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康寧學報 91331612007133 *康寧醫護暨管理專科學校 通識教育中心講師 電子郵件:[email protected] 收稿日期: 2006.11.15 修改日期: 2007.4.27 接受日期: 2007.4.27 初唐的道、佛之爭 王文泉* 唐高祖、太宗朝,道、佛間發生各以傅奕、釋法琳為主的激烈論爭。本文 主要從三教論辯史的方向,探討初唐道、佛雙方的論辯特色,以及其於三教論 辯史的地位與影響。 在唐高祖、太宗「揚道抑佛」的政策下,傅奕繼承梁.荀濟的排佛方向: 採取強烈的夷、夏之防,激化佛教與王權的衝突。欲藉由絕對的政治力,以近 乎北周武帝令沙門還俗、賜寺廟予王公的方式毀佛。其後,韓愈受傅奕影響, 也採取強烈的夷、夏之防排佛,在類似傅奕地主張「人其人」、「廬其居」之外, 還喊出「火其書」的口號。 法琳強化北周.甄鸞《笑道論》從歷史、道經、邏輯反證等大量舉例的方 式,追擊傅奕在神化老子與經典優劣上所避談的問題,反駁佛教與王權的衝 突,論證佛教的信而有徵。其後,彥悰作《集沙門不應拜俗等事》,道宣撰《集 古今佛道論衡》、《集神州三寶感通錄》,也是採取廣引事例說明的方式。法琳 並且繼承北周.道安《二教論》的護法方向:否定道家之為教,再對佛、儒判 分高下,形成「佛統攝儒而高於儒」的論辯思維,說明佛教比儒家更有益於治 道。這也影響北宋與排佛儒生分庭抗禮的釋契嵩,更具體而微地從「佛統攝儒 而高於儒」的思維推衍其護法論。 關鍵詞:道佛之爭、初唐、傅奕、法琳、三教論辯史

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134
The Debates of Taoism, Buddhism of Initial Stage of the Tang Dynasty
Wen-Chuan Wang*
Abstrat
In Tang GaoZu , Tang Taizong's era, the debate relying mainly on Fu Yi ,
FaLin has happened between Taoism , Buddhism. History of argueing from Taoism
to the Confucianists and Buddhism is mainly of this text, probed into the
characteristics of argueing of Taoism, Buddhism initial stage of the Tang Dynasty,
they were argueing about the status and influence of the history.
Under the policies of Tang GaoZu , Tang Taizong ' praises highly Taoism, and
belittles Buddhism ', Fu Yi inherits the roof beam and helps the direction which
repels Buddhism towards Xun: Distinguishes roughly though clan and China , the
conflicts of prominent Buddhism and regime . With political strength, destroying
Buddhism by closing the military emperor in a week at north: Orders the Buddhist
monks and nuns to resume secular life, and give the temple to officers. Later, Han
Yu grand to influence Fu, distinguishes roughly through clan and China too, but
repel Buddhism strongly, the Confucianists that still influenced Northern Song
Dynasty. Han Yu calls the slogan ' burn Sutras ' in Fu Yi's opinion.
Whether FaLin follows the north week " smile at dishes of theory " of
mythical birds like the Zhen phoenix, by a large number of way that give an
example to criticize Fu Yi avoiding questions that talk about the situation. Regard
me as the immortal, Buddhism classics and Taoism's classics are quality. And refute
* Lecturer, Center of General Education, Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and
Management
135
the conflicts of Buddhism and in regime, it is believed to prove Buddhism. Later,
swallows " collect there non sramana writing ",declaring not for " collecting dishes
by Buddha dish at all times in terms of weighing apparatus ", not " collecting
Divine Land the coherent to record in sense in Triratnaing, taking large numbers of
ways to give an example too. Whether FaLin inherited one part which" teaches the
theory twice "week such as north. It is a religion to deny the Taoist school,
distinguishing the relative superiority of Buddhism, the Confucianists, form '
Buddhism includes the Confucianists again, than the Confucianists had a
outstanding statement, it proves to be compared with the Confucianists on
Buddhism in further more help but not lasting in the country. Contracts that
influenced Northern Song Dynasty is high too, hard thinking on ' Buddhism include
the Confucianists is more outstanding than that of the Confucianists '.
Developed a “Saved the Buddhism” point of veiw.
Key wordsthe debates of Taoism and Buddhism, Fu Yi, FaLin, The initial stage of
the Tang Dynasty, the history of arguing about Taoism, the
Confucianists, Buddhism

4

1 1981
1992


2 50 198 3 11 52 160 4 7 52 134 ~135 5 25 52 283 6 52 380 7 14 52 187 ~195 8 12 52 168 ~175 9 50 198 ~199

[1979 ] 119~120


11
1213
14
17
1819

21 22
10 3 11 52 476 ~477 12 9 199 13 12 14 11 475 15 133 1694 16 79 2716 17 2717 18 67 19
[1979 ] 131……
79 2717 20 52 381 21 24 50 634 22 5 50 205
138
23
24
25



2829
23 1 16~17 25(
52 283) 24 6 25 20 382 9 201
50 205 3 49
813 11 49 564
39
…………
…… 49 362 ~363

1981 2 100 26 39 49 364 27 4 135 28 903 19 11892 29

1987 128 9 202 ~203 20 384

32




36
3738
30 50 203 31 204 25 52
283 ~284 32 24 50 635 ~636 33 16 2717 34 39 49 365
35 30 204 24 50 638 36 50 210 ~211 37
( 19 11883 ) 38 36 212
140

39




43



44
39 2 (1997 ) 35~43 40 18 ( 58 9 ) 35~36 41 (1981 ) 297~298 42 (1990 ) 325~326 43 71~108 44 293~303

45


3
446
34
47 548 1 2 349
50
451

52
45 327 46 342 47 39 45 48 49 42 327 50 39 56 51 39 59 52 42 327~328
142


5354
55

56
57


59

53 4 129 54 11 52 160 55 82
44~69 56 6 52 128 57 53 134 58
1 2 88 3 3034 35 59 54 160




64

1
60
14 52 189

61

58
38 62 15 63
4 130 64 133 1694 65
144
67





58 35~3638 66 4 134 67 68 134 69 132 70 11 482


72
74
75




71 72 1991 495542 73

450480513 74 70 75 15 76 58 32~3336~37
146



78


79
80



77 61 78 13 52 179 ~180




…………
13 52 183 79 176 80 176 ~177

82
3
83
84



85

4
88
81 12 52 172 82 52 498 83 81 169 84 14 52 189 85 52 543 ~545 549 86 548
91996 7 84~86 87 56 126 88 81 174
148
89 5

90
91 6



1
93
94
95
2

89 85 546 90 91 85 545 92 85 546 93 65 8 52 140 94 81 171 95 11 486


97





…99

100

96 478 97


(1988 ) 316~328 98 95 485 99 52 506 100 506 508 101 84 190
150



104

105
102 81 173 103 11 483 104 483 484 105






110

55 62~6466 107

11 52 71 ~72


4 52 116 108 52 537~540 109
72 ) 466
8 52 140 110 ……
152
111








114
115
……
11 52 71 111

72
112 52 521 113 103 484 ~485 114 103 478 ~480 115 52 502 ~520


117
2


118
…………
119



120

116 8 52 138 117 82 499 118 496 ~497 119 496 120 8 52 138
154


122



124
3


126

121 117 502 122 117 499 123

8 52 53 124 52 536 537 125 82 492 126 81 174

127

129


132
127 8 52 137 128 109 129 126 175 130 125 499 493 131 52 535 132 55 52

156


133



……
………………

134


……
……
1982 4 48~49 52 133 125 494 134 52 542



136



137



135 542 136 52 192 137 192 138 191
158
139



140

141





……142




139 125 492 496 140 58 32~3436 141
58 32~34 142 13 1
73 6 231 55 7688~89



143
144










143 55 136~137 144 8 52 137 145 55 123~125 137
160



1976



1961
1979

1981 2
1982 4
1984 13
1
1996 9