选修 6

The use of “it” (2)

Unit 4 Grammar

To learn the use of the

emphatic “it”

在上一单元我们已经讲解了it 在句中可以用作许多成分 ,

在本单元我们用图表的形式进行复习整理使同学们对 it 的用法有系统的掌握。

性质

功 能 例 句

代词

用作人称代词，代替上文提到的人或事物。

— Who is it?

— It’s me. You've helped

me a lot; I'll never

forget it.

性质 功 能 例 句

代词

用以代替指示代词this 或 th

at 。

— What’s this?

— It’s a computer.

— Whose book is that?

— It's hers.

性质 功 能 例 句

代词

表示时间、天气、距离、价钱等。

It’s time for lunch.

It’s raining hard.

It’s two miles from the

school to our home.

引导词

作形式主语 ,

代替由不定式、动名词或从句等表示的真正主语。

It is easy to buy a new

radio.

It is no use telling him

that.

It doesn't matter

whether she comes or

not.

引导词

作形式宾语 ,

代替由不定式、动名词或从句等表示的真正宾语。

I feel it my duty to help

him.

We thought it no use

doing that.

I’ve made it clear that

nobody is allowed to

smoke here.

Look at these sentences in the book.

… and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.

It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.

All scientists accept this data. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.

Pay attention to the word “it”. “It” is used for emphasis.

… and that ___ ___ human activity ___ has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.

__ ___ a scientist called Charles Keeling, ____ made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.

go Ready?

isit that

wasIt

who

isitthat

All scientists accept this data. They also agree that __ __ is the burning of more and more fossil fuels _____ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.

1. It was about 600 years ago ___ the first

clock with a face and an hour hand

was made.

A. that B. until C. before D. when

2. I hate ____ when people talk with

their mouths full.

A. it B. that C. these D. them

强调句型中 , 为了强调句子的某一成分( 通常是主语、宾语或状语 ), 常用结构 :

It is / was + 被强调部分 + that (who) …

原句 :

I met Tom in the street yesterday.

① It was I who (that) met Tom in the s

treet yesterday.

② It was Tom that I met in the street y

esterday.

③ It was in the street that I met Tom y

esterday.

④ It was yesterday that I met Tom in t

he street.

主语

宾语

时间状语

地点状语

引导词

表示强调 , 其结构是 : It is / was +

强调部分 + that + 原句剩余部分。此结构只限于强调状语、主语和宾语。 注意：①如果强调的是人 , 其后用 that 或 who 均可 ; ②如果强调的是物、时间或地点等状语 , 其后只能用 that 不用 where 、 when 、why 。

引导词

I saw Tom here yesterday.① It was I that / who saw Tom here yesterday.

② It was Tom that / who I saw here yesterday.

③ It was yesterday that I saw Tom here.

④ It was here that I saw Tom yesterday.

引导词

注意 : 若原句是 not … until 句型 ,

在强调 until 部分时 , 要把否定形式放入被强调部分。例如 : He didn’t

leave until l returned. = It wasn’t un

til I returned that he left ．

强调句型

若强调谓语 , 则用 do / does / did + 动词原形 , 常译为“的确” “一定”等 , 该结构只能用于陈述句或祈使句中。引导的强调句与其它从句的区别在于：

Do be patient! 一定要有耐心。He does want to learn English well. 他的确想学好英语。It was in the place that I was born. ( 强调句 )It was the place where I was born. ( 定语从句 )

易混的其它从句

① 强调句型中前后时态应一致 ; ②被强调的部分为主语、宾语和状语 , 若把 it is／ was 和 that ／who 去掉 , 剩下的词语能重新组成正确的句子 , 而且不缺成分 , 否则就是其它从句。

It was in 1945 that World War II ended. ( 强调句 )

It was 1945 when World War II ended. ( 状语从句 )

It is a long time since I met you last. ( 时间状语 )

It is time that you went to bed. ( 定语从句 )

1. Peter lent us the money.

2. They want money.

3. All this happened on Monday.

It was Peter who lent us the money.

It is money that they want.

It was on Monday that all this happened.

根据划线部分把下列句子变成强调句。

4. I didn’t hear from her until last summer.

5. Why does everyone think I am narrow-minded?

It was not until last summer that I heard from her.

Why is it that everyone thinks I am narrow-minded?

1. It was not until 1920 _____ regular

radio broadcast began.

A. while B. which

C. that D. since

2. ___ is a fact that English is being

accepted as an international

language.

A. There B. This

C. That D. It

3. I like ____ in the autumn when the

weather is clear and bright.

A. this B. that C. it D. one

4. Someone is knocking at the door, but

who can ____ be?

A. one B. he C. she D. it

5. Is _____ necessary to complete the

design before National Day?

A. this B. that C. it D. he

6. Does ____ matter if he can’t finish

the job on time?

A. this B. that C. he D. it

7. ____ worried her a bit that her hair was

turning grey.

A. That B. It C. What D. This

8. They have made ____ a rule ____ in the

room.

A. this; not to smoke B. it; smoking

C. it; to not smoke D. it; not to smoke

Review

it 的用法：代词 it ；引导词 it 。

口诀： 代词 it 本意它 , 既可指这又指那 ; 时间天气均可指 , 谈到距离也用它 ; 假主假宾均可作 , 强调句型跟 that 。

我们如何区分 it 在句中的不同成分呢 ?

1. I don’t mind her criticizing me, but _____ is how she does it that I object to. (2007 江西 ) A. it B. that C. this D. which2. It is imagination ____ makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. (2007 上海春 ) A. where B. what C. that D. when

Quiz I: Multiple choice.

3. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. (2007 浙江 ) A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that

4. It is not who is right but what is right

______ is of importance. (2007 重庆 )

A. which B. it C. that D. this

5. It was in New Zealand ____ Elizabeth

first met Mr. Smith. (2008 全国 )

A. that B. how

C. which D. when

6. It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. (2008 天津 ) A. how B. which C. that D. where7. It was not until midnight _____ they reached the camp site. (2008 重庆 ) A. that B. when C. while D. as

8. It was _____ he came back from Africa that year ____ he met the girl he would like to marry. (2009 江西 )　 A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when9. — I’ve read another book this week. — Well, maybe ______ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. (2009 浙江 ) A. this      B. that      C. there      D. it

10. It was from only a few supplies that

she had bought in the village

______ the hostess cooked such a

nice dinner. (2010 安徽 )

A. where B. that

C. when D. which

11. John’s success has nothing to do

with good luck. It is years of hard

work _______ has made him what

he is today. (2010 湖南 )

A. why B. when

C. when D. that

12. Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down? (2011 四川 ) A. where B. that C. which D. what13. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______ benefits our work most. (2011 陕西 ) A. who B. which C. that D. what

14. — Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? — Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made. (2011 重庆 ) A. that B. where C. when D. which

15. It’s not what we do once in a while

_____ shapes our lives, but what

we do consistently. (2011 湖南 )

A. which B. that

C. how D. when

16. It was 80 years before Christopher

Columbus crossed the Atlantic _____

Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.

(2012 重庆 )

A. when B. that

C. after D. since

17. It was not until near the end of the letter _______ she mentioned her own plan. (2013 天津 )A. that B. where C. why D. when18. It was with the help of the local guide _____ the mountain climber was rescued. (2013 重庆 )A. who B. that C. when D. how

19. It was the culture, rather than the language, ____ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.（ 2014 福建）A. where B. why C. that D. what

20. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ______ makes life happy. （ 2014 湖南 )A. that B. whichC. what D. who

Do you know about the Americans’ hygiene( 卫生 ) habits? There used to be an old joke in America _____ people should take a bath once a week, whether they need one _____ not. In fact, though, Americans generally take ___ bath, or more commonly a shower, every day. But incontrast to some cultures, most Americans get their shower in the morning, so they can start the day fresh. And instead of going to a barber shop, many Americans prefer to have their own hair ______ (do) at home. So if Americans have a “bad hair day”, they have no one to blame

Quiz II: Fill in the blanks.

thator

a

done

but __________. Most people in America head for the beauty salon or barber shop _____________ (occasion) for a haircut, a perm( 烫发 ) or just some friendly conversation. Americans put great value on __________ (person) hygiene. For some people, taking care of themselves has become almost a religion. As the old saying _____ (go), “Cleanliness is next to godliness( 信仰 ).” ___ is certain that being clean will bring one closer to others. Americans look down _____ the people who don’t take care of themselves, or who “let themselves go”.

It

themselves

occasionally

personal

goes

on

1. It’s difficult to remember all their names.

2. It’s very quiet in the café. 3. It rained for three days.4. He made it clear that he didn’t want to speak to me.5. It was nice to meet you.

形式主语 , 代替…… Circumstance

Weather

形式宾语 , 代替……

Quiz III: Discuss the following sentences and tell the function of “it”.

形式主语 , 代替……

6. It was on Tuesday that Smith came.

7. It’s three miles from here to the nearest garage.8. A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was captain Jim.

9. I hear you bought a new bike. Can you show it to me?

用于强调句型中

Distance

人称代词，代表前面提到的人

人称代词，代表前面提到的物

10. It was five o’clock when we got back home yesterday.11. It was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept. 12. It was on this coast that lots of his people disappeared. 13. It was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.

Time

Circumstance

用于强调句型

作引导词，在句中作形式主语，代替后面的从句