïîëàãàþùåãî, ÷òî ñóáúåêò, êîíñòàÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ
ÑÓÔÈÇÌ (àðàáñê. suf- ãðóáàÿ øåðñòÿíàÿ òêàíü â çíà÷åíèè "ðóáèùå") - ìèñòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèåèíòåðåñîâàííîñòè: ê Áîãó íåëüçÿ îáðàùàòü ìîëüáû î íèñïîñëàíèè áëàã, - ëþáîâü ê íåìó íå äîëæíà Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÑÓÙÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. haecceitas - ýòîâîñòü è quidditas - ÷òîéíîñòü) è ßÂËÅÍÈÅ - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåË.À. Ãðèöàïîâ
Çíàê ÑÕÅÌÀ - çíàêîâàÿ ôîðìà ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ è îòîáðàæåíèÿ ñîäåðæàíèÿ ìûøëåíèÿ èëè îáúåêòèâíîçíàêîâàÿ ôîðìà îáúåêòèâíîå ñîäåðæàíèå îòíîøåíèå çíà÷åíèÿ ãäå âòîðîé ýëåìåíò (çíàê) ïî îïðåäåëåÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÑÕÎËÀÑÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. schola - ó÷åíàÿ áåñåäà, øêîëà è ëàò. scholaslica - ó÷åíûé) - èíòåëëåêòóàíàçûâàòü ðûáêó ðûáêîé, íå çàòóìàíèâàÿ ïîíÿòèÿ áëóäëèâûìè ñëîâåñàìè". È, ÷òî îñîáåííî èíòåðåñíîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
Ñ×ÀÑÒÜÅ - ñì. ÝÂÄÅÌÎÍÈÇÌ
ÑÞÐÐÅÀËÈÇÌ (ôð. surrealite - ñâåðõðåàëüíîñòü) - õóäîæåñòâåííîå òå÷åíèå â ðàìêàõ ìîäåðíèçìàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÒÀÁÓ (îò ïîëèíåçèéñêîãî ñëîâà, îçíà÷àâøåãî - çàïðåò) - íåãàòèâíûå ïðåäïèñàíèÿ (êàòåãîðè÷åñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÒÀÂÒÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. tauto -òî æå ñàìîå; logos -ñëîâî) - 1) âûðàæåíèå, ïîâòîðÿþùåå ðàíåå ñêàç(A v B) <-> (À ^ Â)ÑÂ. Âîðîáüåâà
ÒÀÉËÎÐ (Tylor) Ýäâàðä Áàðíåò (1832-1917) - àíòðîïîëîã, îáùåïðèçíàííûé ëèäåð ðàííåãî àíãëèéÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÒÀÍÀÒÎÑ, Ôàíàòîñ, Òàíàò, Ôàíàò (ãðå÷. Thanatos - ñìåðòü) - 1) áîã ñìåðòè â àíòè÷íîé ìèôîëîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÒÀÍÒÐÈÇÌ (ñàíñêð. tantra - õèòðîñïëåòåíèå - â çíà÷åíèè: ñëîâåñíûé àðàáåñê, ýçîòåðè÷åñêèé òå
ñîçíàíèå (÷èò), Øàêòè âûñòóïàåò ñîçèäàòåëüíîé ñèëîé ñîçíàíèÿ (÷èäðóïèíè), è "êîãäà Øèâà îáúåäèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÒÀÐÄ (Tardc) Ãàáðèýëü (1843-1904) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã è êðèìèíàëèñò, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê
TAPCKÈÉ (Tarski) Àëüôðåä (1902-1984) - ïîëüñêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ëîãèê è ìàòåìàòèê, îäèí èç ãëàÞ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÒÀÒÀÐÊÅÂÈ× Âëàäèñëàâ (1886-?) - ïîëüñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîðñêóþ ñòåïåíü ïîëó÷èë â Ìàðáóðãå (1Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷.
ÒÂÎÐ×ÅÑÒÂÎ - êîíñòðóêòèâíàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ïî ñîçäàíèþ íîâîãî.  àíòè÷íîé ôèëîñîôèè ñâÿçûâàëÂ.Ô. Âåðêîâ
ÒÅÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. theos - áîã) - ñïåöèôè÷åñêèé òèï ðåëèãèîçíîãî ñîçíàíèÿ, âåðîó÷åíèå êîòîðîãî öÌ.Ë. Ìîæåéêî
ÒÅÉßÐ ÄÅ ØÀÐÄÅÍ (Teilhard de Chardin) Ïüåð (1881-1955) - ôðàíöóçñêèé åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, ÷À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÒÅÊÑÒ - â îáùåì ïëàíå ñâÿçíàÿ è ïîëíàÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü çíàêîâ. Ïðîáëåìà Ò., âîçíèêàÿ íàÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÒÅËÅÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. telos - çàâåðøåíèå, öåëü; teleos - äîñòèãøèé öåëè è logos - ó÷åíèå) - ó÷íà÷àëî êèáåðíåòèêè êàê òåîðåòè÷åñêîé äèñöèïëèíû ñòàòüÿ À. Ðîçåíáëþìà, Í. Âèíåðà è Äæ. Áèãåëîó Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÒÅÍÍÈÑ (Tonnies) Ôåðäèíàíä (1855-1936) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã. Ïîëó÷èë äèïëîì ïî êëàññè÷åñêîéòîâàðèùåñòâà. Ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ïðîáëåìàòèêå è, ãëàâíîå, èñïîëüçóåìûì ìåòîäàì ñîöèîëîãèÿ ñòðîèòñÿÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÒÅÎÄÈÖÅß (ãðå÷. theos -Áîã è dike -ñïðàâåäëèâîñòü, ïðàâî, áóêâ. - áîãîîïðàâäàíèå) - ðåëèãèÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÒÅÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. theos - Áîã, logos - ñëîâî; ðóññêàÿ êàëüêà - áîãîñëîâèå) - ôåíîìåí òåèñòñêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÒÅÎÐÈß (ãðå÷. teoria - ðàññìîòðåíèå, èññëåäîâàíèå) - (1) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå: ðàçâåðíóòîå óÂ.Ô. Âåðêîâ
ÒÅÎÑÎÔÈß (ãðå÷. theos -Áîã è sîðhià -ìóäðîñòü, çíàíèå) - (1) - äîêòðèíà Áîãîïîçíàíèÿ (â îòëÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÒÅÐÌÈÍ (ëàò. terminus - ïðåäåë, ãðàíèöà) - ñëîâî èëè ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ýìïèðè÷åÑÂ. Âîðîáüåâà
ÒÅÐÌÈÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. terminus - ãðàíèöà, îïðåäåëåííîñòü, èìÿ) - ïîçäíåñõîëàñòè÷åñêîå òå÷åíèå â ñâîåãî ìåòîäà, ôóíäèðîâàííîãî ïàðàëëåëüíî êàòåãîðèàëüíûì àíàëèçîì òåðìèíîâ è àíàëèçîì äàííûõ ÷Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÒÅÐÒÓËËÈÀÍ (Tertullianus) Êâèíò Ñåïòèìèé Ôëîðåíñ (îê. 160 - ïîñëå 220) - êëàññèê õðèñòèàíñòðîëèðóåìûå âñêðèêè, íåðåôëåêñèðóåìûå ðå÷åâûå ôîðìóëû - âñå òî, ÷òî ïîëòîðû òûñÿ÷è ëåò ñïóñòÿ Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÒÅÑÒ (àíãë. test - ïðîáà, èñïûòàíèå, ïðîâåðêà, èññëåäîâàíèå) - îáùåíàó÷íûé ýìïèðè÷åñêèé ìåÄ.Â. Åðìîëîâè÷
ÒÅÓÐÃÈß (ãðå÷. theos - áîã, ergon - ðàáîòà; áóêâ. - áîãîòâîð÷åñòâî) - òåðìèí òåîëîãèè, ôèêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÒÅÕÍÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. è ëàò. techne - èñêóññòâî, ìàñòåðñòâî) - ïîíÿòèå, êîòîðûì â èñòîðèè êóëüòóðÀ.È.Ëîéêî
ÒÅÕÍÎÊÐÀÒÈÇÌÀ ÒÅÎÐÈÈ - ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêèå è ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ è êîíÀ.È. Ëîéêî
ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÄÅÒÅÐÌÈÍÈÇÌ - òåîðåòèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà â ôèëîñîôñêèõ è ñîöèîëîÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ
ÒÅÕÍÎÔÎÁÈß (ãðå÷. techne - ìàñòåðñòâî, phobos - ñòðàõ) - ïîíÿòèå, âûðàæàþùåå ñòðàõ ïåðåä òÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ
ÒÈÁÅÒÑÊÀß "ÊÍÈÃÀ ÌÅÐÒÂÛÕ" (òèáåò. "Áàðäî òî-äîë") - ñîáðàíèå ïèñüìåííûõ ðóêîâîäñòâ, èñïîëüÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÒÈËËÈÕ (Tillich) Ïàóëü (1886-1965) - íåìåöêî-àìå-ðèêàíñêèé ïðîòåñòàíòñêèé òåîëîã è ôèëîñîô,öèé (ýïîõà "êàéðîñà") - ñèòóàöèè íà ãðàíèöå ÷åëîâå÷åñêèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé, êîòîðàÿ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ Ò.Ñ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà
ÒÈÏÎËÎÃÈÇÀÖÈß(ãðå÷. tipos - îòïå÷àòîê, ôîðìà, îáðàçåö è logos - ñëîâî, ó÷åíèå) - ìåòîä íàóÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÒÎÆÄÅÑÒÂÎ È ÐÀÇËÈ×ÈÅ - äâå âçàèìîñâÿçàííûå êàòåãîðèè ôèëîñîôèè è ëîãèêè. Ïðè îïðåäåëåíèè ïÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÒÎÉÍÁÈ (Toynbee) Àðíîëüä Äæîçåô (1889-1975) - áðèòàíñêèé èñòîðèê è îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. ÐÂ.Í. Ôóðñ
TOKBÈËÜ (Tocqueville) Àëåêñèñ (1805-1859) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïîëèòè÷åñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, èñòîðèê, ññîöèîëîãè÷åñêîå èññëåäîâàíèå. Àâòîð êîíñòàòèðóåò äâà ïîëÿðíûõ èäåàëüíûõ òèïà èñòîðè÷åñêèõ îáùåÀ.Ï. Ëèìàðåíêî
ÒÎËÀÍÄ (Toland) Äæîí (1670-1722) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç ïåðâûõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ñâîáîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÒÎËÊÈÍ (Tholkien) Äæîí Ðîíàëüä Ðóýë (1892-1973) - àíãëèéñêèé ïèñàòåëü, ëèòåðàòóðîâåä è ìåäÎäíàêî îñîáî áåðåæíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå àðõàè÷åñêîãî è ñðåäíåâåêîâîãî ôîëüêëîðíî-ìèôîëîãè÷åñêîãî íãóìàíèòàðèåâ. Ïóáëèêóþòñÿ íå òîëüêî ëèòåðàòóðîâåä÷åñêèå è êðèòè÷åñêèå ðàáîòû, íî è ðàçëè÷íûå ñÀ.È. Åêàäóìîâ
ÒÎËÑÒÎÉ Ëåâ Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1828-1910) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü è ìûñëèòåëü. Àâòîð ïðîèçâåäåíèé - èäÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÒÎÌÈÇÌ - îñíîâíîå íàïðàâëåíèå â ñõîëàñòèêå, ó÷åíèå øêîëû Ò., êîòîðîå ñ 13 âåêà ïî íàøè äíèÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí, À.Â. Âàñèí
ÒÎÏÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. topos - ìåñòî) - òåõíèêà ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèè ìûøëåíèÿ è ïîíèìàíèÿ, À.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
ÒÎÒÀËÈÒÀÐÈÇÌ (ëàò. totalitas - öåëüíîñòü, ïîëíîòà) - ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ïîëèòè÷åñêóþ (ãÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÒÎÒÅÌ (îò àëãîíêèíñêîãî "îòîòåì" - åãî ðîä) - ñóùåñòâî, ïðåäìåò èëè ÿâëåíèå (÷àùå âñåãî æèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÒÎÒÅÌÈÇÌ (îò àëãîíêèíñêîãî "îòîòåì" - åãî ðîä) - îäíà èç ðàííèõ ôîðì ðåëèãèè ïåðâîáûòíîãî Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÒÎÔÔËÅÐ (Toffler) Îëâèí (ð. 1928) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò-ôóòóðîëîã. ÎÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ
ÒÐÀÂÌÀ ÐÎÆÄÅÍÈß (ãðå÷. trauma - ïîâðåæäåíèå îðãàíèçìà) - ïîíÿòèå è ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ êîíöÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÒÐÀÄÈÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ (äîèíäóñòðèàëüíîå îáùåñòâî, ïðèìèòèâíîå îáùåñòâî) - ïîíÿòèå, ôîêóñèðÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÒÐÀÄÈÖÈß (ëàò. traditio - ïåðåäà÷à, ïðèäàíèå) - óíèâåðñàëüíàÿ ôîðìà ôèêñàöèè, çàêðåïëåíèÿ Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÒÐÀÍÑÃÐÅÑÑÈß (ëàò. trans - ñêâîçü; ÷åðåç, çà è gressus - ïðèáëèæàòüñÿ, ïåðåõîäèòü, íàïàäàòÀ.ß. Ñàðíà
ÒÐÀÍÑÔÅÐ, ïåðåíîñ, ïåðåíåñåíèå (ëàò. transferre - ïåðåíîñèòü) - ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàò ñïîíòàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÒÐÀÍÑÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÛ Â ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅ (èòàë. transformare - ïðåîáðàçîâûâàòü, ïðåâðàùàòü) -À.Í. Äàíèëîâ
ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÒÀËÈÈ - ñì. ÁÎÃ, ÒÅÎËÎÃÈß ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÒÀËÜÍÎÅ ÅÄÈÍÑÒÂÎ ÀÏÏÅÐÖÅÏÖÈÈ - â ôèëîñîôèèÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÒÍÎÅ è ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÒÀËÜÍÎÅ (ëàò. transcendens - ïåðåøàãèâàþùèé, âûõîäÿùèé çà ïðåÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÖÈß (ëàò. transcendens - ïðåøàãèâàþ-ùèé, âûõîäÿùèé çà ïðåäåëû) - ôèëîñîôñêèé òåÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÒÐÅËÜ× (Trocltch) Ýðíñò (1865-1923) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è òåîëîã, àâòîð òðóäîâ ïî ñîöèîëîãèÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî
ÒÐÈÍÈÒÀÐÈÇÌ - ñì. ÒÐÎÈÖÀ
ÒÐÎÈÖÀ - öåíòðàëüíûé äîãìàò õðèñòèàíñêîãî âåðîó÷åíèÿ, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîìó åäèíûé Áîã ñóùåñòâÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÒÐÎÖÊÈÉ (Áðîíøòåéí) Ëåâ (Ëåéáà) Äàâèäîâè÷ (1879-1940) - ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûé ðåâîëþöèîíåð, îäèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÒÐÓÁÅÖÊÎÉ Åâãåíèé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1863-1920) - ðóññêèé ðåëèãèîçíûé ôèëîñîô, ïðàâîâåä, îáùåñòâåíÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÒÐÓÁÅÖÊÎÉ Ñåðãåé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1862-1905) - ðóññêèé ðåëèãèîçíûé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ
ÒÓÃÀÍ-ÁÀÐÀÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ Ìèõàèë Èâàíîâè÷ (1865-1919) - óêðàèíñêèé è ðóññêèé ýêîíîìèñò, èñòîðèê, àýêîíîìèè è ñîöèàëèçìà" (1905), "Ïåðèîäè÷åñêèå ïðîìûøëåííûå êðèçèñû" (1914) è äð.Å.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî
ÒÓËÌÈÍ (Toulmin) Ñòèâåí Ýäåëñòîí (ð. 1922) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô ïîñòïîçèòèâèñòñêîãî íàïðÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
ÒÓÐÅÍ (Touraine) Àëåí (ð. 1925) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð óíèâåðñèòåòîâ âîäñòâóåòñÿ çíàíèÿìè î ñåáå è ñîöèàëüíîì äåéñòâèè, âñëåäñòâèå ÷åãî ñåðäöåâèíó ñîöèàëüíûõ êîíôëÅ.Ì. Âàáîñîâ
ÒÛËÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ (Tylkowski) Âîéöåõ (1624-1695) - ïîëüñêèé ôèëîñîô è òåîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ïîçäíÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÒÞÐÃÎ (Turgot) Àíí Ðîáåð Æàê (1727-1781) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ýêîíîìèñò, ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ãîÀ.À. Áàêàíîâ
ÓÀÉÒ (White) Ëåñëè Ýëâèí (1900-1975) - àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, îäèí èç ëèäåðîâ íåîýâîëþöèÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÓÀÉÒÕÅÄ (Whitehead) Àëüôðåä Íîðò (1861-1947) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ìàòåìàòèê, ëîãèê, ìåòîäÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÓÇÍÀÄÇÅ Äìèòðèé (1887-1950) - ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôèè (1909), ïðîôÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÓÈËÜßÌ (ÈÑÊÀÌ (Ockham, Occam) (îê. 1285-1349) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê è òåîëîã, ìîíàõ-À.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÓÌÎÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ - ôîðìà ìûøëåíèÿ, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîé ïîëó÷àþò íîâîå ñóæäåíèå íà îñíîâå îäíîÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ
ÓÍÀÌÓÍÎ (Unamuno) Ìèãåëü äå (1864-1936) - èñïàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîýò, ïèñàòåëü, ó÷åíûé, îñíîâÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÀËÈÈ (ëàò. universalis - îáùèé) - îáùèå ïîíÿòèÿ. Ïðîáëåìà Ó. â èñòîðèêî-ôèëîñîôñêîéåãî.  ýòîì ñåìàíòè÷åñêîì ïîëå îíòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïðîáëåìà êàê òàêîâàÿ óòðà÷èâàåò ñâîé èñõîäíûé ñìÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÓÎÐÄ (Ward) Ëåñòåð (1841-1913) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ïñèõîëîãèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÓÏÀÍÈØÀÄÛ (ñàíñêð. upa-ni-sad - ñèäåòü îêîëî, ò.å. ó íîã Ó÷èòåëÿ, ïîëó÷àÿ íàñòàâëåíèÿ â äóÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÀ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÀ
ÓÒÎÏÈß (ãðå÷.: îu -îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà, topos -ìåñòî, ò.å. "ìåñòî, êîòîðîãî íåò") - ïîíÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÓÕÒÎÌÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñåé Àëåêñååâè÷ (1875-1942) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèçèîëîã. Àêàäåìèê Àêàäåìèè íàóê ÑÑÑÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
Ó×ÈÒÅËß ÖÅÐÊÂÈ - çàñëóæåííûå ìûñëèòåëè, óäîñòîåííûå Âàòèêàíîì ïî÷åòíûì èìåíåì "doctor ecclÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÔÀÊÒ (ëàò. factum - ñäåëàííîå) - ïîíÿòèå, èìåþùåå âûðàæåííóþ ñóáúåêò-îáúåêòíóþ ïðèðîäó, ôèÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà
ÔÀËÅÑ (îê. 640/625 - îê. 547/545 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëüíîãî äëÿ ìèôîëîãèè ãåíåòèçìà ê ñóáñòðàòíîìó ìûøëåíèþ: ñîãëàñíî Ô., íå òîëüêî 1) âñå ñóùåå âîçíÀ.À. Ãðèèàíîâ
ÔÀËÜÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ ßêóá (ñâåòñêîå èìÿ Øèìàí Òàäåóø) (1778-1836) - òåîëîã è ïåäàãîã. Ó÷èëñÿ â ÁðåñÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÔÀËÜÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß (ëàò. falsus - ëîæíûé è facio - äåëàþ) - íàó÷íàÿ ïðîöåäóðà, èìåþùàÿ ñâîèì ðåÞ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê
ÔÀÒÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. fatalis - ðîêîâîé, ïðåäîïðåäåëåííûé ñóäüáîé) - 1) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ îÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÔÀØÈÇÌ, íàöèîíàë-ñîöèàëèçì (ëàò. fasio; èòàë. fascismo, fascio- ïó÷îê, ñâÿçêà, îáúåäèíåíèåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÔÅÄÎÐΠÍèêîëàé Ôåäîðîâè÷ (1828-1903) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîÎ.Â. Øóáàðî
ÔÅÄÎÒΠÃåîðãèé Ïåòðîâè÷ (1886-1951) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê, ïóáëèöèñò, ïðîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÔÅÉÅÐÀÁÅÍÄ (Feyerabend) Ïîë (Ïàóëü) Êàðë (1924-1994) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ìåòîäîëîã íàÀ.Ë. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÔÅÉÅÐÁÀÕ (Feuerbach) Ëþäâèã Àíäðåàñ (1804-1872) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïîëó÷èë îáðàçîâàíèå â Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷
ÔÅÌÈÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. femina - æåíùèíà) - îáùåå íàçâàíèå äâèæåíèÿ æåíùèí ïðîòèâ äèñêðèìèíàöèè ïî Å.È. ßí÷óê
ÔÅÍÎÌÅÍÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß- â óçêîì (ñòðîãîì) ñìûñëå - ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ Øþöà èÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÔÅÍÎÌÅÍÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ - ñîâîêóïíîñòü ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêè îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ âîççðåíèé Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÔÅÍÎÌÅÍÎËÎÃÈß - âëèÿòåëüíîå òå÷åíèå çàïàäíîé ôèëîñîôèè 20 â. Õîòÿ ñàì òåðìèí Ô. èñïîëüçîâàÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷, Î.Í. Øïàðàãà
ÔÅÐÅÍÖÈ (Ferånczi) Øàíäîð (1873-1933) - âåíãåðñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÔÅÐÐÀÐÎÒÒÈ (Ferrarotti) Ôðàíêî (ð. 1926) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, àâòîð òåîðèè "àëüòåðíàòèâÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê
ÔÈÊÑÀÖÈß (ëàò. fixus - òâåðäûé, íåðóøèìûé, êðåïêèé) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðåéäà îïèñàòåëüíîå ïÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÔÈËÈÎÊÂÅ(ëàò. filioque - è îò ñûíà) - õðèñòèàíñêàÿ ôîðìóëà, èíòåðïðåòèðóþùàÿ Äóõ Ñâÿòîé â Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÔÈËÈÏÎÂÈ× Àôàíàñèé (îê. 1597-1648) - áåëîðóññêèé ïîëèòè÷åñêèé è ðåëèãèîçíûé äåÿòåëü, ïèñàòÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÔÈËÈß(ãðå÷. philia - ëþáîâü â ñèíîíèìèè àíãë. to like â îòëè÷èå îò to love) - îäíà èç ðàçíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß (ãðå÷. phileo - ëþáëþ, sophia - ìóäðîñòü; ëþáîâü ê ìóäðîñòè) - îñîáàÿ ôîðìà ïîçí© B.C. Ñòåïàí
ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÁÅËÀÐÓÑÈ - êîìïëåêñ ôèëîñîôñêèõ èäåé è ïðåäñòàâëåíèé (âêëþ÷àÿ ñîöèàëüíóþ ôèëîñîô© Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, © Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷
ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÂÎÇÐÎÆÄÅÍÈß - îñîáûé ýòàï â èñòîðèè çàïàäíî-åâðîïåéñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÆÈÇÍÈ - íàïðàâëåíèå â çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêîé ôèëîñîôñêîé ìûñëè, ñëîæèâøååñÿ â ïîñëåäÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÈÑÒÎÐÈÈ - êîíöåïöèÿ â ñîñòàâå ôèëîñîôñêîãî çíàíèÿ, íàöåëåííàÿ íà îñìûñëåíèå èñòîÂ.Í. Ôóðñ
ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÏÐÎÑÂÅÙÅÍÈß - ñì. ÏÐÎÑÂÅÙÅÍÈÅ
ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÒÅÕÍÈÊÈ - îäíî èç çíà÷èìûõ ïðîáëåìíûõ ïîëåé ñîâðåìåííîé çàïàäíûé ôèëîñîôèè, îñíîâÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÑÊÈÅ ÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈß ÍÀÓÊÈ - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ñîâðåìåííîé ôèëîñîôèè íàóêè, îáîÅ.Â, Õîìè÷
ÔÈÕÒÅ (Fichte) Èîãàíí Ãîòëèá (1762-1814) - îäèí èç âèäíåéøèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé íåìåöêîé êëàññÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÔÈØÅÐ (Fischer) Êóíî (1824-1907) - íåìåöêèé èñòîðèê ôèëîñîôèè 19 â., ïðîôåññîð (ñ 1872), ñÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÔËÎÐÅÍÑÊÈÉ Ïàâåë Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1882-1937) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ó÷åíûé-ýíöèêëîïåäèñò. Ó÷èëñÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÔËÎÐÅÍÒÈÉÑÊÈÉ ÏËÀÒÎÍÈÇÌ - íàïðàâëåíèå ôèëîñîôñêîé ìûñëè ýïîõè Ðåíåññàíñà, ñâÿçàííîå ñ âîçðÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÔËÎÐÎÂÑÊÈÉ Ãåîðãèé Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1893-1979) - ðóññêèé áîãîñëîâ, ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê êóëüòóðû. Îè ãðå÷åñêîé ïàòðèñòèêè (4-8 ââ.). "Ïóòè ðóññêîãî áîãîñëîâèÿ" íå ëèøåíû íåêîòîðîãî ñóáúåêòèâèçìÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÔÎÌÀ ÀÊÂÈÍÑÊÈÉ (Thomas Aquinas) (1225/1226-1274) - ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ôèëîñîô è áîãîñëîâ (òèòóëÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÔÎÐÌÀ - ñì. ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ è ÔÎÐÌÀ, ÃÈËÅÎÌÎÐ-ÔÈÇÌ
ÔÎÐÌÀËÈÇÀÖÈß - ñïîñîá âûðàæåíèÿ ñîäåðæàíèÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòè çíàíèé ÷åðåç îïðåëåííóþ ôîðìó - çíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê
ÔÎÐÌÀËÜÍÀß ØÊÎËÀ  ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈÈ - ïîïóëÿðíîå â êîíöå 19 - íà÷àëå 20 ââ. â Ãåðìàíèè è ÑØÀ ñîöÀ.Ï. Ëèìàðåíêî
ÔÐÀÍÊ Ñåìåí Ëþäâèãîâè÷ (1877-1950) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Ó÷èëñÿ íà þðèäè÷åñêîì ôàêóëüòåòå ÌîñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÔÐÀÍÊË (Frankl) Âèêòîð (ð. 1905) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã, ñïåöèàëèñò â îáëàñòè ïñÀ.Â. Âàí÷óêåâè÷
ÔÐÀÍÊÔÓÐÒÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - îäíî èç òå÷åíèé â ñîöèîëîãèè è ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè 20 â., íàçâàííîåÑÂ. Ëàïèíà
ÔÐÀÍÖÈÑÊ ÀÑÑÈÇÑÊÈÉ (St. Francis from Assisi) (íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Äæîâàííè Áåðíàðäîíè) (1182-1À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÔÐÅÃÅ (Frege) Ãîòëîá (1848-1925) - íåìåöêèé ëîãèê, ìàòåìàòèê, ôèëîñîô, â êîíöå 20 ñò. âñå Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê
ÔÐÅÉÄ (Freud) Àííà (1895-1982) - àâñòðèéñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Ñîîñíîâàòåëü ýãîïñèõîëîãèè è äÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÔÐÅÉÄ (Freud) Çèãìóíä (Ñèãèçìóíä Øëîìî) (1856-1939) - àâñòðèéñêèé âðà÷, íåâðîïàòîëîã, ïñèõÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÔÐÈÄÌÀÍ Àëåêñàíäð Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1888-1925) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèçèê, ìåõàíèê è ìàòåìàòèê, îêàçàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÔÐÈÄÌÅÍ (Friedman) Ìèëòîí (ð. 1912) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ýêîíîìèñò; òåîðåòèê è ïðîïàãàíäèñò ýêîíÀ.Á. Þðêî
ÔÐÎÌÌ (Fromm) Ýðèõ (1900-1980) - íåìåöêî-àìåðè-êàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã è ïñèõîëîã, îäèí Ì.Í. Ìàçàíèê
ÔÐÎÌÌ-ÐÅÉÕÌÀÍ (Fromm-Reichman) Ôðèäà (1889-1957) - íåìåöêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé âðà÷ è ïñèõîàíàëèòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÔÐÝÇÅÐ (Frazer) Äæåéìñ Äæîðäæ (1854-1941) - øîòëàíäñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýâîëþöèîÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÔÓÊÎ (Foucault) Ìèøåëü (1926-1984) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèñò, ñòàâèâøèé öåëüÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà
ÔÓÍÊÖÈß (ëàò. functio - ñîâåðøåíèå, èñïîëíåíèå) - 1) äåÿòåëüíîñòü, ðîëü îáúåêòà â ðàìêàõ íåÍ.Í. Ëåîíîâ
ÔÓÒÓÐÈÇÌ (ëàò. future - áóäóùåå) - èäåéíî-õóäîæåñòâåííîå òå÷åíèå â ðàìêàõ ìîäåðíèçìà â ïåðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÔÓÒÓÐÎËÎÃÈß - îáîáùåííîå íàçâàíèå êîíöåïöèé î áóäóùåì ÷åëîâå÷åñòâà; â óçêîì çíà÷åíèè - îáëÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê
ÕÀÁÅÐÌÀÑ (Habermas) Þðãåí (ð. 1929) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèàëüíûé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã. Ñ 1961 ïîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÕÀÉÀÌ Îìàð (îê. 1048- ìåæäó 1113 è 1132), (ïîëíîå èìÿ - Ãèéÿñ àð-Äèí Àáó-ë-Ôàòõ Îìàð èáí ÈÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÕÀÉÄÅÃÃÅÐ (Heidegger) Ìàðòèí (1889-1976) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ ìûñëèòåëåéÂ.Í. Ñåìåíîâà
ÕÀÉÅÊ (Hayek) Ôðèäðèõ Àâãóñò ôîí (1899-1992) - àâñòðî-àíãëèéñêèé ýêîíîìèñò è ôèëîñîô, îäèíÀ.À. Áàêàíîâ
ÕÀÐÈÇÌÀ (ãðå÷. charisma - áîæåñòâåííûé äàð, áëàãîäàòü, ìèëîñòü) - íàäåëåííîñòü (âî ìíåíèè À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÕÂÎÑÒΠÂåíèàìèí Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1868-1920) - ðóññêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðàâîâåä, ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë þðèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
XEÉ3ÈHÃA (Huizinga) Éîõàí (1872-1945) - íèäåðëàíäñêèé èñòîðèê è òåîðåòèê êóëüòóðû. ÏðîôåññÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
ÕÈËÈÀÇÌ, ÌÈËËÅÍÀÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. chilioi, ëàò. mille - òûñÿ÷à) - ðåëèãèîçíî-óòîïè÷åñêîå ó÷åíèå À.À. Êðóãëîå
ÕÈÍÒÈÊÊÀ (Hintikka) ßàêêî Þõàíè (ð. 1929) - ôèíñêèé ëîãèê è ôèëîñîô. Ïðîôåññîð óíèâåðñèòåòÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÕÎËÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. holos - öåëûé) - ïîíÿòèå, ñâÿçàííîå ñ ðàçðàáîòêîé â 20 â. ñèñòåìíîé ìåòîäîëîãÅ.È. ßí÷óê
ÕÎËÎÄÍÛÉ Íèêîëàé Ãðèãîðüåâè÷ (1882-1953) - óêðàèíñêèé áèîëîã, èçâåñòíûé ñâîèìè èññëåäîâàíèÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî
ÕÎÌÀÍÑ (Homans) Äæîðäæ Êàñïàð (1910-1989) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåñîð Ãàðâàðäñêîãî óÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÕÎÌÑÊÈÉ(×ÎÌÑÊÈÉ) (Chomsky) Íîàì (ð. 1928) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ëèíãâèñò è ôèëîñîô ÿçûêà, îñíîâîïÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ
ÕÎÌßÊΠÀëåêñåé Ñòåïàíîâè÷ (1804-1860) - ðóññêèé ðåëèãèîçíûé ôèëîñîô, áîãîñëîâ, ëèòåðàòóðíÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê
ÕÎÐÊÕÀÉÌÅÐ (Horkheimer) Ìàêñ (1895-1973) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã. Äèðåêòîð ÈíñòèòóòàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÕÎÐÍÈ (Íîrnåó) Êàðåí (1885-1952) - íåìåöêî-àìåðè-êàíñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê è ïñèõîëîã. ÐåôîðìàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ(ãðå÷. christos - ïîìàçàííèê, ìåññèÿ, ñïàñèòåëü) - 1) Âåðîó÷åíèå, öåíòðèðîâàííÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÕÐÈÑÒÎÑ - ñì. ÈÈÑÓÑ ÕÐÈÑÒÎÑ
ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÍÛÅ ÎÐÈÅÍÒÀÖÈÈ - ýëåìåíòû âíóòðåííåé (äèñïîçèöèîííîé) ñòðóêòóðû ëè÷íîñòè, ñôîðìèðîâÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ - òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóåìûé â ôèëîñîôèè è ñîöèîëîãèè äëÿ óêàçàíèÿ íà ÷åëîâå÷åñêîå, ñîöÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ (ãðå÷. - kyriakon - äîì Ãîñïîäíèé) - ñïåöèôè÷åñêèé òèï ñàìîäåÿòåëüíîé è ñàìîóïðàâëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÖÈÂÈËÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. civilis - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé, ãðàæäàíñêèé) - â âûñøåé ñòåïåíè ýêëåêòè÷íîå èÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÖÈÂÈËÈÇÀÖÈß ÐÈÑÊÀ - âîçíèêøàÿ â 80-å 20 â. è øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííàÿ â ôèëîñîôèè Çàïàäà êîÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ
ÖÈÎËÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ Êîíñòàíòèí Ýäóàðäîâè÷ (1857-1935) - ó÷åíûé-ñàìîó÷êà èç ðóññêîé ïðîâèíöèè, ðàçðÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÖÈÖÅÐÎÍ (Cicero) Ìàðê Òóëëèé (106-43 äî í.ý.) - ðèìñêèé ïîëèòèê, ôèëîñîô, îðàòîð. Ðèìñêèé À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÖßÏÈÍÑÊÈÉ(Àìåëüÿíîâè÷) Âàñèëèé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (îê. 1540-1603?) - áåëîðóññêèé ãóìàíèñò, ïèñàòåëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
×ÀÀÄÀÅ Ïåòð ßêîâëåâè÷ (1794-1856) -ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. ÏîÀ.ß. Ñàðíà
×ÀÕÎÂÈÖ (×åõîâè÷) Ìàðòèí (1532-1613) - òåîëîã, ïîýò, èäåîëîã ðàäèêàëüíîé Ðåôîðìàöèè (àíãèòO.K. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ - ôóíäàìåíòàëüíàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ôèëîñîôèè, ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ ñìûñëîâûì öåíòðîì ïðàêòè÷åñêè ëþÅ.Â. Õîìè÷
×ÅËÏÀÍΠÃåîðãèé Èâàíîâè÷ (1862-1936) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîëîã, ëîãèê. Ó÷èëñÿ íà èñòîðèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
×ÅÐÍÛØÅÂÑÊÈÉ Íèêîëàé Ãàâðèëîâè÷ (1829-1889) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
×ÈÆÅÂÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Ëåîíèäîâè÷ (1897-1964) - èñòîðèê, áèîëîã, îäèí îñíîâàòåëåé áèîôèçèêè, òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ è ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêèõ ïîçèöèé îí îáîñíîâûâàÿ óñòàíîâëåíèå òàêîãî ìèðîïîðÿäêà íà ÇåìëÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî
×È×ÅÐÈÍ Áîðèñ Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1828-1904) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðàâîâåä, èñòîðèê, ïóáëèöèñò.  18Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
×ÒÅÍÈÅ - ñïåöèôè÷åñêàÿ ôîðìà ÿçûêîâîãî îáùåíèÿ ëþäåé ïîñðåäñòâîì ïå÷àòíûõ èëè ðóêîïèñíûõ òß.ß. Êðàñàâöåâà, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî×ÓÄÎ - ñì. ÒÅÓÐÃÈß
ØÀÄÓÐÑÊÈÉ Ñòàíèñëàâ (1726-1789) - ïîëüñêî-áåëîðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Ðîäèëñÿ íåäàëåêî îò ÄâèíñêàÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ØÀÌÁÀËÀ - â áóääèçìå è ðÿäå ìèñòè÷åñêèõ ó÷åíèé - ëåãåíäàðíàÿ ñòðàíà, ðàñïîëàãàþùàÿñÿ ê ñåâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ØÀÍÊÀÐÀ-À×ÀÐÜß(ñàíñêð. Ñànkàrà - èìÿ, acarua - ó÷èòåëü) (788-820) - èíäèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ìèñÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷
ØÀÐÊÎ (Charcot) Æàí Ìàðòåí (1825-1893) - ôðàíöóçñêèé âðà÷ è ó÷åíûé. Îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ØÂÅÉÖÅÐ (Schweitzer) Àëüáåðò (1875-1965) - íåìåö-êî-ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü-ãóìàíèñò, òåîëîãÀ.Ë.Ãðèöàíîâ
ØÅËÅÐ (Scheler) Ìàêñ (1874-1928) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ôèëîñîÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà
ØÅËËÈÍÃ (Schelling) Ôðèäðèõ Âèëüãåëüì Éîçåô (1775-1854) - îäèí èç âèäíåéøèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåéÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ØÅÐÒÎÊ (Chertok) Ëåîí (1910-1991) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõèàòð, ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, èñòîðèê ïñèõèàòðèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ØÅÑÒÎÂ Ëåâ (Ëåâ Èñààêîâè÷ Øâàðöìàí) (1866-1938) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëèòåðàòîð, ïðåäñòàâÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà
ØÈÇÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ãðå÷. schizein - ðàñêîëîòü) - îäíî èç íàïðàâëåíèé ñîâðåìåííîãî ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, À.Â. Âàøêåâè÷
ØÈËËÅÐ (Schiller) Ôðèäðèõ (1759-1805) - íåìåöêèé ïîýò, ôèëîñîô, ïðîñâåòèòåëü, èñïûòàâøèé íÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ØËÅÃÅËÜ (Schlegel) Ôðèäðèõ (1772-1829) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, ÿçûêîâåä, îäèí èç íàèÈ.Ì. Íàëèâàéêî
ØËÅÉÅÐÌÀÕÅÐ (Sleiermacher) Ôðèäðèõ Ýðíñò Äàíèýëü (1768-1834) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, áîãîñëîâ À.À. Ëåã÷èëèí
ØËÈÊ (Schlick) Ìîðèö (1882- óáèò â 1936) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ôèçèê è ëîãèê, ïðîôåññîð âÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ØÌÈTT (Schmitt) Êàðë (1888-1985) - íåìåöêèé ïðàâîâåä, ñîöèîëîã, ïîëèòîëîã. Îäèí èç ñàìûõ ïÂ.È. Áîáðîâè÷
ØÎÂÈÍÈÇÌ (ôð. chauvinisme, â àíãë. âåðñèè - äæèíãîèçì) - íàèáîëåå îäèîçíàÿ ôîðìà íàöèîíàëèÑÞ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ØÎÏÅÍÃÀÓÝÐ (Schopenhauer) Àðòóð (1788-1860) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ñèñòåìû, ïðË.Â. Êðèâèöêèé
ØÏÅÍÃËÅÐ (Spengler) Îñâàëüä (1880-1936) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ôèëîñîôèè æèçíè,Â.Í. Ôóðñ
ØÏÅÒ Ãóñòàâ Ãóñòàâîâè÷ (1879-1937) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è èñêóññòâîâåä. Ó÷èëñÿ íà ôèçèêî-ìàòåìÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ØÒÅÉÍÒÀËÜ (Steinthal) Õåéìàí (1823-1899) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ÿçûêîâåä. Îñíîâàòåëü ïñèõîëîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ØÒÈÐÍÅÐ (Stirner) Ìàêñ (íàñò, èìÿ - Êàñïàð Øìèäò) (1806-1856) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, òåîðåòèêË.Â. Êðèâèöêèé
ØÓÒÖ (Schutz) Âèëüÿì (ð. 1925) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã. Äîêòîð íàóê, ïðîôåññîð. ÏðåïîäàâàëÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ØÞÖ (Schutz) Àëüôðåä (1899 -1959) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, îñíîâàòåëü ôåíîìåíîëîãÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê
ÙÅÄÐÎÂÈÖÊÈÉ Ãåîðãèé Ïåòðîâè÷ (1929-1994) - ðîññèéñêèé ìåòîäîëîã è ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü è ëèÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷
ÂÄÅÌÎÍÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. eudamonia - áëàæåíñòâî, ñ÷àñòüå) - ýòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå, òðàêòóþùåå ñ÷àñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝÂÎËÞÖÈÎÍÈÇÌ - èñòîðè÷åñêè ïåðâîå òåîðåòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå â ðàçâèòèè àíòðîïîëîãèè. Ý. ñòÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÝÂÒÀÍÀÇÈß (ãðå÷. åu - õîðîøî, thanatos - ñìåðòü) - ïîíÿòèå, ðàçðàáàòûâàåìîå â êîíòåêñòå ïðÅ.È. ßí÷óê
ÝÂÎËÞÖÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÝÂÎËÞÖÈß
ÝÃÎ-ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ (ëàò. ego - ÿ è ëàò. processus - ïðîäâèæåíèå) - â ó÷åíèè Ýðèêñîíà, ñîïðÿæåííûéÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÝÃÎÈÇÌ (ëàò. ego - ÿ) - ïðèíöèï æèçíåííîé îðèåíòàöèè è ìîðàëüíîå êà÷åñòâî ÷åëîâåêà, ñâÿçàíÍ.Ã. Ñåâîñòüÿíîâà
ÝÄÈÏΠÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑ (ãðå÷. Oedipus - èìÿ äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîãî ìèôè÷åñêîãî ôèâàíñêîãî ãåðîÿ è ëàò. Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
"ÝÄÈÏΠÝÔÔÅÊÒ" - âëèÿíèå èíôîðìàöèè (èëè åäèíèöû èíôîðìàöèè) íà ñèòóàöèþ, ê êîòîðîé ýòà èÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÝÉÄÎÑ (ãðå÷. eidos - âèä, îáðàç, îáðàçåö) - òåðìèí àíòè÷íîé ôèëîñîôèè, ôèêñèðóþùèé ñïîñîá Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÝÊÇÅÃÅÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. exegeomai - èñòîëêîâûâàþ) - 1) - Ðàçäåë ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé (èëè ñèñòåìàòè÷åÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈÀËÈÇÌ (ïîçäíåëàò. - ex(s) istentia - ñóùåñòâîâàíèå), èëè ôèëîñîôèÿ ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿÒ.Ì. Òóçîâà
ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÀÍÀËÈÇ (ëàò. existentia - ñóùåñòâîâàíèå è ãðå÷. analysis - ðàçëîæåíèå, ðàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ëàò. existentia - ñóùåñòâîâàíèå è ïñèõîàíàëèç) - ïñèõîàíàëèòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈß - ñì. ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈÀËÈÇÌ
ÝÊÎ (Åñî) Óìáåðòî (ð. 1932) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ñåìèîòèê, ôèëîñîô, ñïåöèàëèñò ïî ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ýÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà
"ÝÊÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÅÑÑÈÌÈÇÌ" - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè, ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé òåîðèè, ñîöèîëîãèè è ôóÑÞ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ
ÝÊÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. oikos - æèëèùå, ìåñòîïðåáûâàíèå è logos - ó÷åíèå) - ó÷åíèå î âçàèìîîòíîøåíÀ.Â. Áàðêîâñêàÿ
ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß- îáùåñòâåííàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, èññëåäóþùàÿ çàêîíîìåðíîñòè ýêîíîìè÷åñêîÒ.Í. Ñîêîëîâà
ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒ (ëàò. experimentum - ïðîáà, îïûò) - ìåòîä ýìïèðè÷åñêîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, ïðè ïîìîùè êÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÝÊÑÏÅÐÒÎÊÐÀÒÈß - ñì. ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÒÅÕÍÈÊÈ ÝÊÑÏËÈÊÀÖÈß (ëàò. explicatio - ðàçúÿñíåíèå) - óòî÷íÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÝÊÑÒÀÇ (ãðå÷. ekstasis - íàõîæäåíèå âî âíå, ñìåùåíèå, ïðåáûâàíèå âíå ñåáÿ) - ñîñòîÿíèå èçìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝÊÑÒÐÀÏÎËßÖÈß (ëàò. extra - ñâåðõ, âíå è polio - âûïðàâëÿþ, èçìåíÿþ) - ëîãèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÝÊÑÒÐÅÌÀËÜÍÀß ÑÈÒÓÀÖÈß (ëàò. extremum - êðàéíåå, ïðåäåëüíîå; situatio - ïîëîæåíèå) - ïîíÿòÍ.Ï. Áàðàíîâ
ÝKXAPT(Eckhart) Èîãàíí, Ìàéñòåð Ýêõàðò (1260-1327/ 1328) - íåìåöêèé ñõîëàñò è ôèëîñîô-ìèñòñòâî" îáðàçóåò âîñïðèÿòèÿ. Íà èõ îñíîâå ðàçóì ôîðìèðóåò ïîíÿòèÿ. Ðàçóì, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî ìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ (ëàò. elementum - ñòèõèÿ, ïåðâîâåùåñòâî; êàëüêà ãðå÷. stoiheia, îò stoihos - ÷ëåíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝËÈÀÄÅ (Eliade) Ìèð÷à (1907-1986) - ðóìûíñêèé ó÷åíûé, àíòðîïîëîã, èñòîðèê ðåëèãèè. Èçó÷àë À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝËÈÒÛ òåîðèè (ôðàíö. elite - ëó÷øåå, îòáîðíîå, èçáðàííîå) - ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêèå, ñîöèîëîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝËËÞËÜ (Ellul) Æàê (1912-1994) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð óíèâåðñèòåòà â Å.Ì. Áàáîñîâ
ÝÌÀÍÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. emanatio - èñòå÷åíèå) - òåðìèí íåîïëàòîíèçìà, ôèêñèðóþùèé îíòîëîãè÷åñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ÝÌÏÅÄÎÊË èç Àêðàãàíòà, Ñèöèëèÿ (490/487/482-430/ 424/423) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, âðà÷,À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝÌÏÈÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. empeiria - îïûò) - íàïðàâëåíèå â òåîðèè ïîçíàíèÿ, ïðèçíàþùåå ÷óâñòâåííûé îÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà
ÝÌÏÈÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ è ÒÅÎÐÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ - ïîíÿòèÿ, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðûõ ñîâðåìåííàÿ ìåòîäîëîãèÿ íàóêè È.À. Ìåäâåäåâà
ÝÍÃÅËÜÑ (Engels) Ôðèäðèõ (1820-1895) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ñîîñíîâàòåëü (âìåñòå ñ À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝÍÒÅËÅÕÈß - ñì. ÒÅËÅÎËÎÃÈß
ÝÍÒÐÎÏÈß (ãðå÷ en - â, tropia - ïîâîðîò, ïðåâðàùåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå êëàññè÷åñêîé ôèçèêè (ââåäåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝÍÖÈÊËÎÏÅÄÈß (ãðå÷. enkyklios - êðóã, paedia - îáðàçîâàíèå) - ïîíÿòèå åâðîïåéñêîé èíòåëëåêÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝÎÍ (ãðå÷. àion - âåê) - ïîíÿòèå äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, îáîçíà÷àþùåå "âåê", "ïóòü æèçíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝÏÈÊÓÐ (341-270 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô-ìîðàëèñò ýïîõè ýëëèíèçìà, àôèíÿíèí ïî ïÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÝÏÈÑÒÅÌÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. episteme - çíàíèå, logos - ó÷åíèå) - ôèëîñîôñêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ äèñöÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ
ÝÐÀÇÌ ÐÎÒÒÅÐÄÀÌÑÊÈÉ, Äåçèäåðèé (äåéñòâèòåëüíîå èìÿ Ãåðõàðä Ãåðõàðäñ) (1469-1536) - âûäàþùèÀ.À. Êðóãëîå
ÝPÈKCOH (Erikson) Ýðèê (1902 - 1994) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ñîöèîëîã è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. ÎñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÝÐÍ Âëàäèìèð Ôðàíöåâè÷ (1882-1917) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò. Èçó÷àë ôèëîñîôèþ â ÌîñêîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÝÐÎÑ (ãðå÷. eros - ëþáîâü) - 1) ìèôîëîãè÷åñêîå îëèöåòâîðåíèå ëþáâè è ñåêñóàëüíîñòè, 2) ïåðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî
ÝÑÒÅÒÈÊÀ - òåðìèí, ðàçðàáîòàííûé è ñïåöèôèöèðîâàííûé À.Ý. Áàóìãàðòåíîì â òðàêòàòå "AesthetÎ.Í. Êóêðàê
ÝÑÕÀÒÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. eschatos - ïîñëåäíèé è logos - ó÷åíèå) - ðåëèãèîçíîå ó÷åíèå î êîíöå èñòÀ.Í. Øóìàí
ÝÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. ethos - íðàâ, îáû÷àé, ïðèâû÷êà) - ïðîáëåìíàÿ ñôåðà ôèëîñîôèè (ôèëîñîôñêàÿ äèñÍ.Ã. Ñåâîñòüÿíîâà
ÝÒÍÎÌÅÒÎÄÎËÎÃÈß - (ethòî - íàðîä, metod - ìåòîäû, logy - 'èññëåäîâàíèå; áóêâàëüíî - "ó÷åíèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ÝÒÍÎÑ (ãðå÷. ethnos - ãðóïïà, ïëåìÿ, íàðîä) - ìåæïîêîëåííàÿ ãðóïïà ëþäåé, îáúåäèíåííàÿ äëèÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÝÒÍÎÖÅÍÒÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. ethnos - ãðóïïà, ïëåìÿ, íàðîä è ëàò. centrum - ñðåäîòî÷èå, öåíòð) - ñâÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ.
ÝÒÍÎÑ (ãðå÷. ethnos - ãðóïïà, ïëåìÿ, íàðîä) - ìåæïîêîëåííàÿ ãðóïïà ëþäåé, îáúåäèíåííàÿ äëèÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷
ÝÒÍÎÖÅÍÒÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. ethnos - ãðóïïà, ïëåìÿ, íàðîä è ëàò. centrum - ñðåäîòî÷èå, öåíòð) - ñâÑÞ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ.
ÝÒÎÑ (ãðå÷. îáû÷àé, íðàâ, õàðàêòåð) - 1) òåðìèí äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, îáîçíà÷àþùèé ñîÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà
ÝÔÈÐ (ãðå÷. aither - ñëîé âîçäóõà íàä îáëàêàìè) - ïîíÿòèå äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè (ÀíàêñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÞÌ (Hume) Äýâèä (1711-1776) - áðèòàíñêèé äèïëîìàò, èñòîðèê, ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò ýïîõè ÏðîñâÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÞÍà (Jung) Êàðë Ãóñòàâ (1875-1961) - øâåéöàðñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, ïñèõèàòð, êóëüòóðîëîã. ÎñíÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÞÍÃÅÐ (Junger) Ýðíñò (1895-1998) - íåìåöêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ôèëîñîô. Ó÷àñòíèê Ïåðâîé (14 ðàíåíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÞÐÊÅÂÈ× Ïàìôèë Äàíèëîâè÷ (1827-1874) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü Êèåâñêîé ôèëîñîôñêî-À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÞÑÒÈÍ ôèëîñîô (Þ.-ìó÷åíèê) (Iustin) (óì. îê. 165) - ðàííåõðèñòèàíñêèé áîãîñëîâ è ôèëîñîô, Ñ.Ë. Ëåïèí
ß - ôóíäàìåíòàëüíàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ôèëîñîôñêèõ êîíöåïöèé ëè÷íîñòè, âûðàæàþùàÿ ðåôëåêñèâíî îñîçíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ßÇÛÊ - ñëîæíàÿ ðàçâèâàþùàÿñÿ ñåìèîòè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà, ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ ñïåöèôè÷åñêèì è óíèâåðñàëüíêàê "èñòîðèÿ ñëîâîâåùåé" (X. Øóõàðäò). Îêîí÷àòåëüíîå îôîðìëåíèå êëàññè÷åñêîé ïàðàäèãìû â èñòîðåñëè ïðèìåíèòåëüíî ê êëàññè÷åñêîé òðàäèöèè òðàêòîâêè ß. ôèëîñîôñêîå îñìûñëåíèå ÿçûêîâûõ ôåíîìåÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ßÇÛÊ ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÀ - îäíî èç âàæíåéøèõ ïðîáëåìíûõ ïîëåé ñîâðåìåííîé ôèëîñîôèè èñêóññòâà, êîíñòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ßÇÛÊÎÂÛÅ ÈÃÐÛ - ïîíÿòèå ñîâðåìåííîé íåêëàññè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè ÿçûêà, ôèêñèðóþùåå ðå÷åâûå ñèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî
ßÇÛ×ÅÑÒÂÎ - òåîëîãè÷åñêèé òåðìèí, êîíñòèòóèðîâàííûé â ðàìêàõ äóàëüíîé îïïîçèöèè "òåèçì (â Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî
ßÊÎÂÅÍÊÎ Áîðèñ Âàëåíòèíîâè÷ (1884-1949) ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò. Ó÷èëñÿ âî Ôðàíöèè - â Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ßÍ è ÈÍÜ - âçàèìíîñîïðÿæåííûå ïîíÿòèÿ äðåâíåêèòàéñêîé ôèëîñîôñêîé øêîëû äàîñèçìà, à òàêæå
ßÑÈÍÑÊÈÉ Þçåô (âò. ïîë 18 â. - 1833) - ïðîñâåòèòåëü, àíòðîïîëîã, ìåäèê. Ó÷èëñÿ â ÂèëåíñêîìÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî
ßÑÏÅÐÑ (Jaspers) Êàðë (1883-1969) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõèàòð, îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåé ýêçèñòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ
ÊÀÏÏÀÄÎÊÈÉÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - íàïðàâëåíèå çðåëîé ïàòðèñòèêè (4 â.), âîçíèêøåå â êà÷åñòâå ðåàêöèè À.È. Øêëÿðåâñêèé
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÑÒÅÐÅÎÒÈÏ (ãðå÷. stereos - òåëåñíûé, òâåðäûé, îáúåìíûé, ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûé è typoÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî